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14 10 545 https://plrccollections.org/files/original/ed0cb81172757fb257594d9ec8489d2f.pdf c0ac7cad90f2580320362c909495b5af PDF Text Text NORTHWESTERN University Bulletin -----------·-------------------- - ---------------------------Vol. XXVI September 25, 1925 No. 4 Northwestern University Bulletin is published weekly during the academic year at Chicago, Illinois. Entered as Second Class Matter November 21, 1913, at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912 . Accepted for mailing at special rates of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, a uthoriz ed on June 14, 1918. --------------- Law School News I. Portraits Unveiled at the Alumni Banquet, 1925. HENRY BOOTH HARVEY HURD CHARLES LINTHICUM CHARLES HYDE II. The Dean's Lecture Tour in the vVest. III. The Dean's Speech at Commencement. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University Building CHICAGO �. Officers of the Alumni Association 1925-6 President: Homer H. Cooper, '14 First Vice-Presi"dent: Frederic R. De Young, '97 Second Vz"ce-Presz"dent: Homer B. Dibell, '90 Thz"rd Vz"ce-Presz"dent: C. lVI. C~ay Buntain, '02 Treasurer: Samuel E. Knight, '91 Secretary: Ralph Brown, '20 ,. �• I. Unveiling of Portraits at the Annual Alumni Banquet, 1925. In view of the speedily approaching construction of the Levy Mayer Hall, the new home of the Law School on the McKjnlock Memorial Campus, at Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, it was resolved by the Law Alumni Trustees to undertake to add to the dignity and historic·meaning of the new building by providing a series of oil portraits of personages whose names have been significant in the traditions of the school. By vote of the Law Alumni Trustees, these personages would include: l. Founders and others associated with the earlier history; _2. Former deans; 3. Former professors; 4. Alumni of great distinction. In mqst cases, it is hoped, that the families or descendants will procure and present the portrait;_ where it is impossible, the tru stees will provide it. The portraits completed during the past year number four; and several othe'rs are now in preparation. It was resolved to make the Annual Alumni Banquet of 1925 the occasion for the presentation of the completed ones. These were: HENRY BooTH, HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD, CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE. The portrait of Judge Booth was presented by the Law Alumni Trustees; the artist was Christian Abrahamsen , of Chicago. The portrait of Professor Hurd was presented by his daughters, Mrs. Eda H. Lord and Mrs. Nellie H. Comstock, and his grandsons, Messrs. Thomas and Robert 0. Lord and Hurd Comstock; Trustees; the artist was Christian Abrahamsen, of Chicago. The portrait of Professor Linthicum was presented by Mrs. Linthicum; the artist was Valerio. The portrait of Professor Hyde was presented by Mrs. Hyde and his .Jaw partners, Messrs, Hennings, '12, Thulin, '12, Watson, '12, Westbrook, '12, Keyes, '12, and Sanderson. After an opening announcement by President Cooper, '14, the portraits were successively unveiled, and short addresses made for each one. The addresses follow: 3 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 4 HENRY BOOTH A. DUPUY, '82 BY GEORGE It will be 44 years this autumn since I became a student under Judge Booth's instruction. If we should recall the great Chicago lawyers of that day, we would encounter the names of Leonard Swett, Emory A. Storrs, Wirt Dexter, Melville W. Fuller, Corydon Beckwith, Edward Isham, and others; and among them the name of the man whose memory we wish to honor tonight in the presentation of this portrait. Henry Booth was born on a farm near Roxbury, Connecticut, Aug. 19, 1818. He graduated from Yale in the class of 1840. For a time thereafter, he lived and practiced law in Towanda, Pennsylvania. In 1856 he was called to Poughkeepsie, New York, to be in charge of an institution known as the State and National Law School. In 1859 he was elected dean of the Chicago University Law School. This was not the present University of Chicago, but its now extinct predecessor, the site of whose buildings was on Cottage Grove Ave. near 36th St. Dr. Galusha Anderson was President of that institution until it closed its career. Judge Booth in 1859 assumed the duties of Dean of the Law Department, and served in that capacity through all the changes which the organization underwent during the long period of _m ore than 30 years. Some years after he became dean, Northwestern University desired to add a law department to its educational activities, and the two universities united in forming the Union College of Law, each university taking part in its management, and each agreeing to contribute to its financial support. It was from this Union College that my class of 1882 was graduated. Later upon the dissolution of the old Chicago University, the Union College became the Law Department of Northwestern University. In 1870 Dean Booth was elected _one of the 5 judges of the Circuit Court of Cook County. He was reelected in 1873 for a full term of 6 years, and thus served 9 years on the bench. He was a candidate for re-election in 1879, but was defeated. Reviews by the Supreme Court of judgments and decrees entered by him are found, volumes of reports Nos. 60 to 93, inclusive. Judge Booth's religious views are indicated by his membership in the Third Unitarian Church, and his active interest in the Ethical Culture Society. He was also president of _Chicago Philosophical Society, and ,some of his lectures on theological topics roused the very outspoken disapproval of the Orthodox ministry. In personal appearance, Judge _Booth, as you see by the portrait before you, was of spare and meager physique; but he was very active in his habits. From 1866 until 1892 he lived at 505 West Lake St. near Ogden Ave. It was his constant and almost invariable practice to walk in proceeding downtown and in returning t~ his home each day. He used ( as I can well remember when .I was a student), to mount quickly the three_or more flights of stairs to the classroom, while we indolent stu- �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN dents stood wa1tmg for the small, wheezy old elevator. His voice also corresponded to his physical frame and was rather thin and lacking in resonance. He was a good· teacher, lucid in his explanations, always patient and sympathetic with his students. I believe every student in the school was his loyal and devoted friend. He was a man of the most humanitarian character; and there was hardly a time during his long career when some student, or some poor family, or some unfortunate individual, was not the object of his brotherly care and assistance. If my time permitted, I could relate many incidents illustrative of his character. One thing further I must tell you, for it seems to me to indicate in a very pointed way the character of the man. The Illinois Constitution provides that judges shall have a fixed salary, and no other compensation, perquisite or benefit. Judge Booth construed this so literally and rigidly that during the nine years of his judgeship he Teceived no pay for his arduous labor of teaching in the law school. During those years he devoted the hours from 8 to 9 A. M. and 5 to 6 P. M. to his work of teaching. These were extra hours, hours when most professional men were free, but these hours he gave to unrequited labor out of sheer spirit of service and love for the work. He retired in 1891, after 32 years of continuous service. Finally, when only a few weeks short of 80 years of age, on April 29, 1898, he passed on to the great beyond. 5 In conclusion, let me express the sentiment that Judge Booth was a great teacher, a heroic and most unselfish character, a righteous servitor in the halls of learning and in the courts of justice, and above all, a true and good man. This fine portrait is a very excellent counterfeit presentment of his face and features; and it will enable the coming generations of young men and women, who pass through the halls of the much great,er and larger Northwestern University Law School, to know something more of. the form and features of the first great dean of the school. I have great pleasure, on behalf of .the donors, to present this portrait of Judge Booth to the school. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD BY FRANK J. LOESCH '74 Harvey Hurd was born in Huntington, Connecticut, February 14,, 1828, and started on an independent career, when he was fourteen years of age, with his wardrobe in a pocket .handkerchief. He located first in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he worked on a local newspaper for two years. In 1844 he came to Illinois, with a company of ten young men, and entered Jubilee College in .Peoria County. He remained in that school one year, and then went to Peoria; came to Chicago January 17, 1846, where he was employed for a time in the office of the "Evening Journal" and in the office of the "Prairie Farmer," meanwhile studying law under the direction of Calvin DeWolf. He was admitted to the Bar in 1848. ,_ �6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hurd became associated in practice with Dean Booth, and in 1862 was appointed a member of the faculty of the Law School. He continued in that position until about 1869, when he resigned in order to work exclusively upon the revision of the statutes. On its completion, in 1.874, he was again appointed professor of law. The old University of Chicago Law School had .passed into the joint control of that university and Northwestern University, and was known as the Union College of Law. He continued a member of the faculty of that school until 1902, when he resigned, . and was made professor emeritus. But ):ie delivered occasional lectures up to the time of his death, in 1904. cial biennial editions, with the cooperation of Judge Bradwell, of the Chicago Legal News. So skillful had been his draftsmanshi p, and so serviceable these biennial editions, that this Revision met the needs of the Bar continuously, and the Revision of 1874 remains today as the oldest official revision still in force in any State. The Sanitary District (Drainage) Act. When Hurd had been assistant to State's Attorney Charles Haven, in the 'S0's, he became interested in the drainage law. The engineering problem of securing pure lake-water :for Chicago met serious obstacles in the local government and taxation system. Mr. Hurd, after much study devised a law to govern the presThe wide range of Professor . ent drainage system• of Chicago, Hurd's professional sympathies and which_ diverts the sewage and wa$te the originality and progressiveness material, heretofore poured into of his mental genius are exhibited Lake Michigan, into the Illinois in his four great contributions to the River. Its legal originality consisted legal system of Illinois: the Revised in creating a· municipality, having Statutes of 1874; the Sanitary Dis- taxing powers, but distinct from trict (Drainage) Act; the Torrens both the city and the county. In (Land Title Registration) Acl; ~nd 1886 he introduced the Hurd Bi!L the Juvenile Court Act. which led to the appointment of the legislative commission, in 1887, to The Revised Statutes. In 1869, investigate drainage conditions in he was appointed by Governor Pal- Chicago, and this commission remer as one of the three commission- ported a bill substantially the same ers to prepare a consolidated re- as the bill introdu ced by Mr. Hurd vision of the State statutes. Owing in 1886. Later he assumed much to the death of one member, and the of the organization of the district. resignation of another, the grealer and the Act was adopted by the peopart of the task was performed by ple in 1889. Professor Hurd alone. In 1874 the The Land Title Registration SJswork was :finished and presented Lo the Legislature, and upon its adop- tem. When a State commission was tion he was appointed editor. After- appointed to investigate the desirwards he published thirteen unoffi- ability of introducing the Torrens �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN system of land-title registration, Mr. Hurd was made chairman of the comm1ss10n. The act drafted by the commission (and chiefly by himself) was passed on May 1, 1897. Its constitutionality was successfully defended by him before the Illinois Supreme Court. This State thus became the first in the Union to recog11ize the system. It is an interesting coincidence that the first three chief examiners of titles have been graduates of the school in which Professor Hurd taught. The Juvenile Court Act. Mr. Hurd had interested himself actively in the rescue of juvenile offenders. Up to that time, the juvenile had in some jurisdictions been given special treatment, but always in a branch of the criminal court. Mr. Hurd devised the plan of placing them under the equitable jurisdiction, invoking the historic function of the chancellor as "parens patriae." He drafted a bill embodying this principle in its procedure; and this act The Illinois was passed in 1899. Act was the first of its kind. It was soon copied in Pennsylvania, and then spread to other States. It is now universally acknowledged as .the ty pe for juvenile jurisdiction; and the Juvenile Court of Chicago has been visited by judges and social ,w orkers from all over the world, to observe its methods. The three institutions last described are the most original contributions ever made by Illinois to the American legal system, and Professor Hurd was their originator. So that he highly merited the honorary 7 degree of Doctor of Laws, bestowed in 1898 by Torthwestern university. CHARLES CLARENCE LI JTHICU~ BY OTTO R . . BARNETT '87 I shall not attempt to pronounce a formal eulogy of Charles Clarence Linthicum. But I make my ,t ribute tonight to one whom I am happy and proud to have known as a man, as a friend, and both as an associate and as an opponent in the practice of the law. Our points of contact were many-whether on the golf links, in intimate conversation ,as when we walked the shores of Little Traverse Bay, in the fellowship of our law society, or in professional conference or conflict. Said he, one time: "Otto, I don't want merely a formal service at my funeral. I'd just rather have some of the boys talk and say what is in their hearts to say about me." So, in that wise, shall I talk tonight. To those who knew and loved h im In he was "Charley" Linthicum. all things he measured to the full statute of a man, but withal kindly, gentle, tolerant. In memory's gallery we still see the twinkle of his eye-the kindly, whimsical smile which so endeared him to us. Graduating fror;i this school in 1882, it was not long before he became foremost as one highly skilled in the intricate specialty of the patent law. But he was, first of all, a thorough lawyer, not only in his grasp and knowledge of the fundamentals and the philosophy of the �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN law, but in that broad comprehension of the ideals, traditions and obligations of the lawyer to the public, to the Court and to his clients, without which no man can attain real eminence at the Bar. As senior counsel he was always courteous and considerate of his juniors. giving them full opportunity and full credit. As an opponent, he was ever a foeman worthy of any lawyer's steel, but meticulously fair and honest in all things. I well remember his saying that if, in litigation, he made a new acquaintance, and by the end of the _suit he had not made of him a new friend, he felt he had lost an opportunity. He truly loved his fellowmen. Particularly was he interested in helping young men coming to the bar. I have thought that the remembrance of his own early strug,gles may have been largely the cause of that interest. He never forgot that as an officer of the Court, the lawyer owes a very real duty to be scrupulously frank with the Court in all things. l recall that a case had been certified to the United States Supreme Court on three very important questions of patent law. Then tht clients settled their differences. "Otto", said he, "I'd crawl on my hands and knees to Washington just to argue those questions, but we can't do it. We've got to be honest with the Court and tell it that those are now only moot questions. '; Of his interview with Judge Gary, when he was offered the position of patent counsel in charge of all patent matters for the United States Steel Corporation, he said: "I realized that this appointment meant I had reached as high a success in the patent law as I could hope for. But, perhaps strangely, even while Judge Gary was talking to me in his richly and beautifully appointed office, my mind dwelt not so much on the success attained, but it turned back to those days of early struggle, to the bitter grinding toil and days of real poverty, and to that dear helpmate who in those days endured and worked and economized with me, and made my success possible." If our friend hears us tonight, as perhaps he may, I am sure he would not be content if, in this tribute to him, I failed to mention this richly deserved tribute which he paid to Mrs. Linthicum. An indefatigable worker, he remained to the last. To the remonstrances of his friends, he replied smiling: "I expect to die in the harness, but then, that's my way." And it was, even so. I am happy to present, on behalf of Mrs. Linthicum, this likeness of Charles C. Linthicum, to hang on the walls of the law school in which he both studied and taught. There shall it hang, the speaking likeness of a great lawyer, and one who was every inch a man, to inspire in generations of law students to come, the highest ideals of a lawyer. Truly he lived up to the admonition :-"Love mercy, do justice, and walk humbly with thy God." �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN CHARLES CHENEY HYDE BY CHARLES H. WATSON '12 Charles Cheney Hyde was born in Chicago, May 22, 1873, the son of Dr. James Nevins Hyde and Alice Louise Hyde. His father, who had achieved distinction for his medical services in the Navy during the Civil War, came to Chicago shortly after the close of the War, and was one of the professional ·men who helped make the City become recognized as a center of learning in his profession, not only in this country but abroad. Mr. Hyde was the nephew of Bishop Charles Edward Cheney, known to most of us here. He was reared on the near south side, not far from the Illinois Central Terminal Station. At a veu early age he had an ambition to be a conductor on that railroad, but for some reason, not known to me, the ambition was thwarted, and he turned his attention to professional work! Seriously, however, it is not strange that a man with the heritage which he had, and with the intellectual environment of his earlv life, should decide to devote his efforts to a particular task which had not been covered before in any satisfactory way; nor is it strange that he should have a keen desire to render his country a distinct service. He came to Northwestern University Law School at a time when it was not an easy matter to gain recognition as an instructor. There were on the Faculty during the early years of his service such men as our beloved Dean, Roscoe Pound, Albert Martin Kales, Henry Schofield 9 and many others, who were recognized as authorities in their parttcular lines. Yet he was regarded by the students as a very able, thorough and conscientious instructor. He sought always to treat them with the same regard that he had for members of the profession. His earnest effort to be fair to all of his students may be illustrated by an experience which I had shortly after I went into his office. It was examination time at the close of the school year, and he asked me to take all the examination books, remove the covers and devise some code whereby I could connect the owners with the papers after they had been graded, so that he would not know the identity of the writer at the time of the grading. This is only illustrative of the care which he used in all matters that pertained to the school work. I was asked by Mr. Hyde to accept work in his office at a time when the firm with which I had been associated was dissolving by mutual consent. Each of two of the retiring partners had asked me to go with him, incidentally at a higher salary than that offered me by Mr. Hyde. I had made no mention of this fact in arriving at my decision. The matter came to his attention some time later through another source. When this was found out and without any consultation with me, the pay envelope for the following week contained an amount in excess of my salary, sufficient to cover that which I would have made, had I accepted either of the other offers. �10 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN As a partner, I can testify that Mr. Hyde scrupulously observed with associates and clients the utmost fairness in all his dealings. His desire always was to see justice done. The passion of so many litigants to win their cases, right or wrong, was never borne by him. I am reminded of an incident where he was very anxious to have one of our local courts interpret a treaty in a way which he had for many years believed to be a fair and .logical interpretation. The case was fully argued, briefs were submitted, and the matter was taken under advisement by the Court. After this, but before the· court rendered a decision, a case was decided by the Supreme Court of California holding just the opposite to Mr. Hyde's contention. It is believed that the opposing counsel did not know of this decision. Notwithstanding this fact and with full knowledge that it meant an adverse ruling, Mr. Hyde promptly brought the decision to th·e attention of the court. Very early in h'is professional life, Mr. Hyde decided that he would devote himself to a study of international law. As most of us know, the best part of twenty years was given to this work. His early desire to render a service to his country was first realized, when at the close of the war several parts of his then unpublished manuscript were printed by the State Department for the confidential use of our dBlegates to the Peace Convention in 1919. In 1922 the completed work, under the title "International Law Chiefly as Interpreted and Applied by the United States," was published in two volumes by the house of Little, Brown & Company, of Boston. Usually an author is satisfied if a book of this type is well received in his own country. It is seldom indeed that he can hope for so favorable a reception both at home and abroad as greeted this work. I would like to quote from a review by Cyril M. Picciotto, published in the Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law, in London, England, in November, 1922: "Almost no praise is too high for this admirable work, which will take its place as a classic among treatises upon international law." Again: "This part of the work, like every other, is a miracle of exhaustive comprehensiveness of treatment, of rich learning, ripe and temperate judgment, and orderly presentation. The world of international law is the richer for this work, which is the most noteworthy and memorable of modern times." Since February 11, 1923, Mr. Hyde has been Solicitor for the State Department at Washington. The same conscientious desire for faithful service has been noticed by those who have had an opportunity to come in contact with the work of He this office during this period. retires July 1st of this year. Judging by press reports in some of the Eastern papers, I may say that he leaves an enviable record as Solicitor. Mr. Hyde _has always been very �• NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN fond of Chicago and especially fond of Northwestern University Law School and its connections. I know that nothing could please him more than what is being done tonight. All those who know him personally will agree that loyalty and appreciati on are among his outstanding characteristics. These, along with the other characteristics to which I have referred, are so well illustrated in a letter addressed to the Alumni and forwa rded to me yesterday, that I ask the liberty of now reading it: Washington, D. C. June 10, 1925 "The Alumn i of Iorthwestern University Law School, Chicago, Illinois. Ladies and Gentlemen: "As I am unabie to be present at the dinner of the 1 orthwestern University Alumni tomorrow night permit me to send this word to you. "I am profoundly . touched and deeply gratified by the expression of a desire on the part of the Alumni that my portrait be placed in the Law School building. I am deeply honored by your thought of me and am grateful beyond words to my friends who have made it possible to have my portrait painted for such a purpose. 11 "Northwestern University Law School has for more than twentyfive years meant much to me. I have gained inspiration from Dean Wigmore and my associates. The Law School has given me my partners with , whom I hope soon to renew an active professional relationship. "Northwestern University Law School has for years offered an important stimulus to constructive work in law and it has been a veritable oasis of refreshment for those in the west who have labored in the field of international law. "Even if I am unable to be present at the dinner, I beg to assure you of my delight and satisfaction over the fact that through the medium of my portrait you are permitting me to be deemed a participant in what the Law School has heretofore done. But I have a real hope. It is that my portrait may always bear witness to the fact that so long as I live I have the sincere and most affectionate hope that Northwestern Law School may exercise a stimulating and cheering and refreshing influence to stir American citizens to study with patience and vigor the la,ir of nations. Faithfully yours, (Sd.) CHARLES CHENEY HYDE." �II. The Dean's Lecture Tour 1n the West Q UES. What was the purpose ture, and sometimes both. Ques. Where did your to ur beof your recent lecture tour in gin? the West? Ans. We started in at New OrAns. It originated in invitations received from Universities and Bar leans on April 3, and then went on Associations to give my series of il- to Austin. Here I gave the entire lustrated lectures on The World's series of five lectures, under the Legal Systems. But a principal mo- auspices of the Law Faculty of the Professor Leon tive in accepting this opportunity State University. was to revisit the Alumni all along Green, of that Faculty, who was on the line ·and to clasp hands once , our Summer Law · Faculty in i923, more with my former students and typified the abundant hospitality of good friends who are now leaders Texas, which for warm-hearted and considerate attentiveness to the guest of the Bar all through the West. is like nothing else in America. Ques. What was the subject of Ques. How far did you travel, the lectures? all told? Ans. The lectures are an invenAns. I lectured in nine States, tion of mine, applying visual methbefore two Universities and nine ods in legal education. It consists in the use of colored lantern slides Bar Associations, 21 times in all, to illustrate the history of all the and more than ten thousand persons principal legal systems of the world. attended the lectures. ,At San FranThey begin with the Egyptian legal cisco some nine hundred came the system, and go on through the Baby- first night, and again on the last lonian, the Hebrew, Hindu, Chinese, night. Ques. Did you find Alumni of Greek, Roman , Japanese, Maritime, Mohammedan, Ecclesiastical, Celtic, the Law School in all these places? Ans. Yes, almo'st everywhere; Slavic, Germanic, Romanesque, and Anglican Legal Systems. The en- but there were of course differences. tire sixteen series can be given in In some places a large number of five or six lectures; but I gave the Northwestern Law Alumni have setwhole series only at the University of tled, in other places very few. I Texas Law School and at the Hast- met none in New Orleans, nor in ings College of Law of the Univer- Austin. But in Phoenix ( which is sity of California. This latter insti- reached next), there is an able and tution gave me the initial invita_tion, devoted group, most prominent at and the tour was built around that the Bar, and headed by such famous invitatioµ. At the other places I campus figures as F. 0. Smith '07. gave either the first or the last lec- Our alumnus, Frederick Nave, '97, 12 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 13 was a judge of the Arizona Supreme Ques. What happened m San Court, and his memory is warmly Francisco? cherished there. Ans. In San Francisco apparentThe Northwestern Alumni Club ly the only Law Alumnus we have and the Maricopa Bar Association is my good friend T. Worthington gave us a great dinner, attended by Hubbard '96; but he was a host in a hundred perso~s, and presided . himself, and gathered for me at dinover by Judge Ross of the Arizona ner a distinguished company of Supreme Court, who lectured in our Judges of the Supreme and Superior Law School in the summer of 1924. Courts. Among the Northwestern Alumni Ques. How long did you stay in present were Chambers, President of San Francisco? Ans. We were there a week, and the State Bar Association, Charles B. Ward, President of the Maricopa lectures were given on five successive Bar Association, Gust '09, Stahl '12, nights from Monday to Friday, April Clark '13, Wilkinson '97. The menu 27 to May 1. Some four thousand was in the form of a deed of gift persons attended them in all, includof goodwill and affection and was ing several judges of the Supreme one of the most original things of Court. Besides this, I was the guest the sort ever devised. at a luncheon meeting of two hunQues. What happened at Los dred and fifty members of the San Francisco Bar Association, at which Angeles? . Ans. At Los Angeles, the North- I preached on the theme of the obwestern Alumni Club mustered some structiveness of the United States Sen80 members at a dinner. Dr. Wood- ate to Federal Legislation. I found ward, the President of the Club, was that there was a great demand in in the chair, and an eloquent speech San Francisco to hear our Vicewas made by President Von Klein- President from Evanston, on the imsmidt, of the University of Southern portant theme of the reform of the California, and a brilliant alumnus Senate Rules. of Northwestern. Of the Law School Ques. Did you then turn East Alumni Paul Jones '21, Nilsson '15, again? Abraham '20, Conover '91, King Ans. No, we then went north'99, Packard '97, Rex '96, Morheis- ward to Portland and Seattle. At er '12, Wendland '10, Waterman '00, Portland, I had the honor of a visit Wing '00, McCaughan '07, and from the Governor, Walter M. George Manierre '99 were present, Pierce, '96, and a lunch of our Law as well as Elizabeth Kenney '97, who Alumni was arranged, which was ably represents the woman's contin- attended by the Governor, Summers gent at the Los Angeles Bar. Some '80, Phillips '03, Asher '06, Woodof these had recently moved to Los ley '00, Boyd '16, Purcell '10, ManAngeles, showing the great attrac- ning '08, Kelly '16, Lewis Moore '06 tion which that metropolis now has ( who is now Deputy Attorney Gento magnetize talent. eral), and Albert B. Ridgway, Pres. �14 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN of the Bar Ass'n; Bishop Sumner, formerly of Chicago, was also present, and Dr. A. H. Cantril, President of the N01;thwestern Alumni Club of Portland. Henry Boyd this year is President of the 91st Division of Veterans; the 91st Division was organized at Camp Lewis. Eight hundred persons attended the lecture here, which was given 1n the auditorium of the Lincoln High School, and ·the audience included several judges from the Supreme Court. On Saturday afternoon we took train to Seattle; and here our c,onstant guide was the hospitable Dean of the State University Law School of Washington, John T. Condon, '92. He has done wonders in developing this School, and it is plain to see that he is one of the most popular men in the State. On Sunday, I went down to Olympia, the capital, under the escort of Raymond and Earl · Clifford '15, and paid my respects to Warren W. Tolman '88, now Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Monday noon, May 11, I went to a lunch of Northwestern Law Alumni, where I renewed memories of old times with Eugene Bell '05, David Moss '99 (now a bank President), Phillips '03, Martin '05, Hadley '77 (formerly Justice of the Supreme Court), McNeill '06, Butler '04, and Dean Hart '23. That evening, at the lecture before the Seattle Bar Association; there were five hundred present, including all but one of the Judges of the Supreme Court and also 'the veteran lawyer Arthur, first Plresident of the Washington Bar Association. Ques. What did you think of the rivalry of the cities of Seattle and Portland? Ans. On that subject I pledged myself to have no thought at all, but believed all that I heard from the enthusiastic representa"tives of both cities. Had I stayed longer I might have been obliged to form an opinion; but the next morning early ·we started onwards up the beautiful scenic valley of the Columbia River, for Denver. Friday evening, May 15, I lectured in the Cathedral Room of the Albany Hotel, after a banquet given, by the Colorado and Denver Bar Associations. The toastmaster :was Judge Denison of the Supreme Court, the most beloved personage _in the Colorado profession, who was a Lecturer in our summer Law term of 1922. On Saturday afternoon a second lecture was given at the same place; and this time about four hundred persons attended, instead of the three hundred on the first night; Judge Blume of the Supreme Court of Wyoming, and the Attorney General of Wyoming, came down from Cheyenne; also Sampson '15, who is now Deputy Attorney General of Wyoming; there were also present several Judges of the Supreme Court of Colorado. We have few Law Alumni in Denver; Dickson '92 (formerly Attorney General) was ill, and the others were absent from town; but I lunched with Potter '05, and Jean Kelly '22, and Arthur '08; Arthur is now Professor of Law in the State University of Boulder and he brought a contingent of law stu- �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN dents all the way from Boulder to attend the lecture. That night we left for Lawrence, Kansas, and on Monday, May 18, I was a guest of the Law Faculty of the State University at a luncheon, at which occasion I presided at the installation of a new Chapter of the Order of the Coif ( the honor society in law schools, founded at Northwestern) ; the candidates _admitted were three students in the School and Chief Justice Johnson of the Supreme Court of Ka.nsas, who is now serving his 41st year as a Supreme Justice; he holds the record for having served longer in that capacity than any Judge in the 135 years of our national existence. That night I gave an illustrated lecture in the University Hall at Lawrence; and the next evening gave anothel' lecture of the series before the Bar Association in Topeka. John Hamilton '16 had been called out of town; John Hunt '95 came to the lecture, also Richard Hopkins '01, now Justice of the Supreme Court; and at noon that day a luncheon was...-given me at the Country Club at which some twenty-five Judges and prominent lawyers were present, including almost all of the Justices of the Supreme Court. The Topeka Bar Association is a most fraternal body of men; and they all call each other by their first names. In Topeka, I visited the Law School of Washburn College and addressed the students; Harry Olson, '91, Chief Justice of the Chicago Municipal Court, holds a degree from this college. 15 Ques. Where did you lecture next? Ans. I was due at Omaha on Friday, May 22; but during a two-hour stop-over at Kansas City, I ran uptown to see Charlie Carr, '16, who is now counsel for the Receiver of the [(ansas City Railway Company, and Forest Hanna, '14,, who is now County Prosecuting Attorney; they seem well identified with the destinies of Kansas City. In Omaha I attended a luncheon given by the President of the Omgha Bar Association, and among other eminent lawyers met Gen. Roberts, the oldest member of the Omaha Bar, and also Judge Hastings, formerly Dean of the State University Law School at Lincoln. In the afternoon I visited Creighton University Law School with Dean TePoel, and made a brief address to the law students. In the evening, the lecture was given before the Omaha Bar Association in the Chamber of Commerce rooms; some four hundred and fifty were present, including Chief Justice Morrissey of the Supreme Court, who came down from Lincoln for the purpose; Judge Morrissey is a Lecturer on our Summer Faculty this year at Northwestern. Next day, Saturday, I went to lunch with some of our old-timers, Byron Oberst '15, C. 0. Anderson '16, Roy Howser '05 Henry Fehrman '08 (now counsel to the Peters Trust Company, one of the largest in the United States), and Swanson '07, who came over from Council Bluffs, Iowa; Cole of the College of Liberal Arts and President of the Omaha Northwestern Al- �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN umni Association, also attended. After lunch I went to meet Dr. Cutter, the new Dean of our Med.ical School, who took us for a ride in the suburbs of Omaha; and I am sure that the Medical School is destined to thrive under his leadership. Ques. What other places did you visit? Ans. That night, May 23, we took train for Chicago and arrived home on Sunday morning, "strictly according to plan." Ques. What are your impressions of the lawyers that you met in the different States? Ans. I formed the strong impression that the legal profession everywhere between here and the Pacific· Ocean has felt a vigorous upward movement in the last ten or twenty years. Everywhere the lawyers gave me the impression of being a most earnest and able body 0£ men; and everywhere the Bar was well organized and active in good works tending to the uplift of the profession and the community. Everywhere the Justices of the Supreme Court made me feel satisfied and proud of the attainments of the American Judiciary; and I am sure that in these days the Supreme Judiciary as a whole is maintaining that status of respect from the Bar and the community which is s-o essential in a government of law and order. Ques. How did you find the Alumni of the Law School? Ans. I was gratified to note that everywhere our Alumni represented leadership in the profession and in the community. All seemed to be prosperous and successful, and to be reaping the just fruits of hard work and high abilities. It is, however, curious that in some regions there is an abundant contingent of Northwestern Law Alumni, while in others there are few or none; and I could wish that the distribution of our Alumni were more wide-spread. Ques. How about the reception of the theme of your lectures? Ans. My main object in offering these lectures on The World's Legal Systems was to stimulate an interest in the world of law outside of our own country; and the response shown in the attendance and in the conversations ·with lawyers indicated that I was right in believing that the time is ripe for the growth of such an interest on the part of the American Bar. During the next generation, the nations of the world will be getting together to harmonize, by compromise, the various diversities of their national laws, so as to satisfy the increasing needs of harmonious world commerce. In such conferences our American Bar ought to be able to hold its own. · For this purpose it is necessary that the lawyers of America should begin actively to acquire an understanding of the legal systems in the world around us. My contribution attempted to arouse that interest by tracing in pictures the history of the past and the present systems. I hope thus to create a realizing sense of the importance to America of taking its share in the development of the world law of the future. 1 �III. The Dean's Speech at Commencement, 1925 [ At Commencement, 1925, President Scott introduced a new form of Commencement address. Instead of a single distinguished orator from the outside world, there were to be several speakers representing the university and its departments, each one briefly (in five minutes) outlining the scope and ideals of his department. The President began, for the University, and was (on this occasion ) followed by the Deans of the Medical School, the Law School, the Dental School, and the School of Commerce. On later annual occasions other departments will be represented. The speech of the Dean of the Law School follows:] 1. Justice (said the Roman jurist, Ul pian, nearly 2000 years ago) , Justice is the constant aim to allot to everyone his due share of wellbeing in the community. Law is the body of rules of conduct that have been devised by each people to attain this end. Therefore, the more elaborate the civilization the more elaborate are the rules which the Law must devise to control that civilization. Every civilized people must therefore possess a Science of law. Hence the Law, being a vast science, must have worthy schools for fully mastering that science. That is why the Law School of this University now exacts four years of preparation in law. 2. But the Law must also embrace and take notice of all the other sciences; for example, if the sciences of physics and of chemistry develop the telephone or the radio or the gas-engine for daily life, the Law must expand to include and regulate those activities also. Hence, the Law, being the regulator of the whole gamut of human life and science, must require a high preparatory education of those who are ambitious to undertake its study. This is why a college education is now being required of intending lawyers. 3. Again, Law is an applied science, like medicine. Hence, its scientists and teachers ought to be in the closest touch with its practitioners on the Bench and at the Bar. A faculty of law cannot afford to be composed of legal monks . . Hence, the law school of this University is located in the heart of the metropolis, in daily clinical contact with judges and practitioners. 4. A lawyer is the trusted adviser of the client, in matters of life, liberty and property. Hence, the lawyer must be an honest man. When it happens that he fails to be, it is usually because a dishonest client has succeeded in finding a dishonest lawyer. Hence, one object of our law school is to breed honest young men, who will refuse to assist a dishonest client. 17 �18 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN 5. Finally, the Law School of this University aims to be progres• sive. This Law School was the first in the United States to extend the required law course to four years; the first to require of every student an acquaintance with the lives of those great advocates and judges of the past, whose example may inspire the young lawyer in his strug• gle upwards to the heights of his profession; the first to require the study of the history and the philosophy of the law; the first to impose a training in the art of pro• fessional speech; the first to offer practical experience in a legal clinic, where the student gives free legal assistance to the poor, in an office which has 15,000 cases a year; the first to offer training in the great contemporary problems that come before the legislatures, of which these young men may some day become members; the first to encourage the study of modern criminal science, which is destined to reconstruct our criminal law; the first to establish a law review devoted to the problems of our own State leg• islation and jurisprudence; and the first to offer a complete practical training in the use of law-books. But why should a Law School aim to be progressive? The reason is this: The Law, as a system, is naturally conservative; it seeks to conserve the existing rule, until Society~ has finally made up :its mind what the new rule should be. Since the Law itself is naturally conserva• tive, veteran lawyers as a body tend to be over-conservative. Hence schools of legal education should supply the counteracting influence, by being progressive. Most yo ung men start with ideals; they are ripe for progressiveness. A lawyer is usually less progressive at 50 than he was at 25. Hence th e law school can best serve the profession and the community by emphasizing progres· sive ideals upon its young men; for then, if ever, is the best moment at which to reach their soul::. And so the Law School of this University has taken for it criter• ion: Progressiveness--a discriminat· ing progressiveness-a progressive· ness that gives the signal to advancr when certain that it has solid ground ahead-a progressiveness adminis• tered by men of honor and intelligence--a progressiveness that aims to secure Justice, everywhere, a t all times, for every citizen. �, l �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: Law School News</div> Description An account of the resource This special issue of the <i>Bulletin</i> features three main stories: "Portraits Unveiled at the Alumni Banquet, 1925"; "The Dean's Lecture Tour in the West"; and "The Dean's Speech at Commencement." Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1925 Law School News Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1925 September 25 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN University Bulletin Vol. XXVI No. Northwestern University Bulletin Chicago Illinois. Entered Second Class Matter Postoffice Chicago Illinois Act Congress Accepted Section Act Law School News Portraits Unveiled Alumni Banquet HENRY BOOTH HARVEY HURD CHARLES LINTHICUM CHARLES HYDE Dean's Lecture Tour West Dean's Speech Commencement PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University Building CHICAGO Officers Alumni Association President Homer H. Cooper First Vice President Frederic R. De Young Second Vice President Homer B. Dibell Thzird Vice President C. M. Clay Buntain Treasurer Samuel E. Knight Secretary Ralph Brown Unveiling Portraits Annual Alumni Banquet Levy Hall Law School McKjnlock Memorial Campus Lake Shore Drive Chicago Avenue Law Alumni Trustees By Law Alumni Trustees Founders Former Former Alumni Annual Alumni Banquet These HENRY BooTH HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE. Judge Booth Law Alumni Trustees Christian Abrahamsen Chicago. Professor Hurd Mrs. Eda H. Lord Mrs. Nellie H. Comstock Messrs. Thomas Robert Lord Hurd Comstock Trustees Christian Abrahamsen Chicago. Professor Linthicum Mrs. Linthicum Valerio. Professor Hyde Mrs. Hyde .Jaw Messrs Hennings Thulin Watson Westbrook Keyes Sanderson. After President Cooper NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN HENRY BOOTH BY GEORGE A. DUPUY Judge Booth's Chicago Leonard Swett Emory A. Storrs Wirt Dexter Melville W. Fuller Corydon Beckwith Edward Isham Henry Booth Roxbury Connecticut Aug. Yale Towanda Pennsylvania. Poughkeepsie New York State National Law School. Chicago University Law School. University Chicago Cottage Grove Ave. St. Dr. Galusha Anderson President Judge Booth Dean Law Department Some Northwestern University Union College Law Union College Later Chicago University Union College Law Department Northwestern University. Dean Booth Circuit Court Cook County. . Reviews Supreme Court Nos. Judge Booth's Third Unitarian Church Ethical Culture Society. Chicago Philosophical Society Orthodox Judge Booth From West Lake St. Ogden Ave. three stuNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Illinois Constitution Judge Booth Teceived During A. M. P. M. These . Finally Judge Booth Northwestern University Law School . Judge Booth HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD BY FRANK J. LOESCH Harvey Hurd Huntington Connecticut . Bridgeport Connecticut Illinois Jubilee College .Peoria County. Peoria Chicago "Evening Journal" "Prairie Farmer Calvin DeWolf. Bar NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hurd Dean Booth Law School. On . University Chicago Law School Northwestern University Union College Law Professor Hurd's Illinois Revised Statutes Sanitary District Drainage Act Torrens Land Title Registration Acl Juvenile Court Act. Revised Statutes. Governor Palmer State Owing Professor Hurd Lo Legislature Afterwards Judge Bradwell Chicago Legal News. So Revision Bar Revision State. Sanitary District Drainage Act. Hurd State's Attorney Charles Haven 'S Chicago Mr. Hurd Chicago Lake Michigan Illinois River. Its Hurd Bi!L Chicago Mr. Hurd Later Act Land Title Registration SJstem. State Torrens NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hurd Its Illinois Supreme Court. State Union Professor Hurd Juvenile Court Act. Mr. Hurd Up Mr. Hurd Illinois Act Pennsylvania States. Juvenile Court Chicago Illinois American Professor Hurd So Doctor Laws Torthwestern CHARLES CLARENCE LI JTHICU BY OTTO R . BARNETT Charles Clarence Linthicum. Our Little Traverse Bay Said "Otto So To "Charley" Linthicum. Graduating NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Court Bar. Particularly Court Court United States Supreme Court . "Otto" Washington We's Court Of Judge Gary United States Steel Corporation Judge Gary Mrs. Linthicum. An To And Mrs. Linthicum Charles C. Linthicum There Truly "Love God NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN CHARLES CHENEY HYDE BY CHARLES H. WATSON Charles Cheney Hyde Chicago Dr. James Nevins Hyde Alice Louise Hyde. His Navy Civil War Chicago War City Mr. Hyde Bishop Charles Edward Cheney Illinois Central Terminal Station. ! Seriously Northwestern University Law School There Faculty Dean Roscoe Pound Albert Martin Kales Henry Schofield Yet His Mr. Hyde Each Mr. Hyde. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hyde His . Court. After Supreme Court California Mr. Hyde's Notwithstanding Mr. Hyde Very Mr. Hyde His State Department dBlegates Peace Convention "International Law Chiefly Interpreted Applied United States Little Brown & Company Boston. Usually Cyril M. Picciotto Journal Comparative Legislation International Law London England "Almost Again Since Mr. Hyde Solicitor State Department Washington. Judging Eastern Solicitor. Mr. Hyde NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Chicago Northwestern University Law School All These Alumni Washington D. C. Alumn Iorthwestern University Law School Chicago Illinois. Ladies Gentlemen University Alumni Alumni Law School Northwestern University Law School Dean Wigmore Law School Northwestern University Law School Law School Northwestern Law School American Sd. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE II. Dean's Lecture Tour West QUES. West? Ans. Universities Bar Associations World's Legal Systems. Alumni Bar West. Ques. ? Ans. They Egyptian Babylonian Hebrew Hindu Chinese Greek Roman Japanese Maritime Mohammedan Ecclesiastical Celtic Slavic Germanic Romanesque Anglican Legal Systems. University Texas Law School Hastings College Law University California. invita invitatioμ. Ques. Where ? Ans. We New Orleans Austin. Here Law Faculty State University. Professor Leon Green Faculty Summer Law Faculty i Texas America. Ques. How ? Ans. States Universities Bar Associations San Francisco Ques. Did Alumni Law School ? Ans. Yes Northwestern Law Alumni New Orleans Austin. Phoenix Bar F. Smith Our Frederick Nave NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Arizona Supreme Court Northwestern Alumni Club Maricopa Bar Association Judge Ross Arizona Supreme Court Law School Among Northwestern Alumni Chambers President State Bar Association Charles B. Ward President Maricopa Bar Association Gust Stahl Clark Wilkinson Ques. Los Angeles? Ans. Los Angeles Northwestern Alumni Club Dr. Woodward President Club President Von Kleinsmidt University Southern California Northwestern. Of Law School Alumni Paul Jones Nilsson Abraham Conover King Packard Rex Morheiser Wendland Waterman Wing McCaughan George Manierre Elizabeth Kenney ' Los Angeles Bar. Some Los Angeles Ques. San Francisco? Ans. San Francisco Law Alumnus T. Worthington Hubbard Judges Supreme Superior Courts. Ques. How San Francisco? Ans. We Some Supreme Court. Besides San Francisco Bar Association United States Senate Federal Legislation. San Francisco Vice President Evanston Senate Rules. Ques. Did East ? Ans. No Portland Seattle. Portland Governor Walter M. Pierce Law Alumni Governor Summers Phillips Asher Woodley Boyd Purcell Manning Kelly Lewis Moore Deputy Attorney General Albert B. Ridgway Pres. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Bar Ass's Bishop Sumner Chicago Dr. A. H. Cantril President N Alumni Club Portland. Henry Boyd President Division Veterans Division Camp Lewis. Eight Lincoln High School Supreme Court. On Seattle Dean State University Law School Washington John T. Condon School State. On Olympia Raymond Earl Clifford Warren W. Tolman Chief Justice Supreme Court. Northwestern Law Alumni Eugene Bell David Moss President Phillips Martin Hadley Justice Supreme Court McNeill Butler Dean Hart Seattle Bar Association Judges Supreme Court Arthur Plresident Washington Bar Association. Ques. Seattle Portland? Ans. On Had Columbia River Denver. Cathedral Room Albany Hotel Colorado Denver Bar Associations. Judge Denison Supreme Court Colorado Lecturer Law On Judge Blume Supreme Court Wyoming Attorney General Wyoming Cheyenne Sampson Deputy Attorney General Wyoming Judges Supreme Court Colorado. We Law Alumni Denver Dickson Attorney General Potter Jean Kelly Arthur Arthur Professor Law State University Boulder stuNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Boulder Lawrence Kansas Law Faculty State University Chapter Order Coif Northwestern School Chief Justice Johnson Supreme Court Ka. Supreme Justice Judge University Hall Lawrence Bar Association Topeka. John Hamilton John Hunt Richard Hopkins Justice Supreme Court ... Country Club Judges Justices Supreme Court. Topeka Bar Association Topeka Law School Washburn College Harry Olson Chief Justice Chicago Municipal Court Ques. Where ? Ans. Omaha Kansas City Charlie Carr Receiver [ City Railway Company Forest Hanna County Prosecuting Attorney Kansas City. Omaha President Omgha Bar Association Gen. Roberts Omaha Bar Judge Hastings Dean State University Law School Lincoln. Creighton University Law School Dean TePoel Omaha Bar Association Chamber Commerce Chief Justice Morrissey Supreme Court Lincoln Judge Morrissey Lecturer Summer Faculty Northwestern. Next Byron Oberst C. Anderson Roy Howser Henry Fehrman Peters Trust Company United States Swanson Council Bluffs Iowa Cole College Liberal Arts President Omaha Northwestern Al NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Association After Dr. Cutter Dean Med. School Omaha Medical School Ques. ? Ans. Chicago Ques. States? Ans. Pacific Ocean Everywhere £ Bar Everywhere Justices Supreme Court American Judiciary Supreme Judiciary Bar Ques. How Alumni Law School? Ans. Alumni All Northwestern Law Alumni Alumni Ques. How ? Ans. My World's Legal Systems American Bar. During American Bar America My America III. Dean's Speech Commencement [ Commencement President Scott Commencement Instead President University Deans Medical School Law School Dental School School Commerce. On Dean Law School ] Justice Roman Ul Justice Law Therefore Law Every Science Hence Law Law School University Law Law Hence Law . Again Law Hence Bench Bar. . Hence University . Hence Hence NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Finally Law School University Law School United States State Law School Law Society Since Law Hence Most Hence And Law School University Progressiveness Justice https://plrccollections.org/files/original/efc4fda2df2904cc34d4d20c456c1f9a.pdf a9723690b1758f7bd8f1f7612330c245 PDF Text Text Il,y. ' i \..L/, SERIES V I {_ __,. --. • BER MAY-JULY, 1906 1 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF NORTHWESTERN LAKE AND PUBLICATION UNIVERSITY BUILDING DEARBORN PUBLISHED STREETS Q_UARTERLY NORTHWESTERN CHICAGO BY UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO. The University comprises the following departments of instruction, each having a distinct Faculty: THE COLLEGE OE LIBERAL ARTS, in Evanston, Founded in 1851, opened in 1855. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 1859. THE LA w SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 1859. THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, in Chicago, Fomided in 1886. THE DENTAL SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 1887. THE SCHOOL OF Music, in Evanston, Organized in 1895. The following non-degree-conferring departments tained by the University: are main- THE ACADEMY, at Evanston, Established in 1860. GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, at Onarga, Illinois, Founded in 1863. THE ELGIN ACADEMY, at Elgin, Illinois, Chartered in 1839, opened in 1856. Garrett Biblical Institute, a theological school authorized by its charter to confer degrees in divinity, is established on its own foundation and under separate management. The buildings of the Institute are on the University campus in Evanston, and the school is in close co-operation with the University. The Norwegian Danish Theological School in Evanston is affiliated with the Institute. The Swedish Theological Seminary · is an independent school located on the University campus in Evanston. The Cumnock School of Oratory is conducted on the University campus in Evanston. The Interstate School of Correspondence in Chicago is affiliated with the University, its certificates in academic courses being accepted at their face value toward meeting the entrance requirements in any department. �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. 1, SERIES V, MAY-JULY, 1906. PAGE . I. Announcement of Illinois Law Review and Merger of the Quarterly Bulletin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 II. Calendar of Session for 1906-07. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 III. Revised List of Faculty for 1906 ..... . ... . . . ...... . ..... 4 IV. Location and Equipment of the School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 V. Revised List of Courses for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 VI. Tuition Fees; Scholarships; Prizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 VII. Requirements for Admission and Graduation ...... . ...... 20 VIII. Alumni News Items : 1. Contributions to the library by Hon. Elbert H . Gary, '67.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Towle Prize Debate .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . ........... .. . 3. Abel Davis, '02 .. .. . . . .. . ...... . . . . ............. .. 4. John Maxey Zane, Esq., Lectures on Legal History and Biography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5. Announcement of Annual Alumni Banquet, 1906 . . .. IX. 24 25 26 27 28 Revised List of Alumni Secretaries for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 X. List of Students for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 XI. Young Men's Christian Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Copyright 1906, by Northwestern University. Entered at the Post-office at Chicago, Ill., as Secon.c!·c;l.1;¥1 mat\c;~•. �I. ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ANNOUNCEMENT With the May, 1906, number the Quarterly issue of the Law School Bulletin will cease, and hereafter matter pertaining to the school and the alumni will be included in the monthly issues of the Illinois Law Review. This Law Review has been established in the belief that there is not only a field for, but need of a law review that shall be devoted particularly to the interests of members of the bar in Illinois; that shall offer a full and fair discussion and exposition of Illinois law and of matters of especial interest to the Illinois bar, and in this belief the Northwestern University Law Publishing Association has undertaken th e publication of the above named Review. The aim of the editors will be to publish a journal of practical value to lawyers; a journal that will be of assistance to every active lawyer in his daily work. The principal features of this Review will be: (1) Articles on legal subjects of live interest to the bar and people of the State. (2) Articles on the history and status of important problems and doctrines in the courts of this State. (3) Articles and symposiums on proposed constitution.al amendments and law reforms. ( 4) Reviews of the work of the State legislature at the close of each session. ' (5) Reports of committee of State and city bar associations, and selected addresses delivered before said associations. (6) Addresses delivered in the course on Legal Tactics in the Northwestern University Law School. (7) Critical comment on important decisions of Federal and Illinois courts, and in some instances of the courts of other States. (8) Digests of all decisions rendered during each month in the Appellate Courts of Illinois, and a digest of decisions in important cases in nisi prius courts in Illinois. (9) Reviews of law books. (10) Announcements of Northwestern University Law School and notes of matters of interest to its alumni. The subscription price will be three dollars per year; single copies, forty cents. The first number will be published May 1, 1906, and monthly thereafter except during the months of July, August and September. Subscriptions may be sent to The Illinois Law Review, 87 East Lake street, Chicago. No effort will be spared by the editors to make the Review a journal of general interest and value to all lawyers and a journal that will be indispensable to lawyers in Illinois. But its success, in a great measure, must depend upon the constantly active support of every graduate of the School. May the School not only count upon your subscription being returned to-day on the blank form enclosed, but may it not also depend upon you as an interested subscription i,olicitor among your fellow lawyers? 2 �II. CALENDER OF SESSION, 1906-1907. 1906. September 24, Monday, September 25, Tuesday, September 26, Wednesday, September 27, Thursday, November 29 to December 2, December 21, Friday, 1907. January 3, Thursday, January 28, Monday, January 31, Thursday, February 4, Monday, February 9, Saturday, February 11, Monday, February 12, Tuesday, February 22, Friday, April 5, Friday, May 29, Wednesday, May 30, Thursday, June 3, Monday, June 20, Thursday, Registration Day for New Students. Registration Day for Applicants for Advanced Standing. Registration Day for Other Students. Lectures Begin. T hanksgiving Recess. Lectures Close for Christmas Recess. Christmas Recess Ends, Lectures Begi n. Founder's Day. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. Lincoln's Birthday. Washington's Birthday. Towle Prize Debate. Lectures Close. Memorial Day. Examinations Begin. Commencement Day. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW 8 SCHOOLS �III. REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY FOR 1906* ABRAM WINEGARDNER HARRIS, LL.D., President-Elect of the University. THOMAS FRANKLIN HOLGATE, LL.D., Acting President of the University. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, (A. M., LL. B., Harvard University) Professo: of Law and Dean of the Farnlty. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE, (A. M., Yale U;,iversity; LL. B., Harvard University) Associate Professor of Law. , ALBERT MARTIN KALES, (A. B., LL. B., Harvard University) Associate Professor of Law. SAMUEL ADAMS, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE, (A. B., Amherst College; LL. B., Northwestern University) Associate Professor of Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD, (A. M., LL. B., Harvard University) Professor of Law. LOUIS MAY GREELY, (A. B., Harvard University) Professor in the Law of Conveyancing, Mortgages, Carriers, and Commercial Paper. LEVI HARPER FULLER, (B. S., Upper Iowa University; LL. B., Iowa State University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD, (A. M., Dickinson College; LL. M., Cornell University) Professor of Law. •Arranged, with the exception of President and Dean, within each group in the order of seniority of appointment. 4 �REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY. 5 CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Patents. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. Lecturer on Legal Ethics. CHARLES BYRD ELDER, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Instructor in the Law of Extraordinary Legal Remedies and Judgments. HENRY CLAY HALL, U ~ . Wabash College; LL. B., Northwestern University) • ' ' \ • Instructor in the Law of Insurance. A EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM, (A. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Voice Training and Forensics. HENRY LEE PRESCOTT, (A. B., LL. B., Harvard University) Lecturer on Forensics. JOSEPH THOMAS ROBERT, Lecturer on Parliamentary Law. CHARLES ERNEST PICKARD, (A. B., University of Wisconsin) Lecturer on Trade-Mark and Copyright. CHARLES YOE FREEMAN, (A. B., Princeton University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Corporation Practice. HERBERT JACOB FRIEDMAN, (A. B., LL. B., Harvard University) Lecturer on Liens. DWIGHT ST. JOHN BOBB, (A. B., Northwestern University, A. M., LL. B., Harvard University) Lecturer on Public Service Corporations. JOSEPH IGNATIUS KELLY, (A. M., Ph. D., Fordham College; C. E., Pennsylvania Military College; LL. B., Chicago College of Law) Lecturer on Roman Law. ALFRED WILLIAM BAYS, (A. B., Knox College; LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on General Practice. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Secretary of the Law School and of the Faculty. �IV. LOCATION AND EQUIPMENT. The Law School is located in Northwestern University Building, at the corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. This building was acquired and equipped at a cost of nearly one million dollars for the purpose of securing a permanent home for the departments of law, dentistry and pharmacy. It is located ne,a r the center of the business district of Chicago, easy of access from all residence portions of the city. It is within a few blocks of the County, State, and Federal Courts, and hence offers students an opportunity to witness the carrying on of litigation in varied forms. The school occupies 24,000 square feet of space, divided into convenient lecture-rooms, offices and library. The library contains about 20,000 volumes and is being rapidly increased; it now includes all of the official reports of all the American States and Territories, together with their statutes; the entire Reporter System, partly in duplicate; the original English Reports together with the Revised Reports and the English Reprint ; a good collection of legal periodicals, treatises and selected cases. In addition to the above the Library includes the Gary Collections of English Legal Historical Material, Ancient and Oriental Law, American International Law, and Modern Continental Law, the latter being the most complete collection of its kind in the United States. 6 �V. ! REVISED LIST OF COURSES FOR 1906-7. FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM. Introduction to the Study of Law-Private reading, as described in Course A of Prescribed Reading (post, p. 15). Written examinations, with a credit of one term hour. Contracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Contracts. Professor w OODWARD. Torts-Two hours a week. Ames' and Smith's Cases on Torts. Professor WIGMORE. Property ([)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. I, II. ( Personal property; tenures and estates in real property; fixtures, profits, easements, covenants running with land, rents.) Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading and Procedure-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Pleading; Andrew's Stephen on Pleading; practical exercises. Professor ADAMS. SECOND TERM. Contracts (continued)-Three hours a week. Professor WOODWARD. Torts (continued)-Three hours a week. Professor W1GMORE. Property (I) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Crimes and Criminal Procedure-Two hours a week. Beale's Cases on Criminal Law. Professor LEE. Master and Servant in Tort-One hour a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor W1GMORE. Damages-One hour a week. Beale's Cases on Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM, Evidence-Two hours a week. Wigmore's Cases on Evidence. Professor WIGMORE. Trusts-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Trusts. Professor w O0DWARD. Agency-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor LITTLE. 7 �8 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. ~ ~~ Mur a Commercial Paper-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Bills and Notes. Professor GREELEY. Equity Jurisdiction-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (II)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. III, IV. (Acquisition of real property inter vivos, including deeds, covenants, etc. ; devolution of property at death, including descent, wills, administration, etc.) Professor KALES. ~_.,.....,,....I " E P ' s a ~ ~ T w o hours a week. Smith's Cas~s"on Persons. Professor KALES. ,,+ \ ·r // ,./ I \ SECOND TERM. Evidence (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor WIGMORE. Property (II) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. -\' Equity lttrisdiction ( continued)-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity Jurisdiction. Professor ScHOFIELD. / Q1rnsi-Contracts-Three hours a week. Woodruff's Cases on Quasi-Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. [Given in 1906-1907, and alternate years.] Sales of Personality-Three hours a week. Williston's Cases on Sales. Professor WOODWARD. [Given in 1905-1906, and alternate years.] .-- Insurance (Fire and Life)-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Insurance. Mr. HALL. - qui y Pleading an edure- wo hours a week. Thompsonts___Cases on Equity Pleading; an_g.,,practical exercises. -----------Professor ADAMS. / Public Service Corporations (Railroad, Telegraph, Gas, Water, Warehouse, and similar Services)-One hour a week. Beale's and Wyman's Cases on Public Service Corporations. Mr.BOBB. v Liens-One hour a week. Selected cases. Mr. FRIEDMAN. THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. t Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure and Practice iti Illinois-Two hours a week. Professor FOLLANSBEE. International Law (/)-Two hours a week. Scott's Cases on International Law. Professor HYDE. �REVISED LIST OF COURSES. '-j) ' Y 111. / 9 International Law (Il)-American Treaties and Diplomacy; topics for research. Two hours a week. Professor HYDE. Suretyship-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Suretyship. Professor LITTLE. Judgments and Auxiliary Legal Remedies (Attachments, Garnishment, Execution, etc.)-One hour a week. Rood's Cases on AttachMr. ELDER. ments and Judgments. Constitutional Law-Three hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (Ill)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. V, VI. ( Conditional and future interests; restraints on alienation; fraudulent transfers; registration of deeds; conversion and election; joint ownership; curtesy and dower; homestead.) Professor KALES. Conveyancing-One hour a week. Drafting exercises, study of selected abstracts, and lectures on practice. Professor GREELEY. Conflict of Laws-Three hours a week. Beale's Cases on Conflict of Laws. Professor HYDE. Code Pleading and Procedure-One hour a week. Cases on Code Pleading. Professor WoODWARD. Roman Law-One hour a week. Kelly's Select Titles from Justinian's Pandects. Mr. KELLY. Practice Court-Two hours a week, at a single session. Causes prepared and conducted through all details of litigation, by students as attorneys and counselors, under the direction of a professor as judge. Professor FULLER. *Patents of Invention ([)-General Survey. Five lectures. Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II and III will not be given, unless at least twenty special students apply for them before October 15: (ll)-Patent Soliciting. Twenty lectures, with practical exercises. (lll)-Patent Law and Practice. Forty lectures. SECOND TERM. Corporations (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor LITTLE. Corporation Practice-One hour a week. Practical Exercises in conducting corporate legal business, drafting instruments, etc. Mr. FREEMAN. *These three form a single course; the first fart is open to all students; the second and third parts are open to students o the second and third years, and to special students, but cannot be taken separately. The number of lectures is equivalent to two hours a week through the year, and work in the course will therefore be credited as four term hours. �10 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Bankruptcy-Two hours a week. Williston's Cases on Bankruptcy. Professor WOODWARD. Constitutional Law (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. Carriers- Three hours a week. McClain's Cases on Carriers ; Beale's Cases on Carriers. Professor GREELEY. Conveyancing (continued)-One hour a week. Professor GREELEY. Mortgages-Two hours a week. Kirchwey's Cases on Mortgages. Professor GREELEY. Public Officers-One hour a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. [Given in 1905-1906, and alternate years.] Practice Court (continued)-Two hours a week, at a single session. Professor FULLER. Property (III) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Municipal Corporations-One hour a week. Smith's Cases on Municipal Corporations. Professor SCHOFIELD. Partnership-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Partnership. Professor LITTLE. Extraordinary Legal Remedies (Mandamus, Quo Warranto, Habeas Corpus, etc.)-One hour a week. Roberts' Cases on Extraordinary Legal Remedies. Mr. ELDER. Jurisdiction of Federal Courts-One hour a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. The total number of term hours offered for selection in this curriculum is one hundred and five, the equivalent of nearly fifty-three hours a week through the year. The courses being graded as carefully as possible between the three year-groups, no first-year student may take courses in the second or third year-groups without special permission; and no second year student may take courses in the third year-group (except Constitutional Law and Patents of Invention) without special permission; and a third-year student taking the courses of Conveyancing and Property III must already have taken the courses of Property I and IL But any regular student may take any course offered in the group of the year for which he is entered, or any course not already taken by him in a preceeing year. COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE. Trade-Marks and Copyrights-Six lectures. Mr. PICKARD. General Review-Five hours a week for a month; given twice, in September and June, prior to the State examination for admission to the Bar. Mr. BAYS. Professor FOLLANSBEE. Legal Ethics-Five lectures. �LEGAL WRITING, SPEAKING, AND PRACTICE. 11 SCHEDULE OF HOURS. The schedule of hours is so arranged that the courses are given in general as follows:' first year courses, between two and five o'clock in the afternoon; second year courses, between nine and twelve o'clock in the morning; third year courses, between three and seven o'clock in the afternoon. The Practice Court is held in the evening at half past seven. SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. In addition to the systematic instruction in the body of the law, as· represented in the foregoing curriculum, an effort is made to provide adequate training in the practical use of legal knowledge and discipline, as well as in certain important details of legal writing and speaking, which help materially to equip the accomplished lawyer. The various branches of work directed to this end are as follows : 1. Pleadings and Other lnstrnments-In the courses on Common Law Pleading, Code Pleading, and Equity Pleading, in addition to the systematic course of study, the student is given exercises in the drafting of the various kinds of pleadings. In Corporations, the class is formed, during the second term, into two corporations, which organize, elect officers, issue stock, enlarge capital, keep books, consolidate, and do various other acts of corporate business which call for the drafting of instruments and otherwise familiarize the student with the modes of using the legal knowledge required. In the other courses, particularly Commercial Paper, Carriers, Insurance, and the like, particular attention is paid to the study of forms of instruments in common use. 2. Conveyancing-In the course on conveyancing the chief material of the work consists in a series of selected abstracts of title, some fifteen in all, representing the greatest variety of documents and proceedings involving property rights. A separate copy of each abstract is placed in the hands of every member of the class, and a detailed study is made of the various matters of form and substance from the conveyancer's point of view, and with regard to the laws of the different States. Thorough work in this course ought to equip the student as a practical conveyancer at the time of his entering upon his profession. No one may take this course who has not already taken the courses Property I and IL 3. Practice Court-In the several courses of lectures on Procedure and Practice a systematic and detailed survey is taken of the rules of law. In the Practice Court an opportunity is given to the �12 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. third-year students to become practically familiar with these rules by the personal application of them in litigation managed by th~ student himself. The Court's sessions are held weekly, on Thursday evenings, for two hours. During each session from one to three cases are tried, with and without a jury; and other cases are disposed of in various aspects. In the meantime, between the sessions, numbers of causes are being prepared and advanced from stage to stage by the student-attorneys in charge. While the proceedings are dispatched, at the hearings, by the respective attorneys, all other members of the class are required to attend and make notes and report of the work being done, so that each one obtains some benefit also from what is done in his presence by others. A faithful observance of the work of this course ought to give the graduate such an experience in using his legal knowledge as will assist him materially to start in his profession with greater readiness and practical facility. The systematic pursuit of such work under an experienced instructor obtains for the student the same results as a period of desultory service in a law office, and is more economical in time and more thorough and accurate in quality. A copy of the printed Rules of the Practice Court will be mailed to any one upon request. 4. Legal Tactics-For the past four years, on every Monday evening until April, an address was given, by some well-known member of the Bar, upon some topic of practice in which he had had special experience, and in which the communication of personal experience was of special value as a guide to' others. This course has been of particular value to young practitioners already at the Bar, and will be repeated in 1906-1907, with some variations. 5. Theses-It is the desire of the Faculty to encourage original research by students. Any member of the third-year class may therefore obtain credit to an amount not exceeding two term hours by presenting a satisfactory thesis upon some legal topic approved by a member of the Faculty before December 1st. The thesis must be presented on or before May 15th of the year in which the student expects to graduate; it must be printed on the typewriter or otherwise, and is to be kept permanently in the school. The work should be begun not later than December. 6. Legal Forensics. The function of a lawyer, as the persuasive adviser and leader of men, needs for its development some training in oral argument and debate, use of the voice, conduct of meetings, and the like. This instruction has been consolidated into a single graded course continuing through the three years and is required for graduation. Persons entering with advanced standing who have not taken equivalent work elsewhere are subject to the remaining requirements, applicable to the class which they enter, except that a �FORENSIC WRITING AND SPEAKING. 18 candidate for a degree in one year may be exempted from specified parts of the work, or may be required to substitute the second year for the third year work. The course at large is entitled Forensic Writing and Speaking. In the first year it is entitled, Forensics, Lectures and Exercises; in the second year, Moot Court and Public Debate; in the third year, Practical Legal Advice. The credit for work done is as follows : First year, 1 term hour; second year, 1 term hour; third year, 1 term hour. The -first year work is as follows : I. a. Parliamentary Practice; October or Noveinber; (1) Elementary Course, followed by examination; (2) advanced course, followed by examination or thesis; this to be open only to not more than twenty students passing the best examination in the elementary course, and not to be a required part of the wcrk b. Voice Training; October or November; exercises in sections of twelve or fifteen, once a week. c. Legal Argumentation and Briefs; November to April, inclusive; once a week at 3 :45 P. M. ; not more than twenty lectures on Argumentation, accompanied by individual exercises in Oral Forensics and Brief-writing, subject to private correction and public criticism by the instructor. For work done in parts a (I), b, and c. combined, a credit of one term hour is to be allowed. The second year work is as follows : II. a·. Moot Courts. In the second year a Moot Court is held once a week from November 1 to May 1, at 1 :45 P. M. The second year class is divided into two sections, A and B, each section to meet on alternate weeks. The work consists of the preparation and delivery of arguments and opinions of law on statements of facts assigned beforehand. All statements of facts are to be delivered to the counsel in the case by October 1. Each professor presides at three cases consecutively. The chief counsel, two on each side, hold a conference with the Instructor in Forensics four weeks before the day set for argument at an hour appointed on the Bulletin Board; at this conference, each side presents (in separate consultation) an outline of the proposed argument, in the form of brief propositions without citation of authorities, and the Instructor makes such criticism and revision as may seen desirable. One week beforehand the counsel on each side posts on the official bulletin board a copy of their final brief, with citation of authorities in type-writing, or plain hand-writing on legal cap paper, and hands another copy to the opposing side. On the day of argument, a Professor presides as judge, with two members of the section as associate judges. Each attorney assigned is allowed not more than ten minutes for argument �14 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. in chief. All the other members of the same section attend, and each member, not assigned as counsel or judge, makes an argument, not to exceed five minutes, in at least every other case, i. e., at least once every four weeks. The assigned counsel then have not more than five minutes each for closing. The Instructor in Forensics then makes such criticism as may appear necessary, and the presiding judge then does the same, this closing stage to be allotted not more than twenty minutes. An opinion is written by the associate judges and filed at the Secretary's office not later than one week after the date of argument. The mark of each member of the section is determined by his work as counsel, assigned and unassigned, and as judge. No student shall be recommended for a degree ( except by unanimous vote of the Faculty) who has not satisfactorily done the work of this course; except that persons entering the third year class from another School may by vote be excused from this work. b. Public Debate. A student entering the preliminary contests for the Towle Prizes for Public Speaking in April and being selected for the second preliminary and taking part therein, may receive a credit of one term hour. No student shall be eligible for this contest who has not taken the work of I, a, b and c, or the equivalent 111 another School. The third year work is as follows: Ill. a. Legal Advice Clubs. All third year students may enter Legal Advice Clubs, formed by voluntary selection on or before October 10, supplemented by assignments to vacancies by the Secretary of the School; each club to contain not less than four nor more than six members, and to elect a Secretary. Difficult cases arising in actual practice, sent in for advice for alumni or other practitioners, will be submitted to the Clubs in rotation as the cases come in. On 24 hours' notice to the Secretary of the Club the Club is to meet the Dean or a Professor specially in charge, at 3: 15 P. M., in his office, and to discuss the questions involved; a written opinion, citing authorities, is to be handed the Professor specially in charge within seven days or_such other time as may be agreed upon. b. Bureau of Justice. After December 1 not more than ten students are to be assigned for practical office and trial work as assistants in the Chicago Bureau of Justice, University Branch, either to the Settlements or Police Courts, as may appear most practicable. The assignments to be made to those who beforehand file their names with the Secretary of the School, in order of the time of filing and rank of the student in scholarship, but no student having grade C in more than one course to be eligible for assignment. The number of hours of work from each person to be determined by agreement with the Superintendent of the Bureau. (This work is not yet organized for 1906-1907.} �LEGAL HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND JURISPRUDENCE. 15 For work done in part a a credit of one term hour will be allowed each member of a club; provided that club has furnished not less than eight cases in the year. PRESCRIBED COURSE OF READING IN LEGAL HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND JURISPRUDENCE, BEGINNING WITH 1905-06. Course A. (First Year). Introduction to Legal History and the Study of the Law. Materials for prescribed reading: (a) Blackstone's Commentaries (any edition): Introduction, Sections 1-4; Book I, Chapters 1, 2, 5, 9; Book III, Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Book I, Chapters 11, 12; Book III, Chapters 17-19, 20-24, 25, 26, 27; Book IV, Chapters 19-24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32; Book II, Chapters 4, 5; Book IV, Chapter 33. · (b) Woodruff's Introduction to the Study of Law. (c) Wambaugh's Study of Cases. Course B. (Second Year). History of the Bench and Bar. Materials for prescribed reading: (a) Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors (beginning with the life of Lord Hardwicke), and (b) of the following biographies, any one of the English and any two of the American works : Campbell's Lives of the Chief Justices (beginning with Lord Holt); Arnould's Life of Lord Denman; Autobiography of Lord Campbell; O'Brien's Life of Lord Russell; Life and Letters of Joseph Story; Harvey's Reminiscences ( or Lodge's Life) of Daniel Webster; Brown's Life (or Neilson's Memories) of Rufus Choate; Memoirs and Letters of James Kent; Memoirs of S. S. Prentiss; Ca ton's Bench and Bar of Illinois; Carson's History of the Federal Supreme Court; Magruder's Life of John Marshall. Course BB. (Second Year; Optional). History of the English Legal System. Materials for reading: (a) Pollock and Maitland's History of the English Law, Volume 1; and (b) any one of the following works: Pollock and Maitland's History, Volume 2; Holmes' The Common Law; Stephen's History of the Criminal Law; Selected Essays on Legal History (as contained in the list on file in the office of the School). Course C. (Third Year.) 1. Jurisprudence. Materials: any one work under each of the following two divisions: (a) Analytical Jurisprudence: Austin's Jurisprudence; Holland's Jurisprudence; Terry's Principles of Anglo-American Law. (b) Historical Juris- �16 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. prudence: Maine's Ancient Law; Fustel de Coulange's Ancient City; Lee's Historical Jurisprudence. or 2. International Law. Materials as prescribed in the regular course of lectures, International Law 1. or 3. Roman Laws. Materials: Any one of the following texts: Gaius' Institutes, edited by Poste; Justinian's. Institutes, edited and translated by Moyle; Selected Titles from Justinian's Pandects, edited and translated by Kelly (this being the text used in Mr. Kelly's course of lectures given in the school). or 4. History of Germanic Law. Materials: Any one of the following works: Heusler's Institutionen des deutschen Rechts; Brunner's Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte; Brissaud's Manuel d' histoire du droit francais. Regulations for the foregoing work: (1) For grad :1ation, a credit of not less than Grade C, averaged for the whole three courses, must have been obtained in Course A, Course B and Course C, 1 or 2 or 3 or 4. (2) A credit of one term hour will be given on passing the examination in each one of the above courses of reading as well as in the optional Course BB. A student may cumulate these credits, by passing in Course BB or Course C, 2, 3, or 4, or all, in addition to the required minimum of three courses prescribed under Rule 1, above. (3) An examination will be held at the beginning of the first term of the year and at the end of the second term in all of the courses, and, for Course A, also at the end of the first term, but notice must be filed in the Secretary's Office at least two days before the announced date of examination by each student intending to take it. Students are urged to do the required reading during the summer vacation, and thus to avoid carrying the work in connection with the regular curritulum. A student failing at any examination may take the next regular examination, if he has reviewed the work. A student may take any of these examinations at any time after entering the School, no matter to what class he belongs. A student entering with advanced standing need not take Course A. (5) A student who, at a college or a Law School, has already obtained credit for work equivalent to Course C, 1, 2, 3, or 4, will be given credit for that Course as required in this School; but may also obtain credit by doing the work of any remaining Courses not elsewhere taken. (6) No lectures are given in any of these Courses (except C, �LEGAL COURSE FOR BANKERS. 17 2 and 4, the lecture courses of International Law and Roman Law) ; the work is done by private study. But the courses are under the supervision of the Dean who will give any desired advice on the subjects of study. (7) The credit in any of the Courses C will count as one of the required ten term hours of the Third Year. (8) Students are recommended to own the books named, if they can afford to purchase them. But the School will provide a sufficient number of duplicate copies of the books named for the prescribed reading. (9) The requirement of the above Courses for graduation applies to students entering the School after June r, r905, and to no others. LEGAL COURSE IN BANKING. During the academic year 1906-7, the members of the Faculty of Law School will conduct a course in law for members of the American Institute of Bank Clerks. This course will be known as a Legal Course for Bankers, and will comprise such part of the following subj ects as relate particularly to bankers and banking: Contracts, Bills and Notes, Corporations, Trusts, Agency, Partnership, Municipal Corporations, Suretyship, Bankruptcy. Instruction in the course will be given by the present members of the Faculty and membership will be open only to members of the American Institute of Bank Clerks. The course is designed to meet a demand in the larger banks throughout the country for men having some knowledge of law ; in fact, in many of the banks the passing of an examination in some of the above mentioned subjects, limited, of course, to their particular application to banks and banking, is required as a preliminary for promotion. At present the Institute of Bank Clerks provides for instruction through a correspondence course directed by instructors in two recognized Eastern law schools; the course in this School is designed to offer additionally to its members who may be able to attend personally the advantage of residence-work over that of correspondence-study. �VI. TUITION FEES; SCHOLARSHIPS; PRIZES. The tuition fee for regular students is one hundred and five dollars a year, payable in three installments of thirty-five dollars each, October 1st, January 10th, and March 31st. A rebate of five dollars is allowed to students who pay the entire tuition in advance on October 1st. Special students are charged at the rate of five dollars for each hour of class-room work for a half year. The fee for the course in Patent Law is twenty-five dollars. In addition to the tuition fee, in all cases, a matriculation fee of five dollars is charged, payable once only, upon entering the School. The fee for the course in General Review is ten dollars to members or graduates of this school; to all others the fee is fifteen dollars. NOTICE OF CHANGE IN FEES IN 1907. Commencing with the academic year of 1907-08, the fee for regular students will be ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE dollars a year. Special students will be charged at the rate of six dollars for each hour of class-room work for a half year. This change in the rate of tuition will not apply to students registered prior to the beginning of the academic year of 1907. Scholarships for Students. Eight assistant librarians and monitors are appointed annually. These receive one hundred dollars each in compensation for their services. Applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of the Law School. Prizes. 1. The Towle Prizes.-A first prize of $100, and a second prize of $50, the gift of Henry Sargent Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law School Committee of the Board of Trustees, will be awarded to the students who shall, in public competition, be adjudged most proficient in debate. In 1905-1906 the Towle Prize of $100 was awarded to James Jackson Forstall, B. S., of Chicago, a member of the second-year class, and the Towle Prize of $50 to Lawrence Alfred Cohen, of Chicago, a member of the second-year class. The question debated concerned the right of jury-trial for persons charged with the violation of an injunction or restraining order. 18 �PRIZES. 19 2. The Follansbee Prize.-A prize of $50, the gift of Mitchell Davis Follansbee, Esq., will be awarded to the writer of the best thesis on some subject relating to Legal Ethics. In 1905 the Follansbee Prize was awarded to Norris Burt Cline, of Chicago. 3. The Hyde Prize.-This prize, the gift of Charles Cheney Hyde, Esq., consists of the interest on a fund of $700, and is awarded not oftener than once in two years to the writer of the best thesis on some subject of International Law. The Charles Cheney Hyde Prize was not awarded in 1905. 4. The MacChesney Prizes.-A first prize, to consist of a framed etched or engraved portrait of one of the distinguished American or English jurists named on page 15 (to be selected by the prize-winner), and a second prize, to consist of the complete works of one of the distinguished American or English legal authors named on page 17 (to be selected by the prize-winner), offered by Nathan William MacChesney, Esq., will be awarded to those of the second or third year classes who shall submit before June 1 in each year the best paper or essay on some topic connected with the subjects of Courses B, BB, and C, in the Courses of Reading on Legal History, Legal Biography, and Jurisprudence. The prizes will be awarded by a committee consisting of the Dean of the School, the Editor-in-Chief of the Illino is Law R eview, and one other person to be selected by them; and the successful papers will be published in the Illinois Law Review. 5. The Callaghan Prize.-A prize of $50 in books, to be selected from their own publications, the gift of Messrs, Callaghan and Company, of Chicago, will be awarded annually to the member of the graduating class having the best record in scholarship for the entire course. In 1905 the Callaghan Prize was awarded to Rex Mackenzie, A. B., of Chicago. �VIL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. A. Admission. Persons applying for admission as regular students must answer the following requirements : 1. Age.-They must be not less than eighteen years of age. 2. Preliminary, Education.-A candidate for a degree must have a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school. For proof of such education any one of the following instruments will be accepted: A diploma from an accredited high school; a certificate showing admission as a regular student to the college of liberal arts of this university or to any college in good standing; or, a certificate from the principal of a high school or a superintendent of schools showing that the applicant has satisfactori.!J complet1;,d a three years' English course, consisting ofvAlgebra, Geometry, Ancient 1 History, Physiology, Rhetoric, PhyMcs, and Physical Geography, each one year; Bookkeepin~ and Medireval and · Modern History, with special reference to Engl'ish and Ameri'6n History, one year; ~nglish and Amyrcan Literature, one year; and English ~omposit1on, one year. ,vhere proof is offered in the last mentioned form, in case of the omission by the applicant of any one or more of the studies named, except English and American History and Literature, the equivalent of such omitted study or studies, in any science, or in any classical or modern language (Latin being especially recommended), will be accepted in lieu of such omitted study or studies. Where the applicant has not pursued the studies for which the certificate is issued in a school under the supervision of the principal or superintendent issuing said certificate, proof must be made on a required blank form, a copy of which may be had from the Secretary of the Law School. The requirements stated and form of proof are also the academic requirements of the Supreme Court of Illinois of all applicants for admission to the bar, but students are urged to pursue at least a part of a regular college course before entering the law school. CHANGE IN ACADEMIC REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION. Beginning with the academic year 1907-08 applicants for admission to the Law School as regular students will be 20 �REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. 21 required to present proof of academic training equivalent to that of a four-year high-school course. Advanced Standing. The requirements in regard to advanced standing are explained under the title "Degrees." Special Students. Persons not desiring to be candidates for a degree may pursue one or more courses as special students, provided they are qualified to pursue such courses to advantage. They will receive a certificate of all work done, and they may at any time enter as candidates for a degree, provided they were substantially qualified under the above requirements at the time of first entering the school. No special student may take more than twenty-five termhours of work in one year without special permission from the Dean. B. Graduation and Degrees. All degrees are conferred at the general University Commencement. On this occasion all candidates for degrees are required to present themselves in person, the Oxford cap and gown being worn as the official dress. I. Bachelor of Laws. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred ·by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School. Such students will be recommended as, in the judgment of the Faculty, are of fit character and have complied with the following requirements : I. Length of Attendance-Regular attendance for three years is required of all students, with the following exceptions: 1. Students who have studied law for one year, either in a college or a law school in good standing, may obtain a degree in two years. 2. Students who have satisfacto..rily completed two years' study in a law school in good standing may obtain a degree in one year. 3. Students who have satisfactorily completed one year's study in a law school in good standing, and who have also studied law for one year in a college or law school in good standing, may become candidates for a degree in one year by obtaining special permission from the Dean. �22 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. All applications for advanced standing must be presented before November 1st of the applicant's year of entrance. Candidates for a degree must register for work amounting to at least ten hours a week for each year. II. Course of Study-All candidates for a degree must pass examinations in courses amounting to sixty-six term hours (the equivalent of courses of study of eleven hours a week for three years) ; provided that in reckoning the total number of term-hours required for graduation there must be included at least ten hours of credit obtained in each term of the third year. Persons who have satisfactorily completed a two-years' course of study in a law school in good standing may be given credit for this work and he excused from no more than one-half of the examinations above required. Persons who have satisfactorily completed less than two years' study of law in a college or law school in good standing, may be given credit for this work and be excused fr om these examinations to such extent as shall be determined in each case by the Dean. The specific subjects in which such credit may be given will be determined by the Secretary at the time of admission. Four grades are given for work done. The grades are as follows: A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure. A student may not count a course in which he obtains grade C, unless he obtains grade A in another course or courses of equivalent amount; and except that he may count courses in which he obtains grade C to the extent of one-sixth of the total work required to be done by him in this School for graduation. II. Master's Degree. The Master's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters will be conferred under the following conditions: A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or of some other in which the requirements for the Bachelor's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters are equivalent to the requirements for the same degree at this University, may obtain the Master's degree at the same time with the degree of Bachelor of Laws by pursuing, with the sanction of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, advanced work in subjects approved by that Faculty, and obtaining credit in such work to the amount of twelve semester-hours; and by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses of study may, in part or entirely, deal with legal subjects; but courses of legal study, in order to count for the degree, must be (a) of an advanced nature; ( b) not otherwise counted for the degree of Bach- �DEGREES. 23 elor of Laws; (c) pursued under the direction of a member of the Faculty of the Law School. Students in law, intending to become candidates for the Master's degree, must register for the same in the College of Liberal Arts and in the Law School on or before the first Monday in October of the year in which they expect to graduate, and must pay the diploma fee of ten dollars. The Master's degree is open upon the same terms to graduates of the Law School who register before the October next following the completion of their professional course. The following subjects have been approved by the Faculty of Liberal Arts, and work therein may be counted for the Master's degree: Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History. l �VIII. ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. 1. Contributions to the Library by Hon. Elbert H.Ga,ry, '67. During the past few years l\;Ir. Gary has made several valuable gifts to the Law School Library, the last one noted in the Bulletin being the Gary Collection of Continental Jurisprudence, now known as the Gary Collection of Modern Continental Law. During the present year Mr. Gary by further contributions has enabled the School to complete the official reports of all the American States and Territories, add digests of the reports of the more important States, and secure many of the more important American treatises heretofore lacking. In English material he has made it possible to complete the official reports, and to add a special collection of English Historical matter, of a legal nature, printed before 1700 and not already found in some Chicago library. In addition to these contributions Mr. Gary has established the nucleus of two interesting and valuable collections that will tend to add much to the usefulness and to the reputation of the library. These collections may be described as follows: 1. American International Law-This will include all printed material relating to American International Law and Diplomacy not already accessible to students of the law residing in Chicago. 2. Ancient and Oriental Law-This collection is to include (1) for Europe, the printed sources of Germanic, Scandinavian and Slavic Law up to the end of the Middle Ages; including the Lex Salica and kindred laws and ordinances; the legal documents, records of local customs, etc., so far as printed; (2) for Asia and Africa, and Oceanica, the laws and customs of primitive or extinct tribes and peoples, and the more developed systems, such as the Hindu and Mohammedan. Geographically, therefore, this will cover Afghanistan, Armenia, Caucasus, Persia, India, East Indies, China, Japan, Siam, Mongolia and Siberia, African tribes, Oceanica, and Australia. By systems, it will include the Hindu, Mohammedan, Hebrew, Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, and Japanese sys24 �ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. 25 terns. It will not include in the present plan the modern colonial law of Germany, France, Great Britain, Spait), Nether lands, Denmank, Portugal, and Italy, so far as the legislation of those countries has affected the indigenous law of their colonies; but it will include the modern legislation of the above great systems in the independent countries which still maintain them, i. e., Turkey, China, Japan, Siam, and Persia. So far, however, only Turkey and Japan are thus represented in the collection. The nucleus of this department has been a collection sold by M. Paul Genthner, of Paris, and formed from the libraries of Professors Dermesteter, Gaston Paris, Jules Oppert, Blonde!, and two others; it came recently into the market, and included many treatises in pamphlets and old editions, which are difficult to procure on demand, but contained few of the large treatises which may be procured on order without difficulty. It thus furnished the best sort of a nucleus for such a library. A fuller description of it is given in the Green Bag for March, 1906. The value of such a collection, when fairly completed, to students of comparative law, and to researchers in all branches of history and politics, it is hardly necessary to point out. 2. Towle Prize Debate. The annual debate for the Towle Prizes consisting of one hundred dollars and fifty dollars each, was held in Booth Hall, Friday evening, April 6th. The following students were selected by the Committee in charge of the preliminaries as best qualified for the final contest: Messrs. William Capron, Jr., Lawrence A. Cohen, Milton P. Firestone, James J. Forstall, Andrew A. Martin, and Harry L. Shaver, with Benjamin E. Cohan and Samuel R. Rabinoff as alternates. The question: "Resolved, that a person charged with contempt of court in violating an injunction or restraining order should have the right to a trial by jury," proved to be of unusual public interest, as was evidenced by the large attendance. The first prize of one hundred dollars was awarded to James Jackson Forstall, B. S., and the second prize of fifty dollars to Lawrence A. Cohen. Robert E. Pendarvis, Esq., presided, and Miss Jane Addams, Milton J. Foreman, Esq., and Luther Laflin Mills, Esq., served as judges. �26 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. 3. Abel Davis, '02, Recorder for Cook County, Illinois. Alumni will be interested in these days of charges of misconduct and incompetency against public officials to learn that Mr. Davis, one of the recent graduates of the Law School, is commended in an article in the Real Estate News for March for the businesslike methods he has introduced in the conduct of his office and for his freedom from political influence. Some of the improvements noted are in the lessening of time required for recording deeds from three weeks to one week ; the making of his own entry sheets on the typewriter from the original document instead of accepting those of abstract companies; the introduction of the system of copying the records by typewriter, which will ultimately wholly do away with the present longhand method of copying, thereby greatly improving the records themselves and reducing the number of persons employed at copying from about 115 to 70. Mr. Davis is also making a complete index from the time of the Chicago fire to all recorded maps, plats, and subdivisions ; a complete index of divorces granted in Cook County from the time of the Chicago fire, and an improved system of judgment indexes from which divorce decrees are eliminated-all of this without extra expense to the County. In the administration of his office Mr. Davis has practically eliminated political influence, employees are required to be informed on land titles and the description of property. Time sheets are kept and every employee is required to sign his name and the hour for which he reports for work. Office hours formerly from 8 :30 to 4 :30, are now from 8 to 5, with a half holiday as heretofore on Saturdays. Employees who are tardy are fined, and in case of illness full pay is allowed and the Recorder kept informed of the condition and needs of the sick employee by a messenger from the office. Zeal and ability of this sort in a public officer is so refreshing that doubtless this account of the work of Mr. Davis �ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. 27 will be gratefully received by fellow alumni and by the bar at large. It may be added that Charles George Little, Esq., Associate Professor in this Faculty, has by Mr. Davis' appointment, been Chief Examiner of Titles in the Title-Registration Office for the past year, since the death of Mr. Sheldona merited tribute to Mr. Little's repute as a careful and skillful conveyancer. 4. Lectures on Legal History and Biography, by John Maxey Zane, Esq., of the Chicago BM. The first in a. series of six lectures on Legal History and Biography, by Mr. Zane, was given in Hurd Hall on Friday evening, February 23, and continued weekly thereafter on Friday evenings. These lectures were open without charge to alumni and members of the Chicago bar, and the attendance and interest manifested throughout the course was a tribute to the unusual learning of the lecturer and to his skill in arranging the material contained in the addresses. The School was exceptionally fortunate in securing Mr. Zane for these lectures, and both the Bar and the School are obligated to him for his effort. Titles of the six lectures are given below : LECTURE I. English lawyers during the Golden Age of the common law from the Norman Conquest to the accession of Edward I in 1272, including Glanville and Bracton. LECTURE II. English lawyers during the Silver Age of the common law from the accession of Edward I to the death of Edward III in 1377, including the earlier Year Books. LECTURE III. English lawyers during the Bronze Age of the common Jaw from the death of Edward III to the accession of Henry VII in 1485, including Fortesque and Littleton. �28 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. LECTURE IV, English lawyers during the Iron Age of the common law from Henry VII to the Revolution of 1688, including the rivalry of Bacon and Coke. LECTURE V. Continuation of the above period, including Hale and Jeffreys. LECTURE VI. The Reformation of the common law under the English legal reformers, and the gradual amalgamation of the common law and the chancery system. 5. ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL ALUMNI BANQUET, 1906. The annual banquet of the alumni of the Law School will be held Thursday evening, .June 14. One of the new features of this banquet will be the presence of a lawyer of national reputation as the guest of the Association. BE SURE AND RESERVE THE DATE. IX. REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The Alumni Association has been engaged in forming local Branches of the Association in every State and Territory in which there are Alumni of the School, as well as in each judicial district of Illinois outside of Cook County. A Secretary has been appointed in nearly every one of these jurisdictions-some fifty-four in all-and with the further perfection of organization a Vice-President will also be selected for each Branch. The object of the formation of these Branches is to promote mutual acquaintance and helpfulness among those alumni who are locally associated in practice. The list of officers selected up to the present date, as furnished by Marion H. McKinney, Esq., General Secretary of the Association ( 100 Washington St., Chicago), is as follows: �OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Vice-President Secretary. Alabama William H. H. Judson, '65, Arizona Frederick S. Nave, '97, Henry B. Wilkinson, '99, Bessemer. Tucson. Phoenix. California (Northern) Theodore W. Hubbard, '96, California (Southern) George P. Adams, '87, Colorado A. Lee Doud, Parrott Bldg., San Francisco. Bullard Block, Los Angeles. 715 Ernest & Cramner Bldg.. Denver. Georgia Ebenezer Wakely, '71, Idaho Albert J. Green, '87, Val Dosta. Moscow. James E. Babb, '84, Lewiston. Indiana Thaddeus M. Talcott, Jr., '96, Indian Ter. Harry Campbell, Iowa Robt. L. Welch, '03, Kansas Theodore H. Morrison, '95, Kentucky J . Clyde Nelson, '88, Michigan Henry F. Metzger, '97, South Bend. Sapulpa, 1. T. Knoxville. 1604 Fairmont Ave., Wichita. Sharpsburg. Sault Ste. Marie. Minnesota Hon. Homer B. Dibell, '90A. B. Choate, '83, Duluth. 410 Temple Court, Minneapolis. Missouri Jacob A. Harzfeld, '97, Montana Richard A. Harlow, '85, Nebraska 525 New York Life Bldg., Kansas City. Helena. Hon. William J. Bryan,'84Alonzo P. Tarbox, '91, Lincoln. Bennett. New Eng. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott,'83William F. Poole, Jr., '93, Wolfborough New Jersey 29 185 Franklin St., Boston. Oliver L. Brown, '94, 26 Telephone Bldg., Newark. �80 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Secretary. Vice-President New Mexico John H. Stingle, Albuquerque. New York Andrew M. Adams, '97, Albuquerque. Hon. E. H . Gary, '67, William F. Myers, '93, New York City. Amsterdam. N. Carolina James L. Curtis, '93, N. Dakota Edward R. Sinkler, '%, Ohio Joseph D. Kerr, '84, Oklahoma Raleigh. Grafton. Hicksville. George G. Barnes, '05, Oklahoma City. Oregon Charles H. Glos, '94, Pennsylvania Forest G. Moorhead, '01, S. Dakota John F. Whitlock, '82, Texas Edward W. Hander, '94, Utah Robert N. Freeman, '79, Virginia Clare E. Crawford, '97, Washington Howard N. Waterman, '00, Wisconsin John K. Fish, '94 Wyoming Charles F. Mallin, '94, Dist. of Col. Phillip E. Winter, '83, Hawaii Carl S. Smith, '96, Japan Abo Shiosuke, '93, Mexico Switzerland 218 Chamber of Commerce, Portland. Beaver. Forest City. W11co. Salt Lake City. Elmont. Boston Block, Seattle. Old Insurance Bldg., Milwaukee. Cheyenne. 814 "A," South East, Washington. Hilo. Tokyo. Hon. Wm. A. McLaren, 1 A Independencia 36, Mexico City, Mex. Joseph S. Kennard, Lausanne, Switzerland. �OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. 31 BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS. JUS, 7. Secretary. Aaron J. Gould, Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock, '82, Charles H . Holt, '92, Frank C. Van Sellar, '97, Thomas N. Cofer, '96, John A. Barber, '97, 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. John D. Gray, '94, Conrad G. Gumbart, '95, Frank S. Fulton, '97, William L. McMahan, '92, Charles B. Campbell, '97, Wellington H. Shay, '94, William J . Sweeney, 95, Solon W. Crowell, 96, William M. Mercer, '01, John E. Goembel, '91, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Address. Bone Gap. Edwardsville. Salem. Paris. Charleston. Farmers' Nat'l Bank Bldg., Springfield. Havana. Macomb. 419 Observatory Bldg., Peoria. Lincoln. 27 Arcade Bldg., Kankakee. Streator. Rock Island. Oregon. 337 Coulter Blk., Aurora. 502 E. State St., Rockford. �X. LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE YEAR 1905-1906. Adams, Cyrus H., Jr., THIRD YEAR. A. B. Princeton University. Chicago. Anderson, George Fridolf, V'Asher, vValter Simpson, Chicago. Winnetka. t---'Atherton, Leslie Campbell, Becker, John Richard, Bell, Benj. S., ~ Brink, Hal L., Brothers, William Vincent, Browne, John Maxwell, ~ Bugee, John Arthur, Burns, William Cullen, Candee, Robert, Goose Island. Sycamore. Cable. Chicago. Chicago. Saratoga Springs, N. Y. Chicago. Oswego·, Kans. Evanston. A. B. Northwestern University. A. B. Princeton University. Capron, William Jr., Marion. Cohan, Benjamin Edwai:d, Co11ins, Kenneth Prentice, Colton, Chauncey Corey, Chicago. Chicago. Danvers, Mass. Cutting, Robert Myron, Chicago. Davis, Warren Marcus, Oakland, Cal. Dickinson, Frances Reynolds, Chicago. University of Illinois. B. S. Dartmouth College. A. B. University of Michigan. · University of California. A. B. Harvard University. v·'Eastman, Charles John, Eddy, Morton Hoit, Winnetka. Chicago. A. B. Williams College. Engstrom1 _ Ebenezer Washington, Evanston. · A. B. .Northwestern University. Chicago. Sugar Grove. Plymouth. Finerty, John F., Jr., vFinley, George Alvin, Garnett, Elmer Logan, A. B. University of Illinois. Goldstine, Isaac Oscar, Haight, William Harrison, Chicago . Cambridge, Wis. Hinckley, Francis Edward, Chicago. B. L. University of Wisconsin. A. B. Cornell University. Hunt, Anthony, Winnetka. Johnston, William Walter, Chicago. B. A. Harvard University. 32 �NAMES OF STUDENTS. Kolb, Theodore Augustus, Niles. Krause, Hu~o Foster, Chicago. VLibonati, Michael Ernest, Lucius, Albert Edward, Chicago. Chicago. Concordia College. Ph. B. Mi1waukee State Normal School. A. B. University of Michigan. Martin, Andrew Aloysius, Mies, Frank Peter, Chicago. Saunemin. Milchrist, Frank Thomas, Moore, Willis Samuel, McCord, Downer, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. McKinney, Fred Landin, Piqua, Ohio. McNeili. Robert Lincoln, Decatur. Nordhold, Robert J., Peacock, Ernest, Chicago. Chicago. Pirosh, George B., Pitte, Hugo Lewis, Rich Ernest Paul Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. B. S. Northwestern University. A. B. Yale University. B. S. Northwestern University. A. H. Illinois College. B. A. Wheaton College. Newton Normal College. -f" Ridgely, Claude V., Romans, Harold Alben, Romans, John Brown, Rundall Charles Owen, Northwestern University. Olney. Denison, Iowa. Denison, Iowa. Chit;ago. Secord, Frederick, Smietanka, Alexander Michael, Steinbrecher, Paul, Straus, Ira E., Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago . Taylor, David W., Thomason, Samuel Emory, Chicago. Chicago. University of Chicago. , /.. A. B. University of Michigan. V Vlachos Andrew John Chicago. Von Ammon, Ernest Carl, Warner, George Raymond, v Wengierski, Julius Francis, • Whitfield, Garland Quinche, Chicago. Somonauk. Chicaro. Jackson, Miss. LL. B. University of Greece. Ph~B. University of Chicago. Winnen, Victor Charles, Wilcox, Jesse Franklin, Winston, Garrard Bi~elow, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Yates, Robert Mortimer, Ramsey. A. B. Yale University. 88 �BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. 84 SECOND YEAR. Adams, Francis, Jr., Chicago. Allely, George Joseph, Allen, Harry Irwin, Chicago. Huntington, Ind. Ballard1 Howard Thompson, Hamp den, Mass. Barry, Arthur Joseph, Bennett, Robert F., Chicago. Marion. Beveridge, Glen LeRoy, Bieszki, Henry Albert, Blu, Elmer Francis, Litchfield. Chicago. Milford. Bogheas, Demetrius, Chicago. Brown, Earle Wesley, Callahan, James Edwin, Carmody, Michael Lawrence, Cohen, Lawrence Alfred, Crossman, George William, Davenport Kenneth Howard, Genoa. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Edwardsville. Creston, Iowa. Dodson, Harry Lea, Dvorak, Henry, Forstall, James Jackson, Chicago. Chica.go. Chicago. Fox, George Arthur, Woodland, Mich. Frake, Allen, Chicago. A. B. Amherst College. B. S. Northwestern University. B. A. Amherst College. B. S. Valparaiso College. B. S. Northwestern University. University of Greece. A. B. Northwestern University. B. S. Princeton University. B. A. University of Michigan. · A. B. University of Chicago. Frantz, Ezra Jacob, Fuller, Earl Delos, Gillson Charles Burton, Cerro Gordo. Joliet. Wilmette. Grandberg, Oscar Emil, Gregory, Frederick LaRue, Chicago. Jacksonville. Griffin, John Joseph, Grow, Oscar, Hansen, Edwin Carsten, Hausser, Arthur H. W., Chicago. Osage, Iowa. Chicago. Chicago. Henn, WiJJiam Eugene, Hill, Roy Wilson, • Chicago. Chicago. Houghteling, James Lawrence, Jr., Winnetka. Howison, Hugh Alexander, Chicago. S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. B. S. Illinois College. Northwestern University. B. S. Rose Polytechnic Institute. B. A. Yale University. Armour Institute. �NAMES OF STUDENTS. Huszagh, Harold, Chicago. Jarrell, James Thomas, Jr., Felton, Dela. Kaufman, Saling I., Krusemark, Albert, Lilienstein, Arthur Webster, Lindskog, Thomas, Marshall, Robert Ferguson, Morgan, George Gurnea, Chicago. Frankfort. Petersburg. Chicago. Harvard. Wheaton. Morrissey, Michael Patrick, Murphy, John Cushing, Myers, Earl Lucian, Mccaughan, Philip N., McNeil.,_ Oswell Laurie, Winterset, Iowa. Chicago. Sugar Grove. Chicago. Decatur. Nash, Albert Henry, Elizabeth. Nichols, George Richmond, Jr., Bozeman, Mont. Rathje, Frank Carl, Rawson, William Dixon, Rich, Stanley, Chicago. Chicago . Chicago. Richter, Edward Lewis, Rueber, Charles Arthur, Shaver, Harry Lloyd, Smith, Frank 0 ., Chicago. Oronoco, Minn. Chicago. Ransom. Smoot, Harry Edward Petersburg. Starke, Charles Henry, Stevens, Ernest James, Chicago. Chicago. Stevens, George Marsden, Chicago. Strauss, Samuel Arthur, Sunderbruch, Jens Frederick, Chicago. Davenport, Iowa. Swanson, Charles Edward, Clearfield, Iowa. Tanigoshi, Katsutaro, Wakayama, Japan. Townsend, Barry Eyre, Chicago. Van Ryper, J.:mes Reynolds, Welles, Harry Norton, Willson, Royal Andrew, Winterbottom, Joseph Erastus, New Carlisle, Ind. Elmwood. Evanston. Jacksonville. Woodbury, Homer Whallon, Oak Park. Lewis Institute. A. B. Dickinson College. B. S. Wheaton College. B. ::,. Illinois College. Northwestern University. Leland Stanford, Jr., University. B. S. Hobart College. B. S. Northwestern University. A. B. Northwestern University. Ph. B. University of Chicago. B. S. Northwestern University. Cornell University. A. B. Knox College. University of Wisconsin. Princeton University. A. B. Illinois College. 85 �36 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. FIRST YEAR. Arthur, William Reed, Topeka, Kans. Barnes, Cecil, Chicago. Bauer, Lester Louis, Brown, Edward Eagle, Chicago. Chicago. Browne, John Maxwell, Butler, LeRoy Dawson, Butz, Robert Otto, Carlson, Tulius Goodwin, Chicago. Madison, Wis. Winnetka. M errill, Wis. Carroll, John Charles, Jr., Clapp, Gardie, Cumnock, Claude Buchanan, Chicago. Mazon. Evanston. Dean, William Dwight, E vanston. DeLaney, Clarence Martin, Didier, Gustave Philip, Chicago. Chicago. Dunham, H . Munroe, Farrell, Harry Michael, Fehrman, Henry J., Felgar, Harry Hardy, Firestone, Milton P ., Grand Rapids, Mich. Creston, Iowa. Evanston. Bowen. St. Paul, Minn. Fowler, Glesner, Frederick, Wilson David, Freundlich, Alexander, Gardner, Harry Newton, Greenberg, Samuel, Harris, Amos Leroy, Hoover, Loring R., Jarecki, Edmund Kasper, Johnson, Clyde Philip, Johnson, James Richard, Jordan, Carl Francis, Jordan, Frank, Kandlik, George, Karr, Richard Freeman, Katz, Sidney Morris, Kendall, Rufus, Knight, Homer Stone, Lindsay, Alexander Pitcairn, Clinton, Mo. Chicago. Chicago. Falls City, Nebr. West Pullman. Casey. Elkhart, Ind. Chicago. Plymouth. Chicago. Burlington, Iowa. Cortland, Ill. Chicago. Sheldon. Chicago. Watsek .;. Chicago. Pittsburg, Pa. B. A. Washburn College. A. M. Harvard University. A. B. Harvard University. B. S. Northwestern University. Northwestern University. A. B. Yale University. St. Gregory's College. University of Minnesota. A. B. College of the Academy of the New Church. �NAMES OF STUDENTS. Love, Stephen Wentzel, Chicago. Lowe, Sylvester Tucker, Long, William Henry, Llabres, Louis, Martin, Isaac Crouse, Mewhirter, David Oifford, Mount, Earl Burner, Morris, Eugene Percivall, Morawski, Sigismond Albert, 1, ard, Idaho. Marshalltown, Iowa. Arroyo, Puerto Rico. Himtingdon, Pa. Yorkville, Ill. Des Moines, Iowa. Watseka. Chicago. McCarthylo Justin Francis, Chicago. McKenna, John Edward, O'Donnell Joseph Dugan, Chicago . Chicago. Oleson, George Arthur, Chicago. Olson, Olaf Adolph, Oughton, John Richard, Jr., Philp, Leonard Haecker, Ransom, Albert Richardson, Reubens, Harry Jr., Rickcords1 • Francis Stanley, Chicago. Dwight. Polo . Newton. Glencoe. Chicago. Rabinoff, Samuel Randolph, Rothwell, Henry Phillip, Schade!,_ Robert Lyman, Chicago. Chicago . Warren. Schmaus, Edward Thomas, Simmons, Forrest Dale, Slosson, Frank Steele, Snapp, Dorrance Dibell, Spengler, Walter J., Stafford, James Henry, Staub, Casper, Jr., Steinbrecher, George, Stylinski, Stanislaw, Taylor, Orville James, Jr., Tyrrelli.. Joseoh Thomas, Ohio. Kalamazoo, Mich. Chicago. Joliet. Chicago. Chicago . Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Sioux City, Iowa. Evanston. Vail, Karl V., Verde, Vicenzo, Whipple, Merrick Ames, Wieboldt, Werner Augustus, Zelensky, Mitchell Abraham, Chicago . Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. LL. B. Imperial Austrian Cracov University. Imperial Vienna University. A. B. :,t. Ignatius College. A. B. St. Ignatius College. Lewis Institute. A. B. Yale University. A. Ji. Beloit College. A. Ji. St. Ignatius. 37 �88 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. SPECIAL. Barry, David Henry, Bates, Jeanette, Chicago. Chicago. Barstow, Alfred Evanston. Boyd, Gordon, Burns, James Francis, Chandler, H. A. Ernest, Chicago. Chica,f!O. Victory; Wis. Colwell, Clyde C., Chicago. Cooper, Bernhard S., Dewey, Charles Sehweldt, Chicago. Chicago. Fisher, Hart Ellis, F linn, Edward Bernard, Garnett, Cyrus Logan, Joliet. Sioux City, Iowa. Chicago. Hall, John Calvin, Chicago. Harlev, Arthur George, Hyman, Robert William, Jenkins, Bert Jay, Johns, George Andrew, King, John Crane, Jr., Kryda, John Fennymore, Lackey, Henry W., Lyon, Edward R., Chicago. Chicago. Big Rapids, Mich. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Mane!, Frank John, Chicago. McCabe, James, Navigato, William, Raymond, Edward Franklin, St. Paul, Minn. Chicago. Chicago. Reed, Nelson Franklin, Monmouth. Scheiner, Frank Henry, Chicago. Stockton, C W., Vosburgh, Frank R, Wooster, Lizzie E., Ward, Charles Ambrose, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. St. Joseph, Mich. Waltmire, George, Deshler, Ohio. Coman, Warren Eugene, Chicago. Jacobsen, Henry, Chicago. Ph. B. University of Chicago. A. B. Leland Standford, Jr., University. B. S. Northwestern University. LL. B. University of Chicago. A. B. Yale University. University of Chicago. A. B. University of Illinois. Northwestern University. LL. B. Illinois College of Law. A. B. Yale University. Northwestern University. Ph. B.; LL. B. Northwestern University. LL. B. Northwestern University. LL. B. Northwestern University. LL. B. Northwestern University. �COLLEGE MATRICULATES. Amherst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Armour Institute .... ..... ... ... . ·............................. Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College of the Academy of the New Church.... ... ..... . .. . .... Concordia College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cornell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dickinson College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hobart College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Imperial Vienna University ...................... ·. .... .... ... . Illinois College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lewis Institute .. .... .... . ...... .. .... ... . .. . ..... ·. . . . . . . . . . . . Leland Stanford, Jr., University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mass. Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Milwaukee State Normal School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Newton N onnal College ..................................... . Northwestern University ........ .. .... . ....... .. .. ... ....... . Princeton University ......................................... . Rose Polytechnic Institute ................................... . St. Gregory's College . ........ ..... . ... .. ... -.. .... . . .. ... ... . . St. Ignatius College ... . .... . ...................... .. . .. ..... . University of California ...................................... . University of Chicago ........ . . . . .... . .. ... ....... .. . ....... . . University of Greece . .... .. .... . ... .... ..... ..... . . ...... .. .. . University of Illinois . .. .. ..... ...... . .. .. ............ . ...... . University of Michigan ...... .... .... ... ...... .. . .. ........ .. . University of Minnesota ..................................... . University of Wisconsin ...................................... . Valparaiso College ... ............... .. .. .. . ... ... .. .. ..... .. . Wil'liams College ............................................ . Washburn College ........................................... . Wheaton College .. .. ... . . .... ... .. . .. .... .. . ......... ...... . . Yale University .. .... . . . ...... ......... .. ...... ...... ....... . 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 1 1 4 1 2 2 1 1 1 23 4 1 1 2 1 6 2 3 4 1 2 1 1 1 2 7 Total number of college matriculates ....................... 90 Total number of colleges represented . . ... .. .. . ... .. ..... ... 36 RECAPITULATION. Third year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Second year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 First year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Special students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Total 39 244 �XI. THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. The Young Men's Christian Association of Chicago has established a branch which carries on work in the three Schools in the University Building. In addition to its religious work, the Association is of service to the student!! in many ways. In the pleasant rooms, placed at its disposal by the University, the Association maintains a very popular social center with a well selected list of reading material, several games and a piano. Throughout the year the list of rooms and boarding places is kept for the use of students in settling in the city. All students are invited to make the Association rooms their headquarters during the year. As far as possible new students will be met at the train by an Association man wearing a badge. Those desiring to be so met will please write a few days in advance to Y. M. C. A., Northwestern University Building; Chicago, indicating clearly on what train they are to reach Chicago, and over what road they are to come. 40 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. EVANSTON-CHICAGO. DIRECTORY. The special announcements of the several departments of the University may be had on applications addressed as follows: · COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, The Registrar, University Hall, Evanston, Ill. MEDICAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago. LAW SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, The Dean, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago. DENTAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago. SCHOOL OF Music, The Secretary, Music Hall, Evanston, Ill . For information concerning the non-degree conferring departments, address Tmj: ACADEMY, Evanston, Ill., PROF. ARTHUR H . WILDE, PH. D., Acting Principal. GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, Onarga, Ill., REV. FRANK G. BARNES, D. D ., President. ELGIN ACADEMY, Elgin, Ill., MR. GEORGE E. SLEIGHT, A. B., Principal. For information concerning the Theological Schools, address as follows: GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE, REV. CHARLES J. LITTLE, LL. D., President. NORWEGIAN-DANISH SEMINARY, REV. NELS E . SIMONSEN, D . D., Principal. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL, REV. ALBERT ERICSON, D . D., President. For information concerning the School of Oratory, address PROF. ROBERT L. CuMNOCK, L. H. D., Director, Evanston, Ill. The Interstate School of Correspondence is located in the Studebaker Building, 378-388 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. \ �-- � https://plrccollections.org/files/original/3e59073dd988fc3081225f7fafdb70d8.pdf da57ba9260c88a17004161de5d0232fc PDF Text Text SUBSCRIPTION CONTRACT. Fill out and mail now. ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW. 87 EAST LA K E ST., CHICAGO, ILL. D ATE . .... . .... ... . .. . . . . Please enter my subscription for one year to the ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW, in payment for whi ch 1. I enclose check for $3.00. or, 2. I promise to pay $3.00 within . . . . .... . ... ..... . days from the date hereof. N ame ... .. .. . . .. .. . .... . . . .. . .. . .. .... . . . . . Mailing address .. . . .. .... . . . . .. .. . . . .. . .. . . � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide"> Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series V, number 1 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. The inserted subscription card is also included. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1906 May-July Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1906 May-July Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE LAw SCHOOL Chicago Founded QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. SERIES V MAY JULY Announcement Illinois Law Review Merger Quarterly Bulletin Calendar Session Revised List Faculty Location Equipment School Revised List Courses Tuition Fees Scholarships Prizes Requirements Admission Graduation Alumni News Items Contributions Hon. Elbert H. Gary Towle Prize Debate Abel Davis John Maxey Zane Esq. Lectures Legal History Biography Announcement Annual Alumni Banquet Revised List Alumni Secretaries List Students Young Men Christian Association MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Copyright Northwestern University. Entered Post Chicago Ill. ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ANNOUNCEMENT With Quarterly Law School Bulletin Illinois Law Review. Law Review Illinois Illinois Illinois Northwestern University Law Publishing Association Review. Review Articles State. Articles State. Articles Reviews State Reports State Addresses Legal Tactics Northwestern University Law School. Critical Federal Illinois States. Digests Appellate Courts Illinois Illinois. Reviews Announcements Northwestern University Law School Subscriptions Illinois Law Review East Lake Chicago. No Review Illinois. School. School CALENDER OF SESSION MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS III. REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY ABRAM WINEGARDNER HARRIS President Elect University THOMAS FRANKLIN HOLGATE Acting President University JOHN HENRY WIGMORE Professor Law Dean Farnlty CHARLES CHENEY HYDE Associate Professor Law ALBERT MARTIN KALES Associate Professor Law SAMUEL ADAMS Professor Law Procedure Practice JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE Professor Law Crimes Criminal Procedure CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE Associate Professor Law HENRY SCHOFIELD Professor Law LOUIS MAY GREELY Professor Law Conveyancing Mortgages Carriers Commercial Paper LEVI HARPER FULLER Professor Law Procedure Practice FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD Professor Law. •Arranged President Dean REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM Professor Law Patents. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE Professor Law Procedure Practice. Lecturer Legal Ethics. CHARLES BYRD ELDER Instructor Law Extraordinary Legal Remedies Judgments. HENRY CLAY HALL EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM Lecturer Voice Training Forensics. HENRY LEE PRESCOTT Lecturer Forensics. JOSEPH THOMAS ROBERT Lecturer Parliamentary Law. CHARLES ERNEST PICKARD Lecturer Trade Mark Copyright. CHARLES YOE FREEMAN Lecturer Corporation Practice. HERBERT JACOB FRIEDMAN Lecturer Liens. DWIGHT ST. JOHN BOBB Lecturer Public Service Corporations. JOSEPH IGNATIUS KELLY Lecturer Roman Law ALFRED WILLIAM BAYS Lecturer General Practice FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY Secretary Law School Faculty. IV. LOCATION AND EQUIPMENT. Law School Northwestern University Building Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. Chicago County State Federal Courts American States Territories Reporter System English Reports Revised Reports English Reprint Library Gary Collections English Legal Historical Material Ancient Oriental Law American International Law Modern Continental Law United States. ! V. REVISED LIST OF COURSES FOR FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM. Introduction Study Law Private Course Prescribed Reading Written Contracts Three Keener Cases Contracts. Professor OODW ARD. Torts Two Ames Smith Cases Torts. Professor WIGMORE. Property Two Gray Cases Property Vols. II. Personal Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading Procedure Three Ames Cases Pleading Andrew Stephen Pleading Professor ADAMS. SECOND TERM. Contracts Three Professor WOODWARD. Torts Three Professor W GMORE. Property Two Professor KALES. Crimes Criminal Procedure Two Beale Cases Criminal Law. Professor LEE. Master Servant Tort One Wambaugh Cases Agency. Professor W GMORE. Damages One Beale Cases Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM Evidence Two Wigmore Cases Evidence. Professor WIGMORE. Trusts Three Ames Cases Trusts. Professor O DW ARD. Agency Two Wambaugh Cases Agency. Professor LITTLE. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Commercial Paper Three Ames Cases Bills Notes. Professor GREELEY. Equity Jurisdiction Three Ames Cases Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property II Two Gray Cases Property Vols. III IV. Acquisition Professor KALES. Professor KALES Evidence Two SECOND TERM. Professor WIGMORE. Property II Two Professor KALES. Equity Three Ames Cases Equity Jurisdiction. Professor ScHOFIELD. Quasi Contracts Three Woodruff Cases Quasi Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Given Sales Personality Three Williston Cases Sales. Professor WOODWARD. Given Insurance Fire Life Two Wambaugh Cases Insurance. Mr. HALL. Pleading Thompsonts Cases Equity Pleading an Professor ADAMS. Public Service Corporations Railroad Telegraph Gas Water Warehouse Services One Beale Wyman Cases Public Service Corporations. Mr.BOBB. Liens One Selected Mr. FRIEDMAN. THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations Two Smith Cases Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure Practice Illinois Two Professor FOLLANSBEE. International Law Two Scott Cases International Law. Professor HYDE. REVISED LIST OF COURSES. International Law Il American Treaties Diplomacy Y Two Professor HYDE. Suretyship Two Ames Cases Suretyship. Professor LITTLE. Judgments Auxiliary Legal Remedies Attachments Garnishment Execution One Rood Cases Attachments Judgments. Mr. ELDER. Constitutional Law Three Thayer Cases Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property Ill Two Gray Cases Property Vols. V VI. Conditional Professor KALES. Conveyancing One Drafting Professor GREELEY. Conflict Laws Three Beale Cases Conflict Laws. Professor HYDE. Code Pleading Procedure One Cases Code Pleading. Professor WoODWARD. Roman Law One Kelly Select Titles Justinian Pandects. Mr. KELLY. Practice Court Two Causes Professor FULLER. *Patents Invention General Survey. Five Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II III Patent Soliciting. Twenty Patent Law Practice. Forty SECOND TERM. Corporations Two Professor LITTLE. Corporation Practice One Practical Exercises Mr. FREEMAN. *These BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Bankruptcy Two Williston Cases Bankruptcy. Professor WOODWARD. Constitutional Law Two Professor SCHOFIELD. Carriers Three McClain Cases Carriers Beale Cases Carriers. Professor GREELEY. Conveyancing One Professor GREELEY. Mortgages Two Kirchwey Cases Mortgages. Professor GREELEY. Public Officers One Professor SCHOFIELD. Given Practice Court Two Professor FULLER. Property III Two Professor KALES. Municipal Corporations One Smith Cases Municipal Corporations. Professor SCHOFIELD. Partnership Two Ames Cases Partnership. Professor LITTLE. Extraordinary Legal Remedies Mandamus Quo Warranto Habeas Corpus One Roberts Cases Extraordinary Legal Remedies. Mr. ELDER. Jurisdiction Federal Courts One Professor SCHOFIELD. Constitutional Law Patents Invention Conveyancing Property III Property IL COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR DEGREE. Trade Marks Copyrights Six Mr. PICKARD. General Review Five State Bar. Mr. BAYS. Legal Ethics Five Professor FOLLANSBEE. LEGAL WRITING SPEAKING AND PRACTICE. SCHEDULE OF HOURS. Practice Court SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. · Pleadings Common Law Pleading Code Pleading Equity Pleading Corporations Commercial Paper Carriers Insurance Conveyancing States. Thorough Property IL Practice Court Procedure Practice Practice Court BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Court During While Rules Practice Court Legal Tactics Bar Bar Theses Faculty Any Faculty Legal Forensics. Persons FORENSIC WRITING AND SPEAKING. Forensic Writing Speaking. Forensics Lectures Exercises Moot Court Public Debate Practical Legal Advice. First Parliamentary Practice Noveinber Elementary Course Voice Training Legal Argumentation Briefs P. M. Argumentation Oral Forensics Brief II. ·. Moot Courts. Moot Court P. M. B All Each Instructor Forensics Bulletin Board Instructor One On Professor Each BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. All Instructor Forensics An Secretary Faculty School Public Debate. Towle Prizes Public Speaking School. Ill. Legal Advice Clubs. All Legal Advice Clubs Secretary School Secretary. Difficult Clubs On Secretary Club Club Dean Professor P. M. Professor or Bureau Justice. Chicago Bureau Justice University Branch Settlements Police Courts Secretary School C Superintendent Bureau. .} LEGAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY AND JURISPRUDENCE. PRESCRIBED COURSE OF READING IN LEGAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY AND JURISPRUDENCE BEGINNING WITH Course A. First Year Introduction Legal History Study Law. Materials Blackstone Commentaries Introduction Sections Book Chapters Book III Chapters Book Chapters Book III Chapters Book IV Chapters Book II Chapters Book IV Chapter · Woodruff Introduction Study Law. Wambaugh Study Cases. Course B. Second Year History Bench Bar. Materials Campbell Lives Chancellors Lord Hardwicke English American Campbell Lives Chief Justices Lord Holt Arnould Life Lord Denman Autobiography Lord Campbell O rien Life Lord Russell Life Letters Joseph Story Harvey Reminiscences Lodge Life Daniel Webster Brown Life Neilson Memories Rufus Choate Memoirs Letters James Kent Memoirs S. S. Prentiss Ca Bench Bar Illinois Carson History Federal Supreme Court Magruder Life John Marshall. Course BB. Second Year Optional History English Legal System. Materials Pollock Maitland History English Law Volume Pollock Maitland History Volume Holmes Common Law Stephen History Criminal Law Selected Essays Legal History School Course C. Third Year. Jurisprudence. Materials Analytical Jurisprudence Austin Jurisprudence Holland Jurisprudence Terry Principles Anglo American Law. Historical Juris BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Maine Ancient Law Fustel Coulange Ancient City Lee Historical Jurisprudence. International Law. Materials International Law Roman Laws. Materials Any Gaius Institutes Poste Justinian Institutes Moyle Selected Titles Justinian Pandects Kelly Mr. Kelly History Germanic Law. Materials Any Heusler Institutionen Rechts Brunner Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte Brissaud Manuel Regulations Grade C Course Course B Course C Course BB. Course BB Course C Rule An Course Secretary Office Students A School Course A. Law School Course C Course School Courses Courses C LEGAL COURSE FOR BANKERS. International Law Roman Law Dean Courses C Third Year. Students School Courses School r LEGAL COURSE IN BANKING. During Faculty Law School American Institute Bank Clerks. Legal Course Bankers Contracts Bills Notes Corporations Trusts Agency Partnership Municipal Corporations Suretyship Bankruptcy. Instruction Faculty American Institute Bank Clerks. Institute Bank Clerks Eastern School VI. TUITION FEES SCHOLARSHIPS PRIZES. Special Patent Law School. General Review NOTICE OF CHANGE IN FEES IN Commencing ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY FIVE Special Scholarships Students. Eight These Applications Secretary Law School. Prizes. Towle Prizes. $ $ Henry Sargent Towle Esq. Chairman Law School Committee Board Trustees Towle Prize $ James Jackson Forstall B. S. Chicago Towle Prize $ Lawrence Alfred Cohen Chicago PRIZES. Follansbee Prize. $ Mitchell Davis Follansbee Esq. Legal Ethics. Follansbee Prize Norris Burt Cline Chicago. Hyde Prize. Charles Cheney Hyde Esq. $ International Law. Charles Cheney Hyde Prize MacChesney Prizes. American English American English Nathan William MacChesney Esq. Courses B BB C Courses Reading Legal History Legal Biography Jurisprudence. Dean School Editor Chief Illino Law R Illinois Law Review. Callaghan Prize. $ Messrs Callaghan Company Chicago Callaghan Prize Rex Mackenzie A. B. Chicago. VIL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. A. Admission. Persons Age. They Preliminary Education. .!J complet English ofvAlgebra Geometry Ancient History Physiology Rhetoric PhyMcs Physical Geography Bookkeepin Medireval · Modern History Engl Ameri History Amyrcan Literature English omposit English American History Literature Latin Where Secretary Law School. Supreme Court Illinois CHANGE IN ACADEMIC REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION. Beginning Law School REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. Advanced Standing. "Degrees." Special Students. Persons They No Dean. B. Graduation Degrees. All University Commencement. On Oxford Bachelor Laws. Bachelor Laws · Trustees University Faculty School. Such Faculty Length Attendance Regular Students Students .. Students Dean. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. All Candidates II. Course Study All Persons Persons Dean. Secretary Four B C D C C School II. Master Degree. Master Arts Philosophy Science Letters College Liberal Arts University Bachelor Arts Philosophy Science Letters University Master Bachelor Laws Faculty Liberal Arts Faculty BachDEGREES. Laws Faculty Law School. Students Master College Liberal Arts Law School Master Law School Faculty Liberal Arts Master Constitutional Law International Law Administrative Law Roman Law Jurisprudence Legal History. VIII. ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. Contributions Library Hon. Elbert H.Ga During \ Ir. Gary Law School Library Bulletin Gary Collection Continental Jurisprudence Gary Collection Modern Continental Law. During Mr. Gary School American States Territories States American English English Historical Chicago Mr. Gary American International Law American International Law Diplomacy Chicago. Ancient Oriental Law Europe Germanic Scandinavian Slavic Law Middle Ages Lex Salica Asia Africa Oceanica Hindu Mohammedan. Geographically Afghanistan Armenia Caucasus Persia India East Indies China Japan Siam Mongolia Siberia African Oceanica Australia. By Hindu Mohammedan Hebrew Babylonian Egyptian Greek Chinese Japanese ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. Germany France Great Britain Spait Nether Denmank Portugal Italy Turkey China Japan Siam Persia. So Turkey Japan M. Paul Genthner Paris Professors Dermesteter Gaston Paris Jules Oppert Blonde! Green Bag Towle Prize Debate. Towle Prizes Booth Hall Committee Messrs. William Capron Jr. Lawrence A. Cohen Milton P. Firestone James J. Forstall Andrew A. Martin Harry L. Shaver Benjamin E. Cohan Samuel R. Rabinoff "Resolved " James Jackson Forstall B. S. Lawrence A. Cohen. Robert E. Pendarvis Esq. Miss Jane Addams Milton J. Foreman Esq. Luther Laflin Mills Esq. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Abel Davis Recorder Cook County Illinois. Alumni Mr. Davis Law School Real Estate News Some Mr. Davis Chicago Cook County Chicago County. Mr. Davis Time Office Employees Recorder Zeal Mr. Davis ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. Charles George Little Esq. Associate Professor Faculty Mr. Davis Chief Examiner Titles Title Registration Office Mr. Sheldona Mr. Little Lectures Legal History Biography John Maxey Zane Esq. Chicago BM. Legal History Biography Mr. Zane Hurd Hall Chicago School Mr. Zane Bar School Titles LECTURE English Golden Age Norman Conquest Edward Glanville Bracton. LECTURE II. English Silver Age Edward Edward III Year Books. LECTURE III. English Bronze Age Jaw Edward III Henry VII Fortesque Littleton. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. LECTURE IV English Iron Age Henry VII Revolution Bacon Coke. LECTURE V. Continuation Hale Jeffreys. LECTURE VI. Reformation English ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL ALUMNI BANQUET Law School One Association. BE SURE AND RESERVE THE DATE. IX. REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Alumni Association Branches Association State Territory Alumni School Illinois Cook County. Secretary Vice President Branch. Branches Marion H. McKinney Esq. General Secretary Association Washington St. Chicago OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION William H. H. Judson Frederick S. Nave Henry B. Wilkinson Theodore W. Hubbard Georgia Ebenezer Wakely George P. Adams A. Lee Doud Albert J. Green James E. Babb Thaddeus M. Talcott Jr. Harry Campbell Robert L. Welch Theodore H. Morrison J. Clyde Nelson Henry F. Metzger Hon. Homer B. Dibell A. B. Choate Jacob A. Harzfeld Richard A. Harlow Hon. William J. Bryan Alonzo P. Tarbox Hon. Sewell W. Abbott William F. Poole Jr. Oliver L. Brown John H. Stingle Andrew M. Adams Hon. Elbert H. Gary William F. Myers George G. Barnes Hon. Wm. A. McLaren James L. Curtis Edward R. Sinkler Joseph D. Kerr Charles H. Glos Forest G. Moorhead John F. Whitlock Edward W. Hander Robert N. Freeman Clare E. Crawford Howard N. Waterman John K. Fish Charles F. Mallin Phillip E. Winter Carl S. Smith Abo Shiosuke Joseph S. Kennard OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS Aaron J. Gould Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock Charles H Holt Frank C. Van Sellar Thomas N. Cofer John A. Barber John D. Gray Conrad G. Gumbart Frank S. Fulton William L. McMahan Charles B. Campbell Wellington H. Shay William J Sweeney Solon W. Crowell William M. Mercer John E. Goembel Adams Cyrus H. Jr. Anderson George Fridolf Asher Walter Simpson Atherton Leslie Campbell Becker John Richard Bell Benj. S. Brink Hal L. Brothers William Vincent Browne John Maxwell Bugee John Arthur Burns William Cullen Candee Robert Capron William Jr. Cohan Benjamin Edward Collins Kenneth Prentice Colton Chauncey Corey Cutting Robert Myron Davis Warren Marcus Dickinson Frances Reynolds Eastman Charles John Eddy Morton Hoit Engstrom Ebenezer Washington Finerty John F. Jr. Finley George Alvin Garnett Elmer Logan Goldstine Isaac Oscar Haight William Harrison Hinckley Francis Edward Hunt Anthony Johnston William Walter Kolb Theodore Krause Hugo Foster VLibonati Michael Ernest Lucius Albert Edward Martin Andrew Aloysius Mies Frank Peter Milchrist Frank Thomas Moore Willis Samuel McCord Downer McKinney Fred Landin McNeill Robert Lincoln Nordhold Robert J. Peacock Ernest Pirosh George B. Pitte Hugo Lewis Rich Ernest Paul Ridgely Claude V. Romans Harold Alben Romans John Brown Rundall Charles Owen Secord Frederick Smietanka Alexander Michael Steinbrecher Paul Straus Ira E. Taylor David W. Thomason Samuel Emory Vlachos Andrew John Von Ammon Ernest Carl Warner George Raymond Wengierski Julius Francis Whitfield Garland Quinche Winnen Victor Charles Wilcox Jesse Franklin Winston Garrard Bigelow Yates Robert Mortimer Adams Francis Jr. Allely George Joseph Allen Harry Irwin Ballard Howard Thompson Barry Arthur Joseph Bennett Robert F. Beveridge Glen LeRoy Bieszki Henry Albert Blu Elmer Francis Bogheas Demetrius Brown Earle Wesley Callahan James Edwin Carmody Michael Lawrence Cohen Lawrence Alfred Crossman George William Davenport Kenneth Howard Dodson Harry Lea Dvorak Henry Forstall James Jackson Fox George Arthur Frake Allen Frantz Ezra Jacob Fuller Earl Delos Gillson Charles Burton Grandberg Oscar Emil Gregory Frederick LaRue Griffin John Joseph Grow Oscar Hansen Edwin Carsten Hausser Arthur H. W. Henn William Eugene Hill Roy Wilson Houghteling James Lawrence Jr. Howison Hugh Alexander Huszagh Harold Jarrell James Thomas Jr. Kaufman Saling Krusemark Albert Lilienstein Arthur Webster Lindskog Thomas Marshall Robert Ferguson Morgan George Gurnea Morrissey Michael Patrick Murphy John Cushing Myers Earl Lucian Mccaughan Philip N. McNeil Oswell Laurie Nash Albert Henry Nichols George Richmond Jr. Leland Stanford Jr. Rathje Frank Carl Rawson William Dixon Rich Stanley Richter Edward Lewis Rueber Charles Arthur Shaver Harry Lloyd Smith Frank O. Smoot Harry Edward Starke Charles Henry Stevens Ernest James Stevens George Marsden Strauss Samuel Arthur Sunderbruch Jens Frederick Swanson Charles Edward Tanigoshi Katsutaro Townsend Barry Eyre Van Ryper James Reynolds Welles Harry Norton Willson Royal Andrew Winterbottom Joseph Erastus Woodbury Homer Whallon Arthur William Reed Barnes Cecil Bauer Lester Louis Brown Edward Eagle Browne John Maxwell Butler LeRoy Dawson Butz Robert Otto Carlson Tulius Goodwin Carroll John Charles Jr. Clapp Gardie Cumnock Claude Buchanan Dean William Dwight DeLaney Clarence Martin Didier Gustave Philip Dunham H. Munroe Farrell Harry Michael Fehrman Henry J. Felgar Harry Hardy Firestone Milton P. Fowler Glesner Frederick Wilson David Freundlich Alexander Gardner Harry Newton Greenberg Samuel Harris Amos Leroy Hoover Loring R. Jarecki Edmund Kasper Johnson Clyde Philip Johnson James Richard Jordan Carl Francis Jordan Frank Kandlik George Karr Richard Freeman Katz Sidney Morris Kendall Rufus Knight Homer Stone Lindsay Alexander Pitcairn Love Stephen Wentzel Lowe Sylvester Tucker Long William Henry Llabres Louis Martin Isaac Crouse Mewhirter David Clifford Mount Earl Burner Morris Eugene Percivall Morawski Sigismond Albert McCarthy Justin Francis McKenna John Edward O onnell Joseph Dugan Oleson George Arthur Olson Olaf Adolph Oughton John Richard Jr. Philp Leonard Haecker Ransom Albert Richardson Reubens Harry Jr. Rickcords Francis Stanley Rabinoff Samuel Randolph Rothwell Henry Phillip Schadel Robert Lyman Schmaus Edward Thomas Simmons Forrest Dale Slosson Frank Steele Snapp Dorrance Dibell Spengler Walter J. Stafford James Henry Staub Casper Jr. Steinbrecher George Stylinski Stanislaw Taylor Orville James Jr. Tyrrelli Joseph Thomas Vail Karl V. Verde Vicenzo Whipple Merrick Ames Wieboldt Werner Zelensky Mitchell Abraham Barry David Henry Bates Jeanette Barstow Alfred Boyd Gordon Burns James Francis Chandler H. A. Ernest Colwell Clyde C. Cooper Bernhard S. Dewey Charles Sehweldt Fisher Hart Ellis Flinn Edward Bernard Garnett Cyrus Logan Hall John Calvin Harlev Arthur George Hyman Robert William Jenkins Bert Jay Johns George Andrew King John Crane Jr. Kryda John Fennymore Lackey Henry W. Lyon Edward R. Manel Frank John McCabe James Navigato William Raymond Edward Franklin Reed Nelson Franklin Scheiner Frank Henry Stockton C W. Vosburgh Frank R. Wooster Lizzie E. Ward Charles Ambrose Waltmire George Coman Warren Eugene Jacobsen Henry LAW SCHOOL Secretary Northwestern University Bldg. Chicago. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/4a09e869b6d06d272094db4c59d01f11.pdf aa978edc376d100c807c9566607c1eb3 PDF Text Text The School of Law 1981-83 Northwestern University Bulletin �3. THE JUDGE'S DESK. It is no mere flight of fancy to speak of the judge's desk as the "altar of justice." It is the modern representative of the Roman "tribunal," and in the primitive days of Rome, "the Latins gave to their tribunals the name of 'sanctuary' or of 'altar of the laws.' " 4. THE SPEAKER'S GAVEL. In default of such a token as the English parliamentary mace, the speaker's gavel must be regarded as the symbol, for America, of legislative authority. 5. THE GREEN BAG. The green bag seems to have made its appearance in England about the beginning of the 1600s; for the Elizabethan drama pictures the attorney with a bag of black buckram, while in Wycherley's comedy, "The Plain Dealer'' (1677), it is the green bag which typifies the attorney's calling. 6. THE CHIEF JUSTICE'S COLLAR. This ornament is worn on formal occasions by the Chief Justice of England as the emblem of his office. The emblems of law and justice on the cover of this bulletin are an integral part of the decor of the older buildings of Northwestern University School of Law. Brief descriptions of these emblems are excerpted from Northwestern U11i1·ersity School of Law-A Description of the New Buildings (1926). 1. THE JUDGE'S WIG. The judicial wig is simply a survival from the days when the wig was an essential part of every gentleman's costume. When the fashion changed and wigs ceased to be worn by the private citizen, the bench, as well as the bar, declined to change with it. 2. THE POLICEMAN'S STICK AND ST AR. For America, this combination stands as the symbol of civic law and order. The police stick bas its forerunner in England; the star or shield, on the other band, is a badge of police authority which seems to be peculiarly American, dating from the time when the watchmen or police were still without a uniform dress .. 7. THE SPEAR. In Roman practice a lance or spear ("hasta") became the symbol of magisterial authority. It serves as an emblem of the enforcement of private rights. 8. THE CHANCELLOR'S WOOLSACK. Says Lord Campbell of woolsacks, "They are said to have been introduced into the House of Lords as a compliment to the staple manufacture of the realm; but I believe that in the rude simplicity of early times a sack of wool was frequently used as a sofa, when the Judges sat on a bard wooden bench, and the advocates stood behind a rough wooden rail called the bar.'' 9. THE SCALES. The scales are the earliest object, in the world's annals, distinctively associated with the administration of justice. 10. THE F ASCES. An emblem of the State's penal power. the fasces, in Roman history, were bundles of rods, having an axe bound in between them, the blade projecting. With these rods malefactors were beaten before their execution. �The School of Law Academic Years 1981-82/1982-83 Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University reserves the right to change without notice any statement in this bulletin concerning, but not limited to, rules, policies, tuition, fees, curricula, and courses. 11. IBE PRISON BARS. In these are symbolized the penal law and procedure. The prison in some form is as old as the human race; the iron grating, which permits the access of light and air, while preventing the escape of the offender, goes back to the remotest times. 12. THE SERJEANT'S COIF. A coif, says Fortescue, "is the principal and chief insignement of habit where-with Serjeants-at-law in their creation are decked." The Serjeantsat-law thus distinguished were the first practitioners at the English bar. 13. THE SWORD. In Roman tradition, the sword was the emblem of the State's power. "Jus gladii," the authority of the sword, was the phrase for the supreme power of a political ruler. �Editors Susan Curnick Terri S. Weinstein Designer Lauretta Akkeron Photographers Uldis Saule Terri S. Weinstein Kira Wigoda 9-81/35M Law School Courtyard 2 �CONTENTS 5 12 22 39 54 60 64 68 71 75 77 81 83 84 The School of Law The Course of Instruction Curriculum Endowments, Supplemental Programs, Honors, and Prizes Student Activities Admission to the School Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid Graduate Sh1dy and Degrees Placement and Alumni Calendar Officers, Faculty, and Staff Roster of Colleges and Universities Where to Write Campus Map Index on inside back cover 3 �4 �The School of Law ''Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth." -Dal'id Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law S chool, September 21, 1859. The first law school in its state and region and one of the oldest in the nation, Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich heritage. Since its founding in 1859, it has been dedicated to the education of men and women for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with approximately 525 students seeking their first degree in law. The substantial size of the faculty gives the School one of the two or three !owes~ student-faculty ratios found among the leading law schools. This makes possible a close working relationship between student and teacher, thereby fostering professional training of the highest order and providing an opportunity for the development of each student's unique capabilities. LOCATION OF IBE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the business center of Chicago. Not far to the south, along the lakefront, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, a planetarium, an aquarium, and museums of art, science, and natural history. Nearby are Orchestra Hall, home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the Chicago Public Library. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Near the campus, to the west, is Rush Street, one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A halfmile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, s �state, and municipal governments, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University, where several other buildings house the Medical School and the Dental School. Also on the campus are Abbott Hall, the 18-story student residence for men and women enrolled in the professional schools; Lake Shore Center, a recently acquired residential and recreational facility; and member hospitals of The McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University. The Health Sciences Building was added to the medical complex in 1978. Students live and study on a selfsufficient graduate campus. The original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,800 full-time undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus is accessible to Law School students for courses and seminars, general library resources, cultural activities, and athletic events. Facilities include the University Library, Norris University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, 0. T. Hogan Biological Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building (Communicative Disorders), Nathaniel Leverone Hall (the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management's headquarters on the Evanston campus}, Arthur Andersen Hall (School of Education), Rebecca Crown Center (the University's administration building), Seeley G . Mudd Library for Science and Engineering, and the Traffic Institute Building. Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, part of the developing fine and performing arts complex, was completed in 1975. Regenstein Hall of Music opened in fall 1977, and the Theatre and Interpretation Center, incorporating an art gallery, was opened in fall 1980. Also recently constructed on the Evanston campus is the James L. Allen Center, which houses the Graduate School of Management's executive programs. New undergraduate housing is under construction. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Good professional training requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration and arrangements conducive to informal interchange between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the finest traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage the student will share. The Law School consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John Henry Wigmore in the United States and abroad, are displayed throughout the School to illustrate the people and events of judicial history. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a handsome garden which is frequently used for open-air discussions and study. A new Law School addition is scheduled for completion in 1984, to occupy the entire site east of the Law School. 6 �The addition will join the present buildings along the east wall of the current library. The new building, which will be bordered by Lake Shore Drive, Chicago A venue, and Superior Street, will double current library space, greatly expand student study areas, and will include classrooms, a moot courtroom, offices, and an 800-seat University auditorium. The four lower floors will include Law School functions and the University auditorium. An additional eight to twelve floors located in a tower on the south end of the site will include the headquarters of the American Bar Association and American Bar Foundation, as well as other nonprofit legal organizations. The new addition will create for the Law School and Chicago legal scholars a preeminent law research library and teaching facility. CLASSROOMS The current Law School buildings contain seven major classrooms. These facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. The design of Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was suggested by that of the British House of Commons. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has three seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and third years meet here, with typically 10 to 15 students seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and sub stance to the discussion. For instruction in trial and appellate practice, the School has a fully-equipped, modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates actual criminal and civil trials conducted occasionally by courts sitting in Illinois and is used for the teaching of trial practice. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, providing for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection and a portion of current acquisitions. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With its collection of nearly 400,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law libraries in the United States. Even more important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves furnished with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations 7 �close to the books. Study tables and chairs are also 1o ca te d on the lower floors, together with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are study and typing rooms. The library is operated with an openstack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection and may call upon the expert full-time staff of 25 if in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well, whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but also to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library's AngloAmerican collection includes all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well-selected, comprehensive collection_ of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession in general. Recently the Law School Library was designated a government depository library. The University Library on the Evanston campus has been a government depository library for many years, and a more complete collection of documents is available there. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, and government and includes a special collection on law and the social sciences. The library also receives virtually every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. About one-fourth of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan and good working collections for a number of other nations. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond domestic laws to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic documents, treatises, and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world . The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public and private international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include an extensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration and a special collection of materials in aviation law. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, 8 �have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. Especially notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than 500 original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LLB., 1903). The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas vital both to scholars and to practitioners. Provision also has been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate problems of their bulk and deterioration. With the aid of a grant from the Woods Charitable Foundation, Inc., the Law Library has also begun to convert all of its cataloging records from printed cards to computer-readable format. All books received by the Law Library since January I, 1981 and a growing number of earlier books, are accessed through a computer system known as LUIS, maintained cooperatively with the University's main library. As the Law Library's catalog is being computerized, it is also being brought into conformity with the latest cataloging standards. The collection is being classified according to the subject classification system of the Library of Congress. The library is also equipped with LEXIS, the modern computer research system. Legal information, quickly accessible through the LEXIS system, is stored electronically in a rapidly expanding data base. An access terminal is located in the library and is available to all students for on-line use. As a practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of contemporary or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Al- though hours in the classroom and the library predominate for both students and faculty, provision has been made for the informal give-and-take discussions in which student lawyers hone their skills in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden Hall, named for the first of several of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are available to students and faculty during the morning hours under the auspices of the Student Bar Association. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon, and a television lounge. Separate offices are provided for various student activities and organizations. Faculty offices which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCES Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers 9 �and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce lawyers of professional qualification . For the student who resides in one of the campus housing facilities, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student can concentrate time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, many law students, with the possible exception of married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School, choose to live in either Lake Shore Center or Abbott Hall. Both facilities are designed to provide convenient living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of personal qualities which are essential to a lawyer, but often fall outside the sphere of formal training. Lake Shore Center, recently acquired by the University, was formerly the Lake Shore Club of Chicago, an elegant lakefront club and residential hotel built during the I 920s. The 18-story complex contains more than 400 rooms with private baths, an Olympic-size swimming pool , three racquetball courts, three squash courts, a gymnasium, steamroom, sauna, an exercise room , and numerous other rooms and facilities. Located one block north of the Law School, the residence hall offers convenient quality housing in Chicago's Gold Coast, the city's most desirable residential district, at a price within student budgets. Abbott Hall, across the street to the south of the Law School, is an 18-floor residential structure that has served the School well for many years. The building includes a bookstore, Cashier's Office, two squash courts, and other recreational facilities. The convenient location and affordable room rates have made Abbott Hall a popular housing option. The accommodations in both residence halls offer double rooms, though some single rooms are available. There is a very limited number of furnished apartments for married students in Abbott Hall. They are either one-room efficiencies or one-bedroom apartments. All sports and recreational facilities in both Lake Shore Center and Abbott Hall are available to all students whether they live in the buildings or not. Easy access to these diversions provides the opportunity for pleasant breaks from the rigors of studies. A diverse organized sports program is run in the Lake Shore Center facilities . Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are served in a residence hall cafeteria, either on an individual meal basis or under a variety of board contracts. A rathskeller serving beer, wine, and sandwiches is operated in the Lake Shore Center. STUDENT HEALTH All full-time new students are required to have on file in the Student Health Service a completed medical form including a recent physical examination. The Student Health Service for all students in schools on the Chicago campus is located at 222 East Superior Street, room 334. Available medical services and limited hospital and surgical coverage are described in the Student Health Bulletin which each student receives upon initial registration . It is a requirement for registration that all full -time students have a comprehensive hospitalization plan, either by coverage under the Northwestern Student Hospitalization Plan or by one comparable to it. Proof of an existing plan will be required. All students are encouraged to read carefully the insurance information which is mailed to them. 10 �The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m. to 4 :30 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health Service bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to room 334 during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. This will be covered by the student's hospitalization plan. Medical expenses that have not been authorized by the Student Health Service will be the financial responsibility of the student. Specialty consultations beyond those provided by the Health Service are advised as indicated, but are the financial responsibility of the student. Lake Shore Center swimming pool 11 �The Course of Instruction "[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." -Justice Olil'er Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective servic_e in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but also for careers in government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skiils of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and everchanging. Law, bringing order and direction to human relations, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands of the individual student the thought and initiative needed to extend learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his or her way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as mind and industry will carry. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and \!fternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. Two or three times the number of hours spent in class are de12 �voted to individual study. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of Jaw, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the Jaw. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the Jaw, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but also with topics such as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of contracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow. The changing character of Jaw is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the Jaw curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his or her professional life. Within the limits of the possible, education in that brief span must be for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Consumer Protection, and Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for many of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses. In 1978-79, the Student Bar Association established the Robert Childres Memorial Award for Teaching Excellence. The award, presented annually, recognizes the faculty member voted by the student body who best exemplifies excellence in the art of teaching. Robert Childres was a professor of law at Northwestern from 1967 until his death in 1976. ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS The life of scholarship at the Law School is one which obliges the professor not only to advance and enrich the discipline of law through research, but also to explain the law's accrued body of knowledge to students. Faculty members representing the very best of scholarship in teaching and research are recognized by endowed professorships. The five endowed professorships at the Law School include the Owen L. Coon Chair of Law established m 1974, the William Wirt Gurley Me13 �maria! Professor of Law established in 1975, the Frederic P. Vose Chair of Law established in 1966, and the Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of Law, established in 1969. The presence of endowed professorships enables the Law School to attract and retain the best scholars, to stimulate academic excellence, and to assure distinguished scholarship. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's role in articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. The student lawyer does not listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will attend classes approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from 10 to 15 students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio . The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession . The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experiences of the lawyers and judges who conducted them and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on first-hand observation of the law in action. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion , the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to revert to 14 �the student, after he or she has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion , the task of developing an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of a law school career the student is thus led to do what one has to do throughout professional life -think, analyze, and decide on one's own initiative. