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4 10 118 https://plrccollections.org/files/original/52d3a85645a9e472e14d2bddec3e99b3.pdf 9044e2b063b462c4e4b7b294d30135e3 PDF Text Text NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN THE SCHOOL OF LAW 1969-1970 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Volume LXIX July 1969 Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. Number 5 Issued twice in June, four times in Jul y, and once each in August, September, October, December, March, and April. These publications in clude nine catal ogs and three class sc hedules issued by the University. Publications Office, Evanston, 1llinois 60201. �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1969-70 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago, Illinois �The Law School buildings form a quadrar.gle in a park-like setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-yet scarcely more than a half mile from the Loop . �C O NTENTS W h ere to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ca len dar ......................... . ..... . . .. . ... . .... . .. . .... . 5 Officers, Facu lty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 The School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 The Co urse of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 The L ife of the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Admission, Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid . . ................ . .. 73 Gradu a te Stu dy: Admission a nd Fellowships . . . . .. . .. . .... . .. . ... . 87 The Sch ool a nd Its Alumni .. . ........... . ....... .. ... .. . ....... 90 R egister of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 In dex ... .. . . . . . .. . ... ....... ... ... .. . ........... ........ . .... 96 ?viap of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside back cover 3- �WHERE TO WRITE For expeditious handling, address mail to the Law School as follows: ADMISSION to the regular session for students seeking the J.D. degree -Applications, including applications to transfer -Request for forms or information -Supporting transcripts and recommendations FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE information and forms for candidates for the J.D. degree Office of Admissions ADMISSION to Summer Session for those already enrolled in