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique orginated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and thirdyear courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the form of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create a solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction . Or the transaction may already have taken place, and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation . In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact they are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically, in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memoran- dum solution to the problem, based on his or her analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, the student or a classmate is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he or she takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Clinical Training and Practice Courses Clinical education at Northwestern is a vital part of the Law School's curriculum. Over the last 10 years the Law School has developed a sequence of clinical courses, culminating in actual practice under the supervision of faculty attorneys in the third year. This sequence of courses is designed to bring together training in practical skills, analytical processes, and professional responsibility. The Clinic's staff has six full-time faculty attorneys. Each year a large number of students in the Law School participates in some phase of the clinical program. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time and is now developed in clinical programs and courses supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern Legal Clinic, located in Wieboldt Hall, next door to the Law School, students working under faculty supervision gain practical experience in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents in a wide variety of cases, both civil and criminal. Students also assist the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials and, under the rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified third year students actually appear in court on behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education. During the first year, all students are instructed in the techniques of oral and 15 �written argument in the course in legal writing. Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue the case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court composed of alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the second year, the student is offered Counseling, Negotiation, and Litigation and a Trial Advocacy course. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in pretrial preparation, examining witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to a mock jury. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do in court. These second year courses are designed to prepare students for practice in the third year under the supervision of Clinic faculty attorneys. Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest and to explore new areas of the law. In a group usually numbering from 10 to 15, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his or her research and analysis for critical consideration by the seminar group. Seminars Legal Writing Skills Every student is offered the opportunity during his or her Law School career to develop writing skills. In the first year, each student is required to take a course which provides supervised experience in written legal communication as well as instruction in legal process. In the second and third years, further experience is gained in supervised writing. Before graduation each student is required to complete one or more of the following: Editorial work meeting established standards on the Northwestern University Law Review, Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, or the Black Law Journal. Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. Participation in the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. Participation in the Senior Research Program. Enrollment in a seminar which requires presentation of preliminary and revised drafts which receive careful editorial criticism prior to submission of the final draft of the paper. The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation Northwestern introduced in 1966. Under this program, a student, with faculty approval , may elect to devote as many as 12 credit hoursciose to half of the third year-to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. During the second year, a student interested in this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field and who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the curriculum, the student may arrange a schedule to include Law School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year, the student meets at least weekly with the faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a second faculty member. Senior Research Program 16 �The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening one's powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library and may also draw upon other resources, including other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits. with careful advance planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world. For example, faculty-student teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in several African nations as a part of the Senior Research Program. Faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time to the research, discussion, and critique necessary to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant-not only in substance, but also in working relationship-than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. Many books and articles have been published as a result. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The program also serves the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICU- LUM In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in early fall and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. During the first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law- property, tort, and contract-as well as criminal law and civil procedure. The year-long program in legal writing focuses on the development of the lawyer's basic skills in the uses of research tools and writing and cu Im in ates in the preparation of briefs and presentation of oral arguments in moot court. The first year also requires the student to choose a "perspective" course elective. The elective may be satisfied by the courses in International Law, English or American Legal History, or by one of a group of courses dealing with the relationship of law to the social sciences. Each entering student is assigned a faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his or her last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years enables students who so wish to at17 �tain a degree of concentration. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context. For example, questions of criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the civil liberties seminar, or the underpinnings of constitutional law may be studied in a seminar on comparative law or jurisprudence. Perhaps most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the students to select virtually any combination of elective courses in the last two years. Other scheduling policies and a prerequisite system facilitate selection of offerings in logical progression and permit adequate preparation for advanced individual work in the programs of the third year. Additional interdisciplinary opportunities are provided by the option that allows students, subject to certain restrictions, to receive up to six hours of credit toward the law degree for graduate level courses taken in other schools and departments of the University. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University has pioneered in research integrating the study of law and the social sciences. The joint degree allows students to earn the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences in five years, comprising four years of courses and a dissertation year. The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as a professional, both in law and in social science. The graduates of this program qualify for admission to the Bar and are competent to practice law. They are also fully trained in both the theory and methods of social science and experienced in field research on legal systems. The program admits up to five students per year. Applicants interested in this program may write for further information to Ms. Janice M. Priester, Program in Law and the Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 357 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM A student at Northwestern Uni- versity may earn the Master of Management (M.M .) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years by enrolling in both the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five years of study. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester hours in the School of Law, an additional 15 semester hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate School of Management. Similarly, the M.M. degree may be earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for five course units being given for work completed in the School of Law. The precise order in which work is taken may be determined individually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one school and a fuIJ year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both schools during the third and fourth years. Every participant, however, must complete one academic year of study exclusively in each school before taking courses in the same term in both schools. Applicants planning to enter the combined degree program are advised to file 18 �admission applications at the same time in both schools, in accordance with the procedures of each school. To be eligible for the combined program a student already admitted to one school must, at.the latest, file a timely application and be admitted to the other school within the first academic year following entry into the first school. Jn no case will either school admit applicants to the combined degree program who have completed their course work in the first school before entering the second school. The complete separation of studies which this would allow is not conducive to the mutually reinforcing int erd isc i pl in ary experience in both schools which the combined degree program seeks to promote. Applicants who have completed their degree program in either school are, of course, welcome to apply for admission to the other school as a degree candidate under its regular program. App Ii cants to either school planning to enter the combined degree program should so indicate at time of application. A student in the combined program may be considered for financial assistance separately by each school for the first year of enrollment in that school and by both schools when taking courses in both schools. For more information about the Graduate School of Management, address inquiries to Admissions Office, J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management, Northwestern Un iversity, Leverone Hall, 2001 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit hours in any term, in the opinion of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars, the courses, and the work in the Northwestern Legal Clinic are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, course, or Clinic program can be accommodated. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or midterm tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the . written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminars, examinations are not ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. With the permission of the Dean, students who are eligible but, for good reason, unable to take an examination may take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. 19 �GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Specific graduation requirements and details of the grading system are set forth in the "Rules of Northwestern University School of Law," published separately. In general, to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete and earn credit in the 15 semester hours of the first semester, which is evaluated on a credit/ no credit basis. In addition a student must earn credit and mai:-ltain a satisfactory grade level for the remaining 15 semester hours of required first-year courses, the course in Legal Ethics, and at least 58 semester hours of elective work, in not less than six or more than seven semesters in residence. All students must meet the writing requirement described above. The grading system provides for letter grades A+, A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F. After the first semester, in order to remain in good standing and for graduation purposes, a student's average must fall between a C + and a C for credit hours attempted after the first semester. The faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time. This responsibility, however, is not exercised in a manner which will place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his or her program on the basis of previously announced requirements. Instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he or she must have satisfied the faculty as to character, have complied with the requirements for the degree and have paid all fees. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described under Graduation Requirements. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law and, in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 60 semester hours of credit must be earned at Northwestern. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described later in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Student Bar Association, for its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is expected that the habits fostered by this honor system will stand the young lawyer m good stead before the bench and bar. 20 �Left, top to bottom: Professor Martin H. Redish; the Easter b_unny visits a class in Booth Hall; Professor Joyce A. Hughes. Below: Professor Anthony A. D'Amato 21 �Curriculum FIRST-YEAR COURSES First Semester COURSE NAME Required Courses CREDIT HOURS COURSE NAME Second Semester CREDIT HOURS Contracts I .. . .. . ...... 3 Contracts II .. .. . . . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. 3 Torts I . .. .. ... .. .. ... . 3 Torts II . . ... . . . . .. . . . .. ..... . . .. . 3 Civil Procedure I .... ... 4 Criminal Law . .. ...... . 3 Property ... . .. . . . ...... . ........ . 4 Legal Writing .. . ....... 2 Total first-year hours . .. 15 Legal Writing .. ... . . . . . .. .. . . . . ... 2 Perspective Elective . . .... ... ...... . 3 American Legal History English Legal History International Law Law and Social Change Law and Social Order 15 The School reserves the right to withdraw or modify the course of instruction at any time. Not all of the offerings listed are given in any one academic year. DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS (Listed in alphabetical order) Accounting, Law and Course (2 hours) Recognizing the need for a general knowledge of accounting principles in today's legal practice, this course is designed to provide a general und erstanding of accounting for those students who have not had collegelevel courses in accounting. Administrative Law Course (3 hours) A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governments. Topics of study include the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies operate, the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy, the administrative interpretation of statutes, investigatory and fact-finding processes of administrative agencies, the requirements of fair hearings, 22 �and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Admiralty Course (3 hours) The course examines general principles of admiralty. The topics that are examined include jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability. American Legal History Course (3 hours) This course will explore the development of the law's response to political, economic, intellectual , and social change in America. Most of the materials will focus on the "formative" or "Golden Age" of American law, the period from the American Revolution to the Civil War, but there will be frequent reference to the Colonial Period and to the Twentieth Century. The purpose of the course is to introduce the student to certain common transformations in the law of crimes , contracts, torts, property, and corporations. The aim is to provide a synthetic perspective normally unavailable in more specialized courses. American Legal History: Advanced Seminar (2 hours) Students in the seminar will read and discuss works on the writing of legal history and on selected topics of American legal history. Each student will be responsible for the research and writing of a paper on a topic in American legal history of his or her choice, but guidance from the instructor will be available. Antitrust Enforcement Course (2 hours) The course focuses on antitrust practice and procedure with emphasis on public policy goals and special problems of private enforcement, including issues of standing, damages, and scope of equitable relief available. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law. Antitrust Law Course (4 hours) History and policy of federal , state, and foreign comparative law dealing with competition and monopoly. Areas of concern include conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, patents , copyrights and trademarks, monopoly, boycotts and the abuse of economic power, distribution and franchise arrangements, exclusive dealing and tying, unfair methods of competition, price di scrimination , and resale price control. Overlap and conflict with government and private regul ation of economic activities, and antitrust in foreign commerce are also examined . Also comparative study of Common Market and other foreign antitrust laws. Corequisities: Administrative Law and Corporations. Antitrust Law and Policy Seminar (2 hours) Advanced study of selected areas of antitrust law and policy considerations and their relation to the reg u I at ion of business is undertaken in a seminar-format in order to examine closely the conflicting theories and alternative courses of action. Banking Law Seminar (2 hours) This seminar is concerned with the federal regulation of national banks by the comptroller of the currency, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation . Primary emphasis will be placed on the limitations and restrictions on the lending activities of commercial banks, with some comparative attention paid to the role of thrift institutions. Behavioral Science, Law and Seminar (2 hours) A writing seminar exploring behavioral science theory and research with a bearing on I a w making. Emphasis is on evolutionary biology as a predictor of human behavior. Broadcasting, Regulation of Course (2 hours) An examination of the law covering the broadcasting industry . The regulatory scheme of the Federal Communications Commission will provide the major focus for attention, with emphasis on choice among competing applicants, diversification of control of the media, the fairness and related doctrines, and audience involvement in the regul atory process. Attention also will be given to related matters such as antitrust 23 �considerations and the regulations of CATV. The course will highlight the pervasive tension between concerns of free speech and regulation in the public interest, Corequisite: Administrative Law. Business Associations-Partnerships: Advanced Course (2 hours) The course analyzes alternative forms of business organizations with a special emphasis on the formation, operation, and dissolution of partnerships and limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form is explored. Prerequisite: Corporations. Business Planning Course (2 hours) The course will examine advanced problems in corporation finance, including corporate organization , distributions, recapitalization, and reorganization. Emphasis will be directed toward the problems of corporate financing with concurrent examination of problems in corporate, tax, and securities law. Prerequisites: Corporations and Federal Corporate Income Tax. Civil Procedure I Course (4 hours) This course is involved with structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems, jurisdiction over the person and subject matter, process and pleadings, parties, joinder of actions, pre-trial motion practice, inspection and discovery, division of function between judge and jury, summary judgment, post-trial motions, and appellate review. Civil Procedure II Course (3 hours) A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see the description of Civil Procedure I, above. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I . Civil Procedure: Advanced Course (2 hours) In this course there will be an in-depth exploration of Civil Procedure. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and II. Clinical Practice Course (4 hours) With the aid of historical information, this course is designed to study the influence of social, re Ii g i o us, political, and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Conti n ten ta! civ ii law. Problem areas treated will deal with sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, and the development of courts and of the legal profession. This offering is open to third-year students who devote 12 hours per week to clinical practice at the Northwestern Legal Clinic, United States Attorney's Office, Better Government Association, or other agencies or organizations approved by the Law School for clinical practice. The student will receive training in counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and in substantive and procedural law relevant to the clinical program chosen. Students enrolled in the course are required to apply for certification under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 711 , the Illinois Student practice rule. This rule allows third-year students, under certain circumstances, to practice in the Illinois state courts. Civil Liberties Clinical Trial Advocacy Civil Law Seminar (2 hours) Seminar (2 hours) Course This seminar involves an intensive study of selected current problems relating to freedom of speech, press, association, and religion and s e par at ion of church and state. Consideration will be given to underlying philosophical conceptions, to comp a r ab I e problems in other democratic societies, and to international protection of human rights. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law II. This course is an introduction to trial advocacy and preparation of students for the representation of clients in the Clinical Practice course . The student's skills will be developed and tested by presentation of solutions to trial problems at weekly class sessions. The examination of witnesses, introduction of physical, documentary, and other demonstrative evidence, presentation (3 24 hours) �and challenging of expert testimony, opening and closing arguments, and selection of a jury are required by the trial problems. In addition to regular weekly problem preparation and classroom presentation, each student will be responsible for the preparation and trial of a civil or criminal case. These complete mock trials will take place before mock juries. The performance of the students in these "trials" will be judged and reviewed by other students, faculty, practicing attorneys, and judges. Students will also work on actual cases in the Legal Clinic, and the problems will be derived from these cases. Commercial Paper Course (3 hours) Course coverage inc 1u des the law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding, and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process. Computers and the Law Seminar (2 hours) The procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law and legal problems and opportunities arising in an increasingly computer-oriented society are examined. Topics discussed include contracting for computer needs; the legal implications of computerization of the securities and banking industries; the use of computers in the administration of government and the impact of computers upon the democratic processes; computer invasion of privacy; the use of the computers in legal research; protection of software; introduction of computer generated evidence; and introduction to computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of the computers in the practice of law. Members of the class will have an opportunity to produce a form will, complaints, and the like using a prototype law office computer system developed at Northwestern. Conflict of Laws Course (3 hours) Topics that are covered in the course include theories and practice in choice of law; constitutional control of choice of law, including full faith and credit to statutes and state power to apply its law; and the peculiar problems of conflicts of law in the fields of divorce and administration of estates. Constitutional Law I Course (4 hours) The course focuses on the judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional Ii tiga tion; distribution of powers within the federal government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Constitutional Law II Course (2 hours) In the course the judicial role in the interpretation and securing of individual rights is examined. Topics include theory and history of the first amendment; loyalty-security programs; legislative investigations; assembly, picketing, and demonstrations; lobbying; judicial proceedings and disbarment; defamation; obscenity; prior restraint, and due process. Also studied are freedom of religion, private associations, and further examination of themes from Constitutional Law I, including fundamental rights (privacy, travel, franchise) and their relation to the Bill of Rights and the Due Process Clause. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law I. Constitutional Law: Advanced Course (2 hours) An in-depth examination into a number of advanced problems in Fourteenth Amendment constitutional theory. Among the subjects addressed will be the state action limitation , the fundamentality of certain interests, the distinction between governmental 25 �burdens and governmental benefits, review of the factual underpinnings of legislation, review of legislative motivation, Congress' power under Section 5, the role of precedent, and the "countermajoritarian" dilemma of judicial review. Constitutional Law, Advanced Problems in Seminar (2 hours) The seminar is designed to examine with more intensity some of the pervasive problems of constitutional law to which the student has been introduced in the basic courses. The topics to be selected will vary and a good faith attempt will be made to accommodate student interest. The dominant principle of selection, however, will be the thematic nature and analytical complexity of the subject matter. Within that range, priority will be given to issues prominent in current litigation and discussion. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law II. Consumer Protection, Credit Sales, and Poverty Seminar (2 hours) This seminar undertakes the examination of the legal , economic, historical, and social setting for the sale of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of the poor. The course examines (1) the installment credit sale and loan process and ( 2) legislative and judicial efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of credit extension and collection process. Specific subjects examined include regulation of credit reporting, regulation of credit terms and interest rates, truth in lending laws, prohibitions of discriminatory practices and creditor collection, practices and remedies, holder in due course doctrine, and contractual waiver of defenses. The Model co·nsumer Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the Report of the National Commission on Consumer Finance, and other proposals for legal changes will be considered. Contracts II Course (3 hours) A continuation of Contracts I: see course description of Con tracts I. Prerequisite: Contracts I. Contracts, Advanced Studies in Seminar (2 hours) The seminar offers an opportunity to study a particular problem area in contract and commercial law and to write a paper on that or some related problem. In 1981-82, the focus will be remedies of the seller and buyer under Article 2 of the UCC, with a part i cu I a r emphasis on specific performance. The objective will be to evaluate these remedies with an eye to possible revision of the relevant sections of the Code. Corporation Finance Course (3 hours) An examination of corporate financial matters, including corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise and securities valuation, the financial protection of security holders and creditors, dividend policy and regulations, and fairness and shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions. Pre requisites: Accounting and Corporations. Corporation Law, Current Problems in Seminar (2 hours) This course will focus on one or more topics of current interest in corporation law. A paper is required. Corporations Course (3 hours) The course will focus on the legal framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Applicable common law, statutory (state and federal) and administrative rules and procedures will be examined. Attention will be directed to problems of organization, dist rib u ti on of powers, corporate governance, fiduciary relationships, the regulation of securities transactions, proxy and reporting requirements, and the special problems of close corporations. Contracts I Counseling, Negotiation, and Litigation Course (3 hours) Course (3 hours) Introduction to the nature, functions, processes, and limitations of exchange, contract, and contract law . This course involves training in the techniques, tactics, and strategic considerations involved in the litigation process from the 26 �initial client interview through pre-trial discovery. The course will focus on interviewing and counseling of clients, pleadings, pre-trial motions , discovery, negotiations, and the relationship between these aspects of the litigation process. Class sessions will consist of lectures, simulated problems, interviews of actual clients, and discussion of selected problems in cases currently being litigated at the Northwestern Legal Clinic. Criminal Appellate Advocacy Seminar (2 hours) A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other state and federal post-conviction remedies. Prerequisite: Criminal Process or Police Practices. Criminal Evidence/ Criminal Trial Practice Seminar (2 hours) An exploration of the trial processes of a criminal case. The focus of this seminar is upon the strategy and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case. Plea bargaining, preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, arguments to the court and jury, and sentencing procedures are among the topics covered. Criminal Law Course (3 hours) The course analyzes the concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law. Areas of study include doctrines of criminal responsibility and intent; the role of the criminal law of harm vs. intent; strict liability in crime; statutory construction in criminal codes; the law of homicide, with special emphasis on felony murder and manslaughter; limitations on the criminal law imposed by the freedoms of speech, religion , assembly , and association, by the rights to privacy, due process, and equal protection of the laws, and by the prohibition of bills of attainder. Criminal Law, Current Problems in Seminar (2 hours) A consideration in depth of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. Materials to be announced. Criminal Process-Formal Proceedings Course (3 hours) The course covers the formal proceedings that make up the criminal process. After consideration of the right of the indigent within the criminal process, the course moves through the entire process from judicial proceedings prior to trial to post-trial proceedings. Such topics as grand jury and indictment, competency to stand trial , disclosure and discovery, and guilty pleas are studied . Standards for the establishment of a reasonable doubt, the ethics of prosecution and defense, submission of the case to a jury, trial motions. new trial motions, sentencing, and appeal are also considered. Dangerous Products, Law of Course (3 ·hours) This course examines both the private law and public regulation responses to product and process hazards. About two-thirds of the course is devoted to the common law of "product 1i ab i 1it y ," with an intensive examination of theories of liability and defense , the concept of defect, and problems of proof. Material on oral contraceptives as a paradigm case serves to introduce the other part of the course, which is a survey of several safety statutes. Topics covered in this part of the course include regulations of food safety both by the use of balancing tests and through the much-debated " De 1an e y Amendment" ; drug safety and efficacy; motor vehicle safety; the Consumer Product Safety Act. The course closes with an examination of two controversial policy problems illustrated by the area of drug safety: human experimentation and self-medication (e .g. , Laetrile). Debtor-Creditor Relations Course (3 hours) A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering collection liquidation, distribution of a debtor's estate, and the discharge of obligations; a 27 �comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Deceptive Trade Practices Course (3 hours) An expioration of the wide variety of deceptive trade practices in the marketplace for consumer goods and services, and an evaluation of the common law, legislative, and regulatory agency response to these practices. The common law approaches to problems of economic loss occasioned by deception will be considered in detail. The tort action of deceipt will be contrasted with actions based on warranty, restitutionary, and estoppel theories. The use of private class actions for redress of consumer injury will be explored as will recent developments in governmental efforts to obtain consumer redress. Consideration will be given to the tort of unfair competition and to the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis will be placed on the activities of the Federal Trade Commission in regulating unfair and deceptive advertising and sales practices. Detailed consideration will also be given to numerous statutes and regulations requiring sellers to disclose specific items of information to consumers. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized; students will work on pending or recently completed litigation, rulemaking proceedings, or legislative proposals. Economic Analysis of the Law Course (3 ho"rs) An examination of recently proposed theories that attempt to explain common law and statutory developments as the application of basic economic rules and generalizations. Contract, tort. criminal law, family law, and other categories a re analyzed from an economic perspective. Economic Regulation Seminar (2 hours) The goal of the seminar is to develop skills in understanding and evaluating the legal and political processes through which government deals with economic issues. How are " problems" identified? How are substantive "solutions" and I e g a I frameworks formulated and implemented? These ques- tions will be examined empirically through selected cases of government intervention taken to modify the consequences of "perceived" market defects or failures. These examples will be drawn from the areas of administrative regulation and public enterprise, and possibly from such other forms of intervention as tax incentives, direct payment subsidies, loan guarantee programs and import barriers. Following two or three introductory sessions , each student will concentrate on the supervised preparation of a "case study" paper as a basis for concluding reports and discussions. The seminar will emphasize the use of legislative materials. Economics, Law and Seminar (2 hours) An in-depth analysis of the law and economic theory. Prerequisite: Economic Analysis of the Law. Education, Law and Seminar (2 hours) The seminar will provide an analysis of the statutory, constitutional, and public policy considerations affecting the structure and processes of education in the United States. A major focus will be on the governance of educational institutions in both public and private sectors ; e.g., the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students. Employment Discrimination Course (2 hours) A study of the law of employment discrimi- nation , including such issues as race and sex discrimination , standardized testing, affirmative action, and quotas. English Legal History Course (3 hours) Study of selected aspects of English legal history, with primary emphasis on periods when English legal history is also American legal history, a phenomenon that continued on a large scale into the 19th century. Environmental Law Course (3 hours) A study of the policy and procedural choices in volved in the application of legal controls to uses of the human environment. Attention is given to definition of the appro- 28 �priate scope of environmental concern; to the economic impact of control; to the role and weight to be accorded to scientific assessment of future or potential hazards; to limitations imposed by the state of technology; and to the adequacy and efficacy of various forms of governmental organization, statutory schemes, and legal doctrines to meet societal goals in this field. Problem areas considered include hazards to health (pesticides, radiation), allocation of scarce resources (energy), preservation of threatened resources (wildlife species, wilderness), and allocation of costs of preserving or improving environmental quality (air and water pollution, strip mining). Prerequisite: Administrative Law or Regulated Industries. Estate Planning Seminar (2 hours) Planning for the disposition of property during life and at death is analyzed, in detail, taking into account principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, insurance, retirement benefits, real estate transactions, and income gift and estate taxation. Reasons for retaining property and increasing estate size are explored. A problem approach is used with emphasis upon tax and non-tax considerations in developing an appropriate estate plan and drafting instruments. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation, Federal Individual Income Tax, Estates and Trusts I. Estates and Trusts I Course (3 hours) Coverage includes intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts. Estates and Trusts II Course (3 hours) Topics inc 1u de the legal consequences of wills, trusts, and other dispositive documents, with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving class gifts, gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested and contingent interests, powers of appointment, the rule against perpetuities and changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration; charitable trusts. Estates and Trusts I, although not a prerequisite, provides helpful background material. Ethics, Law and Seminar (2 hours) The seminar focuses upon the relation of morality to law: the nature of moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality, responsibility for behavior and strict liability, and the obligation to resist immoral laws. Evidence Course (3 hours) Areas of examination include the tests and concepts of relevance, the hearsay rule and its expectations, competency and examination of witnesses, admission and exclusion of evidence, demonstrative evidence, writings, presumptions, and privileges. Family Law Course (3 hours) This course examines the legal problems involved in the formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family. Emphasis is given to the problems of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage, intra-family economic rights, adoptions, illegitimacy, and child custody. Family Law II Seminar (2 hours) This seminar will focus, in depth, on current issues of particular concern in the area of family law. Such topics as an adopted person's access to public records concerning her/his birth, and the homosexual's right to custody of his/her children have been explored. Prerequisite: Family Law. Federal Jurisdiction Course (2 hours) The course covers the history of the federal judicial system. structure and business of the federal courts, nature of the federal judicial function. diversity of citizenship, federal questions, jurisdictional amount, removal jurisdiction, law applicable in federal courts. Food and Drug Law Seminar (2 hours) A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, with em- 29 �phasis on the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Foreign Law Seminar achieve internationally-binding antitrust law. Substantive and procedural American, EEC, and other foreign antitrust law will be studied. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law. International Law Seminar (2 hours) Course (3 hours) The seminar will be offered by law teachers from foreign countries on a visiting basis. Such periodic visitors would be expected to survey their own legal structures, as an advanced program in comparative law. An introduction to international law from a problem-oriented perspective. Students will participate actively in four major hypothetical cases in the following issue areas; human rights, international ecosystem, warpeace, and economic development. Traditional categories of international law will be covered as part of the preparation for the four-issue areas. Insurance Law Course (3 hours) Basics of insurance law are examined including the principles of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk transferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc.); recovery by insured nothwithstanding contract terms (waivers, estoppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims; and governmental regulations and sponsorship of insurance. International Business Transactions Seminar (2 hours) An examination of the legal problems of doing business abroad , including ( among others) host country restrictions on foreign investment and technology transfers, the extra-territorial application of American antitrust and securities laws, foreign acquisition of American real estate, and certain problems of American taxation of foreign corporations and non-resident aliens. Materials to be announced. International and Foreign Antitrust Law Course (2 hours) U.S. antitrust law. as it applies in foreign trade and markets; foreign antitrust law, with emphasis upon the European Common Market (EEC) and some reference to national laws, such as those of the United Kingdom, Western Germany, France, and Japan ; international cooperation against cartels and restrictive practices; and efforts to International Law, Private Seminar (2 hours) This course will consider the legal problems of individuals, corporations, and other legal entities engaged in activities across national boundaries, including such areas as the extraterritorial reach of national legislation; host country restrictions on foreign investment, foreign licensing, and other transnational economic activity; expropriations; and transnational adjudication and enforcement of foreign judgments. The course will also consider such basic elements of international legal problems as the role of treaties and the powers of the various branches of the federal government. International Protection of Human Rights Seminar (2 hours) A comparative study of international institutions and techniques for protecting individual rights. Focus will be placed on recent experience under the European Convention on Human Rights, the Inter-American System for Protection of Human Rights, and the United Nations Organs for the Protection of Human Rights. Constitutional problems involved in United States adherence to international conventions for the protection of human rights will also be examined. International Trade Course (3 hours) The first part of the course will examine the major aspects of international transactions involving the sale of goods, including the most common types of export-import con30 �tracts; some problems of carriage of goods, principally by sea; the use of letters of credit to finance sales; and international commercial arbitration. This part will conclude by examining efforts to unify the law of commercial transactions on an international basis. The second part of the course will consider the governmental trade controls imposed by the United States on such transactions, including export licensing, tariffs, and the various provisions designed to protect American business against such forms of "unfair" foreign competition as dumping and export subsidies. International arrangements which tend to limit the ability of national governments to control international trade, such as bilateral treaties and the GA TT, also will be considered . International Travel, Law of Seminar (2 hours) The seminar will consider the various legal consequences of emigration, immigration, and other aspects of int er nation al travel. Emphasis will be placed upon the Immigration and Nationality Act, and will include discussion of citizenship, naturalization, deportation, and admission of aliens to the United States. The seminar will also discuss regulation of aliens, international extradition and the concept of a right to international travel. Jurisprudence Course (3 hours) Current legal philosophy will be examined to sharpen analytical and theoretical skills. Every case can be viewed as conflict in statutory or precedent interpretation between narrow literalness and broad purposefulness . The course will focus upon this positivist vs. naturalist duality, the aim being to recognize in which mode one's adversary position lies and to use the appropriate legal theory heuristically to improve argumentative efficacy. Juvenile Law Seminar (2 hours) An examination and analysis of law relating to juveniles both in court ( waiver of jurisdiction, delinquency, minor in need of supervision, and neglect and dependency proceedings) and out of court in the context of schools, institutions, and the home. Labor Arbitration Seminar (2 hours) An examination of selected arbitration decisions and current problems in arbitration. Students will write decisions based on transcripts of act u a 1 arbitration proceedings, take part in a mock hearing, and have the opportunity to see an actual hearing. Prerequisite: Labor Law. Labor Law Course (3 hours) An examination of the legal framework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment through collective bargaining. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative, and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be studied. Labor Law, Advanced Problems in Seminar (2 hours) The subject matter of this seminar will vary from year to year. In 1981, it dealt with public sector labor law, and it is possible that the same area will be covered in 1982. Other subjects being considered for possible inclusion in 1982 are labor negotiation techniques, techniques of dispute resolution, the relationship between the individual and the union, labor policy, and labor relations. Labor Law: Public Sector Seminar (2 hours) Legal and public po 1icy issues posed by public sector collective bargaining are analyzed . In addition to examining in detail the legal and statutory basis for collective bargaining in the public sector, this course will explore the practical ramification of collective bargaining on public administration. The various policy issues in such areas as unit determination, scope of bargaining, union security, and impasse resolution will be examined and the alternative approaches discussed . Prerequisite: Labor Law. Labor Law, Selected Problems in Seminar (2 hours) This seminar focuses on a selected problem of labor relations, e.g., sex discrimination in employment, individual rights vs. collected interests. The topic varies from year to year 31 �and will be announced by the instructor at the beginning of the semester. Land Use, Public and Private Control of Course (3 hours) A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control the use of land. On the private law side, consensual arrangements (easements, covenants, and the like) are analyzed in some depth and are compared briefly with tort devices (nuisance and trespass). On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning and subdivision control, with some comparative treatment of pollution control. These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related factual situations-rather than doctrinally. Prerequisite: Real Estate Transactions. Legal Ethics Course (2 hours) An examination of some of the ethical problems encountered in individual practice and issues facing the profession as a whole. The course will cover topics such as representing conflicting interests, preserving client confidentiality, corporate lawyers' responsibility, obligation to represent an unpopular client, access to legal services, representing poor clients, advertising, admission to the bar, discipline, and the application of the Code of Professional Responsibility to those problems. The Legal Profession Seminar (2 hours) A systematic analysis of the structure of the legal profession. Attention will be given to the effects on lawyers' careers of their social origins, ethnicities and law school training, to the differentiation of the profession into separate specialty bars, and to the effects of these on patterns of delivery of legal services to different sorts of clients. Legal Writing Course (4 hours) The first semester's work consists of instruction in legal problem solving, use of research tools, and in the writing of several legal memoranda. Instruction is given in small section meetings and in individual conferences. The second semester's work consists primarily of brief writing and of oral argument of appellate cases that raise issues of current legal interest and importance. Each student will argue before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys and members of the faculty on the bench. Legislative Process Course (3 hours) An examination of the law of legislatures and of legislation. Primary emphasis will be placed on problems of interpretation of statutes, the role of legislative purpose and the use of legislative history in ascertaining that purpose. Other problems to be addressed as time permits include constitutional limits on the types of things legislatures can do, discipline of members and nonmembers, the role of committees and of lobbyists, and legislative apportionment. Patent and Copyright Law Course (2 hours) A study of the substantive law of patents and copyrights and the relation of antitrust policy to patent monopolies. The course is structured for general law interest as well as for students intending to specialize in intellectual property. Police Practices and Exclusionary Principles Course (3 hours) The course includes a study of the law of a rrest, search and seizure, interrogation, eyewitness identification procedures, and electronic surveillance and treatment of the exclusion from evidence of illegally obtained data and subsidiary principles related to the administration of exclusionary rule. Property Course (4 hours) Introduction to the Jaw of real property. Areas of examination include historical background; basic property concepts; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, and for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord and tenant, with special emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests; concurrent interests. 32 �Psychiatry, Law and Seminar (2 hours) The initial phase of the seminar, which is offered in conjunction with the Medical School's department of psychiatry, will be devoted to a study of psychiatric disorders, their etiology and treatment. In the second phase, the focus will shift to selected legalpsychiatric problems in criminal law and hospitalization of the mentally ill. Real Estate Development Course (2 hours) The course comprises an examination of legal issues involved in structuring various types of real estate developments, including cooperatives, condominiums, planned unit developments, new towns, and shopping centers. Alternative financing techniques will be compared and contrasted, with consideration given to the federal government's role in the mortgage market. The rights, obligations, and remedies of lender, contractor, and developer will be discussed. Prerequisite: Real Estate Transactions. Real Estate Investment Seminar (2 hours) The seminar is an examination, principally from the viewpoint of the investor-developer and his attorney, of the real estate decision making process. By utilization of the case method-studying several selected actual real estate problems-the course strives to develop risk sensitivity and an in-depth understanding of the real estate business. Real Estate Transactions Course (3 hours) An analysis of the basic elements of land transfer and finance: the real estate sales contract; problems arising during the executory period; conveyancing; recording and registration of land ti ties; title insurance; mortgages; the installment land contract and other mortgage substitutes; priorities; the effect of assignments. Also, the posture and role of the professionals likely involved: the broker, the institutional lender, the developer, and the lawyer. Regulated Industries Course (3 hours) For the purpose of this course, "Regulated Industries" is defined to cover those sectors of the economy in which administrative regulation has significantly displaced competition and antitrust regulation in determining price, output and industry structure. The course will examine critically the underlying assumptions and substantive rules applicable to "natural monopolies" and "regulated competition." Current trends toward reduced administrative regulation will be considered. The quasi-public status of regulated sectors of the economy will be considered, as reflected in the system of internal cross subsidies and other specially imposed welfare obligations. A critical examination will be made of the judicial accommodation of conflicts between administrative and antitrust regulation from the standpoint of the achievement of their common economic goals. Sales and Sales Financing Course (3 hours) The focus will be on contracts for the sale of goods under Article 2 of the UCC and the creation and perfection of security interests in goods under Article 9 of the UCC. Stress will be placed upon problems in the creation, performance and enforcement of contracts for sale and the use of goods as co 11 ate r a 1 in credit transactions, including the nature and importance of recurring transactions, proper Code methodology, the role of the attorney as a planner and the overlap of the Code with other legislation, such as the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act and the Bankruptcy Reform Act. The course complements courses in secured transactions, commercial paper and consumer protection. Science and the Legal System Seminar (2 hours) This seminar deals with a series of related issues posed by the legal system's efforts to control the hazards, while preserving the benefits, of modern technology. The subject matter includes definition of science as an enterprise; exploration of the concept of experimentation; investigation of the issue of when the law is justified in interfering with individual choice in matters of person a 1 safety (e.g., the self-medication problem). The seminar will treat numerous discrete topics as case histories presenting legal issues in the control of science and technology. Among these problems, some of which 33 �may be discussed by students reporting on research for papers, are regulation of prescription drugs; industrial pollutants; biochemical research ; nuclear waste disposal; radiation hazards in consumer products; the problem of "whistle-blowing" in government and industry. Scientific Evidence Course (2 hours) The course focuses on the technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the preparation and trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. Secured Transactions Course (3 hours) The course covers secured financing of commercial and consumer goods with special reference to transactions in motor vehicles, fixtures, inventory, and receivables; consignments, equipment, leasing, and field warehousing; security interests in proceeds of the collateral and after-acquired property; priorities, with de ta i I e d consideration of the priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course, and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems of the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Securities Regulation Course (3 hours) Areas of study in the course include an indepth analysis of regulation of distribution of securities under the Securities Act of 1933, advanced consideration of securities law civil liabilities, and treatment of regulation of broker-dealers under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Prerequisite: Corporations. Securities Regulation: Advanced Seminar (2 hours) The securities industry, including regulation of investment companies, the role of selfregulatory organizations and the proposed national market system will be analyzed. Special attention will be given to the role of attorneys and accountants under the federal securities laws . Prerequisites: Corporations and Securities Regulation. Securities Regulation, Advanced Problems in Seminar (2 hours) Advanced problems in secunt1es regulation, to be selected by the instructor and analyzed in depth. Senior Research Senior Research may be taken by third-year students for 4 to 12 credit hours in one or two semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in the first semester taken) in any field of study upon agreement with the supervising professor, subject to the rules governing the program which are available from the Registrar's Office or the Director of Research. Social Change, Law and Course (3 hours) An examination of the relationship between legal institutions ( primarily the courts, but also the legislature and administrative agencies) and social change in the United States. Emphasis will be given to "litigation campaigns," which seek to use the courts to bring about social change. The substantive areas which will be used to illustrate these relationships include several in which there has been substantial legal and social change in the recent past, including equal educational opportunity, welfare, women's rights, and the environment. Social Order, Law and Course (3 hours) A survey of relationships between the legal and social orders. Consideration will be given both to the legal order as an affirmative instrument of social, political, and economic change and to the processes through which the legal order accommodates to such ch an g e. Specific illustrations of the role of the legal order in balancing the elements of progress and stability will also be examined. State and Local Government Course (3 hours) Topics will be chosen from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and problems of metropolitan areas, with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. 34 �Tax, Advanced Problems in Corporate Taxation of Foreign Income Seminar (2 hours) Course (2 hours) Intensive examination of problems to which the student has been introduced in the Federal Corporate Income Tax course. Topics will be selected prim a r i 1y , but not exclusively, from the areas of tax free corporate divisions; redemptions by related corporations; liquidation-reincorporations; net operating loss carryovers and carrybacks, and acquisitions and sales of corporate businesses. Prerequisite: Federal Corporate Income Tax. An examination of United States taxation of the foreign source income of domestic persons and corporations and of United States taxation of non-resident aliens and foreign corporations. Tax, Federal Corporate Income Course (3 hours) The study of federal income taxation of corporations and shareholders. Detailed analysis of the tax implications under the statute, administrative rulings, and case Jaw of corporate reorganizations, the incorporation process and corporate distributions, including stock redemptions and liquidations. The judge-made doctrines of continuity of interest, business purpose and step transactions are examined in varied applications. Prerequisites: A ccounti11g, Corporatio11s, and Federal Income Tax. Torts I Course (3 houn) Coverage includes protection of personality, property, and relational interests against physical , appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract, and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals , landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, and private and common caITiers; study of the effects of modern socio-economic concepts on the development of tort law and of the operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Torts II Course (3 hours) Tax, Federal Individual Income Course (3 hours) An introduction to the statute on federal income taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of ind iv id u a Is, family property arrangements, and common business and investment transactions; administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. Taxation, Federal Estate and Gift Course (3 hours) A study of the federal transfer tax system that affects transfer of property during life or at death. Special emphasis will be given to the effects of the Revenue Act of 1978 as it amended the changes in estate and gift taxation made by the Tax Reform Act of 1976. The Unified Tax Credit, valuation and basis problems, and marital and charitable deductions merit and also receive consideration. A continuation of Torts I; see course description of Torts I. Torts: Advanced Course (3 hours) Tort theories and remedies concerning m1uries to trade, family, community, and political relations. Areas of study include common law, unfair competition, boycotts, trademark and trade name infringement, trade libel and disparagement, misappropriation of trade secrets, ideas. names, likenesses, history, and other values; and interference with contractual re I at ions. Also wrongful death and survival actions; actions against third persons for damages due to injuries suffered by other family members; actions for "wrongful life"; mistreatment of ill and deceased relatives; and actions for alienation of affections. criminal conversation, seductio:i. and abduction are covered. Also constitutional and common law cases concerning defamation, libel, slander, and 35 �privacy; interference with rights of citizenship; abuse of power to arrest, misuse of judicial process; and malicious prosecution. Prerequisites: Torts I and II. Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Unfair Trade Practices Course (2 hours) The course examines the principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Also studied are deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Trial Practice I Course (2 hours) An introduction to ligitation in which the student, using tested hypothetical cases, prepares and participates in the selection of a jury, opening statements, the direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and closing arguments. Discovery devices will be discussed such as interrogatories, requests for production of documents, subpoenas, depositions, and pre-trial orders. Trial tactics and the use of motions will be covered. The students will assume the roles of counsel, witness, juror, and judge. Although the instructor will demonstrate from time to time, the primary teaching mode will be student participation with instructor cntlque. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. Trial Practice II Course (1 hour) The students, with some faculty supervision, will prepare and try one complete case before a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. The trials will be held in the Civic Center on two Saturdays, and each trial will be completed on one trial day. Each student will act as lead counsel in one trial and as a witness in a second trial. The students will appear from time to time before the instructor, acting as a judge, on motion and status calls. They will use such discovery procedures and make such motions as they deem necessary. The final trials will be critiqued by the instructor and the presiding judge. A written trial brief will be required and/or jury instruction. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I, Evidence, and Trial Practice I. Trial Practice I & II Course (3 hours) This course combines Trial Practice I and II, described above. It is a one semester course utilizing a teaching team consisting ·of a team leader experienced in teaching trial advocacy, a sitting judge, two experienced trial lawyers, and an administrative assistant. The students perform as trial counsel in each phase of the trial. Members of the teaching team give demonstration performances. Many of the student performances are videotaped and reviewed by a team member on an individual basis. The students also prepare and try a complete case before a sitting judge and jury in the Circuit Court of Cook County. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. United States Supreme Court Litigation, Current Seminar (2 hours) This seminar concentrates on cases pending in the United States Supreme Court during the current term. These cases are examined first on the basis of the lower court opinions and the briefs of counsel filed in the Supreme Court. Cases are assigned to individual students for argument before the seminar as a whole, sitting as the Court. The cases are then discussed in "conference" and tentatively decided by vote of the seminar; they are then assigned to individual students for the writing of opinions which are circulated to the seminar for final vote. Writing credit may be obtained by suitable revision of the opinions. Urban Housing Problems Seminar (2 hours) An examination of the housing and related community development problems of metropolitan areas and the relationship of the law to those problems and their solution. 36 �Welfare Litigation Course (2 hours) An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and some problems of equal protection and an interpretation of the Soda! Security Act. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems also will be examined against the background of the present law. Women and the Law Course (2 hours) A consideration of the sex roles in contem- porary society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated by doctrines of constitutional law, family law, labor law, property law, and the like. Emphasis will be placed upon the societal contexts in which doctrinal development occurred and in which it operates today. Office of Career Counseling and Placement A student discusses a case with a Legal Clinic attorney. 37 �Morton J. Horwitz, professor of law at Harvard University, delivered the 1981 Rosenthal Lectures in Lincoln Hall. Class of 1981 Convocation ceremony 38 �Endowments, Supplemental Programs, Honors, and Prizes In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, students can broaden their vision and develop the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of significant research and scholarship. One of the principal programs supported by the Foundation is the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront of distinguished lecture programs in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures. Their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. Since 1927, scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal Foundation. The first lecturer was Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law at Oxford University. His lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal History by Macmillan. Other lecturers: In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice; In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The 39 �Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press; In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris; In 1934, Charles Warren, author of The Supreme Court in United States History and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press; In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University; In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc.; In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who had been intimately associated with the establishment and devolpment of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later Umted States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the fields of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture, "The Soviet Union and International Law." Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures, "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures, "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures, "World Law, World Community, and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures, "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952-53, the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; and 'The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures, 'The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures, "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard 40 �University; Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations; and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; and "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 19 58, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures, "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures, "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In I 960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a faculty member and former Dean of the Law School, delivered a series of lectures, "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures, "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures, "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a v,olume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures, "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics, and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist; William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University; and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures, "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In the fall of 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures, "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures, "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In I 968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Co41 �lumbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures, "The Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center and formerly Deputy Director of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a series of lectures, "General Disarmament and World Law." In 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930), former Justice of the U . S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series of lectures, "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on Its Past, Present and Future," published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former member of the Law School Faculty and later United States Secretary of Labor, presented a series of lectures, "Labor and the Law." In 197 3, a series of lectures was presented on the general subject "Perspectives on Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Columbia University; The Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U . S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures have been published as a single volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1974, three lectures on the general subject "Equitable Sharing of World Resources" were given by Oscar Schachter, Director of Studies, United Nations Institute for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division , United Nations. The lectures have been published by the Columbia University Press. In 1975, Ronald M. Dworkin, Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University, delivered a series of lectures on the subject "What Is Law?" In 1976, Jerome Alan Cohen, Professor of Law and Director of East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, lectured on the topic "Is There Law in China?" The lectures will be published. In 1977, Archibald Cox, Carl M. Loeb University Professor at Harvard University Law School, lectured on "Constitutional Law under the Burger Court." One lecture has been published in The Northwestern University Law Review. In 1978, Willard H . Pedrick, Professor of Law and founding Dean of Arizona State University College of Law, lectured on "Death Taxes and the Living." The lectures have been published by Commerce Clearing House. In 1979, Ian R. Macneil, Frank B. Ingersoll Professor of Law at Cornell Law School, lectured on "The New Social Contract : An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations. " The lectures have been published by the Yale University Press. In 198 I , Morton J. Horwitz, Professor of Law at Harvard Law School, lectured on "The Place of Justice Holmes in American Legal Thought." The lectures will be published. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in the Law School in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and European authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics, and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor reltions, general economic and industrial or42 �ganization, administrative regulation, land use, and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants William L. Cary, John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Dennis Thompson, W. Willard Wirtz, and many other distinguished scholars, jurists, and public officials. The foundation also provides funds for research grants to faculty members. OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A trust established by the late Cranston Spray, Class of 1923, and his widow, Catharine Spray, provides income used for stipends for students to conduct research in support of effective law enforcement. Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest of more than $250,000 from the estate of Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds which may be used for the support of research, special lectures, clinical training, and other Law School programs and needs. Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert Kocourek, Professor on the Law School faculty from 1907 to 1940 and Professor Emeritus from 1940 until his death in 1952, provides a fund of more than $200,000, which, under the terms of the will, is to be used to promote research and teaching in the field of legislation and to purchase books for the library's jurisprudence collection. Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest of more than $100,000 under the will of Warren B. Buckley, Class of 1913, provides funds which may be used to support various programs of the Law School. William M. Trumbull Fund. A bequest of approximately $160,000 by the late William M. Trumbull, Class of 1941 and Professor of Law from 1952 to 1965, provides funds to be used in the discretion of the Dean for Law School purposes, such as special lectures, research, library, Legal Clinic, and other programs of the Law School. Robert Childres Memorial Fund. A fund has been established by faculty, students, and alumni in memory of Robert Childres who was a Professor of Law at Northwestern at the time of his death in 1976. He had been a member of the faculty since 1967. Because Professor Childres was Director of Research and because he was particularly interested in contracts, sales, and related areas, income from the Fund is used to support research in those fields. Many alumni contribute to the fund on an annual basis. Joseph Buchwald Fund. A fund of approximately $9,000 has been established by Charles Buchwald, in memory of his father, to be used to install in any new building of the Law School the wood paneling, benches, desks, emblems, replicas, seals, and symbols of the law installed in the present buildings during Dean Wigmore's era and to preserve paintings, pictures, and other decorative objects of the Law School. Vilas M. Swan Fund. Income from a bequest of $10,000 from the estate of the late Vilas M. Swan, Class of 1920, may be used for Law School purposes at the discretion of the Dean. Russell Baker Fund for Research in International Law and Business. The Russell Baker Fund for Research in International Law and Business was established in November 1979 to honor the memory of Russell Baker, founder of the international law firm of Baker & McKenzie. The Baker Fund was created through the generosity of Andrew W. Brainerd '49, a partner in Brainerd & Bridges and a long-time friend and former law partner 43 �of Mr. Baker. The Fund has grown through contributions made by present members of the Baker & McKenzie firm. Mr. Brainerd's initial gift to the fund was $25,000. Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund. The Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund has been established at Northwestern University School of Law in memory of Ray Garrett, Jr. who was a teacher at the School of Law, a chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission , and a member of the Chicago law firm of Gardner, Carton & Douglas. The Fund will support scholarly research in the field of corporate and securities law to which Mr. Garrett devoted his career and has en ab I e d the School of Law to create "The Ray Garrett, Jr. Corporate and Securities Law Institute," designed to provide an annual in-depth examination of developments in corporate and securities law. The Fund was established through an initial gift by Gardner, Carton & Douglas, its partners and associates. A committee of Mr. Garrett's friends and colleagues assisted in seeking contributions to augment the Fund. LIBRARY ENDOWMENTS In addition to a general University appropriation, the Law School Library is supported by many annual gifts from alumni and friends and by a number of special endowments. The largest endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endownment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H . Gary (LLB ., 1867) , then chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LLB., 1909). In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore F und was established. Barnet Hodes (LLB., 1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local gov- ernment. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LLB., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A . Shapiro Endowment Fund, established in 1968 , honors the memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County. Also in that year, Walter H . Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul W. Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science, and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. In addition, Mr. Cutler provided funds in honor of Professor James A. Rahl when he was dean (1972-77) for development of an especially fine collection on the European Common Market and on international business law. In 1970 a substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams increased the library's endowment fund. In 1971 , the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore in memory of the late Professor Robert Wyness Millar, a member of the Law faculty, 1915-42, and Professor Emeritus, 1942-59. The income from this fund is used for the purchase of books. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided a major endowment in 1972, known as the Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Library Fund, for the purchase of books, materials, and equipment. In 1974, under the will of Albert Kocourek, a fund was established for the purchase of books on jurisprudence. Professor Kocourek was a member of the Law faculty, 1907-40, and Professor Emeritus, 1940-52. In 1975, a bequest of Walter W. Winget provided a major endowment for the purchase of books on real property, wills, and probate law. Mr. Winget received his J.D. degree from Northwestern in 44 �1926 and practiced law for many years in Peoria, Illinois. In 1980, the library received a $550,000 grant from the Woods Charitable Fund, Inc . to recatalog, reclassify and automate the Law Library collection. The grant will fund a five-year program designed to achieve dramatic improvements in the administration of the Law School's 400,000 volume collection, the tenth largest academic collection in the United States. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ENDOWMENTS In addition to funds provided by the University and generous annual gifts of alumni and others for scholarship purposes in the Law School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law students at Northwestern : George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $640,000 was bequeathed to the School by Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income from this fund and such part of the principal as may be deemed appropriate is awarded to students selected by the Dean. John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several students of exceptional promise and ability may be designated each year as Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full tuition, and in special cases of need they may include an additional grant toward expenses. Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. A student of exceptional ability in each class who has a goal of devoting his or her life to public service is awarded a Hardy Scholarship. The scholarships are in memory of Clarion DeWitt Hardy, a distinguished member of the faculty of the School of Speech, and were originally established by the late Owen L. Coon of the Law School Class of 1919. After his death in 1948, they were carried on until 1973 by the Owen L. Coon Foundation. In recognition of the generous support given the School by Mr. Coon and by members of his family and of the Foundation board, the Law School decided in 1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships as described above. In the selection of Scholars, weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full tuition and, in special cases of need, may include an additional grant toward expenses. Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C. Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided a fund of more than $100,000, the income from which is used for scholarships, fellowships, loans, or other financial assistance in the Law School. In 1976, Mr. Austin's partners in the firm of Sidley & Austin added $25 ,000 to the principal of the fund in his honor. Recipients are selected by the Dean in consultation with an Advisory Committee, taking into consideration scholarship, interest in and attitude toward the Law School and University, conduct in and out of class, and need. Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald Deller established a trust of $10,000 to provide a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923 , who was a great admirer of John Henry Wigmore. Income from the trust fund is to be used annually to provide a scholarship for a needy and worthy student whose studies include subjects relating to social welfare law. Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty, and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship 4S �support for deserving minority group students. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financi al assistance. Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $ 17,000, the income to be expended annuall y for the purchase of books by needy students for use in their class work . Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund , the income from which is applied annu ally to aid one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In 1974, the Chicago B_ar Foundation established a scholarsh~p fund for students at Northwestern and other Chicago law schools. The scholarships are to be awarded to students with financial need as selected by the Dean. Class of 1952 Scholarship. The Class of 1952 makes an annual contribution to the Law School to provide a full tuition scholarship for a financially needy student of exceptional ability and promise. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts by many friends and associates of David Axelrod, Class of 1933, who died in 1976, have been used to begin a scholarship fund in his memory. Deserving students are to be selected for assistance by the Dean on the basis of need. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. The Decalogue Society of Lawyers Scholarship Fund. In 1977, the Decalogue Society of Lawyers gave $5,000 to endow a scholarship in memory of the late Richard G. Kahn of the Class of 1950. The income is awarded annually to a needy and worthy student selected by the Director of Financial Aid. Decalogue Society of Lawyers Scholarship Fund. In memory of Oscar M. Nudelman, a past president of the society, dedicated worker in all community affairs and a member of the Class of 1923 , the income from this endowment is used to provide a scholarship every year for a deserving law student. Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A fund of $64,000 was established in 1972, under the sponsorship of the John Henry Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished service as Dean of the Law School from 1957 to 1972. Income from the fund is to be awarded annually to provide scholarship assistance to a deserving student selected by the Dean of the Law School. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, 46 �distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate student of the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance. Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship Fund. The Edwin E . Perkins Foundation has made gifts totaling $145,000 to endow a fund, the income from which is to be used, in the discretion of the Dean, to provide scholarship assistance to one or more deserving students. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need. Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. In October 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. , a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the armed forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the armed forces. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who, from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need, deserves financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was president of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust with a principal amount of $240,000 under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Frank C. Nicholas Scholarship Fund. In 1980, Frank C. Nicholas '52 created a full-tuition scholarship at the School of Law. The scholarship is awarded to a student who has demonstrated a substantial measure of self-reliance in meeting the costs of his/ her education. Selfreliance is determined by looking to an individual's employment history, the percentage of educational expenses which the individual has borne, outstanding financial obligations, and family circumstances. Any sign of entrepreneurial instinct, spirit or achievement shall be regarded with particular favor in awarding a scholarship. The recipient of a Frank C. Nicholas Scholarship must also realize that he or she is the beneficiary 47 �of alumni support. In accepting such support, the student also recognizes that he or she also accepts a moral obligation to continue this legacy for future generations of students. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB. 1897, LLD. 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming a worthy and outstanding member of the bar of Illinois. George A. Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts by Mrs. George A. Basta totaling about $21,000 have established a fund honoring her late husband, George A. Basta of the Class of 1909. The income provides scholarship assistance for deserving students selected by the Dean. George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to endow a scholarship fund in memory of the testator's late son, who was a member of the Law School class which entered in 1939. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her husband, a member of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii, selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to needy students residing in the Chicago area. Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund. In 1979, Isidore Brown of the Class of 1915 established a fund at the School of Law to provide scholarships for outstanding students who give promise of leadership and are not in the top 10 percent of their Law School class. Brown, senior partner in the Chicago law firm of Brown, Dashow, Arons and Doran, has been in general practice for 66 years and was master in chancery of the Circuit Court for 42 years. The Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund was funded with an initial gift of $100,000 by Judge Brown and his two sons Roger and Howard. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts of $37,000 by the Susan and Jerome Ettelson Foundation have provided an endowment, the income from which is to be used, in the discretion of the Dean, to provide scholarships to students showing promise of academic excellence. Mr. Ettelson is a member of the Class of 1941. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. The sum of $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in the Law School who is in need of financial assistance. 48 �The Joan Carmell Matlaw Scholarship Fund. In 1977 Dr. Ralph E. Matlaw established a scholarship fund in memory of his wife, Joan Carmell Matlaw of the Class of 1951, for the purpose of awarding scholarship assistance to students who have indicated special interest in areas of law relating to medicine, including mental health and the delivery of medical services. Mrs. Matlaw was chief counsel and director of the Office of Legal Affairs at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical Center in Chicago and was one of the principal authors of the Illinois Mental Health Code in 1968. John S. Lord Scholarship Fund. The Chicago law firm of Lord, Bissell & Brook established a scholarship fund in memory of their founding partner, John S. Lord. Income from the initial gift of $25,000 is used annually to provide scholarship assistance to a student showing outstanding scholastic accomplishment. Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $75,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 contributed by the alumni of the School is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books to be used each year by a freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is selected by the Dean. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law· student. Richard E. Powell Scholarship Fund. The law firm of Isham, Lincoln & Beale in Chicago has established a fu 11 tuition scholarship at the Law School in memory of Richard E. Powell of the Class of 1957. Mr. Powe II was a distinguished practitioner and a member of the Isham, Lincoln & Beale firm. While a student at the Law School, Mr. Powell served as editorin-chief of the Law Review. His academic achievement was recognized by election to the Order of the Coif, and his contribution to the School was evidenced by his receipt of the Wigmore Key, awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Russell H. Matthias Sr. Endowment Fund. Mr. Matthias, a senior partner in the Chicago law firm of Meyers and Matthias and a 1932 Law School graduate, established an endowment with an initial gift of securities valued in excess of $50,000. The income is to provide scholarships for one or more outstanding students each year to assist them in meeting educational expenses. 49 �Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a student in the Law School. Thad M. Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who needs financial assistance. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund at the School of Law. The scholarship is a memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne of the Class of 1866, whose father was the founder of the Law School. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day Sr. He has since increased the fund to a principal of more than $200,000. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Walter H. Moses Scholarship. Established by the Chicago Bar Foundation in 1975 through a gift from Mrs. Walter H. Moses in memory of her late husband, who was a leading and highly respected member of the Chicago Bar, the Walter H. Moses Scholarship is awarded for a consecutive three year period to the accredited law schools in the Chicago area in rotation. For the period beginning in 1979 Northwestern University School of Law will select an entering student to be the recipient of the Moses Scholarship. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lt. Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to pursue the study of law. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship to a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than 10 years. CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION Continuing Legal Education was a part of the Law School program as early as 1936 when Professor Fred E . Inbau established the Short Course for Prosecuting Attorneys. In 1957 he added the Short Course for D efense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. Both courses continue today, having become annual programs sponsored by the School of Law. Professor Inbau served as Course Director until his retirement in 1978, and during his tenure, the Short Courses established national reputations for the unique format and high quality of their presentations. In recent years, the Prosecutors' Course has attracted as many as 550 and the Defense Course as many as 300 attorneys from nearly every state and a number of foreign countries. Each program runs a full week, offering instruction in the trial and preparation of criminal cases. The courses provide a forum for exchange of information, discussion of significant developments in criminal law and procedure, and consideration of new methods of scientific investigation and proof. The faculty for both Short Courses includes prosecutors, _public defenders, private practitioners, judges, law teachers, military lawyers, and renowned scientific experts from across the country. In 1962, the Law School, in cooperation with the Illinois Institute for Con50 �tinuing Legal Education, established the Annual Corporate Counsel Institute, which is co-sponsored by the Committee on Corporate Law Departments of the American Bar Association's Section on Corporation, Banking and Business Law, the Committee on Corporate Law Departments of the Chicago Bar Association, and the Section on Corporate Law Departments of the Illinois State Bar Association . This two-day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The Institute, which is one of the nation's most respected programs in corporate law, draws 600 to 800 lawyers from all areas of the United States. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners , lawyers within corporate law departments, government officials, law professors , and other experts in the fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Th e Ray Garrett, Jr. Corporate and Securities Law lnstit111e has been made possible through the establishment of The Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund at Northwestern University School of Law in memory of Ray Garrett, Jr. , who was a teacher at the School of Law, chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and a member of the Chicago law firm of Gardner, Carton & Douglas. The Institute has been designed to provide an annual in-depth examination of special areas of corporate and securities law, and the format reflects the scholarly interest which marked Ray Garrett's career. The first Institute was held in 1981 and was entitled "'Standards for Regulating Corporate Internal Affairs," Eleven papers were presented by respected law teachers, private practitioners, corporate attorneys, and government officials. Following each presentation, two additional Institute faculty members made comments on the papers, thus providing more than one view on each subject. All of the papers are published as a volume of the Institute's proceedings. Once a year, the National Institute for Trial Advocacy (NITA) conducts at the Law School a program designed to train lawyers in the skills of effective trial advocacy. During the NIT A program, participants are divided into teams of 25 members who receive direction and guidance from outstanding trial lawyers and judges who voluntarily devote their time to training new lawyers. The program is divided into two nineday sessions, and participants act u a 11 y conduct a civil and criminal trial, alternately serving as witnesses and counsel. NIT A, an outgrowth of the American Bar Association's Section on Judicial Administration, is funded by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration , the Practicing Law Institute and other organizations. Students interested in attending a program should contact the Continuing Legal Education office for further information . CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS AND POLICY RESEARCH. The Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research at Northwestern was established in 1968 to promote interdisciplinary urban policy research and training. As a university-wide research facility, it mobilizes teams of faculty, research associates, graduate and undergraduate students, and interested community participants to conduct scholarly studies on urban, suburban and metropolitan policy issues. The Center does not offer courses or grant degrees. The Center's primary resource is an interdisciplinary faculty committed to research aimed at identifying the basic determinants of urban problems and offering appropriate alternatives and strategies for solving them. Nearly 60 Northwestern faculty members from 17 disciplines ( including all the social sciences, history, law, communication 51 �studies, management, education, civil engineering, art history and geography) are affiliated with the Center. In addition to their research projects, they participate in Center-sponsored seminars, conferences , study groups and meetings with Center research fellows. Their research agenda includes inquiries into such issues as metropolitan housing and development, land use, health care policy, urban crime, employment, neighborhood development, community organizations, impact of the mass media, bureaucratic functioning , and urban transportation . Funding for these projects is provided by the University, foundations, government agencies, private corporations , and individual donors. The Center also serves as a focal point for most of the urban activities at Northwestern, sponsoring speakers, conferences and colloquia, and staffing special courses and conferences at the request of other NU schools or departments. Many of its faculty serve as advisers to the CAS urban studies program and as directors of undergraduate field study programs. It also has strong links to the community. Center faculty and students participate in, consult with, and make presentations to public and private groups, agencies and institutions involved in urban change and public policy. Many of the Center's research projects have involved cooperation with governmental agencies and organizations from the local to the international level. The Ce.ote·r awards graduate research fellowships to students who have completed their first year of graduate study in many of the schools and departments of the University. Applications are available beginning December 1 and are due January 15. Decisions are announced March 15 . The administrative offices of the Center are located at 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201. The Center publishes research reports, a quarterly newsletter and an annual report. TRANSPORTATION CENTER The Transportation Center is an interdisciplinary training, research, and service organization at Northwestern University. It investigates transportation issues through a multidisciplinary program of education and research which brings together scholars from the fields of economics, law, civil and industrial engineering, operations research, physics, and management. Its goal is to provide graduates of high competence to business, industry, labor, and finance; to improve understanding of fundamental issues through skilled research; and to develop and disseminate transportation knowledge through conferences and publications and the maintenance of an outstanding service oriented reference library. HONORS AND PRIZES The Order of the Coif In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern. It has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading Jaw schools. The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the class who, on the basis of scholarship and character, are deemed worthy of the honor. Wigmore Key Established in 1949-50, the award is made by the Student Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the faculty . Lowden-Wigmore Prizes Income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $1,000. The prizes, awarded for ability to marshal authorities, present arguments effectively in written form, and speak 52 �lucidly and convincingly in public, go to students for the best written contributions to the Law Review, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, and the Journal of International Law and Business and to the finalists in the annual Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Barnet and Scott Hodes Prize Income from a fund of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of Local Government. The first prize is approximately $400 and the second prize, about $200. Each winner also receives a certificate and a key. Hyde Prize Income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of the late Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. Harold D. Shapiro Prize A fund of $5,000 was established in 1977 by Stephen B. Lemann of the New Orleans Bar in honor of Harold D. Shapiro, Class of 1952 and Edward A. Harriman Lecturer in the Law School. The income is used to provide a prize to the best student in the course in Business Planning, or other such course which, in the Dean's judgment, most closely identifies with the interests of Mr. Shapiro. Moot Court Plaque To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition Prizes of $250 and $ 100 are available annually from the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers for students at Northwestern who, in the judgment of the Dean, have written the best papers on any subject of Copyright Law. The winning papers also are eligible for awards in the national competition conducted by ASCAP. Illinois Bar Foundation Research Fellow Program Annually $750 is awarded to one or more third-year students who are assisting a Law School professor on a research project. Nominations are made by the Dean of the Law School. Students in Chicago's St. Patrick's Day parade 53 �Student Activities In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says law students receive their education from their classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth . Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with colleagues. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student becomes a member of a closely knit community of men and women , bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School. The student body is comparatively small , averaging approximately 525 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. The student's classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from 40 states and eight or 10 foreign countries. Two hundred colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School. (See listing at the back of the bulletin.) A variety of undergraduate majors are included , and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to strive for excellence, complements the 54 �kind of comradeship and mutual respect characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professional journals written, edited, and published by men and women who have not yet achieved full professional status is unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate to have several regularly published scholarly journals available for student research, writing, and editing: the Black Law Journal, The Journal of Criminal Law and Crim inology, the Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, and the Northwestern University Law Review. Selection for membership on a publication is at once a high honor, a great responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity. Although there are many advantages, the true value of membership on a legal publication lies in the sharpening of legal research, writing, and editing skills which are essential to the effective practice of law. BLACK LAW JOURNAL Founded in spring 1971 at the University of California, Los Angeles, Law School, the Black Law Journal is published three times a year in cooperation with other participating law schools. From the first issue, The Black Law Journal has addressed issues of importance and concern to the black community in single articles and symposia. Northwestern students and faculty published an issue entitled "Organizing and Advising Small Business Enterprises" in spring 197 4. In 1978, under the direction of Professor Joyce A. Hughes, students at Northwestern University School of Law published a special symposium issue entitled "Toward A New Bill of Rights." It is anticipated that Northwestern law students will produce future issues. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY A quarterly pub- lication with worldwide circulation, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology is generally recognized as the foremost publication of its kind. It is the only student-edited law review published in the United States which focuses on criminal law and criminology and is one of the few such professional publications in the world. Founded by the late Dean John Henry Wigmore in 1909, the Journal has the third largest paid circulation among law reviews. The Journal publishes articles and student pieces on a wide range of topics including white-collar crime, constitutional questions, international law, evidence, jurisdiction , and securities regulation. Members of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and writing in all fields of the law. Membership on the Journal is one of the highest honors bestowed upon Northwestern students. After completion of their first year, a number of students are invited by the board of editors of the Journal to join the staff. Some are selected on the basis of outstanding scholastic performance, and an additional group is chosen on the basis of writing ability demonstrated through participation in the writing competition held during the second year. Those staff members who satisfactorily complete their duties are eligible for election to the board of editors. The board of editors is responsible for the solicitation, selection, and editing of scholarly articles in the fields of criminal law and criminology submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars. In addition, the staff prepares and edits publishable student material. The Journal affords each of its staff members the opportunity to write and publish articles. Student writing generally appears in either of two forms. Approximately two-thirds of the staff members write student comments in which they give a complete and detailed discussion of a single area in the criminal 55 �law. The other members write casenotes in which they consider and interpret Supreme Court and lower court decisions. The casenotes are published in the special winter issue, entitled the Supreme Court Review, and give staff members the unusual opportunity to be published in their second year of Law School. NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND BUSINESS The Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business is a semiannual legal publication devoted to the analysis of the legal aspects of international business transactions. JI LB's editorial focus reflects the growing importance of private international law in the world today. Students invited to join the Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business are among the most talented members of the Law School community. Approximately one-third of the staff is chosen on the basis of first-year academic performance, one-third on the basis of an application procedure, and one-third on the basis of a writing competition which is held at the beginning of the student's second year. Membership is not limited to those who intend to concentrate their studies in the fields of international law and business. The education that takes place through JILB membership is significant to anyone with a curiosity about the wider world. All staff members are required to write a casenote or comment of publishable quality, under the supervision of a notes and comments editor. In addition, second-year staff members perform many of the technical tasks attendant to publishing an authoritative periodical, such as proofreading and source and cite checking. All of these tasks serve to introduce students to the library's extensive international collection and help them gain valuable experience. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW One of the most re- warding student activities at the Law School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a 10-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year of law school, outstanding students are invited to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and the results of a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is hard work: it requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. Participation on the Law Review is both a demanding and a rewarding experience. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in appellate advocacy, the Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for second-year students. The program memorializes the late U.S. District Court Judge Julius H. Miner, Gradu56 �ate Law '45, and is supported by an endowment established by Mrs. Julius H. Miner and family and friends. T he program is administered, under faculty supervision, by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arg uments before panels of judges and practicing attorneys. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and chal lenging than those assigned in the reg ular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with a panel of distinguished judges from the federal and state court bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include former Justices Arthur J. Goldberg '30 and Potter Stewart; Justices Tom C . Clark, Thurgood Marshall, John Paul Stevens '47, Byron R. White, and William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States; and Chief Judge Thomas Fairchild of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. The Law School teams in the National Moot Court Competition are chosen on the basis of performance in the Miner Competition. ARLYN MINER FIRST-YEAR MOOT COURT PROGRAM The briefing and oral argument program of the first-year moot court course is known as the Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program, in memory of a daughter of Mrs. Julius H. Miner and the late Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner was especially interested in encouraging oral argument in appellate cases. An endowment, provided by Mrs. Miner, her son Judson and daughter-in-law Linda Miner, and her daughter Leslie Miner, supports the costs of administering the program. It is hoped that this special recognition of first-year Moot Court work will stimulate students to continue in the advanced Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition in the second year. RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as research assistants to individual members of the faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend and are valued for the opportunities they afford for close contact with faculty members and for participation in the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the faculty. STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE STUDENT BAR ASSOCIATION All students are members of the Student Bar Association and through it contribute to the educational and recreational programs of the Law School. SBA committees are responsible for many activities, including the orientation program for new students and the allocation of student parking spaces. Students are able to serve on faculty committees by recommendation of the SBA. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to the School as part of the SBA Speakers Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following their speeches. The SBA placement committee plans programs which introduce students to the various opportunities available in the legal profession. The SBA sponsors social and recreational programs throughout the . academic year. Social activities are planned to reflect the interests of the student body. One of the most successful programs has been the Friday afternoon social hours, where students meet informally with faculty and other members of the bar. The Law School also is represented on the Chicago Campus Council. The Council is a central student governance organization for the Chicago campus of Northwestern University. It addresses matters of mutual concern to the various schools and organizes campus-wide activities. Orientation functions, sporting events, social gatherings, and a movie series are among the numerous Council projects. 51 �LA ALIANZA Founded in the school year 1975-76, La Alianza is composed of Latino law students at Northwestern. Because of the various origins of the Latinos at Northwestern, La Alianza is an experiment in the unifying of distinct geographic and cultural Latino groups. Few law school campuses have such a varied Latino community. La Alianza members have contributed to the educational and social environment of the Law School. Consistently Latinos have been active on the executive board of the Student Bar Association. Recently, Latinos at Northwestern have enjoyed successes in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court and Phillip C. Jessup International Moot Court competitions. The main purpose of La Alianza is to ensure the academic success of the Latino law student while providing a forum for cultural, political, and legal awareness. BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION The Black Law Students As- sociation serves as a forum for the discussion of matters concerning black students within the Law School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal issues relevant to blacks and, whenever possible, provides assistance and answers to such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly express its position on events which significantly affect the black community. BLSA objectives include increasing the number of black attorneys in the United States by encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal education, gaining greater minority representation on the faculty and throughout the University, and helping the local black community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at other Chicago law schools to achieve common objectives. DECALOGUE SOCIETY The Decalogue Society at Northwestern is one of six Chicago area law school chapters affiliated with the Decalogue Society of Lawyers. The third largest bar associa- tion in Illinois and the largest ethnic bar association in the country, the Society's purpose is to educate and inform its members and the public concerning issues that affect the legal and social status of the community in general and the Jewish community in particular. The Decalogue Society chapter at Northwestern sponsors a speakers program, and combined social and educational activities with law students at other schools and with the attorneys and judges from the parent Decalogue Society. These activities provide opportunities to meet and discuss career plans with practicing professionals. INTERNATIONAL LAW SOCIETY The International Law Society seeks to maintain an awareness in the Law School community of the various facets of international law. To further this purpose, the Society often hosts the Midwest regional round of the Phillip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition; sponsors speakers on topics such as foreign taxation, international terrorism, and the general practice of international law; prepares a directory of career opportunities in international law; and attempts to evaluate, improve, and increase in scope and number the courses offered at the Law School in the area of international law. JD-MM ASSOCIATION The JD-MM Association, an extension of the joint JDMM Program offered at Northwestern, consists of students who have undertaken to earn both Master of Management and Juris Doctor degrees by simultaneously enrolling in the School of Law and the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management. Members of the Association elect officers and hold meetings to discuss the operations of the JD-MM Program in such areas as career opportunity, registration procedure and course selection. The Association annually sponsors career seminars with the purpose of meeting professionals in business and in law who 58 �have earned joint degrees and can share similar experiences, and offer practical guidelines for career considerations. NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD The National Lawyers Guild, established in 1937, is a bar association which since its founding has been in the forefront of civil liberties, social justice, and labor litigation. The chapter founded in 1980-81 at Northwestern is one of four law school chapters in Chicago. The Guild is open to all students, charges no dues, and has no hierarchy of officers. Northwestern's chapter sponsors speakers and films in cooperation with other campus and community organizations. Each year the chapter sponsors an Alternative Practice Conference to serve students who are interested in public service law. PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH CONSORTIUM Through this organization , students who are interested in conducting research in the public interest area are matched with public service organizations that have a need for research assistance. STUDENT FUNDED PUBLIC INTEREST FELLOWSHIPS Founded in 1978 by a group of law students, this organization's goal is to increase summer work opportunities for students who are interested in public interest law. Since some opportunities would be with groups that do not have funds to pay summer assistants, SFPIF annually awards five or six fellowships to students who accept non-paying or low-paying jobs. A ward recipients are selected from a pool of applicants I a r g e I y on the basis of the value to the community of the jobs they have found . SFPIF's objectives are twofold: to provide students with funds for summer employment in the public interest where such employment would otherwise be unavailable, and to provide qualified legal assistance to worth w hi I e organizations which could not otherwise afford it. Con- tributions from the students, faculty , and alumni have amounted to more than $5 ,000 annually. SFPIF welcomes students who share the organization's objectives to become active in the organization. STUDENT NEWSLETTER Published weekly, the newsletter is a studentwritten newsletter distributed throughout the school. It provides a forum for intraschool communication and serves as the major source of Law School news. The newsletter also has become a literary outlet for the creative talents of students, with columns, short stories, cartoons, and poetry appearing weekly. TAX LAW SOCIETY The Tax Law Society serves as a forum for discussion of tax law and practice. Through its outside speakers and discussions of current issues in the tax field, the Society promotes an awareness of the many facets of tax law. Membership is open to any student interested in active participation. Meetings are held weekly except during examination periods. WOMEN'S CAUCUS The Women's Caucus, an association of women in the Law School, provides a forum for discussion of the concerns of women seeking a legal education and of women employed within ' the legal profession. Members also participate in national conferences and local organizations concerned with women's issues. The Women's Caucus has been active in sponsoring a "Woman in Law" career day. The Extended Study Program, which permits a small number of students to carry a lighter course load, was recommended by the Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty. Bimonthly meetings provide a forum for discussion of ongoing projects and for guest lecturers to present issues concerning women. The Caucus also works as a support network for women in the Law School. 59 �Admission To The School ''Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $100 per year," -Letter from Henry Booth, first dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. Each year the Law School receives applications from every state in the United States and from abroad. In recent years there have been 18 or more applicants for each of the 175 places in the entering class. The admission policies of the School of Law are based on consideration of the whole person. Each application is considered by the Admissions Committee. The Committee seeks to individualize the admissions process and weighs a wide variety of factors from which individual decisions can be made. Among these factors are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the legal profession. Since its early years the Law School has followed this policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of moderate size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. It is the policy of Northwestern University not to discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or handicap in matters of admission, employment, housing, or services or in the educational programs or activities which it operates, in accordance with civil rights legislation. The provost has responsibility for implementing this policy in academic and faculty areas. The senior vice president for business and finance has this responsibility in the staff area; he also has responsibility for coordinating the University's activities for accommodating the handicapped. APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students are admitted for classes beginning in the fall only. They must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university at the time of initial registration in the School of Law. Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School Data Assembly 60 �Service (LSDAS) of the Law School Admission Services, Box 2000, Newtown, Pennsylvania 18940. The student's LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each college and university attended, regardless of the ru.imber of hours of credit received. (Exceptions to this requirement are noted in the LSDAS registration manual.) Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years, or the equivalent. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply directly to the Law School a final transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's degree. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which may be obtained directly from Law School Admission Services, Box 2000, Newtown , Pennsylvania 18940. The test may be taken either before or after the Law School application and LSDAS matching form are filed. An applicant for admission should ordinarily plan to take the test as early as June and no later than December preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant. LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service is paid by the applicant directly to Law School Admission Serv- ices. The full details of the LSDAS are included in the LSAT/ LSDAS registration packet. An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School, on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from at least two individuals, preferably college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must also be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of $25. ADMISSION PROCESS Applications should be submitted as early as possible. Early applicants enhance their chances for an early_ decision. All applications and supporting documents should be submitted by March 1. Any application completed after that date or any application which is lacking supporting documents on that date may, at the discretion of the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for that reason. Applicants for financial assistance must complete their applications by February 15. (See section on Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid.) Applications are considered and acted upon after all supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record, the Law School Admission Test score, the required recommendations, and other submitted information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he or she has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $100 no earlier than April 1 of the year of entrance. Upon registration, the deposit is applied toward tuition and fees. 61 �No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a begining student or as a transfer student if he or she is ineligible to continue study at that school. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL The School we I comes visits by prospective students. An applicant does not appear for a personal interview as part of the admissions dee is ion process, however, unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are made by a faculty committee , an evaluative interview with the associate dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those who may consider the case. An applicant who wishes to supply special information should submit a written statement. Conferences will be held with students interested in additional information about the Law School or about the admission process. These informational interviews should be by appointment, arranged in advance by mail or telephone. TRANSFER The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor from Northwestern depends upon the applicant's achievements following one year of law study and upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record . Transfer applicants should submit the standard application form following the instructions contained therein with the $25 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of whom is a law school instructor. In addition the applicant must have furnished an official copy of the Law School Admission Test score, a statement of law school class standing ( or other basis fo r interpreting law school record) , and a statement of eligibility to continue in his or her present law school. Since the record of all law school work completed must be submitted before a transfer decision can be made, such decisions are not usually made until late summer. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. VISITING STUDENT PROGRAM Third-year students from other law sch o o Is may apply for visiting student status for one or two semesters. Status is granted only in cases of compelling need to be in the Chicago area. A letter of request, transcript of law school work, and a letter from the de a n indicating good standing and permission from their school to attend Northwestern should be sent to the Office of the Registrar. EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing that heads of households with small children have special family obligations which cannot always be met by the granting of financial aid, the Law School has instituted an Extended Study Program which allows participants to complete the norm al three-year course of legal study in four years. A maximum of five Extended Study Program students are admitted to each first-year class. The program is open to applicants of exceptional ability who have special family obligations, such as the care of preschool children or unusually heavy financial commitments, which cannot be met by customary financial aid. 62 �Participating students are required to register for at least 10 hours of course work each semester. In order to complete the program within four calendar years, students may either take more than ten hours in some semesters or attend summer school, or both. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is required for enrollment in the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his or her broader professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the skills of a lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance the power to express oneself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking are recommended, as are other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded . For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He or she would be well-advised, in addition, to pursue study in some definite field far enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student who follows his or her own interests and tastes is more likely to extend himself or herself and thereby to increase capacities for law study. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other callings as they may duplicate law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent studying other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for law school studies , but to prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He or she will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops the capacity for understanding. for independent thought, and for effective self-expression. 63 �Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $12,600 approximates the minimum total expense for the 1981-82 academic year for the average unmarried student residing in Law School housing. Of this total, $7 ,720 is required for tuition and books. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. TUITION each semester ... .. . . .. . .. . . . . . $3,622.50 The student's total investment in legal education, although large in absolute terms is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of later professional life. Shortterm economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly coverered by his or her tuition payments. A substantial ·t,ortion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern . Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Tuition for the academic year 1981-82 Full tuition for candidates for the J.D. degree, Part-time tuition, each credit hour ......... . .... . . $365.00 Auditor's fee, each weekly class hour ..... . .. .. . $365 .00 Resident-in-Research fee, each semester ... . ............... . $90.00 Full tuition for candidates for the LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees, each semester . ..... .. . . .... . .. $3,440.00 SUBSEQUENT YEARS Increases in tuition should be anticipated for 1982-83 and for subsequent academic years. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident-in-Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $365 per credit hour. Unclassified students in residence who 64 �are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident-in-Research fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees are charged: Application fee . .. . . .. .. ........... $25 Not transferable; not refundable. Late payment penalty fee .......... . . $50 ADVANCE DEPOSIT An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission into the J.D. program, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is applied as partial payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable. PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are billed and paid by semester, rather than for the full academic year. Payments are due at the beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. Students with unpaid tuition bills and fees shall not be allowed to register until such bills and fees are paid. The regulations of the University require that a student's account be paid in full by the due date specified on the bill. The Student Finance Office will impose a late payment penalty fee (late charge of $50) if any part of the bill is not paid when due. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAW AL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are liable for onefourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first onefourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who with- draw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. REBATES Information about rebates for full-time faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent sons and daughters, and employees of Northwesternaffiliated institutions may be obtained at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before the student's first registration each school year. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall , as an accommodation to students. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts not exceeding $50 may be cashed at the Cashier's Office by students who present their University ID cards. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Recognizing that many students are unable to pay the full cost of their education, the School of Law administers a comprehensive financial assistance program with the goal of providing financial aid that will enable any accepted student realistically to attend the School. The School of Law has been successful in fulfilling its commitment to a policy of providing 100 percent of the student's need as computed by our method of need analysis. Currently more than 70 percent of the students at the Law School receive some form of financial assistance. Although the School has substantial scholarship re65 �sources, the typical aid package is a combination of grant and loan funds. Northwestern University is a lender under the Federally Insured Student Loan Program, thereby providing the School of Law with a plentiful supply of loan funds. Our loan resources also include National Direct Student Loans, University loans, and interest-free University Short Term loans. Although no student is required to work, the School also offers various employment opportunities through a Work-Study Program. GAP SF AS PROCEDURE The School of Law is a participant in the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service (GAPSFAS). Each applicant for financial aid is required to submit in full all information requested on the GAPSFAS application form, including information from the applicant's parents and spouse or spouse-to-be. No decision will be made on a financial aid request unless the GAPSFAS application is complete in all sections. In order to meet the February 15 deadline for the receipt of the GAPSFAS report at Northwestern, applicants are advised to send the form to GAPSFAS during the first week of January. If, at the time the form is completed, total financial information is lacking, the applicant should provide an estimate of all unavailable data. Remember that both the GAPSFAS report and the completed application for admission must be received in the Admissions Office by February 15. Accepted applicants whose GAPSF AS reports reach the Admissions Office after February 15 or whose applications for admission are completed after that date may be considered for loans, but probably will not be considered for scholarship funds . GAPSFAS application forms will be available in September of the year preceding the applicant's proposed entry into law school. These forms can be obtained on most college campuses or directly from Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. CONTINUING STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Although financial assistance is awarded for a single year, the Law School is committed to providing financial aid for demonstrated need for the full period of a student's enrollment. Continuing students are requested to complete a new GAPSFAS application form in the spring of each year. Changes in circumstances are noted and financial assistance adjusted accordingly. Students who do not receive financial aid in the first year of law study are not precluded from seeking financial assistance in their second or third year. By the same token, students who receive financial assistance in their first year, may, because of significant increases in their financial resources, be denied financial assistance in their second or third year. Barring any significant changes in a student's financial circumstances, the Law School should be able to maintain scholarship awards in the second and third years at the same level of the initial award. It is also possible that a student who did not apply for aid during the first year might qualify for scholarship assistance during his or her upperclass years. SCHOLARSHIPS The Law School administers an extensive program of scholarship assistance made available through our endowed funds, gifts from alumni and other friends of the Law School, and an appropriation of general scholarship funds of the University. A detailed listing of these funds and gifts from which most scholarships are assigned is found in the endowments section of this bulletin. To be considered for scholarship aid, students need only to file the GAPSFAS application and have that report issued to our office by the February 15 deadline. Each year entering students showing exceptional academic promise and ability are awarded full tuition grants from the 66 �John Henry Wigmore and Clarion DeWitt Hardy scholarship funds described more fully in the endowments section. Designation as a Wigmore or Hardy Scholar carries with it the unique opportunity to spend the summer after the completion of the first year of law study working with a major city firm or public interest organization. While financial need is a factor in the award of these full tuition scholarships, selection is not restricted to students who demonstrate financial need. No formal application need be submitted for these scholarship awards since the selection of recipients rests with the Admissions Committee. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'S FEDERALLY INSURED STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM The Federally In- sured Student Loan Program is an effort on the part of Northwestern University to assist the individual student in defraying part of the student's present educational costs. A graduate student is eligible to borrow up to $5,000 annually with a maximum level of indebtedness of $25,000, inclusive of any amount borrowed as an undergraduate. Through this program a student may qualify for loans under the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Loans are insured by the federal government and, in the case of death or total and permanent disability, the loan is canceled. No cosigner or collateral is required. For all students who are enrolled, the federal government pays the interest. Six months after graduation or the termination of the student's education, an interest rate of 9 percent begins to accrue. A borrower may elect to defer the payment of principal and interest during service in the following areas: the military, Peace Corps, VISTA, U.S. Public Health Service, or an internship required to enter a profession. Should a borrower involved in such activities begin repayment during the indentured period, the federal government will pay the interest. Two repayment options are available: ( 1) the conventional repayment plan of equal installments or (2) a graduated fixed schedule repayment plan for levels of indebtedness of $4,000 or greater. Each plan offers the following features: A six-month grace period before repayment begins after the student has terminated his education. A repayment period of up to 10 years with a three-year extension in case of approved deferral. A deferred scholarship feature may be granted in special cases where the borrower bas made a conscientious effort to meet his repayment obligation during the normal repayment period plus an extension of three years. The borrower must apply to have any balance forgiven. Note: Conditions of the loan are subject to changes in federal law and regulations. Additional information may be obtained through the Office of Admissions. SHORT TERM LOAN PROGRAM Interest-free 60-day loans are available to any registered law student under the University's Short Term Student Loan Program. Students, after completing a brief application, may receive immediate cash in amounts up to a maximum of $150. Further information may be obtained in the Office of the Registrar. Law School Loan Funds Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. 67 �Graduate Study and Degrees The graduate program of the School of Law has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law as well as to active practitioners an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity tq expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to: Committee on Graduate Studies Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this university or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements: Master of Laws (LL.M.) 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this school, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semester hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence 68 �must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for the research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. A grade point average of ''B" classroom work is required for graduation. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication. The thesis is normally completed during the academic year in residence; it must be completed within two years from the commencement of the academic year of residence. 3. The passing of an oral examination to be prescribed by the faculty, Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this school. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall involve original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. The study must be completed within five years after the commencement of the candidate's academic year of residence. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an oral examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on preceding pages. The expenses of an unmarried student for the 1981 -82 academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) are estimated at a minimum of $5,400, and an increased amount should be anticipated for 1982-83 and future years. More detailed and up to-date cost information is available with the application for the graduate program. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. GRADUATE FINANCIAL AID Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis to foreign applicants interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to a United States applicant. Each fellowship provides for the payment of tuition and fees plus $5,500 for books and living expenses. The $5 ,500 is paid to the student in 10 installments starting September I. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have Fellowships. 69 �spent a year in this country in graduate study. The fellowships are granted for one year only and are not renewable. Fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. Students must make individual travel arrangements . Successful fellowship applicants should bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 1. Brunson MacChesney Fund. In 1978, Mrs. Ruth E. MacChesney established a fund in memory of her late husband, Brunson MacChesney, who taught at Northwestern University Law School from 1940 to 1977. The fund will provide supplemental support to needy and worthy foreign and American students who have indicated special interest in the areas of international or comparative law. Professor MacChesney, a nationally recognized expert in the field of international and admiralty law, was instrumental in bringing many foreign students to the School. He served as president of the American Society of International Law, chairman of the ABA Section of International Law, and director of the School's Graduate Studies Program. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens '47 in the Law School library 70 �Placement and Alumni "Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law." -"The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of School of Law alumni. A wide range of professional career choices is available. To assist the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in self-realization and contribution, the School maintains a career counseling and placement office administered by an associate dean and a director. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Office also seeks to place students nationwide with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods and to assist in placement of alumni who are seeking a change of position. Through general announcements to the profession and specific inquiries, the Placement Office gathers information on professional opportunities and openings, compiles complete listings of these opportunities, coordinates on-campus interviews, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep students' information current. While there are many who practice law, the demand for well-trained, able lawyers has not diminished. The nsmg level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year, an increasingly large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States sends members of the firm to the School to interview students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School to conduct on-campus interviews. First-year students do not participate in the fall on-campus interview process because most employers do not recruit first-year students until later in the year. However, first-year students are encouraged to attend career programs in the fall as an aid to their career decision-making process. A special meeting for first-year students is held in November to explain the job search process and resume preparation so that interested individuals may take advantage of the December-January semester break to begin a search for summer legal employment. Graduating students must make their own choice from the array of professional opportunities open to them. It is the function of the School's Placement Office to assist students in exploring the possibilities and helping to arrange the necessary contacts. A majority of the School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, 71 �while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in every state in the nation and in many foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect to enter private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of graduates accept positions in national, state, or local government. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of School alumni includes past and present governors and United States senators, cabinet members, department heads, United Nations representatives, diplomats, mayors, attorneys general, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For interested students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the - nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the School of Law graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek School of Law graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in fields such as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent federal regulations require law schools which participate in federal loan programs to make a good faith effort to present prospective students with a complete and accurate statement about the School, including statistics on placement. The School of Law, in presenting these statistics, does not do so with the intent of influencing an applicant's choice of schools, nor can the School make any guarantees to future graduates as to type of employment or starting salaries. In reviewing this information, individuals should keep in mind that employment opportunities for graduating seniors vary from year to year, depending to a large extent on the job market and the economy. Further, not all students use the services of the Placement Office or file a report with the office regarding their employment. During the I 980-81 academic year, 443 employers, representing 30 states and the District of Columbia, conducted more than 9,400 student interviews at the School of Law. This was a significant increase over previous years. In addition, more than 435 other employers wrote the School asking interested students to submit resumes. The employment of students reporting to the Placement Office during 72 �the 1981 spring semester is broken down into the following categories: Private practice . . .. ... ... .. . ... . . . 79% Corporations & business concerns . ... 4% Government/ public interest . . . . . . . . . 9% Judicial clerkships .... .. . . .. .. .. . . . 6 % Other . . ... .. .... ...... ... .. . .. . . 2% Salary data for those reporting Median ... .. .. ............ .. . . . $30,500 NOTE: The School of Law offers no guarantees about employment, starting salaries, or employment profiles. These statistics are strictly informational and should not be construed as occurring annually. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION The associations formed in the years of study at the School of Law are lifelong. The School's alumni assist in keeping alive memories and friendships of student days and in providing important support to the School. Over the years, the School of Law has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, alumni commemorated the School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and other types of significant support for the general program of the School. The Law Alumni Association sponsors numerous activities throughout the year. In Chicago, major events include the Annual Alumni-Faculty luncheon in the fall and the Annual Alumni Weekend in the spring. During the Alumni Weekend, the Annual Alumni Dinner, a luncheon and program at the Law School , and class reunions are scheduled. In addition, the Alumni Association has recently begun alumni-faculty seminars, monthly luncheon programs featuring presentations by faculty on various topics. Regional events are a valuable aspect of the Law Alumni Association program, and during I 980-81, activities were held during the American Bar Association Annual Meeting and in many cities including Atlanta, Boston, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, New York, Phoenix, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, and Washington. Law Alumni Association Officers 1981-62 President 1st Vice President 2ndVicePresident 3rdVicePresident Secretary Treasurer Immediate Past President George Kelm '54 Carole Kamin Bellows '60 Richard E. Wiley '58 Harold D. Shapiro '52 Marvin E. Aspen '58 Arnold B. Kanter '67 Richard S. Kelly '51 Regional Vice Presidents James R. Adams '63 John K. Barry '51 H. Harold Calkins '40 Howard P. Castle '42 A. Arthur Davis '52 Walter S. Davis '50 Warren N. Eggleston '50 Richard J. Flynn '53 Franklin E. Gill '56 George A. Googasian '61 James R . Harper '50 James F. Henderson '48 Harry R . Horrow ·34 Lyman W. Hull '58 John Logan O'Donnell '37 Deborah J. Palmer '73 Ronald A. Pearlman '65 Norm an M. Sevin '56 R. Thomas Stanton '69 Jon E. Steffenson '71 Louis M . Welsh '47 Curtis E. Woods '75 Paul Ziffren '38 Board of Directors Terms expiring in 1982: William W. Brady '40 Milton L. Fisher '49 73 Cincinnati Pittsburgh Denver Houston Des Moines Milwaukee Lafayette, Ind. Washington, D.C. Philadelphia Detroit Atlanta Phoenix San Francisco Seattle New York Minneapolis St. Louis Miami Cleveland Boston San Diego Kansas Los Angeles �James T. Otis '51 L. Shirley Tark '16 Jayne Carr Thompson '70 Kenneth A. Whitney '72 Terms expiring in 1983: Isidore Brown '15 James C. Hardman '61 Frank A. Karaba '51 Edward J. Karlin '77 Timothy C. Klenk '67 Russell H. Matthias '32 Terms expiring in 1984: L. Edward Bryant Jr. '67 William G. Caples III '33 Paul C. Kimball Jr. '68 John R. Lindquist '48 Roger L. Taylor '71 Clarence S. Wilson '74 Members of the Law School Visiting Committee, left to right: Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens '47, Joseph J . Stefan Jr. '38, and the Honorable W. Willard Wirtz Terms expiring in 1985: Roy M. Adams LL.M. '76 Arlene C. Erlebacher '73 Crane C. Hauser '50 Donald B. Hilliker '69 Bobbie C. McGee '80 Emory S. Naylor Jr. '46 Terms expiring in 1986: Eloy Burciaga '75 Sharon L. Fabian '79 Francis J. McConnell '53 Robert W. Patterson '60 Elroy C. Sandquist Jr. '50 Peter M. Sfikas '62 Law Alumni Fund 1981 National Chairman John P. Lynch '67 R. Eugene Pincham '51, judge, criminal division , Circuit Court of Cook County, speaking at the 198 I Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases 74 �School of Law Calendar* Academic Year 1981-82 1981 August 27 Thursday Introduction to Legal Method & Legal Writing August 31 Monday First semester classes begin Sept. 7 Monday No classes (Labor Day) Oct. 8 Thursday No classes (Yorn Kippur) Nov, 25 Wednesday Thanksgiving recess begins-6:30 p.m. Nov. 30 Monday Classes resume Dec. 10 Thursday First semester classes end-6:30 p.m. Dec. 15-23 First semester exam period Dec. 24-Jan. 17 Semester break 1982 Jan. 18 Monday Second semester classes begin March 20 Saturday Spring recess begins March 29 Monday Classes resume April 30 Friday Second semester classes end Saturday University Commencement May 10-19 June 19 Second semester exam period *Subject to change SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:15 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 8: 00 a.m . to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday, and from 12 noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. 75 �School of Law Calendar* Academic Year 1982-83 1982 August 26 Thursday Introduction to Legal Method & Legal Writing August 30 Monday First semester classes begin Sept. 6 Monday No classes (Labor Day) Sept. 27 Monday No classes (Yom Kippur) Nov. 24 Wednesday Thanksgiving recess begins-6:30 p.m. Nov. 29 Monday Classes resume Dec. 9 Thursday First semester classes end-6:30 p.m. Dec. 14-23 First semester exam period Dec. 24-Jan. 16 Semester break 1983 Jan. 17 Monday Second semester classes begin March 19 Saturday Spring recess begins March 28 Monday Classes resume April 29 Friday Second semester classes end May 9-18 June 18 Second semester exam period Saturday University Commencement *Subject to change SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8: 15 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 8: 00 a.m. to 11 p.m . Monday through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday, and from 12 noon to 5 p.m. Sunday. 76 �Officers, Faculty, and Staff UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert H. Strotz, Ph.D., LLD., LH.D., President of the University Raymond W . Mack, Ph.D., Provost Lee A. Ellis, M.P.A., Senior Vice President for Business and Finance Jim G . Carleton, Ph.D., Vice President for Student Affairs John E. Fields, M.B.A., Vice President for lnstitulional A dw1n cem enl William I . Ihlanfeldt, Ph.D., Vice President for Institutional Relations and Dean of Admission David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice President for Research and Dean of Science Laurence H . Nobles, Ph.D. , Vice President for Administration and Financial Planning Allin W. Proudfoot, M.B.A., Vice President for De1•elopm ent Michael C . Weston , J.D., Vice President for Legal Affairs Donald E. Collins, M.A., Associate Provost John D. Margolis, Ph.D., Associate Pro ms/ Jeremy R. Wilson, Ph.D., Associate Provost William H. Thigpen, J.D., General Counsel Payson S. Wild, Ph .D. , LL.D., Litt.D., Provost Emeritus LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS David S. Ruder, B.A., J.D., Dean Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Assistant Dean Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Associate Dean J . William Elwin Jr., B.A., M .A., J.D., Assistant Dean Kira Wigoda, B.S ., J.D. , Assistant Dean Stephen T. Yandle, B.A., J.D., Associate Dean George S. Grossman, B.A., M.A., LL.B ., Librarian and Professor of Law FACULTY Kenneth W. Abbott, B.A. , J .D., A ssociate Professor of Law John H. Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J .D ., LL.M., Professor of Law Robert W. Bennett, B.A., LLB. , Professor of Law and Director of Research Robert P. Burns. A.B., J .D., Associate Profess or of Law Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor of Law and Assistant Director, Northwestem Legal Clinic Thomas L Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor of Law Daniel R. Fischel. B.A., M.A ., J.D. , Professor of Law Clinton W. Francis, LLB., LLM., Assistant Professor of Law Mayer G . Freed, A.B., J.D., Pr o fessor of Law Thomas F . Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law, Assistant Dean, and Director, Northwestern Legal Clinic Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law 77 �Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law and Associate Dean George S. Grossman, B.A., M.A., LL.B., Librarian and Professor of Law James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LL.B., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus John P. Heinz, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Fred E. Inbau, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Emeritus Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law Emeritus Steven Lubet, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Ian R. Macneil, B.A., J.D., John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Thomas W. Merrill, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Nathaniel L. Nathanson, B.A., LLB., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Emeritus Alexander Nekam, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Emeritus Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Daniel D. Polsby, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Philip P. Postlewaite, B.B.A., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law Stephen B. Presser, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Owen L. Coon Professor of Law Martin H. Redish, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law Harry B. Reese, B.A., LL.B., William W. Gurley Professor of Law John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., S.J.D., Dean Emeritus and John Henry Wigmore Professor .Qf Law Emeritus Victor G. Rosenblum, A.B., LLB., Ph.D., Professor of Law and Director, Program in Law and the Social Sciences Leonard S. Rubinowitz, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and Urban Affairs David S. Ruder, B.A., J.D., Dean and Professor of Law Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Daniel M. Schuyler, A.B ., J.D., Professor of Law Emeritus Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS., Ph.D., Professor of Law Emeritus Helene S. Shapo, B.A., M.A.T., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Marshall S. Shapo, A.B., A.M., LLB., S.J.D ., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Francis 0 . Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Richard E. Speidel, B.A., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LLB., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Professor of Law LECTURERS Roy M. Adams, J.D ., LLM., Lecturer in Estate Planning and Estate and Gift Taxation Melvin S. Adessa, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Taxation Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L , J.D., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence Peter J. Barack, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Securities R eg ulation and International Business Transa ctions Jon Bass, B.A., J.D. , Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Patricia Bobb, B.A ., J.D ., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II George M. Burditt, A.B., LLB., L ecturer on Food and Drug Law R. Theodore Clark Jr., B.A., LLB ., Lecturer on Labor Law Jeffrey D. Colman, B.A., J.D., Lecturer in Criminal Trial Advocacy Dennis A. Ferrazzano, B.A., J .D. , Lecturer on Real Estate Transactions and Development Steven Goldman, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Real Estate J. Richard Gray, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trademarks Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Securities Regulation Carter Howard, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estates and Trusts II 78 �Helen Hart Jones, A.B., LLB., LL.M., Lecturer on Women and the Law Rodney D. Joslin, A.B., J .D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Hon. Roger J. Kiley Jr., B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Richard Kling, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Fred Lane, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Advocacy Kent Lawrence, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Commercial Arbitration John F . Lemker Jr., B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Linda Lipton, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Thomas Mulroy, B.A., J .D ., Lecturer on Trial Practice Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Trademarks Michael A. Reiter, B.S., M.S., J .D., Ph.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law Gary Ropski, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Patent and Copyright Law David Sanders, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer on Partnerships and Business Planning Edward P. Sheridan, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law Hon. Earl Strayhorn, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M .A., Lecturer on Legal Bibliography Ann C. Williams, B.S., M.A., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice Anton Valukas, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on Criminal Trial Advocacy LEGAL CLINIC FULL-TIME LECTURERS Roslyn C. Lieb, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Mary M. McCormick, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic LEGAL WRITING CLINICAL FELLOWS Kathy Morris Mejia, B.A., J .D. Ruth M. Moscovitch, B.A., J.D. Peter A. Zheutlin, B.A., J.D. VISITING ENGLISH LEGAL WRITING FELLOW Timothy S. Bishop, B.A. (Oxon.) ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Barbara P. Abene, Admissions Assistant Robin Accola, B.A., Assistant to the Dean Hannan Ali, Faculty Secretary Carolyn Allen, Secretary, Legal Clinic Theresa Anderson, Receptionist Elaine Cerny, B.A., Department Assistant, Admissions Clara Coleman, B.A., Director of Placement Susan Curnick, B.A., Director of Admissions and Financial Aid Cindy Diamond, Admissions Assistant Travis Dobbs, Faculty Secretary Elizabeth Donahue, B.A., Department Assistant, Registrar Patricia Franklin, Secretary Eleanor Frame, Assistant Manager, Legal Publications Anita Grier, Secretary, Legal Clinic Juana Haskins, Secretary, Placement Janet Henderson, Senior Typist, Admissions Nathan Henderson, Office Services Clerk Mary Ann Hoffman, Secretary, Graduate Program Cleotha Hubbard, Pressworker Jackie Johnson, Secretary, Alumni Relations Linnie P. Jones, Secretary, Development Edward P. Kerros, B.A., Department Assistant, Administrative Services Nancy Ketzenberg, Coordinator, Legal Clinic Martha Koning, Faculty Secretary Bernice LeBeau, B.S., Faculty Secretary Margaret Logan, B.A., M.A., Secretary to the Dean Patricia Miller, B.A., M.A., Registrar Sarah Mingo, Word Processing Operator and Secretary Jeanne M. Nowell, B.S., Director of Alumni Relations and Continuing Legal Education Doris Nugent, Secretary to the Associate Dean Dianna Nunn, Faculty Secretary Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary 79 �Janice Priester, Faculty Secretary Elizabeth Quintos, Faculty Secretary Fay Reid, Faculty Secretary Janet G . Rose, B.A. , Department Assistant, Alumni Relations Helen Saldana, Faculty Secretary Jeanne Sather, B.A., Faculty Secretary and Administrative Secretary Darlene Shelton, B.A., Senior Typist, Registrar Dorothy K. Slocum, Faculty Secretary and Research Secretary Noel C. Spaso, Secretary and Supply Agent, Administrative Services Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary Willie J. Watkins, Head, Reproduction Department Terri S. Weinstein, B.A., M.A., Director of Communications Steffani Weiss, B.A., M.A., Manager, Administrative Services NORTHWESTERN LEGAL CLINIC Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Assistant Dean and Director John S. Elson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Assistant Director Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney Steven Lubet, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney Helene S. Shapo, B.A., M.A.T., J.D., Director, Legal Writing Program Roslyn C. Lieb, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Mary M. McCormick, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Robert P. Burns, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney Nancy Ketzenberg, Coordinator, Legal Clinic Carolyn Allen, Secretary Anita Grier, Secretary Larry Washington, Secretary Mercedes Mantilla, M.L.S., Project Head Terrence O'Connell, A.M., Ph.D., Cataloging Librarian Carl A. Yirka, M.S. in L.S., Head of Acquisitions Marij a Asbille, Library Clerical Assistant John W. Campbell, Library Assistant Maria C. Chase, Head of Circulation and Reference Assistant Douglas Clayton, Library Clerical Assistant William R. Jacobson, B.A. , Library Assistant Mary Kenny, Library Assistant Lynn Kincade, Library Assistant Leah Khotemlyanskaya, Library Clerical Assistant George L. Lee, Library Assistant Don Liszewski, M .A., Library Assistant Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant Lucy Petrovic, Library Assistant Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Library Assistant Ethel Rochlin, B.A., Secretary Linda Stinehart, Library Clerical Assistant Joyce M. Sypniewski, B.A., Library Assistant Associate Dean Stephen T . Yandle with a student LIBRARY George S. Grossman, M.A., LLB., Librarian and Professor of Law Elaine E. Teigler, M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head of Readers' Services Barbara Hycnar, A.M.L.S., Assistant Librarian and Head of Technical Services James Brantley, M.L.S., Ph.B., Evening Circulation Librarian John C. Fox, M.A.L.S., Documents Librarian Madeline Hebert, J.D., Head of Foreign and Intemational Law Martha E. Jameson, M.A., Cataloger United States Ambassador to the United Nations Donald F. McHenry (left) with Jeffrey H. Nicholas '81 and Charles R. Saulsberry '82 80 �Roster of Colleges and Universities Some 200 colleges and universities were represented by one or more of the about 550 students in the Northwestern Law School student body in 1981-82. Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia Albion College American University, Lebanon Amherst College Arizona State University Atlantic Union College Augustana College (Ill.) Augustana College (S.D.) Aurora College Australian National University Barat College Barnard College Beloit College Boston College Boston University Bowdoin College Bradley University Brandeis University Brown University Bryn Mawr College Bucknell University Butler University California State University, L.A. Cambridge University Carleton College Case Western Reserve University Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium Chatham College Claremont Men's College Clark University Colby College Colgate University College of St. Thomas College of William and Mary Colorado College Columbia University Cornell College Cornell University Dartmouth College Davidson College Denison University DePaul University DePauw University Drake University Drexel University Duke University Earlham College Eastern Michigan University Elmhurst College Emory University Fayetteville State University Fisk University Florida A&M University Florida State University Fontbonne College Franklin and Marshall College Georgetown University George Washington University Georgia Institute of Technology Government Law College, India Grinnell College Hamilton College Harvard College Idaho State University Illinois State University Illinois Wesleyan University Indiana State University Indiana University Iowa State University Jackson State University 81 �Johns Hopkins University Kansas State University Kenyon College Knox College Lawrence University Lebanon Valley College LeMoyne College Leopold-Franzens University, Belgium Lincoln University Loras College Loyola University (Ill.) Luther College Marquette University Miami University Michigan State University Morgan State Univer~ity Mount Holyoke College Mundelein College Murray State University North Central College Northeastern Illinois University Northern Illinois University Northwestern University Oberlin College Occidental College Ohio Northern University Ohio State University Ohio University Ohio Wesleyan University Olivet Nazarene College Pennsylvania State University Pomona College Portland State University Princeton University Purdue University Queen's College (CUNY) Radcliffe College Reed College Rice University Ripon College Roosevelt University St. Francis College St. Louis University St. Mary's College (Ind.) St. Olaf College Sarah Lawrence University Smith College Southerrr Illinois University Southern Methodist University Southwest Missouri State University Spelman College Stanford University SUNY at Albany SUNY at Binghamton SUNY at Buffalo SUNY at Stony Brook Swarthmore College Syracuse University Taylor University Trinity University Tufts University Tulane University United States Air Force Academy United States Military Academy University of Arizona University of British Columbia University of California-Berkeley, Irvine, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara University of Chicago University of Cincinnati University of Colorado University of Dallas University of Dayton University of Denver University of the East, Philippines University of Ghana University of Hawaii University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Chicago Circle University of Iowa University of Kansas University of Khartoum, Sudan University Law College Quetta, Pakistan University of Liege, Belgium University of London University of Maryland University of Miami University of Michigan University of Minnesota University of Mississippi University of Missouri, K.C. University of Montana University of Neuchatel, Switzerland University of North Carolina University of North Dakota University of Notre Dame University of Oklahoma University of Oregon University of Pennsylvania University of Rochester University of Santa Clara University of South Dakota University of Southern California University of Southern Mississippi University of Tennessee University of Texas University of Virginia University of Washington University of WisconsinEau Claire, Madison, Stevens Point 82 �Valparaiso University Vanderbilt University Vassar College Villanova University Wake Forest University Washington and Lee University Washington University Wayne State University Wellesley College Wesleyan University Western Kentucky University Western Michigan University Wheaton College Whitman College Williams College Yale University Yeshiva University Where To Write ADDRESS ALL LAW SCHOOL MAIL TO: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago A venue Chicago, Illinois 60611 ADDRESS MAIL CONCERNING THE PARTICULAR MATTERS LISTED BELOW TO THE SPECIFIC LAW SCHOOL OFFICES INDICATED Director of Graduate Studies Placement Service Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate fellowships Placement of students and graduates Law Alumni Association Alumni affairs other than placement service Office of Admissions Admission to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree: • Applications, including applications to transfer • Requests for forms or information • Recommendations Financial assistance information for candidates for the J.D. degree Combined J.D.-M.M. Program Program in Law and the Social Sciences Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J.D. and a Ph.D. should write to Director, Program in Law and the Social Sciences. Registrar Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School Requests for information on availability of enrollment during the third year as a visiting student. On-campus housing information 83 �Northwestern University ~r-='--J~ -1~ r Chicago Campus t EAST OHIO STREET 1 Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Medical and Dental Schools) 2 Morton Medical Research Building 3 Searle Building (Medical School) 4 Wieboldt Hall (Division of Continuing Education and Evening Managers' Program) 5 Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 6 McCormick Hall (Law School) 7 Site of new Law School addition 8 Abbott Hall (residence) 9 Wesley Pavilion, Northwestern Memorial Hospital 10 Passavant Pavilion, Northwestern Memorial Hospital 11 lnsti!Ule of Psychiatry 12 Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center 84 13 Rehabilitation Institute 14 Veterans Administration Lakeside Medical Center 15 Northwestern University Medical Associates 16 Carriage House (residence) 17 Worcester House (residence) 18 Health Sciences Building 19 Lake Shore Center (residence) 20 Medical Science Building (VALMC) �INDEX Abbott Hall, 6, 9, 10 Academic regulations, 19 Admission, 60 graduate study, 68 Alumni, 71 Application fee, 62 Application procedure, 60 Buildings, 6 Black Law Journal, 55 Black Law Students Association, 58 Calendar, 75, 76 Center for Urban Affairs, 51 Classes, 12 Classrooms, 7 Colleges and universities represented, 81 Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 18 Continuing legal education, 50 Corporate Counsel Institute, 50 Course descriptions, 22 Course of instruction, 12 Course load, 19 Curriculum, 22; three-year, 17 Data assembly service, 60 Decalogue Society, 58 Defense Attorneys Short Course, 50 Degrees, first, 20; graduate, 66 Endowed Professorships, 13 Endowed programs, 39, 43 Enrollment, limited, 19 Examinations, 19 Expenses, 65, 69 Extended study program, 62 Facilities, 9 Faculty, 13, 77 Fees, 65, 69 Financial assistance, 45, 66 Graduate fellowships, 69 Graduate study and degrees, 68 Graduation requirements, 20 Health service, 10 Honor Code, 20 Honors and prizes, 39, 52 Housing, 6, 9 International Law Society, 58 J.D.-M.M. Association, 58 J.D.-M.M. program, 18 J.D.-Ph.D., program, 18 Joint degree program in Law/ Social Sciences, 18 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , 55 La Alianza, 58 Lake Shore Center, 6, 9, 10 Law Alumni Association, 73 Law Review, 56 Law School Admission Test, 60 Law and Social Sciences, 18 Legal Clinic, 15 Legal publications, 55 Legal writing skills, 16 Library, 7 Library funds, 44 Linthicum Foundation Program, 42 Loans, 65, 66, 67 Location of campuses, 5 Map, 84 Medical service, 10 Methods of instruction, 14 Case method, 14 Problem method, 15 Clinical training and practice, 15 Seminars, 16 Legal writing skills, 16 Senior Research Program, 16 Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program, 57 Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, 56 M.M.-J.D. combined program, 18 Moot Court, 56, 57 National Institute for Trial Advocacy, 51 National Lawyers Guild, 59 Northwestern Journal of International Law and Business, 56 Northwestern University Law Re1·iew, 56 Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 77 Order of the Coif, 52 Ph.D.-J.D. combined program, 18 Placement, 71 Pre-legal study, 63 Prosecuting Attorney's Short Course, 50 Publications, 55 Public Interest Research Consortium, 59 Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate and Securities Law Institute, 51 Rebates, 65 Refunds, 65 Research assistantships, 57 Rosenthal Lectures, 39 Scholarships, 45, 66 Seminars, 16 Senior Research Program, 16 Short Courses, 50 Sociolegal studies, 18 Student activities, 54 Student Bar Association, 57 Student deposit account, 65 Student Funded Public Interest Fellowships, 59 Student government, 57 Student health, 10 Student newsletter, 59 Student residence, 6, 9 Supplemental programs, 39 Corporate Counsel Institute, 50 Legal Clinic, 15 Linthicum Foundation Program, 42 Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate and Securities Law Institute, 51 Rosenthal Lectures, 39 Other endowed programs, 43 Tax Law Society, 59 Three-year curriculum, 17 Transfer students, 62 Transportation Center, 52 Tuition, 64, 69 Visiting students, 62 Visits to the School, 62 Women's Caucus, 59 Withdrawal, 65 --, �Nonprofit Organization U.S. Postage PAID Permit No. 2910 Chicago, IL Northwestern University Bulletin School of Law 357 East Chicago A venue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Philippians 4:8 Mary E. Berg Bogle -& Gates ·Bank of California Center Seattle, Washington 98164 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1981-83</div> Description An account of the resource The biennial bulletin for the 1981-1983 academic years. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletin 1981-1983 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1981] Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. School Law Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University School Law. Brief Northwestern School Law Description New Buildings THE JUDGE WIG. THE POLICEMANS STICK AND STAR. America England American THE JUDGES DESK. Roman Rome Latins THE SPEAKERS GAVEL. English America THE GREEN BAG. England Elizabethan Wycherley Plain Dealer THE CHIEF JUSTICES COLLAR. Chief Justice England THE SPEAR. Roman THE CHANCELLORS WOOLSACK. Says Lord Campbell House Lords Judges THE SCALES. An State Roman PRISON BARS. THE SERJEANTS COIF. Fortescue Serjeants Serjeantsat English THE SWORD. Roman State Jus School Law Academic Years / Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University Editors Susan Curnick Terri Weinstein Designer Lauretta Akkeron Photographers Uldis Saule Terri Weinstein Kira Wigoda / Law School Courtyard CONTENTS School Law Course Instruction Curriculum Endowments Supplemental Programs Honors Prizes Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Financial Aid Graduate Sh Degrees Placement Alumni Calendar Officers Faculty Staff Roster Colleges Universities Write Campus Map Index School Law Dudley Field Law Northwestern School Law Since Law School Long Law School Law School Today Northwestern School LOCATION OF IBE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Grant Park Nearby Orchestra Hall Chicago Symphony Orchestra Chicago Public Library. Gold Coast Near Rush Street Loop Chicago Here United States Court Appeals. Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School. Also Abbott Hall Lake Shore Center McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University. Health Sciences Building Students University Evanston. Evanston Law School Facilities University Library Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Communicative Disorders Nathaniel Leverone Hall L. Kellogg Graduate School Management Evanston } Arthur Andersen Hall School Education Rebecca Crown Center University Seeley Mudd Library Science Engineering Traffic Institute Building. Pick Staiger Concert Hall Regenstein Hall Music Theatre Interpretation Center Also Evanston James Allen Center Graduate School Management New LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Good There Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Lake Shore Drive. School About Dean John Henry Wigmore United States School Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert Mc Cormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law School Law School. Lake Shore Drive Chicago Superior Street University Law School University American Bar Association American Bar Foundation Law School Chicago CLASSROOMS Law School Such Northwestern. Lincoln Hall British House Commons. School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School. Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation. With Northwestern United States. Even Study School Faculty Library. Law School Library Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English collection United States Recently Law School Library University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Holdings Roman Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room These Many Western Hemisphere. Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. George Shaw Collection European Law Joseph Shaw LLB. Provision With Woods Charitable Foundation Inc. Law Library Law Library LUIS University Law Library Library Congress. LEXIS Legal LEXIS Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School. Student Bar Association. Separate Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCES Living Casual English Inns Court Law School School Lake Shore Center Abbott Hall. Both Lake Shore Center University Lake Shore Club Chicago Olympic Located Law School Chicago Gold Coast Abbott Hall Law School School Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Abbott Hall. Lake Shore Center Abbott Hall Easy Lake Shore Center Breakfast Lake Shore Center. STUDENT HEALTH Student Health Service Student Health Service Chicago East Superior Street Available Student Health Bulletin Northwestern Student Hospitalization Plan Proof . Physicians Student Health Service Acute Emergency Room Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Medical Student Health Service Specialty Health Service Lake Shore Center Course Instruction [Here ] Justice Olil Wendell Holmes Law School Law School servic Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class Two Time Jaw Law School Some Jaw. Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. Jaw Today Torts Property Criminal Jaw Law School Jaw Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Their Such School Student Bar Association Robert Childres Memorial Award Teaching Excellence. Robert Childres Northwestern ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS Law School Faculty Law School Owen Coon Chair Law William Wirt Gurley Me Professor Law Frederic Vose Chair Law Edna Ednyfed Williams Memorial Professor Law Law School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Through Under Socratic Questions Problem Method Law School Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Northwestern Law School Over Law School Clinic Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Clinic Wieboldt Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic During Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Counseling Negotiation Litigation Trial Advocacy Clinic Seminars Seminars Often Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Journal International Law Business Black Law Journal. Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School Participation Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. Participation Senior Research Program. Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Northwestern Under During Because Law School Depending University University African Senior Research Program. Faculty Indeed Senior Research Program School Most THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School During Here Im International Law English American Legal History Thereafter Law School Moreover School Additional University. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University J.D. Ph.D. Bar Applicants Ms. Janice Priester Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois THE COMBINED J.D. M.M. PROGRAM Northwestern University Master Management M.M. Juris Doctor J.D. L. Kellogg Graduate School Management School Law Under J.D. School Law Graduate School Management. Similarly M.M. School Law. Applicants Applicants App Graduate School Management Admissions Office L. Kellogg Graduate School Management Northwestern Un Leverone Hall Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Regular No Failure Dean. Third COURSE LOAD Courses LIMITED ENROLLMENT Northwestern Legal Clinic School Clinic EXAMINATIONS Regular Grades With Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Specific Rules Northwestern University School Law Juris Doctor Legal Ethics A+ B+ C+ + Instructors Courses DEGREES Degrees University School Law. Before University Juris Doctor J.D. School Law Graduation Requirements. Northwestern University School Law Northwestern. Degrees Graduate Study Law. HONOR CODE Law School Honor Code Student Bar Association Honor Code Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association. Council Code Law School Left Professor Martin Redish Easter b Booth Hall Professor Joyce Hughes. Below Professor Anthony Amato Curriculum FIRST YEAR COURSES Required Courses First Semester COURSE NAME CREDIT HOURS Contracts Torts Civil Procedure Criminal Law Legal Writing Second Semester CREDIT HOURS Contracts II Torts II Property Perspective Elective American Legal History English Legal History International Law Law Social Change Law Social Order Legal Writing School DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Accounting Law Course Recognizing Administrative Law Course Topics Admiralty Course American Legal History Course America. Most Golden Age American American Revolution Civil War Colonial Period Twentieth Century. American Legal History Advanced Seminar Students American American Antitrust Enforcement Course Prerequisite Antitrust Law. Antitrust Law Course History Areas Overlap Also Common Market Corequisities Administrative Law Corporations. Antitrust Law Policy Seminar Advanced Banking Law Seminar Federal Reserve Board Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Primary Behavioral Science Law Seminar Emphasis Broadcasting Regulation Course Federal Communications Commission Attention CATV. Corequisite Administrative Law. Business Associations Partnerships Advanced Course Development Prerequisite Corporations. Business Planning Course Emphasis Prerequisites Corporations Federal Corporate Income Tax. Civil Law Seminar With Anglo American Conti Problem Civil Liberties Seminar Consideration Prerequisite Constitutional Law II. Civil Procedure Course Civil Procedure II Course Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Prerequisite Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Advanced Course Civil Procedure. Prerequisites Civil Procedure II. Clinical Practice Course Northwestern Legal Clinic United States Attorney Office Better Government Association Law School Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Student Illinois Clinical Trial Advocacy Course Clinical Practice These Students Legal Clinic Commercial Paper Course Course Computers Law Seminar Topics Members Northwestern. Conflict Laws Course Topics Constitutional Law Course Constitutional Law II Course Topics Also Constitutional Law Bill Rights Due Process Clause. Prerequisite Constitutional Law Constitutional Law Advanced Course Fourteenth Amendment Among Congress Section Constitutional Law Advanced Problems Seminar Within Prerequisite Constitutional Law II. Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Seminar Specific Model · Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code Report National Commission Consumer Finance Contracts Course Introduction Contracts II Course Contracts Con Prerequisite Contracts Contracts Advanced Studies Seminar Article UCC Code. Corporation Finance Course Pre Accounting Corporations. Corporation Law Current Problems Seminar Corporations Course Applicable Attention Counseling Negotiation Litigation Course Class Northwestern Legal Clinic. Criminal Appellate Advocacy Seminar Prerequisite Criminal Process Police Practices. Criminal Evidence/ Criminal Trial Practice Seminar Plea Criminal Law Course Areas Criminal Law Current Problems Seminar Materials Criminal Process Formal Proceedings Course Such Standards Dangerous Products Law Course · About Material Topics De Amendment Consumer Product Safety Act. Laetrile Debtor Creditor Relations Course Federal Bankruptcy Act Deceptive Trade Practices Course Consideration Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis Federal Trade Commission Detailed Classroom Economic Analysis Law Course Contract Economic Regulation Seminar How How These Following Economics Law Seminar Prerequisite Economic Analysis Law. Education Law Seminar United States. Employment Discrimination Course English Legal History Course Study English English American Environmental Law Course Attention Problem Prerequisite Administrative Law Regulated Industries. Estate Planning Seminar Planning Reasons Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Estates Trusts Estates Trusts Course Coverage Estates Trusts II Course Topics Estates Trusts Ethics Law Seminar Evidence Course Areas Family Law Course Emphasis Family Law II Seminar Such / / Prerequisite Family Law. Federal Jurisdiction Course Food Drug Law Seminar Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Foreign Law Seminar Seminar Such Insurance Law Course Basics International Business Transactions Seminar American American American Materials International Foreign Antitrust Law Course U.S. European Common Market EEC United Kingdom Western Germany France Japan Substantive American EEC Prerequisite Antitrust Law. International Law Course Students Traditional International Law Private Seminar International Protection Human Rights Seminar Focus European Convention Human Rights Inter American System Protection Human Rights United Nations Organs Protection Human Rights. Constitutional United States International Trade Course United States American International GA TT International Travel Law Seminar Emphasis Immigration Nationality Act United States. Jurisprudence Course Current Every Juvenile Law Seminar Labor Arbitration Seminar Students Prerequisite Labor Law. Labor Law Course Labor Law Advanced Problems Seminar Labor Law Public Sector Seminar Legal Prerequisite Labor Law. Labor Law Selected Problems Seminar . Land Use Public Private Control Course Prerequisite Real Estate Transactions. Legal Ethics Course Code Professional Responsibility Legal Profession Seminar Attention Legal Writing Course Instruction Supreme Court Northwestern Legislative Process Course Primary Patent Copyright Law Course Police Practices Exclusionary Principles Course Property Course Introduction Jaw Areas Shelley Psychiatry Law Seminar Medical School Real Estate Development Course Alternative Prerequisite Real Estate Transactions. Real Estate Investment Seminar By Real Estate Transactions Course Also Regulated Industries Course Regulated Industries Current Sales Sales Financing Course Article UCC Article UCC. Stress Code Code Magnuson Moss Warranty Act Bankruptcy Reform Act. Science Legal System Seminar Among Scientific Evidence Course Scientific Secured Transactions Course Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act. Securities Regulation Course Areas Securities Act Securities Exchange Act Prerequisite Corporations. Securities Regulation Advanced Seminar Special Prerequisites Corporations Securities Regulation. Securities Regulation Advanced Problems Seminar Advanced secunt Senior Research Senior Research Registrar Office Director Research. Social Change Law Course United States. Emphasis Social Order Law Course Consideration Specific State Local Government Course Topics Tax Advanced Problems Corporate Seminar Intensive Federal Corporate Income Tax Topics Prerequisite Federal Corporate Income Tax. Tax Federal Corporate Income Course Detailed Jaw Prerequisites ccounti Corporatio Federal Income Tax. Tax Federal Individual Income Course Is Taxation Federal Estate Gift Course Special Revenue Act Tax Reform Act Unified Tax Credit Taxation Foreign Income Course United States United States Torts Course Coverage caITiers Torts II Course Torts Torts Torts Advanced Course Tort m Areas Also Also Prerequisites Torts II. Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices Course Also Federal Trade Commission Trial Practice Course Discovery Trial Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. Trial Practice II Course Circuit Court Cook County. Civic Center / Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Trial Practice Trial Practice & II Course Trial Practice II · Members Circuit Court Cook County. Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. United States Supreme Court Litigation Current Seminar United States Supreme Court Supreme Court. Cases Court. Writing Urban Housing Problems Seminar Welfare Litigation Course Soda! Security Act. Proposals Women Law Course Emphasis Office Career Counseling Placement Legal Clinic Morton Horwitz Harvard University Rosenthal Lectures Lincoln Hall. Class Convocation Endowments Supplemental Programs Honors Prizes Law School Lectures United States Law School Many Law School Others School. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar. One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent Their Since School Rosenthal Foundation. Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. His Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan. Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History These Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. These Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University. Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc. United Nations United Nations. Adlai Stevenson Class Umted States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law. Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co. John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co. Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf Berle Jr. Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press. Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations E. Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc. Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University. Northwestern University Press. Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press. Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press. Judge Carl McGowan S. Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press. Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Co University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press. Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director U.S. Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law. Arthur Goldberg J.D. Justice S. Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press. Willard Wirtz Law School Faculty United States Secretary Labor Labor Law. Perspectives Justice. Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University. Northwestern University Press. Equitable Sharing World Resources Oscar Schachter Director Studies United Nations Institute Training Research Former Director General Legal Division United Nations. Columbia University Press. Ronald Dworkin Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Is Law Jerome Alan Cohen Professor Law Director East Asian Legal Studies Harvard Law School Is There Law China Archibald Cox Carl Loeb University Professor Harvard University Law School Constitutional Law Burger Court. One Northwestern University Law Review. Willard Pedrick Professor Law Dean Arizona State University College Law Death Taxes Living. Commerce Clearing House. Ian Macneil Frank Ingersoll Professor Law Cornell Law School New Social Contract Inquiry Modern Contractual Relations. Yale University Press. Morton Horwitz Professor Law Harvard Law School Place Justice Holmes American Legal Thought. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Law School Professor Linthicum Class Law School American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation William Cary John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Dennis Thompson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund. Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Walsh Fund. $ Edwin Walsh Class Law School Albert Kocourek Fund. Albert Kocourek Professor Law School Professor Emeritus $ Warren Buckley Fund. $ Warren Buckley Class Law School. William Trumbull Fund. $ William Trumbull Class Professor Law Dean Law School Legal Clinic Law School. Robert Childres Memorial Fund. Robert Childres Professor Law Northwestern He Because Professor Childres Director Research Fund Joseph Buchwald Fund. $ Charles Buchwald Law School Dean Wigmore Law School. Vilas Swan Fund. Income $ Vilas Swan Class Law School Dean. Russell Baker Fund Research International Law Business. Russell Baker Fund Research International Law Business Russell Baker Baker & McKenzie. Baker Fund Andrew Brainerd Brainerd & Bridges Mr. Baker. Fund Baker & McKenzie Mr. Brainerd $ Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund. Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund Northwestern University School Law Ray Garrett Jr. School Law Securities Exchange Commission Chicago Gardner Carton & Douglas. Fund Mr. Garrett School Law Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Fund Gardner Carton & Douglas Mr. Garrett Fund. LIBRARY ENDOWMENTS University Law School Library Library Gary Endownment Fund Elbert Gary LLB. United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LLB. Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Barnet Hodes LLB. Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LLB. Mrs. Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund. Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro J.D. Circuit Court Cook County. Also Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. Paul Cutler J.D. Cutler Browsing Alcove. Mr. Cutler Professor James Rahl European Common Market Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Law Professor Emeritus Edwin Perkins Foundation Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund Albert Kocourek Professor Kocourek Law Professor Emeritus Walter Winget Mr. Winget J.D. Northwestern Peoria Illinois. $ Woods Charitable Fund Inc. Law Library Law School United States. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ENDOWMENTS University Law School Northwestern George Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $ School Mrs. Virginia Quilici Judge George Quilici. Dean. John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. Hardy Scholarship. Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen Coon Law School Class Owen Coon Foundation. School Mr. Coon Foundation Law School Hardy Scholarships Scholars Edwin Austin Scholarships. Edwin Austin Class $ Law School. Mr. Austin Sidley & Austin $ Recipients Dean Advisory Committee Law School University Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. Oswald Deller $ Adele Rabino Deller Class John Henry Wigmore. Income Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph Wright Class $ Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. $ Anna Louise Raymond Blumberg Book Fund. Nathan Blumberg Class $ Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class $ Law School $ Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. Chicago Foundation Northwestern Chicago Dean. Class Scholarship. Class Law School Class Scholarship. Class David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts David Axelrod Class Deserving Dean David Campbell Fund. David Campbell Class Decalogue Society Lawyers Scholarship Fund. Decalogue Society Lawyers $ Richard Kahn Class Director Financial Aid. Decalogue Society Lawyers Scholarship Fund. Oscar Nudelman Class Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. $ John Henry Wigmore Club John Ritchie Dean Law School Income Dean Law School. Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna Williams Edwin Kitty Perkins Scholarship Fund. Edwin Perkins Foundation $ Dean Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund. $ Elmer Smith Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists $ Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund. Ernest Schroeter Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Floyd Thompson Scholarship. $ Floyd Thompson Mrs. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Francis Kosmerl Scholarships. $ Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Frank Nicholas Scholarship Fund. Frank Nicholas School Law. / Self-reliance Any Frank Nicholas Scholarship Frederic De Young Scholarship. Frederic De Young LLB. LLD. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert University $ School Law Illinois. George Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts Mrs. George Basta $ George Basta Class Dean. George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship Grant. $ George Enfield Frazer Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong $ Law School Class Income Hawaii Dean School. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna Folonie Law School. Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund. $ Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund. Isidore Brown Class School Law Law School Brown Chicago Brown Dashow Arons Doran Circuit Court Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund $ Judge Brown Roger Howard. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. $ Mrs. Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Jerome Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts $ Susan Jerome Ettelson Foundation Dean Mr. Ettelson Class Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $ Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School Joan Carmell Matlaw Scholarship Fund. Dr. Ralph Matlaw Joan Carmell Matlaw Class Mrs. Matlaw Office Legal Affairs Michael Reese Hospital Medical Center Chicago Illinois Mental Health Code John Lord Scholarship Fund. Chicago Lord Bissell & Brook John Lord. Income $ Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. $ Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean Shirley Tark Scholarship. $ Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. $ School Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. $ Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. $ Orville Taylor · Richard Powell Scholarship Fund. Isham Lincoln & Beale Chicago Law School Richard Powell Class Mr. Powe II Isham Lincoln & Beale While Law School Mr. Powell Law Review. His Order Coif School Wigmore Key Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law. Mrs. Ellen Sage $ Russell Matthias Sr. Endowment Fund. Mr. Matthias Chicago Meyers Matthias Law School $ Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School. Thad Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. Thad Talcott Class Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. Susan Hoyne Ingraham $ School Law. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Class Law School. Virgil Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr. He $ Dean Law School School. Walter Moses Scholarship. Established Chicago Bar Foundation Mrs. Walter Moses Chicago Bar Walter Moses Scholarship Chicago Northwestern University School Law Moses Scholarship. Ware Scholarship. $ Mrs. Fannie Ware Lt. Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. $ Wellington Walker Chicago CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION Continuing Legal Education Law School Professor Fred Inbau Short Course Prosecuting Attorneys. Short Course Lawyers Criminal Cases. Both School Law. Professor Inbau Course Director Short Courses Prosecutors Course Defense Course Short Courses Law School Illinois Institute Con Legal Education Annual Corporate Counsel Institute Committee Corporate Law Departments American Bar Association Section Corporation Banking Business Law Committee Corporate Law Departments Chicago Bar Association Section Corporate Law Departments Illinois State Bar Association. Institute United States. Institute Proceedings Institute Th Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law lnstit Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund Northwestern University School Law Ray Garrett Jr. School Law Securities Exchange Commission Chicago Gardner Carton & Douglas. Institute Ray Garrett Institute Standards Regulating Corporate Internal Affairs Eleven Following Institute Institute Once National Institute Trial Advocacy NITA Law School During NIT NIT American Bar Association Section Judicial Administration Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Practicing Law Institute Students Continuing Legal Education CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS AND POLICY RESEARCH. Center Urban Affairs Policy Research Northwestern Center Center Nearly Northwestern Center. Center Center Their Funding University Center Northwestern NU CAS Center Center Ce. · University. Applications Decisions Center Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois Center TRANSPORTATION CENTER Transportation Center Northwestern University. Its HONORS AND PRIZES Order Coif Order Coif Northwestern. Jaw Northwestern Order Coif Wigmore Key Established Student Bar Association School Selection Lowden Wigmore Prizes Income Frank Lowden Class $ Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal International Law Business Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Barnet Scott Hodes Prize Income $ Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government. $ $ Hyde Prize Income $ Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law Harold Shapiro Prize $ Stephen Lemann New Orleans Bar Harold Shapiro Class Edward Harriman Lecturer Law School. Business Planning Dean Mr. Shapiro. Moot Court Plaque Graduating Class Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition Prizes $ American Society Composers Authors Publishers Northwestern Dean Copyright Law. ASCAP. Illinois Bar Foundation Research Fellow Program Annually $ Law School Nominations Dean Law School. Students Chicago St. Patrick Day Student Activities Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School. School United States Students Two Law School. See Law School. Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Black Law Journal Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Journal International Law Business Northwestern University Law Review. Selection BLACK LAW JOURNAL Founded University California Los Angeles Law School Black Law Journal Black Law Journal Northwestern Organizing Advising Small Business Enterprises Professor Joyce Hughes Northwestern University School Law Toward New Bill Rights. Northwestern THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal Journal Members Membership Journal Northwestern Journal Some Those Journal Student Approximately Supreme Court Supreme Court Review Law School. NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND BUSINESS Northwestern Journal International Law Business JI LB Students Northwestern Journal International Law Business Law School Approximately Membership JILB NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review. University Chicago University Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review. Law Review. Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition U.S. District Court Judge Julius Miner Gradu Law Mrs. Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Justices Arthur Goldberg Potter Stewart Justices Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall John Paul Stevens Byron White William Rehnquist Supreme Court United States Chief Judge Thomas Fairchild Seventh Circuit Court Appeals. Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition. ARLYN MINER FIRST YEAR MOOT COURT PROGRAM Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Mrs. Julius Miner Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner Mrs. Miner Judson Linda Miner Leslie Miner Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE STUDENT BAR ASSOCIATION Student Bar Association Law School. SBA Students SBA. Outstanding School SBA Speakers Program SBA SBA Social One Law School Chicago Campus Council. Council Chicago Northwestern University. Orientation Council LA ALIANZA Founded La Alianza Latino Northwestern. Because Latinos Northwestern La Alianza Latino Few Latino La Alianza Law School. Consistently Latinos Student Bar Association. Recently Latinos Northwestern Julius Miner Moot Court Phillip Jessup International Moot Court La Alianza Latino BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association Law School. BLSA Occasionally BLSA BLSA United States University BLSA Chicago DECALOGUE SOCIETY Decalogue Society Northwestern Chicago Decalogue Society Lawyers. Illinois Society Jewish Decalogue Society Northwestern Decalogue Society. INTERNATIONAL LAW SOCIETY International Law Society Law School Society Midwest Phillip Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition Law School JD MM ASSOCIATION JD MM Association JDMM Program Northwestern Master Management Juris Doctor School Law L. Kellogg Graduate School Management. Members Association JD MM Program Association NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD National Lawyers Guild Northwestern Chicago. Guild Northwestern Alternative Practice Conference PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH CONSORTIUM $ SFPIF STUDENT NEWSLETTER Published Law School TAX LAW SOCIETY Tax Law Society Society Membership Meetings STUDENT FUNDED PUBLIC IN WOMEN CAUCUS Women TEREST FELLOWSHIPS Founded Since SFPIF SFPIF Con Caucus Law School Members Women Caucus Woman Law Extended Study Program Women Caucus Bimonthly Caucus Law School. Admission School Mr. Hoyne School $ Letter Henry Booth Law School Law School United States School Law Admissions Committee. Committee Among Since Law School Consequently School Northwestern University University APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Law. Application Law School Law School Law School Data Assembly Service LSDAS Law School Admission Services Box Newtown Pennsylvania LSDAS LSDAS Law School Exceptions LSDAS Law School LSDAS Law School Admission Test. 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Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Personal $ Cashier Office University ID FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Recognizing School Law School. School Law Currently Law School School Northwestern University Federally Insured Student Loan Program School Law Our National Direct Student Loans University University Short Term School Work Study Program. GAP SF AS PROCEDURE School Law Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service GAPSFAS GAPSFAS No GAPSFAS GAPSFAS Northwestern GAPSFAS Remember GAPSFAS Admissions Office Accepted GAPSF AS Admissions Office GAPSFAS Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service Box Princeton New Jersey CONTINUING STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Law School Continuing GAPSFAS Changes Students By Barring Law School SCHOLARSHIPS Law School Law School University. GAPSFAS John Henry Wigmore Clarion DeWitt Hardy Designation Wigmore Hardy Scholar While No Admissions Committee. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEDERALLY INSURED STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM Federally Insured Student Loan Program Northwestern University $ $ Through Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Loans Six Peace Corps VISTA U.S. Public Health Service Should Two $ Note Conditions Additional Office Admissions. SHORT TERM LOAN PROGRAM Interest University Short Term Student Loan Program. Students $ Further Office Registrar. Law School Loan Funds Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband $ Mr. Hodes Graduate Study Degrees School Law One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. Experience English English. Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws Also Students Graduate Committee During Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full $ More Accommodations University Chicago GRADUATE FINANCIAL AID Fellowships. Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States $ $ Normally Fellowships Students Successful Brunson MacChesney Fund. Mrs. Ruth MacChesney Brunson MacChesney Northwestern University Law School American Professor MacChesney School. He American Society International Law ABA Section International Law School Graduate Studies Program. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens Law School Placement Alumni Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean Northwestern School Law School Beyond Placement Office Through Placement Office While United States School Government School First However Graduating School Placement Office School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Furthering Working Others School United States United Nations Northwestern Through Northwestern Its United States School Law School Law Attractive School. Alumni PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent School School Law School Further Placement Office During District Columbia School Law. School Placement Office NOTE School Law THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION School Law School School. Over School Law School Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Law Alumni Association Chicago Annual Alumni Faculty Annual Alumni Weekend During Alumni Weekend Annual Alumni Dinner Law School Alumni Association Regional Law Alumni Association American Bar Association Annual Meeting Atlanta Boston Denver Des Moines Detroit Los Angeles Miami Milwaukee New York Phoenix San Diego San Francisco Seattle Washington. Law Alumni Association Officers George Kelm Carole Kamin Bellows Richard Wiley Harold Shapiro Marvin Aspen Arnold Kanter Richard Kelly Regional Vice Presidents James Adams John Barry Harold Calkins Howard Castle Arthur Davis Walter Davis Warren Eggleston Richard Flynn Franklin Gill George Googasian James Harper James Henderson Harry Horrow Lyman Hull John Logan Deborah Palmer Ronald Pearlman Norm Sevin Thomas Stanton Jon Steffenson Louis Welsh Curtis Woods Paul Ziffren Board Directors William Brady Milton Fisher James Otis Shirley Tark Jayne Carr Thompson Kenneth Whitney Isidore Brown James Hardman Frank Karaba Edward Karlin Timothy Klenk Russell Matthias Edward Bryant Jr. William Caples III Paul Kimball Jr. John Lindquist Roger Taylor Clarence Wilson Roy Adams LL.M. Arlene Erlebacher Crane Hauser Donald Hilliker Bobbie McGee Emory Naylor Jr. Eloy Burciaga Sharon Fabian Francis McConnell Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Jr. Peter Sfikas National Chairman John Lynch Members Law School Visiting Committee Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens Stefan Jr. Willard Wirtz Eugene Pincham Circuit Court Cook County Short Course Defense Lawyers Criminal Cases SCHEDULES AND HOURS School Law Calendar SCHEDULES AND HOURS Officers Faculty Staff UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack Lee Ellis Jim Carleton Student Affairs John Fields William Ihlanfeldt David Mintzer Laurence Nobles Allin Proudfoot Michael Weston Donald Collins John Margolis Jeremy Wilson William Thigpen Payson Wild LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS David Ruder Thomas Geraghty Irving Gordon William Elwin Jr. Kira Wigoda Stephen Yandle George Grossman FACULTY Kenneth Abbott John Beckstrom Robert Bennett Robert Burns Anthony Amato John Elson Legal Clinic Thomas Eovaldi Daniel Fischel Clinton Francis Freed Thomas Geraghty Northwestern Legal Clinic Stephen Goldberg Irving Gordon George Grossman James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Fred Inbau Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Steven Lubet Ian Macneil Thomas Merrill Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch Daniel Polsby Philip Postlewaite Stephen Presser James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie Victor Rosenblum Leonard Rubinowitz David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Helene Shapo Marshall Shapo Francis Spalding Richard Speidel Jon Waltz LECTURERS Roy Adams J.D. Estate Planning Estate Gift Taxation Melvin Adessa Taxation Hon. Marvin Aspen Evidence Peter Barack Securities Regulation International Business Transactions Jon Bass Patricia Bobb George Burditt Food Drug Law Theodore Clark Jr. Labor Law Jeffrey Colman Criminal Trial Advocacy Dennis Ferrazzano Real Estate Transactions Development Steven Goldman Real Estate Richard Gray Robert Hanley Trial Practice David Hilliard Trademarks Donald Hilliker Securities Regulation Carter Howard Trusts Helen Hart Jones Rodney Joslin Henry Kenoe Legal Clinic Hon. Roger Kiley Jr. Trial Practice II Richard Kling Fred Lane Kent Lawrence Commercial Arbitration John Lemker Jr. Linda Lipton Thomas Mulroy Trial Practice Beverly Pattishall Trademarks Michael Reiter Jerome Roberts Computers Law Gary Ropski Copyright Law David Sanders Hon. Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro Harriman Lecturer Partnerships Business Planning Edward Sheridan James Sprowl Hon. Earl Strayhorn Elaine Teigler Legal Bibliography Ann Williams Anton Valukas Criminal Trial Advocacy LEGAL CLINIC FULL TIME LECTURERS Roslyn Lieb Legal Clinic Mary McCormick LEGAL WRITING CLINICAL FELLOWS Kathy Morris Mejia Ruth Moscovitch Peter Zheutlin VISITING ENGLISH LEGAL WRITING FELLOW Timothy Bishop ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Barbara Abene Robin Accola Hannan Ali Carolyn Allen Theresa Anderson Elaine Cerny Admissions Clara Coleman Susan Curnick Financial Aid Cindy Diamond Travis Dobbs Elizabeth Donahue Registrar Patricia Franklin Eleanor Frame Publications Anita Grier Juana Haskins Janet Henderson Nathan Henderson Mary Ann Hoffman Cleotha Hubbard Jackie Johnson Linnie Jones Edward Kerros Nancy Ketzenberg Martha Koning Bernice LeBeau Margaret Logan Patricia Miller Sarah Mingo Jeanne Nowell Continuing Legal Education Doris Nugent Dianna Nunn Krystyna Obuchowicz Janice Priester Elizabeth Quintos Fay Reid Janet Rose Helen Saldana Jeanne Sather Darlene Shelton Dorothy Slocum Noel Spaso Francine Spearman Willie Watkins Terri Weinstein Steffani Weiss NORTHWESTERN LEGAL CLINIC Thomas Geraghty John Elson Mark Schoenfield Steven Lubet Helene Shapo Legal Writing Program Roslyn Lieb Mary McCormick Robert Burns Nancy Ketzenberg Carolyn Allen Anita Grier Larry Washington George Grossman Elaine Teigler Barbara Hycnar James Brantley Librarian John Fox Madeline Hebert Martha Jameson Mercedes Mantilla Terrence Connell Carl Yirka Marija Asbille John Campbell Maria Chase Douglas Clayton William Jacobson Mary Kenny Lynn Kincade Leah Khotemlyanskaya George Lee Don Liszewski Marta Olszanska Lucy Petrovic Rosita Ramos Ethel Rochlin Linda Stinehart Joyce Sypniewski Associate Dean Stephen Yandle United States Ambassador United Nations Donald McHenry Jeffrey Nicholas Charles Saulsberry Roster Colleges Universities Write ADDRESS ALL LAW SCHOOL MAIL TO Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois ADDRESS MAIL CONCERNING THE PARTICULAR MATTERS LISTED BELOW TO THE SPECIFIC LAW SCHOOL OFFICES INDICATED Director Graduate Studies Placement Service Admission Placement J.D. Graduate Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Law Alumni Association J.D. Ph.D. Alumni Director Program Law Social Sciences. Office Admissions Admission J.D. Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J.D. Combined J.D. M.M. Program Registrar Requests Law School Requests Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Site Law School Addition Abbott Hall INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Application Buildings Black Law Journal Black Law Students Association Calendar Center Urban Affairs Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined J.D. M.M. Program Continuing Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Curriculum Data Decalogue Society Defense Attorneys Short Course Degrees Endowed Professorships Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Health Honor Code Honors Housing International Law Society J.D. M.M. Association J.D. M.M. J.D. Ph.D. Joint Law/ Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology La Alianza Lake Shore Center Law Alumni Association Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Social Sciences Legal Clinic Legal Legal Library Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Map Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition M.M. J.D. Moot Court National Institute Trial Advocacy National Lawyers Guild Northwestern Journal International Law Business Northwestern University Law Re · Officers Order Coif Ph.D. J.D. Placement Pre Prosecuting Attorney Short Course Publications Public Interest Research Consortium Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Short Courses Sociolegal Student Student Bar Association Student Student Funded Public Interest Fellowships Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Rosenthal Lectures Tax Law Society Three Transfer Transportation Center Tuition Visiting Visits School Women Caucus Withdrawal Northwestern University Bulletin School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois Philippians https://plrccollections.org/files/original/a6f066b739bc8998f12bc723f913915e.pdf 57e0d783cc663265893f2ae13cad7457 PDF Text Text The School of Law NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1976-77 ��THE SCHOOL OF LAW ACADEMIC YEAR 1976-77 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago, Illinois Chicago Campus 1 �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a beautiful setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop. 2 �CONTENTS Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Curriculum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 The Law Alumni Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 Roster of Colleges and Universities .. . ....... .. .... . . . 70 Index . ..... . ..... . .. .. .... . ... .. ....... . ........ 71 Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Map of Chicago Campus . .. .... . . . . .. .. . Inside back cover Northwestern University does not discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin in matters of admissions, employment, housing or services or in the educational programs or activities which it operates. 3 �OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert H. Strotz, Ph.D., LL.D., President of the University Raymond W. Mack, Ph .D., Provost Lee A. Ellis, M.P.A., Senior Vice-President for Business and Finance Jim G. Carleton, Ph.D., Vice-President for Student Affairs John E. Fields, M .B.A., Vice-President for Development William S. Kerr, Vice-President and Business Manager David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice-President for Research and Dean of Science Arthur T . Schmehling, C.P.A., Vice-President and Controller William C. Bradford, Ph.D., Associate Provost Stephen J. Miller, Ph.D., Associate Provost William H . Thigpen, J.D. , General Counsel J. Roscoe Miller, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., L.H.D., Litt.D., Chancellor Emeritus Payson S. Wild, Ph.D. , LL.D., Litt.D. , Provost Emeritus Laurence H. Nobles, Ph.D., Dean of Administration LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D. , Associate Dean Edward H . Palmer, LL.B., Associate Dean Thomas N . Edmonds, M.B.A., Associate Dean Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S., LL.B., Associate Dean Stephen T. Yandle, B.A. , J.D., Assistant Dean Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J .D., B.L.S., Librarian FACULTY Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Oxon .), J.D., Associate Professor of Law (on leave first semester) John H . Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law Robert W. Bennett, B.A. , LL.B., Professor _of Law ( on leave first semester) William C. Chamberlin, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., LLB., Associate Professor of Law (on leave second semester) Robert Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor of Law and Director of Research Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., J.D., Ph.D., Professor of Law Karl de Schweinitz, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Economics and Law Eugene Z. DuBose, Jr., A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law 4 Dean James A. Rahl is the initial holder of the Owen L. Coon Chair in Law established in 1974. The professorship bears the name of the late Owen L. Coon (Law '19), a former trustee and lifelong friend of the University. �John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Associate Professor of Law and Assistant Director, Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thomas L Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor of Law and Associate Dean Mayer G. Freed, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D;, Assistant Professor of Law Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B. , J.D., Associate Professor of Law and Director, Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LLB ., Professor of Law Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LLM., Professor of Law Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus John P. Heinz, AB., LLB., Professor of Law Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Fred E. lnbau, B.S., LLB., LLM., John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian and Professor of Law Steven Lubet, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Brunson MacChesney, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of Law and Director of Graduate Studies Nathaniel L Nathanson, B.A., LLB ., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Alexander Nekam, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Daniel D. Polsby, B.A., J.D ., Assistallt Professor of Law James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean and Owen L. Coon Professor of Law Martin H. Redish, A.B. , J.D., Associate Professor of Law Harry B. Reese, B.A., LLB., William W. Gurley Professor of Law John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., Dean Emeritus and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Emeritus William R. Roalfe, LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Professor of Law Leonard S. Rubinowitz, B.A., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law and Urban Affairs David S. Ruder, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law and Director of Co11tinuing Legal Education Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S. , J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Daniel M. Schuyler, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS., Ph.D., Professor of Law Emeritus a11d Lecturer Paul E. Slater, B.A ., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law (on leave 1976-77) Stephen M. Snyder, B.A. , M.P.A., J.D. , Assistant Professor of Law Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and Associate Dean Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law (on leave 1976-77) Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law N. Frank Wiggins. B.S.. J.D. , Assistant Professor of Law LECTURERS Francis E. Andrew, B.A. , J.D ., Lecturer on Clinical Trial Advocacy Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LLM., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence George M. Burditt, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Austin Fleming, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estate Planning Steven Goldman. A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Real Estate Development Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trademarks Robert C. Howard, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic Helen Hart Jones, A.B. , LLB., LL.M., Lecturer on Women and the Law Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L, J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property Malcolm J. Merry, B.A. (Oxon.), Lecturer on First-Year Legal Writing and Moot Court Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LLB., Lecturer on Trademarks Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and Partnerships James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Lecturer on Legal Bibliography Merrill S. Thompson, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Timothy L Tilton, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property 5 �ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Steven Barclay Stephanie Bradley Alan Cherry Mark Chester Ronald Craig JoAnn Farrington Diane Geimer Ed Karlin Ken Kraft Jed Mandel Joanne Moffic Henry Patin Katherine Puckett Jay Shulman Connie Ward Scott Young ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Cheryl Berngard, Secretary to the Associate Dean Veena Bhatia, B.A. , Secretary, Legal Publications Toni Campbell, Admissions Assistant Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Legal Publications Harriet G . Christiansen, Secretary, Legal Publications Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary Hermann Conaway, B.S.C., Assistant Controller Susan Curnick, B.A., Assistant Director of Admissions Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary Essie Dorris, Receptionist Margaret Eartly, Assistant Registrar JoAnn Ewing, Admissions Assistant Kiyo Fujiu, B.A., Secretary to the Associate Dean Connie Harper, Faculty Secretary Josephine Harris, Secretary to the Assistant Dean Mary Ann Hoffman, Secretary to the Associate Dean, Secretary of Graduate Admissions Kay Huff, B.A., Staff Assistant Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean Charlene Kvederis, B.A., Assistant Director, Personnel and Placement Bernice LeBeau, B.S., Associate Secretary to the Dean Patricia Miller, B.A., Registrar Sarah Mingo, CPT Operator and Secretary Jeanne Nowell, B.S., Assistant Director, Alumni Relations Doris Nugent, Secretary to the Associate Dean Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary Dorothy Slocum, Research Secretary Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary Willie J. Watkins, Pressworker Steffani Weiss, B.S., Secretary, Continuing Legal Education Richard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction Department 6 NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas F . Geraghty, A.B. , J .D. , Director John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Assistant Director Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D., Staff Attorney �Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney Steven Lubet, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney Nancy Ketzenberg, Department Assistant Marci Jenkins, Secretary LIBRARY Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head of Readers' Services Gail S. Munden, B.A. , M.S. in LS. , Head of Acquisitions and Binding Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS., Head of Foreign and International Law Timothy S. Pyne, B.A., M.L.S ., Serials Librarian Margaret M. Snyder, B.A. , M.S.LS., Cataloging Librarian Milada Weber, Dr. Jur., M.S. in LS., Head of Classification and Cataloging Anne Zitkovich, B.S., M.A.LS., Cataloging Librarian Maria C. Chase, Head of Circulation and Reference Assistant John W. Campbell, Library Assistant Marcelino P. Catuira, LLB., Cataloging Assistant Frank J. Daniels, B.A. , Reference Assistant Lance Helms, B.A., Cataloging Assistant Selma Krahn , Cataloging Assistant George L Lee, Library Assistant Don Liszewski, B.A., M.A., Reference Assistant Thomas Moran, B.A., Reference Assistant Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant Priscilla Waldman, B.S., Library Assistant Eugenia Weres, Cataloging Assistant PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Director Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon), J .D., Director CALENDAR FOR 1976-77 1976 Sept. 7 Sept. 7 Tues., 8 :30 a .m. Tues., noon Orientation of new students Thanksgiving recess begins First semester upperclass classes begin Nov. 24 Wed., 6 :00 p.m. Nov . 29 Dec. 21 Mon., 8:30 a.m. Classes resume Tues. Thursday classes meet Dec. 22 Wed. Wed., 6:00 p.m. Friday classes meet First semester classes end; Christmas recess begins Dec. 22 1977 Jan.7-18 Fri.-Sat ./ Mon .-Sat./ Mon-Tues. First semester examination period Jan. 24 Mon., 8:30 a.m. Mar. 19 Mar. 28 May 14 May 18-28 June 18 Sat., noon Second semester classes begin Spring recess begins Mon ., 8:30 a.m . Sat., noon Classes resume Second semester classes end Wed.-Sat./Mon .-Sat . Second semester examination period One Hundred and Nineteenth Annual Commencement Sat. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a .m. to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday, and from 12 noon to 11 p.m. on Sunday. 7 ��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN The first Jaw school in its state and region and one of the oldest in the nation, Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich heritage. Since its founding in 1859, it has been dedicated to the education of men and women for all branches of endeavor in the Jaw under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the Jaw. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with approximately 550 students seeking their first degree in law. The substantial size of the faculty gives the School one of the two or three lowest student-faculty ratios found among the leading law schools. This makes a close working relationship between student and teacher possible, thereby fostering professional training of the highest order and providing an opportunity for the development of each student's unique capabilities. LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the business center of Chicago. Not far to the south, along the lakefront, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. Nearby are Orchestra Hall, home of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, and the Chicago Public Library. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Near the campus, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal governments, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University, where several other buildings house the Medical School and the Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, containing an 800-seat auditorium and housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic; Abbott Hall, the 18-story student residence for the men and women enrolled in the professional schools; and hospitals which are members of The McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,300 full-time undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for courses and seminars, general library resources, cultural activities, and athletic events, has been the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range 9 �program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The $12-million University Library, key academic facility of the First Plan, opened in 1970. Other new facilities are the Norris University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, 0. T. Hogan Biological Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building ( the communicative disorders center), Nathaniel Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of Management's new headquarters on the Evanston campus), School of Education Building, Rebecca Crown Center (the University's administration building), and new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall, part of the developing fine and performing arts complex, was completed in 1975. The University recently announced a new $177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward the Eighties." The major thrust of the campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for current and future educational operations; some $49 million is being sought for a building program. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Good professional training requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration and arrangements conducive to informal interchange between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the finest traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage the student will share. The Law School consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a handsome garden which is frequently used for open-air discussions and study. In interior design and ornament, the 10 buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, Engl and , and abroad, are hung about the School to illustrate the people and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. The design of Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was suggested by that of the British House of Commons. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and third years meet here, numbering typically from 10 to 15 students seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For instruction in trial and appellate practice, the School has a fully-equipped, modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates actual criminal and civil trials conducted occasionally by courts sitting in Illinois and is used for the teaching of trial practice. iiii LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. I �The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With its collection of more than 334,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law libraries in the Western Hemisphere. Even more important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled study and typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student for typing a research paper or reorganizing course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and may call upon the expert fulltime staff of 22 if in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well, whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but also to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library's Anglo-American collection includes almost all the reported 11 �decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases , textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well-selected, comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession in general. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, and government and includes a special collection on law and the social sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. About one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic documents, treatises, and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public and private international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises 12 more than 500 original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LLB., 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields . Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and to practitioners. Provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As a practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to a general University appropriation, the Law School Library is supported by many annual gifts by alumni and friends and by a number of special endowments. The largest endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then �Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LL.B., 1909) . In 194 7, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LL.B., 1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H . Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul W. Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science, and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. In addition, Mr. Cutler is annually providing funds for development of an especially fine collection on the European Common Market and on international business law. Two gifts to the Law School in 1970 provided for the purchase of books for the library. A substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams increased the library's endowment fund. In 1971, the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore, in memory of the late Professor Robert Wyness Millar, a member of the Law faculty, 1915-42, and professor emeritus, 1942-59. The income from this fund is to be used for the purchase of books. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided a major endowment in 1972 for the purchase 13 �of books, materials, and equipment, known as the Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Library Fund. In 1974, under the will of Albert Kocourek, a fund was established for the purchase of books on jurisprudence. Professor Kocourek was a member of the Law faculty, 1907-40, and professor emeritus, 1940-52. In 1975, a bequest of Walter W. Winget provided a major endowment for the purchase of books on real property, wills, and probate law. Mr. Winget received his J.D. degree from Northwestern in 1926 and practiced law for many years in Peoria, Illinois. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which student lawyers hone their skills in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden Hall, named for the first of several of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are available to students and faculty during the morning hours under the auspices of the Junior Bar Association. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. Separate offices are provided for student activities, including the Junior Bar Association, the Northwestern University Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology , the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and certain student organizations. Faculty offices which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce lawyers of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student can concentrate time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students, except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School, are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of personal qualities which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, 18 stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in Plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott Hall 18 17 14 �architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement contain common rooms for social and recreational purposes; the upper 16 have private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a bookstore. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished . Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. For the academic year 1976-77, the room rates range from $523 to $730 per person per room. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. Students may eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and cold foods are also available in the vending canteen on the second floor. Students may pay cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign board contracts. Students who choose the contract plan get 12 or 18 meals per week Monday through Saturday and have the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals except certain specials. The cost of a school year board contract is $775 for 12 meals and $900 for 18 meals per week. The Division of Student Finance issues the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January 1, and April I . Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall . Applications, together with a $50 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room application, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a very limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Two types of accommodations are available : efficiency ( one room) apartments ranging from $153 to $169 a month, including utilities ; and one-bedroom apartments ranging from $191 to $218 a month, including utilities. Apartments require a deposit of $100 to get on the waiting list. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. The Off-Campus Housing Office in Abbott Hall provides listings for students who prefer to live off campus. STUDENT HEALTH Entering students are required to present records of recent physical examination. The Student Health Service for all students in schools on the Chicago campus is located at 222 East Superior Street, room 334. Available medical services and limited hospital and surgical coverage are described in the Student Health Bulletin which each student receives upon initial registration. Supplemental hospital insurance and surgical coverage, necessary to provide more complete coverage of hospital costs of students and their dependents, is available at nominal rates. The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m. to 4: 30 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health Service bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the nurse in charge, room 334, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurrin~ outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at Passavant Pavilion of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Students are liable for the payment of medical expenses incurred in the hospital emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient departments on unauthorized visits. An unauthorized visit is one which has not had the prior approval of the Health Service excepting, of course, when circumstances of time or physical condition make this impracticable. Students are also liable for the full payment of other medical expenses incurred without prior approval of the Director of Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond those provided by the Health Service are advised as indicated, but are the financial responsibility of the students. 15 ��" [Here the] teaching will ... give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but also for careers in government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and everchanging. Law, bringing order and direction to human relations, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands of the individual student the thought and initiative needed to extend learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his or her way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as mind and industry will carry. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that day is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours as are spent in class are devoted to individual study. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but also with topics such as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the 17 �accused. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow-plastics, space projects, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his or her professional life. Within the limits of the possible, education in that brief span must be for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Consumer Protection, Comparative Law, and Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. 18 No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will attend classes approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from 10 to 15 students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experiences of the lawyers and judges who conducted them and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on first-hand observation of the law in action. Although the case method varies in i~s use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this �preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to revert to the student, after he or she has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of a law school career the student is thus led to do what one has to do throughout professional life-think, analyze, and decide on one's own initiative. the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact they are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically, in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his or her analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, the student or a classmate is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the form of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create a solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Or the transaction may already have taken place, and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to 19 �situation and the views he or she takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows . Clinical Training and Practice Courses Clinical training and practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day when there were no law schools, and the lawyer trained for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time and is now developed in clinical programs and courses supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne Hall , next door to the Law School, students working under faculty supervision gain practical experience in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents in a wide variety of cases, both civil and criminal. Students also assist the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials and, under the rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education. During the first year, all students are instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue the case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court composed of alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of beginning and advanced trial practice courses. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in pre-trial preparation, examining witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to a jury. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do in court. 20 Much of the lawyer's practice is carried on in the office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers several courses in which the student is called upon to solve client problems and draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from 10 to 15, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his or her own research and analysis for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Legal Writing Skills Every student is offered the opportunity during his or her Law School career to develop writing skills. In the first year, each student is required to take a course which provides supervised experience in written communication with particular reference to the field of law. In the second and third years, further experience is gained in supervised writing. Before graduation each student is required to complete one or more of the following : • Editorial work meeting established standards on the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology . • Participation in the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. • Participation in the Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. • Participation in the Senior Research Program. • Enrollment in a seminar which requires presentation of preliminary and revised �drafts which receive careful editorial criticism prior to submission of the final draft of the paper. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation by Northwestern introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a student, with faculty approval, may elect to devote as many as 12 credit-hours-close to half of the third year-to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. During the second year a student interested in this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field and who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the curriculum, the student may arrange a schedule to include Law School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with the faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening one's powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library and may also draw upon other resources, including other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits, with careful advance planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world. For example, different faculty-student teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in several African nations as a part of the Senior Research Program. Faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time to the research, discussion, and critique necessary to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant-not only in substance but also in working relationship-than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. Many joint books and articles have been published as a result. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. During the first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the firstyear student's individual problems in dealing with them are under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his or her last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years 21 �James R. Thompson, '59 (right), former U.S. Attorney, visiting the Law School. enables students who so wish to attain a degree of concentration. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context. For example, questions of criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional Law may be studied in a seminar on Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the students to select virtually any combination of elective courses in the last two years. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University has pioneered in research integrating the study of law and the social sciences. The joint degree allows students to earn the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences in five years, including four years of courses and a dissertation year. The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as a professional, both in law and in social science. The graduates of this program qualify for admission to the Bar and are competent 22 to practice law. They are also fully trained in both the theory and methods of social science and experienced in field research on legal systems. The program admits up to five students per year. Applicants interested in this program may write for further information to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 357 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. 6061 I. THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM A student may earn the Master of Management (M.M.) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if he or she enrolls in both the Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five years of study. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester-hours in the School of Law, an additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate School of Management. Similarly, the M.M. may be earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for 6 course units being given for work completed in the School of Law. Joint credit is given, however, orrly to those enrolled in the program. The precise order in which work is taken may be determined individually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one �school and a full year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both law and management during the third and fourth years. Every participant, however, must complete one academic year of study exclusively in each school before enrolling for a program of courses in both schools. An applicant to the combined degree program should apply separately to each of the schools, following procedures prescribed by each school. To qualify for the combined program, an applicant must be admitted to both schools. After admission, the applicant must signify which school he or she wishes to attend first. A student already enrolled in one school may apply for the combined program by seeking admission to the other school during his or her first year of study in either the School of Management or the School of Law. A student in the combined program may be considered for financial assistance separately by each school for the first year he or she is enrolled in that school and by both schools when taking courses in both schools. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third years must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. In any semester third-year students may register for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminars, examinations are not ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. With the permission of the Dean, students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Specific graduation requirements and details of the grading system are set forth in the "Rules of Northwestern University School of Law," published separately. In general, to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete and earn credit in the 14 semester-hours of the first semester; the remaining 13 semesterhours of required first-year courses; and at least 63 semester-hours of elective work; in not less than six or more than seven semesters in residence. After the first semester, in order to remain in good standing, students enrolled prior to September 1, 1975 must earn satisfactory grades (Honors, Satisfactory, or Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed; for graduation purposes, such students must earn satisfactory grades in twothirds of the credit-hours completed after the first semester, except that hours of Pass (P) may be offset by hours of Honors (H). A new grading system applicable to students enrolling for the first time in the fall of 197 5 and thereafter, and for all students commencing September 1977, has been adopted. It provides for letter grades A+, A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F. After the first semester, in order to remain in good standing and for graduation purposes, a student's average must fall between a C + and a C for credit-hours attempted subsequent to the first semester. In addition, before graduation, the students must meet the writing requirement described above. The faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time. This responsibility, however, is not exercised in a manner which will place an undue burden upon an enrolled 23 �student who has planned his or her program on the basis of previously announced requirements. Instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he or she must have satisfied the faculty as to character, and the student must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he or she is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described under Graduation Requirements. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned at Northwestern. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described later in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opinion of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars, the courses and the work in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic are limited in enrollment. The School cannot 24 assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, course, or Clinic program can be accommodated. COURSE NUMBERING Each Law School curricular offering is assigned a seven- or eight-digit number as follows: 01 - 320 - 74 Evidence 01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I (The Law School code within the University is 13; it is used to precede course numbers only where necessary to distinguish Law School courses from offerings of other schools of the University.) The first two digits identify broad fields of study, as follows: 01 Procedure and Practice 02 Criminal Law 03 Torts 04 Contracts and Cont1act Consequences 05 Property 06 Family Structure and Arrangements 07 Business Structure and Regulation 08 Taxation 09 Governmental Structure and Function 10 Admiralty, International Law, and Foreign Law 11 Social Issues 12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and Legal History The next three ( or four) digits identify the particular course. The first of these three digits also identifies level and place in the curriculum, as follows: 100 Required first-year course 200 Elective course open to first-year students 300 Upperclass elective course without prerequisites 400 Upperclass elective course with prerequisite ( s) 500 Seminar without prerequisites 600 Seminar with prerequisite(s) 700 Clinical course 800 Senior Research 900 (reserved) Where a course is a part of a subject sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II, the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the course's placement within the sequence. The final two digits identify the section and instructor. �CURRICULUM FffiST-YEAR COURSES Required Courses Elective Course** FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Number Name 04-110-1 Contracts I Credit Hours 4 02-110 Criminal Law 3 01-110 05-110 03-110-1 Moot Court Property Torts I * 4 3 Total first-year hours 14 SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Number Name 04-110-2 Contracts II 09-110 Constitutional Law 01-120 01-110 Legal Profession Moot Court 03-110-2 Torts II 02-210 Crimin al Procedure** or Economics for Lawyers** 11-220 or 10-210 International Law** or 11-210 Law and Social Change** Credit Hours 2 4 1 3 3 3 16 •work of Moot Court continues th ro u gho ut the academic year, but grade an d credit are entered only a t conclusion of second semester. • •one of the fou r electi ves open to first-year students is to be chosen. William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture. 25 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES (Listed alphabetically within categories) Course Number Elective Courses Offered in 1976-77 07-330 09-310 07-420 07-340 Credit Hours Accounting Administrative Law Advanced Business Associations-Partnerships Antitrust Law 1 3 2 4 01-310-1 Civil Procedure I 01 -711-14 Clinical Practice 01-710 Clinical Practice Orientation 01-340 Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper 04-310 10-310 Conflict of Laws 07-310 Corporations 4 4 04-350 Debtor-Creditor Relations 06-320-1 Decedents' Estates and Trusts I 3 04-340 01-320 Equity, Restitution and Damages Evidence 1 2 3 3 3 Course Number SECOND SEMESTER Course Name 10-320 09-310 07-340 Admiralty Administrative Law Antitrust Law 3 3 4 07-440 Business Planning 2 01-310-2 Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Conflict of Laws Corporation Finance Criminal Procedure 2 4 01-721 -24 01-710 01-340 04-310 10-310 07-410 02-210 11-220 05-330 Economics for Lawyers Environmental Law Evidence 3 3 3 3 06-310 08-410 3 3 08-330 Family Law Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction 3 3 01-320 08-310 01-330 3 2 01-330 12-510 Jurisprudence 2 07-350 Labor Law 4 05-320 Public and Private Control of Land Use 3 07-370 Regulated Industries 2 09-320 State and Local Government 2 Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice I 2 2 08-310 07-360 01-420-1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 07-361 2 08-330 Credit Hours Decedents' Estates and Trusts II Deceptive Trade Practices 3 06-320-2 Family Law Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction 06-310 08-410 26 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name 3 2 3 2 05-340 10-210 Intellectual Property International Law 2 3 07-350 11-330 11-210 Labor Law The Law and Racism Law and Social Change 4 2 3 05-310 09-340 Real Estate Acquisition and Disposition Regulation of Broadcasting 3 2 02-310 04-320 07-430 Scientific Evidence Secured Transactions Securities Regulations 3 2 01-420-1 01-420-2 Trial Practice I Trial Practice II 2 11-320 11-340 Welfare Litigation Women and the Law 2 2 1 1 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR SEMINARS Cont'd FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Credit Hours 07-530 Advanced Problems in Securities Regulation 2 09-520 01-510 11-510 Civil Liberties Computers and the Law Consumer Protection, Credit Sales and Poverty Criminal Evidence Criminal LawCurrent Problems 2 06-610 Estate Planning 07-510 Course Number Elective Seminars Offered in 1976-77 02-530 02-520 2 2 2 2 Course Number 06-630 09-510 07-610 SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Credit Hours Advanced Family Law Advanced Problems in Constitutional Law Antitrust Law and Policy 2 2 2 01 -720-61 Client Counseling 2 02-540 Criminal Appellate Advocacy 2 . 02-530 Criminal Evidence 2 2 07-520 06-610 Employment Discrimination Estate Planning 2 2 Food and Drug Law 2 10-530 11-570 Juvenile Law 2 10-511 International Business Transactions Introduction to Civil Law 2 2 11-630 11-540 12-520 04-610-1 Law and Economics Law and Education Law and Ethics Law of Private Agreement I 2 2 2 11-570 Juvenile Law 2 2 2 05-610 Preventive Land Law 2 09-540 Transportation Regulation and Policy 2 Labor Arbitration Law and Criminology Law and Development: Africa 04-610-2 Law of Private Agreement II 11-560 Law and Psychiatry 05-510 Urban Housing Problems 2 05-520 2 2 07-620 02-510 10-521 Real Estate Development 2 2 2 COURSES AND SEMINARS NOT OFFERED IN 1976-77* Course Number 02-710 Course Name Credit Hours Federal Criminal Trial Practice (seminar) Fiduciary Administration (seminar) 2 04-330 Insurance Law 2 10-540 11-310 12-310 09-330 Law of the Common Market 2 Law and Poverty 2 Legal History 2 Legislative Process 2 11-550 Problems in Law and Medicine (seminar) 2 08-620 Tax Policy (seminar) 1 06-620 1 *Offerings in the regular curriculum which, although not offered in 1976-77, may be offered in future years. 27 �SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research may be taken by third-year students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in the first semester taken) in any field of study upon agreement with the supervising professor, subject to the rules governing the program which are available from the Registrar's Office or the Director of Research. DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS (Listed in order of course number) Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also serve to identify instructors. 01-110 MOOT COURT Messrs. Freed (22), Course (3 hours) Kennedy (37), Merry, First and Second Semesters and Assistants in Instruction (03 / 64) One hour credit given in the first semester; two hours credit given in the second semester. After an introductory study of the process of trial and appellate litigation, the first semester's work consists of the writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in small groups with an Assistant in Instruction; individual tutorials with a Teaching Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the full class. The second semester's work consists of moot court cases raising legal issues of current interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis is placed on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. The second semester program is supported by the Arlyn Miner Memorial Fund. 01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION Course (1 hour) Mr. Snyder (66) Second Semester An examination of some of the problems of organization, function and control of the legal profession as they affect lawyers, their clients and the public. Among problems considered are the definition of the "practice of law" (the "unauthorized practice" problem); provision of adequate legal services for all (the poor, the middle-income client, the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-of. interest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's 28 business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Materials to be announced. 01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I Course (4 hours) Messrs. Redish (55); First Semester Waltz (74) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Cound, Friedenthal & Miller, Civil Procedure: Cases and Materials, 2nd ed., 1974 (Mr. Redish); Waltz, Cases on Pleading and Procedure (multilithed), and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). 01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Messrs. DuBose (17); Second Semester Reese (56) A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see course description of Civil Procedure I. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); materials to be announced (Mr. DuBose). 01-320 EVIDENCE Mr. Haddad (30); Course (3 hours) Ms. Hughes (33) First Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Materials to be announced (Mr. Haddad); Brown and Meisenholder, Problems in Evidence; Cleary et al., McCormick's Handbook of the Law of Evidence; Federal Rules of Evidence for the United States Courts and Magistrates (Ms. Hughes); Louisell, Kaplan, and Waltz, Cases and Materials on Evidence (Mr. Waltz). 01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Reese (56), Second Semester Redish (55) History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; law applicable in federal courts. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System 2nd ed. , 1973. The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. �01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course (2 hours) Mr. Geraghty (24) First and Second Semesters Introduction to trial advocacy to prepare students for third year clinical practice. Students' skills will be developed and tested by presentation of solutions to trial problems at weekly sessions of the Circuit Court of Northwestern, Clinical Division. Trial problems will require students to examine witnesses, introduce other evidence (including the testimony of expert witnesses), present opening and closing arguments, and select juries. In addition to problems, each student will bear responsibility for the preparation and trial of a criminal or civil case ( or cases). These complete mock trials will take place before mock juries, and the students' performances will be judged and reviewed by other students, faculty, practicing lawyers, and judges. Materials to be announced. 01-420-1 TRIAL PRACTICE I Course (2 hours) Mr. Hanley (83) First and Second Semesters An introduction to litigation in which the student, using tested hypothetical cases, prepares and participates in the selection of a jury, opening statements, the direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses and closing arguments. The student will assume the roles of counsel, witness, juror and judge. Although the instructor will demonstrate from time to time, the primary teaching mode will be student participation with instructor critique. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. Materials: Morrill on Trial Diplomacy, 2nd ed., multilithed materials prepared by instructor and special problems. 01-420-2 TRIAL PRACTICE II Course ( 1 hour) Second Semester Mr. Hanley (83) The students, with some faculty supervision, will prepare and try one complete case before a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County. The trials will be held in two three-hour segments in the evening during the 10th week of the semester. The students will appear from time to time before the instructor, acting as a judge, on motion and status calls. They will utilize such discovery procedures and make such motions as they deem necessary. The final trials will be videotaped and critiqued by the instructor. A written trial brief will be required. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I, Evidence and Trial Practice I. Materials : Morrill on Trial Diplomacy, 2nd ed., mimeographed materials prepared by instructor and special problems. 01-421 TRIAL PRACTICE I & II Course (2 hours) Second Semester Ms. Hughes (33) (Not offered in 1976-77.) 01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Roberts & Sprowl (96) The procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law, legal problems resulting from computer utilization in an increasingly computer-oriented society; computer invasion of privacy and the impact of computers upon the democratic process; the use of computers in legal research; and an introduction to computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of computers in the practice of law and in litigation. Materials to be announced. 01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course (1 hour) Mr. Lubet (34) First and Second Semesters Introduction to the practice of poverty law in Chicago. Survey of the basic legal principles and most useful practices for the poverty law fields frequently encountered in the Legal Assistance Clinic, including Cook County criminal procedure, divorce, consumer, housing and welfare. Techniques for representing poor persons and for litigation in poverty law fields will be discussed. This course should be used by students as preparation for work in the clinic in the third year. In the event the third year Clinical Practice course is oversubscribed, preference will be given to those students who have successfully completed Clinical Practice Orientation. Materials will be announced. In addition to completing the reading and writing assignments in the course, students must arrange to work concurrently with clients and on cases in a law office. This may be done through volunteer work at the Legal Assistance Foundation of Chicago, the Chicago Legal Aid Bureau, the Federal Defender Program or elsewhere. Paid employment is also acceptable. With prior consent of the instructor, students may substitute similar legal work done over the summer. 01-711-1; 01-721-2 CLINICAL PRACTICE Course (4 hours) Messrs. Eovaldi, Geraghty, First and Second Semesters Elson, Schoenfield, Lubet, Howard, Ms. Geraghty (11) Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours per week to clinical practice at the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, United States Attorney's Office, Better Government Association, or at other agencies or organizations approved by the Law School for clinical practice. Training in counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and in substantive and procedural law particularly relevant to the clinical program chosen. Students enrolled in the course are required to apply for certification under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 711 , the Illinois student practice rule. This rule allows third-year students, 29 �under certain circumstances, to practice in the Illinois State courts. Preference for admission to the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic will be given to those who enroll for both semesters, who have successfully completed Clinical Practice Orientation and a trial practice course, and who have worked in the clinic or volunteered to work there before their third year. Supervisors in other clinical programs may have different prerequisites. Materials to be announced. 01-720 CLIENT COUNSELING Semin ar (2 hours) Second Semester Ms. Geraghty and Mr. Schoenfield (61) Training in interviewing and counseling clients regarding legal and human problems, the use of social agencies and other community resources, and the nature of and techniques used in the interviewing/ counseling process. The seminar will include an analysis of techniques used by attorneys conducting negotiations. The class sessions will consist of lectures and the presentation of problems in which students will act as attorneys in interviewing/ counseling and negotiating roles. Videotape equipment will be used in the presentation of problems and critique of student work. 01-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE 02-110 CRIMINAL LAW Course (3 hours) Messrs. Heinz ( 31 ) ; Inbau (35) First Semester Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations. Inbau, Thompson, and Moenssens, Cases and Comments on Criminal Law. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course (3 hours) Messrs. Haddad (30); Second Semester Inbau (35) A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau, Thompson, Haddad, Zagel, and Starkman, Cases and Comments on Criminal Procedure. 02-210 02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (I hour) Second Semester Mr. Inbau (35) The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials to be announced. 30 02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester (to be announced) Consideration of the determinants of society's action in labeling something "criminal," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them; and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal law-i.e. whose values the criminal law expresses. Materials to be announced. 02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Inbau (35) A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. Materials to be announced. 02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Aspen (86) Second Semester Mr. Bronner (88) An examination of the trial processes of a criminal case. The seminar will focus on strategy and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case, plea bargaining, the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony, arguments to the court and jury, and sentencing procedures. Materials to be announced. 02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Haddad (30) A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other state and federal post-conviction remedies. Multilithed materials. 02-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW 03-110-1 TORTS I Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Freed (22); Rosenblum (57) Protection of personality, property, and relational interests against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract, and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; study of the effects of modern socio-economic concepts on the development of tort law and of the operation of the judicial process at it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Materials to be announced. �03-110-2 TORTS Il Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Redish (55); Rosenblum (57) A continuation of Torts I ; see course description for Torts I. Gregory and Kalven, Cases and Materials on Torts (Mr. Redish). Materials to be announced (Mr. Rosenblum). 03-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS 04-110-1 CONTRACTS I Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Du Bose ( 17); Wiggins (73) Study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; an introduction to contract remedies; formation, performance, and discharge of contracts, including third party beneficiaries, assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds. Contractual aspects of the Jaw of agency. Attention is given to certain portions of the Uniform Commercial Code which relate to contracts for the sale of goods. MacNeil, Cases and Materials on Contracts (Mr. DuBose) . Materials to be announced (Mr. Wiggins). 04-110-2 CONTRACTS Il Course (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Childres ( 10) ; Freed (22) A continuation of Contracts dealing with sales under the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales contract; risk of Joss and rights of creditors and purchasers before delivery of the goods to the buyer; warranties and the power of the parties to alter them by contract; remedies of the buyer when the goods are non-conforming and the right of the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of credit and credit card transaction. Speidel, Summers & White, Commercial and Consumer Law. 04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER Course (3 hours) Mr. Chamberlin (09) First Semester Mr. Wiggins (73) Second Semester The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the 31 �of relief, emphasizing the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The law of restitution both legal and equitable, the other equitable remedies and the law of damages. The attempt is to construct a rational rule structure for these areas, one which is both consistent with most of the cases and responsive to the problems of the day. Childres & Johnson, Equity, Restitution and Damages. Professor Harry B. Reese, recently named the first Willam W. Gurley Professor of Law. holder in due course; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2nd ed.). 04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 Hours) Second Semester Mr. Polsby (59) Secured financing of commercial and consumer goods with special reference to transactions in motor vehicles, fixtures, inventory, and receivables; consignments, equipment, leasing, and field warehousing; security interests in proceeds of the collateral and after-acquired property; priorities, with detailed consideration of the priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course, and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems of the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Materials to be announced. 04-330 INSURANCE LAW Course (3 hours) Mr. Chamberlin (09) Second Semester (Not offered in 1976-77.) 04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND DAMAGES Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Childres (10) A functional study of the law of form and measure 32 04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) Mr. Polsby (51) First Semester A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquidation; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Materials to be announced. 04-610-1,2 THE LAW OF PRIVATE AGREEMENT I, II Seminar (2 hours each semester) First and Mr. Childres (10) Second Semesters This experimental seminar will study currently controversial problems in or related to contracts. The law as to conditions, unconscionability, exculpatory clauses, impracticability, contract damages, landlord-tenant relations, and warranties after the new federal statute are examples of the kind of subject matter to be considered. Students must register for both semesters. Admission, which will be by permission of the instructor only, will be restricted primarily to second-year students. The instructor will attempt to coordinate the seminar with several Senior Research projects. 04-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES 05-110 PROPERTY Course ( 4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Schuyler ( 62); Spalding ( 65) Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background ; basic property concepts; selected problems in personal property; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests; concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases and Text 011 Property (2d ed.), and multilithed materials. �REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course (3 hours) Second Semester Ms. Hughes (33) An analysis of thP. basic elements of land acquisition and transfer-the real estate sales contract, deeds, recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development financing including federal programs and secured lending devices; an exploration of additional selected legal problems such as cooperative and condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced . 05-310 05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course (3 hours) Mr. Spalding (65) First Semester A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control the use of land. On the private law side, both consensual arrangements (easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered. On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning, subdivision control, and pollution control schemes. These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related factual situations-rather than doctrinally. Spalding, Cases and Materials on Uses of the Environment (2nd tentative edition-multilithed). ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course (3 hours) Mr. Spalding (65) Second Semester A study of the choices of policy and methodology implicit in various aspects of the application of legal controls to uses of the human environment. Attention is given to definition of the appropriate scope of environmental concern; to the economic impact of control ; to the role and weight to be accorded to scientific assessment of future or potential hazards ; to limitations imposed by the state of technology; and to the adequacy and efficacy of various forms of governmental organization , statutory schemes and legal doctrin.es to meet societal goals in this field . Fact situations considered include hazards to health (pesticides, radiation), allocation of scarce resources ( energy, population) , preservation of threatened resources (wildlife species, wilderness) and allocation of costs of preserving or improving environmental quality (air and water pollution, strip mining) . Materials to be announced. 05-330 05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Lungmus & Tilton (91) Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering patents, trade secrets, and copyrights, and the relation of antitrust policy to patent monopolies. Multilithed materials. URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Rubinowitz (60) First Semester An examination of the housing and- related community development problems of metropolitan areas and the relationship of the law to those problems and their solution. Materials to be announced. 05-510 05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Goldman (26) Second Semester An examination- principally from the viewpoints of the developer-investor and his attorney-of selected financial, business, legal and tax considerations involved in the acquisition, development, and syndication of real estate. David, Urban Land Development. 05-610 PREVENTIVE LAND LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Hughes (33) An examination of the impact of various legal rules on ownership of rural land in 11 southern states. Each student will write a paper on one of the following topics: mortgages, property taxes, and tax sales ; leases of mineral rights; eminent domain and condemnation; judgments and judicial sales ; liens ; !is pendens ; recording; homestead exemptions; conveyancing. The paper will 1) summarize existing rules in the 11 states and 2) suggest needed reforms. No prerequisites, but helpful courses are: Real Estate Acquisition and Disposition; Secured Transactions; DebtorCreditor ; Equity; Restitution and Damages. 05-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY 06-310 FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Beckstrom (04) A study of the legal problems involved in formation , maintenance, and dissolution of the family with particular emphasis on the problems of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage, child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson, Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic Relations (1974). 06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I Course (3 hours) Messrs. Beckstrom (04); First Semester Chamberlin (09) Intestate succession: limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.). 33 �Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor trom 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School. 06-320-2 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS ll Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. Schuyler (62) The legal consequences of wills, trusts, and other dispositive documents, with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving class gift s, gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested and contingent interests, powers of appointment, the rule against perpetuities and changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration; charitable trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts; Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.). 06-610 ESTATE PLANNING Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Fleming ( 82); Kirby (36) Second Semester Mr. Fleming (82) A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation 34 and Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials to be announced. 06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) 06-630 ADVANCED FAMILY LAW Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Beckstrom (04) Second Semester This seminar will focus, in depth, on current issues of particular concern in the area of family law. During the 1976-77 offering, for example, it is anticipated that such topics as an adopted person's access to public records concerning her/ his birth, the legal aspects of artificial insemination and the homosexual's right to custody of his/ her children will be explored . Comparative materials from other countries will be included. A substantial piece of writing will be required of each participant. The course in family law is prerequisite. Materials to be announced. 06-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS 07-310 CORPORATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Kennedy (37) ; Ruder (58) A study of the common law, federal and state statutory, and administrative framework for the �operation of the modern corporation. Attention will be directed to problems of organization, distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the regulation of securities transactions, proxy and reporting requirements, the special problems of close corporations, and corporate derivative and class actions. Vagts, Materials on Basic Corporation Law (Mr. Kennedy); Cary, Cases and Materials Oil Corporations (Mr. Ruder). 07-330 ACCOUNTING Course (I hour) Mr. Brady (87) First Semester Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accounting. Open only to students who have earned no more than three hours of college credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting for Business Lawyers (1971). 07-340 ANTITRUST LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Rahl (53) & Kennedy (37) Second Semester Mr. Kennedy (37) Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of Business ( 1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and Materials Oil Antitrust Law (1975-multilithed) . 07-350 LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester Mr. Goldberg (25) Second Semester Mr. Hillman (32) An examination of the legal framework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment through collective bargaining. The roles and limitations of legislative. administrative, and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be studied. Meltzer, Labor Law Cases, Materials and Problems with 1975 Supplement and Appendix. 07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Pattishall & Hilliard (95) The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Pattishall and Hilliard, Trademarks, Trade Identity and Unfair Trade Practices. 07-361 DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course (3 hours) Mr. Eovaldi (20) Second Semester An exploration of the wide variety of deceptive trade practices in the marketplace for consumer goods, services, and credit, and an evaluation of the common law, legislative, and regulatory agency response to these practices. Common law theories considered will include actions for deceit, misrepresentation, or breach of warranty and the doctrine of unconscionability. Consideration will be given to the tort of unfair competition and to the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis will be placed on the activities of the Federal Trade Commission in regulating unfair and deceptive advertising and sales practices, including the substantiation and correction doctrines recently explored by the Commission. Consideration will also be given to the numerous statutes requiring sellers to disclose specific items of information to consumers. Materials to be announced. 07-370 REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Hillman (32) Examination of the objectives, practices, and consequences of legal and administrative regulation by the federal and state governments of key sectors of American industry. Materials will be drawn primarily from the fields of communications, transportation, energy, food and drugs. Emphasis will be placed on evaluation of regulatory statutes and case law prescribing agency policies, instruments, and procedures relevant to people's expectations and needs. Materials to be announced. 07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Barack (93); Ruder (58) An examination of corporate financial matters, including the federal regulation of securities distributions under the Securities Act of 1933, corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise and securities valuation, the financial protection of security holders and creditors, and fairness and shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions. Prerequisite: Corporations. Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations; Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation. 07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS Course (2 hours) Mr. Shapiro (97) First Semester Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation, operation , and dissolution of partnerships and limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Prerequisite: Corporations. Materials to be announced. 35 �07-430 SECURITIES REGULATION Course (2 hours) Mr. Ruder (58) Second Semester Federal regulation of broker dealers, stock exchanges. and investment companies. Civil liabilities for violation of securities laws. The role of the Securities and Exchange Commission and new developments in the structure of the capital markets. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation. 07-440 BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Mr. Shapiro (97) Second Semester Advanced problems in corporation finance, including corporate organization, distributions, recapitalization, and reorganization. Emphasis will be placed upon problems of financing corporations, with concurrent examination of problems in corporate, tax and securities law. Prerequisites: Corporations and Federal Corporate Income Taxation. Materials to be announced. 07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Burditt & M. Thompson (89) A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Christopher and Goodrich, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug Law, 2nd ed. (Consult one of the lecturers prior to registration if writing requirement is needed.) 07-520 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Freed (22) Second Semester A study of the law of employment discrimination, including such issues as race and sex discrimination, standardized testing, affirmative action, and quotas. Emphasis will be on the litigation process in discrimination cases: recognition of discrimination, statutory causes of action, proof, and equitable relief. Students will be expected to spend out of class time in research for and preparation of papers and briefs in actual pending cases. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized, in addition to in-class discussion. Materials to be announced. 07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Ruder ( 58) Detailed examination of a subject of current importance in the area of federal securities regulation. Prerequisites: Corporations; Corporation Finance. Materials to be announced. 36 07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Rahl (54) Advanced study of selected areas of antitrust law and policy. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law. Materials to be announced. 07-620 LABOR ARBITRATION Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Goldberg (25) An examination of selected arbitration decisions and current problems in arbitration. Students will be expected to write decisions based on transcripts of actual arbitration hearings. Materials to be announced. 07-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION 08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Kirby (36) Mr. Snyder (66) Second Semester An introduction to the statute on federal income taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of individuals, estates and trusts, on family property arrangements, and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby). Materials to be announced (Mr. Snyder). 08-330 FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Snyder (66) Second Semester Mr. Kirby (36) The impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of property transfers during life and at death. Materials to be announced (Mr. Snyder); Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby). 08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Snyder ( 66) Second Semester Mr. Kirby (36) The federal income taxation of business entities, corporations, and partnerships; the incorporation process, recapitalization, reorganization of businesses; the treatment of Subchapter S corporations. Prerequisite: Federal Individual Income Tax. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Law: Income Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby). Materials to be announced (Mr. Snyder). �08-620 TAX POLICY Seminar (I hour) (Not offered in 1976-77 .) 08-800 ' SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION 09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course (4 hours) Second Semester Messrs. D'Amato (15); Gordon (27) & Nathanson (76) The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federal government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Gunther and Dowling, Cases and Material on Constitutional Law, 9th ed. 09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course (3 hours) Mr. Nathanson (46) First Semester Mr. Rosenblum (56) Second Semester A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governments, including the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the. requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials . 09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Snyder (66) & Wiggins (73) Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced. t 09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) { 09-340 REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course (2 hours) Mr. Bennett (05) Second Semester An examination of the law covering the broadcasting industry. The regulatory scheme of the Federal Communications Commission will provide the major focus for attention, with emphasis on choice among competing applicants, diversification of control of the media, the fairness 11nd related doctrines, and audience involvement in the regulatory process. Attention will also be 37 �given to related matters such as antitrust considerations and regulation of CATV. The course will hi ghlight the pervasive tension between concerns of free speech and regulation in the public interest. Materials to be announced. 09-510 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Messrs. Gordon (27) Second Semester & Nathanson ( 46) A study of selected cases in constitutional law awaiting decision by the Supreme Court in the current term. So far as possible, the materials used will be the briefs filed in the Supreme Court. Each student will be required to submit arguments and a written opinion for analysis and criticism by other members of the seminar. Materials to be announced. 09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Nathanson (46) Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and separation of church and state. Consideration will be given to underlying philosophical conceptions, to comparable problems in other democratic societies, and to international protection of human rights. Materials to be announced. 09-540 TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND REGULATION Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Hillman (32) An examination of the economic goals of transportation policy and the effectiveness of present transportation regulation in achieving those goals. 09-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. MacChesney (42) An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international Jaw; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Leech, Oliver & Sweeney, The International Legal System. 10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. MacChesney ( 42) Second Semester Mr. Reese (56) A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; 38 theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. Cramton, Currie and Kay. Cases 011 Conflict of Laws, 2nd ed. 10-320 ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision , and the limitation of liability. Healy & Sharpe, Cases on Admiralty, 2nd edition. 10-511 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Schwerin (63) Second Semester Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common Jaw and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Materials to be announced. 10-521 LAW AND DEVELOPMENT: AFRICA Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom (04) An exploration of the changes traditional African legal systems are undergoing as a result of "Westernization," including under that term the introduction of codified Jaw and new adjudicative forms, the migration to the cities, and social change generally. Both aspects of the adjustment process will be explored: the modifications Western legal forms and procedures must undergo in being applied to a social context differing from that which gave rise to them, as well as the accommodations a traditional society must make to incorporate successfully new legal institutions and processes. A goal of the seminar is sensitization to the rationale behind many Anglo-American legal institutions and concepts by showing how they work-or do not work-when transferred to another social setting. Materials to be announced. 10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Barack (03) Second Semester An examination of the legal problems of doing business abroad, including host country restrictions on foreign investment, problems of international trade, American taxation of foreign corporations and shareholders, and the extra-territorial application of American anti-trust and securities laws. Materials to be announced. 10-540 THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) �10-620 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Nekam (47) First Semester The choice-of-law process in perspective: the development within the field of contracts and torts; the impact of federal law; the influence of theories and fashions in rationalization . Materials to be announced. 10-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND FOREIGN LAW 11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. Rubinowitz (60) An inquiry into relationships between legal processes and social processes. Consideration will be given to law, as a process of authoritative decision, being used as a strategy both to facilitate social change and to maintain minimum public order with respect to power, wealth, respect and other value objectives. The inquiry will extend to legal processes in both national and international communities Materials to be announced. 11-220 ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS Course (3 hours) Mr. de Schweinitz (16) Second Semester A course for students who have had no economics, covering: the macro-economic theory of the determination of income, prices, and employment; the role of money, taxation, and government expenditures in stabilization policy; the microeconomic theory of markets, stressing their structural characteristics that influence the formation of the relative prices of inputs and outputs; the macro- and micro-economics of international trade and finance. Throughout the course the relationship between economic and legal processes will be emphasized. Materials to be announced. United States Senator Dale Bumpers, (Ark.), '51, talks with students during a visit to the Law School. 39 �11-310 LAW AND POVERTY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) 11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Bennett (05) An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and problems of litigation, particularly feder al jurisdictional problems, encountered in vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against the background of the present law. Materials to be announced . 11-330 LAW AND RACISM Course (2 hours) Mr. Rubinowitz (60) Second Semester An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising out of the relationship between races in the United States ; identification and discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting blacks and other minority groups. Materials to be announced. 11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW Course (2 hours) Ms. Jones (81) Second Semester A consideration of sex roles in contemporary society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated by doctrines of constitutional law, family law, labor law, property law and the like; emphasis on the societal contexts in which doctrinal development occurred and in which it operates today. Materials to be announced. 11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES, AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Eovaldi (20) Second Semester An examination of the legal, economic, historical, and social setting for the sales of consumer goods on credit, with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. The course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collection process. Specific subjects examined include: fraudulent and deceptive sales practices; regulation of credit terms and rates; truth in lending and other disclosure laws; warranty laws and unconscionability doctrines ; creditor collection remedies, including wage assignments, wage garnishments, repossession and deficiency judgments, as well as holder in due course doctrine and contractual waiver of defenses; redress of consumer grievances, including small claims courts, arbitration procedures, class actions, and governmental agency activities. The Model Consumer Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the Report of the National Commission on Consumer Finance, and other proposals for legal changes will be considered . Multilithed materials. ./ 11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Rosenblum (57) Second Semester Analysis of the statutory, constitutional, and public policy considerations affecting the structure and processes of education in the United States. A major focus on the governance of educational 40 �institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g., the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students. Materials to be announced. 11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) 11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Morris, Rubin & Schneider (85) The seminar will be offered by Dean Norval Morris of the University of Chicago Law School, Bernard Rubin, M.D., and Judge Joseph Schneider as a joint seminar for students from Northwestern and the University of Chicago. Enrollment will be limited to 12 law students from each school. 11-570 JUVENILE LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Geraghty (24) et al. An examination and analysis of law relating to juveniles both in court (waiver of jurisdiction, delinquency, minor in need of supervision, and neglect and dependency proceedings) and out of court in the context of schools, institutions, and the home. The course is open to all second- and third-year students and is designed to acquaint students who may be practicing juvenile law in a clinical setting with the various theories used by court~ and legislatures for treating juveniles differently than adults and with juvenile practices in Cook County. 11-630 LAW AND ECONOMICS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. de Schweinitz (16) The first half of the seminar will explore the relationship between law and economics by analyzing the following problems: (1) externalities and economic welfare; (2) transactions costs and market organization; (3) monopoly and the concentration of economic power. The second half of the seminar will be devoted to reports of students on their research. These may be on those fields of law whose economic content has long been recognized-anti-trust, regulated industries, labor, corporations-or those fields of law in which a traditionally implicit economic content is now being made explicit-torts, property, contracts, criminal law. Prerequisite: Economics for Lawyers or equivalent. Materials to be announced. 12-510 JURISPRUDENCE Course (2 hours) Mr. D'Amato (15) First Semester The philosophy of legislation and judicial decision-making from the perspective of the practicing attorney who desires to sharpen the structure and persuasiveness of his or her argumentation. Every case can be viewed as a conflict in statutory or precedent interpretation between narrow literalness and broad purposefulness. The course will focus upon this positivist vs. naturalist duality primarily as exemplified in recent legal theory, the aim being to recognize in which mode one's adversary position lies and to use the appropriate legal theory heuristically to improve argumentative efficacy. H .L.A. Hart, Th e Concept of Law; L. L. Fuller, The Morality of Law (paper) ; mimeo. excerpts from Rawls, A Theory of Justice and essays of Ronald Dworkin. 12-520 LAW AND ETHICS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. D'Amato (15) The relation of morality to law: the nature of moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality, responsibility for behavior and strict liability, and the obligation to resist immoral laws. Although legal advice is a necessary part of this study, this is not a seminar in professional ethics as such. Frankena, Ethics; Wasserstrom, Morality and the Law; Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals; Wasserstrom, War and Morality; Rachels, Moral Problems (all paperback). 11-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES 12-530 THE SUPREME COURT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL STYLES AND RHETORIC Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Du Bose ( 17) Second Semester This seminar will examine two related problems: how judicial opinions and how the opinions of one court, the Uni ted States Supreme Court, have varied over time. The first problem will be dealt with by comparing the art of the judge with the art of the novelist, the poet, the essayist, and the politician; from this comparison the class members should be able to derive some of the conventions which generally govern the style and rhetoric of judicial opinions. The second problem will involve applying a general approach to the Supreme Court in the years 1850 through the present. It will be observed how the style and rhetoric of the Court have varied with the changing role of the Court, the changing needs of the country, and the varying personalities of the Justices. 12-310 LEGAL HISTORY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1976-77.) 12-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY, AND LEGAL HISTORY 41 �HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Second- and third-year students are invited to join the staff of the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology on the basis of outstanding scholastic achievement and demonstrated writing ability. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-50, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES Income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $600. The prizes are awarded for ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public, and go to students for the best written contributions to the Law Review and the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and to the finalists in the annual Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. BARNET AND SCOIT HODES PRIZE Income from a fund of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used to provide two prizes for papers prepared by 42 students dealing with the Law of Local Government. The first prize is approximately $400 and the second prize about $200. Each winner also receives a certificate and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal are awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses. INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25 certificate to be used for any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. �SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, students can broaden their vision and develop the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of significant research and scholarship. One of the principal programs supported by the Foundation is the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront of distinguished lecture programs in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures. Their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law at Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal History by Macmillan; In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice; In 1929, John C.H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press; In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris; In 1934, Charles Warren, author of The Supreme Court in United States History and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press; In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University; In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc.; In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who had been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the fields of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On 43 �Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of Law and Director of East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, presented the 1976 Rosenthal Lectures. Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community, and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952-53, the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, 44 Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century ·united States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: �Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 19 59, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on 'The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V . Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In the fall of 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center and formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a series of lectures on "General Disarmament and World Law." In 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J .D., 1930), former Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on Its Past, Present and Future," published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former member of the Law School Faculty and later United States Secretary of Labor, presented a series of lectures on "Labor and the Law." In 1973, a series of lectures was presented on the general subject, "Perspectives on Justice ." Participants were Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Columbia University; The Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures have been published as a single volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1974, three lectures on the general subject, "Equitable Sharing of World Resources," were given by Oscar Schachter, Director of Studies, United Nations Institute for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division, United Nations. The lectures have been published by the Columbia University Press. In 1975, Ronald M. Dworkin, Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University, delivered a series of lectures on the subject, "What Is Law?" The lectures will be published. 45 �In 1976, Jerome Alan Cohen, Professor of Law and Director of East Asian Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, lectured on the topic: "Is There Law in China?" The lectures will be published. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in the Law School in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and European authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics, and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use, and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants many distinguished scholars, jurists, and public officials, including William L. Cary, John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Dennis Thompson, and W. Willard Wirtz. The foundation also provides funds for research grants to faculty members. OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A trust established by the late Cranston Spray, Class of 1923, and his widow, Catharine Spray, provides income used for stipends for students to conduct research in support of effective law enforcement. Edwin W a/sh Fund. A bequest in the amount of over $250,000 from the estate of Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds which may be used for the support of research, special lectures, clinical training, and other important Law School programs and needs. Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert Kocourek, professor on the Law School 46 faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus professor from 1940 until his death in 1952, provides a fund of over $200,000, which under the terms of the will is to be used to promote research and teaching in the field of legislation and to purchase books for the library's jurisprudence collection. Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest of over $100,000 under the will of Warren B. Buckley, Class of 1913, provides funds which may be used to support different programs of the Law School. LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC The Law School provides outstanding opportunity for clinical education and legal aid and defender work in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the assistance of grants from the Council of Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure, with subsequent grants also from the Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of the Legal Clinic Program which the Law School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides civil and criminal legal services to persons who are patients of the Northwestern University medical and dental clinics. It also serves other individuals and organizations in Chicago. The Legal Assistance Clinic has five staff attorneys. �During the school year from 60 to 70 students work at the clinic either as volunteers or for course credit. Law students under the supervision of Legal Assistance Clinic attorneys assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial. First-year students chosen to work in the clinic may complete their freshman legal writing requirement by writing memoranda for clinic cases. Third-year law students may enroll in the clinical program for credit and may be certified to practice in the Illinois state courts under the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois. departments, government officials, law professors, and other scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review and other law journals. SHORT COURSES For many years, under the direction of Professor Fred Inbau, the School of Law annually has presented two outstanding courses in the area of criminal law. In the summer of 197 6, the 31st Short C-ourse for Prosecuting Attorneys and the 19th Short Course for Defense Lawyers were held. The program for prosecutors attracts approximately 550 each year, and the course for defense attorneys enrolls over 300. Most of the states and many foreign countries are represented at the sessions. Each program runs a full week, offering instruction in the trial and preparation of criminal cases. The courses provide a forum for exchange of information, discussion of significant developments in criminal law and procedure, and consideration of new methods of scientific investigation and proof. The faculty for both short courses includes prosecutors, defense attorneys, medical experts, and other specialists from many areas of the country. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Illinois Institute for Continuing Legal Education. The two-day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The Institute regularly draws 400 to 500 lawyers from throughout the United States. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners and lawyers within corporate law 47 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. STUDENT ACTIVITIES A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says law students receive their education from their classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with colleagues. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student becomes a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 550 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. The student's classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from 40 states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and fifty-eight colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see listing at the back of the bulletin). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to strive for excellence, complements the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professional journals written, edited, and published by men and women who have not yet achieved full professional status is unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate to have two regularly published scholarly journals available for student research, writing, and editing: the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and the Northwestern University Law Review. Selection for membership on a publication is at once a high honor, a great responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity. Although there are many advantages, the true value of membership on a legal publication lies in the sharpening of legal research, writing, and editing skills which are so essential to the effective practice of law. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology A quarterly publication with worldwide circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology is universally recognized as the foremost publication of its kind. It is the only 49 �student-edited law review published in the United States which focuses on criminal law and criminology and is one of the few such professional publications in the world. Founded by the late Dean John Henry Wigmore in 1909, the Journal has the second largest paid circulation among law reviews. While the Journal centers on the field of criminal law, its research reaches into other areas, from constitutional implications of various aspects of the criminal codes to the impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on the administration of criminal justice. Members of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and writing in all fields of the law while applying the principles of law to the narrower focus of their publication. After completion of their first year, a number of students are invited by the editorial board of the Journal to join the staff on the basis of outstanding scholastic performance. The board invites an additional group of students to join the staff on the basis of demonstrated writing ability, either through participation in the writing competition held during the second year, or by submitting an article of publishable quality. Those staff members who satisfactorily complete their duties are eligible for election to the editorial board. The editorial board holds complete responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and editing of competent material submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars and for the preparation of publishable student material in the criminal law field. Each staff member is given the opportunity to write and publish both a comment on an important area of criminal law and a case note on a recent Supreme Court decision. The case note is published in the December issue, Supreme Court Review, thus giving the student the unusual opportunity to be published early in his or her law school career. A recent innovation has been the dedication of the June issue to a symposium on a relevant theme, involving articles written both by professionals and students. The June 1975 issue, for example, was "A Symposium on the Measurement of Delinquency." Northwestern University Law Review One of the most rewarding student activities at the Law School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of 50 the nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, outstanding students are invited to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and the results of a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is hard work: it requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. Participation on the Law Review is both a demanding and a constructive experience. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for second-year students. The program memorializes the late U.S. District Judge Julius H. Miner, Graduate Law '45, and is supported by an endowment established by Mrs. Julius H. Miner and family and friends . The program is administered, under faculty supervision, by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular �first-year course. The final argument is .conducted before the entire student body, customarily with a panel of distinguished judges from the federal and state court bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include former Justice Arthur J. Goldberg '30, and Justices Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, Byron R. White, and William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Law School teams in the National Moot Court Competition are chosen on the basis of performance in the Miner Competition. ARLYN MINER FIRST-YEAR MOOT COURT PROGRAM The briefing and oral argument program of the first-year Moot Court course is known as the "Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program," in memory of a daughter of Mrs. Julius H. Miner and the late Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner was especially interested in encouraging oral argument in appellate cases. An endowment, provided by Mrs. Miner, her son Judson and daughter-in-law Linda Miner, and her daughter Leslie Miner, supports the costs of administering the program. It is hoped that this special recognition of first-year Moot Court work will stimulate students to continue in the Advanced Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition in the second year. STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All students are members of the Junior Bar Association and through it contribute to the educational and recreational programs of the Law School. JBA committees are responsible for many activities, including the orientation program for new students, off-campus housing, and the allocation of student parking spaces. Outstanding lawyers, judges and political figures are frequent visitors to the School as part of the JBA Speakers Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following their speeches. The JBA placement committee plans programs which introduce students to the various opportunities available in the legal profession. The JBA sponsors social and recreational programs throughout the academic year. Social activities are planned to reflect the interests of United States Supreme Court Justice Byron R. White considering the Julius H. Miner Moot Court arguments at the Law School. 51 �the student body. One of the most successful programs has been the Friday afternoon social hours, where students meet informally with faculty and other members of the bar. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, for its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is expected that the habits fostered by this honor system will stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS The Women's Caucus, an association of women in the Law School, provides a forum for discussion of the concerns of women seeking a legal education and women employed within the legal profession. Members also participate in national conferences, regional meetings, and local organizations concerned with women's issues. The Caucus has been active in encouraging appointment of women to the faculty, the placement of women graduates, and programs to encourage women's applications to the School. The Extended Study Program, which permits a small number of students to carry a lighter load, was recommended by the Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty. Periodic meetings of the Caucus focus on issues of special interest to women, and guest lecturers discuss topics of general interest to the Law School community. 52 Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist at the School for Moot Court. BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION The Black Law Students Association serves as a forum for the discussion of matters concerning black students within the Law School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal issues relevant to blacks and, whenever possible, provides assistance and answers to such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly express its position on events which significantly affect the black community. BLSA objectives include increasing the number of black attorneys in the United States by encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal education, gaining greater minority representation on the faculty and throughout the University, and helping the local black community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at other Chicago law schools to achieve common objectives. RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend and are valued for the opportunities they afford for close contact with faculty members and for participation in the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the faculty. �"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $ 100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated Jun, 30, 1859. ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL Each year the Law School receives many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the United States and from abroad. In recent years there have been 12 or more applicants for each place in the entering class. The admission policies of the School of Law are based on consideration of the whole person and each application is considered by the Admissions Committee. It seeks to individualize the admissions process and weighs a wide variety of factors from which individual decisions can be made. Among these factors are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity and qualities of character requisite to the profession. Since its early years the Law School has followed this policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of moderate size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students are admitted for classes beginning in September only, and must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university at the time of initial registration in the School of Law. Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N .J. 08540. The LSDAS form must be requested from the Educational Testing Service and returned directly to ETS, not to the Law School. The student's LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each college and university attended, regardless of the number of hours of credit received. (Exceptions to this requirement are noted in the LSDAS registration manual.) Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply a final transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's degree directly to the Law School. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which may be obtained directly from the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J. 08540. The test may be taken either before or after the Law School application form and LSDAS registration form are filed. An appli- 53 �cant for admission should ordinarily plan to take the test as early as July and no later than December preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant. LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service is paid by the applicant directly to the Educational Testing Service. The full details of the Law School Data Assembly Service accompany the registration form. An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School, on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from at least two individuals, preferably college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must also be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of $25. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL The School is happy to have visits by prospective students. An applicant does not appear for a personal interview as part of the admissions decision process, however, unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are made by a faculty committee, an evaluative interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those who may consider the case. An applicant who wishes to supply special information should submit a written statement. Conferences will be held with students interested in additional information about the Law School or about the admission process. These informational interviews should be by appointment, arranged in advance by mail or telephone. WHEN TO APPLY When possible, applications should be submitted and supporting documents forwarded before January 1, 1977. Applicants who follow this procedure can expect to be informed of the action of the Committee on Admissions by March 1. All applications and supporting documents should be submitted by March 1, 1977. Any application completed after that date or any application which is lacking 54 supporting documents on that date may, in the discretion of the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for that reason. Applicants for financial assistance must complete their applications by February 1. ( See section on Financial Assistance. ) Applications are considered and acted upon after all supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record, the Law School Admission Test score, the required recommendations, and other submitted information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he or she has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $100 no earlier than April 1 of the year of entrance. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward tuition and fees. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he or she is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor from Northwestern depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study and upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the standard application form following the instructions contained therein with the $25 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of which is a law school instructor. In addition the applicant must have furnished an official copy of the Law School Admission Test score, a statement of law school class standing ( or other basis for interpreting law school record), and a statement of eligibility to continue in his or her present law school. �Since the record of all law school work completed must be submitted before a transfer decision can be made, such decisions are not usually made until late summer. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing that heads of households with small children have special family obligations which cannot always be met by the granting of financial aid, the Law School has instituted an Extended Study Program which allows participants to take four years to complete the normal three-year course of legal study. A maximum of five Extended Study Program students are admitted to each first-year class. The program is open to applicants of exceptional ability who have special family obligations (such as the care of preschool children or unusually heavy financial commitments) which cannot be met by customary financial aid. Participating students are required to register for at least ten hours of course work each semester. In order to complete the program within four calendar years, students may either take more than ten hours in some semesters or attend summer school, or both. Although the program is designed primarily for women with children, applications are accepted from men who find themselves in a situation analagous to that of a woman who would be eligible for the program. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is required for enrollment in the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his or her broader professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the skills of a lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance the power to express oneself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking are recommended, as well as other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He or she would be well-advised, in addition, to pursue study in some definite field far enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student who follows his or her own interests and tastes is more likely to extend himself or herself and thereby to increase capacities for law study. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for law school studies, but to prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He or she will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity for understanding, for independent thought, and for effective self-expression. 55 ��TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $7,200 approximates the minimum total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total, about $4,500 is required for tuition, fees, books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in legal education , although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of later professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his or her tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1976-77 Full tuition for candidates for the J. D. degree, $2,130 each semester Part-time tuition, each $210 credit-hour Auditor's fee, each weekly $210 class hour Resident in Research fee, $90 each semester Full tuition for candidates for the LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees, each semester $1,965 Subsequent years Increases in tuition may be anticipated for subsequent years. Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J .D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $210 per credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident in Research fee. All information on tuition, fees, and other costs is subject to change without notice. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged: Application fee ....... . .. ... .. ..... $25 Not transferable; not refundable. Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Late Health Service requirement fee . . . 2 For students who do not complete the initial Health Service requirements as specified in the Student Health Bulletin. Duplicate transcript of record, each . . . . 1 Multilith Fee In many courses it is necessary to supply multilithed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of duplicating such supplementary materials. In instances where the teaching materials used in a course consist entirely or mainly of multilithed materials prepared by the instructor, an additional charge may be made. 57 �Justice John Paul Stevens, '47 (left), at Law School reception following his appointment to the United States Supreme Court. Advance Deposit An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is applied as part payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable. PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are billed and paid by semester, rather than for the full academic year. Payments are due at the beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements and makes all adjustments. Although the University collects charges as stated above, parents can make arrangements to pay on a monthly basis through the Insured Tuition Payment Plan, which must be done far in advance of enrollment. This organization offers both prepayment and extended payment programs and protects the student's educational plans with life and disability insurance on the parent. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth 58 of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. REBATES Information about rebates for full-time faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent sons and daughters, and employees of Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be obtained at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before the student's first registration each school year. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the Cashier's Office by students who present their University ID cards. �FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE The Law School is committed to providing all possible assistance to law students so that they may reach their educational goals. However, scholarship and loan funds available for this purpose are quite limited, and not all students who demonstrate financial need can be given financial assistance. Each application for financial assistance is considered individually and each award is determined after an appraisal of the student's monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship grants and repayable grants. The committee expects that each applicant will obtain as much financial assistance from other sources as is possible. Some scholarships, described below, are available for students with exceptional ability and attainments. APPLICATION PROCEDURE The Law School is a participant in the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service (GAPSFAS). All applicants for financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form entitled "Application for Financial Aid for the Academic Year 1977-78." The GAPSFAS application may be obtained from the financial aid officer at the institution the applicant is currently attending or from the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. The application should be filed no later than January I in order to assure its receipt at the school by February 1. The application contains sections to be completed by the applicant, by the spouse or prospective spouse, and the applicant's parents. An applicant must complete all three sections to be considered for aid at the Law School. An application for financial aid will be considered after an applicant has been accepted for admission. The admission decision will not be affected by a request for financial assistance. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to funds provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of alumni and others for scholarship purposes in the Law School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law students at Northwestern: George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $640,000 was bequeathed to the School by Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income from this fund and such part of the principal as may be deemed appropriate is awarded to students selected by the Dean. Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C. Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided a fund of about $100,000, the income from which is used for scholarships, fellowships, loans, or other financial assistance in the Law School. Recipients are selected by the Dean in consultation with an Advisory Committee, taking into consideration scholarship, interest in and attitude toward the Law School and University, conduct in and out of class, and need. John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several students of exceptional promise and ability may be designated each year as Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full tuition, and in special cases of need they may include an additional grant toward expenses. Clarion De Witt Hardy Scholarships. A student of exceptional ability in each class who has a goal of devoting his or her life to public service is awarded a Hardy Scholarship. The scholarships are in memory of Clarion DeWitt Hardy, a distinguished member of the faculty of the School of Speech, and were originally established by the late Owen L. Coon of the Law School Class of 1919. After his death in 1948, they were carried on until 1973 by the Owen L. Coon Foundation. In recognition of the generous support given the School by Mr. Coon and by members of his family and of the Foundation board, the Law School decided in 1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships as described above. In the selection of Scholars, weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full tuition, and in special 59 �cases of need may include an additional grant toward expenses. Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship Fund. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation has made gifts totaling $145,000 to endow a fund, the income from which is to be used in the discretion of the Dean to provide scholarship assistance to one or more deserving students. Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A fund of $64,000 was established in 1972, under the sponsorship of the John Henry Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished service as Dean of the Law School from 1957 to 1972. Income from the fund is to be awarded annually to provide scholarship assistance to a deserving student selected by the Dean of the Law School. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $67,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts of $31,000 by the Susan and Jerome Ettelson Foundation have provided an endowment, the income from which is to be used, under the discretion of the Dean, to provide scholarships to students showing promise of academic excellence. Mr. Ettelson is a member of the Class of 1941. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund at the School of Law. The scholarship is a memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne of the Class of 1866, whose father was the founder of the Law School. George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to endow a scholarship fund in memory of the testator's late son, who was a member of the Law School class which entered in 1939. George A. Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts by Mrs. George A. Basta totaling over $16,000 have established a fund honoring her late husband, George A. Basta of the Class of 1909. The income provides scholarship assistance for deserving students selected by the Dean. David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts by many friends and associates of David Axelrod, Class of 1933, who died in 1976, have been used to begin a scholarship fund in his memory, and his family and others plan to 60 enlarge the fund. Deserving students are to be selected for assistance by the Dean on the basis of need. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust with a principal amount of $240,000 under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied annually to aid one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. �Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate student of the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 contributed by the alumni of the School is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Illinois Governor Dan Walker, '50, greets fellow alumni at annual dinner of the Alumni Association. 61 �Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need. Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone. Commencing in September 1971, for a period of not less than five nor more than ten years, the fund is to be used to provide annual scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students until the principal and accumulation of the fund are exhausted. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a student in the Law School. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. 62 Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books by financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books to be used each year by a freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is selected by the Dean. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship. In October 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the armed forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the armed forces. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in the Law School who is in need of financial assistance. �Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, a member of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii, selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law student. Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty members, and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship support for deserving minority group students. Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald Deller established a trust of $10,000 to provide a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a great admirer of John Henry Wigmore. Income from the trust fund is to be used annually to provide a scholarship for a needy and worthy student who is studying, among other subjects, those subjects relating to social welfare law. Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In 1974, the Chicago Bar Foundation established a scholarship fund for students at Northwestern and other Chicago law schools. The scholarships are to be awarded to students with financial need as selected by the Dean. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. Northwestern University's Income Protection Student Loan Program is an effort on the part of the University to assist the individual student in defraying part of the student's present educational costs. Through this program a student may qualify for loans under the Federally Insured Student Loan Program. Further information may be obtained through the Office of Admissions. The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers educational loans to eligible students through banks or other commercial lenders. Information about this program is available at the applicant's local bank. The Illinois Bar Foundation has established a student loan fund. Specific information about the loans may be obtained from the Office of Admissions. 63 ��GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than l 0 semester-hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for the research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 65 �2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on preceding pages. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be estimated at a minimum of $3 ,500. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis to foreign applicants interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. Each fellowship presently provides for the payment of tuition plus $3,500 for books and living expenses. The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond Fellowship in a similar amount is awarded on a competitive basis to a United States applicant. The fellowships provide for payment of tuition and fees. The balance of $3,500 is paid to the student in 10 installments, the first on September 1. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. The fellowships are granted for one year only. Fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. A student must make individual travel arrangements. A successful fellowship applicant should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 1. 66 �"Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law." -"The Counsellor's Chorus/' John Henry Wigman~, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The associations formed in the years of study at the Law School are lifelong. The School, through its Placement Service, offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in self-realization and contribution. The School's alumni assist in keeping alive memories and friendships of student days and provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of the Associate Dean of Placement. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional opportunities and openings, compiles complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. While there are many who practice law, the demand for well-trained, able young lawyers has not diminished. The rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from numerous Jaw firms, corporations, and government agencies. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in every state in the nation and in many foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of those in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes past and present governors and United States senators, cabinet members, department heads, United Nations representatives, diplomats, mayors, attorneys general, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major Jaw schools in the United States, and many have served as 67 �deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. Graduating students must make their own choice from the array of professional opportunities open to them. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to assist students in exploring the possibilities and help in arranging the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send members of the firm to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also seeks to provide placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent H.E.W. regulations require law schools which participate in Federal loan programs to make a good faith effort to present prospective students with a complete and accurate statement about the School, including statistics on placement. The Law School, in presenting these statistics, does not do so with the intent of influencing an applicant's choice of schools, nor can the School make any guarantees to future graduates as to type of employment or starting salaries. In reviewing the information, individuals should keep in mind that employment opportunities for graduating seniors vary from year to year, depending to a large extent on the job market and the economy. Further, not all students use the services of the Placement Office or file a report with the office regarding their employment. A typical graduating class is composed of about 175 students. 1975•76* Interviewers on campus Number of interviews held Number of seniors reporting Law Firms Private practice Public interest and legal services Corporations Legal and non-legal 3,146 139 80 5 14 Banking/ consulting/ accounting 8 Government Federal State and local 4 7 Judicial Clerkships Federal State and local 8 2 Academic Teaching Further study 2 2 Military 2 Employed, job category not known 5 Mean starting salary •May 15, 1976 68 192 $15,997 �THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. OFFICERS 1976-77 OFFICERS 1975-76 Raymond I. Suekoff '33 Francis J. McConnell '53 A. Arthur Davis '52 William W. McKittrick '39 Richard S. Trenkmann '67 Esther 0. Kegan '36 Patrick W. O'Brien '50 President 1st Vice-President 2nd Vice-President 3rd Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Immediate Past President Francis J. McConnell '53 A. Arthur Davis '52 William W. McKittrick '39 Jerome L. Ettelson '41 Richard S. Trenkmann '67 Esther 0 . Kegan '36 Raymond I. Suekoff '33 Regional Vice-Presidents John K. Barry '51, Pittsburgh H. Harold Calkins '40, Denver Walter S. Davis, Jr. '50, Milwaukee Richard J. Flynn '53, District of Columbia James F. Henderson '48, Phoenix Harry R. Horrow '34, San Francisco Helmer R. Johnson '37, New York City 0. Gene Maddox '60, Des Moines Laurence E. Oliphant, Jr. '34, Cleveland Norman M. Sevin '56, Miami Jon E. Steffensen '71, Boston Edwin 0. Wack '39, Minneapolis Paul Ziffren '38, Los Angeles BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1977 William W. Brady '40 John J. Crown '55 Milton L. Fisher '49 James T. Otis '51 Ray J. Schoonhoven '48 L. Shirley Tark '16 Terms Expiring in 1979 Marvin E. Aspen '58 Edward J. Bradley, Jr. '64 Richard S. Kelly '51 A. Charles Lawrence '31 Robert B. Oxtoby '48 Carol Thigpen '73 Terms Expiring in 1978 Isidore Brown '15 James C. Hardman '61 George Kelm '54 Timothy C. Klenk '67 Milton A. Kolar '39 Russell H. Matthias '32 Terms Expiring in 1980 Franklin A. Chanen '57 Arlene C. Erlebacher '73 Paul Gerden '40 Crane C. Hauser '50 Barnet Hodes '21 Mark E. MacDonald '67 Terms Expiring in 1981 D. Jeffrey Baddeley '62 Patricia A. Brandin '74 John K. Notz, Jr. '56 Robert W. Patterson '60 Elroy C. Sandquist '50 Harold D. Shapiro '52 69 �ROSTER OF COLLEGES · AND UNIVERSITIES A total of 158 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled in the School of Law in 1975-76. University of Alaska . . . . . . 1 Albion College . . . . . . . . . . 2 American University . . . . . 2 Amherst College . . . . . . . . 2 University of Arkansas . . . 1 Augustana College . . . . . . 2 Barnard College . . . . . . . . 2 Bethel College . . . . . . . . . . 2 Blackburn College . . . . . . . 1 Boston College . . . . . . . . . . 1 Boston University . . . . . . . . 4 Bowling Green State . . . . . 1 Brandeis University . . . . . . 3 Brooklyn College-CUNY . . 1 Brown University . . . . . . . . 5 Bucknell University . . . . . . 1 University of California . . . 10 Carleton College . . . . . . . . 1 Carnegie-Mellon . . . . . . . . . 1 Carthage College . . . . . . . . 1 Case Western Reserve . . . . 2 Catholic University . . . . . . 1 Charminade College . . . . . . 1 University of Chicago . . . . 8 City College of N .Y. . . . . 2 Claremont Men's College . . 5 Clark College . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Colgate University . . . . . . . 2 University of Colorado . . 3 Columbia University . . . . . 4 Cornell University . . . . . . . 4 Creighton University . . . . . 1 University of Dallas . . . . . . 1 Dartmouth College . . . . . . 4 University of Dayton . . . . . 2 University of Delaware . . . 1 Denison University . . . . . . 7 University of Denver . . . . . 1 DePaul University . . . . . . . 7 Douglass College . . . . . . . . 1 Drake University . . . . . . . . 6 University of Dubuque . . . 1 Duke University . . . . . . . . . 6 University of Edinburgh . . 1 Elmhurst College . . . . . . . . 2 Emory University . . . . . . . . 2 University of Evansville . . 1 Evergreen State College . . . 1 Fisk Univenity . . . . . . . . . . 1 Florida State . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Fordham University . . . . . . 2 Georgetown University . . . . 3 George Washington College 1 70 Grinnell College . . . . . . . . Harvard University . . . . . . Haverford College . . . . . . . University of Hawaii . . . . Holy Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Houston . . . . Howard University . . . . . . . Hunter College . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Benedictine College University of Illinois . . . . Illinois State . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Wesleyan . . . . . . . . Indiana University . . . . . . . Iowa State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . John Carroll University . . Johnston College . . . . . . . . University of Kansas . . . . . Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . Lafayette College . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . Lakeland College . . . . . . . . Lawrence University . . . . . . Lewis University . . . . . . . . University of London . . . . Loyola University . . . . . . . Luther College . . . . . . . . . . Macalester College . . . . . . Marquette University . . . . . University of Massachusetts Miami University . . . . . . . . Michigan State . . . . . . . . . . University of Michigan . . . Middlebury College . . . . . . University of Minnesota . . University of Missouri . . . . Monmouth College . . . . . . Mundelein College . . . . . . . University of Nebraska . . . University of New Mexico New York University . . . . North Central College . . . . Northern Illinois University Northwestern University .. University of Notre Dame Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . Occidental College . . . . . . . Ohio State University . . . . Ohio Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . University of Oklahoma . . University of Pennsylvania University of Pittsburgh . . Pomona College . . . . . . . . . 3 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 64 3 1 11 2 1 1 1 4 3 1 6 1 1 1 1 24 1 3 4 1 2 6 23 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 4 1 3 84 18 3 1 9 2 2 6 1 2 Princeton University . . . . . . Providence College . . . . . . University of Puerto Rico . Purdue University . . . . . . . Radcliffe College . . . . . . . . Reed College . . . . . . . . . . . . Regis College . . . . . . . . . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . University of Rochester . . Rollins College . . . . . . .. . . . Roosevelt University . . . . . Rutgers State University . . St. Edward's College . . . . . St. Mary's College . . . . . . St. Mary of the Woods . . . St. Norbert College . . . . . . St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . . University of Santa Clara . Sarah Lawrence College . . Shimer College . . . . . . . . . . Simmons College . . . . . . . . Smith College . . . . . . . . . . . So. Dakota School of Mines Southern California . . . . . . Southern Colorado State . . Southern Illinois . . . . . . . . . Southern Methodist Stanford University Swarthmore College Syracuse University Texas University . . . . . . . . Tougaloo University . . . . . . Trinity College . . . . . . . . . . Tufts University . . . . . . . . . Union College . . . . . . . . . . Vanderbilt University . . . . . Vassar College . . . . . . . . . . University of Vermont . . . . University of Virginia . . . . Wabash College . . . . . . . . . Washington University . . . . Wayne State . . . . . . . . . . . . Wellesley College . . . . . . . . Wesleyan University . . . . . . Western Illinois . . . . . . . . . Western Kentucky . . . . . . . Western Michigan . . . . . . . West Virginia State . . . . . . Williams College . . . . . . . . University of Wisconsm . . University of Wyoming . . Yale University . . . . . . . . . . 7 1 1 6 2 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 9 2 1 1 I 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 7 1 2 1 2 1 4 1 1 8 1 5 �INDEX Abbott Hall, 14, 72 Academic regulations, 23 Admission, 53 graduate study, 65 Alumni, 67 Application fee, 57 Application procedures, 53, 59 Buildings, 10 Black Law Students Association, 52 Calendar, 7 Classes, 17 Classrooms, 10 Colleges and universities represented, 70 Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 22 Corporate Counsel Institute, 47 Course descriptions, 28 Course of instruction, 17 Course load, 24 Course numbering codes, 24 Curriculum, 25; three-year, 21 Data assembly service, 53 Defense Attorneys Short Course, 47 Degrees, first, 24; graduate, 65 Endowed programs, 43 Enrollment, limited, 24 Examinations, 23 Expenses, 57, 66 Extended study program, 55 Facilities, 14 Faculty, 4, 18 Fees, 57, 66 Financial assistance, 59 Graduate fellowships, 66 Graduate study and degrees, 65 Graduation requirements, 23 Grants, 59 Health service, 15 Honor Code, 52 Honors and prizes, 42 Housing, 14, 72 J.D.-M.M. program, 22 J.D.-Ph.D. program 22 Joint degree program in Law/Social Sciences, 22 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 42, 49 Junior Bar Association, 51 Law Alumni Association, 69 Law Review, 42, 50 Law School Admission Test, 53 Law and Social Sciences, 22 Legal Assistance Clinic, 46 Legal Publications, 49 Legal writing skills, 20 Library, 10 Library Funds, 12 Linthicum Foundation Program, 46 Loans, 63 Location of campuses, 9 Medical service, 15 Methods of instruction, 18 Case method, 18 Problem method, 19 Clinical training and practice, 20 Seminars, 20 Legal writing skills, 20 Senior Research Program, 21 Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program, 51 Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 50 M.M.-J.D. combined program, 22 Moot Court, 50 Northwestern University Law Review, 42, 50 Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 4 Order of the Coif, 42 Ph.D.-J.D. combined program, 22 Placement, 67 Pre-legal study, 55 Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course, 47 Publications, 49 Rebates, 58 Refunds, 58 Research assistantships, 52 Rosenthal Lectures, 43 Scholarships, 59 Seminars, 20 Senior Research Program, 21 Short Coures, 47 Sociolegal studies, 22 Student activities, 49 Student deposit account, 58 Student government, 51 Student health, 15 Student residence, 14,72 Supplemental programs, 43 Corporate Counsel Institute, 47 Legal Assistance Clinic, 46 Linthicum Foundation Program, 46 Rosenthal Lectures, 43 Other endowed programs, 46 Three-year curriculum, 21 Transfer students, 54 Tuition, 57, 66 Visits to the School, 54 Voluntary legal services, 46 Women's Caucus, 52 Withdrawal, 58 71 �WHERE TO WRITE Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below to the specific Law School offices indicated: Director of Graduate Studies Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate fellowships Law Alumni Association Alumni affairs other than placement service Office of Admissions Admission to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree: Applications, including applications to transfer Requests for forms or information Recommendations Financial assistance information for candidates for the J.D. degree Combined J.D.-M.M. Program Placement Service Placement of students and graduates Program in Law and the Social Sciences Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J .D. and a Ph.D. should write to Director, Program in Law and the Social Sciences Registrar Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in a law school Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School For information on campus housing, write: Manager, Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 72 �Northwestern University Chicago Campus EAST CHESTNUT STREET NORTH [5-c ~~Gl rijD@ ~J ------'===='l.!~ EAST SUPERIOR STREET . . EAST ONTARIO STREET 1 Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Medical and Dental Schools) 2 Morton Medical Research Building 3 Searle Building (Med ical School) 4 Wieboldt Hall (Even ing Divi sions and Evening Managers' Program) 5 Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 6 McCormick Hall (Law School) 7 Thorne Hall (auditorium and Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic) 8 Abbott Hall (residence) 9 Wesley Pavilion, Northwestern Memoria l Hospital 10 Passavant Pav il ion, Northwestern Memorial Hospital 11 Institute of Psychiatry of Northwestern Memorial Hospital Editor: Edward Hoyt Palmer, Associate Dean Copy Editing and Layout: Lucy E. Murphy Designer: Marylou Sanders 12 Prentice Women's Hospital and Maternity Center of Northwestern Memorial Hospital 13 Rehabilitation Center 14 Veterans Administration Lakeside Hospital 15 Medical Associates Offices 16 Carriage House (residence) 17 Worcester House (residence) 18 Health Sciences Building (under construction) �Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Philippians 4:8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">The School of Law, 1976-77</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin for the 1976-1977 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1976-1977 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1976] Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. School Law NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY THE SCHOOL OF LAW ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Chicago Campus Lake Michigan CONTENTS Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Curriculum Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Law Alumni Association Roster Colleges Universities Index Write Map Chicago Campus OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack Lee Ellis Jim Carleton Student Affairs John Fields William Kerr David Mintzer Arthur T Schmehling William Bradford Stephen Miller William H Thigpen Roscoe Miller Payson Wild Laurence Nobles LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding Edward H Palmer Thomas Edmonds Thomas Eovaldi Stephen Yandle Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John H Beckstrom Robert Bennett William Chamberlin Robert Childres Anthony Amato Professor Law Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr. Owen Coon John Elson Thomas Eovaldi Freed Diane Crawford Geraghty Thomas Geraghty Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen Goldberg Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Fred Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Leon Liddell Steven Lubet Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch Daniel Polsby James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum Leonard Rubinowitz David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Stephen Snyder Francis Spalding Associate Dean Samuel Thompson Jr. Jon Waltz Frank Wiggins LECTURERS Francis Andrew Clinical Trial Advocacy Hon. Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence William Brady Accounting James Bronner Criminal Evidence George Burditt Drug Law Austin Fleming Planning Steven Goldman. A.B. Real Estate Development Robert Hanley Practice David Hilliard Trademarks Robert Howard Clinic Helen Hart Jones Women Law Henry Kenoe Clinic John Lungmus Intellectual Property Malcolm Merry First Year Legal Writing Moot Court Beverly Pattishall Trademarks Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon. Joseph Schneider Lecturer Law Psychiatry Harold Shapiro Harriman Lecturer Corporations Partnerships James Sprowl Computers Law Elaine Teigler Bibliography Merrill Thompson Food Drug Law Timothy Tilton Intellectual Property ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Steven Barclay Stephanie Bradley Alan Cherry Mark Chester Ronald Craig JoAnn Farrington Diane Geimer Ed Karlin Ken Kraft Jed Mandel Joanne Moffic Henry Patin Katherine Puckett Jay Shulman Connie Ward Scott Young ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Cheryl Berngard Veena Bhatia Toni Campbell Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Hermann Conaway Susan Curnick Darlene DeGrazio Essie Dorris Margaret Eartly JoAnn Ewing Kiyo Fujiu Connie Harper Josephine Harris Mary Ann Hoffman Kay Huff Genevieve Johnson Charlene Kvederis Bernice LeBeau Patricia Miller Registrar Sarah Mingo Jeanne Nowell Doris Nugent Krystyna Obuchowicz Dorothy Slocum Francine Spearman Willie Watkins Steffani WeissContinuing Legal Education Richard Wieczorek Department NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty John Elson Diane Crawford Geraghty Mark Schoenfield Steven Lubet Nancy Ketzenberg Marci Jenkins LIBRARY Leon Liddell Elaine Teigler Gail Munden Marta Pryjma Timothy Pyne Margaret Snyder Milada Weber Anne Zitkovich Librarian Maria Chase John Campbell CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Marcelino Catuira Frank Daniels Lance Helms Selma Krahn George Lee Don Liszewski Thomas Moran Marta Olszanska Rosita Ramos Priscilla Waldman Eugenia Weres PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair COMBINED J.D. M.M. PROGRAM Peter Barack David Dudley Field Law School LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Jaw Northwestern School Law Since Jaw Law School Long Law School Jaw. Early Law School Northwestern School LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Not Grant Park Nearby Orchestra Hall Chicago Symphony Orchestra Chicago Public Library. Gold Coast Loop Chicago Here United States Court Appeals. Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School. Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University. Living University Evanston. Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University Pick Staiger Concert Hall University Toward Eighties. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Good There Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Lake Shore Drive. Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library School About Dean John Wigmore United States Engl School CLASSROOMS Law School Northwestern. Lincoln Hall British House Commons. School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School. Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation. Northwestern Western Hemisphere. Included School Faculty Library. Law School Library Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Latin American Holdings Roman Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. George Shaw Collection Early European Law Joseph Shaw LLB. Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room Western Hemisphere. They Provision Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove LIBRARY FUNDS University Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert Gary LL.B. Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LL.B. Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LL.B. Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LL.B. Mrs. Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund. Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro J.D. Circuit Court Cook County Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. Paul Cutler J.D. Cutler Browsing Alcove. Mr. Cutler European Common Market Two Law School Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Law Edwin Perkins Foundation Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund. Albert Kocourek Professor Kocourek Law Walter Winget Mr. Winget J.D. Northwestern Peoria Illinois. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School. Junior Bar Association. Separate Junior Bar Association Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall. Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street. Indiana Plan Abbott Hall Facilities Floors School Law. Rooms Bed Trunks Abbott Hall Before Students Abbott Hall Lake Michigan. Hot Students Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall. Rental Bills Cashier Office Abbott Hall. Applications Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Two Apartments Rental Law School Off Campus Housing Office Abbott Hall STUDENT HEALTH Entering Student Health Service Chicago East Superior Street Student Health Bulletin Supplemental . Physicians Student Health Service Acute Emergency Room Passavant Pavilion Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Students Health Service Students Director Health Service. Specialty Health Service Here ... Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class There Two Time Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. Torts Property Criminal Law Contracts Law School Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Comparative Law Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Their School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Through Although Under Socratic Questions Although From Problem Method Law School Perhaps Or Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thorne Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic During Moot Court. Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Much Law School Seminars Seminars Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before • Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology. • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. • Participation Senior Research Program. • Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Northwestern Under During Because Law School Depending University University African Senior Research Program. Faculty Senior Research Program School Most THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School During Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law. Moot Court Thereafter Law School James Thompson U.S. Attorney Law School. Moreover Civil Liberties Constitutional Law Comparative Law Jurisprudence. Perhaps School JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University J.D. Ph.D. Bar They Applicants Mrs. Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Ave. Chicago Ill. THE COMBINED J.D. M.M. PROGRAM Master Management M.M. Juris Doctor J.D. Graduate School Management School Law Under J.D. School Law Graduate School Management. Similarly M.M. School Law. Joint Every School Management School Law. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs Regular Failure Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular Although Grades Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Specific Rules Northwestern University School Law Juris Doctor Honors Satisfactory Credit Pass Honors A+ B+ C+ + Instructors Courses DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law. Before University Juris Doctor J.D. School Law Graduation Requirements. Northwestern University School Law Northwestern. Degrees Graduate Study Law. COURSE LOAD Courses LIMITED ENROLLMENT Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic School Clinic COURSE NUMBERING Law School Evidence Civil Procedure Law School University Law School University. Procedure Practice Criminal Law Torts Contracts Cont Consequences Property Family Structure Arrangements Business Structure Regulation Taxation Governmental Structure Function Admiralty International Law Foreign Law Social Issues Jurisprudence Legal Philosophy Legal History Required Elective Upperclass Upperclass Seminar Seminar Clinical Senior Research Civil Procedure II CURRICULUM FffiST YEAR COURSES FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Required Contracts Contracts II Courses Constitutional Law Criminal Law Legal Profession Moot Court * Moot Court Property Torts Torts II Elective Criminal Procedure** Course** Economics Lawyers** International Law** Law Social Change** Total • Moot Court • • William Ruckelshaus Administrator Environmental Protection Agency SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES Listed FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Accounting Admiralty Courses Administrative Law Administrative Law Offered Advanced Business Asso Antitrust Law Partnerships Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Orientation Clinical Trial Advocacy Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Commercial Paper Conflict Laws Conflict Laws Corporation Finance Corporations Criminal Procedure Debtor Creditor Relations Decedents Estates Trusts II Decedents Estates Deceptive Trade Practices Trusts Economics Lawyers Equity Restitution Environmental Law Damages Evidence Evidence Family Law Family Law Federal Corporate Federal Corporate Income Tax Income Tax Federal Estate Federal Estate Gift Taxation Gift Taxation Federal Individual Federal Individual Income Tax Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Federal Jurisdiction Intellectual Property Jurisprudence International Law Labor Law Labor Law Law Racism Public Private Control Law Social Change Land Use Real Estate Acquisition Regulated Industries Disposition Regulation Broadcasting State Local Government Scientific Evidence Secured Transactions Trademarks Trade Identity Securities Regulations Unfair Trade Trial Practice Practices Trial Practice II Trial Practice Welfare Litigation Women Law SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS Cont FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Number Name Elective Advanced Problems Seminars Securities Regulation Offered Civil Liberties Computers Law Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Criminal Evidence Criminal Law Current Problems Estate Planning Food Drug Law Juvenile Law Law Economics Law Education Law Ethics Law Private Agreement Preventive Land Law Transportation Regulation Policy Urban Housing Problems COURSES AND SEMINARS NOT OFFERED IN * Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Federal Criminal Trial Practice Fiduciary Administration Insurance Law Law Common Market Law Poverty Legal History Legislative Process Problems Law Medicine Tax Policy *Offerings SECOND SEMESTER Credit Course Course Credit Hours Number Name Hours Advanced Family Law Advanced Problems Constitutional Law Antitrust Law Policy Client Counseling Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Evidence Employment Discrimination Estate Planning International Business Transactions Introduction Civil Law Juvenile Law Labor Arbitration Law Criminology Law Development Africa Law Private Agreement II Law Psychiatry Real Estate Development SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research Registrar Office Director Research. DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Messrs. Freed Kennedy Merry Second Semesters Assistants Instruction One After Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis Arlyn Miner Memorial Fund. LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr. Snyder Among Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs. Redish Waltz Structure Cound Friedenthal & Miller Civil Procedure Cases Materials Mr. Redish Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs. DuBose Reese Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Mr. DuBose EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Haddad Ms. Hughes Mr. Waltz Materials Mr. Haddad Brown Meisenholder Problems Evidence Cleary McCormick Handbook Law Evidence Federal Rules Evidence United States Courts Magistrates Ms. Hughes Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materials Evidence Mr. Waltz FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course First Semester Messrs. Reese Second Semester Redish History Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course First Second Semesters Mr. Geraghty Introduction Students Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division. Trial Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr. Hanley Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. Materials Morrill Trial Diplomacy TRIAL PRACTICE II Course Second Semester Mr. Hanley Circuit Court Cook County. They Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Trial Practice Materials Morrill Trial Diplomacy TRIAL PRACTICE & II Course Second Semester Not Ms. Hughes COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs. Roberts & Sprowl Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course First Second Semesters Mr. Lubet Introduction Chicago. Survey Legal Assistance Clinic Cook County Techniques Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation. Materials Legal Assistance Foundation Chicago Chicago Legal Aid Bureau Federal Defender Program Paid Course First Second Semesters CLINICAL PRACTICE Messrs. Eovaldi Geraghty Elson Schoenfield Lubet Howard Ms. Geraghty Open Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic United States Attorney Office Better Government Association Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Preference Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Materials CLIENT COUNSELING Semin Second Semester Ms. Geraghty Mr. Schoenfield Training Videotape SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs. Heinz Inbau Concepts Inbau Thompson Moenssens Cases Comments Criminal Law. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course Second Semester Messrs. Haddad Inbau Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkman Cases Comments Criminal Procedure. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester Mr. Inbau Scientific Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar Second Semester Consideration Materials CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr. Inbau Materials CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar First Semester Second Semester Mr. Aspen Mr. Bronner Materials CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar Second Semester Mr. Haddad Multilithed SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW TORTS Course First Semester Messrs. Freed Rosenblum Protection Materials TORTS Il Course Second Semester Messrs. Redish Rosenblum Torts Torts Gregory Kalven Cases Materials Torts Mr. Redish Materials Mr. Rosenblum SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS CONTRACTS Course First Semester Messrs. Du Bose Wiggins Study Statute Frauds. Contractual Jaw Attention Uniform Commercial Code MacNeil Cases Materials Contracts Mr. DuBose Materials Mr. Wiggins CONTRACTS Il Course Second Semester Messrs. Childres Freed Contracts Uniform Commercial Code. Joss Speidel Summers & White Commercial Consumer Law. COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Chamberlin Mr. Wiggins Professor Harry Reese Willam Gurley Professor Law. Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials . SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Hours Second Semester Mr. Polsby Secured Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act. Materials INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester Not Mr. Chamberlin EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course First Semester Mr. Childres Childres & Johnson Equity Restitution Damages. DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester Mr. Polsby Federal Bankruptcy Act Materials THE LAW OF PRIVATE AGREEMENT II Seminar First Second Semesters Mr. Childres Students Admission Senior Research SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Course First Semester Messrs. Schuyler Spalding Introduction Historical Shelley Casner Leach Cases Text Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Ms. Hughes thP. Materials PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester Mr. Spalding These Spalding Cases Materials Uses Environment ENVIRONMENT AL LAW Course Second Semester Mr. Spalding Attention Fact Materials INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course Second Semester Messrs. Lungmus & Tilton Survey Multilithed URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr. Rubinowitz Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Second Semester Mr. Goldman David Urban Land Development. PREVENTIVE LAND LAW Seminar First Semester Mr. Hughes ! Real Estate Acquisition Disposition Secured Transactions Debtor Creditor Equity Restitution Damages. SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY FAMILY LAW Course First Semester Mr. Beckstrom Paulson Wadlington Goebel Cases Domestic Relations DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester Messrs. Beckstrom Chamberlin Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor School. DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course Second Semester Mr. Schuyler Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Messrs. Fleming Kirby Second Semester Mr. Fleming Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not ADVANCED FAMILY LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom During Comparative Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs. Kennedy Ruder Attention Vagts Materials Basic Corporation Law Mr. Kennedy Cary Cases Materials Oil Corporations Mr. Ruder ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr. Brady Principles Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Messrs. Rahl & Kennedy Second Semester Mr. Kennedy Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Oil Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Goldberg Mr. Hillman Meltzer Labor Law Cases Materials Problems Supplement Appendix. TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs. Pattishall & Hilliard Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Pattishall Hilliard Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices. DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course Second Semester Mr. Eovaldi Common Consideration Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis Federal Trade Commission Commission. Consideration Materials REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course First Semester Mr. Hillman Examination American Materials Emphasis Materials CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Messrs. Barack Ruder Securities Act Prerequisite Corporations. Cary Cases Materials Corporations Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr. Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporations. Materials SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr. Ruder Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisite Corporation Finance. Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation. BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr. Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporations Federal Corporate Income Taxation. Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs. Burditt & Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Goodrich Cases Materials Food Drug Law Consult EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar Second Semester Mr. Freed Emphasis Students Classroom Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar First Semester Mr. Ruder Detailed Prerequisites Corporations Corporation Finance. Materials ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Second Semester Mr. Rahl Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law. Materials LABOR ARBITRATION Seminar Second Semester Mr. Goldberg Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Kirby Mr. Snyder Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Mr. Snyder Second Semester Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Volume Mr. Kirby FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Snyder Mr. Kirby Subchapter Prerequisite Federal Individual Income Tax. Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Income Tax Volume Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs. Amato Gordon & Nathanson Gunther Dowling Cases Material Constitutional Law ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Nathanson Mr. Rosenblum Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Messrs. Snyder & Wiggins Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course Not { REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Second Semester Mr. Bennett Federal Communications Commission Attention CATV. Materials ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Second Semester Messrs. Gordon & Nathanson Supreme Court So Supreme Court. Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr. Nathanson Intensive Consideration Materials TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND REGULATION Seminar First Semester Mr. Hillman SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr. MacChesney Bases Jaw Leech Oliver & Sweeney International Legal System. CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr. MacChesney Second Semester Mr. Reese Enforcement Brief Cramton Currie Kay. Cases Conflict Laws ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr. MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy & Sharpe Cases Admiralty INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr. Schwerin Studies Anglo American Jaw Continental Selected Materials LAW AND DEVELOPMENT AFRICA Seminar Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom African Westernization Jaw Both Western Anglo American Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr. Barack American American Materials THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar Not ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar First Semester Mr. Nekam Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Mr. Rubinowitz Consideration Materials ECONOMICS FOR LA WYERS Course Second Semester Mr. Schweinitz Throughout Materials United States Senator Dale Bumpers Ark. Law School. . LAW AND POVERTY Course Not WELFARE LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr. Bennett Proposals Materials LAW AND RACISM Course Second Semester Mr. Rubinowitz United States Materials WOMEN AND THE LAW Course Second Semester Ms. Jones Materials CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester Mr. Eovaldi Specific Model Consumer Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code Report National Commission Consumer Finance Multilithed LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar Second Semester Mr. Rosenblum Analysis United States. Materials PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar Not LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar Second Semester Messrs. Morris Rubin & Schneider Dean Norval Morris University Chicago Law School Bernard Rubin M.D. Judge Joseph Schneider Northwestern University Chicago. Enrollment JUVENILE LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr. Geraghty Cook County. LAW AND ECONOMICS Seminar First Semester Mr. Schweinitz Prerequisite Economics Lawyers Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES LEGAL HISTORY Course Not JURISPRUDENCE Course First Semester Mr. Amato Every H.L.A. Hart Concept Law Fuller Morality Law Rawls Theory Justice Ronald Dworkin. LAW AND ETHICS Seminar First Semester Mr. Amato Although Frankena Ethics Wasserstrom Morality Law Devlin Enforcement Morals Wasserstrom War Morality Rachels Moral Problems THE SUPREME COURT HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL STYLES AND RHETORIC Seminar Second Semester Mr. Du Bose United States Supreme Court Supreme Court Court Court Justices. SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF Order Coif Northwestern Northwestern Order Coif THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern University Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Second Journal Criminal Law Criminology WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Selection THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Income Frank Lowden Class Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. BARNET AND SCOIT HODES PRIZE Income Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government. THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American Jurisprudence These INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance. PRENTICE HALL TAXATION WARD Prentice Hall Inc. Federal Tax Guide Federal Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute Trial Practice. Institute National Moot Court Competition. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School Through Law School Others School. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar. One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent Their School Rosenthal Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John C.H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. 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John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co. Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf Berle Jr. Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century · States University Wisconsin Press. Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc. Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University. Northwestern University Press. Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press. Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press. Judge Carl McGowan U.S. Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press. Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press. Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law. Arthur Goldberg J.D. Justice Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press. Willard Wirtz Law School Faculty United States Secretary Labor Labor Law. Perspectives Justice. Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley U.S. District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University. Northwestern University Press. Equitable Sharing World Resources Oscar Schachter Director Studies United Nations Institute Training Research Former Director General Legal Division United Nations. Columbia University Press. Ronald Dworkin Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Is Law? Jerome Alan Cohen Professor Law Director East Asian Legal Studies Harvard Law School Is There Law China? THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Law School Professor Linthicum Class Law School From American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation William Cary John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Dennis Thompson Willard Wirtz. OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund. Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Fund. Edwin Walsh Class Law School Albert Kocourek Fund. Albert Kocourek Law School Warren Buckley Fund. Warren Buckley Class Law School. LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc. Field Foundation Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Woods Charitable Fund Inc. Legal Clinic Program Law School Northwestern University Chicago. Legal Assistance Clinic During Law Legal Assistance Clinic First Third Illinois Rules Supreme Court Illinois. SHORT COURSES Professor Fred Inbau School Law Short Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course Defense Lawyers Most CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually Northwestern Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Illinois Institute Continuing Legal Education. Institute United States. Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review STUDENT ACTIVITIES Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School School United States Students One Law School Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class Law School. Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern University Law Review. Selection Although Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal While Journal Members After Journal Those Supreme Court Supreme Court Review Symposium Measurement Delinquency. Northwestern University Law Review One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review. University Chicago University Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review. Law Review. Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition U.S. District Judge Julius Miner Graduate Law Mrs. Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Justice Arthur Goldberg Justices Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall Potter Stewart Byron White William Rehnquist Supreme Court United States. Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition. ARLYN MINER FIRST YEAR MOOT COURT PROGRAM Moot Court Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Mrs. Julius Miner Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner Mrs. Miner Judson Linda Miner Leslie Miner Moot Court Advanced Julius Miner Moot Court Competition STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Junior Bar Association Law School. JBA Outstanding School JBA Speakers Program JBA JBA Social United States Supreme Court Justice Byron White Julius Miner Moot Court Law School. One HONOR CODE Law School Honor Code Junior Bar Association Honor Code Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association. Council Code Law School THE WOMEN CAUCUS Women Caucus Law School Members Caucus School. Extended Study Program Women Caucus Periodic Caucus Law School Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist School Moot Court. BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association Law School. BLSA Occasionally BLSA BLSA United States University BLSA Chicago RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Research Assistants These Mr. Hoyne School Letter Henry Booth Law School Jun ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL Law School United States School Law Admissions Committee. Among Since Law School Consequently School APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Law. Application Law School Law School Law School Data Assembly Service LSDAS Educational Testing Service Box Princeton LSDAS Educational Testing Service ETS Law School. LSDAS LSDAS Law School Exceptions LSDAS Except Law School. LSDAS Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School Law Information Educational Testing Service Educational Testing Service Box Princeton N.J. Law School LSDAS LSDAS LSDAS Northwestern University School Law Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service. Law School Data Assembly Service Law School Northwestern Law School VISITS TO THE SCHOOL School Committee Admissions. Since Assistant Dean Conferences Law School These WHEN TO APPLY Applicants Committee Admissions Any Committee Admissions Applicants See Financial Assistance. Applications Determinations Law School Admission Test Upon TRANSFER Juris Doctor Northwestern Generally Transfer Law School Admission Test Since Dean School. Association American Law Schools EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing Law School Extended Study Program Extended Study Program Participating Although PRE LEGAL STUDY Law School Since College Accordingly Courses Studies English Apart He Ordinarily He TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Abbott Hall Law School Of TUITION Short Law School Northwestern. Tuition Full D. Part Auditor Resident Research Full LL.M. S.J.D. Subsequent Increases Candidates Juris Doctor Candidates Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J Bachelor Laws Juris Doctor Candidates S.J.D. LL.M. University Resident Research They Unclassified Resident Research FEES Application Not Late Late Health Service Health Service Student Health Bulletin. Duplicate Multilith Fee J.D. Justice John Paul Stevens Law School United States Supreme Court. Advance Deposit PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier Office Abbott Hall Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Although University Insured Tuition Payment Plan WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official Registrar School Law. Students Students Students Regardless Registrar Law School REBATES Information Northwestern Student Finance Office Abbott Hall. Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Personal Cashier Office University ID FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Law School However Some APPLICATION PROCEDURE Law School Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service GAPSFAS GAPSFAS Application Financial Aid Academic Year GAPSFAS Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service Box Princeton New Jersey Law School. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law School Northwestern George Quilici Scholarship Fund. About School Mrs. Virginia Quilici Judge George Quilici. Dean. Edwin Austin Scholarships. Edwin Austin Class Law School. Recipients Dean Advisory Committee Law School University John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Clarion De Witt Hardy Scholarships. Hardy Scholarship. Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen Coon Law School Class Owen Coon Foundation. School Mr. Coon Foundation Law School Hardy Scholarships Scholars Edwin Kitty Perkins Scholarship Fund. Edwin Perkins Foundation Dean Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. John Henry Wigmore Club John Ritchie Dean Law School Income Dean Law School. Shirley Tark Scholarship. Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Jerome Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts Susan Jerome Ettelson Foundation Dean Mr. Ettelson Class Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. Susan Hoyne Ingraham School Law. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Class Law School. George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship Grant. George Enfield Frazer Law School George Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts Mrs. George Basta George Basta Class Dean. David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts David Axelrod Class Deserving Dean Francis Kosmerl Scholarships. Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. Mrs. Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Floyd Thompson Scholarship. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna Williams Virgil Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr. Dean Law School School. Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund. Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. School Ware Scholarship. Mrs. Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship. Frederic De Young LL.B. LL.D. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert University School Law Illinois. Illinois Governor Dan Walker Alumni Association. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. Anna Louise Raymond Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund. From Elmer Smith Theodore Stone Scholarship. Theodore Stone Class Mrs. Stone. Commencing Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. Wellington Walker Chicago Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School. Class Scholarship. Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From Ernest Schroeter Class Thad Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From Thad Talcott Class David Campbell Fund. From David Campbell Class Blumberg Book Fund. Nathan Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna Folonie Law School. Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Law School Class Income Hawaii Dean School. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. Orville Taylor Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. Oswald Deller Adele Rabino Deller Class John Henry Wigmore. Income Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. Chicago Bar Foundation Northwestern Chicago Dean. LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr. Hodes Northwestern University Income Protection Student Loan Program University Federally Insured Student Loan Program. Further Office Admissions. State Guaranteed Loan Program Information Illinois Bar Foundation Specific Office Admissions. GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES Law School One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. Experience English English. Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws University Also School Students Graduate Committee During Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University Chicago GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States Fellowships Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigman Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School School. PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Associate Dean Placement. Through Placement Service While Placement Service Jaw Law School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Through Northwestern Its Jaw United States Law School Law School Attractive Law School. Alumni Graduating Law School Placement Service United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent H.E.W. Federal School Law School School Further Placement Office Interviewers Number Number Law Firms Private Public Corporations Legal Banking Government Federal State Judicial Clerkships Federal State Academic Teaching Further Military Employed THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School They Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Moot Court American Bar Association Chicago OFFICERS Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Richard Trenkmann Esther Kegan Patrick Brien Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Jerome Ettelson Richard Trenkmann Esther Kegan Raymond Suekoff John Barry Harold Calkins Walter Davis Jr. Gene Maddox Laurence Oliphant Jr. Norman Sevin Richard Flynn James Henderson Jon Steffensen Edwin Wack Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson BOARD OF DIRECTORS William Brady John Crown Milton Fisher James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Marvin Aspen Edward Bradley Jr. Richard Kelly Charles Lawrence Robert Oxtoby Carol Thigpen Franklin Chanen Arlene Erlebacher Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Jeffrey Baddeley Patricia Brandin John Notz Jr. Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro ROSTER OF COLLEGES · AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Application Buildings Black Law Students Association Calendar Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined J.D. M.M. Program Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Defense Attorneys Short Course Degrees Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing J.D. M.M. J.D. Ph.D. Joint Law Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Social Sciences Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Publications Legal Library Library Funds Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition M.M. J.D. Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph.D. J.D. Placement Pre Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Short Coures Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Assistance Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Three Transfer Tuition Visits School Voluntary Women Caucus Withdrawal WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Director Graduate Studies Admission J.D. Graduate Law Alumni Association Alumni Office Admissions Admission J.D. Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J.D. Combined J.D. M.M. Program Placement Service Placement Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Ph.D. Director Program Law Social Sciences Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Northwestern University Chicago Campus EAST CHESTNUT STREET NORTH Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall Philippians https://plrccollections.org/files/original/8db0421784afa64c4f3b59ffc7f99e52.pdf 56d71ccaca713d5f59b2c70a30c4d77b PDF Text Text NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1974-75 THE SCHOOL OF LAW ��THE SCHOOL OF LAW ACADEMIC YEAR 1974-75 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Chicago, Illinois �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a beautiful setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop. 2 �CONTENTS Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 The Course of Instruction .. ... . ....... .. ........... 13 Curriculum ... . . ... . .... . ............ .... . .. .. .. .. 21 Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Admission to the School ..... .. ... .. ....... . ........ 47 Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 The Law Alumni Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Roster of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Index ............................... .. .......... 68 Map of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover Cover: Stained glass window in Levy Mayer Hall of Northwestern University's School of Law 3 ��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of th e Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN The first law school in its state and region and one of the oldest in the nation, Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century it has been dedicated to the education of men and women for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with approximately 550 students seeking their first degree in law. The substantial size of the faculty gives the School one of the three or four lowest student-faculty ratios found among the leading law schools. This makes a close working relationship between student and teacher possible, thereby fostering professional training of the highest order and providing an opportunity for the development of each student's unique capabilities. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Good professional training requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration and arrangements conducive to informal interchange between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of Jaw with an appreciation for the finest traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage the student will share. LOCATION OF fflE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the business center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, _golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area\ of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal governments, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University, where several large buildings house the Medical School and the Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, containing an 800-seat auditorium and housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic; Abbott Hall, the 18-story student residence for the men and women enrolled in the professional schools; and hospitals which 5 �are members of the McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern Univer~ity. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,500 full-time undergraduate students and 2,500 graduate students is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for courses and seminars, general library resources, cultural activities, and athletic events, has been the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The $12-million University Library, key academic facility of the First Plan, opened in 1970. Other new facilities are the Norris University Center:, Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, 0 . T. Hogan Biological Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building ( the communicative disorders center), Nathaniel Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of Management's new headquarters on the Evanston campus), School of Education Building, Rebecca Crown Center ( the University's administration building), and new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall and Foyer-Gallery, part of a planned Fine and Performing Arts Complex, is scheduled for completion in 1975. The University recently announced a new $177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward the Eighties." The major thrust of the campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for current and future educational operations; some $49 million is being sought for a building program. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a handsome garden which is frequently used for open-air discussions and study. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of 6 Dean James A. Rahl is the initial holder of the Owen L. Coon Chair in Law established in 1974. The professorship bears the name of the late Owen L. Coon (Law '19), a former trustee and lifelong friend of the University. �the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and elsewhere, are hung about the School to illustrate the people and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. The design of Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was suggested by that of the British House of Commons. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and third years meet here, numbering typically from 10 to 15 students seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For instruction in trial and appellate practice, the School has a fully-equipped, modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates actual criminal and civil trials conducted occasionally by courts sitting in Illinois and is used for the teaching of trial practice. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With its collection of more than 318,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law libraries in the Western Hemisphere. Even more important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual �carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student for typing a research paper or reorganizing his or her course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and may call upon the expert fulltime staff of 21 if in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well, whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but also to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library's Anglo-American collection includes almost all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications- digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well-selected, comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession in general. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, and government and includes a special collection on law and the social sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. About one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a �complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic documents, treatises, and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public and private international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than 500 original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L Shaw (LLB., 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and to practitioners. Provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As a practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to a general University appropriation, the Law School Library is supported by a number of special endowments. The largest endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LLB., 1867) , then Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LLB., 1909) . In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LLB., 1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LLB., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D ., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H. Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science, and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made a substantial grant for the establishment of a collection on urban affairs. Two gifts to the Law School in 1970 provided for the purchase of books for the library. A substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams increased the library's endowment fund. 9 �In 1971, the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore, in memory of the late Professor Robert Wyness Millar. The income from this fund is to be used for the purchase of books. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided an endowment in 1972 for the purchase of books, materials, and equipment, known as the Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Library Fund. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which student lawyers hone their skills in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden Hall, named for the first of several of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are available to students and faculty during the morning hours. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. Separate offices are provided for student activities, including the Junior Bar Association, the Northwestern University Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the JBA Bookstore. Faculty offices which open directly onto rnain corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher. students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce lawyers of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student can concentrate time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students, except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School, are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of personal qualities which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. STUDENT RESIDENCE The building, 18 stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement contain common rooms for social and recreational purposes; the upper 16 have private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished. Each room has a double closet. Plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott Hall 18 17 10 �(Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. For the academic year 1974-75, the room rates range from $436-$610 per person per room. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and cold foods are also available in the vending canteen on the second floor. Students may pay cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign board contracts. Students who choose the contract plan get 17 meals per week and have the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals. The cost of a school year board contract is $725. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January 1, and April 1. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room application, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Two types of married student housing are available: efficiency (one room) apartments ranging from $135-150 per month, including utilities; and one-bedroom apartments ranging from $165-$210 per month, including utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH Entering students are required to present records of recent physical examination. The Student Health Service for all students in schools on the Chicago campus is located in the Montgomery Ward Building, Room 2-009, of the Medical School. Available medical services and limited hospital and surgical coverage are described in the Student Health Bulletin which each student receives upon initial registration. Supplemental hospital insurance and surgical coverage, necessary to provide more complete coverage of hospital costs of students and their dependents, is available at nominal rates. The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health Service bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at Passavant Pavillion of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Students are liable for the payment of medical expenses incurred in the hospital emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient departments on unauthorized visits. An unauthorized visit is one which has not had the prior approval of the Health Service excepting, of course, when circumstances of time or physical condition make this impracticable. Students are also liable for the full payment of other medical expenses incurred without prior approval of the Director of Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond those provided by the Health Service are advised as indicated, but are the financial responsibility of the students. ��"[Here the] teaching will . .. give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . .. it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law- to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but also for careers in government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands of the individual student the thought and initiative needed to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of apalysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his or her way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as mind and industry will carry. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that day is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours as are spent in class are devoted to individual study. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but also with topics such as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with 13 �private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his or her professional life. Within the limits of the possible, education in that brief span must be for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Consumer Protection, Comparative Law, and Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in 14 articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from 10 to 15 students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years �of its development. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experiences of the lawyers and judges who conducted them and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on first-hand observation of the law in action. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to revert to the student, after he or she has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of a law school career the student is thus led to do what one has to do throughout professional life-think, analyze, and decide on one's own initiative. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the form of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place, and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically, in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his or her analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, the student or a classmate is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he or she takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Clinical Training and Practice Courses Clinical training and practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day when there were no law schools, and the lawyer trained for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. 15 �In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time and is now developed in clinical programs and courses supervi~ed by the faculty. In the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne Hall, next door to the Law School, students working under faculty supervision gain practical experience in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents in a wide variety of cases, both civil and criminal. Students also assist the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials and, under the rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education. During the first year, all students are instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue the case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court composed of alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to its end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in pre-trial preparation, examining witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to a jury. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do in court. Much of tht! lawyer's practice is carried on in the office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers several courses in which the student is called upon to solve client problems and draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is 16 free to select subjects of special interest and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from 10 to 15, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research arid analysis for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Legal Writing Skills Every student is offered the opportunity during his or her Law School career to develop writing skills. In the first year, each student is required to take a course which provides supervised experience in written communication with particular reference to the field of law. In the second and third years, further experience is gained in supervised writing. Before graduation each student completes one or more of the following: • Editorial work meeting established standards on the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. • Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. • Participation in the Senior Research Program. • Enrollment in a seminar which requires presentation of preliminary and revised drafts which receive careful editorial criticism prior to submission of the final draft of the paper. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a student, with faculty approval, may eiect to devote as many as 12 credit-hours- almost half of the third year- to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. During the second year a student interested in this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field and who will serve �as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the curriculum, the student may arrange a schedule to include Law School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with the faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening one's powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library and may also draw upon other resources, including other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits, with careful advance planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world. For example, different faculty-student teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in several African nations as a part of the Senior Research Program. Faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time to the research, discussion, and critique necessary to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant-not only in substance but also in working relationship-than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. A number of joint books and articles have been published as a result. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. During the first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the firstyear student's individual problems in dealing with them are under careful scrutiny. 17 �Each entering student is assigned a faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his or her last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years enables students who so wish to attain a degree of concentration. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context. For example, questions of criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional Law may be studied in a seminar on Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the student to select virtually any combination of elective courses he wishes in his last two years. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University has pioneered in research integrating the study of law and the social sciences. The joint degree allows students to earn the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences in five years, including four years of courses and a dissertation year. The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as a professional, both in law and in social science. The graduates of this program qualify for admission to the bar and are competent to practice law. They are also fully trained in both the theory and methods of social science and experienced in field research on legal systems. The program admits up to five students per year. Applicants interested in this program may write for further information to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 357 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611. THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM A student may earn the Master of Management (M.M.) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if he or she enrolls in both the Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five years of study. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester-hours in the School of Law, an additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate School of Management. Similarly, the M.M. may be earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for 6 course units being given for work completed in the School of Law. Joint credit is given, however, only to those enrolled in the program. �The precise order in which work is taken may be determined individually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one school and a full year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both law and management during the third and fourth years. Every participant, however, must complete one academic year of study exclusively in each school before enrolling for a program of courses in both schools. An applicant to the combined degree program should apply separately to each of the schools, following procedures prescribed by each school. To qualify for the combined program, an applicant must be admitted to both schools. After admission, the applicant must signify which school he wishes to attend first. A student already enrolled in one school may apply for the combined program by seeking admission to the other school during his or her first year of study in either the School of Management or the School of Law. A student in the combined program may be considered for financial assistance separately by each school for the first year he or she is enrolled in that school and by both schools when taking courses in both schools. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third years must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. In any semester third-year students may register for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminars, examinations are not ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. With the permission of the Dean, students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS To be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete and earn credit in the 15 semester-hours of the first semester; the remaining 12 semester-hours of required first-year courses; and at least 63 semester hours of elective work; in not less than six or more than seven semesters in residence. After the first semester, in order to remain in good standing, the student must earn satisfactory grades (Honors, Satisfactory, or Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed. For graduation purposes, satisfactory grades must be earned in two-thirds of the credit hours completed after the first semester, but hours of unsatisfactory but passing credit (graded Pass) may be offset by hours of Honors. In addition, before graduation, the student must complete at least one of the following: • A Senior Research project. • Participation according to established standards in the work of the Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. • Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. • Participation in a seminar in which the student submits preliminary and revised drafts for criticism by the instructor prior to submission of the final paper. Although the faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who 19 �has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he or she must have satisfied the faculty as to character, and the student must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he or she is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described under Graduation Requirements above. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned at Northwestern. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum /aude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opinion of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars, the courses in Trial Practice and the work in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic are limited in enrollment. The 20 School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Practice course, or Clinic program can be accommodated. COURSE NUMBERING Each Law School curricular offering is assigned a seven- or eight-digit number as follows: 01 - 320 - 74 Evidence 01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I (The Law School code within the University is 13; it is used to precede course numbers only where necessary to distinguish Law School courses from offerings of other schools of the University.) The first two digits identify broad fields of study, as follows: 01 Procedure and Practice 02 Criminal Law 03 Torts 04 Contracts and Contract Consequences 05 Property 06 Family Structure and Arrangements 07 Business Structure and Regulation 08 Taxation 09 Governmental Structure and Function 10 Admiralty, International Law, and Foreign Law 11 Social Issues 12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and Legal History The next three ( or four) digits identify the particular course. The first of these three digits also identifies level and place in the curriculum, as follows: 100 Required first-year course 200 Elective course open to first-year students 300 Upperclass elective course without prerequisites 400 Upperclass elective course with prerequisite(s) 500 Seminar without prerequisites 600 Seminar with prerequisite(s) 700 Clinical course 800 Senior Research 900 (reserved) Where a course is a part of a subject sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II, the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the course's placement within the sequence. The final two digits identify the section and instructor. �CURRICULUM FffiST-YEAR COURSES Required Courses Elective Course** Course Number 04-110-1 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Contracts I 02-110 Criminal Law 3 01-110 05-110 03-110-1 Moot Court Property Torts I * 4 3 Total first-year hours Credit Hours 4 14 SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Number Name 04-110-2 Contracts Il 09-110 Constitutional Law 01-120 01-110 Legal Profession Moot Court 03-110-2 Torts II Criminal Procedure** 02-210 or 10-210 International Law** or 11-210 Law and Social Change** Credit Hours 2 4 3 3 3 16 •work of Moot Court continues th rou gho ut the academic ye ar, but grade and credit are entered only at conclusion of second semester . .. One of the three electives open to first -year students is to he chosen. William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture. 21 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS (Listed alphabetically within categories) Elective Courses Offered in 1973-74 Course Number 07-330 09-310 07-420 07-340 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Accounting Administrative Law Advanced Business Associations-Partnerships Antitrust Law Credit Hours 1 3 01-310-1 Civil Procedure I 01-711-14 Clinical Practice 01-710 Clinical Practice Orientation 01-340 Clinical Trial Advocacy 04-310 Commercial Paper 10-310 Conflict of Laws 07-310 Corporations 06-320-1 05-330 04-340 01-320 08-410 Environmental Law Equity, Restitution and Damages Evidence 01 -330 Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction 07-350 Labor Law 05-320 Public and Private Control of Land Use Regulated Industries Secured Transactions State and Local Government Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice I 08-330 08-310 07-370 04-320 09-320 07-360 01-420-1 22 Decedents' Estates and Trusts I 2 4 4 4 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 4 3 2 3 2 2 1 Course Number 10-320 SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Admiralty Credit Hours 3 09-310 Administrative Law 07-340 Antitrust Law 07-440 Business Planning 01-310-2 Civil Procedure II 3 4 2 2 01-721-24 Clinical Practice 4 01-340 04-310 10-310 07-410 02-210 04-350 06-320-2 3 3 3 3 3 11-220 04-340 01-320 06-310 08-410 08-330 08-310 01-330 04-330 05-340 10-210 Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Conflict of Laws Corporation Finance Criminal Procedure Debtor-Creditor Relations Decedents' Estates and Trusts II Economics for Lawyers Equity, Restitution and Damages Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 2 3 11-330 11-210 05-310 The Law and Racism Law and Social Change Real Estate Acquisition and Disposition 3 02-310 Scientific Evidence 1 07-430 Securities Regulations 2 01-420-2 Trial Practice II 01-421 Trial Practice I & II 11-320 Welfare Litigation 11-340 Women and the Law 1 2 3 2 2 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont'd Elective Seminars Offered in 1973-74 Course Number 09-520 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Civil Liberties 01-610 01-510 Class Actions Computers and the Law 2 2 07-610 11-510 02-530 02-520 Criminal Evidence Criminal LawCurrent Problems Economic Development, Political Modernization and the Law Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice 2 02-540 02-530 SECOND SEMESTER Course Credit Name Hours Advanced Problems in Constitutional Law 2 Antitrust Law and Policy 2 Consumer Protection, Credit Sales and Poverty 2 Criminal Appellate Advocacy 2 Criminal Evidence 2 11 -580 Empirical Research 2 07-520 06-610 02-710 Employment Discrimination Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice International Business Transactions Introduction to Civil Law Law and Education Law and Psychiatry Law of the Common Market Legal Aspects of Nation-Building: Africa Problems in Law and 2 2 11-520 06-610 02-710 07-510 12-510 12-520 11-560 Food and Drug Law Jurisprudence Law and Ethics Law and Psychiatry Credit Hours 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 Course Number 09-510 10-530 10-511 11-540 11-560 10-540 10-521 11-550 08-610 05-520 05-510 Elective Course Course Credit Courses Number Hours Name 09-340 Administrative Law: and Seminars Regulation of not offered Broadcasting 3 in 1974-75*** 10-620 Advanced Problems in Conflict of Laws (seminar) 2 07-530 Advanced Problems in Securities Regulation (seminar) 2 10-520 African Law (seminar) 2 10-510 Comparative Law (seminar) 2 07-361 Deceptive Trade Practices 3 11-530 Economic Analysis and Public Policy (seminar) 2 06-620 Fiduciary Administration (seminar) 2 10-610 International Antitrust Law (seminar) 2 10-550 International Organizations (seminar) 2 Medicine Problems in Taxation of Business Income Real Estate Development Urban Housing Problems 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Number Name Hours Course Course Credit 10-551 International Protection of Human Rights (seminar) 2 01-520 Judicial Administration (seminar) 2 11-570 Juvenile Law (seminar) 2 07-620 Labor Law (seminar) 2 02-510 Law and Criminology (seminar) 2 11-310 Law and Poverty 2 10-560 Law, Ecology, and the Global Environment (seminar) 2 12-310 Legal History 2 09-330 Legislative Process (seminar) 2 02-550 Research in Urban Criminal Justice (seminar) 2 08-340 State and Local Taxation 2 08-620 Tax Policy (seminar) 1 ••• o ffe rings in the regular curriculum which, although not offered in 1974-75, are expected to be offered in futu re years. 23 �SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research may be taken by third-year students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in the first semester taken) in any field of study upon agreement with the supervising professor, subject to the rules governing the program which are available from the Registrar's Office or the Director of Research. DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS (Listed in order of course number) Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also serve to identify instructors. 01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Reese (56); Waltz (74) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties ; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); Waltz, Cases on Pleading and Procedure (multilithed), and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). 01-110 MOOT COURT Messrs. Barack ( 03), Course (3 hours) Slater ( 64), Elliott, & First and Assistants in Instruction Second Semesters (03/64) One hour credit given in the first semester; two hours credit given in the second semester. After an introductory study of the process of trial and appellate litigation, the first semester's work consists of the writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in small groups with an Assistant in Instruction; individual tutorials with a Teaching Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the full class. The second semester's work consists of Moot Court cases raising legal issues of current interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. 01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Messrs. Redish (55); Second Semester Reese (56) A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see course description for Civil Procedure I. Materials to be announced (Mr. Redish); Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) . 01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION Course (1 hour) Mr. Spalding (65) Second Semester An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term "practice of law" ( often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem); providing adequate legal services for all ( the poor, the middle-income client, the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-ofinterest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Materials to be announced. 01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Redish (55) Second Semester Mr. Reese (56) History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System 2nd ed., 1973. The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. 24 01-320 EVIDENCE Mr. Haddad (30); Course (3 hours) Miss Hughes (33) First Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Materials to be announced (Mr. Haddad, Miss Hughes); Louisell, Kaplan, and Waltz, Cases and Materials on Evidence (Mr. Waltz). �01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course (2 hours) Messrs. Garland, Geraghty, First and Second Semesters et. al. (24) Training in the art of trial advocacy to prepare students for clinical practice and trial practice. Students' skills will be developed and tested by presentation of solutions to trial problems at weekly sessions of the Circuit Court of Northwestern, Clinical Division . Trial problems will require students to examine witnesses, introduce other evidence (including the testimony of expert witnesses), present opening and closing arguments, and select juries. In addition to problems, each student will bear responsibility for the preparation and trial of a criminal or civil case ( or cases). These complete mock trials will take place before mock juries, and the students' performances will be judged and reviewed by other students, faculty, practicing lawyers, and judges. Materials to be announced. 01-420 TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters Mr. Hanley (83); Mr. Stifler (98) An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to take the place of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. Materials to be announced. 01-421 TRIAL PRACTICE I & II Course (2 hours) Second Semester Miss Hughes (33) 01-422 SELECTED PROBLEMS IN LITIGATION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Consideration of selected problems in civil and criminal litigation, such as pretrial discovery, jury selection, opening statements and closing arguments, examination of witnesses, and special problems of evidence and proof, by means of lecture, demonstration, and class participation and critiques. Substantial participation by outside practitioners. Prerequisites: Evidence and an introductory course in civil or criminal procedure. Materials to be announced. 01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Roberts & Sprowl (96) The procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law, legal problems resulting from computer utilization in an increasingly computer-oriented society; computer invasion of privacy and the impact of computers upon the democratic process; the use of computers in legal research; and an introduction to computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of computers in the practice of law and in litigation. Materials to be announced. 01-520 JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 01-610 CLASS ACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Reese (56) Examination of the class action in federal and state practice and of its function in areas of civil rights, consumer protection, ecological litigation, antitrust, securities regulation, and mass torts. Consideration will be given to selected aspects of procedure, including requirements of notice, manageability, res judicata, fees, conflict of laws, forms of relief, and appealability. A paper is required; the writing requirement for graduation may be met. Materials to be announced. 01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course (1 hour) Legal Clinic Staff First Semester Mr. Hyman, Co-ordinator (34) Required of all second-year students working in the Legal Clinic, and of third-year students who are working in the Clinic for the first time. A survey of the basic legal rules in the fields most frequently encountered at the Clinic and other agencies and programs, including criminal procedure, domestic relations, housing, consumer, welfare, and not-for-profit corporations law, highlighting some of the issues most amenable to creative approaches in litigation. Development of litigation techniques and interviewing skills and discussion of the structure of the courst system in Chicago. Materials to be announced. 01-711-14; 01-721-24 CLINICAL PRACTICE Course (4 hours) Mr. Eovaldi, Mr. Geraghty, First and Second Ms. Geraghty, Mr. Hyman, Semesters Mr. Schoenfield, et. al. ( 11) Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours per week to clinical practice at the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, Federal Defender Program, United States Attorney's Office, Better Government Association, or at other agencies or organizations approved by the Law School for clinical practice. Training in counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and in substantive and procedural law particularly relevant to the clinical program chosen. Students enrolled in the course are required to apply for certification under Illinois Supreme Court Rule 711, the Illinois student practice rule. This rule allows third-year law students, under certain circumstances, to practice in the Illinois State courts. Prerequisite or concurrent requisite: Clinical Practice Orientation 25 �and a trial practice course. For admission to the program at the Northwestern Legal Clinic, completion of or enrollment in Clinical Practice Orientation is a prerequisite. Supervisors of other clinical programs may or may not require Clinical Practice Orientation as a prerequisite. Preference in gaining admission to the Legal Clinic program will be given to those students who have satisfactorily completed one semester of volunteer work at the Clinic or who have volunteered for such work. Students may enroll either for one semester or for both semesters of their third year. Materials to be announced. 01-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE 02-110 CRIMINAL LAW Messrs. Heinz (31); Course (3 hours) Inbau (35) First Semester Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal Jaw; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations. lnbau, Thompson, and Moenssens, Cases and Comments on Criminal Law. 02-210 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Messrs. Haddad (30); Course (3 hours) Inbau (35) Second Semester A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension . lnbau, Thompson, Haddad, Zagel, and Starkman, Cases and Comments on Criminal Procedure. 02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (I hour) Second Semester Mr. Inbau (35) The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials to be announced. 02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Messrs. Haddad (30) Seminar (2 hours) & Inbau (35) First Semester A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. 02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Aspen (86) First Semester Mr. Bronner (88) Second Semester An examination of the trial processes of a criminal case. The seminar will focus on strategy and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case, plea bargaining, the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony, arguments to the court and jury, and sentencing procedures. Materials to be announced. �02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Haddad (30) Second Semester A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other state and federal post-conviction remedies. Mimeographed materials. 02-550 RESEARCH IN URBAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 02-710 FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar (1 hour) First and Second Semesters Mr. Garland (25) Discussion and analysis of criminal trial practice in the Federal Courts. Students will be assigned to Federal Defender Panel attorneys and will assist those attorneys in preparing and trying federal criminal cases. Classroom sessions will center on discussion of problems and issues arising out of federal criminal trial work against the background of student experiences in the Federal Defender Program. Classroom sessions will also include student participation in exercises dealing with problems encountered in federal criminal litigation. Students may enroll for either or both semesters but preferences in admission to the seminar will be given to those who enroll for both semesters. Materials to be announced. 02-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW 03-110-1 TORTS I Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Redish (55); Slater (64) Protection of personality, property, and relational interests against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract, and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; study of the effects of modern socio-economic concepts on the development of tort law and of the operation of the judicial process at it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Prosser and Wade, Cases and Materials in Torts (Mr. Redish); Materials to be announced (Mr. Slater). 03-110-2 TORTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Redish (55); Rosenblum (57) A continuation of Torts I; see course description for Torts I. Materials to be announced. 03-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS 04-110-1 CONTRACTS I Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Bennett (05); Childres (10) Study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; an introduction to contract remedies; formation, performance, and discharge of contracts, including third party beneficiaries, assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds. Contractual aspects of the law of agency. Attention is given to certain portions of the Uniform Commercial Code which relate to contracts for the sale of goods. Materials to be announced. 04-110-2 CONTRACTS II Course (2 hours) Messrs. DuBose (17); Second Semester Freed (22) A continuation of Contracts dealing with sales under the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales contract; risk of loss and rights of creditors and purchasers before delivery of the goods to the buyer; warranties and the power of the parties to alter them by contract; remedies of the buyer when the goods are non-conforming and the right of the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of credit and credit card transaction. Farnsworth & Honnold, Commercial Law (Mr. DuBose). Materials to be announced ( Mr. Freed). 04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER Course (3 hours) Mr. Freed (22) First Semester Mr. Chamberlin (09) Second Semester The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2nd ed. ); Uniform Commercial Code, 1972 Official Text and Comment. 04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 Hours) First Semester Mr. Gordon (27) Secured financing of commercial and consumer goods with special reference to transactions in motor vehicles, fixtures, inventory, and receivables; consignments, equipment, leasing, and field ware27 �housing; security interests in proceeds of the collateral and after-acquired property; priorities, with detailed consideration of the priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course, and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems of the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2nd ed.) Uniform Commercial Code, 1972 Official Text with Comments. 04-330 INSURANCE LAW Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. Chamberlin (09) Basics of insurance law including the principles of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts) ; the risk transferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk ( coverage provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc. ); recovery by insured notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, estoppels, reformation of contract, etc. ); settlement of claims; and governmental regulation and sponsorship of insurance. Keeton, Insurance Law-Basic Text (recommended); Keeton, Case Supplement on Basic Text on Insurance Law (required). 04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND DAMAGES Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. DuBose (17); Second Semester Mr. Childres (10) A functional study of the law of form and measure of relief, emphasizing the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The law of restitution, both legal and equitable, the other equitable remedies, and the law of damages. The attempt is to construct a rational rule structure for these areas, one which is both consistent with most of the cases and responsive to the problems of the day. Materials to be announced (Mr. DuBose); Childres, Equity, Restitution and Damages, Cases and Materials (Mr. Childres). 04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. Eovaldi (20) A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as judgments by confession, enforcement of wage assignments, replevin, attachment, garnishment, wage deduction, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, and proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances. Particular attention to evolving constitutional and statutory protections of consumer debtors, includ- 28 ing exemptions from execution on wages and property, limitations on a creditor's ability to obtain a deficiency judgment, and limitations on extra-judicial collection efforts. Outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquidation and distribution of the bankrupt's estate, and the effectiveness of and procedures for obtaining a discharge of the bankrupt's debts. Consideration of alternatives to straight bankruptcy, such as wage-earner plans under Chapter XIII of the Bankruptcy Act and of the numerous proposals for change of the debt collection process and for alternatives to the present bankruptcy system. Materials to be announced. 04-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES 05-110 PROPERTY Course ( 4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Gordon (24); Schuyler (62) Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property concepts; selected problems in personal property; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests; concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases and Text on Property (2nd ed.) , and multilithed materials. 05-310 REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course (3 hours) Second Semester Miss Hughes (33); Mr. Kennedy (37) An analysis of the basic elements of land acquisition and transfer- the real estate sales contract, deeds, recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development financing including federal programs and secured lending devices; an exploration of additional selected legal problems such as cooperative and condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced. 05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Spalding (65) A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control the use of land. On the private law side, both consensual arrangements ( easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered. On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning, subdivision control, and pollution control schemes. �These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related factual situations-rather than doctrinally. Spalding, Cases and Materials on Uses of the Environment (2nd tentative edition- multilithed) . ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course (3 hours) Mr. D'Amato (15) First Semester A methodology and systems framework for assessing legal impact upon decisions affecting the environment. Problem areas include depletion of resources, pollution, pesticides, radiation and power generation, overpopulation, technology assessment, and the values of science in the restructuring of societal decision-making. Emphasis upon the dialogue between science and law in environmental litigation. Materials to be announced. 05-330 05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course (2 hours) Messrs. Lungmus & Second Semester Tilton (91) Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets, know-how, confidential disclosures, and the licensing or assignment of intellectual property. Multilithed materials. 05-510 URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Tucker (99) Study of methods and problems concerning provision of an adequate supply of standard housing through government programs and private action. Materials to be announced. 05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Goldman (26) An examination-principally from the viewpoints of the developer-investor and his attorney--of selected financial, business, legal and tax considerations involved in the acquisition, development, and syndication of real estate. David, Urban Land Development. 05-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY 06-310 FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom (04) A study of the legal problems involved in formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family with particular emphasis on the problems of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage, child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson, Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic Relations ( 1970). 06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I Course (3 hours) Messrs. Beckstrom (04); First Semester Chamberlin (09) Intestate succession: limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed; contracts to make wills ; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts. Materials to be announced (Mr. Beckstrom); Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.) (Mr. Chamberlin) . 06-320-2 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course (3 hours) Mr. Schuyler (62) Second Semester The legal consequences of wills, trusts, and other dispositive documents, with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving class gifts, gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested and contingent interests, powers of appointment, the rule against perpetuities and changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration; charitable trusts. Prerequisite: DecedentJ' Estates and Trusts; Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.). 06-610 ESTATE PLANNING Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Fleming (82) & Kirby (36) Mr. Fleming (82) Second Semester A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation and Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials to be announced. 06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 06-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS 29 �07-310 CORPORATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Barack (03); Kennedy (37) A study of the common law, federal and state statutory, and administrative framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Attention will be directed to problems of organization, distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the regulation of securities transactions, proxy and reporting requirements, the special problems of close corporations, and corporate derivative and class actions. Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations. 07-330 ACCOUNTING Course (1 hour) First Semester Mr. Brady (87) Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accounting. Open only to students who have earned no more than three hours of college credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting for Business Lawyers (1971) . 07-340 ANTITRUST LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester Mr. Rahl (54) Second Semester Mr. Slater (64) Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of Business ( 1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and Materials on Antitrust Law (1974-multilithed). 07-350 LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester Mr. Hillman (32) An examination of the legal framework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment through collective bargaining. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative, and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be studied. Smith Merrifield & St-Antoine, Labor Relations Law, Cases and Materials, 5th ed. (new) . 07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Hilliard & Pattishall (95) The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Pattishall and Hilliard, Trademarks, Trade Identity and Unfair Trade Practices. 07-361 DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course (3 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 07-370 REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Rosenblum (57) Examination of the objectives, practices, and consequences of legal and administrative regulation by the federal and state governments of key sectors of American industry. Materials will be drawn �primarily from the fields of communications, transportation, energy, food and drugs. Emphasis will be placed on evaluation of regulatory statutes and case law prescribing agency policies, instruments, and procedures relevant to people's expectations and needs. Materials to be announced. ·, 07-380 SECURITIES REGULATION Course (2 hours) Mr. Hilliker Second Semester Federal regulation of broker dealers, stock exchanges, and investment companies. Civil liabilities for violation of securities laws. The role of the Securities and Exchange Commission and new developments in the structure of the capital markets. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation. 07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE Course (3 hours) Mr. Barack (03) Second Semester An examination of corporate financial matters, including the federal regulation of securities distributions under the Securities Act of 1933, corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise and securities valuation, the financial protection of security holders and creditors, and fairness and shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions. Materials to be announced. 07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS Course (2 hours) Mr. Shapiro (97) First Semester Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation, operation, and dissolution of partnerships and limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance. Materials to be announced. 07-440 BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Mr. Shapiro (97) Second Semester Advanced problems in corporation finance, including corporate organization, distributions, recapitalization, and reorganization. Emphasis will be placed upon problems of financing corporations, with concurrent examination of problems in corporate, tax and securities law. Prerequisites: Corporation Finance and Federal Corporate Income Taxation . Materials to be announced. 07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) Messrs. Burditt & First Semester M. Thompson (89) A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Christopher and Goodrich, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug Law (2nd ed.). 07-520 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Freed (22) Second Semester A study of the law of employment discrimination, including such issues as race and sex discrimination, standardized testing, affirmative action, and quotas. Emphasis will be on the litigation process in discrimination cases: recognition of discrimination, statutory causes of action, proof, and equitable relief. Students will be expected to spend out of class time in research for and preparation of papers and briefs in actual pending cases. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized, in addition to in-class discussion. Materials to be announced. 07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Messrs. Rahl (54) Second Semester & Slater ( 64) Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; selected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas; consideration of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories for particular problems. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law. Materials to be announced. 07-620 LABOR LAW Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 07-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION 08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course (3 hours) Mr. Kirby (36) First Semester Mr. S. Thompson ( 69) Second Semester An introduction to the statute on federal income taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of individuals, estates and trusts, on family property arrangements, and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby); Materials to be announced (Mr. Thompson). 31 �08-330 FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course (2 hours) Mr. S. Thompson (69) First Semester Mr. Kirby (36) Second Semester The impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of property transfers during life and at death. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby and Mr. Thompson). 08-340 STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. S. Thompson ( 69) Second Semester Mr. Kirby (36) The federal income taxation of business entities, corporations, and partnerships ; the incorporation process, recapitalization, reorganization of businesses ; the treatment of Subchapter Selecting corporations. Prerequisite: Federal Individual Income Tax. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Law: Income Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby); Wolfman, Federal Income Taxation of Business Enterprise (Mr. Thompson). 08-610 PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. S. Thompson ( 69) An advanced study of the federal income tax of corporations with particular emphasis on the tax treatment of corporate reorganizations at both the corporate and shareholder levels. There will be some discussion of the income taxation of foreign so urce income of U. S. corporations. Prerequisites: Federal Indi vidual Income Tax and Federal Corporate Income Tax . Materials to be announced. 08-620 TAX POLICY Seminar (1 hour) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 08-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION 09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course (4 hours) Second Semester Messrs. D'Amato (15); Nathanson (46) The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federal government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Materials to be announced (Mr. D'Amato) ; Gunther and Dowling, Cases and Material on Constitutional Law (8th ed.) (Mr. Nathanson). Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor from 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School. �09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Nathanson ( 46) & Rosenblum (56) Second Semester Mr. Bennett ( 05) A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governments, including the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (Messrs. Nathanson and Rosenblum); Materials to be announced (Mr. Bennett) . 09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course (2 hours) First Semester Mrs. Netsch (48) Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced. 09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 09-340 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course (3 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 09-510 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar (2 Hours) Second Semester Messrs. Gordon (27) & Nathanson ( 46) A study of selected cases in constitutional law awaiting decision by the Supreme Court in the current term. So far as possible, the materials used will be the briefs filed in the Supreme Court. Each student will be required to submit arguments and a written opinion for analysis and criticism by other members of the seminar. Materials to be announced. 09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Nathanson (46) Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and separation of church and state. Consideration will be given to underlying philosophical conceptions, to comparable problems in other democratic societies, and to international protection of human rights. Materials to be announced. 09-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW Course (3 hours) Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Leech, Oliver & Sweeney, The International Legal System. 10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester Mr. Nekam (47) A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. Materials to be announced ( Mr. MacChesney) ; Reese and Rosenberg, Cases on Conflict of Laws (Mr. Nekam) . 10-320 ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy & Sharpe, Cases on Admiralty, (2nd ed.). 10-510 COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 10-511 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Schwerin (63) Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Materials to be announced. 10-520 AFRICAN LAW Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 33 �10-521 LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION BUILDING: AFRICA Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Beckstrom (04) Second Semester An exploration of the changes traditional African legal systems are undergoing as a result of "Westernization," including under that term the introduction of codified law and new adjudicative forms, the migration to the cities, and social change generally. Both aspects of the adjustment process will be explored: the modifications Western legal forms and procedures must undergo in being applied to a social context differing from that which gave rise to them, as well as the accommodations a traditional society must make to incorporate successfully new legal institutions and processes. A goal of the seminar is sensitization to the rationale behind many Anglo-American legal institutions and concepts by showing how they work--or do not work-when transferred to another social setting. Materials to be announced. 10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Barack (03) Second Semester An examination of the legal problems of doing business abroad, including host country restrictions on foreign investment, problems of international trade, American taxation of foreign corporations and shareholders, and the extra-territorial application of American anti-trust and securities laws. Materials to be announced. 10-5i10 mE LAW OF mE COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Nicholson (94) A study of the institutions and developing law of the European Economic Community. Written paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of the Atlantic Area and multilithed materials. 10-550 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 10-551 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 10-560 LAW, ECOLOGY, AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 10-610 INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LAW Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 10-620 ADVAN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 34 10-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND FOREIGN LAW 11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Heinz (31); Hillman (32) A survey of relationships between the legal and social orders. Consideration wili be given both to the legal order as an affirmative instrument of social, political, and economic change and to the processes through which the legal order accommodates to such change. Specific illustrations of the role of the legal order in balancing the elements of progress and stability will also be examined. Materials to be announced. 11-220 ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS Course (3 hours) Second Semester Mr. de Schweinitz (16) A course for students who have had no economics, covering: the macro-economic theory of the determination of income, prices, and employment; the role of money, taxation, and government expenditures in stabilization policy; the microeconomic theory of markets, stressing their structural characteristics that influence the formation of the relative prices of inputs and outputs; the macro- and micro-economics of international trade and finance. Throughout the course the relationship between economic and legal processes will be emphasized. Materials to be announced. 11-310 LAW AND POVERTY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Bennett (05) An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and problems of litigation, particularly federal jurisdictional problems encountered in vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against the background of the present law. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. Materials to be announced. 11-330 LAW AND RACISM Course (2 hours) Second Semester Instructor to be announced An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting blacks, women, and other oppressed groups. Community persons are called in to share their experiences. Materials to be announced. �0 11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW Course (2 hours) Instructor to Second Semester be announced A consideration of sex roles in contemporary society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated by doctrines of constitutional law, family law, labor law, property law and the like; emphasis on the societal contexts in which doctrinal development occurred and in which it operates today. Materials to be announced. • 11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES, AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Eovaldi (20) An examination of the legal, economic, historical, and social setting for the sales of consumer goods ori credit, with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. The course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collection process. Specific subjects examined include: fraudulent and deceptive sales practices; regulation of credit terms and rates; 35 �truth in lending and other disclosure laws; warranty laws and unconscionability doctrines; creditor collection remedies, including wage assignments, wage garnishments, repossession and deficiency judgments, as well as holder in due course doctrine and contractual waiver of defenses; redress of consumer grievances, including small claims courts, arbitration procedures, class actions, and governmental agency activities. The Model Consumer Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the Report of the National Commission on Consumer Finance, and other proposals for legal changes will be considered. Multilithed materials. 11-520 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MODERNIZATION, AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. de Schweinitz (16) The economics of development and the economic and political problems confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in facilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political order. Materials to be announced. 11-530 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75 .) 11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Rosenblum (57) Second Semester Analysis of the statutory, constitutional, and public policy considerations affecting the structure and processes of education in the United States. A major focus on the governance of educational institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g., the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students. Materials to be announced. 11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Selected topics involving the interaction of law and medicine, e.g., problems of health care delivery, tort liability of physicians, expert testimony, testimonial privileges, homotransplantation, human experimentation, innovative therapy, genetic screening and counseling. Waltz and Wadlington, Problems in Law and Medicine (multilithed). 11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. DuBose (17) Second Semester Mr. Schneider (85) This seminar will deal with the rights of the mentally disabled. Although it will deal with 36 matters both criminal and civil in nature, it will emphasize the civil aspect and society's attempt to divert the mentally disabled from the criminal justice system. Both voluntary and involuntary admissions to hospitals, institutions, and other community facilities will be considered. Besides considering the court's role in the civil commitment proceeding, an examination of the court's role in mandating change will be undertaken. The doctrines of right to treatment and right to education shall be considered along with other legal rights of particular concern to the disabled. The role of the attorney and other advocacy models will be studied along with the problems of monitoring a mental health system. An opportunity for visitation to a mental hospital and participation in the preparation and trial of cases is possible. Materials to be announced. 11-570 JUVENILE LAW Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 11-580 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH Seminar (2 hrs.) Mr. Jacob (80) Second Semester 11-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES 12-310 LEGAL HISTORY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1974-75.) 12-510 JURISPRUDENCE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Nekam (47) Problems connected with the nature of the law, its purpose, its origin and development. Legal values; the idea of justice; natural law; sanctions. Materials to be announced. 12-520 LAW AND ETHICS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. D'Amato (15) The relation of morality to law: the nature of moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality, responsibility for behavior and strict liability, and the obligation to resist immoral laws. Although legal advice is a necessary part of this study, this is not a seminar in professional ethics as such. Frankena, Ethics; Wasserstrom, Morality and the Law; Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals; Wasserstrom, War and Morality; Rachels, Moral Problems ( all paperback). 12-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY, AND LEGAL HISTORY �HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Local Government. The first prize is approximately $400 and the second prize about $200. Each winner also receives a certificate and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Second- and third-year students are invited to join the staff of the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology on the basis of outstanding scholastic achievement and demonstrated writing ability. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-50, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the faculty. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal are awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES Income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $600. The prizes are awarded for ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public, and go to students for the best written contributions to the Law Review and the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and to the finalists in the annual Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income from a fund of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25 certificate to be used for any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. 37 �SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of significant research and scholarship. One of the principal programs supported by the Foundation is the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront of distinguished lecture programs in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures. Their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law at Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal History by Macmillan; In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice; 38 In 1929, John C.H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press; In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris; In 1934, Charles Warren, author of The Suprem e Court in United States History and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press; In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University; In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc.; In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the fields of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust �Enrichment," published as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community, and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952-53, the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Oscar Schachter, director of Studies of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR), delivering the 1974 Rosenthal Lectures. Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourt)l Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as 39 �a volume under the title Beyond the Law by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center and formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a series of lectures on "General Disarmament and World Law." 40 In March 1971, Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930), former Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on Its Past, Present and Future," published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former member of the Law School Faculty and later United States Secretary of Labor, presented a series of lectures on "Labor and the Law," to be published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1973 , a series of lectures was presented on the general subject, "Perspectives on Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Columbia University; The Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of New York ; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures will be published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1974, three lectures on the general subject, "Equitable Sharing of World Resources," were given by Oscar Schachter, Director of Studies, United Nations Institute for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division, United Nations. The lectures will be published by the Northwestern University Press. �THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and European authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a Qumber of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics, and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use, and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists, and public officials as William L. Cary, John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N . Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, and W. Willard Wirtz. OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A trust established by the late Cranston Spray, Class of 1923, and his widow, Catharine Spray, provides income used for stipends for students to conduct research in support of effective law enforcement. Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest in the amount of over $250,000 from the estate of Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds which may be used for the support of research, special lectures, clinical training, and other important Law School programs and needs. Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert Kocourek, professor on the Law School faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus professor from 1940 until his death in 1952, provides a fund of approximately $200,000, which under the terms of the will is to be used to promote research and teaching in the field of legislation and to purchase books for the library's jurisprudence collection. Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest of over $100,000 under the will of Warren B. Buckley, Class of 1913, provides funds which may be used to support different programs of the Law School. LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC The Law School provides outstanding opportunity for voluntary service in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the assistance of grants from the Council of Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure, with subsequent grants also from the Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of the Legal Clinic Program which the Law School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides civil and criminal legal services to persons who are patients of the Northwestern University medical and dental clinics. It also serves other individuals and organizations in Chicago. Through voluntary legal services, law students may assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial. Third-year law students may enroll in the clinical program for credit and may be certified to practice in the courts under the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Illinois Institute for Continuing Legal Education. The two-day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The Institute regularly draws several hundred lawyers from throughout the United States. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners and lawyers within corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review and other journals. 41 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860 . STUDENT ACTIVITIES A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says law students receive their education from their classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with colleagues. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 550 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. The student's classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from 40 states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and eighty-two colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 67). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrently with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professional journals written, edited, and published by men and women who have not yet achieved full professional status is unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate to have two regularly published scholarly journals available for student research, writing, and editing : the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology and the Northwestern Univ ersity Law Review. Selection for membership on a publication is at once a high honor, a great responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity. Although there are many advantages, the true value of membership on a legal publication lies in the sharpening of legal research, writing, and editing skills which are so essential to the effective practice of law. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology A quarterly publication with worldwide circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology is universally recognized as the foremost publication of its kind. It is the only student-edited law review published in the United States which focuses on criminal law and criminology and is one of the few such professional publications in the world. Founded by the late Dean John Henry Wigmore in 1909, the Journal has the second 43 �largest paid circulation among law reviews. While the Journal centers on the field of criminal law, its research reaches into other areas, from constitutional implications of various aspects of the criminal codes to the impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on the administration of criminal justice. Members of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and writing in all fields of the law while applying the principles of law to the narrower focus of their publication. After completion of their first year, a number of students are invited by the editorial board of the Journal to join the staff on the basis of outstanding scholastic performance. The board invites an additional group of students to join the staff on the basis of demonstrated writing ability, either through participation in the writing competition held during the second year, or by submitting an article of publishable quality. Those staff members who satisfactorily complete their duties are eligible for election to the editorial board. The editorial board holds complete responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and editing of competent material submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars and for the preparation of publishable student material in the criminal law field. Annual Legal Publications / Faculty Ball Game Each staff member is given the opportunity to write and publish both a comment on an important area of criminal law and a case note on a recent Supreme Court decision. The case note is published in the December issue, Supreme Court Review, thus giving the student the unusual opportunity to be published early in his or her law school career. A recent innovation has been the dedication of the June issue to a symposium on a relevant theme, involving articles written both by professionals and students. The June 1972 issue, for example, was devoted to a symposium on prisoner's rights, a topic which links the fields of criminal law and criminology. Northwestern University Law Review One of the most rewarding student activities at the Law School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was �continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, outstanding students are invited to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and demonstrated writing skill. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is hard work : it requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. Participation on the Law Review is both a demanding and a constructive experience. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition for second-year students. Made possible by an endowment which memorializes Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is administered, under faculty supervision, by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include former Justice Arthur J. Goldberg '30, and Justices Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, Byron R. White, and William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Law School teams in the National Moot Court Competition are chosen on the basis of performance in the Miner Competition. STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All students are members of the Junior Bar Association and through it contribute to the United States Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist talking with students after the Julius H. Miner Moot Court arguments at the Law School. �educational and recreational programs of the Law School. J BA committees are responsible for many activities, including the orientation program for new students, Law Day, and a student-run bookstore which handles used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to the School as part of the JBA Speakers Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following such programs. The JBA plans a variety of social and recreational programs throughout the academic year. Social activities are planned each year to reflect the interests of the student body. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, for its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of special note that this system has been chosen by the students and that students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS The Women's Caucus, an association of women in the Law School, provides a forum for discussion of the concerns of women seeking a legal education and women employed within the legal profession. The Caucus has been active in encouraging appointment of women to the faculty, the 46 placement of women graduates, and programs to encourage women's applications to the School. The Extended Study Program, which permits a small number of students to carry a lighter load, was recommended by the Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty. Weekly meetings of the Caucus are held to discuss issues of personal and group interest. A spokeswoman for the Caucus is elected each semester. BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION The Black Law Students Association serves as a forum for the discussion of matters concerning black students within the Law School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal issues relevant to blacks and, whenever .possible, provides assistance and answers to such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly express its position on events which significantly affect the black community. BLSA objectives include increasing the number of black attorneys in the United States by encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal education, gaining greater minority representation on the faculty and throughout the University, and helping the local black community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at other Chicago law schools to achieve common objectives. RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for the opportunities they afford for close participation in the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the faculty. LAW MATES The Law Mates organization provides an opportunity for the non-law student to understand something about the subject of law. Members of the organization may enjoy an informal talk by a faculty member on law study or a legal problem of general interest, or may spend the evening socializing with other members of the group. Occasionally, professors have conducted mock law classes to give a firsthand view of the educational process in which law students are involved. �"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June JO, 1859. ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL Each year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the United States and from abroad. In recent years there have been 15 or more applicants for each place in the entering class. The admission policies of the School of Law are predicated on consideration of the whole person. The Admissions Committee seeks to individualize the admissions process and to weigh a wide variety of factors from which individual decisions can be made. Among these factors are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession. Since its early years the Law School has followed this policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of moderate size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students are admitted for classes beginning in September only, and must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university at the time of initial registration in the School of Law. Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J. 08540. The LSDAS form must be requested from the Educational Testing Service and returned directly to ETS, not to the Law School. The student's LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each college and university attended, regardless of the number of hours of credit received. (Exceptions to this requirement are noted in the LSD AS registration manual.) Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply a final transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's degree directly to the Law School. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which may be obtained directly from the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J. 08540. The test may be taken either before or after the Law School application form and LSDAS registration form are filed. An applicant for admission should ordinarily plan to take the test as early as July and no later than December preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant. LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service is paid by the applicant directly to the Educational Testing Service. The full details of the Law School Data Assembly Service accompany the registration form. An applicant must also submit, directly to 47 �the Law School, on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from at least two college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must also be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of $20. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are made by a faculty committee, an evaluative interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those considering his case. An applicant who wishes to supply special information concerning his application should submit a written statement. Conferences will be held with students interested in additional information about the Law School or about the admission process. These informational interviews should be by appointment, arranged in advance by mail or telephone. WHEN TO APPLY When possible, applications should be submitted and supporting documents forwarded before January 1, 1975. Applicants who follow this procedure will be informed of the action of the Committee on Admissions by March 1. All applications and supporting documents should be completed by March 1, 1975. Any application submitted after that date or any application which is lacking supporting documents on that date may, in the discretion of the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for that reason. Applicants for financial assistance must apply by February 1. (See page 52) Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as all supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he or she has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a non-refundable deposit of $100 no earlier than April 1 of the year of entrance. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward tuition and fees. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he or she is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor from Northwestern depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study and upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the standard application form following the instructions contained therein with the $20 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of which is a law school instructor. In addition the applicant must have furnished an official copy of the Law School Admission Test score, a statement of law school class standing ( or other basis for interpreting law school record), and a statement of eligibility to continue in his or her present law school. �Since the record of all law school work completed must be submitted before a transfer decision can be made, such decisions are not usually made until late summer. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing that women with small children have special family obligations which cannot always be met by the granting of financial aid, the Law School has instituted an Extended Study Program which allows participants to take four years to complete the normal threeyear course of legal study. A maximum of five Extended Study Program students are admitted to each first-year class. The program is open to applicants of exceptional ability who have special family obligations (such as the care of preschool children or unusually heavy financial commitments) which cannot be met by customary financial aid. Participating students are required to register for at least ten hours of course work each semester. In order to complete the program within four calendar years, students may either take more than ten hours in some semesters or attend summer school, or both. Although the program is design,ed primarily for women with children, applications are accepted from men who find themselves in a situation analagous to that of a woman who would be eligible for the program. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is required for enrollment in the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the skills of a lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance the power to express oneself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking are recommended, as well as other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He or she would be well-advised, in addition, to pursue study in some definite field far enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student who follows his or her own interests and tastes is more likely to extend himself or herself and thereby to increase capacities for law study. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for law school studies, but to prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He or she will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education- a course of study that develops in the student the capacity for understanding, for independent thought, and for effective self-expression. 49 �TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $6,180 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total, about $3,680 is required for tuition, fees, books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of later professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his or her tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1974-75 Two different tuition rates are applicable in 1974-75-one to third-year students who are continuing particular programs of study which they were pursuing in this Law School in 1973-74; and another to first- and second-year students and others. These rates are as follows: 3rd 1st/2nd Yr. year & others Full tuition for candidates for all degrees, each semester $1,690 $1,740 Part-time tuition, each credit-hour $175 $175 Auditor's fee, each weekly class hour $17 5 $175 Resident in Research fee, each semester $75 $75 Full tuition for candidates for the LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees, each semester $1,575. 50 Subsequent years Increases in tuition may be anticipated for subsequent years. Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $175 per credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident in Research fee. All information on tuition, fees, and other costs is subject to change without notice. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged: Application fee ................. . .. $20 Not transferable; not refundable. Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Late Health Service requirement fee . . . 2 For students who do not complete the initial Health Service requirements as specified in the Student Health Bulletin. Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate transcript of record, each Multilith Fee In many courses it is necessary to supply multilithed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of 5 1 �duplicating such supplementary materials. In instances where the teaching materials used in a course consist entirely of multilithed materials prepared by the instructor, so that no casebook need be purchased, an additional charge may be made. Advance Deposit An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is applied as part payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable. PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are billed and paid by semester, rather than for the full academic year. Payments are due in the first few weeks after the beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School of Law. Except for students who are compelled to withdraw because of compliance with military orders, students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In the case of exclusion Ior nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. REBATES Information about rebates for full-time faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent sons and daughters, and employees of Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be obtained at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before the student's first registration each school year. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the Cashier's Office by students who present their University ID cards. �FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE The Law School is committed to providing all possible assistanc_e to law students so that they may reach their educations goals. However, scholarship and loan funds available for this purpose are quite limited, and not all students who demonstrate financial need can be given financial assistance. Each application for financial assistance is considered individually by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an appraisal of the s.tudent's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship grants and repayable grants. The committee expects that each applicant will obtain as much financial assistance from other sources as is possible. Some scholarships, described below, are available for students with exceptional ability and attainments. APPLICATION PROCEDURE The Law School is a participant in the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service (GAPSFAS) . All applicants for financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form entitled "Application for Financial Aid for the Academic Year 1975-76." The GAPSFAS application may be obtained from the financial aid officer at the institution the applicant is currently attending. The GAPSFAS application may also be obtained from the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. The application should be filed no later than January 1 in order to assure its receipt at the school by February 1. The application contains sections to be completed by the applicant, by the spouse or prospective spouse, and the applicant's parents. An applicant must complete all three sections to be considered for aid at the Law School. An application for financial aid will be considered after an applicant has been accepted for admission. The admission decision will not be affected by a request for financial assistance. 52 SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to funds provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of alumni and others for scholarship purposes in the Law School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law students at Northwestern: George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $640,000 was bequeathed to the School by Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income from this fund and such part of the principal as may be deemed appropriate is awarded to students selected by the Dean. Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C. Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided a fund of about $114,000, the income from which is used for scholarships, fellowships, loans, or other financial assistance in the Law School. Recipients are selected by the Dean in consultation with an Advisory Committee, taking into consideration scholarship, interest in and attitude toward the Law School and University, conduct in and out of class, and need. John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several students of exceptional promise and ability may be designated each year as Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full tuition. Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. A student of exceptional ability in each class who has a goal of devoting his or her life to public service is awarded a Hardy Scholarship. The scholarships are in memory of Clarion DeWitt Hardy, a distinguished member of the faculty of the School of Speech, and were originally established by the late Owen L. Coon of the Law School Class of 1919. After his death in 1948, they were carried on until 1973 by the Owen L. Coon Foundation. In recognition of the generous support given the School by Mr. Coon and by members of his family and of the �Foundation board, the Law School decided in 1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships as described above. In the selection of Scholars, weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarship is normally in the amount of full tuition. Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A fund of $61,000 was established in 1972, under the sponsorship of the John Henry Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished service as Dean of the Law School from 1957 to 1972. Income from the fund is to be awarded annually to provide scholarship assistance to a deserving student selected by the Dean of the Law School. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $35,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship Fund. In 1973, the Edwin E. Perkins Foundation made a gift of $50,000 to endow a fund, the income from which is to be used at the discretion of the Dean to provide scholarship assistance to one or more deserving students. Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund. A gift of $30,000 in 1974 by the Susan and Jerome Ettelson Foundation provided an endowment, the income from which is to be used, under the discretion of the Dean to provide scholarships to students showing promise of academic excellence. Mr. Ettelson is a member of the Class of 1941. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund at the School of Law. The scholarship is a memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne of the Class of 1866, whose father was the founder of the Law School. George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to endow a scholarship fund in memory of the testator's late son, who was a member of the Law School class which entered in 1939. Illinois Governor Dan Walker, '50, greets fellow alumni at annual dinner of the Alumni Association. 53 �C. Lysle Sm.ith Scholarship. Contributions during his lifetime by the late C. Lysle Smith of the Class of 1920 together with further contributions by a group of his friends and associates have established a fund to provide scholarship assistance to a student or students selected by the Dean. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust with a principal amount of $240,000 under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied annually to aid one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of 54 the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate student of the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 contributed by the alumni of the School is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a �student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide a scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone. Commencing in September 1971, for a period of not less than five nor more than ten years, the fund is to be used to provide annual scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students until the principal and accumulation of the fund are exhausted. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. George M. Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane. The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $89,500 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation in the form of annual gifts used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a student in the Law School. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books by financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books to be used each year by a freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is selected by the Dean. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by 55 �the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship. In October 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the armed forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the armed forces. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in the Law School who is in need of financial assistance. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, a member of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii, selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law student. Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty members, and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship support for deserving minority group students. Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald Deller established a trust of $10,000 to. provide a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a great admirer of John Henry Wigmore. Income from the trust fund is to be used annually to provide a scholarship for a needy and worthy student who is studying, among other subjects, those subjects relating to social welfare law. Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships. The Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships, named . . 56 for Weymouth Kirkland, a prominent Chicago lawyer for many years who died in 1965, are designed to aid worthy students to further their legal education. The scholarships consist of annual grants of tuition plus, in appropriate cases, an annual allowance for living expenses up to $1,000. Recipients must be legal residents of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, or Wisconsin and must attend a law school in one of these five states. Selection is by a special committee. For further information and application forms, candidates should write directly to the Weymouth Kirkland Foundation, 200 East Randolph Drive, 57th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60601. Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In 1974, the Chicago Bar Foundation established a scholarship fund for students at Northwestern and other Chicago law schools. The scholarships are to be awarded to students with financial need as selected by the Dean. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921 , in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. Northwestern University's new Income Protection Student Loan Program is an effort on the part of the University to assist the individual student in defraying part of the student's present educational costs. Through this program a student may qualify for loans under the Federally Insured Student Loan Program. Further information may be obtained through the Office of Admissions. The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers educational Joans to eligible students through banks or other commercial lenders. Information about this program is available at the applicant's local bank. The Illinois Bar Foundation has established a student loan fund. Specific information about the loans may be obtained from the Office of Admissions. ��GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand .their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) Master of Laws (LL.M.) The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this 58 requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semester-hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. �2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4 . The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on preceding pages. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be estimated as a minimum at $3 ,500. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis to foreign applicants interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. Each fellowship presently provides for the payment of tuition plus $3,500 for books and living expenses. The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond Fellowship in a similar amount is awarded on a competitive basis to a United States applicant. The fellowships provide for payment of tuition and fees; the balance of $3,500 is paid to the student in 10 installments, the first on September 15. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. The fellowships are granted for one year only. Fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. A student must make his own travel arrangements. A successful fellowship applicant should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. �"Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law." -uThe Counsellor's Chorus,u John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The associations formed in the years of study at the Law School are lifelong. The School, through its Placement Service, offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in self-realization and contribution. The School's alumni assist in keeping alive memories and friendships of student days and provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of the Assistant Dean of Placement. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional opportunities and openings, compiles complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. While there are many who practice law, the demand for well-trained, able young lawyers has not diminished. The rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from numerous law firms, corporations, and government agencies. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual 60 practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in every state in the nation and in many foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of those in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes past and present governors and United States senators, cabinet members, department heads, United Nations representatives, diplomats, mayors, attorneys general, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts; both federal and state. For the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. �An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. Graduating students must make their own choice from the array of professional opportunities open to them. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to assist seniors in exploring the possibilities and help in arranging the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send members of the firm to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also seeks to provide temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. Governor Dale Bumpers of Arkansas, '51, addressing Alumni Association members at their annual dinner. �THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw President 1st Vice-President 2nd Vice-President 3rd Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Immediate Past President upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. OFFICERS 1973-74 OFFICERS 1974-75 Earl E. Pollock, '53 Patrick W. O'Brien, '50 Raymond I. Suekoff, '33 Francis J. McConnell, '53 Abraham Fishman, '32 Thomas J. Murphy, '66 Henry W. Kenoe, '31 Patrick W. O'Brien, '50 Raymond I. Suekoff, '33 Francis J. McConnell, '53 A. Arthur Davis, '52 William McKittrick, '39 Richard S. Trenkmann, '67 Earl E. Pollock, '53 Regional Vice-Presidents Richard J. Flynn, '53, Dist. of Columbia Harry R. Horrow, '34, San Francisco Helmer R. Johnson, '37, New York City Laurence E. Oliphant, Jr., '34, Cleveland Norman M. Sevin, '56, Miami Beach James Henderson, '48, Phoenix Paul Ziffren, '38, Los Angeles BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1974 Milton L. Fisher, '49 Hon. Julius J. Hoffman, '15 William R. Jordan, '48 George M. Keane, '38 William W. McKittrick, '39 Richard S. Trenkman, '67 Terms Expiring in 1976 Esther 0. Kegan, '36 Richard A. Jenkins, '53 Hon. Cecil A. Partee, '46 Robert W. Patterson, '60 Elroy C. Sandquist, '50 Harold D. Shapiro, '52 Terms Expiring in 1978 Isidore Brown, '15 James C. Hardman, '61 George Kelm, '54 Timothy C. Klenk, '67 Milton A. Kolar, '39 Russell H. Matthias, '32 Terms Expiring in 1975 Franklin A. Chanen, '57 Jerome L. Ettelson, '41 Paul Gerden, '40 Crane C. Hauser, '50 Barnet Hodes, '21 Mark E. MacDonald, '67 Terms Expiring in 1977 William W. Brady, '40 John J. Crown, '55 Francis J. McConnell, '53 James T. Otis, '51 Ray J. Schoonhoven, '48 L. Shirley Tark, '16 Terms Expiring in 1979 Carol Thigpen, '73 Ronald Kennedy, '73 Edwin 0. Wack, '39 Robert B. Oxtoby, '48 Richard Kelly, '51 A. Charles Lawrence, '31 62 �OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert H . Strotz, Ph.D., President of the University Raymond W. Mack, Ph.D., Provost William S. Kerr, Vice-President and Business Manager Arthur T. Schmehling, C .P.A., Vice-President and Controller John E. Fields, M.B.A., Vice-President for Development David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice-President for Research and Dean of Science Oglesby Paul, M.D ., Vice-President for Health Sciences Jim G. Carleton, Ph.D., Vice-President for Student Affairs Laurence H . Nobles, Ph.D., Dean of Administration William H. Thigpen, J .D., General Counsel J. Roscoe Miller, M.D. , LLD., Sc.D., LH.D. , Chancellor Emeritus Payson S. Wild, Ph.D., LLD. , Litt.D. , Pro vost Emeritus Harry L Wells, B.S., LL.D., Vice-President Emeritus LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean Francis 0. Spalding, B.A. , J .D., Associate Dean Edward H . Palmer, LL.B ., Associate Dean Thomas N. Edmonds, M.B.A., Assistant Dean Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S. , LL.B., Assistant Dean Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Assistant Dean Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.L.S., Librarian FACULTY Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Ox?n,), J.D., Associate Professor of law John H. Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law Robert W. Bennett, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law William C. Chamberlin, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law Robert Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor of Law and Director of Research Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of Law Karl de Schweinitz, B.A., Ph.D., Professor of Economics and Law Eugene Z. DuBose, Jr., A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor of Law and Assistant Dean Mayer G. Freed, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Norman M. Garland, B.S., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law (on leave 1974-75) Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A. , M.A., J.D., Visitin g Assistant Professor of Law Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director, Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law Steven Goldman, A.B., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law (on leave 1974-75) Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LLB., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus John P. Heinz, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law and Assistant Dean Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J .D. , Visiting Associate Professor of Law Jonathan M. Hyman, A.B., LL.B., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director, Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Fred E. Inbau, B.S., LLB., LLM., John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Rene N . Joliet, Docteur en Droit, LLM., S.J.D ., Visiting Associate Professor of Law (2nd sem. 1973-74) Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian and Professor of Law Brunson MacChesney, B.A., J.D., Edna B. a'nd Ednyfed H . Williams Memorial Professor of Law and Director of Graduate Studies Nathaniel L Nathanson, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Alexander Nekam, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J .D., Professor of Law James A. Rahl, B.S., J .D. , Dean and Owen L. Coon Professor of Law Martin H. Redish, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law Harry B. Reese, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., Dean Emeritus and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Emeritus 63 �William R. Roalfe, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus Victor G. Rosenblum, LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of Law David S. Ruder, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law (on leave 1974-75) Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law Daniel M . Schuyler, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., Ph.D., Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer Paul E. Slater, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law and Associate Dean Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law LECTURERS Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence George M. Burditt, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Austin Fleming, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estate Planning Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trademarks Herbert Jacob, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Lecturer on Empirical Research Helen Hart Jones, A.B., LL.B., LL.M., Lecturer on Women and the Law Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property Abner J. Mikva, J.D., Lecturer on Legislative Process Thomas L. Nicholson, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on the Law of the Common Market Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Trademarks Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and Partnerships James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law John G. Stifler, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Trial Practice Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Lecturer on Legal Bibliography 64 Merrill S. Thompson, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Timothy L. Tilton, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property Robert L. Tucker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Urban Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Michael J. Elliott, B.A., B.C.L. (Oxon.) ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Roxane M. Cayaloff, B.A. Carolyn S. Cozad, B.A. Kevin J. Egan, B.A. Brent E. Gregory, A.B. Walter M . Jones, B.A. Ronald A. Lane, A.B. Alan D . Levow, B.S. Robert M. Mattson, A.B. Jeffrey N. Pennell, B.S. Joel B. Perzov, B.A. James I. Singer, B.A. Barry M. Wolfson, B.A. Curtis E. Woods, B.A. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Pat Alexander, Receptionist Veena Bhatia, B.A., Secretary, Legal Publications Pat Brandt, Faculty Secretary Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Legal Publications Harriet G. Christiansen, Secretary, Legal Publications Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary Janet Dudek, B.A., Department Assistant and Placement Secretary Kiyoko Fujiu, B.A., Secretary to the Assistant Dean Mary Ann Hoffman, Faculty Secretary DeWitt Jackson, Pressworker Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean Lisa Jolley, Secretary to the Associate Dean Dona M. Laketek, B.A., Admissions Counselor Bernice F. LeBeau, B.S., Research Secretary Nancy Maxwell, B.A., Registrar Sarah Mingo, CPT Operator and Secretary Dorothy Morton, A.A., Department Assistant Jeanne Nowell, B.S., Alumni Coordinator Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary Beverly Rautenberg, B.A., Assistant to the Registrar Renee Rochon, Admissions Assistant Elizabeth L. Simon, Department Assistant Dorothy Slocum, Faculty Secretary Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary Dorothy Taber, Faculty Secretary Richard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction Department Lynette Williams, File Clerk �NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J .D ., Co-Director Jonathan M. Hyman, A.B., LL.B., Co-Director Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D., Staff Attorney Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney Nancy Ketzenberg, Legal Worker LIBRARY Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J .D., B.LS., Librarian Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department Stanley E. Horst, B.A., M.LS., Head, Technical Services and Administrative Assistant Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS., Head, Foreign and International Law Sections Milada Weber, Dr. Jur., M.S. in LS., Head, Classification and Cataloging Department Regina Wallen, B.A., M.S. in LS., Government Documents Librarian and Cataloger Gail S. Munden, B.A., M.S. in L.S., Serials Librarian Timothy S. Pyne, B.A., M.LS., Evening Circulation Librarian Barbara E. Zimmerman, B.A., Cataloger Amy Franke, Secretary Maria C. Chase, Reference Assistant and Head of Circulation Donald M. Liszewski, B.A., Reference Assistant in Charge of Stacks Selma Krahn, Cataloging Assistant Eugenia Weres, Cataloging Assistant George L. Lee, Library Assistant Marcelino P. Catuira, LLB., Cataloging Assistant Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant Frank J. Daniels, B.A., Reference Assistant Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant Martha Odell, B.A., Library Assistant PROGRAM IN LAW AND IBE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Director Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM Peter J . Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon), J.D., Director CALENDAR FOR 1974-75 1974 Sept. 4 Sept. 5 Nov. 27 Dec. 2 Dec. 21 Wed., 9:00 a .m. Thu., 8:30 a.m. Wed ., 5:55 p.m. Mon., 8 :30 a.m . Sat., noon Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thanksgiving recess begins Classes resume Classes end; Christmas recess begins Wed.-Sat./Mon.-Fri. Mon., 8:30 a.m. Sat., noon Mon., 8:30 a.m. Sat., noon Wed.-Sat./ Mon.-Sat. Sat. Examination period Second semester classes begin Spring recess begins Classes resume Classes end Examination period One Hundred and Seventeenth Annual Commencement 1975 Jan. 8-17 Jan. 27 March 22 March 31 May 17 May 21-31 June 14 SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m . to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday, and from 12 noon to 11 p.m. on Sunday. 65 �WHERE TO WRITE Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below to the specific Law School offices indicated: Office of Admissions Admission to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree: Applications, including applications to transfer Requests for forms or informatiori Recommendations Financial assistance information for candidates for the J.D. degree Combined J.D.-M.M. Program Registrar Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in a law school Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School Program in Law and the Social Sciences Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J.D. and a Ph.D. should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences Committee on Graduate Studies Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate fellowships Placement Service Placement of students and graduates Law Alumni Association Alumni affairs other than placement service For information on campus housing, write: Manager, Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 66 �ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES A total of 182 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled in the School of Law in 1973-74. Albion College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allegheny College . . . . . . . . . . American University . . . . . . . Amherst College . . . . . . . . . . . Augustana College . . . . . . . . . Ball State University . . . . . . . Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackburn College . . . . . . . . . Boston College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston University . . . . . . . . . . Bowdoin College . . . . . . . . . . . Brandeis University . . . . . . . . Brigham Young University .. Brown University . . . . . . . . . . California Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . California State . . . . . . . . . . . . University of California . . . . Calvin College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Carleton College . . . . . . . . . . . Carlow College . . . . . . . . . . . . Carnegie-Mellon . . . . . . . . . . . Case Western Reserve . . . . . . Ca tholic University . . . . . . . . Chaminade College . . . . . . . . Chicago State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Chicago . . . . . . Chicago Teachers College . . University of Cincinnati . . . . Christian Brothers College . . Claremont College . . . . . . . . . Clark College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleveland State University . . Colby College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Colorado . . . . . Columbia University . . . . . . . University of Connecticut . . Cornell College . . . . . . . . . . . . Creighton University . . . . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . Davidson College . . . . . . . . . . University of Dayton . . . . . . University of Delaware . . . . Denison University . . . . . . . . University of Denver . . . . . . De Paul University . . . . . . . . DePauw University . . . . . . . . Douglass College . . . . . . . . . . . Drake University . . . . . . . . . . University of Dubuque . . . . . Duke University . . . . . . . . . . . Eastman School of Music . . . Emery University . . . . . . . . . . Fairfield College . . . . . . . . . . . Florida State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fordham University . . . . . . . Georgetown University . . . . . George Washington . . . . . . . . University of Georgia . . . . . . Goucher College . . . . . . . . . . . Grinnell College . . . . . . . . . . . Guilford College . . . . . . . . . . . Hampton Institute . . . . . . . . . Hanover College . . . . . . . . . . . Harpur College . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard University . . . . . . . . 2 4 4 1 3 2 2 1 1 I 1 3 2 2 1 2 8 2 2 1 I 2 I I 2 6 I I I 2 1 1 I 3 I 2 4 1 5 I I I 5 2 8 3 I 2 I 3 I I I I 2 2 2 I 2 2 I I I I I University of Hawaii ...... . Hofstra University . . ...... . Holy Cross . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . . Hope College ....... . .. ... . Howard University ........ . Illinois Benedictine College Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Illinois . . .... . Illinois Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . Indiana University . . . . . . . . . Iona College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Iowa . . . . . . . . . Jamestown College . . . . . . . . . John Carroll University . . . . Johns Hopkins University . . Kalamazoo College . . . . . . . . . Kansas State College . . . . . . . University of Kansas . . . . . . . Kent State University . . . . . . University of Kentucky . . . . Kenyon College . . . . . . . . . . . . Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . Lincoln University . . . . . . . . . Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loyola University (Chicago) . Luther College . . . . . . . . . . . . Macalester College . . . . . . . . . MacMurray College . . . . . . . . Marquette University . . . . . . Marshall University . . . . . . . . Massachusetts Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Massachusetts. McPherson College . . . . . . . . University of Miami (Ohio) . University of Miami (Florida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan State . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Michigan ... .. University of Minnesota . . . . University of Missouri . . . . . Monmouth College . . . . . . . . Mundelein College . . . . . . . . . University of Nebraska . . . . . New College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of New Mexico . . Newcomb College . . . . . . . . . . New York University . . . . . . . New York (Buffalo) . . . . . . . . North Carolina State . . . . . . . University of North Carolina North Central College . . . . . Northern Illinois University . Northwestern University . .. . University of Notre Dame .. Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University . . . . . . University of Ohio . . . . . . . . . University of Oregon . . . . . . Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . . Pennsylvania State University University of Pennsylvania.. University of Pittsburgh . . . I 53 1 3 1 I 2 I I 4 I 3 I 2 1 I 2 3 2 2 11 2 3 2 4 I 2 3 I 7 I 3 28 I 2 I 3 3 I I I 2 I I I 2 5 68 15 3 3 4 3 I 4 7 2 Pomona College . . . . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . . Queens College . . . . . . . . . . . . R adcliffe College . . . . . . . . . . University of Redlands . . . . Reed College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Regis College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Rhode Island . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Rochester . . . . Rockford College . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt University . . . . . . . Rosary College . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Edward's College . . . . . . . St. Francis College . . . . . . . . . St. John's University (Minn.) St. Mary of Notre Dame . . . St. Mary of the Woods . . . . . St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . . . . St. Procopius College . . . . . . San Diego State College . . . . University of Santa Clara . . Sarah Lawrence College . . . . Shimer College . . . . . . . . . . . . Smith College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Illinois University. Southern Methodist University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stanford University . . . . . . . . State University of New York .... . .. . . . .. . . . Swarthmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syracuse University . . . . . . . . Texas Christian University. . Tougaloo University . . . . . . . Trinity College (Conn.) . . . . Trinity College (Wash. D.C.) Tufts University . . . . . . . . . . . Tulane University . . . . . . . . . Union College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utah State University . . . . . . University of Utah . . . . . . . . Valparaiso University . . . . . . Vanderbilt University . . . . . . Vassar College . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Vermont . . . . . Washington and Jefferson . . University of Washington . . Washington University (Mo.) Wayne State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . . Wells College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wesleyan University . . . . . . . Western Illinois University .. Western Kentucky University Western Michigan University Wheaton College (Ill.) . . . . . Williams College . . . . . . . . . . University of Wisconsin . . . . Wooster College . . . . . . . . . . . Xavier College . . . . . . . . . . . . Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . . Yeshiva College . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7 8 2 4 I I I I I 2 6 I 7 I I I I 2 I 3 2 I 2 I 2 I 7 I 9 6 I 2 I I 5 I 2 I I I I I I 5 I I I 7 2 I I 3 I I 3 3 4 9 I 2 5 I 67 �INDEX Abbott Hall, 10, 66 Academic regulations, 19 Administration, 63 Admission, 47 graduate study, 58 Alumni, 60 Application fee, 50, 59 Application procedures, 47, 52 Attendance, 19 Buildings, 6 Black Law Students Association, 46 Calendar, 65 Classes, 13 Classrooms, 7 Colleges and universities represented, 67 Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 18 Corporate Counsel Institute, 41 Course descriptions, 24 Course of instruction, 13 Course load, 20 Course numbering codes, 20 Curriculum, 21, 24; three-year, 17 Data assembly service, 47 Degrees, first, 20; graduate, 58 Endowed programs, 38 Enrollment, limited, 20 Examinations, 19 Expenses, 50, 59 Extended study program, 49 Facilities, 10 Faculty, 14, 63 Fees, 50, 59 Financial assistance, 52 Graduate fellowships, 59 Graduate study and degrees, 58 Graduation requirements, 19 Grants, 52 Health service, 11 Honor Code, 46 Honors and prizes, 37 Housing, 10, 66 International legal studies, 59 J.D .-M.M. program, 18 J .D .-Ph.D. program, 18 Joint degree program in Law/Social Sciences, 18 Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 37, 43 Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 45 Junior Bar Association, 45 Law Alumni Association, 62 Law and Social Sciences, 18 Law Review, 37, 44 Law School Admission Test, 47 68 Law Mates, 46 Legal Assistance Clinic, 41 Legal publications, 43 Legal writing skills, 16 Library, 7 Library Funds, 9 Linthicum Foundation Program, 41 Loans, 56 Location of campuses, 5 Medical service, 11 Methods of instruction, 14 Case method, 14 Problem method, 15 Clinical training and practice, 15 Seminars, 16 Legal writing skills, 16 Senior Research Program, 16 M .M .-J .D . combined program, 18 Moot Court, 45 Northwestern University Law Review, 37, 44 Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 63 Order of the Coif, 37 Ph.D.-J.D . combined program, 18 Placement, 60 Pre-legal study, 49 Publications, 43 Rebates, 51 Refunds, 51 Research assistantships, 46 Rosenthal Lectures, 38 Schedule, typical, 13 Scholarships, 52 School, the (history), 5 Seminars, 16, 22, 23 Senior Research Program, 16, 24 Sociolegal studies, 18 Student activities, 43 Student deposit account, 51 Student government, 45 Student health, 11 Student residence, 10, 66 Supplemental programs, 38 Corporate Counsel Institute, 41 Legal Assistance Clinic, 41 Linthicum Foundation Program, 41 Rosenthal Lectures, 38 Other endowed programs, 41 Three-year curriculum, 17 Transfer students, 48 Tuition, 50, 59 Visits to the School, 48 Voluntary legal services, 41 Women's Caucus, 46 Withdrawal, 51 �I. ! ~arble Buildi~;\:'.,°!~arch eu/lding ie oldt Hall (E . ,cal School) f~d Evening Ma~:nmg_ Divisions 6 M~ Mayer Hall ( CaersSProgram) 5 orm1ck Hall (Law w School) chool) 7 Thorne Hall (a . 8 Abbott Hall ( u~1torium) 9 ~esley_ Pavili~e~.'dJ~ce) 10 Pa:;a":Ial Hospital nhwestern Me ~nt Pavilion N 11 I monal Hospital, onhwestern nstttute of Psychiatry . Editors: Edward Hoyt p a Imer A • ssoc1ate 0 ean sther · werner E c Design: Lauretta Akkeron 12 Prentice Women' . 13 ~~~a~~!er~ity Ce~t~~sp,tal 14 Vetera~~t~~n _l~stitute 15 Medical A mm1stration A 16 Carriage Hssociates Office!search Hospital 17 Worcester ~use (residence) ouse (residence) �Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Philippians 4:8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">The School of Law, 1974-75</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin for the 1974-1975 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1974-1975 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1974] Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Chicago Campus Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop CONTENTS Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Curriculum Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Law Alumni Association Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Where Write Roster Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus Cover Stained Levy Hall Northwestern University' School Law Where David Dudley Field Law School LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Northwestern' School Law Law School Long Law School Law School Today Northwestern School THE SCHOOL Unlike Good There Jaw LOCATION OF fflE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop \ Chicago Here United States Court Appeals Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern Univer Living University Evanston Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management' Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University' Pick Staiger Concert Hall Foyer Gallery Fine Performing Arts Complex University Toward Eighties LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Superior Street Lake Shore Drive Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library School Dean James Rahl Owen Coon Chair Law Owen Coon Law University About Dean John Wigmore United States England School CLASSROOMS Law School Northwestern Lincoln Hall British House Commons School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation Northwestern Western Hemisphere 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Training Practice Courses Clinical Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thorne Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic Moot Court Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Law School Seminars Seminars Here Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before • Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Senior Research Program • Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under Because Law School University University African Senior Research Program Faculty Indeed Senior Research Program School' THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School Here Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law Moot Court ' Thereafter Law School Moreover Civil Liberties Constitutional Law Comparative Law Jurisprudence Perhaps School' JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES 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Practice Clinic COURSE NUMBERING Law School Evidence Civil Procedure Law School University Law School University Procedure Practice Criminal Law Torts Contracts Contract Consequences Property Family Structure Arrangements Business Structure Regulation Taxation Governmental Structure Function Admiralty International Law Foreign Law Social Issues Jurisprudence Legal Philosophy Legal History Required Elective Upperclass Upperclass Seminar Seminar Clinical Senior Research Where Civil Procedure II CURRICULUM FffiST YEAR COURSES FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Required Contracts Contracts Il Courses Constitutional Law Criminal Law Legal Profession Moot Court * Moot Court Property Torts Torts II Elective Criminal Procedure** Course** International Law** Law Social Change** Total • Moot Court One William Ruckelshaus Administrator Environmental Protection Agency SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Listed FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Accounting Admiralty Courses Administrative Law Offered Advanced Business Asso Partnerships Administrative Law Antitrust Law Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Clinical Trial Advocacy Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Commercial Paper Conflict Laws Conflict Laws Corporations Corporation Finance Criminal Procedure Debtor Creditor Relations Decedents' Estates Decedents' Estates Trusts Trusts II Economics Lawyers Environmental Law Equity Restitution Equity Restitution Damages Damages Evidence Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Federal Corporate Income Tax Income Tax Federal Estate Federal Estate Gift Taxation Gift Taxation Federal Individual Federal Individual Income Tax Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law Labor Law Law Racism Law Social Change Public Private Control Real Estate Acquisition Land Use Disposition Regulated Industries Secured Transactions State Local Scientific Evidence Government Trademarks Trade Identity Securities Regulations Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice Trial Practice II Trial Practice & II Welfare Litigation Women Law SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont' FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Civil Liberties Advanced Problems Seminars Constitutional Law Offered Class Actions Antitrust Law Policy Computers Law Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Evidence Criminal Evidence Criminal Law Current Problems Economic Development Empirical Research Political Modernization Law Employment Discrimination Estate Planning Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Federal Criminal Trial Practice Practice International Business Transactions Introduction Civil Law Food Drug Law Law Education Jurisprudence Law Psychiatry Law Ethics Law Common Market Law Psychiatry Legal Aspects Nation Building Africa Problems Law Medicine Problems Taxation Business Income Real Estate Development Urban Housing Problems Elective Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Courses Number Name Hours Course Course Credit Administrative Law International Protec Seminars Regulation Human Broadcasting Rights *** Advanced Problems Judicial Administrain Conflict Laws Juvenile Law Advanced Problems Securities Regu Labor Law Law Criminology African Law Law Poverty Comparative Law Law Ecology Global Environ Deceptive Trade Practices Legal History Economic Analysis Legislative Process Public Policy Research Urban Fiduciary Adminis Criminal Justice International State Local Antitrust Law Taxation Tax Policy International Organ ••• SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research Registrar' Office Director Research DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Second Semesters Messrs Barack Slater Elliott & Assistants Instruction / One After Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Moot Court Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr Spalding Among Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs Reese Waltz Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Reese Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Materials Mr Redish Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Haddad Miss Hughes Mr Waltz Materials Mr Haddad Miss Hughes Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materials Evidence Mr Waltz FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Redish Mr Reese History Supreme Court Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course Messrs Garland Geraghty First Second Semesters Training Students' Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division Trial ' Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Hanley Mr Stifler Circuit Court Cook County Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Materials TRIAL PRACTICE & II Course Second Semester Miss Hughes SELECTED PROBLEMS IN LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Waltz Consideration Substantial Prerequisites Evidence Materials COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Roberts & Sprowl Materials JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not CLASS ACTIONS Seminar First Semester Mr Reese Examination Consideration Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course Legal Clinic Staff First Semester Mr Hyman Co Required Legal Clinic Clinic Clinic Development Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Eovaldi Mr Geraghty Ms Geraghty Mr Hyman Mr Schoenfield Open Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Federal Defender Program United States Attorney' Office Better Government Association Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Prerequisite Clinical Practice Orientation Northwestern Legal Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Clinical Practice Orientation Preference Legal Clinic Clinic Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs Heinz Inbau Concepts Jaw Thompson Moenssens Cases Comments Criminal Law CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course Second Semester Messrs Haddad Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkman Cases Comments Criminal Procedure SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester Mr Inbau Scientific Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar Not CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Messrs Haddad & Inbau CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar First Semester Second Semester Mr Aspen Mr Bronner Materials CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar Second Semester Mr Haddad Mimeographed RESEARCH IN URBAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Seminar Not FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Garland Discussion Federal Courts Students Federal Defender Panel Classroom Federal Defender Program Classroom Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW TORTS Course First Semester Messrs Redish Slater Protection Prosser Wade Cases Materials Torts Mr Redish Materials Mr Slater TORTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Rosenblum Torts Torts Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS CONTRACTS Course First Semester Messrs Bennett Childres Study Statute Frauds Contractual Attention Uniform Commercial Code Materials CONTRACTS II Course Second Semester Messrs DuBose Freed Contracts Uniform Commercial Code Farnsworth & Honnold Commercial Law Mr DuBose Materials Mr Freed COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Freed Mr Chamberlin Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comment SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Hours First Semester Mr Gordon Secured Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester Mr Chamberlin Basics Keeton Insurance Law Basic Text Keeton Case Supplement Basic Text Insurance Law EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course First Semester Second Semester Mr DuBose Mr Childres Materials Mr DuBose Childres Equity Restitution Damages Cases Materials Mr Childres DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course Second Semester Mr Eovaldi Particular Outline Federal Bankruptcy Act Consideration Chapter XIII Bankruptcy Act Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Course First Semester Messrs Gordon Schuyler Introduction Historical Shelley' Casner Leach Cases Text Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Miss Hughes Mr Kennedy Materials PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester Mr Spalding On On Spalding Cases Materials Uses Environment ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course First Semester Mr D'Amato Problem Emphasis Materials INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course Second Semester Messrs Lungmus & Tilton Survey Multilithed URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester Mr Tucker Study Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Second Semester Mr Goldman David Urban Land Development SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY FAMILY LAW Course Second Semester Mr Beckstrom Paulson Wadlington Goebel Cases Domestic Relations DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester Messrs Beckstrom Chamberlin Intestate Materials Mr Beckstrom Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts Mr Chamberlin DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester Mr Schuyler Prerequisite DecedentJ' Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Second Semester Messrs Fleming & Kirby Mr Fleming Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federal Corporate Income Tax Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs Barack Kennedy Attention Cary Cases Materials Corporations ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr Brady Principles Open Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Rahl Mr Slater Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Mr Hillman Smith Merrifield & St Antoine Labor Relations Law Cases Materials TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs Hilliard & Pattishall Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Pattishall Hilliard Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course Not REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course First Semester Mr Rosenblum Examination American Materials Emphasis Materials · SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr Hilliker Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisite Corporation Finance Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Mr Barack Securities Act Materials ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporation Finance Materials BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporation Finance Federal Corporate Income Taxation Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Burditt & Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Goodrich Cases Materials Food Drug Law EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar Mr Freed Second Semester Emphasis Students Classroom Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Not ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Messrs Rahl Second Semester & Slater Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law Materials LABOR LAW Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Materials Mr Thompson FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Volume Mr Kirby Mr Thompson STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course Not FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Subchapter Selecting Prerequisite Federal Individual Income Tax Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Wolfman Federal Income Taxation Business Enterprise Mr Thompson PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Second Semester Mr Thompson There Prerequisites Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Corporate Income Tax Materials TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs D'Amato Nathanson Materials Mr D'Amato Gunther Dowling Cases Material Constitutional Law Mr Nathanson Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor School ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Messrs Nathanson & Rosenblum Second Semester Mr Bennett Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Messrs Nathanson Rosenblum Materials Mr Bennett STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Mrs Netsch Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course Not ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Not ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Hours Second Semester Messrs Gordon & Nathanson Supreme Court So Supreme Court Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr Nathanson Intensive Consideration Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney Bases Leech Oliver & Sweeney International Legal System CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr MacChesney Second Semester Mr Nekam Enforcement Brief Materials Mr MacChesney Reese Rosenberg Cases Conflict Laws Mr Nekam ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy & Sharpe Cases Admiralty COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar Not INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Schwerin Studies Anglo American Continental Selected Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar Not LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION BUILDING AFRICA Seminar Second Semester Mr Beckstrom African Westernization Both Western Anglo American Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr Barack American American Materials i mE LAW OF mE COMMON MARKET Seminar Second Semester Mr Nicholson European Economic Community Written Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions Atlantic Area INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar Not INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Seminar Not LAW ECOLOGY AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Seminar Not INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LAW Seminar Not ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Messrs Heinz Hillman Consideration Specific Materials ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS Course Second Semester Mr Schweinitz out Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course Not WELFARE LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Bennett Proposals Prerequisite Civil Procedure Materials LAW AND RACISM Course Second Semester Instructor United States Community Materials WOMEN AND THE LAW Course Second Semester Instructor Materials • CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester Mr Eovaldi Specific Model Consumer Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code Report National Commission Consumer Finance Multilithed ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Mr Schweinitz Materials ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Not LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar Second Semester Mr Rosenblum Analysis United States Materials PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar Second Semester Mr Waltz Selected Waltz Wadlington Problems Law Medicine LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar First Semester Mr DuBose Second Semester Mr Schneider Both Besides ' Materials JUVENILE LAW Seminar Not EMPIRICAL RESEARCH Seminar Second Semester Mr Jacob SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES LEGAL HISTORY Course Not JURISPRUDENCE Seminar Second Semester Mr Nekam Problems Legal Materials LAW AND ETHICS Seminar First Semester Mr D'Amato Frankena Ethics Wasserstrom Morality Law Devlin Enforcement Morals Wasserstrom War Morality Rachels Moral Problems SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF Order Coif Northwestern Northwestern Order Coif THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern University Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Second Journal Criminal Law Criminology WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Selection THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Income Frank Lowden Class Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Law School AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE WARDS American Jurisprudence INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Prentice Hall Inc Federal Tax Guide Federal Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute' Trial Practice Institute National Moot Court Competition SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School' Law School Others School THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent Their School Rosenthal Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc United Nations United Nations Adlai Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations Mr Stevenson International Relations International Law John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University Adolf Berle Jr Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Oscar Schachter Studies United Nations Institute Training Research UNITAR Rosenthal Lectures Revolution Harcourt Brace James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourt Circuit Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press Rt Rev James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States Participants Max Freedman William Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University Northwestern University Press Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press Judge Carl McGowan Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law Arthur Goldberg Justice Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press Willard Wirtz Law School Faculty United States Secretary Labor Labor Law Northwestern University Press Perspectives Justice Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University Northwestern University Press Equitable Sharing World Resources Oscar Schachter Director Studies United Nations Institute Training Research Former Director General Legal Division United Nations Northwestern University Press THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School American European Foundation Qumber Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation William Cary John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Walsh Fund Edwin Walsh Class Law School Albert Kocourek Fund Albert Kocourek Law School Warren Buckley Fund Warren Buckley Class Law School LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc Field Foundation Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Woods Charitable Fund Inc Legal Clinic Program Law School Northwestern University Chicago Third Rules Supreme Court Illinois CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually Northwestern Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Illinois Institute Continuing Legal Education Institute United States Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln STUDENT ACTIVITIES Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School School United States Students One Law School Law School Law Recollections Alumnus Class Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Univ Law Review Selection Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal While Journal Members After Journal Those Annual Legal Publications / Faculty Ball Game Supreme Court Supreme Court Review Northwestern University Law Review One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review University Chicago University Illinois Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Made Judge Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Justice Arthur Goldberg Justices Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall Potter Stewart Byron White William Rehnquist Supreme Court United States Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All Junior Bar Association United States Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist Julius Miner Moot Court Law School Law School BA Law Day University Outstanding School JBA Speakers Program JBA Social HONOR CODE Law School' Honor Code Junior Bar Association Honor Code ' Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association Council Code Law School Law School THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS Women' Caucus Law School Caucus School Extended Study Program Women' Caucus Weekly Caucus Caucus BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association Law 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Thompson Mrs Floyd Thompson Mrs Goff Beach Jr Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs Edna Williams Virgil Day Scholarship Fund Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr Dean Law School School Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund Mrs Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean' Law Alumni Scholarship Fund School Ware Scholarship Mrs Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship Frederic De Young LLB LLD Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs Herbert University School Law Illinois Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund Anna Louise Raymond Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright Income Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund Elmer Smith City Products 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Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr Class Mr Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve Federation Law School Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship Mrs Harold Hoon Wo Wong Law School Class Income Hawaii Dean School Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund Orville Taylor Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship Oswald Deller Adele Rabino Deller Class John Henry Wigmore Income Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships Weymouth Kirkland Chicago Recipients Illinois Indiana Iowa Michigan Wisconsin Selection Weymouth Kirkland Foundation East Randolph Drive Floor Chicago Illinois Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship Chicago Bar Foundation Northwestern Chicago Dean LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs Raymond Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr Hodes' Northwestern University' Income Protection Student Loan Program University Federally Insured Student Loan Program Further Office Admissions State Guaranteed Loan Program Joans Information Illinois Bar Foundation Specific Office Admissions GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES Law School One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies Experience English English Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL Doctor Juridical Science Master Laws LL Master Laws University Also School Students Graduate Committee ' Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Doctor Juridical Science Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University' Chicago GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States Normally Fellowships Old Northwestern uThe Counsellor' Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School' School PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Placement Placement Service While Placement Service Law School' Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working After Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Northwestern Its United States Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni Graduating Law School' Placement Service United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago Governor Dale Bumpers Arkansas Alumni Association THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School' Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School Moot Court American Bar Association Chicago OFFICERS Earl Pollock Patrick O'Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Henry Kenoe Patrick O'Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Richard Trenkmann Earl Pollock Richard Flynn Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson Laurence Oliphant Jr Norman Sevin James Henderson Paul Ziffren BOARD OF DIRECTORS Milton Fisher Hon Julius Hoffman William Jordan George Keane William McKittrick Richard Trenkman Franklin Chanen Jerome Ettelson Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Esther Kegan Richard Jenkins Hon Cecil Partee Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro William Brady John Crown Francis McConnell James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Carol Thigpen Ronald Kennedy Edwin Wack Robert Oxtoby Richard Kelly Charles Lawrence OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack William Kerr Arthur Schmehling John Fields David Mintzer Oglesby Paul Jim Carleton Laurence Nobles William Thigpen Roscoe Miller Payson Wild Harry Wells LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding Edward Palmer Thomas Edmonds Thomas Eovaldi Donald Hilliker Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John Beckstrom Robert Bennett William Chamberlin Robert Childres Anthony D'Amato Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr Thomas Eovaldi Freed Norman Garland Diane Crawford Geraghty Thomas Geraghty Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen Goldberg Steven Goldman Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Donald Hilliker Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Professor Law Jonathan Hyman Fred Inbau Rene Joliet Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Leon Liddell Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Francis Spalding Samuel Thompson Jr Jon Waltz LECTURERS Hon Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence William Brady James Bronner George Burditt Austin Fleming Robert Hanley David Hilliard Herbert Jacob Helen Hart Jones Henry Kenoe John Lungmus Abner Mikva Thomas Nicholson Beverly Pattishall Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro James Sprowl John Stifler Elaine Teigler Merrill Thompson Food Drug Law Timothy Tilton Robert Tucker Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Michael Elliott Roxane Cayaloff Carolyn Cozad Kevin Egan Brent Gregory Walter Jones Ronald Lane Alan Levow Robert Mattson Jeffrey Pennell Joel Perzov James Singer Barry Wolfson Curtis Woods Pat Alexander Veena Bhatia Pat Brandt Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Darlene DeGrazio Janet Dudek Kiyoko Fujiu Mary Ann Hoffman DeWitt Jackson Genevieve Johnson Lisa Jolley Dona Laketek Bernice LeBeau Nancy Maxwell Sarah Mingo Dorothy Morton Jeanne Nowell Krystyna Obuchowicz Beverly Rautenberg Renee Rochon Elizabeth Simon Dorothy Slocum Francine Spearman Dorothy Taber Richard Wieczorek Lynette Williams NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty Jonathan Hyman Diane Crawford Geraghty Mark Schoenfield Nancy Ketzenberg Barbara Zimmerman Amy Franke Maria Chase Donald Liszewski Selma Krahn Eugenia Weres George Lee LIBRARY Leon Liddell Elaine Teigler Stanley Horst Marcelino Catuira Rosita Ramos Frank Daniels Marta Olszanska Martha Odell Marta Pryjma Milada Weber Regina Wallen Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair Gail Munden Timothy Pyne CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS COMBINED M PROGRAM Peter Barack WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Office Admissions Admission Applications Requests Recommendations Financial Combined Program Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Ph Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Administration Admission Alumni Application Application Attendance Buildings Black Law Students Association BLSA Calendar Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined M Program Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Degrees Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing International M Ph Joint Law/Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Social Sciences Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Mates Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Legal Library Library Funds Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program D Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph Placement Pre Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Schedule Scholarships School Seminars Senior Research Program Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Assistance Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Three Transfer Tuition Visits School Voluntary Women' Caucus Withdrawal Levy Hall McCormick Hall Thorne Hall Abbott Hall Philippians https://plrccollections.org/files/original/ca6733167a8584bd91ef87b951026a0c.pdf f93ce7e24dd68c9ce2ca51f28d3f5354 PDF Text Text THE SCHOOL OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1973-74 ��THE SCHOOL OF LAW ACADEMIC YEAR 1973-74 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago, Illinois �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop. 2 �CONTENTS Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Tuition, Fees, and Expenses .. . . . . .. ....... . . ... . . ... 55 Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Register of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Index ... . . . ... . . . . ..... . . . .. . .. ...... . . ... .. . ... 68 Map of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover 3 �WHERE TO WRITE Address all Law School mail to : Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below to the specific Law School offices indicated: Office of Admissions Admission to the regular session for students seeking the J .D. degree: Applications, including applications to transfer Requests for forms or information Recommendations Financial ass istance information for candidates for the J.D . degree Registrar Admission to Summer School for those a lready enrolled in a law school Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School Program in Law and the Social Sciences App licants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J .D. and a Ph.D . should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences Committee on Graduate Studies Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate fellowships Placement Service Placement of students and graduates Law Alumni Association Alumni affairs other than placement service For informa tion on campus housing, write: Manager, Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. Roscoe Miller. M.D .. LLD .. Sc.D .. LH.D .. Cha11cellor Robert H. Strotz. Ph.D .. Preside11t of the U11i l"l'l"Sity William S. Kerr. Vice -Preside11t and Busi11ess /l,fa11ager Arthur T. Schmehling, C.P .A ., Vice -President a11d Co11troller John E. Fields, M.B.A ., Vice -Presiden t for De 1·e/op111e11t Raymond W. Mack, Ph.D., Vice -Preside11t a11d Dea11 of Faculties David Mint zer, Ph.D ., Vice-President for R esearch a11d Dea11 of Science Jim G. Carleto n, Ph.D. , Vice -President for S111de11t Affairs Laurence H. Nobles, Ph.D. , Dea11 of Ad111i11istratio11 Wi lliam H . Thigpen , J.D. , Ge11eral Cou11se/ Payson S. Wi ld, Ph.D .. LLD., Litt.D .. Pro1·ost Emeritus Harry L. Wells, B.S., LL.D., Vice-President Eme ritus LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James A. Rah l, B.S. , J.O. , Dean Francis 0. Spa lding, B.A. , J.D., Associate Dean . John H. Beckstrom, B.A. , J.D. , LLM. , Assista11 t Dea11 Thomas N. Ed monds, M.B.A. , Assistant Dean Edward H. Palmer, LLB .. Assistant Dean Kurt Schweri n, M.S.Sc .. B.S. in L.S., Ph.D. , Librarian (until Decembe r 31 , 1973) Leon M. Lidde ll , B.A. , J.D. , B.LS. , Libraria11 (effective January 1, 1974) FACULTY Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Oxon.), J.D. , Assisto11t Professor of LalV John H. Beckstrom, B.A ., J.D ., LLM., Professor of La IV a11d Assistant Dean Robert W. Bennett, B.A .. LLB., Associate Professor of Law Barbara A. Ca ulfield. B.S., J .0., In structor i11 Law William C. Chamberlin , A.B., M.A., Ph.D. , LLB ., Associate Professor of Law Robe rt Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor of Law (on leave 1973-74) D iane Crawford, B.A .. M.A., J.D .. lnstruclor i11 La\V Anthony A. O'Amato, A.B ., LL.B ., Ph.D .. Professor of LalV (on leave 1973-74) Karl de Schwe ini tz, B.A ., Ph.D., Professor of Eco11omics a11d LalV Eugene Z. DuBose , Jr., A.B ., J.D., Assista111 Professor of Law T hom as L Eovald i, B.S ., LLB .. Professor of Law Norm an M. Gar land, B.S., J .D. , LL.M ., Associate Professor of Law Thomas F. Geraghty. A.B .. J.D ., Visiti11g Assista11t Professor of Law a11d Acti11g CoDirector, Northwestern Legal Assistance Cli11ic Steven Goldman, A.B .. LL.B., Associate Professor of Law (on leave 1973-74) Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D. , Professor of Law James B. Haddad, B.A. , J .D ., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law (on lea ve 1973-74) Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LL.B. , LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus John P. Heinz, A.B., LLB. , Professor of Law and Director of R esearch Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J .D .. Professor of Law Jonath an M. Hyman , A.B ., LL.B ., Visit ing Assista11t Professor of Law a11d Acti11g CoDirector. N orthll"estern Legal Assista11ce Cli11ic Fred E. Inb au. B.S .. LL.B. , LL.M., Professor of Law Yancy N. Kirby , A.B., LLB. , Professor of Law Leon M. Liddell , B.A. , J.D. , B.L.S .. Libraria11 (effective Ja nua r y I. 1974) a11d Professor of Law Brunson MacChes ney, B.A., J .D ., Ed11a B. and Ed11yfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of Law a11d Director of Graduate Studies Nathaniel L. Na thanson, B.A ., LLB .. S.J .D .. Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Alexander Nekam, LLB ., J .U .D ., S.J.D., Professor of La\V Dawn C lark Netsch. B.A .. J .D., Professor of Law James A. Rahl. B.S .. J.D .. Dean a11d Professo r of Law Martin H . Redi sh. A.B .. J.D .. Assista111 Professor of La1t• Harry B. Ree se, B.A. , LLB .. Professo r of Law John Ritchi e, B.S., LL.B. , J .S.D ., Dea11 Emeritus 011J Joh n He11 ry Wigm ore Professor of Law Emeritus William R. Roa lfe. LLB., LLD., Professor of L{/11· Emeritus Victor G . Rosenblum, LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of Law 5 �David S. Ruder , B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law Daniel M. Schuyler, B.A., J .D ., Professor of Law Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., Ph.D., Librarian (until December 31, 1973) and Professor of Law Emeritus Paul E. Slater, B.A ., J.D. , Assistant Professor of Law Francis 0. Spalding, B.A. , J .D., Professor of Law and Associate Dean Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A. , M.A ., J.D., LL.M., Assistant Professor of Law . Thomas N. Todd , B.A. , LL.B ., Assistant Professor of Law and Assistant Director, Center for Urban Affairs Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LL.B. , Professor of Law LECTURERS Hon . Marvin E. Aspen , B.S.L. , J.D. , Lecturer 011 Criminal Evidence Theodore Berger, B.S. , LL.B., Lecturer 011 Decedents' Estates and Trusts William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting , / James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LL.M., L ecturer 0 11 Criminal Evidence George M. Burditt, A .B., LL.B., L ecturer on Food and Drug Law Robert F. H anley, B.S., J.D., Lect urer on Trial Practice David C. Hilliard , B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on Trademarks Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L. , J.D., Lecturer on Legal Clinic John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Int ellectual Property Abner J. Mikva, J.D ., L ect urer 0 11 Legislative Process Thomas L. Nicholson, B.A. , J.D ., Lecturer on the La w of th e Common Market Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., L ecturer 011 Trademarks Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer 011 Comp uters and the Law Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D. , Lecturer 0 11 Law and Psychiatry Haro ld D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and Partn erships Ja mes A. Sprowl , B.S. , J .D. , Lecturer 0 11 Computers and th e Law John G. Stifler, A.B., LLB. , Lecturer 0 11 Trial Practice Merrill S. Thompson, A.B. , LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law Timothy L. Tilton, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property Robert L. Tucker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Urban Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Richard Kurt Lewis, B.A. (Oxon.) 6 ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Arthur R. Abelson, B.S. Robert C. Bramlette, Jr., B.B.A. M ark P. Cohen, B.A. Lyle S. Gritchen, B.S. Michael F . Hertz, B.S. Barbara B. Lounsbury, B.A. Christopher D. Newman, B.A . Arnold A. Pagniucci, B.A . Gary S. Saipe, B.A. Rich ard G. Smolev, B.A. Harvey R . Sorensen, B.A. William A. Streff, Jr., B.S . Alan J . Wolf, B.A. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Veena Bhatia, Secretary, Legal Publications Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Lega l Publications Harriet G. C hrist iansen, Secretary, Legal Publications Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary Doris Dodge, Faculty Secretary J anet Dudek, B.A. , Secretary to the Associate Dean Kiyoko Fujiu , B.A. , Secretary to the Director of Admissions Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean Lisa Jolley, Secretary to the Assistant Dean Dona M. Laketek, B.A. , Admissions Counse lor Bernice F. LeBeau, B.S. , Research Secretary Nancy M axwell , B.A. , Registrar Sarah Mingo, Admissions Assistant Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary Mike Re , Assistant, R ep roduction Department Shelley Shenfield, Admissions Assistant Elizabeth L. Simon, Administrative Aide and Financial Secretary Janet L. Sites, B.A., Administrative Assistant and Alumni Secretary Dorothy Slocum, Faculty Secretary Deborah Thomas, Faculty Secretary Cynthia Thornburg, B.S. , Department Assistant and Placement Secretary Rich ard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction Department Elizabeth Zurawski, B.A. , Assistant to th e R egistrar NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Acting Co- Director Jonath an M. Hyman , A.B. , LLB ., Acting Co-Director Barba ra A. Ca ulfield, B.S. , J.D ., Staff Attorney Diane Crawford, B.A ., M.A., J.D., Staff Attorney Nancy Ketzenberg, Legal Worker �LIBRARY Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS. , Ph.D., Librarian (until December 31 , 1973) Leon M. Liddell , B.A. , J.D., B.LS. , Librarian (effective January I , 1974) Elaine E. Teigler, B.S. , M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head, R eaders' Services Department Stanley E. Horst, B.A., M.LS. , Head, Technical Services and Administrative Assistant Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS. , Head, Foreign and Internationa l Law Sections Milada Weber, Dr. Jur. , M.S. in LS., Head, Classification and Cataloging Department Dorothy Klofkorn, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian Regina Wallen, B.A., M.S. in LS., Government Documents Librarian and Cataloger Gail S. Munden , B.A., M .S. in LS. , Serials Librarian Barbara E. Zimmerman , B.A. , Cataloger Amy Franke, Secretary Maria C. Chase, Reference Assistant in Charge of Circulation Donald M. Liszewski, B.A., R eference Assistant in Charge of Stacks Selma Krahn , Cataloging Assistant Euge nia Weres, Cataloging Assistant George L Lee, Library Assistant Marcelino P. Catuira, Cataloging Assistant Rosita C. Rai:nos, B.S .E., Cataloging Assistant Frank J. Daniels, B.A., Library Assistant NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR LEGAL SERVICES Mary Ader, LLB., LLM. , Acting Directo r Robert W. Bennett, B.A. , LLB. , Faculty Advisor Sharon P. Data, B.A. , J.D., Staff AttorneyLibrarian Maxine Bailin , Order Departm ent Coordinator Earnestene Beavers, Library Assistant Shelleen Franklin, Order Department Assistant Bernice Kessler, Administrative Secretary Rosie M. Kin g, Clerical Secretary Georgiana Mathisen, Bookkeeper PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB. , Ph .D. , Director Mae C lair, Administrative Secretary COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM Peter J . Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon) , J .D ., Director CALENDAR FOR 1973-74 1973 Nov. 21 Wed., 9 a.m. Thu ., 8 :30 a .m. Wed., 5 :55 p .m. Nov. 26 Dec. 21 Fri., 5 :55 p.m. Classes resume Classes close; Christmas recess begins Mon .-Sat./Mon .- Wed. Mon ., 8 :30 a .m. Examination period Second semester classes begin Sat., noon Spring recess begins Mon., 8:30 a.m. Classes resume Classes close Examination period One Hundred and Sixteenth Annual Commencement Sept. 5 Sept. 6 Mon ., 8:30 a.m . Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thanksgiving recess begins 1974 Jan. 7- I 6 Jan. 21 Apr. 6 Apr. 15 May 10 May 15-24 June 15 Fri ., 5 :55 p.m. Wed.-Sat./ Mon .-Fri . Sat. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 :30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term . The Law School buildings are open to students from 7 :30 a.m,, to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 8 :30 a.m. to 5: 15 p.m . on Saturday, and from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. on Sunday. 7 ��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, Se ptember 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN The first law school in its state and region and one of the oldest in the nation, Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century it has been dedicated to the education of men and women for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with approximately 550 students seeking their first degree in law. A faculty of substantial size gives the School a student-professor ratio which is among the three or four lowest to be found among leading law schools. The result is to permit a close working relationship between student and teacher, fostering professional training of the highest order and an opportunity for the development of each student's unique capabilities. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Good professional training requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration and arrangements conducive to informal interchange between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of Jaw with an appreciation for the finest traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage the student will share. LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the business center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for ~tudent visits, are located the offices of federal , state, and municipal governments, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University, where several large buildings house the Medical School and the Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall , containing an 800-seat auditorium and housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic; Abbott Hall , the 18-story student residence for the men and women enrolled in the professional schools ; and hospitals which 9 �are members of the McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,500 full-time undergraduate students and 2,500 graduate students are enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban Evanston . The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for courses and seminars, general library resources, cultural activities, and athletic events, has been the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship , and research. The $ 12-million University Library, key academic facility of the First Plan , opened in I 970. Other new facilities are the Norris University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, 0 . T. Hogan Biological Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building (the communicative disorders center), Nathaniel Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of Management's new headquarters on the Evanston campus), School of Education Building, Rebecca Crown Center (the University's administration building) and new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall and Foyer-Gallery, part of a planned Fine and Performing Arts Complex, is scheduled for completion in 1975. Th~ University recently announced a new $177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward the Eighties." The major thrust of the campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for current and future educational operations ; some $49 million is being sought for a building program. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H . Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a handsome garden which is frequently used for open-air discussions and study. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of 10 Dean James A. Rahl �the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England , and abroad , are hung about the School to illustrate the people and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. The design of Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was suggested by that of the British House of Commons. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and third years meet here, numbering typically from 10 to 15 students, seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For instruction in trial and appellate practice, the School has a fully-equipped, modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates actual criminal and civil trials conducted occasionally by courts sitting in Illinois and is used heavily for the teaching of trial practice. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential for effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination , the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. In its collection of more than 310,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law li braries in the Western Hemisphere. Even more important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into do zens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors , with the addit ion of a number of individual �carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Inc luded on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon the expert full-time staff of 18 if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. 12 The Law School Library's Anglo-American collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language .. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, and government, and includes a special collection on law and the social sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. About one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the interna tion al organizations, the international courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic documents, treatises, and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public and private internation al law . Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition , the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are �the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than 500 original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L Shaw (LLB. , 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational , and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and to practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection almost twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As a practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main r~ading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to a general University appropriation , the Law School Library is supported by a number of special endowments. The largest endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H . Gary (LLB ., 1867), then Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation , and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LLB., I 909). In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established . Barnet Hodes (LLB., 1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LLB., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965 established the Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks. The Philip A . Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H. Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made a substantial grant for the establishment of a collection on urban affairs. Two gifts to the Law School in 1970 provided for the purchase of books for the library. A substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection , and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams increased the library's endowment fund. In I 97 1, the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore , in memory of the late Professor Robert Wyness Millar. The income from this fund is to be used for the purchase of books. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided an endowment in 1972 for the purchase of books, materials, and equipment, known as the '' Edwin E. and Kitty M . Perkins Library Fund." 13 �OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty , there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden Hall , named for the first of several of the School 's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are available to students and faculty during the morning hours. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. Separate offices are provided for student activities, including the Junior Bar Association, the Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the JBA Bookstore. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student can concentrate time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, 18 stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement contain common rooms for social and recreational purposes; the upper 16 have private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors . The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the Plan al a typical residential floor in- Abbott Hall 14 �same part of the city. For the academic year 1973-74, the room rates range from $400-$560 per person per room. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and cold foods are also available in the vending canteen on the second floor. Students may pay cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign board contracts. Students who choose the contract plan get 17 meals per week and have the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals. The cost of a school year board contract is $645. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October I, January I, and April I. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room application, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Two types of married student housing are available: efficiency ( one room) apartments ranging from $125-140 per month, including utilities; and one-bedroom apartments ranging from $160-$200 per month, including utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH Entering students are required to present records of recent physical examination. The Student Health Service for all students in schools on the Chicago campus is located in the Montgomery Ward Building, Room 2-009 , of the Medical School. Available medical services and a limited hospital insurance are described in the Student Health Bulletin which each student receives upon initial registration. Supplemental hospital insurance, necessary to provide more complete coverage of hospital costs of students and their dependents, is available at nominal rates. The clinic is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health Service bulletin board. In an emergency , a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room a t Passavant Pavillion of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Students are liable for the payment of medical expenses incurred in the hospital emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient departments on unauthorized visits. An unauthorized visit is one which has not had the prior approval of the Health Service excepting, of course, when circumstances of time or physical condition make this impracticable. Students are also liable for the full payment of other medical expense incurred without prior approval of the Director of Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond those provided by the Health Service are advised as indicated, but are the financial responsibility of the students. ��"[Here the) teaching will ... give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem that comes to the lawyer, is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his or her way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as mind and industry will carry. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that day is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full -time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but with topics such as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law with modern correctional theories, and with more and more is concerned with psychiatry, 17 �protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow-plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his or her professional life. Within the limits of the possible, education in that brief span must be for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Consumer Protection Comparative Law, and Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from 10 to 15 students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon �the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experiences of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to revert to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional life-think, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his or her analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, the student or one of his classmates is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he or she takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows . Clinical Training and Practice Courses Clinical training and practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day when there were no law schools 19 �and the lawyer trained for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time, and is now developed in clinical programs and courses supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne Hall, next door to the Law School, students working under faculty supervision gain practical experience in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents in a wide variety of cases, both civil and criminal. Students also assist the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials and, under the rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education. During the first year, all students are instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue the case, opposed hy a fellow student, under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to its end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in pre-trial preparation, examining witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to a jury. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do in court. Much of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers several courses in which the student is called upon to solve client problems and draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. 20 Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields . Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from 10 to 15, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research and analysis for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Legal Writing Skills Every student is offered the opportunity during his Law School career to develop his writing skills. In the first year, he is required to take a course which provides supervised experience in written communication with particular reference to the field of law. In his second and third years, he gains further experience in supervised writing. Before graduation each student completes one or more of the following: • Editorial work meeting established standards on the Northwestern University Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology or the Clearinghouse Review. • Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. • Participation in the Senior Research Program. • Enrollment in a seminar which requires presentation of preliminary and revised drafts which receive careful editorial criticism prior to submission of the final draft of the paper. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a student with faculty approval may elect to devote as many as 12 credit-hours- almost half of his third year-to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. During his second �year a student interested in this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field , and who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the curriculum , the student may arrange his schedule to include Law School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening his powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources, including other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits, with careful advance planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world. For example, since 1969 faculty-student teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in several African nations as a part of the Senior Research Program. Faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time to the research, discussion, and critique necessary to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant-not only in substance but also in working relationship-than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. A number of joint books and articles have been published as a result. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning st udents enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. During the first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in which the lawye r's basic tools and the firstyea r student's individual problems in dealing with them are under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is avai lable in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a degree of concentration by the student wishing it. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context . For example, questions of criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional Law may be studied in a sem inar on Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling the sections at 21 �different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the student to select virtually any combination of elective courses he wishes in his last two years. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Science Foundation , Northwestern in 1970 began an integrated joint degree program leading to both the J .D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences. For the student to earn both degrees, a minimum of five years of work is required, including four years of courses and a dissertation year. The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as a professional, both in law and in social science. The graduates of this program will qualify for admission to the Bar and will be competent to practice law . They will also be full y trained in both the theory and methods of social science, and will be experienced in field research on legal systems. In the initial, experimental phase, the 22 program will admit approximately five carefully selected students per year. Applicants interested in this program may write for further information to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences, Northwestern University , 357 E. Chicago Ave., Chicago , Ill. 60611 . THE COMBINED M.M.-J.D. PROGRAM A student may earn the Master of Management (M .M.) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if he enrolls in both the Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five years of study. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester-hours in the School of Law, 3:n additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate School of Management. Similarly, the M .M. may be earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for 6 course units being given for work completed in the School of Law. Joint credit is given, however, only to those enrolled in the program. The precise order in which work is taken �William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture. may be determined individually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one school and a full year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both law and management during the third or fourth years. Every participant, however, must complete one academic year of study exclusively in each school before enrolling for a program of courses in both schools. An applicant to the combined degree program should apply separately to each of the schools, following procedures prescribed by each school. To qualify for the combined program, an applicant must be admitted to both schools. After admission, the applicant must signify which school he wishes to attend first. A student already enrolled in one school may apply for the combined program by seeking admission to the other school during his first year of study in the School of Management or during either his first or second year of study in the School of Law. A student in the combined program may be considered for financial assistance separately by each school for the first year he is enrolled in that school and by both schools during the time he is taking courses in both schools. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third years must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third-year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in ·legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although 23 �examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative ac hievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminars, examinations are not ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar disc ussions . With the permission of the Dean, students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may take the next regul arly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS To be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete and earn credit in the 15 semester-hours of th e first semester; the remaining 12 semester-hours of req uired first-year courses; and at least 63 se mester hours of elective work ; in not less than six or more than seven semesters in residence. After the first semes ter, in order to remain in good standing the student must earn sat isfactory grades ( Honors , Satisfactory or Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed. For graduation purposes, sa tisfactory grades must be earned in two-thirds of the credit hours completed after the first semes ter, but hours of unsatisfactory but pass in g credit (graded Pass) may be offset by hours of Honors. In addition, before gradu at ion the student must complete at least one of the following: • A Senior Research project. • Participation according to established standards in the work of the Law Review, the Journal of Crim inal Law and Criminology, or the Clearinghouse Review. • Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition during the second year and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team during the third year. • Participation in a seminar in which the student submits preliminary and revised drafts for criticism by the instructor prior to submission of the final paper. Although the faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an 24 undue burden upon an enrolled student who has pl anned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third yea rs. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he or she must have satisfied the faculty as to character, and the student must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he or she is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described under Graduation Requirements above. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned at Northwestern. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, ,nagna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opinion of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School �cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar or Trial Practice course can be accommodated . COURSE NUMBERING Each Law School curricular offering is assigned a seven or eight-digit number as follows: 01 - 320 - 74 Evidence 01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I (The Law School code within the University is 13; it is used to precede course numbers only where necessary to distinguish Law School courses from offerings of other schools of the University.) The first two digits identify broad fields of study, as follows: 01 Procedure and Practice 02 Criminal Law 03 Torts 04 Contracts and Contract Consequences 05 Property 06 Family Structure and Arrangements 07 Business Structure and Regulation 08 Taxation 09 Governmental Structure and Function 10 Admiralty, International Law, and Foreign Law 1 1 Social Issues 12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and Legal History The next three ( or four) digits identify the particular course. The first of these three digits also identifies level and place in the curriculum , as follows : 100 Required first-year course 200 Elective course open to first-year students 300 Upperclass elective course without prerequisites 400 Upperclass elective course with prerequisite ( s) 500 Seminar without prerequisites 600 Seminar with prerequisite(s) 700 Clinical course 800 Senior Research 900 (reserved) Where a course is a part of a subject sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II, the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the course's placement within the sequence. The final two•digits identify the section and instructor. 25 �CURRICULUM FIRST-YEAR COURSES Required Courses Elective Course** Course Number 04-110-1 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Contracts Credit Hours 4 02-110 Criminal Law 3 01-110 05-110 03-110-1 Moot Court Property Torts I * 4 3 Course Number 04-110-2 09-110 SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Contracts II Constitutional Law Credit Hours 2 4 01-120 Legal Profession Moot Court 1 3 03-110-2 Torts II Criminal Law Administration** or International Law** or Law and Social Change** 3 01-110 02-210 10-210 11-210 Total first-year hours 3 16 •work of Moot co urt continues throughout the academ ic year, but grade and credit are entered o nl y at conclusion of second semester. + •One of the three electives open to first -yea r students is to be chosen. Mi les Ok umura, '74, presiden t of the J unio r Bar Association , addresses the a nnua l Alumni Asso c iation Dinn e r in April 1973. 26 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS (L isted a lphabeti ca lly within ca t egor ies) Course Number 07-330 09-310 07-420 Elective Courses Offered in 1973 -74 09-340 07-340 , 01-310-1 01-720 01-710 01-340 04-310 10-3 IO 07-3 IO 04-350 06-320-1 01-320 06-310 08-410 08-330 08-310 . FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Accounting Adminitrative Law Advanced Business Assaciations-Partnerships Advanced Problems in Constitutional Law Antitrust Law Credit Hours C ivil Procedure I Clinical Practice C linical Practice Orientation C linical Trial Advocacy Commercia l Paper Conflict of Laws Corporations Debtor-Creditor Relations Decedents' Estates and Trusts I Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax 3 2 4 4 4 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Labor Law 4 01-720 05-320 Legal Assistance Clinic Public and Private Control of Land Use Secured Transactions State and Local Government 4 07-360 01-420 Trademarks. Trade Identity, and Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Admiralty 07-340 07-430 01-310-2 Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure II 4 2 2 01-720 Clinical Practice 4 01-340 04-310 10-310 07-410 02-210 Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Conflict of Laws Corporate Finance Crimi nal Law Administration Decedents' Estates and Trusts II Evidence Credit Hours 3 2 07-350 04-320 09-320 Course Number 10-320 3 2 3 2 06-320-2 01-320 08-410 08-330 08-310 01-410 04-330 05-340 10-210 Federal Corporate Income Tax Federal Estate and Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellect ual Property International Law I 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 3 11-330 11-210 01-720 05-310 The Law and Racism Law and Social Change Legal Assistance Cl ini c Rea l Estate Acquisition and Disposition 02-310 Scientific Evidence 07-380 Securities Regulation 2 01-420 11-320 11-340 Trial Practice Welfare Litigation Women and the Law 2 ,, 2 3 4 3 27 �SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont'd Elective Seminars Offered in 1973-74 Course Number 09-520 01-510 02-530 02-520 11-520 06-610 02-710 FIRST SEMESTER Course Name Civil Liberties Computers and the Law Criminal Evidence Criminal LawCurrent Problems Economic Development, Political Modernization and the Law Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice 2 2 2 06-610 02-710 09-330 05-510 Urban Housing Problems 2 "• • Offerin gs in the regular curri culum whi ch, although not offe red in 1973 -74, are expected to be offer ed in future years. 2 2 10-511 01-520 07-620 11-540 11 -560 11-550 Problems in Law and Medicine Real Estate Development 05-520 ' J" SECOND SEMESTER Credit Course Hours Name 2 African Law 2 Antitrust Law and Policy Consumer Protection, Credit 2 Sales and Poverty 2 Criminal Evidence Economic Analysis and 2 Public Policy Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice International Business Transactions Introduction to Civil Law Judicial Administration Labor Law Law and Education Law and Psychiatry 10-530 2 2 2 Credit Course Course Elective Hours Number Name Courses 09-311 Administrative Law : and Regul ation of Seminars 3 Broadcasting not offered in 1973 -74*''' * 07-530 Advanced Problems in Securities ReguIation (seminar) 2 ' 02-540 Criminal Appellate Advocacy (seminar) 2 05-330 Environmental Law 3 04-340 Equity, Restitution and Damages 3 06-620 Fiduciary Administration (seminar) 2 11-310 Law and Poverty 2 08-610 Problems in Taxation of Business Income (seminar) 2 2 12-310 Legal History 05-520 Real Estate Development (seminar) 2 07-520 Regulated Industries (seminar) 2 08-340 State and Local 2 Taxation 08-620 T ax Policy (seminar) Course Number 10-520 07-610 11-510 02-530 11-530 2 Food and Drug Law Jurisprudence Law and Criminology The Law of the Common Market Legislative Process 07-510 12-510 02-510 10-540 28 Credit Hours 2 2 \· - -·~·~ ,. .... / _ 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 �SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research may be taken by third-year students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in first semester taken) in any field of study upon agreement with supervising professor, subject to the rules governing the program which are available from the Registrar's Office or the Director of Research. DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS (Listed in order of course number) Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also serve to identify instructors. 01-110 MOOT COURT Messrs. Barack, Course (3 hours) Slater, Lewis & First and Assistants in Instruction Second Semesters (03 / 64) One hour credit given in the first semester; two hours credit given in the second semester. After an introductory study of the process of trial and appellate litigation , the first semester's work consists of the writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in small groups with an Assistant in Instruction ; individual tutorials with a Teaching Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the full class. The second semester's work consists of moot court cases raising legal issues of current interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme Co urt of Northwestern with practicing attorneys and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appel late procedure, brief writing and oral argument. 01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION Course (I hour) Mr. Spalding (65) Second Semester An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term "practice of law" ( often described as the -- unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client) ; rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-ofinterest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawye r to client (fees, investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform . Materials to be announced. 01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Reese (56); Waltz (74) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial sys tems ; jurisdiction over the person and subject matte r; process and pleadings ; parties ; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice ; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collatera l estoppel; appe llate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); Waltz, Cases on Pleading and Procedure (multi li thed), and Federal Rules of Ci1•il Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). 01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Messrs. Redish (55); Second Semester Reese (56) A continuation of C ivil Procedure I ; see course description for C ivil Procedure I. Materials to be announced (Mr. Redish) ; Reese, Cases on Cil'il Procedure (multilithed) , Federal Rules of Ci ,·il Procedure for the United States District Co urts (Mr. Reese) . 01-320 EVIDENCE Course (3 hours) Mr. Garland (25) First Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance ; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Louisell, Kaplan , and Waltz, Cases and Materia ls on Evidence. 01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Reese (56) History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship ; federal questions ; jurisd ictional amount; removal jurisdiction ; venue ; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Co urt. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System 2nd ed., 1973. The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. 01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course (2 hours) Messrs. Garland, Geraghty, First and Second Semesters et. al. (24) Training in the art of trial advocacy to prepare students for clinical practice and trial practice. Students' skills will be developed and tested by presentation of solutions to trial problems at 29 �weekly sessions of the Circuit Court of Northwestern, Clinical Division. Trial problems will require students to examine witnesses, introduce other evidence (including the testimony of expert witnesses) , present opening and closing arg ument s. and select juries. In addition to problems. eac h stude nt will bear responsibility for the preparation and tri al of a crimin al or civi l case ( or cases). These complete mock trials wi ll take place before mock juries and the students' performances wi ll be judged and reviewed by other students, faculty. practicing lawyers, and judges. Materials to be announced. 01-420 TRIAL PRACTICE Course (I hour) First and Second Semesters Mr. Hanley (83); Mr. Stifler (98) An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to take the place of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and E ridence. Materials to be announced. 01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Roberts & Sprowl (96) The ro le of compu ters in the practice of law and in litiga tion ; legal problems encountered in computer installation and utilization . and in the computer-oriented society; the procedural and su bstantive impact of computer technology upon the law; computerized legal resea rch and law retriev al; and an introduction to computer programming, with emphas is upon legal text manipulation. Materials to be announced. 01-520 JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar (2 hours) Second Semest~r Mr. Spalding (65) Consideration of some of the major problems besetting the administration of justice-staffing, crowded dockets and delay ; means of selection, retention and recall of judges; qualifications of the judicia ry ; cost of litigation ; the jury system; and the like-and possible ways to meet these problems. Guest speakers and visits to several types of courts in the Chicago area. Materials to be announced. 01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Legal Clinic Staff Course (I hour) Mr. Hyman , Co-ordinator (34) First Semester Required of all second-year students working in the Legal Clinic, of third-ye ar students who are work ing in the Clinic for the first time, and of 30 those taking the Clinical Practice course, although it may be taken by others. Third-year students who have wo rked in the C linic in the past may also enroll. A survey of the basic legal rules in the field s most frequently encountered at the Clinic and other age ncies and programs, including criminal procedure, domestic relations, housing, consumer. welfare and not-for-profit corporations law, highlighting some of the issues most amenab le to creative approaches in litiga tion. Development of litigation techniques and interviewing skills and discussion of the structure of the court system in Chicago. Materials to be announced . 01-720 CLINICAL PRACTICE Course (4 hours) Ms. Crawford, Mr. Eovaldi, First and Second Mr. Garland , Mr. Geraghty, Semesters Mr. Hyman, et. al. (11) Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours per week tociinical practice at the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, Federal Defender Progra m, Consumer Fraud Division of the Illinois State Attorney General's Office, or at other age ncies or organizations approved by the Law School for clinical practice. Training in counse ling, interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and in substa ntive and procedural law particularly relevant to the clinical program chosen. Students enrolled in the course are required to apply for certification under Illinois Supreme Co urt Rule 711 , the Illinois student practice rule . This rule allows third-year law students, under certain circ umstances, to practice in the Illinois State courts. Prerequisite or concurrent req uisite: Clinical Practice Orientation and a trial practice course. For admission to the program at the Northwestern Legal Clinic, completion of or enrollment in Clinical Practice Orientation is a prerequisite. Supervisors of other clinical programs may or may not require Clinical Practice Orientation as a prerequisite. Preference in ga ining ad mission to the Legal Clinic program will be given to those students who have satisfactorily completed one semester of volunteer work at the C linic or who have volunteered for such work. Students may enroll either for one se mester or for both semesters of their third year. Materials to be announced. 01-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE 02-110 CRIMINAL LAW Messrs. Heinz (31); Course (3 hours) lnbau (35) First Semester Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law ; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery ; doctrines of criminal responsibility �including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations. Inb a u, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases a11d Comme11ts on Criminal Justice, Vol. I (3d ed.). 02-210 CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course (3 hours) Messrs. Garland (25) ; Second Semester Inbau (35) A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasi zing prevailing practices and limita tions of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau , Thompson, Haddad , Zagel , and Starkm an , Cases and Comments on Criminal Procedure. 02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (1 hour) Second Semester Mr. lnbau (35) The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials to be announced. 02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Semina r (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Heinz (31) C onsideration of the determinants of society's action in labeling something ·•criminal ," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them ; and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal law-i .e. whose values the criminal law expresses. Materi a ls to be announced. 02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Inbau (35) A consideration , in depth , of selected current problems in the administration of crimina l justice . Ma teri a ls to be a nnounced. 02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) First and Mr. Aspen (86) Second Semesters Mr. Bronner (88) An e xamination of the trial processes of a crimina l case. The seminar will focus on strategy and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case, plea ba rgaining. the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination , preparation and argument of motion and preliminary he arings. the presentation of expert testimony , arguments to the court and jury and sentencing procedures . Ma terials to be announced. 02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973 -74) 02-710 FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar (I hour) First and Second Semesters Mr. Garland (25) Discussion and analysis of criminal trial practice in the Federal C ourts. Students will be assigned to Federal Defender Panel a ttorneys and will assi st those attorneys in preparing and trying federa l criminal cases. C lassroom sessions will center on discussion of problems and issues arising out of federal criminal trial work against the b;ckground of student experiences in the Federal Defender Program. Classroom sessions will a lso include student participation in exercises dealing with problems encountered in federal criminal litigation. Students may enroll for either or both semesters but preference in admission to the seminar will be given to those who enroll for both semesters. Materials to be announced. 02-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW 03-110-1 TORTS I Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Redish (55) ; Slater ( 64) Protection of persona lity, property, and relational interests against physical , appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass , nuisance, negligence. respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, priva cy, slander, libel , seduction, alientation of a ffections , malicious prosecution , inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals , landowners, public service companies , builders, contractors, governmenta l bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Prosser and W ade , Cases and Materi als in Torts (Mr. Redish) ; Materials to be announced (Mr. Slater). 03-110-2 TORTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Redish (55); Rosenblum (57) A continuation of Torts I ; see course description for Torts I. Materials to be announced. 03-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS 04-110-2 CONTRACTS II Course (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Bennett (05); DuBose (17) A continuation of Contracts dealing with Article 2 of the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales contract, prepayment, risk of loss and rights of creditors and purchasers before delivery of the goods to the buyer ; remedies of the buyer when the goods are non-conforming and the right of the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the 31 �huyer's default; selected problems of the letter of credit and credit card transaction. Materials to be announced. 04-110-1 CONTRACTS I Course (4 hours) Messrs. Bennett (05); First Semester DuBose (17) Study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; an introduction to contract remedies ; formation , performance. a nd discharge of contracts, including third party beneficiaries, assignment. impossibility a nd fru stra tion , conditi o ns a nd the Statute of Frauds. Co ntrac tu al aspects of the law of agency. Attentio n is given to certain portions of the Uniform Co mmercial Code which relate to contracts for th e sa le of goods. Materials to be announced . 04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER Co urse (3 hours) First a nd Second Semesters Mr. C ha mberlin (09) The law of the money substitutes a nd credit devices ( nego ti a ble instruments) , particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods a nd services; the concept of nego tiability: its 32 history a nd importa nce in the distribution and credit systems: the commanding rights of the holder in due co urse; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiabilit y, negotiation, tra nsfe r, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries . alterations and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth a nd Honnold , Comm ercial Law, Cases and Materials (2nd ed.): U11ifor111 Co111111crcial Code. I972 Official Text a nd Comment. 04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Gordon (27) Secured financing of co mmercial and co nsumer goods with special reference to transac tio ns in mo to r vehicles. fixtur es. inventory and receivables; consignm ent s. equipment leasin g and field warehou sin g: sec urity int ere sts in proceeds of the collateral a nd after- ac quired propert y; prio rities, with de tail ed considera ti on of the priorities of the purc hase mo ney securit y interest, the buyer in o rdin a ry co urse a nd the fed eral tax lien. Extensive �attention will be given to the problems of the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federa l Bankruptcy Act. Farnsworth a nd Honnold. Co 111111 ercial Lt11v , C ases and Materials (2nd Ed.) Uniform Commercial Code , 1972 Official Text with Comments. 04-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND <.;ONTRACT CONSEQUENCES INSURANCE LAW Co urse (3 hours) Mr. C hamberlin (09) Second Semeste r Basics of insurance law including the principles of indemnit y, insurable interes t. and subrogation ; the form ation and construction of co ntracts for various types o f insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance . auth o rit y of brokers and age nt s, the effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk tra nsferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage provisions, represe ntation , warranties, the doctrine of concealment. etc.) ; recove ry by insured notwithstanding contract terms ( waivers, estoppels, reform ation of contract, etc. ); se ttlement of claim s; and governmental regul ation and sponsorship of insur ance. Keeton , /11s11ra11ce Law-Basic Text (recommended): Keeton , Case Supplement on Basic Text on Insurance Law (required) . Int rod uction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property co nce pts: selected problems in personal property ; the creati o n of possesso ry interests in fee , fee tail , for li fe and the legal incidents of each; landlord and tenant. with emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title ; origin of equitable interests ; concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases mul Te.rt 011 Property (2d ed.). and multilithed materials. 04-330 04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course (3 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Eovald i (20) A survey of the rights and duties of deb tors and creditors in such co mm o n law and statutory proceedings as jud gments by confession. enforcement of wa ge assi gnm ent s. reple vin. attachment. garn ishment. wage dedu ction , supplementary proceedings. exec utions aga inst persons and propert y. general ass ignm ents, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent co nveyances wi th particular at tenti on to evolving constitutional and stat utory protections of consumer debtors, including exemptions from execution on wages and propert y. limitation s on a creditor's ability to obtain a defici ency judgment, and limitations on extra-judic ial collection efforts. Outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with par ticul ar attention to the provisions covering liquidation and distribution of the bankrupt's estate, and the effectiveness of and procedures for obtai ning a discharge of the bankrupt's debts. Co nsideration of alternat ives to straigh t bankruptcy, such as wage-earner plans under C hapter XIII of the Bankruptcy Act and of the numerous proposals for change of the debt collection process and for alternatives to the present ba nkruptcy system. Materials to be announced. 05-110 PROPERTY Cou.se ( 4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Gordon (24); Schuyler (62) REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course (3 hours) Mr. Goldman (26) Second Semester An a nal ys is of the basic elements of land acquisition and tra nsfer- the real estate sales contract, deeds, rc::cording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development financin g includ ing federal programs and secured lending devices ; an exploration of additional selected legal problems such as cooperative and condominium -devel opments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced . 05-310 05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Co urse (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Spalding (65) A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control the use of land. On the private law side, both consensual arrangements (easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered . On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning, subdivision control, and pollution control schemes. These various approaches to control are considered functionally-th at is, as they bear upon related factual situations-rather than doctrinally. Spa ldin g, Cases and Materials 0 11 Uses of th e E11l'iro11me11t (2d tentat ive edition-multilithed). 05-330 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Co urse (3 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 33 �05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course (2 hours) Messrs. Lungmus & Second Semester Tilton (91) Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets, know-how, confidential disclosures, and the licensing or assignment of intellectual property. Multilithed materials. 05-510 URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Tucker (99) Study of methods and problems concerning provision of an adequate supply of standard housing through government programs and private action. Materials to be announced. 05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74) 05-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY 06-310 FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Beckstrom (04) A study of the legal problems involved in formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the family with particular emphasis on the problems of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage, child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson, Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic Relations (1970) . 06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I Course (3 hours) Messrs. Berger (84); First Semester Chamberlin (09) Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts ; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.). 06-320-2 DECEDENT'S ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course (3 hours) Mr. Schuyler (62) Second Semester Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers of appointment and the rule against perpetuities; introduction to fiduciary administration. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.). 34 06-610 ESTATE PLANNING Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Instructor to be announced. Second Semester Mr. Kirby (36) A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation and Federa l Corporate Income Tax. Materials to be announced . 06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Semin ar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 06-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS 07-310 CORPORATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester Messrs. Barack (03) ; Ruder (58) A study of the commo n law, federal and state statutory and administrative framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Attention will be directed to problems of organization, distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the regulation of sec urities transactions, proxy and reporting requirements, the special problems of close corporations , and corporate derivative and class actions. Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations . 07-330 ACCOUNTING Course (I hour) First Semester Mr. Brady (87) Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accounting. Open only to students who have earned no more than three hours of college credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting fo r Business Lawyers ( 1971). 07-340 ANTITRUST LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester Messrs. Rahl (54) & Slater (64) Second Semester Slater Federal , state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly ; antitrust law concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination , resale price maintenance, unfair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of Business (1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and Materials on Antitrust Law (1973-multilithed). �07-350 LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) Mr. Hillman (32) First Semester An examination of the legal framework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of em ployment through collective bargaining. The modern labor union will also be viewed as a concentration of economic and political power, as a participant in the managerial process, and as a quasi-public in stitution as regards its relationships with its members and the general economy. The roles and limitations of leg islative, administrative and judicial powe r in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be studied. Meltzer, Labor Law: Cases, MMerials and Problems. 07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Hilliard & Pattishall (95) The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal a nd state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedin gs respecting trade mark registration. Dece ptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Cases and .l\1aterials on Trademarks, Trade Iden tity u11d Unfair Trade Practices (multilithed). 07-380 SECURITIES REGULATION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Ruder (58) Federal regul ation of broker dealers, stock exchanges. and investment companies . Civil li ab ilities for violation of sec urities laws. The role of the Securities and Exc hange Commission and new developments in the structure of the capital markets . Prerequisi/e: Corpora/ion Finance. Jennings and Marsh. Securities Regula/ion. 07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Barack (03); Ruder (58) An exam ination of corporate financial matters, including the federal regulation of securities distributions unde r the Securities Act of I 933 , corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise and securities valuation. the financial protection of security holders and creditors, and fairness and shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions. Brudney and C hirelstein, Cases and Malerials on Corpora/e Finance , and multilithed materials. Prerequisi/e: Corporations. 07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS Course (2 hours) Mr. Shapiro (97) First Semester Analysis of alternative forms of business organization s, with special emphasis upon format ion, operation , and dissolution of partnerships and limited pa rtnerships. Development of the partnership as a sop hi sticated substitute for the corporate form . Prereq uisite: Corporation Finance. Materials to be announced. 07-430 BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Shapiro (97) Advanced problems in corporation finance , including corporate organi za tion , distributions, reca pitalization and reorgan ization. Emphasis will be placed upon problems of financing corporations, with concurrent exami nation of problems in co rporate. tax and securities law. Prerequisites: Corporation Fi11a11 ce and Federal Corporate l11 co111e Taxation. Materials to be announced. 07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Messrs. Burditt & M. Thompson (89) A survey of the content of federal and state food , drug. and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Christopher, Cases a11d Malerials on Food and Drug Law. 07-520 REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar (2 hours) (No t offered in 1973-74.) 07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Rahl (54) & Slater (64) Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; se lected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas: consideration of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories for particular problems. Prerequisite: A ntitrus/ Law. Materials to be announced . 07-620 LABOR LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Hillman (32) An intensive study of selected issues relating to the collective bargaining process, public labor policy and the union as a quasi-public institution. Prerequisite: Labor Law. Multilithed materials. 35 �07-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION 08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Cou rse (3 hours) Mr. Kirby (36) First Semester Mr. Thompson (69) Second Semester An in troduct ion to the stat ute on federal income taxatio n. with emphasis on the taxation of individuals. es ta tes and trusts. on family property ar rangements and common business transactions; th e ad ministrative and judicial processes in resolving in co me tax controversies. Pedrick and Kirby. ·The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income Tax Volume" (Mr. Kirby) ; Materials to be a nnounced (Mr. Thompson). 08-330 FEDERAL EST ATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Kirby (36) Seco nd Semester Mr. Thompson (69) T he imp ac t of the federal estate a nd gift taxes on various types of property transfers during life and at death . Pedrick and Kirby. The Study of Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Vo lum e (Mr. Kirby and Mr. Thompson). 08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. Thompson (69) Second Semester Mr. Kirby (36) The federal in come taxation of business entities, corporations and partnerships; the incorporation 36 process. recapitalization. reorganization of businesses: the treatment of Subchapte r Selecting corporations. Prerequisite : Federal /11di1•idual In come Tax. Pedrick and Kirby , "The Study of Federa l Tax Law: Income Tax Volume" (Mr. Kirby); Wolfman, "Federal Income Taxation of Business Enterprise" (Mr. Thompson). 08-340 ST ATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 08-610 PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973 -74 .) 08-620 TAX POLICY Seminar ( I hour) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 08-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION 09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course (4 hours) Second Semester Messrs . Gordon (27); Nathanson (46) The judicial role in constitutional interpretation ; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation: distribution of powers within the federal government and between federal and state governments: introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges. and property rights. Gunther a nd Dowling, Cases and Materia l 011 Co11stitutio11al Law (8th ed.) . �09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Co urse (3 hours) Messrs. Nathanson (46); First Semester Rosenblum (56) A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governments, including the constitutional framework within which the ad ministrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy; the administrative interpretatio:1 of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure ; and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials. 09-311 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course (3 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course (3 hours) First Semester Mrs. Netsch (48) Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced. 09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Mikva (92) A study of legislative procedures as an aid to legislative analysis . A st udy of the use and making of legislat ive history. The course will focus on how laws are made in order to measure and construe their lega l bite. Studies will be made of the legislative process at all levels of government. Materials to be announced. 09-340 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Todd (70) Emphasis on individual rights , the fourteenth amendment to the U.S. Co nstitution and crucial contemporary constitutional crises. Gunther and Dowling. /11di1 ·id11al Rights i11 Constitutional Law: Cases and Materials, supplemented by accounts in the news medi a of contemporary constitutional issues. 09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Nathanson (46) [ntensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political. social , and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Co nsideration will be given to underlying philosophical conceptions , to comparable problems in other democratic societies. and to international protection of hum an rights. Materials to be announced. 09-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENT AL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW Co urse (3 hours) Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisd iction in the internatio nal community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law ; membership; standards for internation al trade and investment ; international and regional courts and organizations ; control of the use of force in internat ional disputes. Materials to be announced. 10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS Course (3 hours) First Semester Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester Mr. Nekam (47) A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of Jaw; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. Cramton and C urrie , Conflict of Laws (Mr. MacChesney); Reese. and Rosenberg, Cases 011 Conflict of Lall's (Mr. Nekam). 10-320 ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Mr. MacChesney (42) Second Semester General principles of adm iralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien. carriage of goods, sa lvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime wo rkers. collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy and C urrie. Cases on Admiralty. I0-5ll INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Schwerin (63) St udies exploring. with the aid of historical information. the influence of social, religious, political. and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law . Selected problems on sources and movements in civil law, codes anti precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Materials to be announced. 10-520 AFRICAN LAW Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Nekam (04) Second Semester An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state and the interest this offers to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary law anti its administration, questions 37 �of constitutional law and the Jaw of conflicts, the impact of foreign concepts and values. Materials to be announced. 10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Barack (03) Second Semester An examination of the legal problems of doing business abroad. including corporate organization. tax planning. offshore financing and foreign financial institutions. antitrust problems. problems of international trade and investment. agency and distribution agreements, and industrial property protection and licensing. Materials to be announced . 10-540 THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Nicholson (94) A study of the institutions and developing law of the European Economic Community. Written paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials 011 the Law and Institutions of the A 1/a11tic Area and multilithed materials. 10-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW 11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course (3 hours) Second Semester Messrs. Heinz (31); Hillman (32) A survey of relation~hips between the legal and social orders. Consideration will be given both to the legal order as an affirmative instrument of social, political and economic change and to the processes through which the legal order accommodates to such change. Specific illustrations of the role of the legal order in balancing the elements of progress and stability will also be examined. Materials to be announced . 11-310 LAW AND POVERTY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION Course (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Bennett (05) An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and problems of litigation, particularly federal jurisdictional problems, encountered in vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against the background of the present law. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. Materials to be announced. 38 11-330 LAW AND RACISM Course (2 hours) Mr. Todd (70) Second Semester An examination of the legal found ations of some of the major issues ari sing out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting blacks. women and other oppressed groups. Community persons are called in to share their experiences. Materials to be announced. 11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW Instructor to Course ( 2 or 3 hours) be announced Second Semester A consideration of sex roles in contemporary society as they are shaped. constrained or liberated by doctrines of constitutional law, family law, labor law, property law and the like ; emphasis on the societal contexts in which doctrin al development occurred and in which it operates today . Materials to be announced. 11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) Mr. Eovaldi (20) Second Semester An examination of the legal, economic, historical and social setting for the sales of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. The course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collection process. Statutes such as the Truth-in-Lending Act and the Fair Credit Reporting Act and proposals such as the Uniform Consumer Credit Code and the Nation al Consumer Credit Act will be discussed . Multilithed materials. 11-520 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. de Schweinitz (16) The economics of development and the economic and political problems confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in facilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political order. Materials to be announced. 11-530 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. de Schweinitz (16) Economic and legal aspects of the policies industrial societies use to influence the growth and stability of income, the concentration of economic power, and the external balance of payments. Materials to be announced. �11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Rosenblum (57) Analysis of the statutory, constitutional and public policy considerations affecting the structure and processes of education in the United States. A major focus on the governance of educational institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g., the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty , and students. Materials to be announced. 11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Mr. Waltz (74) Selected topics involving the interaction of law and medicine. e.g ., problems of health care delivery, tort liability of physicians, expert testimony, testimonial privileges, homotransplantation, human experimentation, innovative therapy, genetic screening and counseling. Waltz and Wadlington, Problems in Law and Medicine (multilithed). 11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester Messrs. DuBose (17); Schneider (85) An examination of the assumptions, purposes and practices of the legal and psychiatric disciplines as they converge upon problems of mental illness in the civil and criminal law. Materials to be announced. 11-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES 12-310 LEGAL HISTORY Course (2 hours) (Not offered in 1973-74.) 12-510 JURISPRUDENCE Seminar (2 hours) First Semester Mr. Nekam (47) Problems connected with the nature of the law, its purpose, its origin and development. Legal values; the idea of justice; natural law ; sanctions. Materials to be announced. 12-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor from 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School. 39 �HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF In I 907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recogni zed national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the lead ing law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Co if annu ally elects from the senior class a number of persons , not exceeding IO percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic stand in g and competitive writing. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW /\ND CRIMINOLOGY Second and third-year students are invited to join the staff of the Jo11mal of Crim inal Law on the basis of outstanding scholastic achievement and demonstrated writing ability. CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW Staff membership on the Clearinghouse Review is open to second and third-year students based on interest and ability in writing a nd research. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-50, the award is made hy the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Select ion is made by the graduating class and the faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES Income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden , Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income from a fund of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used 40 annually to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of I .ocal Government. The first prize is approximately $400 and the second prize about $200. Each winner also receives a u :rtificate and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating C lass provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the lilcmbcrs of the winning team in the Julius H . i'vl in er Moot Court Competition. The plaque i, o n display in the Law School. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF JNSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary , ubscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal arc awarded annually to the student receiving i he highest grade in the course in Insurance. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the recleral Taxation courses. INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25 certificate to be used for any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from ihose who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. ��SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession , the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of significant research and scholarship. One of the principal programs supported by the Foundation is the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published 42 under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal History by Macmillan. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Oth er Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931 , Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47, a se ries of monthly lectures covering the evolution , structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48 , under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the fields of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N . Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor �of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. fn 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In I 951, Abraham H . Feller, General Counsel , United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "Wo rld Law, World Community and the United Nations ," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Co lumbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on '"The Lawye r and the Government," published as a volume under the title Th e Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952-53 , the following lectures were gi ven: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin , Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; 'The Essentials of a Sound Judici al System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; 'The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson , Assoc iate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois , and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr. , Professor of Law , Co lumbi a University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution ," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955 , James Willard Hurst , Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin , delivered a series of lectures on " Law a nd Liberty in the Nineteenth Century, " published as a volume under the title Law and th e Conditions of Freedom in the Nin eteenth C entury United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were gi ven by Louis B. Sohn , Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary Genera l of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: 'The fndividual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, Schoo l of Law , Loyola University, New Orleans; " Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. fn 1959, Louis Eise nstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on 'The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe , Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom , delivered a series of lectures on 'The Law and Its Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School , delivered a series of lectures on 'The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. fn 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer, " published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963 , Wilber G . Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin , delivered a series of lectures on " Religion and American Constitutions ," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on ' The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965 , a series of lectures on the general subject of " Perspectives on the Court" offered 43 �three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman , distinguished journalist, William M. Seaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center and formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a series of lectures on "General Disarmament and World Law." In March 1971, Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930), former Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on Its Past, Present and Future," published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former United States Secretary of Labor, presented a series of lectures on "Labor and the Law," to be published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In 1973, a series of lectures was presented on the general subject, "Perspectives on Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Columbia University; The Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S. 44 District Judge for the Southern District of New York; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of Philosophy, Tulane University. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum , Class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and European authors for meritorious books and ~ssays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics, and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations , general economic and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use, and European Common Market development. Since 1948 , projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists, and public officials as John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, and W. Willard Wirtz. OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A trust established by the late Cranston Spray, Class of 1923 , and his widow, Catharine Spray, provides income used for stipends for students to conduct research in support of effective law enforcement. Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest in the amount of $225 ,000 from the estate of Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928 , provides funds which may be used for the support of research , special lectures, clinical training, and other important Law School programs and needs. A /but Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert Kocourek, professor on the Law School faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus professor from 1940 until his death in 1952, �provides a fund of approximately $235,500, which under the terms of the will is to be used to promote research and teaching in the field of legislation and to purchase books for the library's jurisprudence collection. LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC The Law School provides outstanding opportunity for voluntary service in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the assistance of grants from the Council of Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure, with subsequent grants also from the Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of the Legal Clinic Program which the Law School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides civil and criminal legal services to persons who are patients of the Northwestern University medical and dental clinics. It also serves other individuals and organizations in Chicago. Through voluntary legal services , law students may ass ist in the interviewing and counseling of clients , preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial. Third-year law students may enroll in the clinical program for credit and may be certified to practice in the courts under the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois . CORPORA TE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Students serve in the Legal Assistance Clinic. Annually since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Institute of Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar Association . The two-day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The Institute regularly draws several hundred lawyers from throughout the United States. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners and lawyers within corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to at tend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review and other journals. 45 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes and ar ranged for the students to observe a federal co urt case being tried in the Law School building by severa l outstanding lawye rs of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -R ecollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860 . STUDENT ACTIVITIES I I I ; J A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vitality of the Law School 1s measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 525 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from 40 states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and eighty-two colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 67). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students tend to be individualistic and venturesome, a nd a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrently with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professional journals written, edited, and published by men and women who have not yet achieved full professional status is unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate to have three regularly published scholarly journals available for student research, writing, and editing: the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the Northwestern University Law R eview, and the Clearinghouse Review. Selection for membership on a publication is at once a high honor, a great responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity. Although there are many advantages, the true value of membership on a legal publication lies in the sharpening of legal research, writing, and editing skills which are so essential to the effective practice of law. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology A quarterly publication with worldwide circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology is universally recognized as the foremost publication of its kind. It is the only student-edited law review published in the United States which focuses on criminal law 47 �and criminology, and one of the few such professional publications in the world. Founded by the late Dean John Henry Wigmore in 1910, the Journal has the second largest paid circulation among law reviews. While the Journal centers on the field of criminal law, its research reaches into other areas, from constitutional implications of various aspects of the criminal codes to the impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on the administration of criminal justice. Members of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and writing in all fields of the law while applying the principles of law to the narrower focus of their publication. After completion of their first year, a number of students are invited by the editorial board of the Journal to join the staff on the basis of outstanding scholastic performance. The board invites an additional group of students to join the staff on the basis of demonstrated writing ability, either through participation in the writing competition held during the seco nd year, or by submitting an article of publishable quality. Those staff members who satisfactorily complete their duties are eligible for election to the editorial board. The editorial board holds complete responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and editing of competent material submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars and for the preparation of publishable student material in the criminal law field. Two of the four issues of the Journal have proved to be of special significance to students. The Supreme Court Review, published each year in the December issue, provides an opportunity for second-year students to publish their work early in their law school career. A foreword to the analytical survey of Supreme Court decisions which affect the criminal practice is written by a well-known figure in the legal profession. Arthur J. Goldberg '30, former Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court Justice and U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, contributed the foreword for December 1972. A recent innovation has been the dedication of the June issue to a symposium on a relevant theme. The June 1972 issue, for example, was devoted to a symposium on prisoner's rights, a topic which links the fields of criminal law and criminology. 48 Northwestern University Law Review One of the most rewarding student activities at the Law School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title lllinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year outstanding students are invited to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and demonstrated writing skill. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is hard work: it requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. Participation on the Law Review is both a demanding and a constructive experience. The Clearinghouse Review Northwestern also publishes the monthly Clearinghouse Review, the journal of the National Clearinghouse for Legal Services. The publication, funded by the Office of Economic Opportunity, provides lawyers with information about current developments in those areas of law which particularly affect the poor. It also carries scholarly articles and practical advice for lawyers representing the poor. The Clearinghouse Review has a professional staff of three attorneys and uses material written and edited by a student editorial board. Student participation is on the basis of an interest in the work and demonstrated writing ability. �An appellate bench, headed by the Honorable Tom Clark, retired Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, hears arguments in the trial round of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students. Made possible by an endowment which memorializes Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include former Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg '30, Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, and Byron R. White of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Law School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen on the basis of performance in the Miner Competition. STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All students are members of the Junior Bar Association and through it contribute to the educational and recreational programs of the Law School. JBA committees are responsible for many activities, including the orientation program for new students, Parents Day, Law Day, and a student-run bookstore which handles used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to the School as part of the JBA Speaker's Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following such programs. The JBA plans a variety of social and recreational programs throughout the academic year, including student-faculty coffee hours, informal socials, and a film series with full-length feature movies. Other social activities are planned each year to reflect the interests of the student body. 49 �HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, for its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of special note that this system has been chosen by the students and 50 that students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS The Women's Caucus, an association of women in the Law School, provides a forum for disc ussion of the concerns of women seeking a legal education and women employed within the legal profession. The Caucus has been active in encouraging appointment of women to the faculty, the placement of women graduates, and programs to encourage women's applications to the School. The Extended Study Program, which permits a small number of students to carry a lighter load , was recommended by the Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty. Weekly meetings of the Caucus are held to discuss issues of personal and group interest. �A spokeswoman for the Caucus is elected each semester. BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION The Black Law Students Association serves as a forum for the discussion of matters concerning black students within the Law School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal issues relevant to blacks and, whenever possible, provides assistance and answers to such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly express its position on events which significantly affect the black community. BLSA objectives include increasing the number of black attorneys in the United States by encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal education, gaining greater minority representation on the faculty and throughout the University, and helping the local black community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at other Chicago law schools to achieve common objectives. RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS Each year a number of second and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for the opportunities they afford for close participation in the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the faculty . LAW WIVES Recognizing the importance of the wife's role in aiding her husband's study of law, the Law Wives organization provides an opportunity for the student wife to understand something about the subject which consumes so much of her husband's time. The Law Wife may enjoy an informal talk by a faculty member on law study or a legal problem of general interest, or she may spend the evening socializing with other student wives. Occasionally, professors have conducted mock law classes for the wives to give them a firsthand view of the educational process in which their husbands are involved. 51 �"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first dean of the Law Scho ol, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL Each year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the U.S. and from abroad. In recent years there have been 15 or more applicants for each place in the entering class. The admission policies of the School of Law are predicated on consideration of the whole person. The Admissions Committee seeks to individualize the admissions process and to weigh a wide variety of factors from which individual decisions can be made. Among these factors are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession . Since its early years the Law School has followed this policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students are admitted for classes beginning in September only, and must have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university at the time of initial registration in the School of Law. Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, 52 Princeton, N .J. 08540. A pre-addressed postcard for requesting an LSDAS registration form is provided with each Northwestern University School of Law application form. The LSDAS form must be requested from the Educational Testing Service and returned directly to ETS, not to the Law School. The student's LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each college and university attended, regardless of the number of hours of credit received. ( Exceptions to this requirement are noted in the LSD AS registration manual.) Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply a final transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's degree directly to the Law School. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which may be obtained directly from the Educational Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J. 08540. The test may be taken either before or after the Law School application form and LSDAS registration form are filed . An applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to take the test in the fall preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant. �LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service ($8 for the initial designated law school and $6 for each additional school) is paid by the applicant directly to the Educational Testing Service. The full details of the Law School Data Assembly Service accompany the registration form. An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from at least two college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must also be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of $20. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are made by a faculty committee, an evaluative interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those considering his case. An applicant who wishes to supply special information concerning his application should submit a written statement. Conferences will be held with students interested in additional information about the Law School or about the admission process. These informational interviews should be by appointment, arranged in advance by mail or telephone. WHEN TO APPLY When possible, applications should be submitted and supporting documents forwarded before January 1, 1974. Applicants who follow this procedure will be informed of the action of the Committee on Admissions by March 1. All applications and supporting documents should be submitted by March 1, 197 4. Any application submitted after that date or any application which is lacking supporting documents on that date may, in the discretion of the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for that reason. Applicants for financial assistance must apply by February 1. (See page 57) Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Each applicant who is accepted for admission , whether or not he or she has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a non-refundable deposit of $100 by April I of the year of entrance or within 21 days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is app lied toward tuition and fees . No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study and upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $20 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of which is a law school instructor. In addition the applicant must have furnished an official copy of the Law School Admission Test score, a statement of law school class standing ( or other basis for interpreting law school record), and a statement of eligibility to continue in his or her present law school. Since the record of all law school work completed must be submitted before a transfer decision can be made, such decisions are not usually made until late summer. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced 53 �standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing that women with small children have special family obligations which cannot always be met by the granting of financial aid, the Law School has instituted an Extended Study Program which allows participants to take four years to complete the normal threeyear course of legal study. A maximum of five Extended Study Program students are admitted to each first-year class. The program is open to applicants of exceptional ability who have special family obligations (such as the care of preschool children or unusually heavy financial commitments) which cannot be met by customary financial aid. Participating students are required to register for at least ten hours of course work each semester. In order to complete the program within four calendar years, students may either take more than ten hours in some semesters or attend summer school , or both. Although the program is designed primarily for women with children, applications are accepted from men who find themselves in a situation analagous to that of a woman who would be eligible for the program. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university is required for enrollment in the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be 54 general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical , natural, and mathematical sciences , in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to test his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He or she would be well-advised , in addition, to pursue study in some definite field far enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student who follows his or her own interests and tastes is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase capacities for law study. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He or she will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity for understanding, for independent thought, and for effective self-expression. �TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn , the sum of $5,430 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law Scho_ol dormitory. Of this total, about $3,350 is required for tuition, fees, books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of later professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1973-74 Two different tuition rates are applicable in 1973-74-one to students who are continuing particular programs of study which were in progress in the Law School in 1972-73 (or whose Law School studies were interrupted by military service); and another to those who enter the Law School or embark upon new programs of study there ( or who resume studies interrupted for reasons other than military service) in 1973-74. These rates are as follows: Continuing Entering Full tuition for candidates for all degrees, each semester $1,540 $1,590 Part-time tuition , each credit-hour 160 160 Auditor's fee, each weekly class hour 160 160 Resident in Research fee, each semester 30 30 Subsequent years Increases in tuition may be anticipated for subsequent years. Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science ( S.J .D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work 55 �pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full -time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $160 per credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit · nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident in Research fee. All information on tuition, fees and other costs is subject to change without notice. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged: Application fee ........ . ... .... .... $20 Nol transferable; not refundable. Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Late Health Service requirement fee . . . 2 For students who <lo not comp lete 1he initial Hl'alth Scn·icc requirements as specified in the Student Health Bulletin. Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate transcript of record, each 5 Multilith Fee In many courses it is necessary to supply multilithed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of duplicating such supplementary materials. In instances where the teaching materials used in a course consist entirely of multilithed materials prepared by the instructor, so that no casebook need be purchased, an additional charge may be made. Advance Deposit An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is applied as part payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable. PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are billed and paid by semester, rather than for the full academic year. Payments are due in the first few weeks 56 after the beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration . The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements and mar.es all adjustme nts. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School of Law. Except for students who are compelled to withdraw because of compliance with military orders, students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees . In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition , the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. REBATES Information about rebates for full-time faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent sons and daughters, and employees of Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be obtained at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before the student's first registration each school year. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the Cashier's Office by students who present their University ID cards. �FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE The Law School is committed to providing all possible assistance to a law student so that he may reach his educational goal. However, scholarship and Joan funds available for this purpose are quite limited. Thus, not all students who demonstrate financial need may be given financial assistance. Each application for financial assistance is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship grants and repayable grants. The committee expects that each applicant will obtain as much financial assistance from other sources as is possible. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described in this section, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. APPLICATION PROCEDURE The Law School is a participant in the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service ( GAPS FAS) . All applicants for financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form entitled "Application for Financial Aid for the Academic Year 1974-75." The GAPSFAS application may be obtained from the financial aid officer at the institution the applicant is currently attending. The GAPSFAS application may also be obtained from the Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540. The application should be filed no later than January 1 in order to assure its receipt at the school by February 1. The application contains sections to be completed by the applicant, by the spouse or prospective spouse, and the applicant's parents. An appli- cant must complete all three sections to be considered for aid at the Law School. An application for financial aid will be considered after an applicant has been accepted for admission. The admission decision will not be affected by a request for financial assistance . SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to funds provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law students at Northwestern: George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $485 ,000 was bequeathed to the School by Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income from this fund and such part of the principal as he determines appropriate is awarded to students selected by the Dean . Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. A trust fund established with Northwestern by Edwin C. Austin of the Class of 1915, having a principal value of about $106,000, has been arranged by Mr. Austin so that the income will be used for scholarships, fellowships, Joans, or other financial assistance in the Law School. Recipients are selected by the Dean in consultation with an Advisory Committee, taking into consideration scholarship, interest in and attitude toward the Law School and University, conduct in and out of class, and need. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund at the School of Law. The scholarship is a memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne of the Class of 1866, whose father was the found er of the Law School. George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to endow a scholarship fund in memory of the testator's son , who was a member of the Law School class which entered in 1939. 57 �C. Lysle Smith Scholarship. Contributions during his lifetime by the late C. Lysle Smith of the Class of 1920 together with further contributions by a group of his friends and associates have established a fund to provide scholarship assistance to a student or students selected by the Dean. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. The speakers of the annual dinner of the Alumni Association in April 1973 were two alumni of the School of Law who are now serving in high elective office-Governor Dale Bumpers, '51 , of Arkansas (left) and Governor Daniel Walker, '50 , of Illinois. 58 �Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A fund of $61,000 was established in 1972, under the sponsorship of the John Henry Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished service as Dean of the Law School from 1957 to 1972. Income from the fund is to be awarded annually to provide scholarship assistance to a deserving student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In I 954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund , the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student of the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in I 97 5, is approximately $1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $35,000, given by L Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V. McCormick , supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young, and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a 59 �student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need who is deserving of financial assistance. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963 , the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone. Commencing in September 1971, for a period of not less than five nor more than ten years, the fund is to be used to provide annual scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students until the principal and accumulation of the fund are exhausted. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5 ,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. George M. Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane. The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $87,000 has been contributed by the 60 Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation in the form of annual gifts used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a student in the Law School. Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books for financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books to be used each year by a freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need .deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. �Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N . Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship. fn October 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the armed forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the armed forces. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in the Law School, who is in need of financial assistance. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, a member of the Class of 1916. income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law student. Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty members , and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod, Class of I 971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship support for deserving minority group students. Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald Deller established a trust of $10,000 to provide a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a great admirer of John Henry Wigmore. Income from the trust fund is to be used annually to provide a scholarship for a needy and worthy student who is studying, among other subjects, those subjects relating to social welfare law. John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability, who have adequate resources for law study, may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund , and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of I 921 , in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband , made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. In 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Northwestern University's new Income Protection Student Loan Program is an effort on the part of the University to assist the individual student in defraying part of the student's present educational costs. Through this program a student may qualify for loans under the Federally Insured Student Loan Program. Further information may be obtained through the Office of Admissions. The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers educational loans to eligible students through banks or other commercial lenders. Information about this program is available at the applicant's local bank. The Illinois Bar Foundation is in the process of establishing a student loan fund. Specific eligibility requirements and the level of funds available to Northwestern students will be made known in early fall, 1973. 61 �-----~· ~ --- --~~-~-GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates, who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition , the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. Application forms and additional infoi;mation may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M. ) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D .) . Teachers in another guise-Dean Rahl confers on a point of field strategy in the annual softball contest between the faculty and the staffs of the Law Review and Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. �Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semester-hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form , as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on preceding pages. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be, as a minimum, $3,000. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis to foreign applicants interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. Each fellowship presently provides for the payment of tuition plus $3,000 for books and living expenses. The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond Fellowship in a similar amount is awarded on a competitive basis to a United States applicant. The fellowship provides for payment of tuition and fees; the balance of $3 ,000 is paid to the student in 10 installments, the first on September 15. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. The fellowship is granted for one year only. Fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. A student must make his own travel arrangements. A successful fellowship applicant should also bring sufficient funds for personal expehses from the time of arrival until September 15. 63 �"Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law." - "Th e Counsellor's Cl1orus/' Joltn H enry Wigmore, Dean 1901 -29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The associatio ns formed in the years of study at the Law School are lifelong. The School, through its Placement Service, offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfact ion both in economic terms a nd in self-realization and contribution. The School's alumni assist in keepi ng alive memories and friends hips of student days and provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At grad uation the Northwestern law student joins the ce ntury-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal caree rs, the Law School maintains a placement serv ice under the direction of the Assistant Dean of Development and Placement. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional opportunities and openings, compil es complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, a nd posts annou ncements of new openings to keep the student's information current. While the re are many who practice law, the demand for we ll trained, able young lawyers has not diminished . The rising level of starting sala ries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual 64 practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of those in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national , state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice , where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes past and present governors and United States ~-::nators, cabinet members, department heads, United Nations representatives, diplomats, mayors, attorney generals, prosecutors, legisl ators, and government advisers. In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. �An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation 's largest corporations in such fields as transportation , oil , retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. Graduating students must make their own choice from the array of professional opportunities open to them. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to assist seniors in exploring the possibilities and help in arranging the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send members of the firm to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. 65 �THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw President 1st Vice-President 2nd Vice-President 3rd Vice-Prresident Secretary Treasurer Immediate Past President upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing st udent groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. OFFICERS 1972-73 OFFICERS 1973-74 Henry W. Kenoe, '31 Earl E. Pollock, '53 Patrick W. O' Brien, '50 Raymond I. Suekoff, '3 3 Abraham Fishman, '32 Thomas J. Murphy, '66 Herbert C. Paschen, '29 (dee.) Earl E. Pollock, '53 Patrick W. O'Brien , '50 Raymond I. Suekoff, '33 Francis J. McConnell, '53 Abraham Fishman, '32 Thomas J. Murphy, '66 Henry W. Kenoe, '31 Regional Vice-Presidents ( 1972-73 & I 973-74) Richard J. Flynn, '53, Washington Harry R. Horrow, '34, San Francisco Helmer R. Johnson, '37, New York Laurence Oliphant, Jr., '34, Cleveland Norman M . Sevin, '56, Miami Philip E. Von Ammon, '38, Phoenix Paul Ziffren, '38, Los Angeles BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1973 Isidore Brown, '15 James C. Hardman, '61 George Kelm, '54 Timothy C. Klenk, '67 Milton A. Kolar, '39 Russell H. Matthias, '32 Terms Expiring in 1975 Franklin A. Chanen, '57 Jerome L. Ettelson, '41 Paul Gerden, '40 Crane C. Hauser, '50 Barnet Hodes, '21 Mark E. MacDonald, '67 Terms Expiring in 1977 William W. Brady, '40 John J. Crown, '55 Francis J. McConnell, '53 James T. Otis, '51 Ray J. Schoonhoven, '48 L. Shirley Tark, '16 Terms Expiring in 1974 Milton L. Fisher, '49 Hon. Julius J. Hoffman, '15 William R. Jordan, '48 George M. Keane, '38 William W. McKittrick, '39 Richard S. Trenkman, '67 Terms Expiring in 1976 Esther 0. Kegan, '36 Richard A. Jenkins, '53 Hon. Cecil A. Partee, '46 Robert W. Patterson, '60 Elroy C. Sandquist, '50 Harold D. Shapiro, '52 Terms Expiring in 1978 Isidore Brown, '15 James C. Hardman, '61 George Kelm, '54 Timothy C. Klenk, '67 Milton A. Kolar, '39 Russell H . Matthias, '32 66 �ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES A total of 182 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled in the School of Law in 1972-73. Albion College 2 Allegheny College 5 American University 10 Augustana College ..... . .. . 1 Ball State University ... . . . . l l Barat College .. .. Bcloi t College 2 Boston College 3 Boston University 2 Bo11doin College ..... . . .. . 3 Bradley U niversity 3 Brandeis U niversity 3 Brigham Young· University . . 2 Brown U niversity ......... . 3 California Institute of l Technology ... . .... . California State 2 U niversity of California 7 2 Calvin College 5 Carleton College l Carlow College Carroll College Case \,Vestern Reserve ..... l Catholic Un iversity Chicago State College ..... . l 4 University of Chicago Christian Brothers College .. 1 University of Cincinnati 2 The Citadel ...... .. . . .... . l Claremont College 2 Clark College .. . . . . . .. . 1 Cleveland State University 1 Colga te University ...... . l Colorado School of Mines 1 University of Colorado . . . l Columbia University ... 3 Un ivers ity of Connecticut . . 2 Cornell College . . 3 Creighton University 1 Dartmouth College ..... . .. . 2 Davidson College .. . . 1 University of Dayton 1 Un iversity of Delaware 1 De nison University 2 U niversity of Denver 2 De Paul Un iversity II DePauw University 5 Drake Un iversity 2 Duke U niversity 2 Fairfield College 1 Fordham University 1 Georgetown University 5 George Washington 1 University of Georgia 1 Goucher College 2 Grinnell College 3 Guilford College Hampton Institute ... . . . . . . l Hanover College ....... . . . . 3 Harvard Un iversity University of Hawaii .... . Hofstra University .. . . . .. . . Hope College ........... Ho1rnrd U niversity Illinois College .... Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . Illinois State University U niversity of Illinois Illinois Wesleyan . . . Indi ana Un iversity Iowa College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . loll' a Stale University . . . University of Iowa John Carroll University . . Johns Hopkins University . . Kalamazoo College . . . . . . . Kansas State College Kent State U niversity . . University of Kentucky Kenyon College Knox College . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College Lanisius College . . . . . . . . . . . La1nence University Lincoln College ......... Loras College ........... University of Louisville . . . . Loyola U niversity (Chicago). Luther College . . . . . . . . . . . . Macalester College MacMurray College Marquette University . . Marshall University . . Massac husetts Inst. of Tech.. University of Massachusetts . McPherson College . . University of Miami (Fla.). Un iversity of Miami (Ohio) Michigan State Un iversity of Michigan Millikin University Un iversity of Missouri Monmouth College Mt. Holyoke College Mundelein College National College of Education . . University of Nebraska New College . . . . . . . . . New York Un iversity . . North Carolina State . . University of North Carolina North Central College . . Northern Illinois University. Northwestern University Un iversity of Notre Dame Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University Ohio University . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio Wesleyan University . . University of Oregon . . . . . . Pen nsylvania State University University of Pennsylvania.. l 3 1 1 59 1 4 2 1 5 1 5 2 1 2 1 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 l 5 I 2 2 2 I 2 2 I 2 IO 5 17 I 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 5 74 14 3 7 2 1 2 3 8 University of Pittsburgh . . . Pomona College . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . Queens College . . . . . . . . . . . . Radcliffe College . . . University of Redlands Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst.. University of Rhode Island . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Rochester Rockford College . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt University . . . . . . . Rosary College . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Francis College . . . . . . . . . St. John's College . . . . . . . . . . St. Joseph's College St. Louis U niversity . . . . . . . . St. Mary of the Lake . . . . . . St. Mary of No tre Dame . . . . St. Mary of the Woods . . . . . St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Procopius College University of San Diego . . . . University of Santa Clara . . Sarah Lawrence College . . . . Shimer College . . . . . . . . . . . . Smith College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Illinois University. Stanford University . . . . . . . . Stale University of New York Syracuse University . . . . . . . . Texas Christian University. . Trinity College (Conn.) . . . . Trinity College (Wash. D.C.) Tulane University . . . . . . . . . U nion College . . . U .S. Military Academy . . . . . Utah State University \'alparaiso University . . . . . . Vanderbilt University \ 'assar College . . . . . . . . . . . Washington and Jefferson . . Washington University (Mo.) Wa~eSra~ ........... Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . . Wells College ........... Wesleyan University . . . . . . . Western Illinois University. Western Reserve University. Wheaton College (Ill.) . . . . . Wheaton College (Mass.) . . . Wilberforce University .... . William and Mary . . .... .. . Williams College . . . . . . . . . . . University of Wisconsin . . . . Wittenberg University .. ... . Wooster College . . . . . . . . . . . Xax ier College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . . Yeshiva College .... . . . .. .. . 2 1 6 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 6 I 1 2 2 I 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 1 1 1 5 7 7 2 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 3 1 2 1 3 1 l 4 1 4 8 I 2 4 67 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 14 Academic regulations, 23 Admission, 52 graduate study, 62 Alumni, 64, 66 Application fee, 56 , 63 Attendance, 23 Buildings, 10 Black Law Students Assn., 51 Calendar, 7 Classes, 17 Classrooms, 11 Clearinghouse Review, 40, 48 Colleges and universities represented, 67 Combined degree programs, 22 Corporate Counsel Institute, 45 Course descriptions, 29 Course of instruction , 17 Course load, 24 Course numbering codes, 25 Curriculum, 26, 29 ; three-year, 21 Data assembly service, 52 Degrees, first , 24; graduate, 62 Enrollment, limited, 24 Examinations, 23 Expenses, 55 , 63 Faci lities, 14 Faculty, 5, 18 Fees, 56 , 63 Financial assistance, 57 Graduate study in law, 62 Graduation requirements, 24 Grants, 57 Health se rvice , 15 Honor Code, 50 Honors and prizes, 40 Housing, 14 Legal Assistance Clinic, 45 Legal Publications, 47 Legal writing skills, 20 Library, 11 Linthicum Foundation Program, 44 Loans, 61 Medical service, 15 Methods of instruction, 18 case method, 18 problem method, 19 clinical training, 19 seminars, 20 legal writing skills, 20 Senior Research Program, 20 M .M .-J.D. combined program, 22 Moot court, 49 Northwestern Uni versity Law Review, 40, 48 Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 5 Order of the Coif, 40 Ph.D-J.D. combined program, 22 Placement, 64 Pre-legal study, 54 Publications. 48 Rebates, 56 Refunds, 56 Research assistantships, 51 Rosenthal Lectures, 42 Schedule, typical, 17 Scholarships, 57 Seminars, 20, 27, 28 Senior Research Program, 20, 29 Sociolegal studies, 22 Student activities, 4 7 Student deposit account, 56 Student government, 49 Student residence, 14 Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 49 Supplemental programs, 42 Corporate Counsel Institute, 45 Linthicum Foundation Program, 44 Rosenthal Lectures, 42 Voluntary legal services, 45 other endowed programs, 45 Junior Bar Association , 49 Transfer students, 53 Law Alumni Association, 66 Tuition , 55 , 63 Law and Social Sciences, 22 Visits, 53 Inte rnational legal studies, 63 J.D.-M.M. program, 22 J.D .-Ph.D. program, 22 Journal o f Crimina l Law and Criminology, 40, 47 Law Review, 40, 48 Voluntary legal services, 45 Law School Admission Test , 52 Women's Caucus, 50 Law Wives, 51 Withdrawal, 56 68 �Northwestern University Chicago Campus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Abbott Hall (residence ) Heating plant Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) McCormick Hall (Law School) Montgomery Ward Build ing (Dental and Medical Schools) Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) Passavant Pavilion ( Northwestern Memorial Hospital) Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago Searle Building (Medical School) Thorne Hall (auditorium) 11 . Veterans Administration Research Hospital 12. Wesley Pavilion ( Northwestern Memorial Hospital) 13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening Divisions and Evening Managers· Program) 14. Parking fac ility 15. Parking facility Construction sites 16. Institute of Psychiatry of Northwestern University and 17. Prentice Women 's Hospital and Maternity Center 18. Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago �Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virwe, and if there be any praise, think on these things. Philippians 4:8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">The Law School, 1973-74</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin for the 1973-1974 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1973-1974 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1973] Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Law School Lake Michigan Loop. CONTENTS Where Write Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Office Admissions Admission D Applications Requests Recommendations Financial D Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences App D Ph Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission D Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Roscoe Miller Robert Strotz William Kerr Arthur Schmehling John Fields Raymond Mack David Mintzer Jim Carleton Laurence Nobles William Thigpen Payson Wild Harry Wells LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding John Beckstrom Thomas Edmonds Edward Palmer Kurt Schwerin Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John Beckstrom Robert Bennett Barbara Caulfield William Chamberlin Robert Childres Diane Crawford Anthony Amato Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr Thomas Eovaldi Norman Garland Thomas Geraghty Steven Goldman Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Jonathan Hyman Fred Inbau Yancy Kirby Leon Liddell Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum David Ruder Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Francis Spalding Samuel Thompson Jr Thomas Todd Urban Affairs Jon Waltz LECTURERS Hon Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence Theodore Berger Decedents Estates Trusts William Brady Accounting George Burditt Drug Law Robert Hanley David Hilliard Henry Kenoe John Lungmus Abner Mikva Thomas Nicholson Beverly Pattishall Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro James Sprowl John Stifler Merrill Thompson Timothy Tilton Robert Tucker Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Richard Kurt Lewis ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Arthur Abelson Robert Bramlette Jr Mark Cohen Lyle Gritchen Michael Hertz Barbara Lounsbury Christopher Newman Arnold Pagniucci Gary Saipe Rich Smolev Harvey Sorensen William Streff Jr Alan Wolf Veena Bhatia Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Darlene DeGrazio Doris Dodge Janet Dudek Dean Kiyoko Fujiu Genevieve Johnson Lisa Jolley Dona Laketek Bernice LeBeau Nancy Maxwell Sarah Mingo Krystyna Obuchowicz Mike Re Shelley Shenfield Elizabeth Simon Janet Sites Dorothy Slocum Deborah Thomas Cynthia Thornburg Richard Wieczorek Elizabeth Zurawski NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty Jonath Hyman Barbara Caulfield Diane Crawford Nancy Ketzenberg LIBRARY Kurt Schwerin Leon Liddell Marcelino Catuira Rosita Ramos Frank Daniels Elaine Teigler Stanley Horst NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR LEGAL SERVICES Mary Ader Robert Bennett Sharon Data Marta Pryjma Milada Weber Dr Dorothy Klofkorn Regina Wallen Gail Munden Librarian Barbara Zimmerman Amy Franke Maria Chase Circulation Donald Liszewski Selma Krahn Eugenia Weres George Lee CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Librarian Maxine Bailin Order Department Coordinator Earnestene Beavers Library Assistant Shelleen Franklin Order Department Assistant Bernice Kessler Administrative Secretary Rosie King Clerical Secretary Georgiana Mathisen Bookkeeper PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair Administrative Secretary COMBINED D M PROGRAM Peter Barack Where David Dudley Field Law School Se LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Northwestern School Law Law School Long Law School Early Law School Today Northwestern School THE SCHOOL Unlike Good There Jaw LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop Chicago United States Court Appeals Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University Living University Evanston Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University Pick Staiger Concert Hall Foyer Gallery Fine Performing Arts Complex University Toward Eighties LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Lake Shore Drive Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library School Dean James Rahl About Dean John Wigmore United States England School CLASSROOMS Law School Such Northwestern Lincoln Hall British House Commons School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation Northwestern Western Hemisphere Even Inc School Faculty Library Law School Library Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Latin American Holdings Roman Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments D George Shaw Collection Early European Law Joseph Shaw LLB Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room Western Hemisphere They Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove LIBRARY FUNDS University Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert Gary LLB Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LLB Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LLB Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LLB Mrs Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund Class Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund Herbert Dacks Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro D Circuit Court Cook County Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund Paul Cutler D Cutler Browsing Alcove Smart Family Foundation Two Law School Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Edwin Perkins Foundation Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School On Separate Junior Bar Association Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition JBA Bookstore Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street Indiana On Facilities Floors School Law Rooms All Bed Each Trunks Abbott Hall Plan Abbott Hall Before Students Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Hot Students Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Rental Bills Cashier Office Abbott Hall Applications Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Two Rental Law School STUDENT HEALTH Entering Student Health Service Chicago Montgomery Ward Building Room Medical School Available Student Health Bulletin Supplemental Physicians Student Health Service Room Acute Emergency Room Passavant Pavillion Northwestern Memorial Hospital Students An Health Service Students Director Health Service Specialty Health Service Here Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class There Two Time Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone Today Torts Property Criminal Law Contracts Law School Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Comparative Law Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Each Their Such School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION To Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Under Northwestern Socratic Questions From Problem Method Law School Perhaps Perhaps Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thorne Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic During Moot Court Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Much Law School Seminars Seminars Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before • Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Clearinghouse Review • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Senior Research Program • Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under During Because Law School Depending University University African Senior Research Program Faculty Senior Research Program School THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School During Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law Moot Court Each Thereafter Law School Moreover Civil Liberties Constitutional Law Comparative Law Jurisprudence Perhaps School JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Under National Institute Mental Health National Science Foundation Northwestern D Ph Bar They Applicants Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Ave Chicago Ill THE COMBINED M D PROGRAM Master Management M Juris Doctor D Graduate School Management School Law Under D School Law Graduate School Management Similarly M School Law Joint William Ruckelshaus Administrator Environmental Protection Agency Every An School Management School Law ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs Third Regular Failure Dean EXAMINATIONS Regular · Grades Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Juris Doctor Honors Satisfactory Credit Pass Honors Senior Research Participation Law Review Journal Crim Law Criminology Clearinghouse Review Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School Participation Courses DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law Before University Juris Doctor D School Law Graduation Requirements Northwestern University School Law Northwestern Degrees Graduate Study Law COURSE LOAD Courses On LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Practice School Trial Practice COURSE NUMBERING Each Law School Evidence Civil Procedure Law School University Law School University Procedure Practice Criminal Law Torts Contracts Contract Consequences Property Family Structure Arrangements Business Structure Regulation Taxation Governmental Structure Function Admiralty International Law Foreign Law Social Issues Jurisprudence Legal Philosophy Legal History Required Elective Upperclass Upperclass Seminar Seminar Clinical Senior Research Where Civil Procedure II • CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR COURSES FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Number Name Hours Number Required Contracts Courses Criminal Law Moot Court * Property Torts Elective Course** Total SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Contracts II Constitutional Law Legal Profession Moot Court Torts II Criminal Law Administration International Law Law Social Change Moot One Mi Okumura Bar Association Alumni Assoc Dinn SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Accounting Admiralty Courses Adminitrative Law Offered Advanced Business Assa Partnerships Advanced Problems Constitutional Law Antitrust Law Antitrust Law Business Planning Procedure Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Trial Advocacy Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercia Paper Commercial Paper IO Conflict Laws Conflict Laws IO Corporations Corporate Finance Debtor Creditor Relations Crimi Law Administration Decedents Estates Decedents Estates Trusts Trusts II Evidence Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Federal Corporate Income Tax Income Tax Federal Estate Federal Estate Gift Taxation Gift Taxation Federal Individual Federal Individual Income Tax Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law Labor Law Law Racism Law Social Change Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Assistance Cl Public Private Control Rea Estate Acquisition Land Use Disposition Secured Transactions State Local Scientific Evidence Government Securities Regulation Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice Trial Practice Welfare Litigation Women Law SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Elective Civil Liberties Seminars Computers Law Offered Criminal Evidence Criminal Law Current Problems Economic Development Political Modernization Law Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice Food Drug Law Jurisprudence Law Criminology Law Common Market Legislative Process Urban Housing Problems Elective Course Course Credit Courses Number Name Hours Administrative Law Seminars Regulation Broadcasting Advanced Problems Securities Regu Iation Criminal Appellate Advocacy Environmental Law Equity Restitution Damages Fiduciary Administration Law Poverty Problems Taxation Business Income Legal History Real Estate Development Regulated Industries State Local Taxation Tax Policy Offerin SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Number Name Hours African Law Antitrust Law Policy Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Criminal Evidence Economic Analysis Public Policy Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice International Business Transactions Introduction Civil Law Judicial Administration Labor Law Law Education Law Psychiatry Problems Law Medicine Real Estate Development SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research Registrar Office Director Research DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Second Semesters Messrs Barack Slater Lewis & Assistants Instruction / One Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr Spalding An Among Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs Reese Waltz Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Ci • Procedure United States District Courts Mr Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Reese Procedure Procedure Materials Mr Redish Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Co Mr Reese EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Garland Mr Waltz Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materia Evidence FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course Second Semester Mr Reese History Supreme Court Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course Messrs Garland Geraghty First Second Semesters Training Students Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division Trial Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Hanley Mr Stifler An Circuit Court Cook County Prerequisites Civil Procedure Eridence Materials COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Roberts & Sprowl Materials JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar Second Semest Mr Spalding Consideration Guest Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course First Semester Legal Clinic Staff Mr Hyman Co Required Legal Clinic Clinic Clinical Practice Third Clinic Development Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Ms Crawford Mr Eovaldi Mr Garland Mr Geraghty Mr Hyman Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Federal Defender Program Consumer Fraud Division Illinois State Attorney General Office Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Prerequisite Clinical Practice Orientation Northwestern Legal Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Clinical Practice Orientation Preference Legal Clinic Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs Heinz Concepts Inba Thompson Sowle Cases a Comme Criminal Justice Vol CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course Messrs Garland Second Semester Inbau Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkm Cases Comments Criminal Procedure SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester Mr Scientific Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Semina First Semester Mr Heinz Consideration ·• Materi CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr Inbau Ma CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Aspen Mr Bronner An Ma CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar Not FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Garland Discussion Federal Students Federal Defender Panel Federal Defender Program Classroom Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW TORTS Course First Semester Messrs Redish Slater Protection Prosser Cases Materi Torts Mr Redish Materials Mr Slater TORTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Rosenblum Torts Torts Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS CONTRACTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Bennett DuBose Contracts Article Uniform Commercial Code Materials CONTRACTS Course First Semester Messrs Bennett DuBose Study Statute Frauds Contrac Attention Uniform Commercial Code Materials COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Second Semesters Mr Farnsworth Honnold Comm Law Cases Materials ifor Co Code Official Text Comment SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course First Semester Mr Gordon Secured Extensive Federa Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Co Lt Materials Ed Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semeste Mr Chamberlin Basics Keeton / s ra Law Basic Text Keeton Case Supplement Basic Text Insurance Law EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course Not DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester Mr Eovald Outline Federal Bankruptcy Act Consideration Chapter XIII Bankruptcy Act Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND < ONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Cou First Semester Messrs Gordon Schuyler Int Historical Shelley Casner Leach Cases Te Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Mr Goldman An Materials PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Co First Semester Mr Spalding On On Spa Cases Materials Uses iro me ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course Not INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course Second Semester Messrs Lungmus & Tilton Survey Multilithed URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr Tucker Study Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY FAMILY LAW Course First Semester Mr Beckstrom Paulson Wadlington Goebel Cases Domestic Relations DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester Messrs Berger Chamberlin Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts DECEDENT ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester Mr Schuyler Charitable Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Instructor Second Semester Mr Kirby Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federa Corporate Income Tax Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs Barack Ruder Attention Cary Cases Materials Corporations ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr Brady Principles Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Messrs Rahl & Slater Second Semester Slater Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Mr Hillman An Meltzer Labor Law Cases MMerials Problems TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs Hilliard & Pattishall Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Cases \ Trademarks Trade Iden u Unfair Trade Practices SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr Ruder Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisi/ Corpora/ Finance Jennings Marsh Securities Regula/ CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Messrs Barack Ruder An Securities Act Brudney Chirelstein Cases Malerials Corpora/ Finance Prerequisi/ Corporations ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporation Finance Materials BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporation Fi a Federal Corporate l co Taxation Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Burditt & Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Cases a Malerials Food Drug Law REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar Not ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Not ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Second Semester Messrs Rahl & Slater Advanced Prerequisite / Law Materials LABOR LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Hillman An Prerequisite Labor Law Multilithed SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson An Pedrick Kirby · Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Materials Mr Thompson FEDERAL EST ATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Vo Mr Kirby Mr Thompson FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Subchapte Selecting Prerequisite Federal / di • Income Tax Pedrick Kirby Study Federa Tax Law Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Wolfman Federal Income Taxation Business Enterprise Mr Thompson ST TE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course Not PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Not TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs Gordon Nathanson Gunther Dowling Cases Material Co stitutio Law ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Messrs Nathanson Rosenblum Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Not STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Mrs Netsch Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course First Semester Mr Mikva Studies Materials ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course First Semester Mr Todd Emphasis S Constitution Gunther Dowling / di ·id Rights i Constitutional Law Cases Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr Nathanson Bill Rights Co Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENT AL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney An Bases Materials CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr MacChesney Second Semester Mr Nekam Enforcement Jaw Brief Cramton Conflict Laws Mr MacChesney Reese Rosenberg Cases Conflict Lall Mr Nekam ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy Cases Admiralty INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Schwerin St Anglo American Continental Selected Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Nekam An African Western Problems Jaw Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr Barack An Materials THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar First Semester Mr Nicholson European Economic Community Written Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions /a Area SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Messrs Heinz Hillman Consideration Specific Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course Not WELFARE LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Bennett An Proposals Prerequisite Civil Procedure Materials LAW AND RACISM Course Second Semester Mr Todd An United States Community Materials WOMEN AND THE LAW Course Second Semester Instructor Materials CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester Mr Eovaldi An Statutes Truth Lending Act Fair Credit Reporting Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code National Consumer Credit Act Multilithed ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Mr Schweinitz Materials ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Second Semester Mr Schweinitz Economic Materials LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar Second Semester Mr Rosenblum Analysis United States Materials PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar Second Semester Mr Waltz Selected Waltz Wadlington Problems Law Medicine LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar Second Semester Messrs DuBose Schneider An Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES LEGAL HISTORY Course Not JURISPRUDENCE Seminar First Semester Mr Nekam Problems Legal Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor School HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF Order Coif Northwestern Northwestern Order Co IO THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern University Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW /\ND CRIMINOLOGY Second Jo Crim Law CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW Staff Clearinghouse Review WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Select THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Income Frank Lowden Class BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income Barnet Hodes Class Law Government Each THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius Moot Court Competition Law School AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American Jurisprudence INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF JNSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Each Prentice Hall Inc Federal Tax Guide Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute Trial Practice Institute National Moot Court Competition SUPPLEMENT AL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School Law School Others School THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent School Rosenthal Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Oth Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc United Nations United Nations Adlai Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations Mr Stevenson International Relations International Law John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations Wo Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judici System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Assoc Justice Supreme Court United States Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University Adolf Berle Jr Professor Law Co University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nin Century United States University Wisconsin Press Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary Genera United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations Papale Dean Schoo Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press Rt Rev James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States Participants Max Freedman William Seaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University Northwestern University Press Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press Judge Carl McGowan Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law Arthur Goldberg D Justice S Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press Willard Wirtz United States Secretary Labor Labor Law Northwestern University Press Perspectives Justice Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley S District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School From American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED 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Th Counsellor Cl / Joltn Wigmore Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School School PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Development Placement Placement Service While Each Placement Service Law School Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Northwestern Its United States An Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni Graduating Law School Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School They Moot Court Each American Bar Association An Chicago Henry Kenoe Earl Pollock Patrick Brien Raymond Suekoff Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Herbert Paschen Earl Pollock Patrick Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Henry Kenoe Richard Flynn Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson Laurence Oliphant Jr Norman Sevin Philip Von Ammon Paul Ziffren BOARD OF DIRECTORS Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Milton Fisher Hon Julius Hoffman William Jordan George Keane William McKittrick Richard Trenkman Franklin Chanen Jerome Ettelson Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Esther Kegan Richard Jenkins Hon Cecil Partee Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro William Brady John Crown Francis McConnell James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Attendance Buildings Black Law Students Association BLSA Calendar Classes Classrooms Clearinghouse Review Colleges Combined Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing International D M D Ph Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Social Sciences Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Wives Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Publications Legal Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Medical Methods Senior Research Program M D Moot Northwestern Uni Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph J Placement Pre Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Schedule Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Voluntary Transfer Tuition Visits Voluntary Women Caucus Withdrawal Northwestern University Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Veterans Administration Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Searle Building Thorne Hall Philippians https://plrccollections.org/files/original/7db0a276e62c16ba056cca1609835098.pdf b758d3943e2f79688b0cb24f601817aa PDF Text Text THE SCHOOL OF LAW 1971-1972 �•' �THE SCHOOL OF LAW THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1971-72 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago, Illin ois �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop. �CONTENTS Where to \!\Trite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The School . ... . . . . .... .. . .. . . .. .. . ... . . ... . . .. . ... ... . .. . . . . 12 The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The Life of the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Tuition, Fees and Expenses . . . ..... . ..... .. ....... . ...... . . ... . 76 Financial Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Graduate Study: Admission and Fellowships . . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . 86 The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 Register of Colleges and Universities .. ... . . . ... . .. . ..... ... . . . .. 95 Index .... . . ...... ........ . . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .... .. .... .. ..... 96 Map of Chicago Campus .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . . ....... Inside back cover �WHERE TO WRITE Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Additionally, address mail concerning the particular matters listed below to the specific Law School offices indicated: Office of Admissions Admission to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree: Applications, including applications to transfer Requests for forms or information Recommendations Financial assistance information and forms for candidates for the J.D. degree Registrar Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in a law school Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School Program in Law and the Social Sciences Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J.D. and a Ph.D. should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences Committee on Graduate Studies Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate fellowships Placement Service Placement of students and graduates Law Alumni Association Alumni affairs other than placement service For information on campus housing, write: Manager, Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �CALENDAR FOR 1971-72 1971 SEPTEMBER 9 SEPTEMBER 13 NOVEMBER 24 NOVEMBER DECEMBER 29 6-10 DECEMBER 17 Thursday, 8:30 a.m. Registration and first day of classes for new students Classes begin Wednesday, 5:55 p.m. Thanksgiving recess begins Classes resume Monday, 8:30 a.m. Registration for spring semester Monday-Friday Christmas recess begins Friday, 5:55 p.m. Monday, 8:30 a.m . 1972 JANUARY 3 Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume JANUARY 11 Classes close JANUARY 13-22 JANUARY APRIL 31 Tuesday, 5:55 p .m. Thursday-Saturday Monday, 8:30 a.m. APRIL 10 APRIL 24-28 MAY 19 MAY 24- JUNE 2 JUNE 17 Examination period Second semester classes begin Saturday, noon Monday, 8:30 a.m. Monday-Friday Spring recess begins Friday, 5:55 p.m. Wednesday-Friday Saturday Classes close Classes resume Registration for fall semest~r for students currently enrolled Examination period One Hundred and Fourteenth Annual Commencement SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p .m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m. on Monday through Friday, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. on Saturday, and from 2:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday. 5 �OFFICERS , FACULTY, AN D STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D ., LLD., Sc.D., LH.D., Chancellor ROBERT H. STROTZ, PH.D., President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., LITT.D., Provost WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager ARTHUR T_ ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Vice-President and Controller ROBERT B. LAWSON, M.D., Vice-President for Health Sciences JOHN E. FIELDS, M .E.A., Vice-President for Development RAYMOND W. MACK, PH.D., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WALTERS. OWEN, PH.D., Vice-President for Science and R esearch WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Provost DoNALD D. DEFORD, PH.D., Ass ista nt Vice-President for R esearch Emeritus HARRY L WELLS, B.S., LLD., Vice-President of the University LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D ., Dean and John H enry Wigmore Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D., LLB., Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Law 10RMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Law !GoR I. KAvAss, LLB., Librarian and Professor of Law EDWARD H. PALMER, LLB., Assistant Dean FACULTY JoHN H. BECKSTROM, B.A., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of absence 1971 -72 ROBERT W. BENNETT, B.A., LLB., Associate Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D ., LLB ., Associate D ean and Associate Professor of Law ROBERT CHILDRES, B.A., LLB., B.C.L, Professor of Law ANTHONY A. D'AMATO, A.B., LLB ., PH.D., Associate Professor of Law KARL DE ScHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D ., Professor of Economics and Law THOMAS L EOVALDI, B.S., LLB., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of absence second semester 1971 -72 NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assista nt Dean a nd Associate Professor of Law STEVEN GOLDMAN, A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law JAMES B. HADDAD, B.A., J .D., LLM., Assistant Professor of Law 6 �HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus JOHN P. H EINZ, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law JoRDAN JAY HILLMAN, M.A., J.D., S.J .D ., Professor of Law FRED E. !NBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law !GoR I. KAvAss, LL.B., Professor of Law and Librarian VANCE N . KIRBY, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law GARY S. LASER, B.B.A., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law and Director of Clinical Education BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of Law and Director of Graduate Studies WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR. , A.B., LL.B. , Professor of Law, on leave of absence 1971 ;72 NATHANIEL L. NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law JOHN C. O 'BYRNE, A.B., M.S., LL.B., Professor of L aw JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J.D. , Professor of Law and Director of Research HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LL.B., Professor of L aw JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LL.B ., J.S.D., Dean and John H enry Wigmore Professor of Law WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus VICTOR G. ROSENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D., Professor of Law DAVIDS. R UDER, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law DANIEL M . SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law KuRT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D., Professor of Law Emeritus FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., JD., Professor of Law THOMAS N. ToDD, B.A., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law and Assistant Director, Center for Urban Affairs LAWRENCE W. WAGGONER, B.B.A., J.D., PH.D. (OxoN.), Visiting Professor of Law JoN R. WALTZ, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law LECTURERS ZEAMORE A. ADER, B.S., JD ., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar MARVIN E. ASPEN, B.S.L. , J.D ., Lecturer on Ordinance Violations Problems PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D ., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology 'iiVILLIAM W. BRACKETT, B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Accounting JAMES R. BRONNER, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence GEORGE M. BURDITT, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug L aw ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L., J.D ., Lecturer on Legal Clinic HoN. OTTO KERNER, A.B., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on State and Local Government JoHN B. LuNGMUS, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property BEVERLY W. PATTISHALL, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Trademarks JEROME J. ROBERTS, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law HoN. WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.D., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on Judicial Process 7 �HoN. JosEPH SCHNEIDER, B.S., M .S.W ., J .D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and Partnerships JAMES A. SPROWL, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law MERRILLS. THOMPSON, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug L aw TIMOTHY L. TILTON, B.S., JD. , Lecturer on Intellectual Property TEACHING ASSOCIATE J W. REDDISH, B .A. (Oxon.) ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION THEODORE M. BECKER, A.B. MARILYN J . BLUTMAN, B.A. DIANE L. CRAWFORD, B.A., M.A. ROBERT E . FIELD, B.A., M.A. RAYMOND A. FYLSTRA, B .A. JUDITH E. KUHN, A.B. JAMES L. MARTIN, B.S.B.A. WILLIAM G . MCMASTER, JR., B.A. PETER R. MEYERS, B.A., M.A. WAYNE E. PETERSON, B.A. JUDITH 0. WOLF, B.S. ALLAN I. ZACKLER, B.A. PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., JD., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review JAMES B . HADDAD, B.A., J .D., LL.M., Faculty Adv iser, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D ., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications HARRIET G. CHRISTIANSEN, Secretary SusAN A. MITTLEMAN, Secretary ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CAROL BENZ, Faculty Secretary MARILYN B. CoHN, Secretary to the Associate Dean DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant GAIL A. EARLEY, Secretary, Criminal L aw Program MARCIA G. GUTHRIDGE, A.B., Assistant to the Registrar JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Secretary of Admissions JOAN F. JACKSON, Registrar GENEVIEVE JOHNSON, B.E., Secretary to the Dean HELEN A. KuPROK, Placement Secretary DoNA LAKETEK, B .A., Faculty Secretary AMELIA A. LASHOK, Faculty Secretary BERNICE F. LE BEAU, B.S., Research Secretary SARAH MINGO, Receptionist and General Assistant WENDY H. NixoN, Admissions Office Assistant 8 �KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary FRANK J. PLAZA, Assis tant, Reproduction Department ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary MARLYS SPERGER, Secretary, Criminal Law Program BETTY E. THEISEN, Faculty Secretary KRISTIN A. TowNER, Faculty Secretary M. HOPE TUCKER, B.S., Admissions Office Assistant RICHARD F. WIECZOREK, Head, Reproduction Department ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Faculty Secretary BONNIE H . WINN, A.B., Law Alumni Secretary LIBRARY STAFF IGOR I. KAVASS, LL.B., Librarian ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M .A., Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR. JURIS, M.A. IN L.S., Head, Classification and Cataloging D epartment GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, JD ., Head, Book Selection LILIANE LEVY, LICENSE EN DROIT, Head, Foreign and International Law Sections DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian Esn-IER L. ANDERSON, Secretary ETELKA VAJDA, B.A., M.A. IN L.S., Assistant in Reference and Cataloging JosEPHINE BROWN, B.A., M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger MILADA WEBER, DR. JUR., M .S. IN L.S., Cataloger JoHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in Charge of Stacks MARIA C. CHASE, Reference Assistant in Charge of Circulation SELMA KRAHN, Cataloging Assistant EDWARD J. ROWAN, B.S., Library Assistant EUGENIA WERES, Cataloging Assistant MARIJA KOVACEVIC, Cataloging Assistant JAMES lsAAC, B.S., Library Assistant PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES VICTOR G. RosENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D ., Director MAE CLAIR, Administrative Secretary LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC GARY S. LASER, B.B.A., J.D., Assistant to the Dean and Director of Clinical Education MARK B. EPSTEIN, B.A., J .D., Staff Attorney THOMAS F. GERAGHTY, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney LEE D. GOLDSTEIN, B.A., J.D., Staff Attorney JONATHAN M . HYMAN, A.B., LL.B., Staff Attorney NANCY KETZENBERG, Legal Worker NANCY McCULLOUGH, Legal Worker CLAIRE OsTEMA, Legal Worker CHRISTINA SIEMASKO, Legal Worker 9 ��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ... " -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. Law Study at Northwestern The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with approximately 500 students seeking their first degree in law. A faculty of substantial size permits a close working relationship between student and teacher, fostering professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities. 11 �". . . these noble buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put-the teaching of law." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, June 16, 1927. The School Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Management and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an 12 �The garden within the law School Quadrangle, showing portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960. Abbott Hall, the student residence, is at upper left. auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, Abbott Hall, the eighteen floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, and hospitals which are members of the Northwestern University-McGaw Medical Center. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,500 undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students are enrolled, is twelve miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for cultural activities, athletic events, and interdisciplinary seminars and contacts, is the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the University's current $180 million program of improvement. The First Plan is the initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The second phase · will be based on the report of a faculty committee delineating the University's needs beyond 1971 for both the Evanston and Chicago .J; ,. campuses. The $ 12 ~illion Nortljwestern Univ~rsity Library, key academic facility of thtf' First Plan, opened in January 1970. Other new facilities 13 �already in use or in process of construction include the Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, Rebecca Crown Center, the 0. T . Hogan Biological Sciences Research Building, and ten acres of new lakefill which will be the site of the Norris University Center and an $18 million Center for the Fine and Performing Arts. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a garden. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. 14 �CLASSROOMS The Law School ·contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and third years meet here, numbering typically from ten to twenty students, seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates not only mock appeals but full-scale practice trials. 15 �LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H . Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With about 290,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law school libraries in the Western Hemisphere. More important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their 16 �statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Open stacks and ample working space make the library a comfortable and convenient place in which to study. �i - Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LL.B., 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. 18 �Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to a general University appropnat10n, the Law School Library is supported by a number of special endowments. The major endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LL.B., 1909). In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LL.B., 1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965 established the Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks. The Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H. Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. 19 �In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made a substantial grant for the establishment of a collection on urban affairs. Two gifts to the Law School in 1970 provided for the purchase of books for the library. A substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams increased the library's endowment fund. In 1971 the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore. The income from this fund is to be used for the purchase of books. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for both the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and sweet rolls are available to students and faculty during the morning hours. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. Separate offices are provided for student activities, including the Junior Bar Association, the Law R eview, the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the JBA Bookstore. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoi-ded, and the student can concentrate his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. 20 �For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. All law students residing in Abbott Hall belong to the Law Residents' Association. The purpose of this organization is to bring together the law students living in Abbott Hall and to provide social activities. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement contain common rooms for social and recreational purposes; the upper sixteen have private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott H all Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished . Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The average room rate for the academic year is $400 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. 21 �Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and C<?ld foods are also available in the vending canteen on the second floor. Students may pay cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign board contracts. Students who choose the contract plan get I 7 meals per week and have the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals. The average daily cost of meals on a cash basis is $3.50. The cost of a school year board contract is $600. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January 1, and April 1. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Apartment rentals average $130 a month, including utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service for students of the Law School registered for six or more semester hours is located in the Montgomery Ward Building, Room 2-009, of the Medical School. Medical services and hospital insurance available are described in the Student Health Bulletin each student receives upon registration. To initiate a student's medical record, a physical examination by a personal physician before entrance to the University is required. The Clinic is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p .m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at the Passavant Memorial Hospital. �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight , but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long b attle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull d etails." -Justice Oliver W endell Holmes, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. The Course of Instruction The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go so far as his mind and industry will carry him. 23 �CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that day is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, £roperty, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not onl with ancient learning but witl topics such as urban renewal and air. rights. Criminal Law111ore and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern 24 �correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. TJie law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject' matter of tomorrow-plastics, missiles, the building o skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, Administrative Law, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through 25 �relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling l 75 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method he case method of teaching, employed p.rincipallr in the ormal courses, par:ticularl.y those offered in the first year, ·s ouuded upon the premise that th first objecti_ve of law training ·s to develop an understanding on the parL 0£ the student of _how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. 26 �Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to revert to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional lifethink, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not 27 �upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class sessio is ra ther a set of facts raising Legal problems for which there may indeed. be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Practice Courses Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day when there were no law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time, and is now developed in the course known as Legal Assistance Clinic. In this course, students study legal problems of the poor and then serve in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic under the supervision of faculty members. The Clinic handles all types of civil cases, and the student is given practical experience and faculty instruction in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents. The student also assists the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education. 28 �During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research and analysis for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Legal Writing Skills Every student is offered the opportunity during his Law School career to develop his writing skills. In the first year, he is required to take a course in legal writing and research which provides supervised experience in written communication with particular reference to the field of law. In his second and third years, he gains further experience in supervised writing and may fulfill a requirement for graduation by one or more of the following: Editorial work on the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 29 �Participation in the Senior Research Program. Enrollment in one of the seminars which place special emphasis on legal writing. While most of the seminars emphasize writing, one type has a major objective of furnishing an intensive writing experience. In these seminars, the student is able to fulfill a graduation requirement by presenting preliminary and revised drafts which receive careful editorial criticism prior to his submission of his major paper. Such seminars are indicated by an asterisk (*) in the Bulletin. Another type of seminar is oriented to a greater degree towards advanced research and study in an important substantive field of the law. In this latter type, while submission of a major paper may be required, submission of preliminary drafts is not. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a student with faculty approval may elect to devote up to almost half of his third year to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. During his second year a student interested in this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field, and who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the curriculum, the student may arrange his schedule to include Law School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford him the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening his powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources, including: other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits, with careful advance planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world. For example, several faculty-student teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in different African nations under this program. The faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time 30 �to the research, discussion, and cnuque necessary to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. A number of joint books and articles have been published as a result. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. During his first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and Research meets in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in dealing with them are under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a degree of concentration by the student wishing it. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context. For example, criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar. Perhaps 31 �most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the student to select virtually any combination of elective courses he wishes in his last two years. THE COMBINED M.M.-J.D. PROGRAM A student may earn the Master of Management (M.M.) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if he enrolls in both the Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. (Northwestern now offers the M.M. in place of the Master of Business Administration degree formerly awarded.) If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five years of study, three years in the School of Law with a minimum of 90 semester hours of work and two years in the Graduate School of Management with 24 course units of work. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester hours in the School of Law, an additional 15 semester hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate School of Management. This 15 hours of credit is given, however, only to a student enrolled in the program. Similarly, the M.M. may be earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for 6 course units being given for work completed in the School of Law. The recise order in which work is taken may be determine indiv.' clually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one school and a full year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both law and management during the third or fourth years. This may be varied to suit the needs of the individual student. Every art1C1pant howe er, must complete one' academic year oL study exclusively in each schoo before enrolling for a_program of courses in oth schools. An applicant to the combined degree program should apply separately to each of the schools, following procedures prescribed by each school. To qualify for the combined program, an applicant must be admitted to both schools. After admission, the applicant must signi£y which school he wishes to attend first. A student already enrolled in one school may apply for the combined program by seeking admission to the other school during his first year of study in the School of Management or during either his first or second year of study in the School of Law. A student in the combined program may be considered for financial assistance separately by each school for the first year the student is 112 �enrolled in that school and by both schools during the time he is taking courses in both schools. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the National Science Foundation, Northwestern in 1970 began an integrated joint degree program leading to both the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences. For the student to earn both degrees, a minimum of five years of work is required, including four years of courses, a dissertation year, and two summers of supervised team research. The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as a professional both in law and in social science. The graduates of this program will qualify for admission to the Bar and will be competent to practice law. They will also be fully trained in both the theory and methods of social science, and will be experienced in field research on legal systems. In the initial, experimental phase, the program will admit approximately five carefully selected students per year. Applicants interested in this program may get further information by writing to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences, Northwestern University, 357 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611. GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS To be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete successfully 90 semester hours of work, including all courses specified for the first year and at least one of the following: (a) A Senior Research project. (b) Participation in the work of the Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. (c) Participation in a seminar in which the student submits preliminary and revised drafts for criticism by the instructor prior to submission of his major paper. Seminars in which preliminary drafts are normally required are indicated by an asterisk (*). Further, in other seminars, the student may be permitted to submit preliminary drafts with the prior consent of the instructor. Students who meet the requirement for graduation elsewhere may enroll in seminars denoted by an asterisk and, with the consent of the instructor, be excused from submitting preliminary drafts of their major paper. 33 �Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar or Trial Practice can be accommodated. 34 �CURRICULUM COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hours First Semester Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Introduction to the Legal Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 Two semesters; 2 hours cred it after completion of Second Semester. Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Credit Second Semester Hours Constitutional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Legal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Sales and Secured Transactions. . 3 Torts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 Elective One course elected from the following: Criminal Law Administration, In• ternational Law, Law and Social Change. COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hours First Semester Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Advanced Business Associations-Partnerships . . . 2 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Commercial Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Debtor-Creditor Relations . . . . . 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. 3 Environmental Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and Gift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . . 4 Labor Law ................... 4 Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Legal Assistance Clinic . . . . . . . . 4 Public and Private Control of Land Use .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Unfair Trade Practices . . 2 Trial Practice ... .. . ......... . Welfare Litigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Credit Hours Second Semester Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Business Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Criminal Law Administration . . 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts II 3 Equity, Restitution and Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and Gift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . 4 Federal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Insurance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . 2 International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Labor Law ................... 4 The Law and Racism . . . . . . . . . 2 Law and Social Change . . . . . . . 3 Legal Assistance Clinic . . . . . . . . 4 Real Estate Acquisition and Disposition . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Scientific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Securities Regulation . . . . . . . . . 3 State and Local Government . . . 2 Trial Practice ............... . 35 �SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All seminars carry 2 credit hours except as indicated. Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills and which meet graduation requirements are indicated by an asterisk (*). First Semester Second Semester African Law Antitrust Law and Policy Civil Liberties* Computers and the Law Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Law-Current Problems* Economic Development, Political Modernization and the L aw Estate Planning Food and Drug Law International Business Transactions Law, Ecology and the Global Environment Ordinance Violations Problems State and Local Taxation Tax Policy (I hour) Advanced Problems in Constitutional Law Advanced Problems in Securities R egulation Comparative Law Criminal Evidence Economic Analysis and Public Policy Estate Planning Fiduciary Administration* Jurisprudence * Law and Criminology* Law and Psychiatry Problems in Taxation of Business Income Real Estate Development SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Senior Research Program projects can be scheduled for either first or second semester. Interested students should consult the rules and regulations governing the program in the General Office of the School. 36 �COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course (4 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. D'AMATo, NATHANSON The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federa l government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Lockhart, Kamisar and Choper, Constitutional Law (3d ed.) (Mr. D'Amato); Barrett, Bruton and Honnold, Constitutional Law: Cases and Niaterials (Mr. Nathanson). CONTRACTS MR. BENNETT First Semester Course (4 hours) Study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; an introduction to contract remedies; basic materials on the formation, performance, and discharge of contracts, including certain aspects of third party beneficiaries, assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds. Contractual aspects of the law of agency. Attention throughout to the Uniform Commercial Code. Materials to be announced. CONTRACTS Course (4 hours) First Semester MR. CHILDRES An untraditional study of the traditional law of contracts, condensed to four hours mainly by eliminating problems and cases drawn from periods prior to this century. The attempt is to study contracts as a process. The following traditional categories are included: contract remedies; form and formation; interpretation and construction (including the traditional law of conditions); performance; breach, repudiation and excuse. Specific attention is also given to certain aspects of agency, suretyship, third party beneficiaries, assignment, impossibility and frustration, and the Statute of Frauds. Parts of Article Two of the Uniform Commercial Code and other contemporary formulations of contract doctrine (especially Tentative Drafts of R estatement 2nd of the Law of Contracts) are emphasized throughout. Materials to be announced. CRIMINAL LAW First Semester Course (3 hours) MESSRS. HEINZ, INBAU Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice, Vol. I (3d ed.). 37 �INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL PROCESS Course (1 hour) First Semester MESSRS. EovALDI, TODD An introductory study of the process of trial and appellate litigation designed to assist the student in his understanding of procedural problems encountered in exploring the cases in the basic first-year curriculum. The doctrine of precedent and problems of statutory construction will also be explored. Materials to be announced. LEGAL PROFESSION Course (1 hour) Second Semester MR. SPALDING An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term "practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take (conflict-of-interest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust cause") ; restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Materials to be an nounced. MOOT COURT Course (2 hours) First and MESSRS. HEINZ, KAVASS, SPALDING, Second Semesters R EDDISH; ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Two hours credit awarded upon completion of year-long course. The first semester's work consists of the writing of several papers, long and short, d esigned to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in small groups with an Assistant in Instruction ; individual tutorials with a Teaching Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the full class. The second semester's work consists of moot court cases raising legal issues of current interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing and oral argument. PROPERTY Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GORDON, SCHUYLER Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modern property law. Casner and Leach, Cases and Text on Property (2d ed.) , and supplementary materials. 38 �SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. GARLAND, GORDON Performance of the sales contract, prepayment, risk of loss and rights of creditors and purchasers before delivery of the goods to the buyer; remedies on breach with emphasis on the remedies of the buyer when the goods are non-conforming and the right of the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of credit and credit card transaction; secured credit financing of goods used in a business or by consumers, including motor vehicles and fixtures, and of commercial assets, primarily inventory and receivables; security interest in the proceeds of the collateral and in after-acquired property; the rules of priority with special reference to the priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems @f the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2d ed.), Uniform Commercial Code, 1962 Official Text and Comments (Mr. Gordon); materials to be announced (Mr. Garland). TORTS I Course (3 hours) First Semester MESSRS. RAHL, RosENBLUM Protection of personality, property, and relational interests against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, Pedrick, Rahl, Thode, Hawkins and Smith, Cases on Torts (1968) (Mr. R ahl); materials to be announced (Mr. Rosenblum) . Continued in the second semester; 6 hours credit for the year. TORTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. RosENBLUM, SPALDING See description for Torts I. Materials to be an nounced. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills and which meet graduation requirements are indicated by an asterisk (*) . ACCOUNTING Course (I hour) First Semester MR. BRADY Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accounting. Amory and Hardee, Materials on Accounting (3rd ed.), Faris, Accounting for Lawyers. 39 �ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. NATHANSON A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governments, including the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the deve lopment of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; investigatory and fact-finding processes of administrative agencies; the requ irements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: THE REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. BENNETT An introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process through an intensive examination of broadcasting regulation by the Federal Communications Commission. Initial licensing, comparative hearings, license renewals, citizen standing, the fairness doctrine and other aspects of the regulation of broadcasting will be examined against the background of broader problems of administrative law: the p lace of administrative discretion, fairness in administrative procedures and the methods and scope of judicial review. The course may be taken for two hours credit by those who have had a course in Administrative Law prior to the 1971-72 academic year. Materials to be distr ibuted. ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. MAcCHESNEY General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation , operation, and dissolution of partnerships. Use of partnership in small businesses. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Materials to be announced. ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. GORDON A study of selected cases in constitutional law awaiting decision by the Supreme Court in the current term. Preference will be given to the cases concerned with choosing, avoiding, or timing constitutional adjudication; the problems of federalism in the areas of regulation and taxation ; and limitations on majority rule in religion, education, and the "quality of life." The object is a free-wheeling analysis on the concepts and problems in present constitutional litigation. So far as possible, the materials used will be the briefs filed in the Supreme Court. Each student will be required to submit a written opinion for analysis and criticism by other members of the seminar. 40 �ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATIO N Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. R UDER Intensive examination of protections to inves tors offered by the federal securities laws, particularly S.E.C. Rul e IOb-5. Study of insider trading, management fiduciary duties, tender offers, class and derivative actions, broker-dealer regulation, damages, and p ri vate right of ac tion theories. Materials to be an noun ced. AFRICAN LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. NEKAM An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state and the interest this offers to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary law and its administration, questions of constitutional Jaw and the Jaw of conflicts, the impact of fore ign concepts and values. ANTITR UST LAW First Semester Course (4 hours) MRS. NETSCH Second Semester MR. RAHL Federal, state, and foreign comparative Jaw and policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust Jaw concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of B usiness (1963); R ahl, Cases and Materials on Antitrust Law (1971 ) (multilithed). ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. RAHL Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; selected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas; consideration of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories for particular problems. Prerequisite: course in Antitrust Law or equivalent. BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. SHAPIRO Advanced problems in corporation finance, includin g corporate distributions, recapitalizations and reorganization. Examination of problems in financing businesses, with corollary reference to securities law and taxation. Prerequisite: Corporations. Herwitz, Business Planning. CIVIL UBER TIES Seminar* (2 hours) First Semester MR. NATHANSON Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference to comparable problems in other democratic societies. 41 �CIVIL PROCEDURE I First Semester MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ Course (4 hours) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); Louisell and Hazard, Cases on Pleading and Procedure, and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Second Semester See course description ·for Civil Procedure I. MR. REESE COMMERCIAL PAPER Course (3 hours) First Semester MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, GORDON The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2d ed.) ; Uniform Commercial Code, 1962 Official Text and Comment. COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KAVASS A comparative study of civil law and common law, commencing with a short introductory survey of the fundamental principles of civil law including its sources, techniques and developments; a detailed comparative examination of civil law and common law treatment of selected topics in commercial law, corporation law, and conflict of laws. Emphasis on issues pertinent to international trade. Seminar concludes with an evaluation of the civil law influence in the development of American law. COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. ROBERTS, SPROWL The role of computers in the practice of law and in litigation; legal problems encountered in computer installation and utilization, and in the computeroriented society; the procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law; computerized legal research and law retrieval; and an introduction to computer programming, with emphasis upon legal text manipulation. 42 �CONFLICT OF LAWS Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. MAcCHESNEY Second Semester MR. NEKAM A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. Recommended for third year students. Cramton and Currie, Confiict of Laws (Mr. MacChesney) ; Cheatham, Griswald, Reese, and Rosenberg, Cases on Conflict of Laws (Mr. Nekam) . CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72 An examination of the legal, economic, historical and social setting for the sales of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. The course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collection process. CORPORA TIO NS Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GOLDMAN, RUDER A study of the common law, statutory (state and federal) and administrative framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Consideration will be given to problems of organization, distribution of power, fiduciary relationships, issuance and transfer of securities, the common and distinctive characteristics of various types of securities, corporate distributions, organic changt. and remedial procedures. The growing impact of federal regulation and the expanding role of the Securities and Exchange Commission will be emphasized. Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations. CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. HADDAD A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other state and federal post-conviction remedies. Mimeographed materials. CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. BRONNER An examination of the trial processes of a criminal case. The seminar will focus on analyses of investigatory reports, the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony and arguments to the court and jury. Mimeographed materials. CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. HADDAD, INBAU A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Just ice, Vol. II (3d. ed.) 43 �CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar* (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. HADDAD, lNBAU A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, wage deduction, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquidation ; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Special attention will be given to the impact upon low-income persons of the various collection devices available to creditors and the effectiveness of present and proposed laws designed to protect debtors. Materials to be announced. DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I First Semester MESSRS. RITCHIE, WAGGONER Course (3 hours) Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.) (Mr. Ritchie) ; materials to be announced (Mr. Waggoner). DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. Sc1-1UYLER, WAGGONER Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers of appointment and the rule against perpetuities; introduction to fiduciary administration. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on D ecedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.) (Mr. Schuyler) ; materials to be announced (Mr. Waggoner). ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. DE SCHWEINITZ Economic and legal aspects of the policies industrial societies use to influence the growth and stability of income, the concentration of economic power, and the external balance of payments. Materials to be announced. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. DE ScttWEINITZ The economics of development and the economic and political problems confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in fa. cilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political order. Materials to be announced. 44 �ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. D'AMATO A methodology and systems framework for assessing legal impact upon decisions affecting the environment. Problem areas include depletion of resources, pollution, pesticides, radiation and power generation, overpopulation, technology assessment, and the values of science in the restructuring of societal decision-making. Emphasis upon the dialogue between science and law in environmental litigation. Mimeographed materials. EQUITY, RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Second Semester MR. CHILDRES Course (3 hours) A functional study of the law of form and measure of relief, emphasizing the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The law of restitution both legal and equitable, the other equitable remedies and the law of damages. The attempt is to construct a rational rule structure for these areas, one which is both consistent with most of the cases and responsive to the problems of the day. Childres, Equity, Restitution and Damages, Cases and Materials. ESTATE PLANNING MR. KIRBY First Semester Seminar (2 hours) MR. WAGGONER Second Semester A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Income Taxation. EVIDENCE Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. GARLAND MR. WALTZ Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Louisell, Kaplan, and \,Valtz, Cases and Mat erials on Evidence. FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. NEKAM The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Paulsen, Wadlington and Goebel, Cases and Other Materials on Domestic R elations (1970). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION First Semester Course (2 hours) MR. KIRBY Second Semester MR. O'BYRNE An introduction to the statute law of federal taxation. This course, which deals with the impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of 45 �property transfers during life and at death, should ordinarily be taken before the course in Federal Income Taxation and the seminar in Estate Planning. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems and Materials in Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed) . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION First Semester Course (4 hours) MR. O'BYRNE Second Semester MR. KIRBY The federal income taxation of individuals, trusts, estates, partnerships and corporations; the impact of income taxation on fami ly property arrangements and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. The course is ordinarily taken in the junior year, especially if the student plans to enroll in tax, estate plann-ing or business oriented seminars, or senior research in his senior year. Materials to be announced. FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and II. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts ancl the Federal System; The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar* (2 hours) Second Semester MR. O'BYRNE Advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts. FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. BURDITT, THOMPSON A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Christopher, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug Law. GOVERNMENT AND LAND Seminar* (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72 Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. INSURANCE LAW Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. CHAMBERLIN Basics of insurance law including the principles of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various 46 �types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts) ; the risk transferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc.); recovery by insured notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, estoppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims; and governmental regulation and sponsorship of insurance. Materials to be announced. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. LUNGMUS, TILTON Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets, know-how, confidential disclosures, and typical agreements for the disclosure, license, or assignment of intellectual property. Mimeographed materials. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Emphasis on diagnosis of legal problems of doing business abroad, including export sales; U.S. export controls; agency and distribution agreements; industrial property protection and licensing; joint ventures; corporate organization; exchange controls; tax planning, including use of tax havens and incentives. Assigned reading and special materials. INTERNATIONAL LAW Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. MAcCHESNEY An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; hattfre•la'nd sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Materials to be announced. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar* (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72 A seminar concentrating on the international, constitutional, and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies constituting the United Nations family. Particular attention is directed to the techniques and experiments in conflict, resolution, and peace-keeping, to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development on a worldwide scale, and to the protection of human rights by various international organizations. Prerequisite: International Law. Materials to be announced. JURISPRUDENCE Seminar* (2 hours) Second Semester MR. NEKAM Problems connected with the nature of the law, its purpose, its origin and development. Legal values; the idea of justice; natural law; sanctions . ., 47 �LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) First and Second Semesters MR. HILL21IAN A survey of the development and operation of the legal framework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment. The modern labor union will be variously viewed as a concentration of economic and political power, as a participant in the managerial process, and as a quasi-public institution as regards its relationships with its members and the general economy. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be examined. Materials to be announced. LABOR LAW Seminar* (2 hours) NoT OFFERED 1 1971-72 Selected issues in the formation and administration of public labor policy and in the collective bargaining process. Prerequisite : Labor Law course. Mimeographed materials. LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar* (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HEINZ Consideration of the determinants of society's action in labeling something "criminal," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them from it; and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal law-i.e. whose values the criminal Jaw expresses. LAW AND PO VER TY Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI An examination of the special relationship between law and the status of poverty. One primary focus will be upon those private law problems having a special impact upon poor persons. Examples include problems faced by the poor as litigants and as consumers of real and personal property including the use of installment credit. Another focus of the course will be upon legislative attempts to alleviate the condition of poverty. Finally, the course will focus on methods of legal redress for discrimination against the poor in the formulation or administration of governmental programs ostensibly having no special relation to poverty. Examples include the provision of municipal services. Materials to be announced. LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. BRACKETT, SCHNEIDER An examination of the assumptions, purposes and practices of the legal and psychiatric disciplines as they converge upon problems of mental illness in the civil and criminal Jaw. Materials to be announced. THE LAW AND RACISM Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. TODD An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and 48 �discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting minority racial groups. Emerson, Haber, and Dorsen, Political and Civil Rights in the United States, Vol. II (student ed.); Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders; supplemental materials. LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, RosENBLUM An examination of the relationships between the legal and social orders with emphasis on the law as a process and on the way in which law both responds to and helps bring out social, economic and political change. Certain concrete problems which presently challenge the legal order are considered, attention being given to the resources law possesses in facing these problems as well as to an understanding of law's limitations. Materials to be announced. LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE I Course (3 hours) First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, ROSENBLUM Open only to fellows of the J.D.-Ph.D. Joint Degree Program. LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, ROSENBLUM Open only to fellows of the J.D.-Ph.D. Joint Degree Program. LAW, ECOLOGY, AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. D'AMATO A study of legal and environmental variables in a global system perspective. Demographic trends; transnational effects of air, water, and radioactive pollution; international legal cooperative efforts on the atmospheric and oceanic ecosystems. Limited enrollment, with preference to students who have taken International Law. THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72 A study of international transactions in the context of the Common Market Treaty. Term paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of the Atlantic Area. ·1 LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Course (4 hours) First and Second Semesters MESSRS. KENOE, LASER, Tooo Twelve hours of work per week during each semester in the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Program, working on cases for indigent clients under the supervision of a staff attorney. Classroo·m work varies from two to four hours per week as part of the required twelve hours. Training in counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and substantive and procedural Jaw in fields particularly affecting the poor. Classroom time will also be devoted to discussion of legal problems and jurisprudential issues generated by the students in their work. Most of the students will be certified under Rule 711 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois which authorizes, under certain circumstances, third year law students to practice in the courts of the State. OpeR only to students who have completed the second year of law school and who have completed one semester of satisfactory work in the Legal Clinic 49 �(unless special permission is obtained from the Legal Clinic director). Students may enroll for either semester or for both semesters. Enrollment may be limited by the instructors. Materials to be announced. LEGAL HISTORY Course (2 hours) NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72 A study of the forms of action and equitable remedies used to recover land. The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, exten• sion, and transformation of trial by jury. Consideration is given to the various sources of law and legal change, such as custom, precedent, and legislation, and to the effect of changing social and economic conditions on the development of the law. Mimeographed materials. ORDINANCE VIOLA TIO NS PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. ASPEN An examination of the criminal and civil aspects of ordinance violation trial procedure, with emphasis on the trial of the indigent defendant and his punishment if guilty. The class will participate in the drafting of a set of model rules. Mimeographed materials. PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations, and partnerships. An exploration at both the corporate and shareholder levels of the tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation, and mergers. The taxation of other forms of doing business contrasted therewith. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE First Semester MR. SPALDING Course (3 hours) A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control the use of land. On the private law side, both consensual arrangements (easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and tort devices (nuisance and trespass) are considered. On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning, subdivision control, and pollution control schemes. These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related factual situations -rather than doctrinally. Mimeographed materials. REAL ESTA TE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN An analysis of the basic elements of land acquisition and transfer-the real estate sales contract, deeds, recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development financing including federal programs and secured lending devices; an exploration of additional selected legal problems such as cooperative and condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced. REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN Analysis of selected legal and business problems involved in acquisition 50 �of land, construction and permanent financing, development, and disposition (sale, exchange, and syndication) of a planned unit development. Materials to be announced. REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar" (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72 A consideration of selected problems relating to the economic regulation of several industries subject to varying degrees of administrative control as "regulated monopolies" (e.g. rail, other surface and air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, electric power and banking) ; the public policy goals of regulation; the effectiveness of the administrative process in furthering and balancing these goals; and the extent to which the roles of competition and antitrust regulation remain relevant and operative in these fields. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law, Antitrust Law and Corporations. Mimeographed materials. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (1 hour) Second Semester MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. SECURITIES REGULATION Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. RUDER Intensive examination of the securities law fie ld, including state and federal regulation. Registration and reporting requirements for corporations, brokerdealer and stock exchange regulation, regulation of mutual funds and other investment companies, civil liabilities for violation of securities laws, and the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation; additional materials to be announced. SELECTED PROBLEMS IN THE LAW OF CONFLICTS Seminar (2 hours) NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72 The choice-of-law-process in perspective: the development within the field of contracts; the impact of federal law; the influence of theories and fashions in rationalization. STA TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Second Semester MR. KERNER, MRS. NETSCH Course (2 hours) Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Mandelker, Managing Our Urban Environment; supplemental materials. STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. O'BYRNE Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state and local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes, and death taxes. Hellerstein, State and Local Taxation (3d ed.). 51 �TAX POLICY Seminar (l hour) First Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced seminar in federal taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the federal tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and development, their administration and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for reform and the possible future legislative revision. Restricted enrollment. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. PATIISHALL The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Cases and NI.aterials on Trad emarks, Trade Identity and Unfair Trade Practices (mimeographed). TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries · a relatively uncomplica ted civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County to take the place of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. TRIAL PRACTICE Course (I hour) First Semester :MR. WALTZ Selected problems in litigation , both civil and criminal. Special attention on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements, and closing arguments. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. Davis, Painting the Picture. WELFARE LITIGATION Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. BENNETT An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and problems of litigation, particularly federal jurisdictional problems, encountered in vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against the background of the present law. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I and II or equivalent. Materials to be a nnounced. 52 �ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. HONORS AND PRIZES In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence, thus begun in the School, is reflected today in the long list of awards and prizes in recognition of superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding IO percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. 53 �THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The student Board of the Journal of Criminal Law, like the Board of the Law Review, is selected upon the basis of scholastic standing and competitive writing for publication in the Journal . Election to the Journal board is a significant academic honor. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the faculty . THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0 . Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of Local Government. The first prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key, is awarded to the student who has prepared the best paper on this subject. The second prize is awarded for the second best paper. It consists of approximately $200, a certificate, and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class h as provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. 54 �AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE A WARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insuran ce Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a three-volume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses. INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25 certificate to be used at any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. 55 �DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor Q.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on page 33. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. T he last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of· 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned at Northwestern. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, rnagna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law. 56 �SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal History by Macmillan. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codificat ion Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of O ld and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States Histo ry by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. 57 �In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on " The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichm ent, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H . Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952-53, the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization ; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the 58 �Arthur J. Goldberg '30 returned to the Law School as the Rosentha l lecturer in 1971. He ta lked with law students and visited with the Honorab le Otto Kerner '3 5, former Governor of Illinois (1961-68), now Judge of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appea ls. Mr. Goldberg has been Secretary of Labor (1961-62), Justice of the Supreme Cou.rt (1962-65), and United States Ambassador to the United Nations (1965-68). United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, L eon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability : Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims, " published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: 59 �The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer, " published as a volume under the title B eyond the Law, by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March, 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the Faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W . Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center and formerl y Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a series of lectures on "General Disarmament and World Law," to be published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press. In March 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930), former Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series o f lectures on "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on Its Past, Present and Future." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established m 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and 60 �European authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists and public officials as John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, and W. Willard Wirtz. VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES Recent developments in the law requiring representation for indigent criminal defendants and the proliferation of agencies providing voluntary legal services in civil matters have greatly increased the opportunities for professional experience open to law students. Among the public and private agencies that accept volunteer service by law students are outlying offices of the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities and the Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center, operated for needy residents of Chicago's near north side by a group of young practicing attorneys. The Law School provides outstanding opportunity for voluntary service in its own Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the assistance of grants from the Council of Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure. An extension of the Legal Clinic Program which the Law School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides civil and criminal legal services to persons who are patients of the Northwestern University medical and dental clinics. It serves other individuals and organizations in Chicago as well. In voluntary legal services, all law students may assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial. Third year law students may enroll in the clinical program for credit and may be certified to practice in the courts under Rule 711 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Ann ual Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Institute of Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar Association. The two day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. Over five hundred lawyers attended the most recent Institute. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners and lawyers within corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other 61 �scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review and other journals. CRIMINAL LAW INTERNSHIPS From Ford Foundation grant funds, summer internships are available to a substantial number of freshman and junior law students who have a special interest in the practice of criminal law. The interns are assigned for a summer's work in a variety of criminal justice agencies (e.g. prosecution office, office of public defender or private defense counsel). The stipend for the summer is $1,200. 62 �In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. The Life of The School A well seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 500 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and sixty-six colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 95). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the 63 �Public figures, including alumni, are frequent visitors to the School and participants in its programs. Mr. Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court ponders a hard question in the final round arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Mr. Justice Thurgood Marsh a 11 of the United States Supreme Court reads brief in robing room prior to hearing arguments of the Miner Moot Court competition. Tom C. Clark, former Justice of the United States Supreme Court, confers with Judge Latham Castle '24, Chief Judge John S. Hasting s of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, and student participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Mr . Justice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court prepares for an appearance at the Law School. �student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW One of the most rewarding student activities at the Law School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professional journals, written, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year outstanding students are invited to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is hard work: it requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law Review writers and editors are in great demand upon graduation. The fact that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities £or Law Review participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. 65 �THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE An equally rewarding Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. This Journal, with a worldwide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous publication since 1910. An initial group of students are selected for membership on the Journal staff at the end of their first year based on academic excellence. Others are chosen through a second-year writing competition. The student editorial board holds responsibility for the solicitation, selection and editing of competent material submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars; and for the preparation of publishable student material in the criminal law field. The faculty adviser to the editorial board is Professor James B. Haddad. Work on a legal publication is demanding but most rewarding. Journal experience, like that of Law Review, provides sound qualification for practice in any area of the law. The availability at Northwestern of two regularly published outlets for student research and writing is a rare opportunity. 66 �Final round of 1971 Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition . JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H . Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire sudent body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include former Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930) and Associate Justices Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, and Byron R. v\Thite of the Supreme Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists . STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All students are members of the Junior Bar Association and through it contribute to the educational and recreational programs of the Law School. JBA committees are responsible for many activities, including the orientation program for new students, Parents Day, Law Day, 67 �and a student-run bookstore which handles used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to the School as part of the JBA Speaker's Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following such programs. The JBA plans several social and recreational programs throughout the academic year, including student-faculty coffee hours, informal socials, and a film series with full-length feature movies. Other social activities are planned each year to reflect the interests of the student body. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, for its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a 68 �full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of special note that this system has been chosen by the students and that students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each year a number of second and third year students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for the opportunities they afford for close participation in the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the faculty. LAW WIVES Recognizing the importance of the wife's role in aiding her husband's study of law, the Law Wives organization provides an opportunity for the student wife to understand something about the subject which consumes so much of her husband's time. The Law Wife may enjoy an informal talk by a faculty member on law study or a legal problem of general interest, or she may spend the evening socializing with other student wives. Occasionally, professors have conducted mock law classes for the wives to give them a firsthand view of the educational process in which their husbands are involved. 69 ��"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $ 100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. Admission to the School Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the U.S. and from abroad. In recent years there have been ten or more applicants for each place in the entering class. The admission policies of Northwestern University are not predicated upon any consideration whatever of race, color, or creed, but completely upon the competence of the individual. Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. 71 �Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) of the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J. A pre-addressed postcard for requesting an LSDAS registration form is provided with each Northwestern University School of Law application form. The LSDAS form must be requested from the Educational Testing Service and returned directly to ETS, not to the Law School. The LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, from each college and university attended, regardless of the number of hours of credit received. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree directly to the Law School. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which m ay be obtained directly from the Educational Testing Service. The test may be taken either before or after the Law School application form and LSDAS registration form are filed. An applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to take the test in the fall preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant. LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service ($5 for the initial designated law school and $2 for each additional school) is paid by the applicant directly to the Educational Testing Service. The full details of the Law School Data Assembly Service accompany the registration form. An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from two college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must also be accompanied by an application fee of $20 which is not refundable. 72 �VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are made by a faculty committee, a personal interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those considering his case. An applicant who wishes to supply special information concerning his application should submit a written statement. Most questions can be answered by the Secretary of Admissions, who is available for conferences with applicants. Appointments should be a rranged in advance by mail or telephone. WHEN TO APPLY The completed application form should be submitted by January 1. Applications not completed by March 1 will be considered only if spaces are available. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. Applicants for financial assistance must apply by March 1. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a non-refundable deposit of $100 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within twenty-one days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward tuition and fees. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study and upon the factors 73 �which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $20 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of which is a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report must be furnished. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school 74 �trammg. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force . English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to test his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. 75 �Tuition, Fees and Expenses The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $4,500 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total, about $2,700 is required for tuition, fees, books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades. of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1971-72 Full tuition, graduate or undergraduate, each semester .............. $1,250· Part-time tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125· Auditor's fee, each class hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Prosecution and Defense Program ............................ .... 1,250· Resident in Research fee, each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30· Subsequent years Increases in tuition may be anticipated for subsequent years. Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates. for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $125 a credit hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars. for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident in Research fee. 76 �FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged: Application fee ................... ... ..... . ....................... $20 Not transferable; not refundable. Late registration fee ................. ... ........... ............ .... 10 Late Health Service requirement fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . For students who do not complete the initial Health Service requirement as specified in the Student Health Bulletin. 2 Graduation fee: J.D., LL.M, or S.J.D ....................... .... ..... 10 Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Duplicate transcript of record, each . ............................... . Mimeograph Fee In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. A flat charge of $12.50 each semester for undergraduates covers the cost of supplies and labor to prepare such supplementary materials. In a few instances, when instructors prepare mimeographed materials to replace an entire casebook, an add itional charge is made. Advance Deposit An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is app lied as part payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable. PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are due in the first few weeks after the beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration . The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School of Law. Except for students who are compelled to withdraw because of compliance with military orders, students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the elate on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition . 77 �- REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students in the following categories are eligible to apply for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern. Information concerning these rebates and application blanks are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before registration each term. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. 78 �Financial Aid The Law School is committed to providing all possible assistance to a law student so that he may reach his educational goal. However, scholarship and loan funds available for this purpose are quite limited. Thus, n0t all students who demonstrate financial need may be given financial assistance. Each application for financial assistance is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship grants and repayable grants. The committee expects that each applicant will obtain as much financial assistance from other sources as is possible. For example, those students who qualify for the "State Guaranteed Loan Program" are expected to obtain such loans. Information about this program may be obtained from the applicant's local hank. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application for financial assistance is initiated by registering with the Law School Financial Aid Service (LSFAS), administered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J. The registration form is in the Law School Admission Bulletin of Information, published by ETS. LSFAS will send each registrant all necessary forms and instructions. LSFAS will collect and analyze financial data for the applicant, the spouse or prospective spouse of the applicant, and the applicants' parents or guardians. This combined financial aid form and analysis will then be submitted to the Law School for consideration. An application for financial assistance need not be processed with the application for admission, but should be completed as early as possible. In any event, all forms should be submitted to LSFAS not later than March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. Information on when to apply for admission is on page 73. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to substantial sums provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law 79 �School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law students at Northwestern: Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. 80 �Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need who is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $77,000 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law . From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a student in the Law School. Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books for financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books to be used each year by a male freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. 81 �Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the 82 �School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone. Commencing in September 1971, for a period of not less than five nor more than ten years, the fund is to be used to provide annual scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000 nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students until the principal and accumu lation of the fund are exhausted. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October, 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc., to a worthy student in the Law School who is in need of financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, Harold Hoon Wo Wong of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. 83 �L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $35,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. George M . Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane. The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years. Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law student. Robert Crown Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law School by John Crown of the Class of 1958 in memory of his brother, Robert Crown, to provide scholarship assistance to a student of the Law School to be selected by the Dean. Robert Crown Memorial Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law School by Newton Minow of the Class of 1950 in memory of Robert Crown to provide scholarship assistance to a needy student of the Law School to be selected by the Dean. Schradzke, Gould and Ratner Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law School by the law firm of Schradzke, Gould and Ratner to provide scholarship assistance to a student in the Law School to be selected by the Dean. Arnold I. Shure Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law School by Arnold I. Shure to provide scholarship assistance to a student of the Law School selected by the Dean. Joseph E. Clayton, Jr. Scholarship Fund. Gifts of $1,000 each were made by R. Eugene Pincham of the Class of 1951 and Cecil A. Partee of the Class of 1946, and contributions actively solicited from others to establish a fund honoring the memory of Joseph E. Clayton, Jr. Either the principal or interest of the fund may be utilized to provide grants or loans to deserving students, at the discretion of the Dean. 84 �Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty members and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship support for deserving minority group students. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student. Altheimer, Gray, Naisburg, Strasburger & Lawton Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law School by the firm of Altheimer, Gray, Naisburg, Strasburger & Lawton to provide scholarship assistance to a student in the Law School to be selected by the Dean. C. Lysle Smith Scholarship. In 1971, C. Lysle Smith of the Class of 1920 pledged $10,000, payable over a period not to exceed five years, to provide scholarship assistance to a student or students selected by the Dean. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. R aymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial asisstance. In 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. 85 �Graduate Study: Admission and Fellowships The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally 86 �are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than IO semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose require87 �ments for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on pages 76-78 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be approximately $2,000. Accomodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. FELLOWSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. The amount of the fellowship is $3,800. After provision for payment of tuition and fees, the balance is paid in ten installments, the first on September 15. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only. Graduate fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. 88 �In this century four distinguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of Law. The present Dean is John Ritchie wh o assumed the post in 1957. "Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law." - " The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 The School and its Alumni The associations formed in the years of study at the Law School are lifelong. The School, through its Placement Service, offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in self-realization and contribution. The School's alumni assist in keeping alive memories and friendships of student days and provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student JOms the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of the Assistant Dean of Development and Placement . . Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional 89 �opportumt1es and openings, compiles complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. While there are many who practice law, the demand for well trained able young lawyers has not diminished. The rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of those in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the faculty before his appointment as Secretary of Labor by President Kennedy in 1962, later addressed a Law School gathering . 90 �in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes past and present governors and United States senators, cabinet members, department heads, diplomats, mayors, attorney generals, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years, a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary, Northwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of teaching law are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great; however, through the years Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have 91 �Alumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion. served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance . In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement 92 �in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. 93 �Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1970-71 : OFFICERS, 1970-71 President GORDON w. Regional Vice-Presidents '37 WINKS, WILLIAM M . BARVICK, Kansas City First Vice-President HON. HERBERT C . PASCHEN, Third Vice-President EARLE. POLLOCK, EUGENE KART, FRANCIS Washington San Francisco '31 J. '53 '34 HELMER R. JOHNSON, New York '53 '37 LAURENCE OLIPHANT, JR., Cleveland Secretary Treasurer RICHARD J. FLYNN, HARRY R. HoRRow, Second Vice-President HENRY W . KENOE, '29 '61 NORMAN M. SEVIN, '36 Miami '53 McCONNELL, PAUL ZIFFREN, Los Angeles '34 '56 '38 Immediate Past President DANIEL WALKER, '50 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1971 PAUL J. FURLONG, '47 Terms Expiring in 1974 ARTHUR W. BROWN, JR., '42 ESTHER 0 . KEGAN, '36 ALBERT W. POTTS, '29 ELROY C. SANDQUIST, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 DAVID M. GOODER, Terms Expiring in 1972 JOHN J. CROWN, '55 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '32 L. FISHER, J. HON. JULIUS WILLIAM PATRICK W. w. McKITTRICK, '40 PAUL GERDEN, CRANE C . HAUSER, '33 Terms Expiring in 1973 ISIDORE BROWN, ' 15 JAMES C . HARDMAN, '61 GEORGE KELM, '54 TIMOTHY C. KLENK, MILTON A. KOLAR, RUSSELL H. '67 '39 MATTHIAS, '50 Terms Expiring in 1975 FRANKLIN A. CHANEN, '57 JEROME L. ETTELSON, '41 '31 '40 RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF, '64 '38 O'BRIEN, HORACE W . JORDAN, '5 1 '49 HOFFMAN, GEORGE M. KEANE, HoN. SIDNEY A . JoNEs, JAMES T. OTIS, 94 MILTON '32 BAR NET HODES, '21 '50 MARK E. MACDONALD, '67 ' 15 '39 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES A total of 166 colleges and enrolled in the Law School in Adelphi College . . . . . l Alfred University . . . . l Allegheny College . . . . 3 Alvemo College . . . . . I American University 3 Antioch College . . . . . . l Arizona State U . . . . . . 2 Augustana College . . . 2 Bara t College . . . . . . . l Blackburn College . . . l Boston College . . . . . . 4 Boston University . . . l Bowdoin College . . . . I Bradley University . . . 2 Brandeis U niversity . . 3 Brigh am Young U . . .. Brooklyn College Brown University .. .. Butler University . . . . I California State . . . . . . 4 U. of California . . . . . . 8 Cani siu s College . . . . . 2 Catholic University . . I Carleton College . . . . . 3 Carroll College . . . . . . 2 Case Western Reserve. 3 Central State College . . I Chi cago State College . I Chicago Teachers . . . . U. of Chicago .. .... . . T he Citadel . . . . . . . . . l U. of Cincinnati . . . . . 3 City College of N . Y... l Colgate University . . . 2 Colorado College . . . . l Colo. Sch. of Mines l U . of Colorado . . . . . . l Columbia University. . 2 Con necticut College . . I Co rnell College . . . . . . 2 Cornell Univers ity . . . 2 Creighton Uni versity . . l Dartmouth College 3 U . of Dayton . . . . . . . . 3 Denison University . . . 2 U. of Denver . . . . . . . . 5 De Paul University . . 8 DePauw U niversity . . 8 Dickinson College . . . I Drake University . . . . I U. of Dubuque . . . . . . l Duke University . . . . . l Eastern Illinois U. . . . l F isk University . . . . . . 2 Florida State U ..... . Fordham Un iversity . . universities were represented by one or more graduates 1970-71. U. of Oregon . . . . . . . . l Georgetown U. . . . . . . 4 George Washington . . I P enn State U. . . . . . . . 5 Grinnell College . . . . . 4 U. of Pe nnsylvania . . . 4 U. of Pittsburgh . . . . . I H a mline University . . l H a nover College . . . . . 2 Pitzer College . . . . . . . l H arvard University . . 2 Prince ton U. . . . . . . . . 7 U. of Hawaii . . . . . . . . l Providence College . . . l Hiram College . . . . . . . 2 Queen s College . . . . . . l Hol y Cross ... . .. .. .,_,. 2 Quincy College . . . . . . I R adcl iffe College . . . . . 2 Hood College . . . . . . . . l R a ndolph-Macon . . . . I Hope College . . . . . . . . l U. of Rochester . . . . . . l Howard U niversity . . . 5 Rockford College . . . . l Hunter College . . . . . . I Roosevelt U. 3 Illinois College . . . . . . 1 R osary College . . . . . . l Illinois State U. . . . . . l St. John 's College . . . . I U. of Illinois 75 St. Kieran's . . . . . . . . . I Illinois Wesleyan U. . . l St. Louis U. . . . . . . . . . 4 Indiana State U. . . . . . 2 St. Mary of Lake . . . . . I Indian a U niversity . . . 7 1 St. Norbert College Iowa State U . I St. Olaf College . . . . . . 1 U. of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 2 San Diego State . . . . . 2 J amestown College . . . l San Francisco State l J o hn Carroll . . . . . . . . 1 U. of Santa Clara . . . . l Johns Hopkins . . . . . . 3 Sarah Lawrence I Kalamazoo College . . . 4 Shimer College . . . . . . l Kenyon College . . . . . 4 Smith College . . . . . 4 Knox College . . . . . . . . 8 Stanford University . . l Lake Forest College . . 3 State U . of N. Y. . . . . l Lawrence Un iversity. . 3 Stetson U nivers ity . . . 1 Lemoyne College . . . . l Stout Sta te U. . . . . . . . 1 Loras College . . . . . . . 2 Syracuse University 2 U. of Louisville . . . . . 1 U. of Texas . . . . . . . . . l Loyola (Chicago) . . . . 16 Trinity College 2 Marquette U. . . . . . . . 4 Tufts U niversity . . . . . l U. of Maryland . . . . . . I Tulane U niversity . . . 6 U. of Massachusetts . . 3 U. S. Military Acad... l Miami U nive rsity . . . . 8 I U. of Utah . . M ichigan Sta te 6 U. of Michigan . . . . . . 8 Vanderbilt U. 4 U . of Missouri . . . . . . . 3 U. of Virgini a U. of Wash ington Monmouth College .. Washington a nd Mt. Holyoke College l U. of Neb raska . . . .. J efferson College Washington U . .. ... . 8 U . of Nevada Wayne Sta te U . .... . . l Newcombe College .. . Wesleyan University . . 2 New York University . . l Western Illinois . . .. . l U. of No rth Carolina. l Western Michigan .. . l No rth Dakota State .. 1 Wheaton College ... . 3 North Park College .. 1 Wilberforce U ..... . . I Northern Illinois .... 6 William and Mary . . . l Northwestern . . . . . . . . 62 Williams College . . . . 2 No tre D ame . .. ..... . 20 Wittenberg U. l Oberlin College .... . 3 U . of W isconsin ..... 13 Ohio State U .... ... . 5 Yale University . . . . . . 6 Ohio University . . .. . 3 Ohio Wesleyan .... . . I 95 �IN DEX Abbott Hall, 13, 20 Academic regulations, 53 Admission, 71 application fee, 72, 77 application for, 71 -73 graduate study, 86 pre-legal study, 74 transfer, 73 tuition deposit, 73 , 77 visits to the school, 73 when to apply, 73 Alumni, 89 Application fee , 72, 77 Attendance, 53 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 5 Classes, 24 Classrooms, 15 Colleges and universities represented, 95 Combined degree programs, 32, 33 Corporate Counsel Institute, 61 Course descriptions, 37 Cours<l of instruction, 23 Course load, 34 Courses, required , 33 Criminal law internships, 62 Curriculum, 35 ; three-year , 31 Data assembly service, 72 Degrees, first, 56; graduate, Si Enrollment limited, 34 Examinations, 53 Expenses, 76, 88 Facilities, 20 Faculty, 6, 25 Fees, 76, 77, 88 Fellowships, 86 Financial assistance, 79 Graduate study in law, 86 Graduation requirements , 33 Grants, 79 Health service, 22 Honor Code, 68 Honors and prizes, 53 Housing, 20 International legal studies, 88 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology a11d Police Science, 66 Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 67 Junior Bar Association, 67 96 Law Alumni Association, 93 officers and directors, 94 Law and Social Sciences, 33 Law Review, 65 Law School Admission Test, 72, 74 Law Wives , 69 Legal Assistance Clinic, 28, 49, 61 Legal writing skills, 29 Library, 16; funds, 19 Linthicum Foundation Program , 60 Loans, 85 Medical service, 22 Methods of instruction, 25 case method, 26 legal writing skills, 29 practice courses, 28 problem method , 27 seminars, 29 Senior Research Program, 30, 36 M.M.-J .D. combined program , 32 Moot court, 67 North western University Law Review, 65 Officers, Faculty and Staff, 6-9 Order of the Coif, 53 Ph.D .-J.D. combined program, 33 Placement, 89 Pre-legal study, 74 Publica tions, 65 Rebates, 78 Refunds, 77 Research assistantships, 69 Rosenthal Lectures, 57 Schedule, typical, 24 Scholarships, 79 Seminars, 29, 36 Senior Research Program, 30, 36 Sociolegal studies, 33 Student activities, 63 Student deposit account, 78 Student government, 67 Student residence, 20 Supplemental programs, .~7 Corporate Counsel Institute, 61 Criminal law internships, 62 Linthicum Foundation Program, 60 Rosenthal Lectures, 57 Voluntary legal services, 61 Transfer students, 73 Tuition, 76, 77, 88 Voluntary legal services, 61 Withdrawal, 77 �13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 EAST CHESTNUT STREET A B C H 13 12 11 10 9 7 8 6 5 3 2 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus 1. Abbott Hall (Residence) 2. Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital 3. Heating Plant 4. Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 5. McCormick Hall (Law School) 6. Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Dental and Medical Schools) 7. Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) 8. Passavant Memorial Hospital (Patterson Memorial Building) F2 D8 G3 D4 E5 D6 E7 F7 9. Rehabilitation Institute 10. Searl e Building (Medical School) 11. Thorne Hail 12. Veterans Administration Research Hospital 13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening Di visions and Graduate School of Management) L4 E6 E3 H6 E5 Future Proposed Sites 14. Women's Hospital and Maternity Center of Chicago 15. Rehabilitation Institute F6 F4 �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">The School of Law, 1971-1972</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin for the 1971-1972 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1971-1972 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource [1971] Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE SCHOOL OF LAW THE SCHOOL OF LAW THE ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop CONTENTS Where Write Calendar Officers Faculty Staff Law Study Northwestern School Course Instruction Life School Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Aid Graduate Study Admission Fellowships School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois Additionally Law School Office Admissions Admission J D Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J D Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences Applicants J D Ph D Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission J D Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS FACULTY AN D STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS RoscoE MILLER ROBERT STROTZ PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR ARTHUR ScHMEHLING ROBERT LAWSON JOHN FIELDS RAYMOND MACK WALTER OWEN WILLIAM BRADFORD DoNALD DEFORD HARRY L WELLS LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN NORMAN GARLAND IGoR KAvAss EDWARD PALMER FACULTY JoHN BECKSTROM ROBERT BENNETT WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN ROBERT CHILDRES ANTHONY D'AMATO KARL DE ScHWEINITZ THOMAS EOVALDI NORMAN GARLAND STEVEN GOLDMAN IRVING GORDON JAMES HADDAD HAROLD HAVIGHURST JOHN H EINZ JoRDAN JAY HILLMAN FRED !NBAU IGoR KAvAss VANCE N KIRBY GARY LASER Clinical Education BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY WILLIAM McGOVERN JR NATHANIEL NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH JOHN O'BYRNE JAMES RAHL HARRY REESE JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM RoALFE VICTOR ROSENBLUM DAVIDS R UDER DANIEL M SCHUYLER KuRT SCHWERIN FRANCIS SPALDING THOMAS ToDD Center Urban Affairs LAWRENCE WAGGONER JoN WALTZ LECTURERS ZEAMORE ADER MARVIN ASPEN PAUL J BOHANNAN WILLIAM BRACKETT WILLIAM BRADY JAMES BRONNER GEORGE BURDITT ROBERT HANLEY HENRY KENOE HoN OTTO KERNER JoHN LuNGMUS BEVERLY PATTISHALL JEROME ROBERTS HoN WALTER SCHAEFER HoN JosEPH SCHNEIDER HAROLD SHAPIRO JAMES SPROWL MERRILLS THOMPSON TIMOTHY TILTON TEACHING ASSOCIATE W REDDISH THEODORE BECKER MARILYN J BLUTMAN DIANE CRAWFORD ROBERT FIELD RAYMOND FYLSTRA JUDITH KUHN JAMES MARTIN WILLIAM G MCMASTER JR PETER MEYERS WAYNE PETERSON JUDITH WOLF ALLAN ZACKLER DAWN CLARK NETSCH University Law Review JAMES HADDAD Criminology Police Science MARVIN WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE CHRISTIANSEN HARRIET CHRISTIANSEN SusAN MITTLEMAN CAROL BENZ MARILYN CoHN DIANA DENISON GAIL EARLEY MARCIA GUTHRIDGE JUDITH HAGGENJOS JOAN JACKSON GENEVIEVE JOHNSON HELEN KuPROK DoNA LAKETEK AMELIA LASHOK BERNICE LE BEAU SARAH MINGO WENDY NixoN KRYSTYNA OBUCHOWICZ FRANK PLAZA ELIZABETH SIMON MARLYS SPERGER BETTY THEISEN KRISTIN TowNER HOPE TUCKER RICHARD WIECZOREK ELEANOR WILLIAMS BONNIE H WINN LIBRARY STAFF IGOR KAVASS ELAINE TEIGLER MARTA PRYJMA GOLDIE GREEN 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R EDDISH ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Two ' Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis PROPERTY Course First Semester MESSRS GORDON SCHUYLER Introduction Historical Shelley' Casner Leach Cases Text Property SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Second Semester MESSRS GARLAND GORDON Performance Extensive @ Federal Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments Mr Gordon Mr Garland TORTS Course First Semester MESSRS RAHL RosENBLUM Protection Green Pedrick Rahl Thode Hawkins Smith Cases Torts Mr R Mr Rosenblum Continued TORTS II Course Second Semester MESSRS RosENBLUM SPALDING See Torts Materials SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars * ACCOUNTING Course First Semester MR BRADY Principles Amory Hardee Materials Accounting Faris Accounting Lawyers ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester MR NATHANSON Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THE REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Second Semester MR BENNETT An Federal Communications Commission Initial Administrative Law Materials ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester MR MAcCHESNEY General Jurisdiction Healy Currie Cases Admiralty ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester MR SHAPIRO Analysis Use Development Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Second Semester MR GORDON Supreme Court Preference So Supreme Court Each ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Second Semester MR R UDER Intensive S E C Rule IOb Study Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar First Semester MR NEKAM An African Western Problems Jaw Jaw ANTITR UST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MRS NETSCH MR RAHL Federal Jaw Jaw Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation B R Cases Materials Antitrust Law ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar First Semester MR RAHL Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester MR SHAPIRO Advanced Examination 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Ordinarily He Tuition Fees Expenses TUITION FEES Advance Deposit An PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier' Office Abbott Hall Division Student Finance Abbott Hall WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official Registrar School Law Students Students Regardless Registrar Law School REBATES TO FACULTY STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate University Northwestern Information Student Finance Office Abbott Hall Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier' Office Abbott Hall Students There Financial Aid Law School However Thus n Each State Guaranteed Loan Program Information These MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application Law School Financial Aid Service LSFAS Educational Testing Service Princeton N J Law School Admission Bulletin Information ETS LSFAS LSF AS Law School An LSFAS Information SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law School Northwestern Francis Kosmerl Scholarships Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund Northwestern University Mrs Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund Mrs Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Weinfeld Scholarships Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation Amounts Dean Law School Ware Scholarship Mrs Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship Frederic De Young LL B LL D Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs Herbert University School Law Illinois Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund Anna Louise Raymond Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund Wellington Walker Chicago Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund From Elmer Smith Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships Since Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law From Mrs Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School Blumberg Book Loan Fund Nathan Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean Class Scholarship Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund From Ernest Schroeter Class Thad Talcott Jr Scholarship Fund From Thad Talcott Class Floyd Thompson Scholarship Floyd Thompson Mrs Floyd Thompson Mrs Goff Beach Jr Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs Edna Williams David Campbell Fund From David Campbell Class Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund Edna Folonie Law School City Products Corporation Scholarship Since City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois Law School Virgil Day Scholarship Fund Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr Dean Law School School Annual General Electric Company Mr Day Theodore Stone Scholarship An Theodore Stone Class Mrs Stone Commencing Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr Scholarship American Federation Television Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr Class Mr Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve Federation Law School Armed Forces Armed Forces John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships Students Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Th Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc Law School Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright Income Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship Mrs Harold Hoon Wo Wong Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Class Income Hawaii Dean School Shirley Tark Scholarship Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago George M Keane Scholarship Law School George Keane Dean Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund Mrs Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean' Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund Orville Taylor Robert Crown Scholarship Law School John Crown Class Robert Crown Law School Dean Robert Crown Memorial Scholarship Law School Newton Minow Class Robert Crown Law School Dean Schradzke Gould Ratner Scholarship Law School Schradzke Gould Ratner Law School Dean Arnold Shure Scholarship Law School Arnold Shure Law School Dean Joseph Clayton Jr Scholarship Fund Gifts Eugene Pincham Class Cecil Partee Class Joseph Clayton Jr Either Dean Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Law Alumni Scholarship Fund Altheimer Gray Naisburg Strasburger & Lawton Scholarship Law School Altheimer Gray Naisburg Strasburger & Lawton Law School Dean Lysle Smith Scholarship Lysle Smith Class Dean LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs N R Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr Hodes' American Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association Inquiries Office Admissions Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund Graduate Study Admission Fellowships Law School One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies English Experience English English Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL M Doctor Juridical Science S J D Master Laws LL M Master Laws University Also School IO Students Each ' Graduate Committee During Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Doctor Juridical Science S J D Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accomodations University' Chicago FELLOWSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES James Nelson Raymond Fellowship After Normally Fellowships Graduate Students Successful School Alumni Northwestern' School Law Dean John Ritchie Old Northwestern! Counsellor' Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School School Placement Service School' School PLACEMENT Northwestern JOms Law School Law School Assistant Dean Development Placement Placement Service opportumt While Each Placement Service Law School' Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working After Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor President Kennedy Law School Others Law School United States Northwestern Presidential Law School Northwestern Openings Northwestern Its United States Northwestern Alumni Law School An Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni From Law School' Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Law School Placement Service Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School They Law School' Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School Moot Court They Each American Bar Association Chicago Also Chicago Officers Law Alumni Association GORDON WINKS HON HERBERT C PASCHEN HENRY W KENOE EARL POLLOCK EUGENE KART FRANCIS McCONNELL WILLIAM M BARVICK RICHARD FLYNN HARRY HoRRow HELMER JOHNSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT JR NORMAN SEVIN PAUL ZIFFREN DANIEL WALKER BOARD OF DIRECTORS PAUL FURLONG DAVID GOODER ESTHER KEGAN ALBERT POTTS ELROY SANDQUIST HAROLD SHAPIRO JOHN CROWN ABRAHAM FISHMAN HoN SIDNEY JoNEs HORACE JORDAN JAMES OTIS RAYMOND SUEKOFF ISIDORE BROWN JAMES C HARDMAN GEORGE KELM TIMOTHY KLENK MILTON KOLAR RUSSELL MATTHIAS ARTHUR BROWN JR MILTON FISHER HON JULIUS HOFFMAN GEORGE KEANE WILLIAM McKITTRICK PATRICK O'BRIEN FRANKLIN CHANEN JEROME ETTELSON PAUL GERDEN CRANE C HAUSER BARNET HODES MARK MACDONALD INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Attendance Buildings Calendar Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Courses Criminal Curriculum Data Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Fees Fellowships Financial Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing International Journal Criminal Law Police Science Julius H Miner Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Social Sciences Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Wives Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Medical Methods Senior Research Program M M J D Moot Northwestern University Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph D J D Placement Pre Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Schedule Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Voluntary Transfer Tuition Voluntary Withdrawal NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Residence Searle Building Thorne Hail Levy Hall Veterans Administration Law School McCormick Hall Wieboldt Hall Evening Law School https://plrccollections.org/files/original/52d3a85645a9e472e14d2bddec3e99b3.pdf 9044e2b063b462c4e4b7b294d30135e3 PDF Text Text NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN THE SCHOOL OF LAW 1969-1970 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Volume LXIX July 1969 Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. Number 5 Issued twice in June, four times in Jul y, and once each in August, September, October, December, March, and April. These publications in clude nine catal ogs and three class sc hedules issued by the University. Publications Office, Evanston, 1llinois 60201. �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1969-70 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago, Illinois �The Law School buildings form a quadrar.gle in a park-like setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-yet scarcely more than a half mile from the Loop . �C O NTENTS W h ere to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ca len dar ......................... . ..... . . .. . ... . .... . .. . .... . 5 Officers, Facu lty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Co urse of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The L ife of the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Admission, Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid . . ................ . .. 73 Gradu a te Stu dy: Admission a nd Fellowships . . . . .. . .. . .... . .. . ... . 87 The Sch ool a nd Its Alumni .. . ........... . ....... .. ... .. . ....... 90 R egister of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 In dex ... .. . . . . . .. . ... ....... ... ... .. . ........... ........ . .... 96 ?viap of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside back cover 3- �WHERE TO WRITE For expeditious handling, address mail to the Law School as follows: ADMISSION to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree -Applications, including applications to transfer -Request for forms or information -Supporting transcripts and recommendations FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE information and forms for candidates for the J.D. degree Office of Admissions ADMISSION to Summer Session for those already enrolled in a law school REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS covering work completed at the Law School ADMISSION to Graduate Study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS l Committee on Graduate ) Studies PLACEMENT of students and graduates Placement Service OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Law Alumni Association Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 6061 l For HOUSING information, write: Manager Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �CALENDAR FOR 1969-70 1969 SEPTE~TBER 9 SEPTEMBER 11 NOVEMBER 26 Tuesday, 8:30 a.m. Registration and orientation for new students Thursday, 8:30 a.m. T,-Vednesday, 5:30 p.m. Classes begin Thanksgiving recess begins Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume 111 onday-Friday Registration for spring semester Friday, 5 :30 jJ.m. Saturday, 10:00 a.m. Christmas recess begins 5 Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume JAKUARY 9 Friday, 5:30 p.m. Classes close JANUARY 12-2 1 JA:-iUARY 26 Monday-Wednesday Monday, 8:30 a.m. Second semester classes begin Saturday, noon Spring recess begins Monday, 8:30 a.m. Mon day-Frida)> Classes r esum e Friday, 5:30 p .m. Wednesday-Friday Classes close Saturda)> One Hundred and Twelfth Annual Commencement Tu esday, 8:30 a.m. Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin DECE\IBER l DECEMBER 8-12 DECEMBER 19 DECEMBER 20 Open House for prospective law students 1970 JA:'\ UARY APRIL 4 APRIL 13 APRIL 20-24 MAY 15 MAY 20-29 Ju;-;£ 13 SEPTEMBER 8 Examination p eriod Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Examination period SEPTEMBER 10 Thursday, 8:30 a.m. NovEi\rnER 25 Wednesday, 5:30 p.m. Thanksgiving recess begins NOVEMBER 30 Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume DECEMBER 7-11 DECEMBER 18 Mon day-Friday Friday, 5 :30 fJ.m. Christmas recess begins Registration for spring semester SCHEDULES AND HOURS C lasses are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:3-() a.m. and 5:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m. to 11 :00 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:45 p .m. on Saturday, and from 2:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday. 5 �OFFICERS, FACULTY , AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LLD., Sc.D., Chancellor of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Provost of the Un iversity WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M. KREML, LLB., Vice-President-Planning and D evelopment ROLAND J. HINZ, M.A., Vice-President for Student Affairs and Dean of Students ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Vice-President and Controller WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D ., Associate Dean of Faculties and Dean of the Summer Session Emeritus HARRY L WELLS, B.S., LLD., Vice-President of the University LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., D ean a nd John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D., LLB., Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Law NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law KURT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Librarian and Professor of Law LEWIS F. TRELEAVEi , B.A., M.A., Assistant Dean FACULTY JoHN H. BECKSTROM, B.A., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law ROBERT W. BENNETT, B.A., LLB., Assistant Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A. , PH.D., LLB ., Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Law ROBERT D. CHILDRES, B.A., LLB., B.C.L, Professor of Law ANTHONY A. D'AMATO, A.B ., LLB., PH.D., Assistant Professor of Law KARL DE ScHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Economics a nd Law THOMAS L EovALDI, B.S., LLB., Assistant Professor of Law NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J .D ., LLM., Assistant Dean a nd Assistant Professor of Law STEVEN GOLDMAN, A.B., LLB., Ass istant Professor of Law IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D ., Professor of Law JAMES B. HADDAD, B.A., J.D., LLM. , Assistant Professor of Law CLARK C. HAVIGHURST, A.B. , J.D ., Visiting Profe:sor of Law, second semester 1969-70 HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus Joirn P. HEINZ, A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law fi �JORDAN JAY HILLMAN, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law VANCE N . KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Pro(essor of Law ,I\TILLIAM J. MARTIN, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law ,I\TrLLIAM M. McGovERN, JR., A.B ., LLB., Professor of Law EDWARD A . MEARNS, JR., B.S., LLB. , Professor of Law NATHANIEL L NATHANSON, B.A., LLB., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law JoHN C. O'BYRNE, A.B., M.S., LLB., Professor of Law JA'-lES A. RAHL, B.S. , J.D., Professor of Law and Director of Research, on leave of absence second semester 1969-70 HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law JOHN Rnc1-1m, B.S., LLB. , J.S.D., Dean and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law vV1LLIAM R. RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus DAvro S. RUDER, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law DANIEL M . SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Sociology and Law KuRT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Professor of Law and Librarian FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of absence second semester 1969-70 Joi-.- R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Pro(essor of Law LECTURERS ZEA1lORE A. ADER, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar PETER J. H. BE1 TLEY, B.A., M.A. (Cantab.), Lecturer on International Business Transactions PAUL J. BoHANNA •, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology ,I\T1LLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting GEORGE M. BuRDITT, A.B. , LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law JOHN A. DIENNER, JR., B.S., LLB., M.P.L , Lecturer on Patent Law and Practice ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Clinic HoN. OTTO KERNER, A.B., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on State and Local Government BEVERLY'"'· PATTISHALL, B.S., LLB ., Lecturer on Trademarks and Copyrights '"' ALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.D., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on Judicial Process HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Corporations and Partnerships .Jo1-1N M. TEEVAN, B.A ., J.D., Lecturer on Selected Legal Problems i\fERRILL S. THOMPSON, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1969-70 MARGARET H. FRAILEY, B.A., J.D. Jo1-1N A. T. vV1-11TMORE, B.A., B.C.L (Oxon.) 7 �ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION DOUGLAS G . BROWN, B.A. NICHOLAS BULL, B.A. FREDERICK S. BURSTEIN, B.A. JAYNE A. CARR, B .A. BARRY E. COHEN, B.S. ROBERT G. FOSTER, B.S. SUSAN B. JORDAN, A.B. JERRY E. KUGELMAN, A.B . LEONARD SINGER, A.B. ANDREW M. STROJNY, B .A. MARVIN D. TRUHE, B.S. STEVEN N. WOI·IL, B .A . PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J .D., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern Universi ty Law Review FRED E. INBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARVIN E . WOLFGANG, PH.D., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal L aw, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Man ager of Legal Publications AIDA R. GRISWALD, Secretary PATRICIA R. VARGO, Secretary MAXINE BERRY, Typist-Clerk ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF MARILYN B. CoHN, Assistan t Deans' Secretary DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant JANE T. DUNNE, International Legal Studies Secretary CHRISTINE M . FINN, Facul ty Secretary JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Secretary of Admissions RHEA W. KESSLER, B.A., Placement Secretary GENEVIEVE JOHNSON, B.E., Secretary to the Dean AMELIA A. LASHOK, Faculty Secretary BERNICE F. LE BEAU, B.S., R esearch Secretary MILDRED F. MITCHELL, Law A lumni Secretary MARY H. MYSLEWIC, Faculty Secretary KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary FRANK J. PLAZA, Assistant, Reproduction Departm e nt ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary LILLJAN L. SKOUROS, Faculty Secretary JANET M . SMITH, Assistant to the R egistrar BETTY E. THEISEN, Faculty Secretary ANN E. THOMAS, B.F.A., Admissions Office Assistam JoAN F. VOGT, Registrar RICHARD F. WIECZOREK, Head, Reproduction Department ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Receptionist and General Assistant 8 �LIBRARY ST AFF K URT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN L.S., PH.D ., Librarian ELAJNE E. TEIGER, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department ROMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR. JURIS, M .A. IN L.S., H ead, Classification and Cataloging Department GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, LLB., Head, Book Selection LILIANE LEVY, LICENSE EN DROIT, Head, Foreign an d I n ternational Law Sections DoROTl-lY KLOFKORN, B .S., Acquisit ions Libraria n ESTHER L. ANDERSON, Secretary ETELKA VAJDA, B.A ., rvI.A. IN L.S., Assistan t i n R eference and Cataloging MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR. JURIS, M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger MrLADA WEBER, D R. JUR., M.S. IN L.S., Cataloger JOHN V1T. CAMPBELL, R eference Assistant in Charge of Stacks MARIA C. CHASE, R efer ence Ass istant i n C h arge of Circulat ion SELMA KRAHN, Ca taloging Ass istant EDWARD J. R owAN, B.S., Librar y Ass ista nt EuGEN JA W ERES, Ca taloging Ass istant MARIJA KovACEVIC, Ca taloging Assista nt RENE R . DE R ouGOMONT, L ibrary Assista n t DIRECTORS OF PROGRAMS CRAIG W. CHRJSTENSEN, B.S., J.D ., Director, N a tio n al Institute for Educa tion in L aw a n d Po verty GA RY S. L ASER, B.B .A., J.D., Assista nt to the D ean a nd Direc tor of Clin ical Educa tion WAYNE W. SCHMIDT, B.A., J.D., Operatin g Director of th e P ol ice L egal Advisor Program LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC STAFF GARY S. L ASER, B.B .A., J.D., Director NA1'CY L. H ESKETT, Secre ta ry BoN1'1E R . WINSTON, Secretary 9 ��The garden within the Law School Quadrangle, showing portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960. The top of Abbott Hall, the student residence, rises at upper left. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Management and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, Abbott Hall, the eighteen floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, and hospitals which are members of the orthwestern U niversity Medica l Center. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, wh ere the main body of about 6,500 undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students are enrolled, is twelve miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for cultural activities, athletic events, and interdisciplinary seminars and contacts, is the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the Univenity's current $180 million program of improvement. The First Plan is the initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The second phase 13 �will be based on the report of a faculty committee delineating the University's needs beyond 1971 for both the Evanston and Chicago campuses. The $ 11.6 million Northwestern University Library, key academic facility of the First Plan, will be in use in 1970. Other facilities already completed or in process of construction include the Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, Rebecca Crown Center, the O.T. Hogan Biological Sciences Research Building, and ten acres of new lakefill which will be the site of the Norris University Center and an $18 million Center for the Fine and Performing Arts. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a quiet garden. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,5 00 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. ·w igmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. A c la ss in Strawn Hall. �.. , ,vhere there is a rbitrary power, there is n o occasion to stu dy the Jaw; when th e law begins to reign , its teachers and practicers come forth ... " - David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century the School of Law has been dedica ted to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the high est standards of academic a nd professional excellence. This dedication marks the ch aracter of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School h as always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with less than 500 students seeking their first degree in law. A facu lty of substantial size permits a close working relationship between student and teacher, fostering professional training of the highest order a nd the development of each student's unique ca pabilities. II �" . . . these noble buildings, des igned for one of the noblest uses to wh ich any building can be put-the teaching of law.·• - Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, .June 16, 1927. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near th e center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. 12 �A corner of Li nco ln Hall. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often mu ch smaller. Su ch classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. Here meet the seminars of the second and third years, numbering typically from ten to twenty students, seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. 15 �For practice a nd instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School h as a full y equipped modern courtroom . Complete with witn ess stand, jury box, counsel tables, and sea ting for spectators, it accommodates not only mock appeals but full-scale practice trials . LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The librar y with its associa ted research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Nor thwes tern Law School Library consists of two buildings, integra ted physica ll y and administered as a unit, the E lbert H. Gary Library a nd the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a fu ll side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Stree t and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original co llection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in l 960, is nam ed in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With about 270,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law school libraries in the Western Hemisphere. More important than Open stacks and ample working space make the library a comfortable and convenient place in which to study. �size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws 17 �of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are the \,Villiams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LL.B., 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, 18 �The Cutler Browsing Alcove . a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to general University appropnat10n, the Law School Library is supported by a number of special endowments. The major endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LL.B., 1909). In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established. In 1960, Barnet Hodes (LL.B., 1921) established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965 established the Herbert 19 �Dacks Memorial Fund in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks. In 1968, the Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H . Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression-and for moments of relaxation, however brief. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the study area provided on the fourth floor of Levy Mayer Hall. Here are rooms accommodating four to ten persons each, ideally suited to individual study or informal discussion and review sessions. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities conducted under student auspices and control, including the officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law Review, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the Student Book Exchange. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meeting between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are 20 �accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. All law students residing in Abbott Hall belong to the Law Residents' Association. The purpose of this organization is to bring together the law students living in Abbott Hall and to provide social activities. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring ma ttresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott H all is shown below. 18 17 The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The average room rate for the academic year is 21 �$400 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. Students do not sign board contracts. The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. The average daily cost of meals is $3.50. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January I, and April I. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 6061 I. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Apartment rentals average $ 130 a month, including utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service for students of the Law School registered for six or more semester hours is located in the Montgomery ,!\Tard Building, Room 2-009, of the Medical School. Medical services and hospital insurance available are described in the Student Health Bulletin each student receives upon registration. The Clinic is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at the Passavant Memorial Hospital. 22 �"[Here the] teaching will . .. give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before the ir eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details. " - J ustice Oliver Wendell Holm es, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning 23 �beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him . CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that clay is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early clays in the law, and even these traditional subjects have al tered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Con tracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. ·w ithin the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the forma24 �Professor meets informally with students after class. tive years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. 25 �Class discussion in Booth Hall. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling l 75 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual de26 �os10ns of courts, embodied in written opm10ns rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceecling, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the lawyers and judges wh<i> conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional life-think, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. V1Tith the interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are 27 �seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and, since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. Most college students, accustomed to student-teacher dialogue only in quite small groups, find it difficult to imagine vigorous discussion in a class of eighty or ninety students. Although they may not fully understand why such discussion is possible until they themselves become regular participants in the process, they are welcomed and encouraged to arrange with the Admissions Office to visit one or two classes at the Law School to see the process in action. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising le!sal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows . Practice Courses Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day wfaen there were no 28 �law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time, and is now developed in the course known as Practice Clinic. In this course, students study legal problems of the poor and then serve in the Northwestern Legal Aid Clinic under the supervision of faculty members. The Clinic handles all types of civil cases, and the student is given practical experience and faculty instruction in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents. The student also assists the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education . For a more complete description of the Clinic, see page 71. During his first year the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professonal standards and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student under courtroom conditions before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields . Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across tra29 �ditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Some designated seminars place special emphasis on the developiment of writing skills by requiring the submission of a preliminary and a revised draft of such a paper. Students, other than those who gain similar experience on the staff of the Law Review or Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, are required to take one such seminar or program of Senior Research. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the nation's highest courts. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced for the first time in 1966-67. Under this Program a student with faculty approval may elect to devote a significant proportion of his third year (from 4 to 8 credit hours) to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. A student interested in this Program may propose during his second year a project for faculty approval and arrange his schedule to include the Law School courses and seminars which provide the necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford him the intellectual experience of plumbing a subject to its depths; of sharpening his power of analysis, observation and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources: other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The Program is flexible enough to permit, with careful advanced planning and approval, even work in other parts of the nation or the world. The faculty participants in the Program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal in order that they may devote more 30 �time to parallel research and to the joint discussion and critique necessary to take the inquiry beyond the bounds of traditional seminar work or individual study projects. Indeed, in many cases, work in the Program is expected to grow into a joint, cooperative student-teacher research undertaking, more significant not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to the longer established group learning techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the Program promise significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The Program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making regular contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. The most recent revision of the School's curriculum was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1969, and is described later. During his first year of law study the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and Research and the Laboratory Seminar in Procedure meet typically in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in dealing with them are brought under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a modest degree 0f concentration by the student wishing it. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further 31 �exploration of a field in a new context. Thus, for instance, criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar or commercial law may be studied in the Legal History or Comparative Law seminars. But perhaps most significant is the opportunity offered to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. The School's policy of offering most courses in two sections meeting at different times and often in different semesters practically insures that, with advance planning, the student can include in his schedule virtually any combination of elective courses he wishes in his last two years. REQUIRED COURSES In order to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete successfully 90 semester-hours of work including the following: All first year courses The course in International Law A program of Senior Research or one seminar designated as requiring the submission of a preliminary and revi~ed draft of a final paper. (Students participating in the work of the Law Review or Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science are relieved of this requirement.) Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar or Trial Practice can be accommodated. 32 �CURRICULUM Course offerings are summarized here by semester. A more detailed description of eac11 course and seminar follows . COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hours First Semester Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Laboratory Seminar i11 Procedure Legal Writing and R esearch . . . l Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Credit Second Semester Hours Constitutional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Law a nd Social Change . . . . . . . . 3 Legal Profession .. .......... . . Moot Court I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sales a nd Secured Transactions. . 3 Torts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hou rs First Semester Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law I . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Debtor-Creditor Rel at ions . . . . . 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and G ift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . . 4 International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Labor Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 L egal Profession .. . . ....... .. . Practice Clinic .. . ............ . Public and Private Control of Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Tr ial Practice ............... . Credit Hours Second Semester Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Business Plann ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law II . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Criminal Law Administration 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts II 3 Equity, Restitution , and Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and Gift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . 4 Federal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Insurance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Legal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Patent Law a nd Practice . . . . . . 2 Practice Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Race Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Scientific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . l Securitie3 Regulation . . . . . . . . . . 3 State and Local Government . . . 2 Trial Practice .. ............. . 33 �SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All seminars carry 2 credit hours except as indicated. Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills are indicated by (W). First Semester Second Semester Advanced Business AssociationsPartnerships Advanced Legal Writing (W) African Law Antitrust Law and Policy (W) Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies (W) Criminal Appellate Advocacy (W) Economic Development, Political Modernization and the Law English Legal History Estate Planning Food and Drug Law Government and Land (W) Law and Society State and Local Taxation Tax Policy (I hour) Analysis and Solution of Selected Legal Problems Consumer Protection, Credit Sales and Poverty Corporate Management (W) Criminal Appellate Advocacy (W) Criminal Evidence Crimin al Law-Current Problems (W) Economic Analysis and Public Policy Estate Planning (W) Fiduciary Administration (W) International Business Transactions International Organizations Introduction to Civil Law Jurisprudence (W) Labor Law (W) Law and Criminology (W) Organizational Problems of Minority Group Enterprises Problems in Taxation of Business Income Real Estate Development R eg·ulated Industries (W) SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Senior Research Program projects can be scheduled for either semester. Interested studen ts should consult the rules and regulations governing the Program, available in the General Office of the School. 34 �COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CO NSTITUTIO NAL L AW Second Semester Course (4 h ours) MESSRS. D 'AMATO, NATHANSON T he judicial role in co nstitution al inter p reta tio n; p rocedural fund amentals of co nsti tu tio n al litiga tio n ; distributio n of powers between federal a nd state governm ents; th e powers a nd limita ti ons of Congress a nd th e Pres idency; state regul a tio n a nd the n a ti o nal eco nomy; rights of th e individual co nfro nted with go vernm e ntal regul a tion , including the co nstitutio n al g uara ntees o f p erso nal a nd political freedoms, social privileges, a nd property ri gh ts. Dowling a nd Gunth er, Constitutional L aw : Cases an d Ma teria ls (Mr. D 'A mato); ma teri als to be a nn o un ced (Mr. Na th a nso n). CO NTR ACT S Cou rse (4 h ours) First Semes ter MESSRS. BECKSTROM, CHI LDRES Study of co ntract doctrines a nd their use in the judicial p rocess; an introdu ctio n to co ntrac t r emedi es; bas ic ma teri als o n th e fo rm atio n, perfor mance, a nd discharge of co ntracts, inclu d ing certa in aspec ts of thi rd party ben eficiaries, ass ig nme nt, impossibility a nd fru stra tio n, co nditio ns and th e Statute o f Frauds. Co ntrac tu al asp ects of th e law of age ncy. Emphasis throu ghout o n th e U niform Commercial Cod e. Fuller and Brau ch er, Basic Con tract L aw (Mr. Beckstrom) ; Dawson a nd H arvey, Cases an d Mat erials on Contracts (2d ed . 1969) (Mr. Childres) . CRI MINAL LAW Course (3 h ours) First Semester MESSRS. H EINZ, I NBAU Co ncepts, sources, class ificatio ns, a nd limita ti o ns of the crim in al law; specific crim es, including murder, ma nslaughter, ra p e, sex u al assault, larce ny, embezzlement, fa lse pretenses, a nd robb ery; doctrin es of criminal resp onsibil ity including th e defe nse o f m ental impairment; un completed crimin al co ndu ct a nd crimin al combin a tions. Inbau, T hompso n, a nd Sowle, Cases and Comments on Crim inal Justice (3d eel.). L ABORATORY SEMI NAR IN PROCEDU R E Course (1 hour) First Semester i\ifESSR. BECKSTROM, BENNETT, C HAMBERLIN, D 'AMATO, GARLAN D, GOLDMAN, H ADDAD, INBAU, MARTIN, McGovERN, MEARNS, MRs. NETSCH, MR. SPALDING In trod uctio n to litigatio n procedure through a nalys is, in small grou ps, of records o f selected civil a nd crimin al trials. 35 �LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Second Semester Course (3 hours) MR. MEARNS An examination of the relationships between the legal and social orders with emphasis on the law as a process and on the way in which law both responds to and helps bring out social, econom ic and political change. Certain concrete problems which presently challenge the legal order are considered, attention being given to the resources law possesses in facing these problems as well as to an understanding of law's limitations. LEGAL PROFESSION Course (1 hour) Second Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM, EovALDI An examina tion of some of the problems co nfronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term "practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take (conflict-of-interest situations, the "guilty client, " the " unjust cause"); r estriction s on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client ; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline ; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Required of all students. Countryman and Finman, The Lawyer in Modern Society (1966) (Mr. Eovaldi) ; materials to be announced (Mr. Beckstrom). LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH First Semester Course (1 hour) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, MRS. FRAILEY, MR. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in groups of 5-7 with an Assistant in Instruction ; individual tutorials approximately every fortnight with a Teaching Associate ; occasional lectures and discussion meetings of the full class. MOOT COURT I Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, , i\TmTMORE Course (1 hour) The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. PROPERTY Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GORDON, SCHUYLER Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents 36 �of each; landlord and tenant problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Sh elley's case; doctrine of worthier title; ori gin of equi tab le interests and the foundat ion of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and R ::adings on Property (3d ed.). SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 hours) Second Semester See description for Commercial Law IL MESSRS. CHILDRES, GORDON TORTS I First Semester MESSRS. ME,\RNS, RAHL Course (3 hours) Protection of personality, property, and relational interests aga inst physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and un fair competition; liabi lity of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revea led in the disposition of tort cases. Gregory and Kalven , Cases on Torts (Mr. Mearns) ; Green, Pedrick, R ahl, Thode, Hawkins and Smith, Cases on Torts (1968) (Mr. Rahl). Continued in the second semester; 6 hours credit fo r the year. TORTS II Cou rse (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. BENNETT, WALTZ See description for Torts I. Materials to be ann ounced. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars p lacing special emphas is o n the development of wr itin g skills are indicated by (W). ACCOUNT! G First Semester MR. BRADY Course (1 hour) Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accou nt ing. A prerequisite for Corporations I, except for those students who have received college credit for 3 semester-hours of accounting. Amory and Hardee, Materials on Accounting (3rd ed.), Faris, Accounting for Lawyers. AD MINISTRATIVE LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester MESSRS. BENNETT, NATHANSON A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governme nts, including the constitutional framework wi thin which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; the requirements of fa ir hearing as app lied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of judicial review of adminis trative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanso n, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (Mr. Nathanso n) ; materials to be anno un ced (Mr. Bennett) . 37 �ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Second Semester J\!JR. iVIAcCHESNEY General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien , carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision , and the limitation of liab ility. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PA RTNERSHIPS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation , operation, and dissolution of partnerships. Use of partnership in small businesses. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Materials to be announced. ADVANCED LEGAL WRITING First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING Seminar (W) (2 hours) A seminar afford ing a variety of opportunities to improve writing and editing skills, requiring neither legal memoranda nor briefs, but essays on legal subjects, accurately discussed in good, plain English. Ed iting experience through criticism of papers written by first-year students in the Legal Writing and Research course. Enrollmen t limited to those selected as Assistants in Instruction . AFRICAN LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. NEKAM An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state and th e interest this offers to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary law and its admin istration, questions of consti tutional law and the law of conflicts, the impact of foreign concepts and values. ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIO OF SELECTED LEGAL PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis on the written solutions of contemporary problems taken mainly from Illinois law. ANTITRUST LAW First Semester MRS. NETSCH Course (4 hours) MR. C. HA VIG HURST Second Semester Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; ant itrust law concerning problems of co nsp iracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economi c power, patents, boycotts, excl usive arran gements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, un fair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Governm ent R egulation of Business (1963); Rahl, Cases and Mat erials on Antitrust Law (1969) (mimeographed) (Mrs. Netsch); materials to be annou nced (Mr. Havighurst). ANTITRUST LA·w AND POLICY Semin ar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. RAHL Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; selected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas; considera38 �tion of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories for particular problems. BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. SHAPIRO Advanced problems in corporation finance, including corporate distributions, recapitalizations and reorganization. Examination of problems in financing businesses, with corollary reference to securities law and taxation. Prerequisite: Corporations. Materials to be announced. CIVIL LIBERTIES IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES Seminar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. NATHANSON Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference to comparable problems in other democratic societies. CIVIL PROCEDURE I Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ Structure and organization of the fed eral and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Louisell and Hazard, Cases on Pleading and Procedure, and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Second Semester See course description for Civil Procedure I. MR. REESE CIVIL RIGHTS Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. D'AMATO Study of the legal problems of the American Negro, with particular emphasis on the current protest movement and civil disorders as well as on recent civil rights legislation. Discussion of problems of equal opportunity in schools and housing. COMMERCIAL LAW I Course (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, GORDON The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments) , particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; modera ting effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks 39 �and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process; introduction to documents of title as a type of negotiable instrument controlling the disposition of goods. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materia ls (2d eel.); Uniform Commercial Code, Text and Comment ed. COMMERCIAL LAW II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. GORDON Sales and cred it transactions in personal property: the title concept, allocation of risk, remed ies of buyers and sellers; traditional and modern devices for creating security interests in personal property with particular attention to Article 9 and other applicable provisions of the Un iform Commercial Code. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials; Uniform Commercial Code, Text and Comment eel. COMPARATIVE LAW 1oT OFFERED IN 1969-70 Seminar (2 hours) An analysis of some proposed uses of the compara tive method in law, with special emphasis u pon the usefulness of such method from the point of view of better understanding one's own legal method. CO FLICT OF LAWS First Semester MR. MACCI-IESNEY Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. NEKAM A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and prac tice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. R ecommended for third year students. Materials to be announ ced (Mr. MacChesney) ; Cheatham, Griswald, Reese, and Rosenberg, Cases on Confiict of Laws (Mr. Nekam) . CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. EovALDI An exam ination of the legal, economic, historical and social setting for the sales of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. T h e course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collectio n process. CORPORATE MANAGEMENT (offered in 1969-70 only) Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. C. HAVIGHURST Description to be announced. CORPORATIONS Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GOLD:V[AN, RUDER A study of the common law, statutory (state and federa l) and aclministrative framework for the operation of the moclern corporation. Consideration 40 �will be given to problems of organization, distribution of power, fiduciary relationships, issuance and transfer of securities, the common and distinctive characteristics of various types of securities, corporate distributions, organic change and remedial procedures. The growing impact of federal regulation and the expanding role of the Securities and Exchange Commission will be emphasized. Materials to be announced. CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (W) (2 hours) First and Second Semesters lVIESSRS. HADDAD, MARTI1 Research and briefing of criminal appeals pending in the federal and state appellate courts. Visits to local appellate courts to h ear arguments in ass igned cases and lect ures from appellate practitioners and judges. CRIMI 1AL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. INBAU, MARTIN An examina tion of the trial processes of a criminal case. The semin ar will foc us on ana lyses of investigatory reports, the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-exam in ation, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony and arguments to the court and jury. Mimeographed materials. CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. HADDAD A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice, Vol. II (3d. ed.) CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. HADDAD, INBAU, MARTIN A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, wage deduction, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquidat ion; a comparison of the relative availabil ity and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the ge n eral public. Special attention will be given to the impact upon low-income persons of the various collection devices available to creditors and the effectiveness of present and proposed laws designed to protect debtors. Materials to be announced. 41 �DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I First Semester MESSRS. McGovERN, RITCHIE Course (3 hours) Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extri nsic to a will or deed ; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (3d ed.). DECEDENTS' EST ATES AND TRUSTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. McGOVERN, SCHUYLER Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers of appointment and the rule against perpetuities; introduction to fiduciary admin istration . Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (3d ed.). ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ Economic and legal aspects of the policies industrial societies use to influence the growth and stability of income, the concentration of economic power, and the external balance of payments. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ The economics of development and the economic and political problems confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in facilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political order. ENGLISH LEGAL HISTORY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. McGOVERN A study of the growth of the royal courts administering common law at th e expense of feudal and communal jurisdiction and the later growth of equity with particular reference to actions to recover land. The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, extension, and transformation of trial by jury. Consideration is given to the various sources of law and legal change, such as custom, precedent, and legislation, and to the effect of changing social and economic conditions on the development of the law. Mimeographed materials. Students may either take an examination or write a paper. ESTA TE PLANNING Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. KIRBY Second Semester (W) MR. McGOVERN A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Income Taxation. 42 �EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND DAMAGES Second Semester MR. CHILDRES Course (3 hours) A functional study of the law of form and measure of relief, including the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The law of damages, restitut.ionary remedies both legal and equitable, and other equitable remedies. Childres, A Survey of Equity, Restitution and Damages (1969). EVIDE 1CE Course (3 hours) MR. GARLAND First Semester MR. WALTZ Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. Louisell, Kaplan, and Waltz, Materials on Evidence. FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) MR. NEKAM First Semester MR. BECKSTROM Second Semester The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel, Cases and M.aterials on Domestic R elations (3d ed.) (Mr. Nekam); Foote, Levy and Sander, Cases and Mat erials on Family Law (Mr. Beckstrom). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. KIRBY MR. O'BYRNE Second Semester An introduction to the statute law of federal taxation. This course, which deals with the impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of property transfers during life and at death, should ordinarily be taken before the course in Federal Income Taxation and the seminar in Estate Planning. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems and Mat erials in Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed) . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION First Semester Course (4 hours) MR. O'BYRNE Second Semester MR. KIRBY The federal income taxation of individuals, trusts, estates, partnerships and corporations; the impact of income taxation on family property arrangements and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. The course is ordinarily taken in the junior year, especially if the student plans to enroll in tax, estate planning or business oriented seminars, or senior research in his senior year. Materials to be announced. FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal 43 �courts; n ature of the federal judicial function ; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in fed eral courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and 11. Hart and Wechsler, Th e Federal Courts and the Federal System; The judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester iVIR. O'BYRNE An advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts. FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. BURDITT, THOMPSON A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law. GOVERNMENT AND LAND Seminar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the us e of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain , zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, r egulation of private credit institutions. JNSURANCE LAW Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. CHAMBERLIN Basics of insurance law including the principl es of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk transferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc.) ; recovery by insured notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, esto ppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims; and governmental regulation and sponsorship of insurance. Keeton, Basic Insurance Law. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. BENTLEY International trade policies, problems and institutions; problems of doing international business; protection of industrial property; regulation of restrictive practices; trade restrictions; business organization and taxation. Assigned readings and special materials. INTERNATIONAL LAW Course (2 hours) First and Second Semesters MR. iV!AcCHESNEY An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and invest- 44 �ment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. INTERNATIONAL LAW-COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1969-70 A study of the law and institutions of the Atlantic Community with particular reference to the Common Market. Term paper. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of the Atlant ic Area. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS MR. NATHANSON Second Semester Seminar (2 hours) A seminar concentrating on the institutional, constitutional, and administrative problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies constituting the United Nations family. Attention also is directed to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development on a world-wide scale. Sohn, Law of the United Nations, and mimeograph ed materials. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. J URISPRUDENCE Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. 1EKAM Problems connected with the nature of the Jaw, its purpose, its origin and development. Legal values; the idea of justice; n atural Jaw; sanctions. LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester MR. HILLMAN A survey of the development and operation of the legal fram ework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment. The modern labor union will be variously viewed as a concentration of economic and political power, as a participant in the managerial process, and as a quasi-public institution as regards its relationships with its members and the general economy. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be examined. Summers a nd Wellington , Cases and Materials on Labor Law. LABOR LAW Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HILLMAN Selected issues in the formation and administration of public labor policy. Emphasis will be given to an examination of the consistency of national policies governing collective bargaining, including limits on recourse to self-help, through a comparative study of the administrative and judicial implementation of the 45 �National Labor Relations and Railway Labor Acts. Prerequisite: Labor Law course. Materials to be announced. LAW AND POVERTY Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI Second Semester MR. BENNETT An examination of the special relationship between law and the status of poverty. One primary focus will be upon those private law problems having a special impact upon poor persons. Examples include problems faced by the poor as litigants and as consumers of real and personal property including the use of installment credit. Another focus of the course will be upon legislative attempts to alleviate the condition of poverty. Finally, the course will focus on methods of legal redress for discrimin ation against the poor in the formu lation or administration of governmental programs ostensibly having no special relation to poverty. Examples include the provision of municipal services. Materials to be announced. LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HEI ' Z Consideration of the determinants of society's action m labeling something "criminal," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them from it; consideration of each of the several stages in a criminal proceeding as a "decision process"; and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal lawi.e. whose values the criminal law expresses. LAW AND SOCIETY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. SCHWARTZ An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social science theory and research. Mimeographed materials. LEGAL PROFESSION Course (I hour) First Semester Second Semester See description under "First Year Courses." MR. EOVALDI MESSRS. BECKSTROM, EOVALDI ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF MINORITY GROUP ENTERPRISES Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. RUDER This seminar will be devoted to organizational and related legal problems of minority group enterprises. Study will be made of three general enterprise related areas: I) Selection of the legal form by which such enterprises should operate, including preparation of sample documents; 2) Investigation of the sources of funds available to finance minority group enterprises, including both private and government sources; and 3) Analysis of possibilities for group legal services and other forms of legal assistance in the organization and operation of minority group enterprises. Study will also be made of the organization and operation of community groups, such as buying cooperatives. Emphasis will be 46 �placed upon the economic problems of the Chicago Black community, and field research into practical problems will be encouraged. Materials to be announced. PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. DrnNNER Historical development of protection of ideas, inventions, and discoveries; patentability; securing the patent; amendment and correction of patents; infringement remedies, defenses, and procedures. Smith, Patent Law Cases, Comments and Materials. PRACTICE CLINIC Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters MR. KENOE Training in client counseling and interviewing, emphasizing clinical work at the Legal Aid offices after some classroom work. Legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases ; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. Clinical element of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid clients. Guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Freeman, Legal Interviewing and Counseling and mimeographed materials. PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations, and partnerships. An exploration at both the corporate and shareholder levels of the tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation, and mergers. The taxation of other forms of doing business contrasted therewith. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE First Semester Course (2 hours) Description to be announced. MR. SPALDING RACE RELATIONS Course (2 hours) Second Semester MRS. NETSCH An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting minority racial groups. Emerson, Haber, and Dorsen, Political and Civil Rights in th e United States, Vol. II (student ed.); Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders; supplemental materials. REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN Analysis of selected legal and business problems involved in land acquisition, construction and permanent financing, development, and disposition (sale, exchange, and syndication) of a planned unit development. Materials to be announced. 47 �REGULA TED INDUSTRIES Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HILLMAN A consideration of selected problems relating to the economic regulation of several industries subject to varying degrees of administrative control as "regulated monopolies" (e.g. rail, other surface and air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, electric power and banking) ; the> public policy goals of regulation; the effectiveness of the administrative process in furthering and balancing these goals; and the extent to which the roles of competition and antitrust regulation remain relevant and operative in these fields. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law, Antitrust Law and Corporations. Materials to be announced. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (1 hour) Second Semester MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participating as guest lecturers. SECURITIES REGULATION Second Semester MR. RUDER Course (3 hours) Intensive examination of the securities law field, including state and federal regulation. Registration and reporting requirements for corporations, brokerdealer and stock exchange regulation, regulation of mutual funds and other investment companies, civil liabilities for violation of securities laws, and the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation; additional materials to be an nounced. ST ATE AND LOCAL GOVER.NM£ IT Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KERNER, MRs. ETSCH Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental confl icts. Mandelker, Managing Our Urban Environment; supplemental materials. STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Seminar (2 hours) First Semest~r MR. O'BYRNE Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state and local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes, and death taxes. Hellerstein, State and Local Taxation (3d ed.). TAX POLICY Seminar (1 hour) First Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced seminar in federal taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the federal tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and development, their administration and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for reform and the possible future legislative revision. Restricted enrollment. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. 48 �TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, A D COPYRIGHTS Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. PATIISHALL The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. The principles of copyright protection, the statute, and its interpretation by the courts. Cases and Materials on Trademarks, Trade Identity and Copyrights (mimeographed). TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of p'.eadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a circuit court judge in lieu of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First Semester MR. WALTZ Selected problems in litigation , both civil and criminal. Special attention on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements, and closing arguments. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intenti~n and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions in the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's 49 �capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. HONORS AND PRIZES In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence, thus begun in the School, is reflected today in the long list of awards and prizes given in recognition of superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding IO percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the North western University Law R eview is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The student Board of the Journal of Criminal Law, like the Board of the Law R eview, is selected upon the basis of scholastic standing and competitive writing for publication in the Journal. Election to the Journal board is a significant academic honor. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually 50 �to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund of $ 15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of Local Government. The first prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key, is awarded to the student who has prepared the best paper on this subject. The second prize is awarded for the second best paper. It consists of approximately $200, a certificate, and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $ 1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F . CAREY A WARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. 51 �LA WYERS TITLE FOUNDATION A WARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and prize of $ 100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN J URISPRUDENCE A WARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annua lly. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the member of each class at the School who has made the most significant contribution toward overall scholarship. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law W eek is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a three-volume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses. INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A twenty-five dollar certificate to be used at any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty 52 �Between Classes. as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on page 32. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study on pages 60-61. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total edu cational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recogni ti on of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public respons ibility 53 �which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others ar e offered as part of established and co ntinuing programs within the School. The most notable of th ese continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent a nd beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which h as assumed a position in th e for efront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford U niversity. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal H istory b y Macmillan. In 1928, An tonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chi ef Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The L egal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931, J ean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles W arren, author of "Th e Supreme Court in United States History" and numero us o ther historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale H amilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, H enry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title Th e Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of L aw at H arvard University. These lectures were published under th e title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures cove,ring the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures 54 �was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In I 948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law" ; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a vol ume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a vo lume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In I 952-53, the fo llowing lectures were give n : "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Colum bia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard U niversity, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai , Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations, " by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume 55 �under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcl iffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "Th e Law and Its Compass," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern Universi ty Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract, " published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Brit ish Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern U niversity Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton Un iversity, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale Un iversity. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern Un iversity Press. In March, 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the Faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U . S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," to be published as a volume by th e Northwestern University Press. 56 �THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established 111 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 191 5, and one of the most emin ent patent lawyers of his clay. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and comm erce. }'rom time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and Europ ean authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation h as sponsor ed a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrel ationships of law, econom ics and government. Among the particular subject areas wh ich have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic a nd industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists and public officials as John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N . Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, th e late Adlai E. Stevenson and W. Willard Wirtz. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION IN LAW AND POVERTY In June of 1967, the National Institute for Education in Law and Poverty was established under the Law School's sponsorship. With the founding of the Institute, the Law School added a dramatic new dimension to its continuing legal education efforts. The primary audience for this program is the 2,000 lawyers who provide legal representation for the poor in Office of Economic Opportunity Legal Services Programs across the country. The National Institute operates under a $700,000 per year grant from the Office of Economic Opportunity. The purpose of the National Institute is to develop continuing legal education programs and materials for the poverty lawyer, comparable to those already developed in other areas of the law. The National Institute seeks to bridge the chasm which sometimes exists between the world of scholars and the world of practitioners, to offer materials which are consistent with the best standards of research and yet sensitive to the practical problems of the neighborhood lawyer who serves a host of indigent clients, and to supply the scholarship and the arguments needed for su ccessful test cases. Just as there cannot be effective legal representation of businessmen without representation of their business organizations, primarily corporations, so too there cannot be effective legal representation of th e poor without representation of their organizations, community development corporations, consumer groups, etc. Building an effective lawyer-cl ient relationship with an organization of the poor involves special problems and challenges for the lawyer's versatility, exp ertise, and skill in human relations. The National Institute's program places a major stress on the philosophy and techniques of skillful group representation. The Institute's program for 1969 focuses on three areas of special concern to the poor: housin g law, economic development and the equalization of gov57 �ernment and quasi-government benefit programs. A series of conferences is being cond ucted on the first two subjects for Legal Services attorneys and others with a professional interest in the legal problems o[ the poor. The latter subject will be treated in a month-long Colloquium for a select number of the most experienced Legal Services attorneys in the country. The literature of poverty law is largely yet to be written. To help fill the scholarsh ip gap, the National Institute has published the first editions of a Handbook on Consumer Law and a companion volume, the Handbook on Welfare Law. New and expanded editions of both are being published in 1969, and a third volume, the Handbook on Housing Law, is being added to the series. Each Handbook contains a selection of originally researched articles, practice papers, and other materials to aid the poverty law practitioner in both his day-to-clay work and in his test case law reform efforts. A major purpose of Northwestern University in founding the National Institute is to provide a way to introduce its law students to poverty law, a rapidly growing practice area of vi tal importance, both to the poor and to the just and orderly development of our society. In connection with the Institute, a seminar in Poverty Law has been added to the Law School curriculum. To a select number of students interested in poverty law, the National Institute is also able to offer part-time positions as research assistants. Through the seminar in Poverty Law and through their participation as research assistants, students will not only grow in knowledge of the legal problems confronting the poor, but also will develop and fortify a lifelong professional commitment to the solution of these problems, many o[ which, in the final analysis, are but the residue of society's neglect. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Annual Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Institute of Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar Association. The two clay program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. Over six hundred lawyers attended the most recent Institute. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners, members of corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM In addition to the basic courses and the seminars m Criminal Law and Criminal Law Administration, the Law School offers substantial action-oriented training for students, and particularly graduate students, who have a particular interest in the practice of criminal law or in legal ass istance to law enforcement agencies. By virtue of a recent grant from the Ford Foundation, the Law School established a two-year program for the tra ining of law school gradu ates interested 58 �rn careers as crimin al law practitioners, either as prosecutors or defense co u nsel. (A n earlier but now ex pired gra nt from th e Ford Founda tio n - for the fiv e year p eriod 1958 to 1964-m ade possible one year fellowships for gradua te students interested in either th e practice or th e teachin g of crimin al law.) T h e r ecipi ents of the prosecutio n-defe nse fell owships sp end one year in residence a nd one year in a prosecuti o n or defe nse office, a t th e end of which time the tra inee is eligible for an LL.M. d egree. The a nnual stip ends, tax free, ra nge up to , 7,000 plus tuition and fees . From the same Ford Found a tio n grant funds, summer internships are availa bl e to a substa ntial number of fr eshma n a nd junior law students who h ave a special inter es t in the practice of crimin al law. The interns are assign ed for a summer 's work in a varie ty of crimin al justi ce age ncies (e.g. prosecutio n office, office of publi c d efender or priva te defe nse co unsel) . T he stipe nd fo r the summer is $ 1,200. T h e training of law school gr adua tes to b ecom e police legal ad visors is a no ther o n e o f the School's criminal law p rojects. It too was made possible b y gra nts from th e Ford Founda ti o n, on e in 1964 a nd a nother in 1968. U nd er the initial Poli ce Legal Advisor Program, the poli ce legal advisor trainee spent o ne year in r esiden ce a nd o ne yea r in the field, ass ig ned to a selected metropolita n p olice dep artm ent, a t th e e nd of whi ch time h e b ecame eligible for a n LL.M. d egree. A number of the graduates are now holding hi gh r a nking positi o ns in the field of law en fo r cement. T he n eed a nd d ema nd for p olice legal advisors throughou t th e co untry warra nted a n accelera tio n o f the training p eriod a nd th e p eriod o f training h as bee n redu ced to one semes ter in r esidence a nd, in some cases, six mo nths in the field. A p artiall y tax-exe mpt stipe nd ra nging up to $850 a month, plus tuition a nd fees, is available. No gradu a te degree is offered, h owever. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES T h e Ford Found a tion award ed $200,000 to the L aw School fo r th e expansion of its progr am in Intern a tio nal L egal Studies in 1957. T h e School's early inter es t in the field is manifested by its substa ntial and seasoned library collecti o ns in for eign a nd internation al law a nd b y its lo ng sta rtdin g r equirement tha t each student take the basic introdu ctor y course in Intern a ti on al Law. In fu rthera nce of its program , the School has offer ed courses a nd seminars in Intern a tio nal Business Tra nsactions, Intern a ti o nal Orga ni za tions, Comparative Law, Admiralty, a nd Common Market. T h e funds of the gra nt ar e used for addition al fa culty a nd for visiting fo reign professors, a nd th ey support gr adu a te fellowships fo r for eign lawyers a nd students. Oth er p ortion s o f the funds ar e d evo ted to work-seminars a nd co nfere nces in the fi eld o f intern a ti on al law. More in fo rm a ti on o n gr adu a te fellowships in In tern atio nal Legal Studi es appears on p age 88. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES T he Russell Sage Fo unda ti o n awarded approx ima tely $2 10,000 in 1963 to th e Law School an d th e Gradu a te School . of th e U niversity for a three-year progr a m o f interdisciplinary study a nd r esear ch in law a nd the social scien ces. 59 �In 1966, the grant was r enewed for an additional three years, in an amount of over $250,000. One purpose of these grants is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behaviorial sciences to the understanding and improve ment of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplin es. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School of L aw (see p age 81). The Saga Scholars in the Law School ordinarily are exp ected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research ac tivity and in the editing of the Law and Socie ty Review, which has a student board of editors and contributors. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, Class of 1958, a series of conferences und er the ge neral title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September, 1963. The obj ective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purposes of attempting to distill from the disciplin e of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man 's understanding of himself and his society. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semester60 �hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may in its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research . They are given the rank of graduate Fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. 61 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860 . THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL A well seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows . The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 500 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner himself is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad . 63 �Public figures, including alumni, are frequent visitors to the School and participants in its programs. Mr. Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court ponders a hard question in the final round arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Hon. Otto Kerner '35, Judge of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals and former governor of Illinois, chats with students in Lowden Hall. Tom C. Clark, former Justice of the United States Supreme Court, confers w ith Judge Latham Castle '24, Chief Judge John S. Hastings of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, and student participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the Faculty until his appointment by President Kennedy to the Labor Department , addresses a Law School gathering . �Arthur J. Goldberg '30, former Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and former Ambassador to the United Nations, crosses the Law School garden with Dean John Ritchie. Mr. Justice Thurgood Ma rs ha 11 of the United States Supreme Court reads brief in robing room prior to hearing arguments of the Miner Moot Court competition. Mr . J u st ice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court prepares for an appearance at the Law School. �Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and thirty-six colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 95). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law R eview, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law R eview is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professio,nal journals, written, edited, and published by men who have not ret achieved professional status, is unique. "\,York on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, students of the highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Several more students are selected shortly before beginning their second year on the basis of a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law Review editors are sought and pre66 �Coffee hour in Lowden Hall. £erred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fact that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law Review participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Law Review participation is hard work, which requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. One day each spring is reserved for a Law Review student-faculty softball game and a dinner program caricaturing the foibles of the professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. This Journal, with a world-wide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous publication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its editor-in-chief and managing director. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. The student board of the Journal, like the editorial board of the Law Review, is chosen from among the highest ranking students at the end of the first year of Law School work and bears responsibility for 67 �preparing and editing the case abstracts, notes, and comments appearing in the student section of the Journal. Although several law schools have so-called "intramural" law reviews in addition to regular published journals to broaden opportunities for student participation in work of this kind, the availability of a second published periodical for student work is rare, if not unique, especially in a moderate-sized school. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire sudent body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding- judges for final arguments include former Asrnciate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School, Class of 1930) and Associate Justices Bryon R. White, Tom C. Clark, Potter Stewart and Thurgood Marshall of the Supreme Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists. Arcade outside the Placement Office. �A snack and chat in the basement lunchroom. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from .the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the honor code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The honor code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the 69 �students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of special note that this system has been chosen by the students and that students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal recepti0ns are held fequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual conversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student leadership through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association takes a leading role in planning and conducting the annual orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. The varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable trammg in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each year a number of second and third year students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the Faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for 70 �the opportumt1es they afford for close part1opation m the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the Faculty. VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES Recent developments in the law requiring expanded representation for indigent criminal defendants, and the recent proliferation of voluntary and charitable agencies providing legal services in civil matters to members of disadvantaged groups, have greatly increased the numbers of opportunities open to students to give voluntary service from which both satisfaction and valuable experience can be gained. For example, the School has provided a Legal Clinic Program since 1910, and as of February, 1969, the School, with the assistance of grants from the Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure, has established its own office located at the Law School, known as the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic. The Clinic provides legal services to persons who are patients of the medical and dental clinics operated by Northwestern University. Law students may serve in the Clinic under the direction and supervision of the Clinic's staff attorneys and may assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, the preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, necessary legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for and conducting trials. Other opportunities for such voluntary participation by law students are facilitated by the School's excellent location in a major urban center. Outlying offices of the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities accept law student volunteer services, as do other agencies such as the Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center, a group of young attorneys who practice with law firms in Chicago and who volunteer their services to needy residents of the near north side of Chicago. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. A program of intramural athletics offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the Uni71 �versity's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization o( the wives of Law School students. A substantial number of the student body are married. At the social gatherings of the Law Wives, the student's wife can visit with faculty wives, discuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and attention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 72 �"Mr. Hoyne says that he h as confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tui tion fees are to be $ 100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. ADMISSION, TUITION, FEES , AND FINANCIAL AID Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in America and from abroad. In recent years there have been five or more applicants for each place in the entering class. As a private institution Northwestern must rely principally upon tuition income and gi fts from alumni and others to meet the not inconsiderable expenses of maintaining the facul ty, library, and other facilities of a law school of the first rank. Fortunately, a substantial portion of the gifts made to the University and the Law School is available to provide financial assistance to students in need of it. ADMISSION The admission policies of Northwestern University are not predicated upon any consider ation whatever of race, color, or creed, but completely upon the competence of the individual. Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. 73 �Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant is asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree, unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern's Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administerd by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, is supplied with the admission forms. The test may be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations on forms furnished by the School from two college or university instructors. The application fee is $15. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. Ordinarily if the School is in session, arrangements can be made for the visitor to attend a regular class session. The School would appreciate the visitor telephon74 �ing or writing in advance to the Secretary of Admissions for an appointment. During the normal college vacation periods, the number of prospective students wishing to visit the School is large. This fact and the large volume of admissions mail and other business in these periods make it almost impossible to give extended personal attention to visitors at these times. The School holds an "open house" during the Christmas holiday and all applicants are urged to visit the School on that occasion. Each year a number of applicants seek personal interviews with the aim of thus enhancing their chances of gaining admission. Although the Admissions staff is always happy to answer questions to the best of its ability, applicants should be aware that decisions are made by the Committee on Admissions and that the only effective way to ensure full Committee consideration of special circumstances is to append a written statement of them to the application form. The Secretary of Admissions is ordinarily available to speak with visitors and can answer authoritatively or secure answers to questions not answered by this bulletin or other printed material. WHEN TO APPLY The completed application form should be submitted by January first. Applications not completed by April first will be considered only if spaces are available. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. Applicants wishing to apply for financial assistance should refer to the information given on page 80. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstaffces are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college, 0r his professors. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $50 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after n@tice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition or fees. 75 �No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $15 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report must be furnished. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. 76 �In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force . English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is b est for law school is also the best in liberal educa tion-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, h abits, a nd circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $3,200 ap proxima tes the total expe nse for the academic yea r of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total about $1,850 is required for tuition , fees, books, a nd supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decad es of his profess ional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interes ts it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each 77 �student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni a nd friends of Northwestern. Tuition for th e academic year 1969-70 is as follow s: Undergraduate Full Tuition First Semester ............................................... . . $862.50 Second Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.50 U ndergradua te Part-time T uitio n, each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester ........................ . . . ... 862.50 Graduate Part-time Tuition, each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.00 Police Legal Advisor Program, each semester (No charge for p eriod of Field Ass ignm ent) ............. . . .. ... . 862.50 Prosecution a nd Defense Program First year, each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.50 Second year, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.00 R esident in R esearch Fee, each semes ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each cr ed it-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SG .00 NOTE : A tuitio n increase will be effective for the academ ic year J9i0-71. For those students who first enrolled in th e Law School prior to September 1969, the tuition will be $ 1,890 annually ($945 per semester). For those students who first enrolled in September 1969, or subsequ ent thereto, the tuition will be $2, 100 a nnuall y ($1,050 per semester) . Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergrad uate students. Cand ida tes for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of J uriclical Science (S.J.D.) a nd students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and a re in th eir first semes ter of full-time grad uate work p endin g th eir accep ta nce as ca ndida tes for a grad uate degree are classified as grad uate students. All other stud ents are unclass ified stude nts. Candidates for the S.J.D. a nd LL.M. degrees who h ave clone full -time graduate work at this U niversity for two semesters are charged th e R esi dent-inR esear ch fee unless they take co urs es or semin ars. They are then charged at the rate of $86.00 a credit-hour. U nclassified students in res idence who are neither taking courses or seminars for cr edit nor auditing co urses or seminars are charged th e R esident-in-Research fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the fo llowing academic fees, mostly no n-recurring, are charged: App li ca ti o n Fee . .. .... . ... . ........ ............ .. .... . ............ $ 15.00 (This fee is not transferable a nd is not refundable upo n withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $50.00 is required of all a pplica nts accepted for ad mission including those gra nted fin a ncial assistance. This d e78 �posit is not refundable but is applied as part payment of tuition or fees.) Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . ... .... . .. . .... . ............................... . .. Master of Laws . ................... ......... .. ......... . ... . ... Doctor of Juridical Science ... . .. . . . ......... . .. ... . ... .. . .. ... . Mimeograph Feel First semester . .. .. . . .. . . . . . ..... . . . .... . .. . . .. . ... . . . .. . . . . ... . Second semester ........ .... . ........ . . . . ... . .... . .. . . ... . ... .. . Late R egistration Fee (fo r registering after the scheduled time) . ...... . Change of R egistration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) ... . ..... . . . .. . ....... ..... ............................. . Late Physical Examination Fee .......... . .................. .. . .... . Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . .............. .. .. . . . . . . ...... . .. . .. .. . . Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each ............ . ........ . .. . ..... . 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.50 12.50 5. 00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are du e in the first few weeks aft er the commen cement of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, convenien tly located on the first floor of Abbott H all, r eceives these p ayments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first flo or of Abbott Hall, issues the statemen ts and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the R egistrar of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are h eld for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw a fter the first one-fourth of the term and before the middl e of the term are h eld for on e-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the m iddle of the term are h eld for full tuition. R egardless of the time of withdrawal, students are h eld for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same ch arges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the d ate on which the studen t withdrew from classes and fil ed a written withdrawal notice with the R egistrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figurin g any adjustment on tuition. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and gradu ate students in the fo llowing categori es are eligible to apply for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty a nd staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the U niversity; 1 1n many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement ass igned casebooks. This flat charge covers the cost of supplies and labor to prepare such sup plcmenrn ry material. In a few cou rses mimeographed mate rials are prepared by the in structor to replace completely an assigned casebook. In those instan ces where the volume of materia l is substanli al an additional charge (less than the cost of the usual casebook) is made. In neither situation is there any charge made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial ass istanLs spe nt in research, editing, and cutting Lhe stencils for the materials. 79 �(b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern. Information concerning these rebates and application blanks are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before registration each term. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible as,istance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. 80 �MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by wntmg t0 the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion De'ii\Titt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted as early as possible and in any event not later than March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. Information on when to apply for admission appears on page 75. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addi tion to substan tial sums provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of Law Alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law School the following special scholarships and awards are available: Clarion D eWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the neoos of the student, are available for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient with average summ er earnings to enable the student to meet all typical cos ts of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet th e other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by the late Owen L. Coon, Class of 1919, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes th e objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships of $2,7 00 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Founda tion. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students and lawyers of the role of the behavioral scien ces within the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required of candid ates. Fran cis S. Kosmerl Scholarshivs. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of th e Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional trainin~. Preference is given to applicants who have 81 �been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. L ewis Larn ed Coburn M emorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob N ewman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles W einfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education . In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $ 10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $ 10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. 'il\Tare to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow 'il\Tare, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from l 924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius ]. Hoff man Scholarship . A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fimd. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the la te Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financi al assistance. 82 �Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5, 000 established by a bequest in the will of the late ·w ellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5, 000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $52,200 has been co ntributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the la te Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $ 100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $ 10,000 endowment, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. In 1966, $1,000 was added to the original endowment. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden Vlest of the Class of I 925 to purchase books to be used each year by a male freshman scholarship student in the Law School of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance, who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insuran ce Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of orthwestern alumni employed by the company. 83 �Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M . Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship . The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship . In memory of Ednyfecl H ...Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09\, his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. v\Tilliarns, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance . David T. Campb ell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. H endrik Foloni e Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in l 963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $1 ,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric 84 �Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Robert V. Jones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided annually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, f9r a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October, I 963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. , a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. john H enry Wigmore Honorary ScholarshijJs. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be d esignated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry 'v\Tigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evi dence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The schol arships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer onl y a nominal fin ancial award. Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc., to a worthy student in the Law School wh0 is in need of financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. "\i\Tright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon ·w o Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, Harold Hoon "\!\To "\!\Tong of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. 85 �L. Shirley Tark Scholarship . The income from a fund of $35,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Iren e V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. George M. K eane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane. The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years. Katharin e D exter McCormick Funcl. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, and Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial asisstance. In 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. 86 �Conference with the Dean. GRADUATE STUDY: ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree m law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is a matter which rests within the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native lang·uage is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. The School's graduate degrees are described fully on pages 60-61. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the •C ommittee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on pages 77-79 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, in87 �eluding books, board and room, , and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be approximately $2,000. Accomodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957, the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,600 a year is specifically made available for two graduate fellowships for two foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law School Library. For many years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The School has also offered courses and seminars in International Organizations, International Business Transactions, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Common Market. The J ames Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,800. From that amount, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of each fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. Since 1961 , the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. More information on the Program of International Legal Studies appears on page 59. CRIMINAL LAW FELLOWSHIPS For information on Criminal Law fellowships, see "The Criminal Law Program" on page 58. GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies of the Law School. 88 �Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. 89 �In this century four distinguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of La w. The present Dean is John Ritchie who assumed th e post in 1957 . " Old No rthwestern ! That's where we learned our law.·' - " The Counsellor's Chorus," John Hemy Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The bonds formed in the years of study at the Law School are enduring ones. The School through its Placement Service offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in terms of self-realization and contribution. And the School's alumni band together both to keep alive memories and friendships of student days and to provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of Assistant Dean Lewis F. Treleaven. Through general announcements to the profession and particular :inqwnes, the Placement Service gathers information on professional 90 �opportunities and openings. The Placement Service compiles complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prosp ective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. That the bars are overcrowded has been repeated in each generation. But the demand for well trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placem ent Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. A majority of the Law School's alumni are en gaged in the private practice of law. Some h ave chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the b ar in n early every state in the nation and in several foreign countri es. In service to th eir profession as well as their clients, they have occupied th e presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associa tions. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practi ce. Furthering a stron 3' tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with governm ent a t the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commission s, and on the staffs of government departments, these m en are often vested with m ajor responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service many enter private practice, where their experien ce in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, diplomats, mayors, attorney gen erals, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. The strength of the Iorthwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the p ast seventy years, a Law School alumnus h as been either the ca ndid ate or a strong contender for the nomination of on e of the two major parties. In the judi ciary, Northwestern m en h ave served with di stinction on the benches of the high est courts, both federal and state. For the topra nking st udents, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and j udges of the federa l and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financi al rewards are not great; however, through the years North western , for its size, has con tributed more than its sh are of the nation's law teachers. I ts graduates have joined the facu lties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have 91 �Alumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion. served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities 92 �for advancement in management have combined to draw substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of nersonal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biog-raphical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in cour~e work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. 93 �Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1968-1969 were : OFFICERS, 1968-1969 Regional Vice-Presidents President OWEN RALL, '24 Kansas City First Vice-President DANIEL vVALKER, J. RICHARD '50 FLYNN, Washington '37 '29 New York LAURENCE OLIPHA NT, JR., Cleveland Treasurer L. MILTON NORMAN M. SEVIN, '36 Miami PAUL ZIFFREN, FISHER, '37 HELMER R . JOHNSON, HoN. HERBERT C. PAscHEN, EUGENE KART, '34 San Francisco Third Vice-President Secretary '53 HARRY R. HORROW, Second Vice-President GORDON WINKS, '61 WILLIAM M . BARVICK, Los Angeles '49 '34 '56 '3 8 Immediate Past Presiden t JOSEPH H . WRIGHT, ' 19 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1969 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '33 DWIGHT P. GREEN, JR. , '40 HoN . J u Liu s HENRY w. J. KENOE, '31 DEAN VAIL, .JR., '39 '36 ETTELSON, CRANE C. HAUSER, BAR NET HODES, '24 '4 1 0. KEGAN, '42 '36 '29 '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 ALBERT W. POTTS, ELROY C. SANDQUIST, 94 JAMES T. Ons, '31 '40 '5 1 '33 GEORGE KELM, '38 '15 '6 1 HON. ISIDORE BROWN, '5 4 MILTON A. KOLAR, '67 '39 RUSSELL H. MATTHIAS, T erms Expiring in 1971 PAUL j. FURLONG, '47 ESTHER HORACE W. JORDAN, TIMOTHY C. KLEN K, '40 DAVID M. GOODER, JONES, JAMES C. HARDMA N, '50 '2 1 HoN. SEYMOUR F. S1MoN, PAUL GERDEN, A. Terms Expiring in 1973 HoN . LATHAM CASTLE, L. Ho N. SIDNEY RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF, Terms Expiring in 1970 J E R0\'1E '3 2 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '15 HOFFMAN, ' I\TILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, J. Terms Expiring in 1972 JOHN j. CROWN, '55 '3 2 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES GRADUATES ENROLLED IN THE LAW SCHOOL, 1968-69 Alver no College .... A me rican U ni ve rsit y Amherst College A n tioch Coll ege .. Ar izo n a Sta te U n ive rsity U ni vers ity of Arizo n a . . A ug usrnna College Barnard College Belo it College Bowd o in College B ra n de is Un ivers ity . . Brooklyn College Brown U ni ve rsily . . . . . ........ . .... . ... . Butler U n iversity ... Cal ifo rni a State College Unive rsity of Cali for ni a . Calvin Coll ege . . . . ......... . Carleton Coll ege Carthage College Case -,.Yestem R ese r ve U ni ve rs ity. U ni vers ity o f C h icago C in c in n a ti U ni ve rsity ....... . . . C it y Coll ege of New Yor k . .. .. . . Colga te U ni vers ity Colo rad o College ............. .. . .. . Columbi a U ni ve rsity . ... . . .. . • . .. ... Co rn eJI U n ive rsity .. . D artmout h Co llege ........ . .. . .... .. ... . U n ive rsity o f D ay ton Denison Un iversity . . U ni ve rsi ty o f D e n ver ... .. ..•. .. .. DePa u l U ni vers ity .. D cP a u w U n ivers ity ......•.. .. • .... . . . .. .. Dra ke U niversity ... . .. . .. . . E m o ry U nive rsiLy Fisk Uni versi l y Flo ri da Sta le U ni versi ty F ra nklin a n d ~1Iars h a ll College Geo rgeto wn U ni vers iLy G rinn ell College ............ . H a r va rd U ni vers ity . ... . . . .. . .. . . . . Un ive rsi Ly o f H awaii H ira m Co llege ................•. . . .•.. . ... H obart College Co llege o f th e H o ly Cross H o pe Coll ege Hun ter College ................... . . . Il linois College Ill inois Instit u te of Techn ology I ll in o is State U n iver si Ly Un ive rsity of Ill ino is Ind ian a State Co llege I n d ia n a U ni ve rsiL y U ni ve rsity of Iowa ......... .. .. .. . .. . . Iowa Wes leya n Co llege J o hn Ca rroll U ni vers it y J o h ns Ho pkins Uni, crs ity P o ntifi ca l Coll ege J ose phinum Ka la m azoo College Un ive r siLy of Ka nsas Ken yo n Coll ege Kn ox ColJege L a ke Fo res t College La wre n ce U ni vers iLy Le hi g h U n ive rsity . . Loras College Loyola Un ivers ity (C hi cago) . ....... . . .. . Loyo la U n ive r siLy ( New Orlea n s) Ma n h a u a n ville College .. . .. . . ... ... . ..... . M arq u c n e U ni ve rsity ...... . ..•......•.• . • l l l l 2 2 3 l 2 I 3 I I I I 6 I l I 5 6 I 2 2 I 3 l 8 I 2 4 8 8 5 J I 6 3 5 I I l I I 2 I J l 57 I 3 2 I 3 l I I 3 2 8 3 4 I I 23 I I 7 U ni vc rsiLy of i.Vrassach useus ~1i am i Un iver sity M ichi ga n State U n iversiLy U n ive rsity of Mi chi ga n Midd le b u ry College .......... . . . . . . ... . . Mi lli k in U n ive rsity U ni ve rsi ty of M isso uri Mo nm outh College Un iversity of Neb raska Ne wco m b Coll ege ...........• .•. . ..... Uni ver sit y of New ~1fex ico No rth Cen tra l Co llege .. Nort hern Ill in o is U n iversity .... . . . . . . Nort h eas te rn niversity No rth weste rn U n ivers ity U n iver sity of Notr e D a m e Occide n tal College T he O hi o St ate U n iversily ..... ..• . .. O h io U n ivers ity .. O hi o Wesleya n U n iversity Pen n sylva ni a State U ni versity U ni ve rsity o f P enn sylvania U nive rsity of Pitlsbu rgh . . Prin ceto n U ni vers it y T he Princi p ia College . . . •. . .. . .• . . .. .. Purdue U n ive rsity .. . .. ...... . ..... . .... . Quee ns Coll ege .. Rad cliffe College .. R a n dol ph -M aco n College ...... . . .. . • . • . . . . Uni vers ity of Red la n ds Roose ve lt U ni vers ity .. Rosa r y College .... ..... . .. . Rutge rs-T he Suue U ni ve rsity St. Joh n's College St. J oseph 's Coll ege . ... St. Mary's College St. P rocopi us College ............... . •. . .. San D iego State Co llege Sa n F ra n cisco Sta te College U ni ve rsit y of Sa nla C lara Sm it h College So uLh D a ko ta School of Mines and Techn o logy Sou t h er n Illinois U n iversiLy Su:in fo rd U n ive rs ity Ste tso n Uni vers ity Te m p le U ni ve rsi ty Un iversi t y of Texas Tr in ity College T ufts U ni ve rsiLy ..........•. . .. . . . . 'T ul a n e U n ive rsity Uni o n Coll ege Uni ver sity of Utah ...... . . . . Va lpar a iso Univers ity Va n de rb ilt U ni ve rsi Ly Vassa r Coll ege W abas h Coll ege \i\Tas hi n g ton Un ive rsity W as h in gto n and J e fferso n College \.Yesleya n U ni vers ity \•Ves t Virg in ia U ni vers ity \,Vestmi n ster Co llege W hea ton Co llege .. Wi lli a ms College U ni vers ity of \,V isco n sin Coll ege o f Woos te r ........ . .. . ... . .... ... . Ya le U ni ve rsit y To ta l numbe r o f colleges a n d un ive rsiLies re presen ted l 8 8 15 l I 2 2 2 l I I 2 2 55 20 I 2 I 3 l 6 l 6 I 6 l 3 l I 3 l l l l I I I I l 4 2 l 4 l l 2 2 l l I l I 5 2 2 5 2 2 I I 4 3 13 2 5 ..... 137 9.5 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 13, 20 Academ ic regulations , 49 Admission, 73 application fee , 74, 76, 78 appli cat ion for, 74 graduate study, 87 pre-legal study, 76 transfer, 76 tuition deposit, 75 , 78 visits to the school, 74 when to apply, 75 Alumn i, 90 Attendance, 49 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 5 Classes, 24 Classrooms , 15 Comse descriptions, 35 Course of in struction, 23 Course load , 32 Courses, required, 32 Cu rri culum, 33; three-yea r, 31 Degrees, first , 52, graduate, 60 Enrollment, limited, 32 Examinations, 49 Expenses, 77, 87 Facil iti es, 20 Faculty, 6, 25 Fees, 77, 78 , 87 Fellowship s, gradu ate, 88 Criminal Law Program, 58 International Legal Studies, 59, 88 Police Legal Advisor Program, 59 Prosecution and Defense Program, 58 Financial Assistance, 80; appli cation , 81 Grades , 50 Graduate study in law, 60, 87 Grants, 81 Health serviGe, 22 Honor Code, 69 Honors and prizes, 50 Junior Bar Association , 69 Law Alumni Association, 93; officers and directors , 94 Law study, 11 Library, 16 Library funds , 19 96 Loans, 86 Location , 12 Methods of instruction, 26 case method , 26 practice courses, 28 problem method , 28 seminars, 29 senior research program , 30, 34 Moot court, 68 Officers, 6 Order of the Coif, 50 Placement, 90 Pre-legal stud y, 76 Publications, legal, 66 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology ancl Police Science, 50, 67 Northwestern University Law Rev iew, 50 , 66 Rebates to faculty, sta ff, and instructors, 79 R ecreation and social activities, 71 Refunds, 79 Register, colleges and universities, 95 Research assistantships, 70 Schedule, typical, 24 Scholarships, 80, 81 Sem inars, 29, 34 Senior Research Program, 30, 34 Stud ent activities, 70 Student deposit account, 80 Student residence , 20 Student wives, 72 Supplemental programs, 53 Corpo rate Counsel Institute, 58 Criminal Law Program, 58 Linthicum Foundation Program, 57 National Institute for Education in Law and Poverty, 57 "Ph ilosophy from Law" Conferences, 60 Program of International Legal Studies, 59 Program in Law and the Social Sciences, 59 Rosenthal Lectures, 54 Tuition, 77, 87; payment of, 79 Voluntary legal services, 71 Withdrawal, 79 �:_J 13 c] :J 12 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 EAST CHESTNUT A I I B C D HJ D EAST HURON G w w :i: I- n~ 0 <( L H EAST ERIE u 7 13 12 11 z K EAST OHIO STREET L 10 9 7 8 6 5 3 2 ,1 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus 1. Abbott Hall (Residence) 2. Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital 3. Heating Plant 4. Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 5. McCormick Hall (Law School) 6. Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Dental and Medical Schools) 7. Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) 8. Passavant Memorial Hospital (Patterson Memorial Building) F2 D8 G3 D4 E5 D6 E7 F7 9. Rehabilitation Institute 10. Searle Build ing (M ed ica l School) 11 . Th orne Hall 12. Vete rans Adm inistration Resea rch Hosp ita l 13. Wieboldt Hall ( Even ing Di visio ns and Gradu ate Scho ol of M anageme nt) L4 E6 E3 H6 E5 Future Prop osed Sites 14. Wom en's Ho spital and Maternity Center of Chicago 15. Rehabilitation In sti tute F6 F4 �Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. PHILIPPI ANS 4:8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1969-1970</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXIX, no. 5) for the 1969-1970 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1969-1970 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 July Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN THE SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Volume LXIX Number Second Chicago Illinois. Issued Jul University. Publications Office Evanston BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop. CONTENTS FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE J.D. ADMISSION Summer Session REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS Law School ADMISSION Graduate Study J.D. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS PLACEMENT OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Placement Service Law Alumni Association Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois HOUSING Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAM S. KERR FRANKLIN M. KREML ROLAND J. HINZ ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING WILLIAM C. BRADFORD HARRY WELLS LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN NORMAN M. GARLAND KURT SCHWERIN LEWIS F. TRELEAVEN JoHN H. BECKSTROM ROBERT W. BENNETT WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN ROBERT D. CHILDRES ANTHONY A. D AMATO KARL DE ScHWEINITZ THOMAS EovALDI NORMAN M. GARLAND STEVEN GOLDMAN IRVING A. GORDON JAMES B. HADDAD CLARK C. HAVIGHURST HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST John P. HEINZ JORDAN JAY HILLMAN FRED E. INBAU VANCE N. KIRBY BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY EDWARD A. MEARNS NATHANIEL NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH JoHN C. O BYRNE JAMES A. RAHL HARRY B. REESE JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM R. RoALFE DAvID S. RUDER DANIEL M SCHUYLER RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ KuRT SCHWERIN FRANCIS O. SPALDING JoN R. WALTZ ZEAMORE A. ADER PETER J. H. BENTLEY PAUL J. BoHANNAN GEORGE M. BuRDITT JOHN A. DIENNER ROBERT F. HANLEY HENRY W. KENOE OTTO KERNER BEVERLY PATTISHALL WALTER V. SCHAEFER HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JoHN M. TEEVAN MERRILL S. THOMPSON TEACHING ASSOCIATES MARGARET H. FRAILEY JoHN A. T. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION DOUGLAS G. BROWN NICHOLAS BULL FREDERICK S. BURSTEIN JAYNE A. CARR BARRY E. COHEN ROBERT G. FOSTER SUSAN B. JORDAN JERRY E. KUGELMAN LEONARD SINGER ANDREW M. STROJNY MARVIN D. TRUHE STEVEN N. WOHL PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH University Law Review FRED E. INBAU Journal Criminal Law MARVIN E. WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN AIDA R. GRISWALD PATRICIA R. VARGO MAXINE BERRY ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF MARILYN B. CoHN DIANA M. DENISON JANE T. DUNNE CHRISTINE M FINN JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS RHEA W. KESSLER GENEVIEVE JOHNSON AMELIA A. LASHOK BERNICE F. LE BEAU MILDRED F. MITCHELL MARY H. MYSLEWIC KRYSTYNA OBUCHOWICZ FRANK J. PLAZA ELIZABETH L. SIMON LILLJAN L. SKOUROS JANET M SMITH BETTY E. THEISEN ANN E. THOMAS JoAN F. VOGT RICHARD F. WIECZOREK ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS LIBRARY STAFF KURT SCHWERIN ELAINE E. TEIGER ROMAN SAJEWYCH GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN LILIANE LEVY DoROTHY KLOFKORN ESTHER L. ANDERSON ETELKA VAJDA MARTA M. PRYJMA MILADA WEBER JOHN W. CAMPBELL MARIA C. CHASE SELMA KRAHN EDWARD J. RowAN EuGENIA WERES MARIJA KovACEVIC RENE R. DE RouGOMONT DIRECTORS OF PROGRAMS CRAIG W. CHRISTENSEN GARY S. LASER WAYNE W. SCHMIDT LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC STAFF GARY S. LASER NANCY L. HESKETT BoNNIE R. WINSTON Law School Quadrangle Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Abbott Hall Law School Northwestern University. Surrounding Law School Graduate School Management Medical Dental Schools. Thorne Hall Abbott Hall University Medical Center. Living University Evanston. Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies Univenity First Plan University University Evanston Chicago Northwestern University Library First Plan Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Rebecca Crown Center O.T. Hogan Biological Sciences Research Building Norris University Center Center Fine Performing Arts. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street. Levy Hall Elbert H. Gary Library Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library . School About Dean John H. · United States England Continent School Strawn Hall. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN David Dudley Field Northwestern School Law Law School Long Law School Early Law School Today Northwestern II THE SCHOOL William Searle Holdsworth Unlike . Professional There There LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop Chicago United States Court Appeals. Li Hall. CLASSROOMS Law School . Su Northwestern. Lincoln Hall British House Commons School . School Complete LIBRARY Law School. Nor Law School Library Elbert H. Gary Library Owen L. Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Stree Elbert H. Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen L. Coon Library Owen L. Coon Foundation. Northwestern Western Hemisphere. More . School Faculty Library. Law School Library United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English More European Japan Latin American . Holdings Roman Especially \ Villiams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. George W. Shaw Collection Early European Law Joseph L. Shaw LL.B. Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room . Western Hemisphere. They Cutler Browsing Alcove Comfortably LIBRARY FUNDS University appropnat Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert H. Gary LL.B. Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund Norris E. Crull LL.B. Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LL.B. Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LL.B. Mrs. Rosenberg Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund Class Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund Herbert Dacks. Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip A. Shapiro J.D. Circuit Court Cook County Walter H Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. Paul Cutler J.D. Cutler Browsing Alcove. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School. On Law School Levy Hall. Separate Junior Bar Association Law Review Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Student Book Exchange. Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual . English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall. All Abbott Hall Law Residents Association. Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street. Indiana On Facilities Floors School Law. There Double Rooms All Bed Each Trunks Abbott H Abbott Hall Before Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall. Rental Bills Cashier Office Abbott Hall. Applications . Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Apartment Rental Law School STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Student Health Service Law School Montgomery ! Tard Building Room Medical School. Medical Student Health Bulletin Clinic . . Physicians Student Health Room Acute Emergency Room Passavant Memorial Hospital. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School . Rather Human Law Every Effective Reflecting Law School Beyond . CLASSES Class There Two Time . Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. Today Torts Property Criminal Law Con Law School . · So Labor Relations Taxation Administrative Law Civil Rights Trade Relations Law School Professor Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Comparative Law International Business Transactions FACULTY Law School Each Their Such School Class Booth Hall. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION . Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School os opm < > Under Northwestern Socratic Questions From Since Admissions Office Law School Problem Method Law School . ! Perhaps Perhaps Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Practice Courses Practice Law School Northwestern Practice Clinic. Northwestern Legal Aid Clinic Clinic Clinic Clinic During Moot Court. Practicing Julius H Miner Moot Court Competition. . Law School Seminars Seminars . Some Students Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Senior Research. Some Law School Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under Program Program Law School Depending University University Program Program Program Senior Research Program Program Program School THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School School Faculty During Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law. Legal Writing Research Laboratory Seminar Procedure Each Thereafter Law School Moreover Thus Civil Liberties Legal History Comparative Law School REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor All International Law Senior Research Students Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Faculty Courses COURSE LOAD Courses opm Faculty On LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Practice School Trial Practice CURRICULUM Course eac COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS Credit First Semester Hours Contracts Criminal Law Laboratory Seminar Procedure Legal Writing Research Property Torts Second Semester Credit Hours Constitutional Law Law Social Change Legal Profession Moot Court Sales Secured Transactions Torts II COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Credit First Semester Hours Accounting Administrative Law Antitrust Law Civil Procedure Civil Rights Commercial Law Conflict Laws Corporations Debtor Creditor Relations Decedents Estates Trusts Evidence Family Law Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation International Law Labor Law Law Poverty Legal Profession Practice Clinic Public Private Control Land Use Trademarks Trade Identity Copyrights Trial Practice Credit Second Semester Hours Admiralty Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure II Commercial Law II Conflict Laws Criminal Law Administration Decedents Estates Trusts II Equity Restitution Damages Evidence Family Law Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law International Law Law Poverty Legal Profession Patent Law Practice Practice Clinic Race Relations Scientific Evidence Securities Regulation State Local Government Trial Practice SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All Seminars First Semester Advanced Business Associations Partnerships Advanced Legal Writing African Law Antitrust Law Policy Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Societies Criminal Appellate Advocacy Economic Development Political Modernization Law English Legal History Estate Planning Food Drug Law Government Land Law Society State Local Taxation Tax Policy SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Second Semester Analysis Solution Selected Legal Problems Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Corporate Management Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Evidence Crimin Law Current Problems Economic Analysis Public Policy Estate Planning Fiduciary Administration International Business Transactions International Organizations Introduction Civil Law Jurisprudence Labor Law Law Criminology Organizational Problems Minority Group Enterprises Problems Taxation Business Income Real Estate Development R · Industries Senior Research Program Interested Program General Office School. COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CO NSTITUTIONAL L AW Course Second Semester MESSRS. D AMATO NATHANSON T Congress Pres Dowling Gunther Constitutional L Cases Ma Mr. D A Mr. Nath CO NTR ACT S Cou First Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM CHILDRES Study Statute Frauds. Co Emphasis U Commercial Cod Fuller Braucher Basic Contract L Mr. Beckstrom Dawson H Cases Mat Contracts Mr. Childres CRI MINAL LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. H EINZ NBAU Co Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice . LABORATORY SEMINAR IN PROCEDURE Course BECKSTROM BENNETT CHAMBERLIN D AMATO GARLAND GOLDMAN H ADDAD INBAU MARTIN McGovERN MEARNS MRs. NETSCH MR. SPALDING First Semester LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester MR. MEARNS An Certain LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM EovALDI An Among Required Countryman Finman Lawyer Modern Society Mr. Eovaldi Mr. Beckstrom LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH Course First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ SPALDING MRS. FRAILEY MR. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Writing Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate MOOT COURT Course Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ TmTMORE Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School Emphasis PROPERTY Course First Semester MESSRS. GORDON SCHUYLER Introduction Historical Shelley Fraser Cases R Property . SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Second Semester MESSRS. CHILDRES GORDON See Commercial Law IL TORTS Course First Semester MESSRS. ME R NS RAHL Protection Gregory Kalven Cases Torts Mr. Mearns Green Pedrick R Thode Hawkins Smith Cases Torts Mr. Rahl Continued TORTS II Cou Second Semester MESSRS. BENNETT WALTZ See Torts Materials SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars ACCOUNT! G Course First Semester MR. BRADY Principles Corporations Amory Hardee Materials Accounting Faris Accounting Lawyers. AD MINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. BENNETT NATHANSON Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Mr. Nathanso Mr. Bennett ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester J !JR. iVIAcCHESNEY General Jurisdiction Healy Currie Cases Admiralty. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Seminar First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Analysis Use Development Materials ADVANCED LEGAL WRITING Seminar First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ SPALDING English. Ed Legal Writing Research Enrollmen Assistants Instruction AFRICAN LAW Seminar First Semester MR. NEKAM An African Western Problems ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIO OF SELECTED LEGAL PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester MR. TEEVAN Primary Illinois ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MRS. NETSCH MR. C. HA VIG HURST Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Governm R Business Rahl Cases Materials Antitrust Law Mrs. Netsch Mr. Havighurst ANTITRUST LA · AND POLICY Seminar First Semester MR. RAHL Advanced BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester MR. SHAPIRO Advanced Examination Prerequisite Corporations. Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES Seminar First Semester MR. NATHANSON Intensive Bill Rights. Particular Reference CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester MESSRS. REESE WALTZ Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Louisell Hazard Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester MR. REESE See Civil Procedure CIVIL RIGHTS Course First Semester MR. D AMATO Study American Negro Discussion COMMERCIAL LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN GORDON Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materia Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment COMMERCIAL LAW II Course Second Semester MR. GORDON Sales Article Un Commercial Code. Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar oT OFFERED IN An CO FLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester MR. MACCI IESNEY Second Semester MR. NEKAM Enforcement Brief R Materials Mr. MacChesney Cheatham Griswald Reese Rosenberg Cases Confiict Laws Mr. Nekam CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester MR. EovALDI An T CORPORATE MANAGEMENT Seminar Second Semester MR. C. HAVIGHURST Description CORPORATIONS Course First Semester MESSRS. GOLD V[AN RUDER Consideration Securities Exchange Commission Materials CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar First Second Semesters lVIESSRS. HADDAD MARTI Research Visits CRIMI AL EVIDENCE Seminar Second Semester MESSRS. INBAU MARTIN An Mimeographed CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course Second Semester MR. HADDAD Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice Vol. II CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester MESSRS. HADDAD INBAU MARTIN DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester MR. EOVALDI Federal Bankruptcy Act Special Materials DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester MESSRS. McGovERN RITCHIE Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . DECEDENTS EST ATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester MESSRS. McGOVERN SCHUYLER Charitable Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Second Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ Economic ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ ENGLISH LEGAL HISTORY Seminar First Semester MR. McGOVERN Consideration Mimeographed Students EST TE PLANNING Seminar First Semester MR. KIRBY Second Semester MR. McGOVERN Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation. EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course Second Semester MR. CHILDRES . Childres Survey Equity Restitution Damages EVIDE CE Course First Semester Second Semester MR. GARLAND MR. WALTZ Prerequisite Civil Procedure Louisell Kaplan Waltz Materials Evidence. FAMILY LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MR. NEKAM MR. BECKSTROM Jacobs Goebel Cases M. Domestic R Mr. Nekam Foote Levy Sander Cases Mat Family Law Mr. Beckstrom FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester MR. KIRBY MR. O BYRNE An Federal Income Taxation Estate Planning. Pedrick Kirby Problems Materials Federal Estate Gift Taxation FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester MR. O BYRNE MR. KIRBY Materials FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course Second Semester History MR. REESE Supreme Court. Prerequisites Civil Procedure Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Second Semester iVIR. O BYRNE An Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts. FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester MESSRS. BURDITT THOMPSON Prerequisite Administrative Law. GOVERNMENT AND LAND Seminar First Semester MR. REESE Problems FHA JNSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester MR. CHAMBERLIN Basics Keeton Basic Insurance Law. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester MR. BENTLEY International Assigned INTERNATIONAL LAW Course First Second Semesters MR. iV!AcCHESNEY An Bases Required Materials INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMON MARKET Seminar NoT OFFERED IN Atlantic Community Common Market. Term Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions Atlantic Area. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar Second Semester MR. NATHANSON United Nations United Nations Attention Sohn Law United Nations INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester MR. SCHWERIN Studies Anglo American Continental Selected J URISPRUDENCE Seminar Second Semester MR. EKAM Problems Jaw Legal Jaw LABOR LAW Course First Semester MR. HILLMAN Summers Wellington Cases Materials Labor Law. LABOR LAW Seminar Second Semester MR. HILLMAN Selected Emphasis National Labor Relations Railway Labor Acts. Prerequisite Labor Law Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course First Semester MR. EOVALDI Second Semester MR. BENNETT An One Examples . Finally Examples Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar Second Semester MR. HEI Z Consideration . LAW AND SOCIETY Seminar First Semester MR. SCHWARTZ An Mimeographed LEGAL PROFESSION Course First Semester Second Semester See First Year Courses. ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF MINORITY GROUP ENTERPRISES MR. EOVALDI MESSRS. BECKSTROM EOVALDI Seminar Second Semester MR. RUDER Study Selection Investigation Analysis Study Emphasis Chicago Black Materials PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Course Second Semester MR. DrnNNER Historical Smith Patent Law Cases Comments Materials. PRACTICE CLINIC Course First Second Semesters MR. KENOE Training Legal Aid Legal Clinical Legal Aid Guest Freeman Legal Interviewing Counseling PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Second Semester MR. KIRBY An An . Prerequisite Federal Income Taxation. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester MR. SPALDING Description RACE RELATIONS Course Second Semester MRS. NETSCH An United States Emerson Haber Dorsen Political Civil Rights United States Vol. II Report National Advisory Commission Civil Disorders REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN Analysis Materials REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar Second Semester MR. HILLMAN . > Prerequisite Administrative Law Antitrust Law Corporations. Materials SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester MR. INBAU Scientific SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester MR. RUDER Intensive Registration Securities Exchange Commission. Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation ST TE AND LOCAL GOVER.NM£ IT Course Second Semester MR. KERNER MRs. ETSCH Selected Mandelker Managing Our Urban Environment STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Seminar First Semest MR. O BYRNE Study Hellerstein State Local Taxation . TAX POLICY Seminar First Semester MR. KIRBY An Restricted Prerequisite Federal Income Taxation. TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY D COPYRIGHTS Course First Semester MR. PATIISHALL . Cases Materials Trademarks Trade Identity Copyrights TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters MR. HANLEY An . Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Semester MR. WALTZ Selected Special Limited Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs . Third Regular Failure Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular . Grades Students Dean HONORS AND PRIZES Order Coif Northwestern School THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Northwestern Order Coif IO THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors North University Law R Membership School Law. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Board Journal Criminal Law Board Law R Journal. Election Journal WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Selection Faculty. THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Frank Lowden Class BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government. . THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law HOMER F. CAREY WARD Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law Illinois Law Future Interests Carey Schuyler AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An University Levy Hall CLASS OF PLAQUE Class Law School School Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. LA WYERS TITLE FOUNDATION WARD Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation Richmond Virginia Foundation AMERICAN J URISPRUDENCE WARDS American Jurisprudence CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each Corpus Juris Secundum School WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each West Publishing Company School THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD Law INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance. PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Each Prentice Hall Inc. Federal Tax Guide Federal Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute Trial Practice. Institute National Moot Court Competition. DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law. Before Faculty Between Classes. University Juris Doctor J.D. School Law Northwestern University School Law School. Faculty Degrees Graduate Study SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School Law School Others School. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar. Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent School Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford U Some Lessons Our Legal H Macmillan. An Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H. Wu Chi Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press. J Escarra Faculty Law University Paris. Charles Supreme Court United States History Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press. Walton Hale H Professor Law Yale University. H T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. Th Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon L. Fuller Professor Law H University. Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc. United Nations United Nations. Adlai E. Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John N. Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul A. Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co. John P. Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co. Abraham H. Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf A. Berle Jr. Professor Law Colum University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press. Louis B. Sohn Professor Law Harvard U Ernest A. Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John J. Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations A. E. Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert L. A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Right Honorable Lord Radcl Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James A. Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc. Wilber G. Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern U Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William M. Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton Un Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale Un Northwestern Un Press. Justice Walter V. Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Faculty Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press. Justice Andre M. Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press. Judge Carl McGowan U S. Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press. Professor Harry W. Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School Faculty . } American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur J. Goldberg Judge Paul R. Hays Newton N Minow Eugene V. Rostow Adlai E. Stevenson W. Willard Wirtz. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION IN LAW AND POVERTY National Institute Education Law Poverty Law School Institute Law School Office Economic Opportunity Legal Services Programs National Institute Office Economic Opportunity. National Institute National Institute Just Building National Institute Institute Legal Services [ Colloquium Legal Services . National Institute Handbook Consumer Law Handbook Welfare Law. New Handbook Housing Law Each Handbook Northwestern University National Institute Institute Poverty Law Law School National Institute Poverty Law [ CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Since Northwestern Annual Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Institute Continuing Education Illinois Bar Association. Over Institute. Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM Criminal Law Criminal Law Administration Law School By Ford Foundation Law School An Ford Founda T LL.M. . From Ford Foundation . T School Ford Foundatio U Poli Legal Advisor Program LL.M. T THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES T Ford Foundation L School Intern L Studies T School Intern Law. School Interna Business Transactions Internatio Orga Comparative Law Admiralty Common Market. T Oth More Legal Studi THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES T Russell Sage Fo Law School Gradu School U One Graduate School University School Law Saga Scholars Law School They Law Socie Review PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW CONFERENCES Oscar Leer Law School Class Philosophy Law GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Law School One School American DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws University Faculty. School Students Each Graduate Committee During . Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. Faculty. Doctor Juridical Science S.].D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. . Faculty Faculty . Dean . Faculty. Faculty Candidates They Fellow Faculty. THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class . Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School . School His United States Public School Mr. Justice Byron R. White United States Supreme Court Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Hon. Otto Kerner Judge Seventh Circuit Court Appeals Illinois Lowden Hall. Tom C. Clark Justice United States Supreme Court Judge Latham Castle Chief Judge John S. Hastings Seventh Circuit Court Appeals Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Secretary Labor W. Willard Wirtz Faculty President Kennedy Labor Department Law School Arthur J. Goldberg Associate Justice United States Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Law School Dean John Ritchie. Mr. Justice Thurgood Ma United States Supreme Court Miner Moot Court Mr J Potter Stewart United States Supreme Court Law School. Students One Law School Law School. Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost Law School Northwestern University Law R Law R York Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review. University Chicago University Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review. Law Review. Several Selection Law School Because Law Review Coffee Lowden Hall. £ Northwestern Law Review Law Review One Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Law School Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. Journal . Professor Fred E. Inbau He Board Consulting Editors Journal Police Science Ordway Hilton Examiner Questioned Documents New York City. He Board Consulting Editors Journal Law Review Law School Journal. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition School. Made Judge Julius H. Miner Moot Court Board Those Asrnciate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg Law School Class Associate Justices Bryon R. White Tom C. Clark Potter Stewart Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court United States. School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition Arcade Placement Office. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law . Law School Junior Bar Association. All Association School Its Board Governors Association HONOR CODE An Law School Junior Bar Association Honor Code Law School Board Governors Association. Board Faculty. Code Law School Law School . STUDENT ACTIVITIES School. Junior Bar Association Law School Informal recepti Lowden Hall School. Junior Bar Association Association Association University Bookstore Abbott Hall Law School Northwestern Junior Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association. Law School School RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each Research Assistants Faculty. opportumt part Faculty. VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES Recent School Legal Clinic Program School Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc. Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic. Clinic Northwestern University. Law Clinic Clinic School Outlying Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center Chicago Chicago. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES He Nevertheless Organized Law School Junior Bar Association. Association Tickets Uni Evanston. Chicago STUDENT WIVES Junior Bar Association Law School . Law Wives Occasionally Law School ADMISSION TUITION Mr. Hoyne Henry Booth FEES AND FINANCIAL AID Every Law School America Northwestern Fortunately University Law School ADMISSION Northwestern University Since Law School School Applicants School MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Before Bachelor Bachelor Law School Admission Test. Northwestern Law School Information Educational Testing Service Princeton New Jersey Educational Testing Service School Law. An School VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An Committee Admissions. Prospective School. Ordinarily School School Secretary Admissions During School School Christmas School Each Admissions Committee Admissions Committee Secretary Admissions WHEN TO APPLY Applications . Applicants Applications Determinations Law School Admission Test Each Every Each @ Upon TRANSFER Juris Doctor Generally Transfer Law School Admission Test Dean School. Association American Law Schools C PRE LEGAL STUDY Bachelor Law School Since College Accordingly Courses Studies English Apart He Ordinarily He TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES TUITION FEES PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier Office Abbott H Division Student Finance Abbott Hall WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official R School Law. Students Students Students R . R Law School REBATES TO FACULTY STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate U . istanLs Lhe Northwestern. Information Student Finance Office Abbott Hall. Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall Students There SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE School Northwestern Approximately School Ordinarily All . Interest Awards Each MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application t Office Admissions Law School. Special Clarion De Titt Hardy Scholarships An Information SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law Alumni Law School Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law. Scholarships . Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen L. Coon Class Requirements Funds Owen L. Coon Foundation Hardy Scholarship Committee Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several Law School Graduate School University Russell Sage Founda Special Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarshivs. Francis S. Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob N Scholarship Fund. Mrs. Minnie G. Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Ware Scholarship. Mrs. Fannie M. Tare Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Tare Argonne Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. Frederic R. De Young LLB. LLD. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert C. De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert V. University School Law Illinois. Julius ]. Hoff Scholarship Judge Julius J. Hoffman Class Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fimd. Anna Louise Raymond Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. · Walker Chicago Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From Elmer A. Smith Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Faculty School Law Blumberg Book Loan Fund. Nathan S. Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden Vlest Class Law School Dean. Class Scholarship. Class Farmers Insuran Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles California Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From Ernest U. Schroeter Class Thad M Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From Thad M. Talcott Class Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfecl H ...W Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna B. Tilliarns .. David T. Campb Fund. From David T. Campbell Class H Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna N. Folonie Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois Law School Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day Class Law School Virgil B. Day Sr. Dean Law School School. Annual General Electric Company Mr. Day Robert V. Jones Scholarship. Robert V. Jones Class f Dean Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. Dean Law School Theodore Stone Class Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Armed Forces Armed Forces. H Wigmore Honorary ScholarshijJs. Students Wigmore Scholars John Henry Tigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evi Th Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School wh Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Tright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon · Wong Law School Harold Hoon ! To ! Tong Class Income Hawaii Dean School. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship L. Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. Irene V. McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago George M. K Scholarship. Law School George M. Keane. Dean Katharine Dexter McCormick Funcl. Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr. Hodes American Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association. Inquiries Office Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund Conference Dean. GRADUATE STUDY ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. English Experience · English English. School Application •Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accomodations University Chicago FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies. Applicants Ford Fellowships. Law School Dean Wigmore Law School Library. School International Law. School International Organizations International Business Transactions Comparative Law Admiralty Common Market. James Nelson Raymond Fellowship From Since General Electric Foundation More Program International Legal Studies CRIMINAL LAW FELLOWSHIPS Criminal Law Criminal Law Program GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Committee Graduate Studies Law School. John Ritchie THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Counsellor Chorus John Henryy Wigmore Dean Placement Service PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Lewis F. Treleaven. Placement Service Placement Service . Each Placement Service Law School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Not Furthering stron Working Others Law School United States Senators Iorthwestern Presidential Law School Northwestern Openings North United States Northwestern Alumni Law School An Law School Law School Attractive Law School. Alumni From Law School Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Law School Placement Service Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Law Alumni Fund American Bar Association Law Alumni Association OFFICERS OWEN RALL DANIEL WALKER GORDON WINKS HERBERT C. PAscHEN EUGENE KART MILTON L. FISHER WILLIAM M. BARVICK RICHARD J. FLYNN HARRY R. HORROW HELMER R. JOHNSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT NORMAN M. SEVIN PAUL ZIFFREN JOSEPH H. WRIGHT WILLIAM G. CAPLES DWIGHT P. GREEN JuLius J. HOFFMAN HENRY KENOE WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK J. DEAN VAIL LATHAM CASTLE JEROME L. ETTELSON CRANE C. HAUSER BARNET HODES SEYMOUR F. SIMoN PAUL GERDEN PAUL J. FURLONG DAVID M. GOODER ESTHER O. KEGAN ALBERT W. POTTS ELROY C. SANDQUIST HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JOHN CROWN ABRAHAM FISHMAN SIDNEY A. JONES HORACE W. JORDAN JAMES T. Otis RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF ISIDORE BROWN JAMES C. HARDMAN GEORGE KELM TIMOTHY C. KLENK MILTON A. KOLAR RUSSELL H. MATTHIAS INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Attendance Buildings Calendar Classes Classrooms Comse Course Courseload Courses Curriculum Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Fees Fellowships Criminal Law Program International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor Program Prosecution Defense Program Financial Assistance Grades Graduate Grants Health Honor Code Honors Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Library Library Loans Location Methods Moot Officers Order Coif Placement Pre Publications Journal Criminal Law Police Science Northwestern University Law Review Rebates Recreation Refunds Register Research Schedule Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Linthicum Foundation Program National Institute Education Law Poverty Philosophy Law Conferences Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Rosenthal Lectures Tuition Voluntary Withdrawal NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Residence Searle Building Thorne Hall Levy Hall Veterans Administration Law School PHILIPPIANS https://plrccollections.org/files/original/21f7687e117ef8e73c4923592c5a05cd.pdf 6eaf6a9a96a5bce4922e2f8c081809a5 PDF Text Text B~LLETIN. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �Vol. LXVI January 31, 1966 No. 9 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill. �BULLETI N OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1966-67 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ��CONTENTS Where to Write 4 Calendar .. . .. . . . 5 Officers and Faculty 6 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 T h e School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Life of the School . . . . ... .... ... ...... . ......... . .. . ., . . . . . . 59 Admission, T ui tion, Fees, and Financial Aid . ............ .. . .. . .. 68 T h e School and Its Alumni ...... ... .. ... .. .. .. . . ... . . ..... .. .. 85 Register of Colleges and Universities . . ... . ... . . ... . .. . . ... .. .... 90 University Officers .. . . .. .. . .. ............ . ....... . . ........ . .. . 92 Index .... ... .......... .. .. . ..... .. . .. ... . ....... . .. . ..... . . . . 94 Map ..... . . ...... .... . ............ .. ... ..... . . ... ....... ..... 96 3 �WHERE TO WRITE For expeditious handling, address mail to the Law School as follows: ADMISSION to the regular session for students seeking the J.D . degree -Applications, including applications to transfer -Request for forms or information -Supporting transcripts and recommendations FIN AN CIAL ASSISTANCE information arid forms for candidates for the J.D. degree Office of Admissions ADMISSION to Summer Session for those) already enrolled in a ·law school Registrar REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS cover-( ing work completed at the Law School J ADMISSION to Graduate Study for those) Committee on Graduate holding the J.D . degree or equivalent ( Admissions GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS J PLACEMENT of students and graduates Placement Service OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Law Alumni Association Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �CALENDAR FOR 1966-67 1966 SEPTEMBER 17 SEPTEMBER 19 NOVEMBER 24-26 DECEMBER 14-16 DECEMBER 22 1967 JAN UARY JANUARY JANUARY JANUARY JANUARY APRIL 3 13 16 25 30 5-7 APRIL APRIL MAY MAY JU NE JUNE 17 19 24 2 17 8 Saturday, 8:30 A .M . Monday Thursday-Saturday Wednesday-Friday Thursday Tu esday Friday Monday W edn esday Monday W ednesday-Frida·y Saturday Monda y Frida y Wednesday Friday Saturday 19 JUNE 20 JUNE 4 JULY AUGUST 11 AUGUST 14-17 SEPTEMBER 12 Monday Tuesda y Tuesday Friday Monday-Thursday Tu esday, 8:30 A.M. SEPTEMBER 14 NOVEMBER 23-25 DECEMBER 13-15 DECEMBER 20 Thursday Thursday-Saturday W ednesday-Frida )' Wedn esday Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thankskgiving recess Registration for spring semester Christmas recess beginsl Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes Second semester classes begin Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Spring recess begins Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT Registration for summer term Summer term classes begin Holiday Classes close Examination period Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thanksgiving recess Registration for spring semester Christmas recess begins 'Classes meeting on Tuesday, December 20, and Wednesday, December 21 , 1966, a re those which normally meet on Thursday and Friday. 5 �OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M . KREML, LL.B., Vice-President-Planning and Development WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M .D., PH.D., DR. HoN. CAus., Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Controller and Assistant Busin ess Manager FACULTY JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LL.B., J.S.D., Dean and Professor of Law JOHN H . BECKSTROM, B.A., J .D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M .A ., PH.D ., LL.B., Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Law JOHN E. CooNs, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D., Associate Professor of Law HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus JoHN P. HEINZ, A.B., LL.B ., Assistant Professor of Law FREDE. INBAU, B.S., LL.B ., LL.M., Professor of Law JAMES C. KIRBY, JR., B.A., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law VANCE N. KIRBY, A.B., LL.B ., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law WILLIAM M . McGOVERN, JR. , A.B., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law NATHANIEL L. NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J. D., Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law JOHN C. O'BYRNE, A.B., M .S., LL.B., Professor of Law JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J. D., Professor of Law and Director of R esearch HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emerit us VICTOR G . ROSENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D., Professor of Political Science and Law 1 DAVIDS. RUDER, B .A., LL.B ., Professor of Law HowARD R . SACKS, B .A. , LL.B., Professor of Law DANIEL M. SCHUYLER, B.A., J .D ., Professor of Law RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Socio logy and Law KURT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D. , Professor of Law and Librarian FRANCIS 0 . SPALDING, B.A. , J.D ., Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law JAMES R. THOMPSON, LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law JoN R . WALTZ, B .A., LL.B., Professor of Law ~ n lea ,·e o f absence, 1966-67 6 �FACULTY, SUMMER SESSION 1966 JAMES C. KIRBY , JR. , B.A., LLB., LLM. , Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR., A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law FRANCIS 0 . SPALDING, B.A., J.D ., Assistant Professor of Law ROBERT A. SPRECHER, B .S., J.D. , L ecturer on Office Practice JON R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law LECTURERS ZEA MORE A. ADER, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Accounting JOHN J. CROWN, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Introduction to Litigation KARL DE SCHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Law and the Industrial Society JoHN A. DIENNER, JR., B .S., LLB., M.P.L, Lecturer on Patent Law and Practice JEROME F. GOLDBERG, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry ARTH UR GOLDBLATT, A.A., B.S., B.S.L, J.D. , Lecturer on Illinois Law of Mar- riage and Divorce ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D., L ecturer on L egal Clinic NORMAN LEFSTEIN, LLB., LLM., Lecturer on Juvenile Courts and Delinquency BEVERLY W. PATTISHALL, B.S., LLB., Lecturer on Trademarks and Copyrights WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D. , LLD., L ecturer on Judicial Pro cess HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Corporations WILLIAM V. STAPLETON, B.A., M.A., Lecturer on Juvenile Courts and Delin- · quency JOHN M. TEEVAN, B.A., J.D ., Lecturer on Selected Legal Problems ERNEST S. WoLF, M.D., L ecturer on Lawyer-Client Relationships TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1966-67 ANDREW WALKER, B .A., (OxoN) N. A. R. WILSON , B.A., (OxoN) PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B .A., J.D. , Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science JAMES R. THOMPSON, LLB., Assistant Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crim- inology and Police Science MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D., Crim inology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crimino logy and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications 7 �ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IRENE S. BERNSTEIN, International Legal Studies Secretary DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant DORIS D. DODGE, Head Faculty Secretary MARYL. DONAHUE, Secretary to the Dean GAIL L. GARTNER, Faculty Secretary JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, C lerk-Typis t, Admissions CORDELIA A. LANTZ, Faculty Secretary MARY E . LOGAN, Registrar SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department LINDA L. McMILLAN, Secretary to Assistant Dean MILDRED F. MITCHELL, Secretary to Assistant Dean KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary JESSIE L. PAUKSTA, Faculty Typist ELIZABETH SELTZER, Faculty Typist ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary JoAN F. VOGT, Secretary of Admissions BARBARA E. WEAVER, B.M., Placement Secretary ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Receptionist and General Assistant LIBRARY STAFF KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D., Librarian ELAINE E . TEIGLER, B.S., M.A. , Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department ROMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR.lURIS., M.A. IN L.S., Head, C lassificatio n and Cataloging Department GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, LLB., Head, Book Selection DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian DAVID R. BRYANT, B.S., J.D., Ass istant in Reference and Foreign Law IDA M . OLSON, Secretary ETELKA VAJDA, B.A., M .A., M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR.lURIS, Junior Cataloger VANER A. AHOLA, Library Assistant JOHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in charge of Stacks MARIA C. CHASE, Reference Assistant in ch arge of Circulation SELMA KRAHN, Cataloging Assis tant JEROME MENEZES, B.A., Library Assistant EsTHER Y. QurROL, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant ELIAS VYTANOVYCH, PH.D., Ass istant Cataloger 8 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student and teacher. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant share of the resources of the School. Instruction is conducted by faculty members who devote their ·full ·energies to legal education. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought in its program of instruction to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educate lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. The most recent, and perhaps the most significant, reshaping of the School's curriculum was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1966 and is now being put into effect. 9 �" . . . these noble buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put- the teaching of Jaw." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, .June 16, 1927. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. IO �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting on the shores of Lake Michigan - yet scarcely more than a half mile from the Loop . The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the eighteen-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, twelve miles north in suburban Evanston, where the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,900 graduate students are enrolled, remains readily accessible to Law School students for cultural and athletic events and for seminars and inform al contacts with those working in other academic disciplines related to the concerns of the lawyer and legal scholar. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and 11 �Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H . Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a quiet garden. In interior design and ornament the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. Both libraries and Robert R. McCormick Hall are airconditioned. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of students in each class meeting. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. The entire School, student body, and faculty, can be accommodated in it with room to spare for guests. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. Here meet the seminars of the · second and third years, numbering typically from ten to twenty, seated 12 �Seminars meet in rooms well suited to round-table discussion by groups of ten to twenty . informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates not only mock appeals but full-scale practice trials. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a 13 �full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection of about 240,000 volumes is among the largest law school libraries in the Western vVorld. More important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repea ted on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual sound-proof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate vvorking collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. Open stacks and amp le work ing s pace make th e librar y a comfortable and convenient place in w hich to study. �The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large re~ources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at Deering Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable is the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments elating from A.D. 1300 to 1700 which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized 15 �areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future . A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for the use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression-and for moments of relaxation, however brief. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the study area provided on the fourth floor of Levy Mayer Hall. Here are eight rooms accommodating four to ten each, ideally suited to individual study or informal discussion and review sessions. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities 16 �Lowden Hall , the School lounge, is a comfortab le place to relax and talk or study . conducted under student auspices and control, including the officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law Review, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the Student Book Exchange. Candidates for the S.J.D. degree are also eligible for private offices. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meeting between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School be17 �comes the center of everyday li[e. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper ~ixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling, squash, and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and five and one-half day maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott Hall is shown below. 18 �The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals a day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. The average room rate for the academic year is $365 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments View from garden of portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960, which comp lete Law School Quadrangle. Abbott Hall , stud ent residence, is shown in left background. 19 �on October 1, January 1, and April 1 during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applica tions, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of completely furnished apartments for married students. Apartment rentals average $130 a month, including utilities. There is a variety of other apartments m the vicinity of the Law School within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student Health Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the University and situ ated on the ca mpus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School. Students are enrolled with the Service at the time of registration, and at that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detailed information about the plan. For a more complete description, the Studen t H ealth Service Information Bulletin is available upon request. 20 �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." - justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region . Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning 21 �beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new ~ituations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is ~purred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. The course of study embodied in the new curricular plan approved b y the Faculty in the spring of 1966 affords significant new opportunities for developing and testing the capacities of the individual student. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that cla y is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the clays of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in conten t. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an en ergized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with a nd adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing ch a racter of law is reflected in the content of traditional co urses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in th e newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to d eal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the' limits of the possible, he must be educated in tha t brief span for the re22 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School Faculty constitute basic materials of instruction . sponsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. 23 �A student makes a point in the Socratic dialogue which characterizes classroom work. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relative! y small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 17 5 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual de24 �c1s10ns of courts, embodied in written opm10ns rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional life-think, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. ·w ith the interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are 25 �seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. Most college students, accustomed to student-teacher dialogue only in quite small groups, find it difficult to imagine vigorous discussion in a class of eighty or ninety students. Although they may not fully understand why such discussion is possible until they themselves become regular participants in the process, they are welcomed and encouraged to arrange with the Admissions Office to visit one or two classes at the Law School to see the process in action. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed b e no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, a nd in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. PRACTICE COURSES Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier clay when there were no 26 �law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In the practice courses, the student actually tries the skills of the practitioner. Prominent among these is the course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program law students during the last half of their training serve in the clinic under the supervision of a faculty member. The clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare pleadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fills a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. A voluntary program, instituted in cooperation with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, affords an opportunity for interested students to assist assigned practitioners in representing indigent defendants in criminal cases before the federal courts. During his first year the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student under courtroom conditions before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the .Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to encl. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. SEMINARS Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, 27 �the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the nation's highest courts. SENJOR RESEARCH PROGRAM The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced for the first time in 1966-67. Under this Program a student with faculty approval may elect to devote a significant proportion of his third year (from 4 to 8 credit hours) to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. A student interested in this Program may propose during his second year a project for faculty approval and arrange his schedule to include the Law School courses and seminars which provide the necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford him the intellectual experience of plumbing a subject to its depths; of sharpening his power of analysis, observation and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources: other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The Program is flexible enough to permit, with careful advanced planning and approval, even work in other parts of the nation or the world. The faculty participants in the Program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal in order that they may devote more time to parallel research and to the joint discussion and critique necessary to take the inquiry beyond the bounds of traditional seminar work or individual study projects. Indeed in many cases, work in the Program is expected to grow into a joint, cooperative student-teacher research under28 �taking, more significant not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to the longer established group learning techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the Program promise significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The Program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making regular contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common encl of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. By attending optional summer sessions, however, students may earn their degrees in twenty-eight months. The most recent revision of the School's curriculum, comprising the elective second year and the Senior Research Program, was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1966, to become effective in 1966-67. During his first year of law study the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract- as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and Research and the Laboratory Seminar in Procedure meet typically in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in dealing with them are brought under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a modest degree of concentration but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. 29 �REQUIRED COURSES In order to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete successfully 90 semester-hours of work including the following: All courses in the first year curriculum Two hours of seminar work requiring substantial individual research and writing (4 hours for classes graduating in 1968 a nd thereafter) or participation in the Senior Research Program. The courses in Legal Profession Legal Clinic (not required of members of the Law R eview) International Law Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation at a ny time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student ca n do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses 111 Trial Technique, Trial Practice, and Introduction to Litiga tion are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Technique, Trial Practice, or Introduction to Litigation can be accommodated. 30 �CURRICULUM Course offerings are summarized here by semester. A more deta iled description of each course and semin ar follows. Cou rses offered in both semesters are fully described in the first semester en try. COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR ST UDEN T S Credit Hours First Sem ester Con tracts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 L aboratory Seminar in Procedure Legal Writing and R esearch . . . I Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Credi t Second Sem ester Hours Constitu tional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Con tracts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Moot Cour t I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I R eal Esta te Transactions . . . . . . 4 Tor ts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 COUR SES OFFERED TO SECON D AND T H IRD YEAR ST UDEN T S Credit Hours First Semester Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust L aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Commerci al Law I . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Corpora tions I .... . . . ... . .. . . 4 Debtor-Cred itor R elations .... . 3 D eced ents' Esta tes and T rusts . . 4 Fed eral Estate a nd Gift Taxation 2 Feder al Income Taxa tion .... . . 3 International L aw 2 Introduction to Litiga tion .. .. . Labor Law .... .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . 4 Legal Clinic ... ... .. . . . .. . .. . L egal Profession .. .. . . . . .. . . . . I Trademarks and Copyrights ... . 2 Trial Practice .... . . . . ... . ... . Credit Hours Second Sem ester Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law II . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Confl ict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Corporations II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Evid ence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family L aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Esta te and Gift T axation 2 Fed eral Income T axation . . . . . . 3 Fed eral Jurisdi ction . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal T ax Policy . . . . . . . . . . . Insu rance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction to L itigation .... . L egal Cli nic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Legal Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 L egal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pa te n t Law and Practice . . . . . . 2 R esti tution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Scien tific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . l Securities Regulation . . . . . . . . . 2 Trial Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Min er Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 31 �SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All semin ars carry 2 credi t hours. First Semester C ivil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies Comparative Law Crimi nal Law Development of Legal Institutio ns Estate Planning Fid u ciary Adminis tra tion Governme nt and Land Juve nil e Courts a nd D elinqu ency Law a nd Society State a nd Local Government State and Local Taxatio n Second Semester African Law Analysis a nd Solu tion oE Selected L egal Problems Antitrust Law and Policy Constitutional and Adm inistrative Law of Intern a tion al Organizations Corporation Finan ce Crimin al Evidence Sem in a r E nglish L egal History Estate Planning International Busin ess Transactio ns In ternational Law a nd R egio nal Organizatio ns Labor Law Law and the Industrial Society Law and Psychia try Law R eview Seminar Problems in Taxatio n of Busin ess Income Regul a ted Industries SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Senior Research Program projects can be schedu led for either semester. Interested students should consu lt the rules and regulations governing the Program, available in the General Office of the School. 32 �FIRST SEMESTER: FIRST YEAR COURSES COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST SEMESTER FIRST YEAR COURSES 1 CONTRACTS I (3) MESSRS. COONS, BECKSTROM The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling; contractual aspects of the law of Agency. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law of Contracts (2d ed.) with mimeographed supplement (Mr. Coons) ; Fuller and Braucher, Basic Contract Law (Mr. Beckstrom) . Continued in second semester; 6 hours cred it for the year. CRIMINAL LAW (3) MESSRS. INBAU, HEINZ Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures and fair trial rights of the accused and the state. Inbau and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice (2d eel.). LABORATORY SEMINAR IN PROCEDURE MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, HEINZ, INBAU, McGovERN; MRS. NETSCH; MESSRS. RAHL, RUDER, SACKS, SPALDING, THOMPSON Introduction to litigation procedure through analysis, in small groups, of records of selected civil and criminal trials. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH (l ) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, WALKER, WILSON Writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Except for a few lectures of general interest for the full class, course meetings in groups of ten to fifteen students for intensive criticism and discussion of each student's written work. Strunk and White, Th e Elem ents of Style. 1 The figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 33 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES PROPER TY (4) MESSRS. SCHUYLER, GORDON Introduction to the law of r eal and p ersonal property. Historical background a nd bas ic property concepts; perso nal property including bailments; the cr ea tio n of p ossessory inter ests in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal in cidents of each ; cr ea ti on and in cidents of futur e inter ests at common law; r ul e in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable inter es ts and the foun da ti o n o f mod ern prop erty law. Fraser , Cases an d R eadings on Pro perty (3d eel.). T ORT S I (3) MESSRS. RAHL, SACKS Pro tection of p erson ality, prop erty, and r elati o nal interests aga inst physical, appropriatio nal, and defamatory h arms; doctrin es of tres pass, nuisa nce, neglige nce, r esp ondea t sup eri or , conversio n, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, sedu ction, ali enation of affec tions, malicious p rosecutio n, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition ; liability of physicians, h ospitals, la ndown ers, public service compani es, builders, contractors, governm ental bodies, ma nufacturers, dealers, priva te and common carri ers; operation of the judicial process as it is r evealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green , Malone, P edrick, and R ahl, Cases on T orts (Mr. R ahl) ; Gregory a nd Kalve n, Cases and Materials on Torts (Mr. Sacks) . Continued in th e seco nd semester; 6 h ours credit for the year. SECON D AND T HIRD YEAR CO UR SES MR. ACCOUN TING (1) Pr inciples of accountin g and the r elation ship of law and accounting. requisite for Corpora tions I, except for those studen ts who have r eceived credit for 3 semester -hours of accounting. Amory and H ardee, Materia ls cou n ting (3d ed .); Faris, Accounting f or Lawyers. BRADY A precollege on Ac- AD MI NI STR ATIVE LAW (3) MR. NATHANSON A gen eral introducti on to the legal pro blems of the administrati ve p rocess in bo th federal and state governments, including the constitu tio nal fra mework within which the administra tive age ncies op era te; the role o f administrative discreti on in th e developmen t of public p olicy; the administra tive interpreta tion of sta tutes; the r equirements of fa ir h earin g as appli ed to ad ministra tive procedure ; and the methods a nd scop e of judicial r eview of ad m inistrat ive d ecisions. J affe a nd Natha nso n, Admin istra tive Law; Cases an d M.aterials. MR. R AHL, MRS. NETSC H ANTITRUST LAW (4) Federal, state, a nd fo r eign comparative law and poli cy o n com petiti on and monop oly; a ntitrust law concernin g pro ble ms o f co nsp irac ies in restra int of trade, m ergers, abuse of eco nom ic power, p ate nts, boyco tts, exclusive arrangements, pri ce discrim ina ti on, resale price ma in te nance, un fa ir met hods o f competitio n, fo reign commerce. Pre requi sites : Administra ti ve Law a nd C ivil Procedure I (may be taken concurre n tly) . Bowie, R ostow and Bork, Cases on Governmen t R egulation of B usiness; R ahl, Cases and Ma teria ls on Ant.'trust L aw. 34 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ CIVIL PROCEDURE I (4) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person an d subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joincler of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcemen t; res juclicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Field and Kaplan , Materials on Civil Procedure (Mr. Waltz). COMMERCIAL LAW I (2) MR. GORDON Commercial paper: the concept of n egotiability and the uses and effects of notes, bills of exchange and checks; the use of documents to represent goods in sales and credit transactions; sureties generally and as parties to n egotiable instruments. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercia l Law, Cases and Jvfaterials; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition. CORPORATIONS I (4) MESSRS. RUDER, BECKSTROM Relations of owners an d managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits, and control ; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Prer equisite : course in acco untin g, except for students who h ave received college credit for 3 semester-hours of accounting (may be taken concurrently) . Baker and Cary, Cases ancl Materials on Corporations. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudul ent conveyances; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular atte ntion to the provisions covering liquidation; a comparison of the r elative availability and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Materials to be announced. MESSRS. RITCHIE, McGOVERN DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS (4) Intestate succession; substitutes for wills ; substantive aspects of wills and trusts; introduction to fiduciary administration. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases ancl Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (2d eel.). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) MR. V. KIRBY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life a nd at d eath ; the fun ctions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. P edrick and Kirby, 35 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). MR. O'BYRNE FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) The federal income tax aspec ts of various phases of business activity; the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements; the role of administrative and judicial processes in rnsolving income tax controversies; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed) ; Surrey and Warren , Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Material; Student Tax Service. MR. MAcCHESNEY INTERNATIONAL LAW (2) An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Required of all students. Bishop, Cases and Materials on Int ernational Law (2d ed.). MR. CROWN INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (1) Both direct and cross examination of witnesses, including the qualification of experts. Primarily problems of laying the foundation for the introduction of various kinds of evidence such as physical evidence, photographs, and documents. Letwin, Assignments in Trial Practice. LABOR LAW (4) MR. J. KIRBY The law governing the rights of employers and employees in the establishment and maintenance of collective bargaining; the roles of the NLRB, state and Federal courts and arbitration in the enforcement of such rights; the rights of employees to organize; legal limitations on strikes, picketing and boycotts; administration of the collective agreement; regulations of internal union affairs. Cox and Bok, Cases on Labor Law (6th ed.). MESSRS. SACKS, KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) Training in client counseling, with approximately 8 hours of classroom work and 20 hours of clinical work at the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities of Chicago (123 West Madison Street). Legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. Clinical element of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid Bureau clients. Guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Freeman, Legal Int erviewing and Counseling, and mimeographed materials. MR. SACKS LEGAL PROFESSION (1) An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term 36 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS "practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client) ; rules against solicitation and advertising; restrictions on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take, (conflict-of-interest situations; the "guilty client"; the "unjust cause") ; restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees; investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY AND COPYRIGHTS (2) MR. PATIISHALL The principles of the common law and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. The principles of copyright protection, the statute, and its interpretation by the courts. Materials to be announced. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a circuit court judge in lieu of a final examination. MR. WALTZ TRIAL PRACTICE (1) Selected problems in litigation, both civil and criminal. Special attention on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and crossexamination and impeachment of witnesses, opening· statements, and closing arguments. Kaplan and Waltz, The Trial of Jack Ruby. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference to comparable problems in other democratic societies. Comparative Law MR. NEKAM An analysis of some proposed uses of the comparative method in law, with special emphasis upon the usefulness of such method from the point of view of better understanding one's own legal system. 37 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS Criminal Law MESSRS. lNBAU, THOMPSON A co nsideration of current problems in criminal law administration. Develoj1ment of Legal Institutions MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, a nd economic id eas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil and common law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Estate Planning MR. V. KIRBY A co nsideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates a nd trusts, co~pora tions, future interes ts, insurance, real es tate transac tions, and income, es tate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in es tate planning provide exercises in drafting a nd the basic material for group discussion. Fiduciary Administration MR. V. KIRBY An advan ced study of the administration of decede nts' estates and trusts. Prereq uisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts. Government and Land MR. R EESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public co ntrol, the nuisa nce doctrine, eminent doma in, zoning, sub-division control, buildin g codes, city pla nning; state and federal programs of public housing; th e role of governm e nt in th e r eal es tate marke t, FHA, regulation of priva te credit in stitutions. Ju venile Courts and Delinquency MESSRS. LEFSTEIN , STAPLETON A study of juve ni le court theory with emphasis on legal and constitutional iss ues a nd the proper role for a ttorn ey representa tion. Attention to a sociologica l a nalys is in which there is consideration of the juvenile court's functions and dysfun ctions in the co ntro l of devi a nce. An examin a tion of the uses and misuses of social science knowledge b y the court. Law and Society MESSRS . SCHWARTZ, COONS An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social scien ce theory and research. Mimeographed ma terials. )\/fas. NETSCH State ancl Local Government Selected topics from the fie ld of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues a nd on problems of metropolita n are·as a nd with frequent inquiry into the appropriate rol e of the judiciary in solving intergovernm ental conflicts. Materials to b e announced. State and Local Taxation MR. O ' BYRNE Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state a nd local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes and 38 �SECOND SEMESTER: FIRST YEAR COURSES death taxes. Prior courses desirable in constitutional law, federal taxation, and local government. Hellerstein, Stat e and Local Tax ation. SECOND SEMESTER FIRST YEAR COURSES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MESSRS. NATHANSON, J. KIRBY The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation ; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social, and property rights. Barrett, Bruton, and Honnold, Constitutional Law-Cases and Materials (2d eel.) (Mr. Nathanson) ; Dowling and Gunther, Constitutional Law-Cases and Mat erials (7th eel.) (Mr. Kirby) . MESSRS. COONS, BECKSTROM CONTRACTS II (3) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MESSRS. SCHUYLER, SPALDING; MRS. NETSCH Transfer of interests in land by deed; the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; right in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage. Also open to second year students in l 966-67. Materials to be announced. REAL EST ATE TRANSACTIONS (4) TOR TS II (3) MESSRS. SACKS, WALTZ Course description rn the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Injuries to R elations (Mr. Waltz). MOOT COURT I (1) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, WALKER The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES MR. MACCHESNEY ADMIRAL TY (3) General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty. 39 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES ANTITRUST LAW (4) MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Co urse description in the list of courses for the first semester. CIVIL PROCEDURE II (2) MR. REESE Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. ]\fa. GORDON COMMERCIAL LAW 11 (3) Sales and credit transactions in personal property: the title concept, allocation oE risk, remedies of buyers and sellers; traditional and modern devices for creating security interests in personal property with particular attention to Article 9 and other app licable provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment ed. CONFLICT OF LAWS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey oE the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdicition of courts. R ecommended for third year students. Materials to be announced. MR. SHAPIRO CORPORA TIO NS II (2) Advanced study of corporate financial matters, including corporate reorganization and dividend law. Consideration of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation, operation and dissolution of partnerships. Prerequisite: Corporations I. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations and mimeographed materials. MESSRS. WALTZ, HEINZ EVIDENCE (3) The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence ; writings; presumptions and privileges. Kaplan, Louisell and Waltz, The Law of Evidence (mimeographed) (Mr. Waltz); Maguire, Weinstein, Chadbourn and Mansfield, Cases and Materials on Evidence (5th ed.) (Mr. Heinz) . FAMILY LAW (3) MR. CHAMBERLIN The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. J acobs and Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domestic Relations (3d ed.) . FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. 40 MR. O'BYRNE �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) Course d escription in th e list of courses for the first sem es ter. MR. V. KIRBY FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure a nd business of the federa l courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship ; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdicition ; venue; law ap pli ca bl e in federal courts; jurisdiction to en join proceedings in state courts; jurisd iction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civi l Procedure I a nd II. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System; The judicial Code and Rules of Pro cedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY (1) MR. V. KIRBY An elective course with res tricted enrollment design ed as a companion course for Federal Income Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the federa l tax structure. A critical exam in ation and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, esta te and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon th eir growth and development, their administration and resu lting effects upon the eco nom y, their need for reform and the possibl e future legisl at ive revision. INSURANCE LAW (2) MR. BECKSTROM Formation and construction of contracts for life, cas ualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insura nce companies under th e laws of the several states; appli cat ion of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates; reinsurance; r ehabikation a nd liquidation of compani es. Materials to be announced. INTRODUCTIO TO LITIGATION (1) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. CROWN MESSRS. SACKS, KE, OE LEGAL CLINIC (I) Course description in th e li st of courses for the first semester. {R. SACKS LEGAL PROCESS (2) A study of law as a process, with p art icular reference to, and comparison of, the various institutions, both official and private, through which th is process is carri ed on, including courts, legislatures, admin istrative agencies, ar bitration tribun als, a nd "private ordering,' i.e. legal arra ngements made by private persons and groups, often with the aid of lawyers. More inte nsive analysis than is possible in other courses of such pervasive problems as th e role of precede nt, custom, and policy in th e development of judge-made law; retroa ctivity ; the choice among sanctions used in enforcing law ; codification v. case-by-case development of law; the interpreta tion of statutes. Hart and Sacks, Th e Legal Process: Basic Problems in th e Making and Application of Law. 41 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES LEGAL PROFESSION (1) Course description in the list of courses for th e first semester. MR. SACKS PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE (2) MR. DIENNER Historical development of protection for ideas, inventions, and discoveries; patentability; securing the patent; amendme n t and correction of patents; infringement remedies, defenses, and procedures; assignments and licenses. Smith, Patent Law Cases, Comments and Materials. MR. McGovERN RESTITUTION (3) A study of the alternative remedies available at law and in equity for torts and breaches of contract by which the defendant has been enriched. Consideration of other cases of unjust enrichment, for example, benefits conferred under contracts unenforceable because of the plaintiff's default, the statute of fr auds, infancy, etc. Dawson , Cases on Restitution. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE (1) MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and crimina l cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. SECURITIES REGULATION (2) MR. RUDER Intensive examination of the securities law fie ld, including state and federal regulation of securities distribution a nd securities regulation. Examination of implied remedies arising from violation of federa l securities laws. This course is a prerequisite to the seminar in Corporation Finance. J en nings and Marsh , Securities Regulation. Knauss, Securities R egulation Sourcebook. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. HANLEY THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT GOUR T COMPETITION The Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition is a voluntary program conducted by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and supervised by Mr. Waltz. The program is d esigned to aid second-year students in improving the ir skills in brief writing and oral argument. It does not carry course credit. After receiving instruction in brief writing and oral argument in the early part of the semester, the student teams prepare briefs and participate in oral arguments before panels composed of judges, practicing attorneys, faculty members, and students. An endowment memorial izing Judge Julius H . Miner provides funds for meetings of a Moot Court Society and for prizes and expenses of admin istration of the competition. The winners of the competition become members of the team wh ich represents the School in the r egional rounds of the National Moot Court Competition, which is held in the fall of the following school year, when the members of the National Moot Court are third-year students. The winners of the regional rounds compete in the final rounds of the national competition in New York City. �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRO YEAR SEMINARS SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS African Law MR. NEKAM An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state a nd the interest this offers to the western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary Jaw and its administration, questions of constitutional law and the law of conflicts, the impact of foreign concepts and values. Analysis and Solution of Selected Lega l Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis on the written solutions of contemporary problems taken mainly from Illinois law. Antitrust Law and Policy MR. RAHL Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; antitrust problems of price discrimination, mergers, patents, and regulated industries; emphasis upon problems of counseling and of national and international legal-economic policy. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law course. Constitutional and Administrative Law of International Organiza tions MR . NATHANSON A seminar concentrating on the constitutional and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies constituting the United Nations family. Attention to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic d evelopment on a world-wide scale. Sohn , Law of th e United Nations, and mimeographed materials. Corporation Finance MR. RuoER Advanced problems in corporation finance, with emphasis upon income tax, securities, and general bus in ess aspects of financing the corporation. Examination of related problems peculiar to the financing problems of small business. Stress on planning and drafting. Prerequisites: Corporations I , Federal Income Taxation, and Securities Regulation (may be taken concurrently). Herwitz, Cases and Materials on Business Planning. Criminal Evidence MESSRS. l NBAU , THOMPSON The briefing and arguing of selected problems regarding the admissibility of evidence and constitutional controls in criminal cases. English Legal History MR. McGovERN A study of the growth of the royal courts administering common law at the expense of feudal and communal jurisdiction, with particular reference to the forms of action used to r ecover land. The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, extension, and transformation of trial by jury. Mimeographed materials. Estate Planning MR. Description of seminar in th e list of seminars for the first semester. O'BYRNE MR. O 'BYRNE International Business Transactions The international business contract; the law applicable; the documents used; letters of credit; marine insurance; arbitration; exclus ive jurisdiction a nd forum non coveniens; monetary problems. Ebb, International Business. 43 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS International Law and Regional Organiza tions MR. MAcCHES EY A stud y of the law a nd in stitutions of the Atlanti c Commun ity with particula r refere n ce to the Coal and Steel Comm unity and the Co mmon Market. Term paper r equired. Prerequisite : Intern a tional Law course. Val u able b ackground for th e semin ar: Antitrust Law. Stein a nd Ha y, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of th e A tlant fr Area. Labor Law MR. J. KIRBY Legal and practi cal problems in coll ective ba rga ining and th e enforcement and adm inistratio n of coll ec tiv e agree me nts. Prer equi site: Labor Law course. Ma teri als to be a nnoun ced. Law and the I ndustrial Societ')' MESSRS. R UDER, DE ScHWEINITZ A n exploration of problems of public policy common to the fi elds of corporations, labor law, and trad e regula tions. Intensive preliminary instruction in basic eco nomics fo llowed by a n an alysis of th e poli cy considerations a nd econom ic framework underl ying the legal rul es in th e three fi elds. Prerequisites: Corpora tio ns I a nd eith er A ntitrust Law or Labor Law course. Sam uelso n, Economics, a nd ass ign ed r eadings. Law and Psychiatry MR. COONS A n exa min a tion of the assumpti o n s a nd purposes of the lega l and psychia tric d iscip lin es as they con verge upo n probl ems of m ental illn ess in the civil and criminal law. For m ed ical and law stud ent participa tion, hopefull y in equal numb ers. Goldstein, Ka tz a nd D ershowitz, Law and Psychiatry, a nd mim eograp hed materi a ls. Law R eview Seminar MR. J. KIRB Y C urrent problems in la bor law and industri al rela tion s with emphasis upon un settl ed areas of li t igation. Prer equisite: the Labor Law co urs e. Open to law review co mp etitors a nd edito rs. Problems in Ta xation of Business Income MR. V. KIRBY An adva n ced stud y of the federa l in co me tax on busin ess organ izatio ns, corporatio ns, a nd partn erships. An exploration at both the corpora te a nd shareho lder levels of th e tax treatment of corporate r eorga ni za ti o n, distributions, liquidat io n, a nd m ergers. T h e tax a tion of other forms o f doin g busin ess co n tras ted th erewith. Prer equisite : Fed eral In co m e Taxa ti o n. R egulated Industries MR. HEINZ T h e substa ntiv e law rela tin g to the regula ti o n of several industries (whi ch may include, so far as tim e permits, ra il and air transportation, broadcas ting, teleco mmunications, n a tu ra l gas, o il, a nd agriculture), a co nsideration of the eco nomi c, political , a nd socia l factors w hi ch affect th ese laws a nd a re affected by them , a nd a n examination of possible ca uses of the curren t "crisis in the ad min istrat ive age nci es" or "failure of regul at ion." H �ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Since the Trial Practice and Introduction to Litigation courses are substantially similar, no student may take more than one such offering. Regular a ttendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions in the discretion of the instru ctor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. A lthough examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the encl of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that elate is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is in eligible for a degree. 45 �Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars m which no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (pass) or F (failure). HONORS AND PRIZES In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence thus begun in the School is reflected today in the long list of awards and prizes given in recognition of superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, t~1e award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has clone most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law R eview, and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund established in 1962 by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921 , is used annually to 46 �provide a prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key for the student preparing the best paper dealing with some aspect of the law of local government. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H . Minor Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. The Lawyers Title LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. ·17 �AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subj ec t as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the mem her of each class at the School who has made the most sigriificant contribution toward over-all scholarship. WEST PUBLISHJNG COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the I nsurance Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the stude nt receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the Universi ty upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (.J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on page 30. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cwn laude, or sumrna cum laude. 48 �Public officials participate with business leaders in co-curricular programs relating formal instruction to current public questions . Seen speaking here is Newton N. Minow '50, form e r Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. Degrees conferred upon students who h ave alread y obtained their first degrees in law are described in the informa tion concerning Graduate Study on pages 55-57. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educatio nal program of the Law School, the fo rmal course work within th e curriculum is su p p lem ented by a vari ety of additio nal offerin gs. Lectures by distin guished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the U nited Sta tes a nd a broad ser ve as cultu ra l adjuncts to the regular courses and emphas ize the broad er p u bli c obliga tio ns of the profession. In recognitio n of the Law School's role in the li fe of the p rofessio n, the community, and th e n ation, con fe rences are h eld which bring together leaders of th ought and actio n fo r discussion of subj ects o f major public im porta nce. T h ro ugh parti cipati on in these programs, the stude nt broa dens his vision and develops the se nse o f public respo nsibility which charac terizes the highest traditions of the bar . Ma ny o f th ese curricular supplements are presen ted by th e L aw School as an integra l part of th e ge neral edu cati onal p rogram upon a n occas iona l bas is and without sp ecial sp onsorship. Others are offered as pa rt of esta blish ed and continuing programs w ithin th e Schoo l. T he most nota ble o f these continuing programs are describ ed below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES T he Julius R osen thal Foun dation , ad minister ed by th e Law Sch ool, was es tablished in 1919 in memory of th e emin ent and b eloved member of th e Chicago Bar. T he fu nds are d evoted to th e support of th e R osen th al Lecture Series, which has ass umed a positio n in th e fore fron t among p rograms of d is49 �tinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some L essons from Our Legal History by Macmillan. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of H avana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other :/f,~says ]uri{i,ica l and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T . Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title Th e Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and ,philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and. given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson '26, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N . Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown & Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown & Co. 50 �In 1951 , Abraham H . Feller, General Counsel , United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on " The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H . Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Shaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56 lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims; Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a m ember of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. 51 �In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by Doubleday & Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen of Law delivered a series of lectures on in a Changing World: Law, Politics under that title by the Northwestern the University of Melbourne School of "The British Commonwealth of Nations and Prospects," published as a volume University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Euge ne V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established m 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, an alumnus of the class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funcls for meritorious books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and Europea n authors. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of significant conferences. In 1948, a round table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R . Johnston, of the Chicago Bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. McConnell and Leo F. Tierney of the Chicago Bar; James A. Rahl '42, of the faculty, and students from the class in Trade Relations. In 1949 a round table was held on the subject " 'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago Bar; W. Willard Wirtz, the present Secretary of Labor and formerly of the faculty; and students from the class in Labor Relations. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of an Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," 52 �this being the sixth of a series of conferences h eld by the University in celebration of its centennial. In 1951 a conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." In I 952 a forum was held on the subject "Countervailing Power in the Economy: T he Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University, and formerly United States Ambassador to India. In I 954 a conference was held on "Chicago's Fight against Slums." In I 955 a conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report." In 1955 a conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." In 1956-57 the Law School was a joint sponsor of conferences on "The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" and "Chicago's Housing Code." In 1957 a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959 the Foundation was co-sponsor of a conference on "Freedom in the Modern American Economy," presented as a part of the Law School's centennial observance. The speakers included Arthur J. Goldberg '30, presently Un ited States Ambassador to the United Nations. J n I 960 as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a conference was held on the subject "Individual Freedom and Public Debate." Among the speakers was Adlai E. Stevenson '26. In 1961 a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N. Minow '50, formerly Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, and Roscoe E. Barrow '38, formerly Dean of the University of Cincinnati College of Law. In 196 l a conference was h eld on "Th e Illinois Professional Association Law." Among the participants was Crane C. Hauser, a member of the Chicago Bar and an alumnus of the School who formerly served as Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service of the U nited States Treasury. In 1962 a conference was held on "The Un iform Commercial Code 11linois." 111 In 1962 a lecture on Common Market Anti trust Law was given by Arved Deringer of Bonn, Germany, a member of the European Parliament. In I 963 a conference was held on "The Law of Space and of Satellite Communications." In 1963 a lecture on the Europea n Court of Justice was given by Albert van Routte, Registrar of the Court. In 1964 a conference was held on "Town and Country Planning: Apartments in Suburbia." Tn I 964 a series of lectures on the European Common Market was given by Dennis Thompson, a barrister-at-law of London, England. In 1965 a conferen ce was held on "Town and Country Planning: Planned Development Zoning." 53 �CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE The Law School cooperated in 1962 with several bar associations in inaugurating an annual Corporate Counsel Institute to be held at Northwestern for the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corporate counsel, considering topics of current importance in the corporate field, and providing an opportunity for discussion of problems among corporate counsel. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM Each summer the Law School offers a five-day Short Course for Prosecuting Attorneys and a five-day Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. Also, at various times throughout the year the School conducts conferences or seminars for criminal law practitioners, police legal advisers, and other groups with a special interest in criminal law administration. The Police Legal Advisor Graduate Student project described elsewhere in this bulletin under Graduate Fellowships is an integral part of the general criminal law program. In 1966 a conference on "The Supreme Court and the Police" was held at the School under the auspices of the Ford Foundation. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation awarded $200,000 to the Law School for the expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The School's early interest in the field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library collections in foreign and international law and by its long-standing requirement that each student pursue some international studies. In furtherance of its program the School has offered seminars in International Business Transactions, International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis and a course in Fam ily Law with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for additional facu lty and for visiting foreign professors, and they support graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-seminars and conferences in the field of international law. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES In 1963 the Russell Sage Foundation awarded approximately $2 10,000 to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University for a three-year program of interdisciplinary study and research in law and the social sciences. One purpose of the grant is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behaviorial sciences to the understanding and improvement of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplines. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School 54 �of Law (see page 76) . The Sage Scholars in the Law School ordinarily are expected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research activity. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES _,, In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Mr. Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, a series of conferences under the general title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September 1963. The objective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purposes of attempting to distill from the d iscipline of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man's understanding of himself and his society. In accordance with this general objective the particular subject of the first conference was "Compromise and Decision-Making in the Resolution of Controversies." The second conference in the series was held in September 1965 on the subject "Equal Justice in an Unequal World." GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D .). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than IO semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first 55 �degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law are required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may in its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law R eview or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college h aving equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. Informa l coffee hou rs offer students opportunit ies for social visits wi t h members of the Faculty and prominent guests . .56 �The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, irt the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for botb,,~library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the faculty. 57 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln_ -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vi tality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely-knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 475 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among studen ts. The beginner himself is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. 59 �The library, where student meets lawbook and the training of a lawyer begins. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. Approximately 125 colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see pp. 90-91). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. It is a happy tradition of the School that a healthy spirit of competition, so helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. 60 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although written, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique among the professions. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, students of highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Review. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are sought and preferred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fact that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Although Law R eview students work hard, they take one day off each spring to play a softball game with the faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the foibles of their professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Pol£ce Science. This Journal with a world-wide circulation is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous pub61 �Public figures, including a I um n i, are frequent visitors to the School and participants in its programs. Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court ponders a hard question in the final round arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Mr. Mr. Justice Tom C. Clark of the United States Supreme Court confers with Judge Latham Castle '24 and Chief Judge John S. Hastings of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals and student participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Governor Otto Kerner '35 speaks to an alumni meeting . Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the faculty until his appointment by President Kennedy to the Labor Department addresses a Law School gathering . �Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur J . Goldberg '30 crosses the Law School garden with Dean John Ritchie. Mr . Justice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court prepares for an appearance at the Law School. Under Secretary of State George W. Ball '33 takes part in a Law School program. �lication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its editor-in-chief and managing director. The assistant editor is James R. Thompson, Assistant Director of the Law School's Criminal Law Program. They are assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of some of the country's outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. The student board of the Journal, like the editorial board of the Law R eview, is chosen from among the highest ranking students at the end of the first year of Law School work and bears responsibility for preparing and editing the case abstracts, notes, and comments appearing in the student section of the Journal. Although several law schools have so-called "intramural" law reviews in addition to regular published journals to broaden opportunities for student participation in work of this kind, the availability of a second published periodical for student work is rare, if not unique, especially in a moderate-size school. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the prnparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include Associate Justices Arthur .J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School), Byron R. White, Torn C. Clark, and Potter Stewart of the Supreme Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise 64 �and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the honor code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The honor code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers and the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal receptions are held frequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social 65 �contact and casual conversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student leadership through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association takes a leading role in planning and conducting the annual orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbot Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities- Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Delta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi -have been established at the Law School. Members do not live or eat together, and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. They hold luncheons during the course of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they sponsor dances and informal parties. None of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics involving the legal fraternities and other groups on the campus offers participation in organized sports, and 66 �nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the University's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial number of the student body are married. At the social gatherings of the Law Wives, the student's wife can visit with faculty wives, discuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and attention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 67 �"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. ADMISSION, TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL AID Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the Union and from abroad. In recent years there have been five or more applicants for each place in the entering class. As a private institution Northwestern must rely principally upon tuition income and gifts from alumni and others to meet the not inconsiderable expenses of maintaining the faculty, library, and other facilities of a law school of the first rank. Fortunately, a substantial portion of the gifts made to the University and the Law School is available to provide financial assistance to students in need of it. ADMISSION Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectu·al capacity, and qualities of character requisite to 68 �the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application forms and inf orrnation concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, lllinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant is asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools is sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, is supplied with the admission forms. The test m ay be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations on forms furnished by the School from two college or university instructors. The application fee is $15.00. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. Ordinarily if the School is in session, arrangements can be made for the visitor to attend a regular class session. It is helpful, though not essential, for the visitor to telephone or write in advance to the Secretary of Admissions for an appointment. 69 �During the normal college vacation periods, the number of prospective students wishing to visit the School is large. This fact and the large volume of admissions mail and other business in these periods make it almost impossible to give extended personal attention to visitors at these times. The School holds an open house during the Christmas holiday and all applicants are urged to visit the School on that occasion. Each year a number of applicants seek personal interviews with the aim of thus enhancing their chances of gaining admission. Although the Admissions staff is always happy to answer questions to the best of its ability, applicants should be aware that decisions are made by the Committee on Admissions and that the only effective way to ensure full Committee consideration of special circumstances is to append a written statement of them to the application form. The Secretary of Admissions is ordinarily available to speak with visitors and can answer authoritatively or secure answers to questions not answered by this bulletin or other printed material. WHEN TO APPLY The completed application form may be submitted at any time during the twelve months preceding the expected date of entrance. Early applications is advisable. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college, or his professors. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $50.00 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition or fees . No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. 70 �TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $15.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report must be furnished. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. SUMMER SESSION A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the Summer Session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in which he is perm anently enrolled. Information concerning the Summer Session may be obtained by writing to the Registrar of the School after January I of the year in question. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title ma y be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought 71 �that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general ·education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $2900 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total slightly more than $ 1600 is required for tuition, fees , books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades 72 �of h is profess ional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in th e long run . In the interests of its students the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests it h as refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal edu cation of the highest quality. T h e cost of each student's educati on is on ly p artly cover ed by his tuit ion payments. A substantial portion is p aid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and fr iends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1966-67 is as follows: U ndergradua te Full Tuition First semester . ............. . ..... . ........ ..... ....... . ....... $750.00 Second semester ... . ................ . . . .. . . .. . .. . ...... . ....... 750.00 Summ er term .. .... . .. . .. . .. . . ....... . . . . .. . .. ......... .. . .... 375.00 Undergraduate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester .............. . .. . ... . . ....... 750.00 Gradu ate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 00.00 Resident in R esearch Fee Each semester ... . .. . ............. . . . . . .. .... ........ .. . .. . . .. . 25.00 Summer term ......................... . .. . ... .. ... . .. . ... .. .. . 12.50 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each cr ed it hour .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week ................... . .. ....... . 75.00 Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who h ave received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptan ce as candidates for a gradu ate degree are classified as graduate students. All oth er students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degree who have clone full-time gradu ate work at this University for two semesters are charged the R esiclent-inR esearch fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $75.00 a credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars ar e ch arged the R es iclent-inR esear ch fee. FEES In addition to tuition , the following acade mic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged Application Fee .... . . .. . . ............... . ........................ $15.00 (This fee is not transferable and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (A n advance deposit of $50.00 is required of all applicants accepted for ad mission including those granted fin ancial assistance. This deposit is not refundable but is applied as part payment of tuition or fees.) Graduation Fees .Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0.00 Master of Laws . .... ... ... . ..... . . . . . .. .. . .. . ..... ... . . .... . ... 10.00 73 �Doctor of Juridical Science ... . .. .. . . . . ..... .. . .. ... ..... ... . .... Student Health Fee First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . .. . ... . .. .... .. .... ...... . ......... ... .... . .... . . Mimeograph Feel First semester .. . ...... .. .......... . ...................... .. ... . Second semester .... . ................ .. . . . . .. . . ... ...... .... . .. . Summer term ... . . .............. . .. ........ ...... ... .......... . L ate Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) ....... . Change of Registration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) . ..................... . ........ . ........................ . Late Physical Examination Fee .................... . ............... . Duplicate Diploma Fee ........ . ... ... . . ... ...... ..... . .. . ... . .... . Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each .......... . ................... . 10.00 30.00 30.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES T uition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are due in the first few weeks after the commencement of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues th e statements and makes all ad justments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Offi cial withdrawal forms are available at the General Office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of on e-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term a nd before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. R egardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the R egistrar of the L aw School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition . REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students in the following categories are eligible to app ly for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty 1 1n many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. This flat charge covers the cost of supplies and labo r to prepare such supplementary material. In a few courses mimeographed materi als are prepared by the instructor to replace completely an assigned casebook. In those instances where the vo lume of material is substan ti al an additional charge (less than the cost of th e usual casebook) is made. In neither situation is there any charge made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research , editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. 74 �and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern. Informa tion concerning these rebates and application blanks are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before registration each term. Student5 should call for the rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. R ebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at th e Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual 75 �appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted as early as possible and in any event not later than March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to substantial sums provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of Law alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law School the following special scholarships and awards are available: Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are available for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient with average summer earnings to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships of $2,700 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Foundation. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students 76 �and lawyers 0£ the role of the behavioral sciences withm the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required 0£ candidates. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the Univenity or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob New·m an Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954 Charles v\Teinfeld made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. D e Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (L.L.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who 77 �is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Funcl. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955 a total of $47,200 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law . From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $230 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Blumb erg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $ 10,000 endowment the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be 78 �used each year by a male freshman scholarship student in the Law School of outstanding accomplishments a nd in need of financial assistance, who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farm ers Insuran ce Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the last academic year was 1,000. Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P . Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supereme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell, Class of 1899, scholarship assis tance is awarded annually to Hudents of character and ability in n eed of financial assistance. 79 �Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust [und established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since l 963 the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant of $1,500 to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving a nd fin anciall y needy student. Vi rgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his la te father, Virgil B. D ay. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual incom~ from the trust, which termin a tes in 1975, is approximately $1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Rob ert V. ]ones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided a nnually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, for a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship of $500 through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October I 963 the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The federation h as provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. John H enry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of .John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. 80 �Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright M emorial Fund. Joseph H . Wright of the Class of 1919, made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy or worthy students. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966 the partners of Barnet Hodes '21 in the firm of Arvey, Hodes & Mantynband made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. In 1965 the American Bar Association and the American Law Student . Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. GRADUATE STUDY: ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Admissions. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed 81 �Secretary of Housing and Urban Affairs Robert C. Weaver addresses a conference on Town and Country Planning . one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated duri ng that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they h ave a good command of written and spoken English. The School's graduate degrees are described full y on pages 55-57. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago A venue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full informa tion concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on pages 72-74 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,400 to $ 1,5 00. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are avai lable on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students. It is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. 82 �FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,000 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean vVigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For many years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The School has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including Interna tional Legal Studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,500. From that amount tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. Since 1961 the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Through the generosity of the Ford Foundation several fellowships. are available each year for recent Law School grad uates with an interes t in careers as Police Legal Advisors. The objective of this program is to· train young lawyers for positions which may be described generall y as "house counsel" to metropolitan police departments or to groups of police departments in rural areas. The period of training under a fellowship grant is two years. The· first year is spent in residence at the Law School. During the second year, the student will actually serve as legal adviser to a police depart-ment. At the end of that period, participants in the Program are eli-gible for the Master of Laws degree. For young lawyers with one or more years of experience in the prac-· tice of law the yearly stipend ranges between $6,500 and $8,500. Out 83: �of the stipend for the first year, there is a deduction of approximately $1,600 for tuition and fees. During the second year a further deduction of $500 is made. Each year's stipend is considered tax exempt. Similar fellowships are available to recent Law School graduates with no experience as practitioners. The stipend for them is $4,200 for the first year and $6,500 for the second year, with deductions and tax exemptions as described above. Fellowship recipients may begin their studies either in the first semester (September) of each school year or in the second semester (February). GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Committee on Graduate Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. 84 �In this century four distinguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assumed the post in 1957. "Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law ." -"The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The bonds formed in the years of study at the Law School are enduring ones. The School through its Placement Service offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in terms of self-realization and contribution. And the School's alumni band together both to keep alive memories and friendships of student days and to provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student JOms the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of Assistant Dean William C. Chamberlin. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. The Placement Service compiles a com85 �plete listing of these opportumt1es, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. That the bar is overcrowded has been repeated in each generation. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession as well as their clients they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorney-generals, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisers. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary Northwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years Northwestern for its size has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools 86 �A lumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion. in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities 87 �for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transporation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, Placement Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIAT ION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. 88 �Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1965-66 were: OFFICERS, 1965-66 Regional Vice -Presidents JOHN BODNER, JR. , '53 Washington President WILLIS D. NANCE, '20 First Vice-President HARRY R. HoRRow, ' 19 J OSEPI-1 H. WRIGHT, San Fran cisco Second Vice-President OWEN RALL, '24 HELMER R. JOH SON, '37 LAURENCE OLIPHANT, '34 New York Third Vice-President DANIEL WALKER, Cleveland '50 NORMAN M . SEVIN, Secretary 0. ESTHER Treasurer JAMES T. '34 KEGAN, Miami '36 '38 PAUL ZIFFREN, Los Ange les OTIS, '5 1 '56 Immediate Past President PAUL WM. CUTLER, '3 1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring 1966 PAUL J. FURLONG, '47 RICHARD j. NELSON, '48 T erms Expiring 1969 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '29 ELROY C . SANDQUIST, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 ALBERT W. POTTS, EDWIN 0. WACK, '31 HENRY K ENOE, WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, J. DEAN VAIL, JR. , '36 L. AB RAHAM FISHMAN, CRANE C. HAUSER, '38 Terms Expiring 1968 HERBERT C. BROOK, CHARLES PATRICK L. w. '24 '4 1 '2 1 '50 HoN . SEYMOUR F. SIMON, PAUL GERDEN, '38 '40 '36 W. CLYDE JONES, JR. , EUGENE KART, '37 '49 TRIENENS, ETTELSON, BARNET HODES, WILLIAM T. MORGAN, JR. , j. '29 HON. LATHAM CASTLE, '22 '32 JEROME HOWARD '39 Terms Expiring 1970 BER NAR D M. EPSTEIN, GEORGE M. KEANE, ' 15 HoN . HERBERT C. PAsCHEN, '39 Terms Expiring 1967 JOHN j. CROWN, '55 '33 HON. J ULIUS J . HOFFMAN, '36 '28 MUFMANN, O 'BRIEN, '47 '50 EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR., '47 89 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Graduates Enrolled in the Law School 1965-66 Albion Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allegh eny College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . American University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Am h erst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Augusta na College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barnard College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackburn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bowdoin College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bradley University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brandeis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brooklyn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca lifornia State Polytechnic Co ll ege. . Ca rleton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca rnegie Institute ......... . . .... . . . City College of New York · . . . .. . .. . . . Clarke College .. . ....... . . . . ....... . Colga te University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of St. Catherine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of St. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of Wooster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co lorado College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Columbia University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co rn ell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. W. Post College . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denison University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Den ver University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . De Paul University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePauw University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drake University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drew University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duke University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eas tern New Mexico University . .. . . . Elmhurst College ... . .. . ....... . ... . Fairfield University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgetown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grinnell · College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H arpur College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H oly Cross College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . Illinois Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . Indian a University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ja ckson College . ...... ... . ........ . 90 3 I I 4 I I 3 I 2 I 4 2 2 I 1 4 I I I 2 2 I 3 5 I 3 5 7 2 I 6 I 8 3 I 2 I 2 I 4 4 John Carroll Uni versity Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lafayette College ......... . : . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . . . Lawrence University . . . . . . . . . . Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loyola University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marquette Universi ty . . . . . . . . . . McGill University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami (Ohio) University ... . ....... Michigan State University . . . . . . . . . . Monmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muskingum Coll ege . ..... ... . New York University . . . . .. . Northern Illinois Un ivers it y .... .. . . . North Park College . . . . . . . . . . Northwestern University . . . . . . . . . Notre Dame U niversity ..... . . .. ... . Occidental College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University ..... Ohio University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . . Oregon State Un iversity . .. ...... . . Otterbein College . .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R egis College ....... . .. .. . .. ..... .. . Rice University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockhurst College . . . . . Roosevelt University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Joseph 's College . . . . . . . St. Louis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Mary's College .......... .. . .. . St. Procopius Coll ege . . . . . Southern Illinois University . . Stanford Unive1·sity Syracuse University .......... Trinity College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tulane University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Air Force Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Naval Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Detroit ............. University of Illin ois ... . . . ..... . . . . (i I 1 3 3 2 18 6 I 10 6 2 2 77 25 3 I 4 2 5 3 1 2 4 5 3 2 2 l I 3 3 4 2 I 2 1 9 I 40 �University of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Un iversity of Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Michigan ...... . .. . ... 21 University of Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 University of North Carolina . . . . . . . . 1 University of Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 5 University of Redlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 University of Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Western Ontario . . . . . . . I University of Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Valparaiso University ........ . Vanderbilt University .... . . . . .. .... . Wabash College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 Washington University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Washington and Lee University . . . . . . I Wayne State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Western Illinois University . . . . . . . . . . 1 Westminister College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Wheaton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Williams College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Total universiti es and colleges represented . . . . .. . . .. . .. . ..... . .. 121 91 �UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS J. ROSCOE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D ........ . .. • .......•. . President of the University Vice -President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M. KREML, LL.B . .. . . . . . . . .. ..... Vice-President-Planning and Development WILLIAM C . BRADFORD, PH.D .. . Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M.D., Ptt.D ., DR. HoN. CAus . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A ....•..... . . .. Controller and Assistant Business Manager PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D . . . . ..... .. ......•. OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION ROBERT H. BAKER, Ptt.D . . .... . .... .. ......• .. . .. . . .. .. . Dean of the Graduate School Dean of Men JOH N A. BARR, LL.B .. ••... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Dean of the School of Business WILLIAM T. BRAZELTON, PH.D ..•••.•.... . Associate Dean of the Technological Institute WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN , PH.D., LL.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the School of Law B. J. CHANDLER, ED.D .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Education IRA W . COLE, M.S . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the Medill School of Journalism RICHARD J. DONEY, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences RALPH G. DUNLOP, B.D., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . University Chaplain WILMER B. EAMES, D.D.S . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Dental School JAMES F. FJLGAS, D.B .A .... .. . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean, Director of Admissions, Graduate School of Business Administration MERREL D. FLAIR, PH.D . .• .....• • ..... . .. . . ..... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School KATHARINE GEORGE, B.A ..•......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . University Registrar HAROLD B. GOTAAS, Sc.D . .... . . . .•. . . .. . ... . . .••. . Dean of the Technological Institute FRANK T. HARTZFELD, M.B .A ...... . .• . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration STUART K. HOLCOMB, M .A .... .. ..... . .....•• . .. . . . . . .... • . . . . . . . Director of Athletics KATHERINE HOWELL, M.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Assistant Dean of Women GEORGE HOWERTON, Ptt.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Dean of the School of Music ALLEN S. HUSSEY, PH.D ... ... .•.... . Assistant Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences PETER P. J ACOBI, M.S.J. .. . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Medill School of Journalism BURGESS H. J ENNINGS, M.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Technologi ca l Institute J EAN JOYCE, A.B ........ . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Summer Session DANIEL R. LANG, PH.D ., LITT.D .. . . . . . . .•.. .. . . ...•.... . Dean of the Evening Divisions ALLEN LEIN, P1-1.D . .••.•.. • ... . .. . ... . ...• .. ..• . Assistant Dean of the Medical School MARTHA S. LUCK, M.A., L.H.D . . . . . . . . . .. •... . Associate Dean of the Evening Divisions B. CLAUDE MATHIS, P1-1.D .....•..... . .... . •• . .. . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School JAMES H . McBURNEY, PH.D., LITT.D .....••... . . . ...• . ... . Dean of the School of Speech GEORGE E. McCLAY, M.Mus ...•...... ...... • ... . Associate Dean of the Schoo l of Music JAMES C . McLEOD, B.D., D.D . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. • . Dean of Students JoE W. MILLER, B.S ... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of Students GLEN E . MILLS, PH.D .......•.• . •.. . . .••• .. ... . Associate Dean of the School of Speech JENS NYHOLM, M .A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • ..••... • .•..... University Librarian ARRAND PARSONS, PH .D .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •.. .... . Assistant Dean of the School of Music CLARENCE M. PEEBLES, PH .D ........ . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Dental School EDWARDS. PETERSEN, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . ...... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School FREDERICK B. RABE NSTE IN, M.B.A . ... . . . . . . .... .. . Assistant Dean of the Undergraduate School of Business C. WILLIAM REILEY, M .A •...... •. ...•. . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . Dean of Administrative Services CHARLES A. BALCIULIS, M.A .. . ... . .•. . .... .. . .. . . . .. ... .....• . Assistant 92 �JOHN RITCHIE, J.S.D .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . ... . ... •. ... . Dean of the School of Law Dean of the Technological Institute HAROLD A. SHAN AFIELD, M.S.J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Evening Divisions J. LYNDON SHANLEY, PH.D ....... . .. . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, J .D ...... . . . ... ... . . .. ...•• • Assistant Dean of the School of Law WILLIAM F. STEVENS, PH.D . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School KURT R . STOEHR, M.B.A . .... . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • .. . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration ROBERT H. STROTZ, PH.D ... . ... • ... ..... . ... . Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences GEORGE W. TEUSCHER, D.D.S., PH.D. , Sc.D .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . Dean of the Dental School PATRICIA A. THRASH, PH.D .... . . . . ..... . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of Women THEODORE R. VAN DELLEN, M.D ..... •• •.. .. . .... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School OTIS L. WALTER, PH.D . ... .•....... .. . .. ..•.... . .. •.•••..•. .. .... • .. . . . Dean of Men JOSEPH A. WELLS, M.D., PH .D .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Associate Dean of the Medical School RALPH L. WESTFALL, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . •.. ... . . . . . . Associate Dean, School of Business FRANCES C . YEARLEY, M.Mus . . . . . . . . . . . • •• ..... ... . . . . .•.. . . Assistant Dean of Women RICHARD H . YOUNG, M.D ... .... . . . .. . . •. •. . ....• . .• .. .. . . Dean of the Medical School F . GEORGE SEULBERGER, CoM.E . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION LYNDON 0. ADAMS, B.S . ... ..........•• .. .. . .... . Manager of the Treasury Department 0. of Student Finance of the University Press ANTHONY s. BRIDWELL, M .A..... . . . . . . . . . ... . ..•••• . Director of Development WILLARD J. BUNTAIN, B.S.L. ....•.. . .. .. . .. •... ... . .. . . Director of University Housing JOHN W. CALDWELL. .... .... . ..... • •. . . . . . . . ..• .. . . Manager of University Bookstores ROYCE E. CHAMPE ... .. . . ... . . . .. . •.. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .... . .... . . . . . . . . . . •.•• . • Bursar RUDOLPH J . EISLER, B.S. , C.E . .. . .....• • . .. . .... . . ... . Manager of the Chicago Campus MAURICE E . EKBERG . . . . . . . . .. ..•. . .. . . . .... . Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D . . . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . .... . Director of University Placement WILLIAM L. GARRISON, PH .D ....... . • .... .. . .•• • ... . Director of Transportation Center STANLEY GROSS .•....... •• .. . .. •.• . .. . . . •. . . . .. . . . ... . Director of Traffic and Parking ROBERT B . HATTER, B.S ..... . ..... .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Budget Director ROLAND W. HINZ, M.A ... . . . . . . . • •...... .•• . . .... . . . . ... •... . . Director of Admission WILLIAM T. IHLANFELDT, M.A .... • ... . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Financial Aid Department CHARLES L. LONGWELL. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .••...... .. . Director of Purchases and Stores JOHN F . NORMAN, B.S ... .. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . Manager of Investment Department JOHN C . SANDERSON, JR., B.S., C.E . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... .... . Director of Plant Properties SAM H. SARAN, M .S.J ..• . ... . . . . . . . ..... . Director of Public Relations and Publications ALEX C. SESSUMS, M .A ... . . . . • . . ..... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editor of Alumni Publications JAMES M. SLAVIN .... .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . ..... .. .. .... ... .. .. • Director of Traffic Institute DAVID G. UTLEY, M.A . .... . ... • . . Director of Int ernational Programs and Scholars and Director of Special St_u dents ALBAN WEBER, J.D .. . . ... . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . ..... ..... . ... University Attorney RAYMONDE. WILLEMAIN , B.S ....•.. . .....• ••• . . . . . . . . • •.. ..... • Director of Personnel J EREMY R. WILSON , M .A . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... .. .... . . . Planning Coordinator LEONA BRANDES YEAGER, M .D .. . ..... . ..... .• . ... .... . •. .. . Director of Student Health EDWARD ANDERSEN, B.B.A .... .•........•••... .... ..• . • . Director ROBERT P. ARMSTRONG, PH.D . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Director 93 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 17 Academic regul ations, 45 Ad mission, 68-69 appli cation fee, 69, 71, 73 application for , 69 Educational Testing Service, 69 Law School Admission Test, 69, 70, 7 1 open house for applicants. 70 pre-legal study, 71-72 summer session, 71 time of application , 70 transfer, 7 I tuition deposit, 70, 73 visits to the school, 69-70 Admission to graduate study, 81-82 Alumni association, 88 Attendance, 45 Buildings, 11-12 Classes, 22-23 Classrooms, 12-13 Course descriptions, 33-44 Course load, 30 Courses, required , 30 Curriculum, 31-32 Curriculum, three year, 29 Degrees, first , 48-49; graduate, 55-57 Enrollment, limited , 30 Exam in ations, 45-46 Expenses, 72-75 Faculty, 6-7, 23 Faculty adviser, 45 Fellowships, graduate, 81 , 84 International Legal Studies, 83 Police Legal Advisor, 83-84 Financial assistance, 75-81 application for, 76 Fraternities, 66 Grades, 45-46 Grnduate study in law, 55 Hardy, Clarion De Witt, Scholarships, 76 H eal th service, student, 20 Honor Code, 65 Honors and prizes, 46-48 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 61 , 64 94 Junior Bar Associat ion, 64-6!, Library, 13- 16 Loans, 75-81 Location , 10-11 Methods of in struction, 24 case method , 24-26 practice courses, 26-27 problem m ethod, 26 seminars, 27-28 senior research program , 28 -29 Moot court, 42, 64 Northwestern Universi ty Law Review, 46, 61 Ord er of the Coif, 46 Placement, 85 Prizes and honors, 46-48 Publications, legal, 61 , 64 R ebates to facu lty, staff, and instru cto rs, 74- 75 R efunds and withdrawal , 74 Sage, Russell, Foundation ~cholarships, 76 Sch edul e, typical, 22-23 Schol a rships, 75-8 1 Staff, 8 Student activities, 65-66 Student deposit account, 75 Student residence, 17-20 Student wives, 67 Supplemental Programs, 49 Corporate Counsel Institute, 54 The Crim in a l Law Program, 54 The Linthicum Foundation Program , 52-53 " Philosophy from Law" Conferences, 55 The Program of International L egal Studies, 54 Th e Program in Law and the Social Sciences, 54-55 The Rosenthal Lectures, 49-52 Tuition, 72-73 Wigmore, John Henry, Honorary Scholarsh ips, 80 Withdrawal and refunds, 74 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF ARTS AJ\D SCIENCES-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago. Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston. Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston. Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor o! Science in Speech. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston. Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, or four-year program omitting cooperative work assignments, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical , Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engineering. For information regarding any undergraduate School of the University, write to the Director of Admission, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201 . GRADUATE SCHOOL- Evanston and Chicago. Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education . (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Business Administration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism .) DENTAL SCHOOL- Chicago. Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high-school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgradua te studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago. Three-year course leading to the degree of Juris Doctor. By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-eight months. Also advanced study and research leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago. Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine; degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine granted after completion of first year. Also programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, and Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. EVENING DIVISIONS-Evanston and Chicago. Evening studies leading to certificates in Education Arts and Sciences and Business; and programs leading to th e degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Education , and to the Arts and Sciences degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in Education and Arts and Sciences fi elds. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago. Summer courses for graduate and undergraduate students in Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, Journalism, Law, Music, and Speech. For information regarding any other School of the University, write to the Dean of that School. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus l . Abbott Hall (Residence) 2. Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital 3. Heating Plant 4. Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 5. McCormick Hal.I (Law School) 6. Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Dental and Medical Schools) 7. Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) 8. Passavant Memorial Hospital (Patterson Memorial Building) F2 D8 G3 D4 E5 D6 E7 F7 9. Rehabilitation Institute 10. Searle Building (Medical School) 11. Thorne Hall 12. Veterans Administration Research Hospital 13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening Divisions and Graduate School of Business) L4 E6 E3 H6 E5 Future Proposed Site 14. Chicago Maternity Center 15. Rehabilitation Institute F6 F4 ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1966-1967</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXVI, no. 9) for the 1966-1967 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1966-1967 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 January 31 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETI Vol LXVI Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Second Chicago Ill BULLETI N OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS Where Write Calendar Officers Faculty CONTENTS Law Study Northwestern School Course Instruction Life School Admission Fees Financial Aid School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities University Officers Index Map WHERE TO WRITE Law School ADMISSION Applications Request Office Admissions Supporting FIN AN CIAL ASSISTANCE ADMISSION Summer Session · REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS Law School J ADMISSION Graduate Study D GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS J PLACEMENT OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Address Law School Registrar Committee Graduate Admissions Placement Service Law Alumni Association Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS RoscoE MILLER PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR FRANKLIN M KREML WILLIAM 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Mantynband Mr Hodes American Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association Inquiries Office Admissions Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund GRADUATE STUDY ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Admissions English Secretary Housing Urban Affairs Robert Weaver Town Country Planning Experience English English School Application Committee Graduate Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University Chicago Law School Fulbright FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies Applicants Ford Fellowships Law School Dean vVigmore Law Library School International Law School International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties School Family Law International Business Transactions European Economic Organizations James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Interna Legal Studies From Since General Electric Foundation POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Ford Foundation Law School Police Legal Advisors · · Law School During Program Master Laws · Out During Each Similar Law School Fellowship GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional Committee Graduate Admissions Law School Normally Fellowships None Students Successful Northwestern School Law Dean John Ritchie THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School School Placement Service And School School PLACEMENT Northwestern JOms Law School Law School Assistant Dean William Chamberlin Placement Service Placement Service opportumt Each Placement Service Law School Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States Senators Northwestern Presidential Law School Northwestern Openings Northwestern Its Law School United States Northwestern An Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni From Law School Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Law School Placement Service Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIAT ION Over Law School They Law School Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School Moot Court They Each American Bar Association Chicago Also Chicago Officers Law Alumni Association OFFICERS WILLIS NANCE JOSEPH WRIGHT OWEN RALL DANIEL WALKER ESTHER KEGAN JAMES OTIS JOHN BODNER J HARRY HoRRow HELMER JOHSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT NORMAN SEVIN PAUL ZIFFREN PAUL W CUTLER BOARD OF DIRECTORS PAUL FURLONG RICHARD NELSON ALBERT POTTS ELROY SANDQUIST HAROLD SHAPIRO EDWIN WACK JOHN CROWN BERNARD EPSTEIN ABRAHAM FISHMAN GEORGE KEANE WILLIAM MORGAN J HOWARD TRIENENS HERBERT BROOK CLYDE JONES J EUGENE KART CHARLES MUFMANN PATRICK O BRIEN EDGAR VANNEMAN J WILLIAM CAPLES JULIUS HOFFMAN HENRY KENOE WILLIAM McKITTRICK Ho HERBERT PAsCHEN DEAN VAIL J HO LATHAM CASTLE JEROME ETTELSON CRANE HAUSER BARNET HODES Ho SEYMOUR SIMON PAUL GERDEN REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS ROSCOE MILLER PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR FRANKLIN KREML WILLIAM BRADFORD JOHN D COOPER ARTHUR ScHMEHLING OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION ROBERT BAKER CHARLES BALCIULIS JOH N BARR WILLIAM BRAZELTON WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN CHANDLER IR COLE RICHARD DONEY RALPH DUNLOP WILMER EAMES JAMES FILGAS MERREL FLAIR KATHARINE GEORGE HAROLD GOTAAS FRANK HARTZFELD STUART HOLCOMB KATHERINE HOWELL GEORGE HOWERTON ALLEN HUSSEY PETER JACOBI BURGESS JENNINGS JEAN JOYCE DANIEL LANG ALLEN LEIN MARTH LUCK CLAUDE MATHIS JAMES McBURNEY GEORGE McCLAY JAMES McLEOD JoE MILLER GLEN MILLS JENS NYHOLM ARRAND PARSONS CLARENCE PEEBLES EDWARDS PETERSEN FREDERICK RABENSTEIN WILLIAM REILEY JOHN RITCHIE GEORGE SEULBERGER HAROLD SHAN AFIELD LYNDON SHANLEY FRANCIS SPALDING WILLIAM STEVENS KURT STOEHR ROBERT STROTZ GEORGE TEUSCHER PATRICIA THRASH THEODORE VAN DELLEN OTIS WALTER JOSEPH WELLS RALPH WESTFALL FRANCES YEARLEY RICHARD YOUNG LYNDON ADAMS EDWARD ANDERSEN ROBERT ARMSTRONG ANTHONY BRIDWELL WILLARD BUNTAIN JOHN CALDWELL ROYCE CHAMPE RUDOLPH EISLER MAURICE EKBERG FRANK ENDICOTT WILLIAM GARRISON STANLEY GROSS ROBERT HATTER ROLAND HINZ WILLIAM IHLANFELDT CHARLES LONGWELL JOHN NORMAN JOHN SANDERSON SAM SARAN ALEX SESSUMS JAMES SLAVIN DAVID GUTLEY ALBAN WEBER RAYMONDE WILLEMAIN JEREMY WILSON LEON BRANDES YEAGER INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Educational Testing Service Law School Admission Test Admission Alumni Attendance Buildings Classes Classrooms Course Course Courses Curriculum Curriculum Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Faculty Faculty Fellowships International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor Financial Fraternities Grades Graduate Hardy Health Honor Code Honors Journal Criminal Law Police Science Junior Bar Association Library Loans Location Methods Moot Northwestern University Law Review Order Coif Placement Prizes Publications Rebates Refunds Sage Schedule Scholarships Staff Student Student Student Student Supplemental Programs Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Linthicum Foundation Program Philosophy Law Conferences Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Rosenthal Lectures Tuition Wigmore Withdrawal NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor By Also Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science SUMMER SESSION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Residence Chicago Wesley Memorial Searle Building Thorne Hall Levy Hall Veterans Administration Law School McCormick Hall Law School Future Proposed Site https://plrccollections.org/files/original/924607f77363ad3a5a9887078683363c.pdf 0a7e92b7f4d1ea9e7aab08cdd4951118 PDF Text Text BULLETIN NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �Vol. LXV March 29, 1965 No. 17 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Jllinois. Secc;md-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill. �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEM IC YEAR 1965-1966 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS �CONTENTS 7 OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTER!\: . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. ...•.•...•.••.. 10 T11F. LAW SCHOOL . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • ••.•.••.. . . • . . • • • . . . . • . . • . . . . • 12 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional Campus . .............. .... ... . ... ... .............. ..... ....... Law School Buildings .... . ... . ...... .. ............... . ... .... .. .... ......... Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seminar Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courtroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Library ... ... .. .......... .................. . .............................. Student Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faculty Offices ................................ . ... . .. . ..... . .......... . .. .. 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 19 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . ••.. •• ••• . . . • • • . . • . . . . 20 Classes ........ .... .. .. . ..... ... ... ........... ....... ..... . ................ The Three-Year Curriculum ............... .. .... . .... ...................... faculty ................ . ........................ ..... .. . .................. . Methods of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Case :Method .. . . .. . ......................... . ....... ..... .. ........ The Problem Method .................... . .......... . . . ........ . ........ Seminars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Practice Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required Courses . ........................ .. ..... ..... .. ..... . ............. Course Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited Enrollment .... ......... . ... . ...... .. .. . .......... . ..... .. . . .. .. . . Curriculum ..... . ... . ....... .. .............................. ... .... . ...... . Supplemental Programs . . . ........ .. ........ . ... . . .... . .. ... ............... The Rosenthal Lectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Linthicum Foundation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate Counsel Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . .. The Criminal Law Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... The Program of International Legal Studies .. . ..... . . . . .... .. . . . ... .. The Program in Law and the Social Sciences .... . .......... . ....... " Philosophy from Law" Conferences ...... ... .. .. . .. .... . ........ . . 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 41 42 44 48 48 48 49 49 THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION THE STUDENT BODY . . . . . . . . • • . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . ••. Legal Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ...... Moot Court Competition ........... . ............... . ... . .. . . . . ... . . ...... .. The Junior Bar Association ............... . ...... . ....... . ..... .. .......... Honor Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student Activities ..... . ........... . .... ... . ...... . ..... . .... . .. . ........ Recreation and Social Activities .. . ..... .. ......... ... ... . . . .. . . .... ... . .. ... Student Wives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 2 50 51 52 53 53 53 55 55 �Student Residence .......... . ... . . ... . .. .......... ...... ...... .. ........ . .. Student Health Service ..... ... . . . . . .... . .. ........... . ... .. ...... . .. . . . . ... THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM .......... . . ... ..... ... . . ......................... .. ... Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer .. · ·• · ..... .. ... Summ er Session .... . . .. . . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . ... . . ...... . . . . .. . . .. Pre-Legal Study ............ . . . . . ..... . Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . .............. . . . .. . .............. . .... . ....... Scholarships, Grams, and Financial Assistance . .. . . . .. .... . . ..... ..... . ... ... . Examinations and Grades ..... . ............ .. ............... . ......... . .... Honors and Prizes ... . . . ...... . .. . .. . .. . . ........ . . ......... . .......... . ... Degrees ........................... ... ........... . . . ......... • ........ .. ... 58 59 60 60 62 62 GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW ..... . ..................... . . . ... . .......... . . . ........ Admission to Graduate Study . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuition, Fees, and Expenses ........ .. ........ . . ...... . ..... • .......... . .... Graduate Fellowships . . .. .... ................ . .. . . . . .......... . . ........... International Legal Studies ..... .... .. .... . . . . . ... .....•................ Poli ce Legal Advisor ......... . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . ..... ....... .. .... 78 78 80 80 80 82 PLACEMENT ... . .. . . ... . . 83 THE LAW ALUMNI AssOCIATIO ' R EGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UN IVERSITI ES DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX ..... ... . .. .. ... ... . .. .. . 73 74 77 79 . .... . .. .. . ........ 85 ... . . .. . .. . . .. ... . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . ...... 87 CALENDAR, J 964-65 ... . . . . . . ... . . . .... .. . SCHEDULES AND HOURS . .. 63 64 68 . . . . .. .. . .... . .. . 89 89 ... . . . .... 92 93 / �In practice courses adva nced students gain experience in trial procedure. Research in the law leads the scholar to volumes both ancient and current. �Class sessions frequently stimulate informal discussion that carries beyond the classroom. Pub Iic conferences focus on the role of law in national and world affairs and broaden the students' professional perspective. ��OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. Rosco£ MILLER, M.D ., LLD ., Sc.D., President of th e University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAMS. KERR, Vice-Presiden t and Business Manager fRANKLIN M. KREML, LLB., Vi ce-Presi den t- Planning and Development WILLIAM C . BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of th e Summer Session JOHN A. D . COOPER, M.D., Ptt.D. , DR. HoN. CAus., D ean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T . ScHMEHLING , C.P.A., Con troller and Assistant Business Manager FACULTY Jott N RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D. , D ean and Professor of Law ERIC E. BERGSTEN, B.S., M.A., J.D., M.CoMP.L, Visiting Associate Professor of L aw JOHN E. CooNs, B.A., J.D. , Professo r of L aw HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law JOHN P. HEINZ, A .B., LLB., Assista nt Professor of Law FREDE. lNBAU, B.S., LLB ., LLM., Professor of Law JAMES C. KIRBY, JR., B.A., LLB ., LL.M. , Professor of Law VAN CE N. KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professo r of Law KuRT LIPSTEIN, PH.D. (CANTAB.) , Visiting Professor of Law, Second Semester BRUNSON MACCHESNEY, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGovERN, JR., A.B., LLB., Ass istant Professor of L aw NATHANIEL L NATHANSON, B.A., LLB ., S.J.D ., Professor o f Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D ., S.J.D., Professor of Law" DAWN CLARK NETSCH (MRs. vVALTER A., JR.) , B.A. , J.D., Associate Professor of L aw WILLARD H. PEDRICK, B .A., J.D ., Professor of L aw JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J.D. , Professor of Law HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM R . RoALFE, LLB. , LLD ., Professor of Law Emeritus •on leave of absence, Second Semester 7 �VICTOR G. RosENBLUM, LLB., PH .D., Professor of Political Science and Law DAVIDS. R uDER, B.A., LLB., Associate D ean and Professor of Law HowARD R . SACKS, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law DANIEL M. SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D. , Professor of L aw a nd Librarian FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., J .D ., Assistant D ea n a nd Assistant Professor of Law JoN R . WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law FACULTY, SUMMER SESSION 1965 NEIL G. BLUHM, B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on Legal Accounting VANCE N. KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR., A.B. , LLB., Assistant Professor of Law HARRY B. R EESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law V1cTOR G. RosENBLUM, LLB., PH.D., Professor of Political Science a nd Law How ARD R . SACKS, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law ROBERT A. SPRECHER, B.S., J.D., L ec turer on Office Practice JoN R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of L aw LECTURERS ZEAMORE A. ADER, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Institutio ns and Methods PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D ., Lecturer on L egal Anthropology WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on L egal Accounting JoHN J. CROWN, A.B., LLB. , Lecturer on Introduction to Litigation KARL DE ScHWEINITz, B.A., PH .D ., Lecturer on L aw and th e Industrial Society ALEX ELSON, PH .B., J.D., Lecturer on L abor L aw JEFFREY A. FILLMAN, B.A ., LLB., Lecturer on Corporations RAY GARRETT, JR., B.S., LLB., Lecturer on Corporate Finance and Securities R egulation R OBERT F. HANLEY, B.S. , J.D., L ecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D., Lecturer o n Legal Clinic JULIAN A. MILLER, S.B., M.D. , Lecturer on Lawyer-Client R elationships WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH .B., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on Judicial Process RI CHARD D . SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Law and Society HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S. , J.D., L ecturer on Agency and Partnership JOHN M. TEEVAN, B.A., J.D., L ecturer on Selected Legal Problems JAiVlES R . THOMPSON, LLB. , Ass ista nt Director , Criminal Law Progra m ERNEST S. WoLF, M.D., Lecturer o n Lawyer-Client R ela ti o nships TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1965-66 E. T. RAZZALL, B.A., (OxoN) ANDREW LONGMORE, B.A., (OxoN) PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK, B.A., J.D., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law R eview 8 . �FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Editor-in-Chief a nd Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science JAMES R. THOMPSON, LLB., Assistant Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crim- inology and Police Science MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF E LEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Administrative Ass istant to the D ean D IANA M . DENISON, Administrative Aide to the Associate Dean M ARYE. LOGAN. Registrar JoAN F. Vo cT, Secretary of Adm issions MARYL DONAHUE, Secretary to the Dean M ILDRED F. MITCHELL, Secretary to the Associate Dean GAIL L GARTNER, Secretary to the Assistant Dean J UDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Clerk-Typist, Admissions Office IRENE S. BERNSTEIN, International Legal Studies Secretary DoRIS D . DODGE, Head Faculty Secretary HAZEL Y. BROWN, Faculty Secretary KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary J ESSIE L BROADNAX, Faculty Typist E LIZABETH SELTZER, Faculty Typist E LIZABETH L SIMON, Receptionist, General Office SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department LIBRARY STAFF KuRT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B .S. IN LS., P1-1.D., Librarian E LAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A. , Assistant Librarian and Head, R ead ers ' Services D epartment DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., M.A. IN LS., Head, Book Selectio n RoMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR.JURIS., M.A. IN LS., Head, Classification and Cataloging Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian DAVID R . BRYANT, B.S., J.D., Assistant in Reference and Foreign Law IDA M. OLSON, Secretary ETE LKA VAJDA, B.A., M.A., M.A. IN LS., Cataloger M ARTA M . PRYJMA, MGR.JURIS, Junior Ca taloger E LIAS VYTANOVYCH, PH.D., Assistant Cata loger SELMA KRAHN, Catalogin g Assistant ESTHER Y. QuIROL, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant MARIA C. C HASE, Reference Assistant in Charge of Circulation JoHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in Charge of Stacks HAROLD K. REEVES, B.S. , Library Assistant J EROME M ENEZES, B.A., Library Ass istant 9 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the Jaw; when the Jaw begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student and teacher. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant share of the resources of the School. In furtherance of its objectives of excellence, the Law School maintains a policy of selective admission to assure that each student is capable, first, of benefiting from challenging instruction and, second, of pursuing intellectual goals with self-discipline and initiative. Those chosen are students of independent and seeking mind, who need not be led but who, on the contrary, can contribute to the education of their fellows in cooperative endeavor. Instruction is conducted by a Faculty who devote their full energies to legal education. The facilities of the School have been designed in the belief that balanced preparation for the profession cannot be confined to the classroom. The Law School, with its comprehensive library arranged for effective scholarship and its ample provision for informal conference 10 �and discussion, constitutes a self-sufficient center for legal learning. The continuous exchange of thought and opinion in a cohesive student body of outstanding men and women in close contact with a distinguished faculty recalls the classic concept of a university as an independent community of scholars. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The spirit of the profession is respected and preserved in the archiLecL ure and atmosphere of its buildings and in the traditions of student life. At the same time, the School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identified with forward-looking movements in legal education, the Law School today offers a curriculum arranged to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educate lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. In this century the law has emerged as a profession vitally integraLed with every phase of the nation's economic, social, and political development. With advanced teaching materials and techniques, a deep tradition of scholarship, the broad educational resources of a great University, and the professional and cultural enrichment of a metropolitan center, the Law School continues to educate its students for the broad responsibilities and demands of the legal profession and the service of its ideals. 11 �". . . these n ob le buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put-the teaching of law." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, June 16, 1927. T HE LAW SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. The study of law is the study of ideas, and history teaches that ideas may be born in the most adverse material circumstances. More important than stone and mortar are the traditions and the spirit which give life to the School and inspire its students and teachers. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment makes a unique contribution to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the noted Gold Coast, an area of fashionable residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf 12 �courses, and boating facilities. Near by, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here are located the buildings housing the offices of federal, state, and municipal government. In close proximity to the Law School, convenient for student visits and observation, are trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. Situated in the stimulating intellectual climate of the metropolitan center, the Law School enjoys unexcelled opportunities for laboratory study of the law in action and benefits in addition from the ready availability of outstanding specialists in every branch of the law. Frequent lectures, specialized courses, and supplementary class participation by leading jurists, practitioners, and public officials enrich the basic instruction. PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the eighteen-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, with dining rooms, cafeteria, fo untain, lounges, athletic facilities, and accessory shops and services. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student broadens his perspective through contact with professional students in other disciplines but remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. Twelve miles north, on the original campus of the University in suburban Evanston, the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,900 graduate students are enrolled. This wooded, lakeside campus is readily accessible to Law School students for cultural events and intercollegiate athletics. Physically autonomous, the Law School resembles a small college, with the benefits of a cohesive academic community. As part of a great U niversity, it enjoys as well the resources and vitality of a broad range of learning. Outstanding professors from other schools and departments participate in Law School instruction to make available the contributions of economics, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, political science, and a variety of other disciplines in the understanding and solution of the problems of human behavior which are the province of law. 13 �Bounded by the waters of Lake Michigan immediately to the east and by the surrounding campus, the Law School stands as an academic preserve in the heart of a metropolis, enjoying the benefits of a central site with few of its disadvantages. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings, functionally integrated and arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, also named for alumni of the School, were completed in 1960. The four buildings present a harmonious exterior, all constructed of lime1,tone in a modified Gothic design reminiscent of the historic structures of English law. The quadrangle completely encloses the Law School garden. Bordered by cloistered arcades, the garden, with its hedge-lined walks, shaded corners, and stone benches, is a favored retreat for students and Faculty in spring and autumn months. In interior design and ornament, the older buildings of the Law School are rich in the lore of the law. Medallions, seals, and shields in legal motifs decorate the oak-paneled walls and corridors, and stainedglass designs accent the windows, linking the student with the past of the profession. Some 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. The atmosphere is blended in the newer buildings with the clean lines of modern functionalism. Both libraries and Robert R. McCormick Hall are air-conditioned. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of students in each class meeting. The classes are divided into sections for all work in the first and second years. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that ts the mark of legal education at Northwestern. In each classroom the student is provided with a continuous tabledesk or with a free-standing oak desk for his course materials and notebooks. In most of the rooms the student desks are elevated in tiers and 14 �surround the instructor's desk in amphitheatre style, facilitating communications, in both directions, between student and teacher. The three newer classrooms are equipped for the use of audio-visual aids. Lincoln Hall, the largest classroom, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. It is used principally for major co-curricular lectures, public conferences, and student assemblies. SEMINAR ROOMS For instruction at a more advanced and individualized level, the Law School buildings provide four seminar rooms. Here small groups of students, typically from twelve to twenty, are seated at a single large table with a Faculty member for an informal and detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessari ly bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. Notable among the seminar rooms of the School is the Wigmore Room, named for the former Dean and furnished with memorabilia of his distinguished career. Installed in a concealed portion of the room are the Wigmore chimes, a unique musical machine that plays "The Counsellor's Chorus," the Law School song composed by Dean Wigmore himself. MacChesney H all in the newer building is handsomely furnished with a table thirty-five feet in length and richly upholstered �chairs. The Williams Room, renovated and refurnished in 1961, is similiarly appointed. The Frank Hill Thatcher Seminar Room is situated above the library overlooking the lake. COURTROOM For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom, complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators. Of striking modern design, the Getz Courtroom is used both for practice trials and for the argument of mock appeals. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library, with its associated research facilities, is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street, and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection contains over 225,000 volumes, is among the six largest law school libraries in the Western world and constitutes the largest legal collection in the Chicago area. More important than sheer size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building, and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual sound-proof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to re-organize his course notes. The library is operated under an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To free the general collection from the heavy demands of Faculty scholarship, a separate working collection is maintained for Faculty use. 16 �The course of instruction has been designed to encourage the use of these library resources and to assure that each student will be capable of independent and scholarly legal research. In a required course in the first term of his legal education, the student receives individual instruction in the techniques of assembling and using the varied materials of research in the law, from the most ancient reports to the latest modern developments. During the remainder of his studies he accumulates experience and develops his powers of perceptive, resourceful research through work in moot court, supplementary course studies, research in advanced seminars, and the preparation of articles and papers for the School's legal publications. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws, and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. Student lounges are useful for light reading and casual talk between classes. Study alcoves in the library reading room encourage concentration. 17 �More than one-third of the total co llection is made up of works in the fields 0£ toreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. Furthering its forward-looking policies, the library began at an early elate to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs, periodicals from all parts of the world, and the whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable is the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700 which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula, that is, books printed before 1500. A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully 18 �fitted with the basic equipment for the use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. STUDENT FACILITIES In informal give-and-take discussion with his fellows, the student lawyer develops his powers of analysis and expression. To foster these close student relationships that have marked the best in legal education since the profession's beginnings, the Law School has set aside a substantial share of its facilities for student use. Lounges are provided in Levy Mayer Hall for short periods of study or relaxation before class. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal student lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Its equipment and comfortable furnishings include a fireplace and, for lighter moments, a piano. On the lower level, adjacent to the locker area, are dispensers of coffee, milk, soft drinks, and snacks, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break. or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the fourth-floor study area. Here some eight rooms are devoted exclusively to student use for informal review sessions or individual study. Each room is supplied with reading tables or desks, chairs, and high-backed benches to accommodate f:r:om four to ten students. These rooms are open and available to all students while the School is in session. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities conducted under student auspices and control. The officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law R eview, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, the Student Book Exchange, and candidates for the S.J.D. degree enjoy the benefit of private offices. FACULTY OFFICES In keeping with long-standing tradition at the Law School, Faculty members are readily available to individual students for questions and conferences. The tradition is physically embodied in the Law School buildings, where each Faculty office opens directly onto the main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries. The arrangement leads to frequent and fruitful contact between student and teacher. 19 �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." THE COURSE -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law. The course of instruction has been organized through experience, experiment, and analysis to offer legal education of the highest order, to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The program is designed to provide a broad training in the techniques of the law and an understanding of its institutions to the end that the graduate will be equipped for practice in any legal system based upon the foundations of Anglo-American law. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting a knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future . 20 �Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours during the course of the Law School's five-day week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon to break the pace and to permit the student to review his preparation during open hours before class. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in valuable act ivities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance will be distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, the causes of crime, and modern correctional theories. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with rocket construction. �The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions illustrate the fashion in which a dynamic law school today shapes its instructional program to meet the needs of the profession for the years to come. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law, setting the norm in legal education. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. By attending optional summer sessions, however, students may earn their degrees in twenty-eight months. During his first year of law study, the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts, and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. In the first term, the members of the first-year class are taught the use of legal research materials and throughout the year are given individual instruction in legal writing. A senior Faculty member is designated as adviser for each entering student to aid in the adjustment to legal education and to assist in particular problems or difficulties. Some opportunity for elective courses and seminars appears in the second-year curriculum, and the widest choice is afforded in the third year. The student, however, does not normally "specialize" in the course of his law school career. The student who hopes to become a corporation lawyer, or a criminal lawyer, or a tax lawyer will, for the most part, follow the same basic course of study others are pursuing. The aspiring tax lawyer's program will only be a course or two heavier in the tax field than that of his com22 �panion who expects to go into corporate practice with a large city firm or another who plans to return to a small town for general practice. A broad base in fundamentals is necessary in every field, and intelligent choice can be made only from a general familiarity with the available fields. Lawyers quite regularly turn up in posts of responsibility neither they nor their law school faculties envisioned. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School permits a modest degree of specialization but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. In the second and third years, courses are frequently arranged so that the student will examine related fields of law at the same time and be made aware of their interrelations. An example of this functional integration of related courses is afforded by the seminar in Law and the Industrial Society, in which the economic, political, and legal problems of policy common to the fields of Corporations, Labor Relations, and Trade Relations are studied and discussed. Problems of law, especially those dealt with in advanced courses, are often involved with problems of business and government. In recognition of these ties, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies, and special lecturers are drawn not only from among the specialists in the profession and the faculties of their departments of the University, but from the business community and government as well. It is in the advanced courses principally that the student is offered the opportunity to explore the frontiers of the law and to work in close cooperation with the members of the Faculty. Small classes and frequent individual conferences on research papers bring student and teacher into rewarding personal relationships. In addition, a number of upperclassmen are chosen annually to serve as research assistants to the Faculty, each assigned personally to a professor to aid in scholarly activities. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident Faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice and a number have served in responsible government posts as well. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups, and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the teachers 23 �who conduct the classes, and many are widely used, standard works m their respective fields. THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. 1o longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the educational benefits of active participation, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is most effective in developing the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The methods of instruction in the Law School vary from course to course, in response to the nature of the subject matter, the role assigned to the course in the total training of the lawyer, and the teaching philosophy of the instructor. For descriptive purposes, instructional methods may be grouped in four general categories. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the first two years of study, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares, vicariously, the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies, in its use, with the approach of the 24 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School Faculty constitute basic mate rials of instruction. professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find tha t the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields . The class session in a case-taught course typically will not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, with the benefit of group discussion, the task of developing for himself an 2fi �understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it, and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career, the student is thus led to do what he will do throughout his professional life-to think, to analyze, and to decide on his own initiative. With their interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. With collective thought focused on the problem provided or suggested by the case, there are times when minds stretch and their reach even may be extended. The mainstay of the firstyear curriculum, the case method of teaching, is withal a singularly exciting and stimulating intellectual experience for the beginning law student. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and increasingly employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the Faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he, or one of his fellow students, will be invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those_ issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Sometimes a particular decision or statute may relate directly to the problem, and at times the class session may be devoted to the examimi26 �tion of a leading case and its relevance to the problem assigned. At other times the problem may fall in an area where the legal landmarks are few, and the imaginative use of statutory materials and administrative regulations is required. Nor are the problem sessions merely exercises in developing the technical skills of the lawyer in marshalling and utilizing available legal materials in the solution of particular problems. Often the specific, concrete problem supplies the perspective in which basic questions of social policy, of the why and how of the development of the law, can be considered in meaningful context. SEMINARS Opportunities are offered in the second and third years for seminar WOl'k in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from twelve to twenty, with the guidance of a senior Faculty member, the student will engage in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. It is in the seminars that research on the frontiers of the law is most commonly undertaken. Emerging areas of policy where the resources of the law may contribute include, for example, the control of atomic energy, urban renewal, extending equal protection of the laws into various aspects of national life, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. And it is in seminar work that the law student will be expected to cut across the disciplines and to bring to the law additional material from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Experts in such disciplines frequently participate in seminar meetings. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of friendly criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the highest courts. PRACTICE COURSES One hundred and fifty years ago there were no American law schools. The aspiring attorney prepared himself by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. The advantages of such training are preserved today, within a systematic curriculum for post-graduate study, in the practice courses offered throughout the three years of the student's formal legal education. In these courses the student actually practices in skills that the 27 �pract1cmg attorney is called upon to employ, and through experience and through exercising his own powers, he learns the job of the lawyer. In addition to the elements of actual practice presented in every course offered by the Law School, instruction through practice is the specific object of a number of courses. Prominent among these is the course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program, law students, during the last half of their training, serve in the Clinic under the supervision of a Faculty member. The Clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare pleadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fills a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailir.ig professional standards, and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions before a court composed of prominent alumni and Faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of practice courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. In the first year, the student is assigned office memoranda on legal problems, under individual supervision. As an upperclassman, he may select practice courses in such fields as the drafting of wills and the planning of personal estates, or the drafting of laws and legislative documents. REQUIRED COURSES For a student to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, successful completion of the courses prescribed for the first and second years is required. In addition, he must satisfy the following requirements: a minimum of two hours of 'seminar work involving substantial individual research and writing exclusive of participation in the Law Review Seminar; one hour of Accounting (except for students with at least three semester-hours of college credit in that subject); the course 28 �in Professional Responsibility; Legal Clinic (required of all students who entered the Law School in September, 1963, or thereafter except members of the Law R eview); and at least one course or seminar in International Law. Although the Faculty may ch ange the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility will not be exercised so as to place an undue burden upon any enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling sixteen credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable condi tions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than fourteen credithours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Technique, Trial Practice, and Introduction to Litigation are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Technique, Trial Practice, or Introduction to Litigation can be accommodated. CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS I (3) * MR. HAVIGHURST The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law of Contracts (2d ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. MR. INBAU, MR. HEINZ CRIMINAL LAW (3) Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations ; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures and fair trail rights of the accused and the state. lnbau and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice (2d ed.). •The figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 29 �LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND METHODS (2) MESSRS. SPALDING, HEINZ, ADER, LONGMORE, AND RAZZALL A first exposure to some of the legal institutions and tools of the profession which cut across traditional boundaries between subject areas: the common law system, the structure and role of the court system, analysis of judicial opinions, legal reasoning, bibliography and research, and legal writing. Written exercises provide experience in legal analysis of problems and research and focus attention on the critical role of the written word in the law. Materials to be announced. PROPERTY (4) MR. SCHUYLER, MR. COONS Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background and basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (3d ed.). MR. PEDRICK, MR. SACKS TORTS I (3) Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Torts. The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP (3) MR. SPALDING, MR. SHAPIRO Consideration of individual, partnership, and other non-corporate forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; fiduciary duties of agents and partners; partnership property and partnership dissolution. Latty and Frampton, Basic Business Associations. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON, MR. J. KIRBY The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. Barrett, Bruton, and Honnold, Constitutional Law-Cases and Materials (2d ed.) CONTRACTS II (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. FUTURE INTERESTS (2) MR. SCHUYLER Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; 30 �restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT I (1) MR. SPALDING, MR. RAZZALL The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest are briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the Faculty on the bench. Appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument are emphasized. TORTS II (3) MESSRS. RAHL, SACKS, AND WALTZ The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Injuries to Relations. SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY ACCOUNTING (1) Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who have received college credit for three semester-hours of accounting. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (3) MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of administrative determinations. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials; Gel!horn and Byse, Problems in Administrative Law. CORPORATIONS (4) MR. RUDER, MR. FILLMAN Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits, and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations. MR. REESE, MR. WALTZ CIVIL PROCEDURE (4) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appell ate review. R eese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Field and Kaplan, Materials on Civil Procedure (Mr. Waltz). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. 31 �MR. RITCHIE, MR. McGOVERN DECEDENTS' EST ATES AND TRUSTS (4) Intestate succession ; substitutes for wills; substantive aspects of wills and trusts; introduction to fiduciary administra tion. Ritchie, Alford, and Effland, Cases and Materials on Deceden ts' Estates and Trust s (2d ed.). MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) Training in client counseling, with approx imately 8 hours of classroom work and 20 hours of clinical work at the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities of Chicago (123 West Madison Street). Topics covered include legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. The clinical element consists primarily of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid Bureau clients. The instructors are assisted by guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Mimeographed materials. Open to students after completion of the first year. Required for most students; see page 29. SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) The e0urse is described in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. REESE MR. BERGSTEN COMMERCIAL LAW I (4) Sales and credit transactions: the title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, the uses of documents of title and the various types of security interests in personal property; commercial paper: the concept of negotiability and the uses and effects of notes, bills of exchange and checks; sureties generally and as parties to negotiable instruments. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Farnsworth, Cases on Negotiable Instruments; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition. MR. WALTZ, MR. HEINZ EVIDENCE (3) The tests and concepts of relevancy; the hearsay rule and its exceptions ; the law of privilege; competency and examina tion of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; writings. Morgan, Maguire, and Weinstein, Cases and Materials on Evidence. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) MR. PEDRICK, MR. V. KIRBY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Ta xation (mimeographed). A third-year course or seminar may be substituted for this course, subject to the requirement that either Federal Estate and Gift Taxation or Federal Income Taxation must be taken before graduation. MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 32 �MR. COONS, MRS. NETSCH REAL EST A TE T RAN SACTIONS (4) Transfer of interests in land by deed ; the escrow arrangement; recordin g a nd regis tration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance ; rights in the land of another ; control of la nd use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord a nd tenant; rights and r emedies of parties to th e real estate contract and th e real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; r eadin gs in related problems of real esta te finance. Nla terials to be announced . SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Second-year students may take any one of the seminars listed in th e curriculum for the third year for which they have the n ecess;i.ry prerequisites. THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION The Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition is a voluntary program conducted by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board an d supervised by Mr. Wal tz. The program is designed to aid second-year stud ents in improving their skills in brief writing and or al argument. It does not carry course credit. After receiving instruction in brief writing and oral argument in th e early part of the semester, the student teams prepare briefs and participate in oral argumen ts before panels comp osed of judges, practicing attorneys, faculty members, an d students. An endowment memorializing Judge Julius H . Miner provides funds for meetings of a Moot Court Society and for prizes and expenses of administrat ion of the competition . The winners of the comp etition become members of the team which represents the School in the regional rounds of the National Moot Court Competition, which is h eld in the fall of the following school year, wh en the members of th e National Moot Court Team are thirdyear studen ts. The winners of the regional rounds compete in th e fin al rounds of the national competition in New York City. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ADMIRAL TY (3) MR. MAcCHEsNEY General principles of admi ralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, general average, marine insurance, collision, claims of maritime workers, and the limitation of liabi lity. l\forrison and Stum berg, Cases and Materials on A clmirall)•; supplementary cases (mimeographed). DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS (3) l\1R. NEKA::1,1 A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured cr editors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions aga inst p ersons and property, ge n eral assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances, etc.; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular atten tion to the provisions covering liquidation; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures, judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Moore, D ebtors' and Creditors' R ights: Cases and Materials. �FAMILY LAW (3) MR. NEKAM The law p ertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domest£c Relations (3d ed.) . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) MR. PEDRICK, MR. V. KIRBY The federal income tax aspects of various phases of business activity; the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements; the role of administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies ; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed) ; Surrey and Waren, Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (1) MR. CROWN The preparation of pleadings including complaints, answers, bills of particulars, interrogatories, and other pretrial motions employed in both civil and criminal cases. Classroom work will consist of both direct and cross examination of witnesses, including the qualification of experts, and will deal primarily with problems of laying the foundation for the introduction of various kinds of evidence such as physical evidence, photographs, and documents. MR. J. KIRBY The rights of employees to organize and bargain collectively with their employers; limitations on management prerogatives resulting from the collective bargaining relationship ; legal limitations on strikes, picketing and boycotts; remedies for infringement of collective bargaining relationship rights and the role of courts, arbitrators, and the NLRB; inter-union and intra-union rights and obligations. Cox and Bok, Cases on Labor Law; supplementary mimeographed materials. LABOR RELATIONS (4) LEGAL CLINIC (1) MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE The course is described in the list of courses for first semester of the second year. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (I) MR. SACKS Essential and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession : the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court ; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-governing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regarding the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings and problems. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. 34 �TRADE RELATIONS (4) MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boyco tts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale pri ce maintenan ce, unfair methods of competition , foreign commerce. Oppenheim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl, Supplementary Cases and Materials on Trade R elations (m imeographed). TRIAL PRACTICE (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to litiga tion in which the student prepares, pleads and tries a relatively uncomplicated negligence action. The course includes the witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) lVIR. \ NALTZ The anatomy of a civil lawsuit. Under the instructor's sup 2rvision stud ents investigate, plead, and try a jury case. Special attention is given on a practical level to dep os ition-taking and other discovery techniques, jury selection , introduction of ev idence, expert testimony, direct and cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements and closing arguments. Goldstein, Trial T echnique; Davis, Paint ing the Picture (mimeographed). Northwestern 's criminal law program includes a series of' annual conferences and short courses in the field of crimin al law administration . �SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Advanced Commercial Law MR. BERGSTEN Advanced work in problem areas of security interests in personal property: financing of inventory, accounts receivable, after-acquired property clauses, and the relative priority of security interests; investment securities: negotiability, registration and transfer. Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition, and mimeographed materials. Constitu tional and Administrative Law of Int ernational Organizations MR. NATHANSON The seminar concentrates on the constitutional and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized age ncies constituting the United Nations family. Attention is also directed to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development on a world-wide scale. Sohn, Law of the United Nations, and additional mimeographed materials. MR. Criminal Law A consideration of current problems in criminal law administration. INBAU Development of Legal Institutions MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil and common law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Estate Planning MR. V. KIRBY Alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes are considered in the light of the principles from the fields of Decedents' Estates and Trusts, Corporations, Future Interests, Insurance, Real Estate Transactions, and Income, Estate and Gift Taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Fiduciary Administration MR. V. KIRBY An advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Satisfactory completion of the course in Decedents' Estates and Trusts, or its equivalent, is a prerequisite. Government and Land MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. Intellectual Property MR. RAHL Introduction to the law protecting trademarks, copyrights, patents, and "know-how" through group study and individual research on current problems. 36 �Exploring new areas of the law, seminar students work closely with Faculty and distinguished lecturers. MR. BERGSTEN International Business Transactions The international business contract : the law applicable; the documents used; letters of credit ; marine insurance; arbitration; exclusive jurisdiction and forum non coveniens; monetary problems. Mimeographed materials. International Law MR. MAcCHESNEY A study of the law and institutions of the Atlantic Community with particular reference to the Coal and Steel Community and the Common Market. A term paper is required. Stein and Hay, Cases and JVIaterials on the Law and Institutions of th e Atlantic Area. Jurisprudence MR. SACKS A study of law as an on-going, purposive process, with particular reference to, and comparison of, the various institutions, both official and private, through which this process is carried on. These institutions include courts, legislatures, administrative agencies, arbitration tribunals, and "private ordering," i.e., legal arrangements made by private p ersons with the aid of lawyers. Legal issues analyzed come from such problem areas as statutory interpretation; retroactivity; the role of precedent and of custom in the development of law. Hart &: Sacks, Th e L egal Process: Basic Problem s in the Making and Application of Law. Securities R egulation MR. GARRETT Intensive examination of the securities law field, including state and federal regulation of securities distribution and securities regulation. Examination of implied remedies arising from violation of federal securities laws. Corollary discussion of problems in corporate finance. This seminar is a prerequisite to the seminar in Corporation Finance, offered in the second semester. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation. 37 �SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR. MAcCHESNEY, MR. LIPSTEIN Legal consequences for persons and property of interstate and international transactions; an examination of the allocation of legislative and judicial competence between the nations and between the states; principles of reciprocity and comity underlying the exercise of jurisdiction and choice of law; the impart of the Constitution on interstate transactions and of treaties and customary law on international transactions ; resolutions of conflicts of legal systems; full faith and credit and "Act of State"; scope of public policy; criteria for choice of law and abstention from exercise of jurisdiction; minimum standards for international trade and due process; the control of the use of force in the settlement of disputes. FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions ; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction ; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to en join proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. H art and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federa l System; Th e Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY (! ) MR. V. KIRBY An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a companion course for Federal Income Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to thos e interested in the goyernment policies underlying the federa l tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and develop· ment, their administration and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for r eform and the possible future legislative revision. MR. HAVIGH URST INSURANCE LAW (2) Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insurance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; m easures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates ; reinsurance ; rehabilitation and liquidation of companies. Goble, Cases on Insu rance Law (2d ed .). INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (I) MR. CROWN The course is described in the list of courses for th e first semester. LEGAL CLINIC (1) The course is described second year. 38 l\IR. SACKS, MR. KENOE 111 the list of courses for the first semester of the �PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE (2) Instructor to be Announced Studies of the practice relating to inventions; patentable subj ect matter, Patent Office pract ice, interferences, infringements, damages, and in junctions. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (I) MR. SACKS The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. RESTITUTION (3) MR. McGovERN The principles and remedies available, at law and in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ( I ) MR. lNBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. TRIAL PRACTICE (1 ) MR. HANLEY The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Analysis and Solution of Selected L egal Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis is placed on the written solutions of contemporary prob. !ems taken mainly from Illinois law. MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Antitrust Law Advanced study of a ntitrust law and policy; antitrust problems of price discrimination, mergers, patents, and regulated industries; emphasis upon problems, writing, and legal-economic cons iderations. The course in Trade Relations is a prerequisite. Civil Liberties in Mod ern Democratic Socities MR. NATHANSON, MR. RosENBLUM Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion ; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention will be directed to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference will also be made to comparable problems in other democratic societies. Compara tive Law MR. LIPSTEIN An analysis of some proposed uses of the comparative method in law, with special emphasis upon the usefulness of such method from the point o( view of better understanding one's own legal system. 39 �Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Advanced problems in corporation finance, with emphasis upon income tax, securities, an d general business aspects of financing the corporation. Examination of r elated problems peculiar to the financing problems of small business. Stress will be placed on plann ing and drafting. Prer equisites: Corporations, Federal Income Taxation , and Securities R egul ation. Assigned readings. Criminal Evidence Seminar MR. ! NBAU Selected problems regarding the admissibility of evidence in criminal cases. Estate Planning MR. P E DRICK This seminar is d escribed in the list of seminars for the first semester. Int ernational Comparative Antitrust Law (2) MR. RAH L, MR. B ERGSTEN Study of antitrust law and policy relating to intern ational and foreign activ ities; examination of application of American antitrust laws to for eign commerce; also examina tion of a ntitrust laws of the Eu ropean Common Market and of th e U nited Kingdom, Fra nce, Germany, a nd selected other foreign nations. The course in Trade R elations is a prerequisite. Labor L aw MR. J. KIRBY Collective bargaining; draftin g and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. Participation in the course in Labor R elations is a prer equisite. Law and So ciety ]\!JR. CooNs, MR. SCHWARTZ An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social science theory and research. Mimeographed materials. Law and the Industria l Society MESSRS. RAHL, R UDE R, J. KIRBY, AND DE S CHWEINITZ An exploration of problems of public policy common to th e fields of corporations, labor law, and trade r egulations. Intensive preliminary instruction in basic economics followed by an analysis o f the policy considerations and economic framework und erlying the legal rul es in the three fields. Prerequisites: Corporations and either Trade R elations or Labor R elations. Samuelson, Economics, and assign ed re adin gs. Legal Anthropology MR. COO NS, MR. BOHANNAN Exam in ation of cultural-legal structures in societies commonly styled "primitive," including modes of dispute settling, substantive rules and their sources, interrelation of indigenous and colonial law, choice of law in pluralistic societies, a nd methodology in res earch. Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man. Legal H istory MR. McGOVERN The history of the common law, beginning with a brief survey of the sources of law and development of legal institutions, followed by a study of the history 40 �of selected areas of substantive law, such as succession to property and liability in crime and tort. Problems in Taxation of Business In come MR. V. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations and partnerships. The tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation and mergers will be explored at both the corporate and the shareholder levels; the taxation of other forms of doing business will be contrasted therewith. Enrollment restricted to those who have satisfactorily completed the basic income tax course or its equivalent. R egulated Industries MR. HEINZ The substantive law relating to the regulation of several industries (which may include, so far as time permits, rail a nd air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, o il, and agriculture), a consideration of the economic, political, and social factors which affect these laws and are affected by them, and an examination of possible causes of the current "crisis in the administrative agencies" or "failure of regulation ." Securities R egulation i\IR. R u oER This seminar is described in the list of seminars for the first semester. State and Local Government MRs. NETSCH Deals with topics selected from the wide and rapidly changing field of state and local government. In view of the great and increasing urbanization of the United States, the seminar centers on the government of metropolitan areas, with emphasis on the relationships of governmental bodies to each other under the increasing impact of federal financing and activity in such fields as transportation, water, police, housing and city planning. Materials to be announced. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses a n<l emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program, upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these established programs are described below. 41 �THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars haYe given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle J-Joldsworth. Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford Univers ity. These lectures were published under the titl e "Some Lessons from Our Legal History," by the Macmillan Company. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamant e of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison," in "The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary" by the Commercial Press. In 1931, J ean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the Un iversity of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title "Bankruptcy in United States History," by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published und er the title "The Trial Judge," by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were publish ed under the title "The Law in Quest of Itself" by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development o.f the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Adlai E. Stevenson, who is presently serving as United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of Internatio n al Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on " The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subj ect "On Understandin g th e Supreme Court," published as a volume und er that title by Little, Brown & Co. 42 �In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivercc.l a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume und er the title "U njust Enrichment, A Comparative Analysis," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title "Un ited Nations and World Community," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title "The Washington Lawyer," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liabi lity of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of I 952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization ; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title "Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States," by the University of ·wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvarc.l University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Cons.titution," by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean , School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L.A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title "Traffic Victims ; Tort Law and Insurance," by the Northwestern Univers icy Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation ," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. 43 �Public officials participate with business leaders in co-curricular programs, relating formal instruction to current public questions . In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal m Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently a member of the Faculty, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A . Pik e, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title "Beyond The Law," by Doubleday & Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "R eligion and American Constitutions," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen of the University of Melbourne School of Law delivered a series of lectures on "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, an alumnus of the class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 191 5, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The incom e of the fund is d evoted to the support of 44 �research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds for meritorious books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and European authors. In recent years, the Foundation h as sponsored a number of significant conferences. In 1948, a round table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. M'.cConnell and Leo F. Tiern ey of the Chicago Bar; James A. Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Tracie Relations. In 1949, a round table was held on the subject " 'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of th e Chicago Bar; W . Willard Wirt z, the present Secretary of Labor an d formerly of the Faculty; and students from the class in Labor Relations. In 1951, the Foundation contributed to the support of an Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of a series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In l 951 , a conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and ·wage Stabilization." In 1952, a forum was held on the subject "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was ]. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University, and formerly United States Ambassador to India. In 1954, a conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955, a conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report. " In 1955, a conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." In 1956-57, the Law School was a joint sponsor of conferences on "The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" and "Chicago's Housing Code." In 1957, a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959, the Foundation was co-sponsor of a conference on "Freedom in the Modern American Economy," presented as a part of the Law School's centennial observance. The speakers included Arthur ]. Goldberg, presently an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and an alumnus of the School. In 1960, as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a conference was held on the subject "Individual Freedom and Public Debate." Among the speakers was Adlai E. Stevenson, the present United States Ambassador to the United Nations and an alumnus of the School. In 1961 , a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N. Minow, formerly Chairman 45 �The student residence is the scene of man y hours of study-essential to a legal education . Library resea rch, with ready access by students to wide-ranging source materials , supp lements classroom wo rk. 4r, �Informal coffee hours offer students opportunities for social visi ts with membe rs of the Faculty and prominent guests. Outstanding legal scholars present annual lectures as part of the Schoo l' s su pplemental programs . A recent vi si tor was 1he Right Hon . Lord Radcliffe , Lord of Appeal in Ordinar y of the United Kingdom . Rigorous traditions of scholarship make participation in the work of the Low Review a rewarding experience . �of th e Federal Communi cations Commissio n, and Roscoe E. Barrow, formerly Dean of the U niversity of Cincinn at i Coll ege of Law, both alumni of the School. In 196 1, a conference was h eld on "Th e Illinois Profess ional Association Law." Among the participants was Crane C. Hauser, a member of the Chicago bar and an alumnus of the School who formerly served as Chief Counsel of the Internal R evenue Service of the U nited Sta tes Treasury. In 1962, a co nferen ce was h eld on "Th e U niform Commercial Code in Illinois. " In 1962, a lecture on Commo n Market An titrust Law was given by A rved Deringer of Bonn, Germany, a member of the Euro pea n Parliament. In 1963, a conference was held on "Th e Law of Space and of Satellite Communi cations." In 1963, a lecture on th e Eu ropean Court of Justice was given by Albert va n Hou/Le, R egistr ar of th e Court. In ]964, a co nference was held on "Town a nd Coun try Plan ning: Apartments in Suburbia." In l 964, a series of lectures on the European Common Market was given by D ennis ThomjJson , a barrister-a t-law of London, Engla nd. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE The Law School cooperated in 1962 with several bar associations in inaugurating an an nual Corporate Counsel Institute to be held at Northwestern for the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corporate counsel, considerin g top ics of current importa nce in the corporate field, a nd providing an opportunity for discussion of problems among corporate counsel. Attendance at the Institute h as grown to about 360 lawyers annually. The Fourth Annual Corporate Counsel Institute will b e held on October 14 and 15, 1965. David S. Ruder, Associate Dean and Professor of L aw, serves as Director of the Institute. THE CRIMIN AL LAW PROGRAM Each summer the Law School offers a five-day Short Course for Prosecuting Attorneys and a fiv e-day Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. Also, at various times throughout the year th e School conducts conferen ces or seminars for criminal law practitioners, police legal advisors, and other groups with a special interest in criminal law adm inistration . The Police Legal Advisor Graduate Student proj ect d escribed elsewhere in this bulletin under "Graduate Fellowships" is an integral part of the general criminal law program. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957, the Ford Foundation awarded i200,000 to the Law School for the expansion of its program in Interna tional Legal Studies. The School's early interest in the field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library collections in foreign and international law and by its long-standing requirement that each student pursue some international studies. In furtherance of its pro48 �gram, the School has offered seminars in International Business Transactions, International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis, and a course in Family Law, with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for additional Faculty and for visiting foreign professors, and they support graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-seminars and conferences in the field of international law. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES In 1963, the Russell Sage Foundation awarded approximately $210,000 to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University for a three-year program of interdisciplinary study and research in law and the social sciences. One purpose of the grant is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behavioral sciences to the understanding and improvement of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplines. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School of L aw (see page 69) . The Sage Scholars in the Law School ordinarily will be expected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research activity. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Mr. Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, a series of conferences under the general title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September 1963. The objective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purpose of attempting to distill from the d iscipline of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man's understanding of himself and his society. In accordance with this general objective, the particular subject of the first conference was "Compromise and Decision Making in the Resolution of Controversies." The principal paper for the conference was written by Professor John Coons of the Law School; it was followed by a number of written and oral comments by distinguished guest participants. The second conference in the series will be held in September 1965 and will be devoted to the subject "Equal Justice in an Unequal World." 49 �In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE STUDENT BODY A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom, the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a close-knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 450 students, thus facilitating wide acquaintance among the students. For purposes of instruction, most of the classes are divided into sections, further guarding the individual from being submerged in the mass. The beginner himself will have been carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capa-ble of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates will be high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and 50 �universities in the United States and abroad. In a spirit of healthy competition, the student realizes his own full capacities in keeping pace with his fellows. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from some thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. Approximately 125 colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see pp. 87-88). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although written, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique among the professions. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of their first year, students of highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Review. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a 51 �requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are sought and preferred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fa ct that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Although Law R eview students work hard, they take one day off each spring to play a softball game with the Faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the foibles of their professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the journal of Criminal Law, Crim in ology and Police Science. This Journal, with a world-wide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous publication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director. The Assistant Editor is James R. Thompson, Assistant Director of the Law School's Criminal Law Program. They are assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of some of the country's outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H . Miner, the program is conducted, under Faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and Faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include Associate Justices Arthur J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School), Byron R. White, and Tom C. Clark of the Supreme Court of the United States. The finalists repr esent the School in the National Moot Court Competition. 52 �STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the prattice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students themselves. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to it5 enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by Faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The Code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers and the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental .educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to 53 �(Above) Working cooperatively in student activ ities , prospective lawyers become acquainted with the collective concerns of the profession. (Right) The annual Faculty-Law Review softball game reveals the teacher in a different guise . the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal receptions, known as coffee hours, are held frequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual conversation with members of the Faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student responsibility, through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association participates in an orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. 54 �RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities-Phi Alpha Delta, Phi D~lta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi ..::_have been established at the Law School. Members do not live or eat together and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. They hold luncheons during the course of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they sponsor dances and informal parties. None of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics involving the legal fraternities and other groups on the campus offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the University's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial minority of the student body is married. At the social gatherings of the Law \,Vives, the student's wife can visit with Faculty wives, discuss m atters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and a ttention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the Faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 55 ��Frequent special events bring eminent iurists, outstanding government officials, and other noted speakers to the School. Right, Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren. Below , United States Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai E. Stevenson, an alumnus of the Law School. Below, left, Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a former member of the Faculty. Below, Supreme Court Justice Arthur J . Goldberg, an alumnus of the Law School, sitting as ch ief judge of the final round in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. 57 �STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountaingrill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling, squash, and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There i~ also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and five and one-half day maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of 58 �the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the floor plan which appears on the bottom of this page of this bulletin. The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals a day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. The average room rate for the academic year is $365.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January I, and April 1 during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of apartments for married students which are completely furnished. Apartment rentals average $130.00 a month, including utilities. There is a variety of other apartments in the vicinity of the Law School within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student Health Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the University and situated on the campus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School. Students are enrolled with the Service at the time of registration, and at that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detailed information about the plan. For a more complete description, the Student Health Serv ice Information Bulletin is available upon request. 59 �"Old Northwestern! "That's where we learned our law." - " The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmo re, Dean 1901-29. THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM The deepest traditions of the Law School are rooted in scholarship and educational excellence. For more than a century, the Law School has been devoted to improvement and innovation in legal education. Its graduates and Faculty have numbered amo ng the great teachers and scholars of their times, and, as deans and faculty members in other centers of legal learning, have shared and extended this dedication. The academic program of the School today reflects and preserves the strong tradition. ADMISSION Since its early years, the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completi ng legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to 60 �the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment, the student mu st have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant will be asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree, unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, will be supplied with the admission forms. The test may be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations, on forms furnished by the School, from two college or university instructors. An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. The completed application form may be submitted at any time during the year preceding the expected date of entrance. Early application is advisable. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. The application fee is $10.00. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations 61 �and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a comm ittee of Faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college or professors, or request the student to appear for an interview to assist the committee in its deliberations. An applicant who is accepted for admission is required to make a deposit of $50.00 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration, the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school will be admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $10.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of class standing also should be submitted. Transfer applicants are not required to take the Law School Admission Test unless requested. If an applicant already has taken the test, however, a score report must be furnished to complete the application. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event will transfer credit be given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. SUMMER SESSION A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the Summer Session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in which he is permanently enrolled. 62 �View from garden of portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960, which complete Law School Quadrangle. Abbott Hall, student residence, is shown in left background. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts and science is required for adm ission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems o[ social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that will enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, nat63 �ural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, may be suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject, to gain the experience of deep and thorough understanding. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law, designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort will be better spent in studies in other fields. It should be noted that a student will be required to take a one-hour course in accounting in the second year of Law School unless he has received college credit for three semester-hours, or its equivalent, in the field. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of 2900 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student re&iding in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total, slightly more than .$ 1600 is required for tuition , fees, book , and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, while large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. 64 �Tuition for the academic year 1965-66 is as follows: Undergraduate Full Tuition First semester . .. .. ........ ... . .......... .................. . . .. $7 50.00 Second semester ... ......... .. ....... ... .. ... . . . . . ... . ...... .... 750.00 Summer term . ... .. .. . ............. . ... .. ... .. . . ........... . ... 375.00 Undergrad uate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester . .... ............ .. .... . ...... . 750.00 100.00 Graduate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour Resident in Research Fee Each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 12.50 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 75.00 Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full -time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J .D. and LL.M. degree who have don e full-time gradua te work at this University for two semesters are charged the R esident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars, in which event they are charged at the rate of $75.00 a credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the R esid ent in Research fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged as indicated below : Application Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This fee is not transferable and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $50 is required of all app licants accepted for admission . This deposit is not refundable but will be applied as part payment of tuition.) Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doctor of Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R equired of all full-time students) Student Health Fee First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 30.00 10.00 65 �Mimeogreph Fee* First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50 7.50 3.75 Late Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) . . . . . . . . 5.00 Change of Registration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Late Physical Examination Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Duplicate Transcript of Record, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are clue in the first few weeks after the commencement of the term upon the elate specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statement's and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available at the General Office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advanced deposit required to be paid by entering students. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the encl of one-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition , the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. • In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial ass istants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. 66 �Generous physical facilities and a student body of limited size produce an atmosphere conducive to effective study. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligible to apply for rebates: (a) full-time Faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelvemonth payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions. A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of fifty percent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of twenty-five percent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time Faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for the rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. 67 �SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS, AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily, an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of Faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted early to assure consideration before funds are committed. The available funds are: Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount of up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are available for several stu88 �dents in each entering class. The amoun t is sufficient, with average summer earnings, to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the Faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships in the amount of $2,700 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Foundation. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students and lawyers of the role of the behavioral sciences within the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required of candidates. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for su ch aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $ 10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion fi9 �of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illnois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymon d Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving of financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $42,200 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H . Sage Scho larship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $230 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student m the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship 70 �during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University scholarships and grants yielding amounts varying according to demonstrated need. Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $10,000 endowment the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books which are to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student who is in need of financial assistance. Farm ers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the last academic year was $1,000. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association and was actively interested in the Law Sch0ol during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student 71 �at the School of Law (1908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund . From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell, Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability who are in need of financial assistance. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship . Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant of $1,500 to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $ 1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Robert V. Jones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided annually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, for a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship in the amount of $500 through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship. In October, 1963, The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean 72 �of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymol!ld Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In January, 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. In addition, Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. In addition, beginning in 1965, a comprehensive examination will be required each year of all students who entered the Law School in September, 1963, or thereafter, and who are scheduled to be graduated in February, June, or August of the year following the examination. The 73 �examination, which will be administered in either September or October each year, will cover all required courses. No credit hours toward graduation will be given for the taking of the examination. However, each student's grade on the examination will receive a weight of four hours in all subsequent computations of his grade average. Students who are eligible but who, for good reason, are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the end of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars in wh ich no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (pass) or F (fai lure). HONORS AND PRIZES Since its beginnings, the Law School has been dedicated to the encouragement and recognition of legal scholarship. In 1907, the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of original and enduring scholarship and the devotion to excellence manifested in the founding of the Order of the Coif permeate the activities of the School. Exemplifying the Law School's emphasis on scholarship are the many honors and awards recognizing superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the 74 �instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Selection THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund established in 1962 by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide a prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key for the student preparing the best paper dealing with some aspect of the law of local government. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years 75 �On special occasions informal box luncheon s are held in the Law School garden. A distinguished alumnus visits the Law School. Supreme Court Justice Arthur J . Goldberg, right, chats with Dean Jobn Ritchie. To renew schoo l friendships alumni gather annua ll y for a dinner and a report on Law School progress . 76 �the cup is placed on display m Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the member of each class at the School who has made the most significant contribution toward over-all scholarship. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the Faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Cou nsel Journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before 77 �a student is recommended for a c'.iegree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the ctegree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying ninety semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on pages 28-33. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study, below. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its faci lities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under Faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. Inquiries concerning graduate study should be addressed to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. No application fee is required of foreign applicants for admission to graduate study. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Graduate Committee. 78 �Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they h ave completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during Lhat time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than ten semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students will be required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law will be required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for their research, the Graduate Committee may, in its discretion, require graduate students to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. 2. The completion of a thorough st udy of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passi ng of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another u niversity or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalen t to those prescribed by this School 79 �for the degree of Juris Doctor, and who have fulfilled the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on page 65 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,400 to $1,500. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students. It is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,000 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing inter- so �In this century four distinguished scho lars led Northwestern's School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assumed the post in 1957. and educa tors have Inform al conferences with Faculty members co mpl e ment regular course work. 81 �national legal studies as their llila jor interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For more than IO years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The school has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant, the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including International Legal Studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,500. From that amount, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. In addition, since 1961, the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Through the generosity of the Ford Foundation, several fellowships are available each year for recent Law School graduates with an interest in careers as Police Legal Advisors. The objective of this program is to train young lawyers for positions which may be described generally as "house counsel" to metropolitan police departments or to groups of police departments in rural areas. The period of training under a fellowship grant is two years. The first year is spent in residence at the Law School. During the second year, the student will actually serve as legal advisor to a police department. At the end of that period, participants in the Program are eligible for the Master of Laws degree. For young lawyers with one or more years of experience in the practice of law, the yearly stipend ranges between $6,500 and $8,500. Out of the stipend for the first year, there is a ded uction of approximately $ 1,600 for tuition and fees. During the second year a further deduction of $500 is made. Each year's stipend is considered tax exempt. Similar fellowships are available to recent Law School graduates with no experience as practitioners. The stipend for them is $4,200 for the first year and $6,500 for the second year, with deductions and tax exemptions as described above. 82 �Fellowship recipients may begin their studies either in the first semester (September) of each school year or in the second semester (February). GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Also, fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a Placement Office under the direction of Assistant Dean Francis 0. Spalding. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Office gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. The Placement Office compiles a complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the students' information current. It has been repeated in each generation that the bar is overcrowded. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Office receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. Naturally most of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign coun- �tries. In service to their profession as well as their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with government, at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government depart· ments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorneys-general, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisors. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary Iorthwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the top• ranking students there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity, beyond the limits of traditional practice, is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. 84 �From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School Placement Office to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to urange the ntcessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Office arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Law School Placement Office also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from mi1'itary service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the L:1.w School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. Commemorating the Law School's centennial, they contributed substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court programs. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. Offi·cers and-directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1964-65 were: 85 �OFFICERS, 1964-65 President ........... ...... .. .... ..... ......... ... PAUL W. CUTLER First Vice-President ... .. . .................. . .... . . WILLIS D. NANCE Second Vice-President ... . ....................... JosEPH H. ·WRIGHT Third Vice-President . ....... . . .. ........ . ............. OWEN RALL R egional Vice-Presidents .... . ... JOHN BODNER, JR.; HARRY R. HoRRow; HELMER JOHNSON; LAURENCE OLIPHANT; NORMAN M. SEVIN; and PA UL ZIFFREN Secretary .......... ... . ... .. .. ...... . ........ EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR. Treasurer ........ . ....... ..... ... .. .. ...... . CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Imm edia te Past President ..... ..... ....... . ..... C. IVES WALDO, JR. BOARD OF DIRECTORS STUART S. BALL, '27 ESTHER 0 . KEGAN, '36 HERBERT C. BROOK, '36 H ENRY KENOE, '31 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '33 WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, '39 LATHAM CASTLE, '24 WILLIAM T. MORGAN, JR., '37 JOHN .J. CROWN, '55 J. '48 '52 PATRICK w. O'BRIEN, '50 HERBERT C. PASCHEN, '29 ALBERT w. POTTS, '29 ELROY C. SANDQUIST, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 RICHARD NELSON, '22 J E ROME L. ETTELSON, '41 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '32 PA UL .J. FURLONG, '47 PAUL GERDEN, 40 CRANE C. HAUSER, '50 BARNET HODES, '21 J ULI US J. HOFFMAN, '15 W. CLYDE JONES, JR., '28 DAWN CLARK NETSCH, EUGENE KART, C. IVES WALDO, BERNARD M. EPSTEIN, '36 GEORGE M. KEANE, 86 '38 SEYMO UR F. SIMON, HOWARD J. .J. '38 TRIENENS, DANIEL WALK ER, '49 '36 JR., '36 DEAN VAIL, JR. '50 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Graduates Enrolled in the Law School 1964-65 Albion College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amherst Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackburn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bowdoin Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bradley University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brandeis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brook Iyn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cali fornia Stale Polytechnic College . . Carleton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca rn egie Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . City College of New York . . . . . . . . . . . . Clarke College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coe College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colgate University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College of St. Catherine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coll ege of St. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cern ell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denison University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePaul University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePauw University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglass College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drake University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duke U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elmhurst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fairfield University .... . . .. ....... . . Florida Presbyterian College . . ...... . Frankli n & Marshall College . . . . . . . . . Georgetown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grinn ell College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hanover College .. . .... .. . .. . .... .. . Harpur College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Holy Cross College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . Illinois Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . Indiana University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Carroll University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lafayette College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lawrence University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 l 2 l 6 3 l l 3 1 1 l l 2 l l l 3 5 3 6 9 l 2 5 1 l 3 4 1 4 2 2 l 6 2 1 5 l l l 4 2 5 Loyola University . . . .. ... ..... . .. . .. Loyola University (New Orleans) . . . . . Marqu ette University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami (Ohio) University . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan State University . . . . . . . . . . . Muskingum College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Central College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Park College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Illinois University . . . . . . . . . Northwestern Unive1·sity ... ..... . .... New York University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occid ental College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio W esleyan University . . . . . . . . . . . Otterbein College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principia College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Providence College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockhurst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. John 's Un iversity . ... . . .... .. .. . . St. Joseph 's College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Louis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Mary 's College .. . . . .... .. . .. .. . . St. Olaf College . .... .............. . St. Procopius College .. ... . . ........ . State University of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Illinois U niversity . . . . . . . . . . Southern Methodist U niversity . . . . . . Stanford University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syracuse U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trinity College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tulan e University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Union College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Air Force Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Naval Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of California (L.A.) . . . . . . University of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Denver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Illinois .... ... .. ..... . . 17 l 7 9 6 l l l 3 81 l l l 2 l 5 l 2 5 l l 3 2 4 6 3 4 3 l l l 3 2 3 l 2 l 2 2 8 2 2 l l 45 87 �Universi ty Un iversity U niversity U nive rsity Un iversity U L1ive rsity U nive rsity U nive rsit y U nive rsit y U niversity U nive rsity U niversity Va lpa ra iso 88 of Kansas .......•.. . .. . .. of M aryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of Michigan ... . .. . .. ... . 20 of Ne braska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of N otre Dam e . . .. . . . .... 19 of Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . l of Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Pennsylva nia . . . . . . . . . . 3 of R edl ands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Roch ester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of W isconsin . . . .. .. .. .. .. 17 U ni versity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Vanderbilt U ni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 W abash College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 W ashin gton Uni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 W ayne Sta te Uni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . I W ell esley Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I W estern Michigan U niversity . . . . . . . . 1 W es tmin ster Co llege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Wheaton College .. . .. . ........ . . . .. 11 Williams Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Yal e University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 To tal uni versiti es and colleges represe nted .. .. . . .... . .. . . . . .... .. 12 1 �CALENDAR FOR 1965-66 1965 SEPT. 14 Tuesda)>, 8:30 A.M. SEPT. DEC. 16 25-27 14-16 Thursday Thursday-Saturday Tuesday-Thursday DEC. 18 Nov. 1966 JAN. JAN. JAN. JAN. JAN . APRIL APRIL APRIL MAY MAY JUNE JUNE Saturday 3 14 17 26 31 6-8 Monday Friday Monday Wednesday Monday Wednesday-Friday 9 18 20 23 Saturday Monday Friday Monday Wednesday Saturday II SEPT. 5 8-ll 17 Monday Tuesday Monday Fridav Monday-Thursday Saturday 8:30 A.M. SEPT. Nov. DEC. 19 24-26 13-15 Monday Thursday-Saturday Tuesday-Thursday DEC. 17 JUNE JUNE JULY AUGUST AUGUST 13 14 4 Saturday Registration and orientation for new stu• dents Classes begin Thanksgiving recess Registration for spring semester for students currently enrolled Christmas recess begins Classes resume Cl asses close Examination period begins Examination period closes Second semester classes begin Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Spring recess begins Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH ANNUAL COM· MEN CEMENT R egistration for summer term Summer term classes begin Holiday Classes close Exami na ti on period R egistration and orientation for new students Classes begin T ha nksgiving recess Registration for spring semester for students currently enrolled Christmas recess begins SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School Buildings are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to I 1:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and from 2:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. 89 �OFFICERS J. AN D FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ROSCOE M ILLER, M .D., LL.D ., Sc.D . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . President PAYSON S. W I LD, PH .D ., LL.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice -President and of the University Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . ..... Vice-President and Business Manager FRA NK LIN M. KREML, LLB . . . . ..... . ....... Vice -Presiden t- Planning and Deve lopment WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH .D .•.•...•.....•.• . Associate Dean of Faculties; D ean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M.D ., PH .D ., DR . HON. CAus . . . . ... . ... . Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. SCH ME HLING, C.P.A . •. . . .. .. .. •. Controller and Assistant Business Manager OFFICERS OF INSTR UCTION ROBERT H. BAKER, PH.D . ..._, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the Graduate School D ean of Men Jo i-IN A. BARR, LLB., LLD . . . ' . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•... . Dean of the School of Business F. VIRGIL BOYD, PH.D., C.P.A ... .. .... ..... .... Associate Dean of the School of Business W ILLIAM T. BRAZELTON, PH.D . .... . . •.. . Associate Dean of th e Technological Institute B . J. CHANDLER, ED.D ..... . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . Dean of the School of Education IRA W. CoLE, M .S ....... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Dean of the Medill School of Journalis m RI CHARD M. CROAKE, B .S ... . . . . . . . .. . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of Men R ICHARD J. DO NEY , PH.D ... .... .. . . Assistant Dean of th e College of Arts and Sciences RALPH G. DUNLOP, B .D ., D.D ...... . . . . . . . ..... . .. . . .. .... ..... . University Chaplain WILMER B. EAMES, D.D.S ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associat e Dean of th e Dental School MERREL D. FLAIR, P H.D . . . ... . .. .. . .... .. ..... Assistant Dean of the M edica l School HAROLD B. GoTAAS, S c.D . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of th e Technological Institute FRANK T. HARTZFELD, M .B .A .. . . . . . . . •. ..... . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration STUART K. HOLCOMB, M .A ...... . .. . .. ...... . . .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. . Director of Athletics KATH ER I NE HOWELL, M.A ...... ..... . ..... . ... . .. . . . .. . .. . . Assistant Dean of Women GEORGE HOWERTON, PH.D .... . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Music ALLEN S. HussEY , PH.D . . . . . . . • . . . . . Assistant Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences PETER P. JA COBI, M .S.J .. ... . . •• ... . Assistant Dean of the Medill School of Journalism BURGESS H. JEN INGS, M .S . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the T echnological Instit u te DAN IEL R . LANG, PH.D ... . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .... . Dean of the Evening Divisions ALLEN LE IN, P H.D ... . • .. .. . . . . .. . ..... . .. ...... Assistant Dean of the Medica l School S1MEON E. L E LAND, P~1.D ., LLD .... .. . . . . . . . Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences MARTHA S . LuCK, M .A . . . . . . . .. . . . ..... . •..... Associate Dean of the Evening Divisions B. CLAUD E MATHIS, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... Assistant Dean of the Graduate School GEORGE E. McCLAY, M.Mus ..... .. . . . . . . . .... . . Associate Dean of the School of Music JAMES H. McBURNEY, PH .D., LITT.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Speech JAMES C . McLEOD, B.D ., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of Students JOE W. M ILLER, B.S .... .. .. . ...... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of Students GLEN E . M ILLS, PH .D ......... . . . . . . . .• ..... .. Associate Dean of the Schoo l of Speech ROLAND H . NELSON , J R. , ED.D .. . .... ... ... . Associate Dean of the School of Education JENS NYHOLM , M .A ..... .. ... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University Librarian ARRAND PARSONS, P H. D . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. .. .. . . Assistant Dean of the School of Music CLARENCE M . PEEBLES, PH.D ... . .... . .. . .... . .. . . Assistant Dean of the Dental School EDWARD S. PETERSEN, M .D .. . .. .... .. . . ... . . . . .. . Assistant Dean 0f the Medical School FREDERICK B . RABENSTE IN, M .B.A .. . .... . ••. .... . Assistant Dean of the Undergraduate Schoo l of Business C. W ILLIAM REILEY , M.A ... . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. . . .. .. . Dean of Administrative Services DOUGLAS w. RHODES, M.A ........ .. . . .. . ..... . ...... .. . .. ... . Assistant Dean of Men CHARLES A. BALCIULIS, M .A ....... . • . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ac,ting 90 �JOHN RrrcmE, J.S.D ... ....••.•.•.. . • . . • . . . . . .•. . •..•. ... . Dean of the School of Law Dean of the School of Law F. GEORGE SEULBERGER, CoM.E ....•...•• . Assistant D ean of the Technological Institute HAROLD A. SHANAFIELD, M.S.J . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Evening Divisions J. LYNDON SHANLEY, PH .D . . . . . . . . • . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences FRANCIS 0. SPALD I NG, PH.D . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School KuRT R. STOEHR, M . B.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration GEORGE W. TEUSCHER, D .D .S., P1-1 .D., Sc.D . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . Dean of the Dental School PATRI CIA A. THRASH, PH.D . . . . . . . . • ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . • . ..• . .• . Dean of Women THEODORE R . VAN DELLEN, M.D .....•. ••.• .. .. . . . A ssistant Dean of the Medical School JOSEPH A. WELLS, M . D. , PH .D .• .. • . . . • . . . . . . .• . Associate Dean of th e Medical School FRAN CES c. Y EA RLEY , M.M us . . . . • • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of Women RICHARD H. YOUNG, M.D . .•.•... . . . •. . .•.. .. .•..•.. . ... . Dean of th e Medical School DAVID S . RUDER , LL.B . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . •••..... . Associate OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION of the Treasury Department ROBERT P . ARMSTRONG, PH.D . .. .•••. • .. . •. . . . . . • . . ... . Directo1· of the University Press FRANK M . ANDREWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . ..••.. . Director of Parking, Traffic, and Security ANTHONY S. BRIDWELL, M.A ... • .. . • . . . . . . . . .. .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Development WILLARD J. BUNTAIN, B.S.L. ... ... . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of University Housing JOH:--/ V\T. CALDWELL . . . . . . . . . . . • ...•. ... . . ... • ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . Bursar JOSEPH E. CONRAD, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Alumni Programs FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of University Placement MA URI CE E. EKBERG .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds WILLIAM C . FLAHERTY, A.B . .. .. ... . .• .. . . . . . . . . . .. . Director of Transportation Center ELLIOTT E. FOSTER, LL.B., C.P .A .•.... .. ..•... .. ..•.. . Manager of the Chicago Campus KATHAR IN E GEORGE, B.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . University Registrar ROBERT B . HATTER, B.S •... . •..•......•••.. . ... . •.••. . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . Budget Director WILLIAM T. JHLANFELDT , M.A • . . . . . . . . . . •.. . . . . . Director of Financial Aid Department CHARLES L. LONGWELL. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. . •.. . . . ... . Director of Purchases and Stores RICHARD X. NELLI, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Student Finance JOHN F. NORMAN, B.S . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manager of Investment Department JOHN C. SANDERSON , JR. , B.S. , C.E ...... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . Director of Plant Properties SAM H. SARAN, M.S.J . . . . . . . ... . . • . . . . . . . Director of Public Relations and Publications Aux C. SESSUMS, M .A .. . . . . . •.. • . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . Editor of Alumni Publications JAMES M. SLAV IN .. ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . • •.• ... . . . .. .. ...• . Director of Traffic Institute DAVID G. UTLEY, B.A .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . Foreign Student Adviser ALBAN WED ER, J.D . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. .. .•.••... .. ... . . . . . . ... ... University Attorney RAYMOND E. WILLEMAIN, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Personnel JEREMY R . WILSON , M.A ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , • . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . Planning Coordinator Ll' O:--IA BRANDES YEAGER, M.D ...... . ... . . .. ... ... . ..... . . . Director of Student Health LYNDON 0. ADAMS, B.S . . . . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manager 91 �DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries should be addressed to the offices listed below. The post office address, except where indicated, 1s LAw Northwestern University 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 SCHOOL OF Admission ... . ..... .. . . ... . . . .. . .. . . . Office of Admissions General information . . . . Administrative Assistant to the Dean Part-time employment for students .. ...... .. Placement Office or University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall 337 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Placement service for graduates ......... . .. Placement Office Scholarships and loans ... . ...... . . .... Office of Admissions Student bills and fees . ........ . . Division of Student Finance Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore D rive Chicago, Illinois 60611 Transcript of records .... . . ..... . ..... . .. . ...... Registrar 92 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 58 Activities, student, 53 Admission, 60 Admission, graduate study, 78 Alumni association, 85 Application for adm ission, 60 Bookstore, 54 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 89 Campus, professiona l, 13 Case method, 24 Classes, typical schedu le, 21 Classrooms, I 4 Coif, Order of the, 74 Coon, Owen L. , Library. 16 Corporate Counsel Insti tute, 48 Courtroom, 16 Criminal Law Program, 48 Curricu lu m , 29 Degrees, 77 Degrees, graduate study, 79 Direc tory for correspondence, 92 Doctor of Juridical Science, 79 Examinations, 73 Expenses, 64 Facilities, student, 19 Facu l ty. 7 Faculty, nature of, 23 Fees, 65 Fellowships, 80 Financial arrangements, 66 Financia l assistance, 68 Fraternities, 55 Gary, Elbert H., Library, 16 Grades, 73 Graduate study in law, 78 Heal th service, 59 Honor code, 53 Honors and prizes, 74 Hours of cred it, maxim u m amount, 29 Instruction, course of, 20 Instruction, method of, 24 Internationa l Legal Stu dies, Program of, 48; fe llowships, 80 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science., 52 Junior Bar Association. 53 Juris Doctor. 78 Law and the Social Sc iences, Program in, 49 Legal clinic, 28 Legal publi cations, 51 Library, 16 Linthicum Foundation Program, 44 Loans, 73 Location of Law School, 12 Master of Laws, 79 Mayer, Levy, Hall, 14 McCormick, Robert R., Hall , 14 Moot Court, 52 Northwestern University Law Review, 51 Officers, University, 7 Philosophy from Law Conferences, 49 Placemen t, 83 Police Advisor Program and Fellowships, 82 Practice courses, 27 Pre-legal study, 63 Prizes, 74 Problem method, 26 Rebates to Faculty, staff, and instructors, 67 Refunds, 66 Register of colleges and universities, 87 Requ ired courses, 28 Residence, student, 58 Rose n t ha l Lectures, 42 Schedu les and hours, 89 Schola rsh ips, grants, and financial assistance, 68 Seminar rooms, 15 Seminars, general discussion, 27 Staff, 8 Student activities, 53 Student deposit account, 67 Student hea l th service, 59 Student wives, 55 Summer Session, 62 Th ree-year cu rriculum, exp lanation, 22 Tradi tions, JO Tra nsfer applications, 62 Trial Tech nique, Tria l Practice, limited enro ll ment, 29 Tu i tion , 64 Tu ition, grad uate study. 80 W ithdrawal and refunds, 66 �J\(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO J (hildrm's ...Mtmorial Horpital 2~ mi. by ".(' I j N,_tw j .(ibrary i l GTI ul 111 1 SUPEIUOI\ STREET HURON STREET OHIO STREET [HI[tA(jO I. WARD MEMORIAL BUILDING 2. WIEBOLDT HALL 3. L.\ \\' SCHOOL QUADRANGLE 4. THORNE HALL !i . ABBOTT H ALL 6. PATTERSON MEMORIAL BL~C. (PASSAVANT HOSPITAL) 7. WESLEY HOSPITAL 8. VETERANS AOM IN JSTRAT ION RESEARCH HOSP IT AL 9. MORTON MEDICAL R ESEARCH BUILD-I NG JO. EAST WING OF MONTGOMERY W ARD BUILDING 11. DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM ~-~-:~~~-=.-:°! -----ELEVATED LINE$ aus. LINES JACKSON BL VD . .(a Sall,~ Station (jrand (mtral Station rl . I 'D,arbarn s,a;io11 Iii FIELD M usEUM SOLDIER FIELD UM ADLER PLANETARI SHEDD AQUARIUM \b 'MIL£ 15vur1t �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston : Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston : Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston : Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, or four-year program omitting cooperative work assignments, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engineering. For information regarding any undergraduate School of the University, write to the Director of Admissions, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201. GRADUATE SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago : Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Business Administration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degree of Juris Doctor. By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-eight months. Also advanced study and research leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine; degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine granted after completion of first year. Also programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, and Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. EVENING DIVISIONS-Evanston and Chicago: Evening studies leading to certificates in Arts and Sciences and Business; and programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Education, and to the Arts and Sciences degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in Education and Arts and Sciences. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago : Summer courses for graduate and undergraduate students in Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, Journalism, Law, Music, and Speech. For information regarding any other School of the University , write to the Dean of that School. �\.. ��lo--' c.o en CJ"1 I I--' c.o en O") • --1 :::c rn C/) (""") :::c 0 0 r- 0 -,-, r- ::t> :E • ::z 0 ::::0 --1 :::c :E rn C/) --1 rn ::::0 ::z c:: ::z < rn ::::0 C/) --I -< � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1965-1966</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXV, no. 17) for the 1965-1966 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1965-1966 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 March 29 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Vol. LXV No. Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois. Secc Chicago Ill. BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEM IC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS CONTENTS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN THE LAW SCHOOL Location Professional Campus Law School Buildings Classrooms Seminar Rooms Courtroom Library Student Facilities Faculty Offices THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Classes Three Year Curriculum Methods Instruction Case Method Problem Method Seminars Practice Courses Required Courses Course Load Limited Enrollment Curriculum Supplemental Programs Rosenthal Lectures Linthicum Foundation Program Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Philosophy Law Conferences THE STUDENT BODY Legal Publications Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Honor Code Student Activities Recreation Social Activities Student Wives Student Residence Student Health Service THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM Admission Transfer Summer Session Pre Legal Study Tuition Fees Expenses Scholarships Grams Financial Assistance Examinations Grades Honors Prizes Degrees GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Admission Graduate Study Degrees Tuition Fees Expenses Graduate Fellowships International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor PLACEMENT THE LAW ALUMNI AssOCIATION REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX . Research . Class . Pub . OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. Roscoe MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAMS. KERR fRANKLIN M. KREML WILLIAM C. BRADFORD JOHN A. D. COOPER ARTHUR T . ScHMEHLING JoHN RITCHIE ERIC E. BERGSTEN JOHN E. CooNs HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST JOHN P. HEINZ FREDE. INBAU JAMES C. KIRBY VANCE N. KIRBY KuRT LIPSTEIN BRUNSON MACCHESNEY WILLIAM M. McGovERN NATHANIEL L NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH MRs. WALTER A. JR. WILLARD H. PEDRICK JAMES A. RAHL HARRY B. REESE WILLIAM R . RoALFE VICTOR G. RosENBLUM DAVIDS. RuDER HowARD R. SACKS DANIEL M. SCHUYLER KURT SCHWERIN FRANCIS O. SPALDING JoN R . WALTZ NEIL G. BLUHM VANCE N. KIRBY WILLIAM M. McGOVERN HARRY B. REESE V cTOR G. RosENBLUM HowARD R. SACKS ROBERT A. SPRECHER JoN R. WALTZ ZEAMORE A. ADER PAUL J . BOHANNAN WILLIAM W. BRADY JoHN J. CROWN KARL DE ScHWEINITz ALEX ELSON JEFFREY A. FILLMAN RAY GARRETT ROBERT F. HANLEY HENRY W. KENOE JULIAN A. MILLER WALTER V. SCHAEFER RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JOHN M. TEEVAN JAMES R. THOMPSON ERNEST S. WoLF ANDREW LONGMORE WILLARD H. PEDRICK FRED E. INBAU Journal Criminal Law JAMES R. THOMPSON MARVIN E. WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS DIANA M . DENISON MARY E. LOGAN JoAN F. VogT MARYL DONAHUE MILDRED F. MITCHELL GAIL L GARTNER JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS IRENE S. BERNSTEIN DoRIS D . DODGE HAZEL Y. BROWN KRYSTYNA . OBUCHOWICZ JESSIE L BROADNAX ELIZABETH SELTZER ELIZABETH L SIMON SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI LIBRARY STAFF KuRT SCHWERIN ELAINE E. TEIGLER DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH RoMAN SAJEWYCH Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN DAVID R. BRYANT IDA M. OLSON ETELKA VAJDA MARTA M. PRYJMA ELIAS VYTANOVYCH SELMA KRAHN ESTHER Y. QuIROL MARIA C. CHASE JoHN W. CAMPBELL HAROLD K. REEVES JEROME MENEZES LAW STUDY Where Jaw Jaw ... David Dudley Field Law School . AT NORTHWESTERN School Law . Law School . Professional . Early Law School . Today Northwestern . School. Law School . Those . Instruction Faculty . School . Law School . . Northwestern . LecL . School . Long Law School . integraLed . With University Law School . . . . . Sir William Searle Holdsworth Law School . Unlike . . More School . . Professional . There . There . . LOCATION Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. To Grant Park . To Gold Coast . Near . A Chicago Loop . Here . Law School United States Court Appeals. Situated Law School . Frequent . PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS Law School Northwestern University. Surrounding Law School Graduate School Business Administration Medical Dental Schools. Also Thorne Hall Abbott Hall . Living . Twelve University Evanston . Law School . Physically Law School . University . Outstanding Law School . Bounded Lake Michigan Law School . LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street. Levy Hall Elbert H. Gary Library . Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library School . lime Gothic English . Law School . Bordered Faculty . Law School . Medallions . Some Dean John H. Wigmore United States England Continent School . . Both Robert R. McCormick Hall . CLASSROOMS Law School . These . . . Such Northwestern. . . . Lincoln Hall British House Commons . . SEMINAR ROOMS Law School . Here Faculty . . Notable School Wigmore Room Dean . Installed Wigmore Counsellor Chorus Law School Dean Wigmore . MacChesney H . Williams Room . Frank Hill Thatcher Seminar Room . COURTROOM School . Of Getz Courtroom . LIBRARY . Law School. Northwestern Law School Elbert H. Gary Library Owen L. Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street . Western Chicago . More . . . Included . . . School . To Faculty Faculty . . . During School . United States Great Britain Commonwealth English . Anglo American . English . Student . Study . More £ . European Japan Latin American . Furthering . . Holdings . Roman . Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. . Law School University . A Hardy Scholars Treasure Room . These . Many . A Western Hemisphere. . They . Although . A . . To . Comfortably . STUDENT FACILITIES . To Law School . Lounges Levy Hall . Lowden Hall School Illinois Law School. Its . On . . A Law School . Here . Each . These School . Separate . Junior Bar Association Law R Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Student Book Exchange S.J.D. . FACULTY OFFICES Law School Faculty . Law School Faculty . . THE COURSE [Here ] . . . ... . Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School . OF INSTRUCTION Law School . . Anglo American . . Rather . Human . Law . Every . Effective . Reflecting Law School . . Beyond . . . . CLASSES Law School . Class . Two . Time . . Law School . Some . Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. . Today Torts . Property . Criminal Law . Contracts . . Law School . . Within . So Labor Relations Taxation Administrative Law Civil Rights Trade Relations Law School . Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Comparative Law International Business Transactions . THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern . Beginning Law School . By . During . Here Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law. . A Faculty . Some . . . . A . Lawyers . Law School . . An Law Industrial Society Corporations Labor Relations Trade Relations . Problems . University . Faculty. Small . Faculty . FACULTY Law School Faculty . Each . Many . Their . Such . School . THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION . . To Northwestern Law School . First Law School . . Seminars . Instruction . School . Law School . . THE CASE METHOD . Law School . . . . Through . Although Casebooks Law School Faculty . . Under . . Northwestern . Socratic . Questions . . Through . Although . . From . With . Since . With . . THE PROBLEM METHOD Law School . Here . . . Perhaps . Perhaps . . Consultative Faculty School . Characteristically . those . Discussion . . . Nor . Often . SEMINARS Opportunities WOl . Here . Faculty . . Emerging . And . Experts . Often . With . Some Law School . PRACTICE COURSES One American . . . pract . Law School . Prominent Legal Clinic. Northwestern . Under Clinic Faculty . Clinic . . During Moot Court. Practicing . Faculty . . . . . Most . To Law School . . . REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor . Law Review Seminar Accounting Professional Responsibility Legal Clinic Law School Law R International Law. Although Faculty . COURSE LOAD Courses opm Faculty . On . LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Technique Trial Practice Introduction Litigation . School Trial Technique Trial Practice Introduction Litigation . CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS * MR. HAVIGHURST . Havighurst Cases Materials Law Contracts . . . CRIMINAL LAW MR. INBAU MR. HEINZ Concepts . Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice . . • . LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND METHODS MESSRS. SPALDING HEINZ ADER LONGMORE AND RAZZALL A . Written . Materials . PROPERTY MR. SCHUYLER MR. COONS Introduction . Historical . Fraser Cases Readings Property . . TORTS MR. PEDRICK MR. SACKS Protection . Green Malone Pedrick Rahl Cases Torts. . SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP MR. SPALDING MR. SHAPIRO Consideration . Latty Frampton Basic Business Associations. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. NATHANSON MR. J. KIRBY . Barrett Bruton Honnold Constitutional Law Cases Materials . CONTRACTS II MR. HAVIGHURST . FUTURE INTERESTS MR. SCHUYLER Future Shelley . Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests. MOOT COURT MR. SPALDING MR. RAZZALL . Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School Faculty . Appellate . TORTS II MESSRS. RAHL SACKS AND WALTZ . Additional Green Malone Pedrick Rahl Cases Injuries Relations. ACCOUNTING SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY Principles . Not . ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM . Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Gel! Byse Problems Administrative Law. CORPORATIONS MR. RUDER MR. FILLMAN Relations S.E.C. Baker Cary Cases Materials Corporations. CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE MR. WALTZ Structure . R Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Field Kaplan Materials Civil Procedure Mr. Waltz . . DECEDENTS EST ATES AND TRUSTS MR. RITCHIE MR. McGOVERN Intestate . Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Deceden Estates Trusts . . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE Training Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago West Madison Street . Topics . Legal Aid Bureau . . Mimeographed . Open . Required . SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE e . COMMERCIAL LAW MR. BERGSTEN Sales . Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Farnsworth Cases Negotiable Instruments Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition. EVIDENCE MR. WALTZ MR. HEINZ . Morgan Maguire Weinstein Cases Materials Evidence. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION MR. PEDRICK MR. V. KIRBY Federal Estate Gift Taxes . Pedrick Kirby Problems Cases Materials Federal Estate Gift Ta . A Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE . REAL EST A TE T RAN SACTIONS MR. COONS MRS. NETSCH Transfer . Nla . SEMINARS Second . . THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Moot Court Board Mr. Waltz. . . After . An Judge Julius H . Miner Moot Court Society . School National Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Team . New York City. ADMIRAL TY THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. MAcCHEsNEY General . Jurisdiction . \ Stum Cases Materials A • . DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS \ R. NEKA A . Federal Bankruptcy Act . Moore D Creditors R Cases Materials. FAMILY LAW MR. NEKAM . Jacobs Goebel Cases Materials Domest£ Relations . . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION MR. PEDRICK MR. V. KIRBY . Pedrick Kirby Problems Federal Income Taxation Surrey Waren Federal Income Taxation Cases Materials Student Tax Service. INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION MR. CROWN . Classroom . LABOR RELATIONS MR. J. KIRBY NLRB . Cox Bok Cases Labor Law . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. SACKS Essential American . 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PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Instructor Announced Studies Patent Office . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. SACKS . RESTITUTION MR. McGovERN . SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE MR. lNBAU . Scientific . TRIAL PRACTICE MR. HANLEY . SEMINARS Analysis Solution Selected L Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary . ! Illinois . Antitrust Law MR. RAHL MRS. NETSCH Advanced . Trade Relations . Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Socities MR. NATHANSON MR. RosENBLUM Intensive Bill Rights. Particular . Reference . Comparative Law MR. LIPSTEIN An . Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Advanced . Examination . Stress . Prerequisites Corporations Federal Income Taxation Securities R . Assigned . Criminal Evidence Seminar MR. ! NBAU Selected . Estate Planning MR. P E DRICK . Int Comparative Antitrust Law MR. RAH L MR. B ERGSTEN Study American European Common Market U Kingdom Fra Germany . Trade R . Labor L MR. J. KIRBY Collective . Participation Labor R . Law So ]\!JR. CooNs MR. SCHWARTZ An . Mimeographed . Law Industrial Society MESSRS. 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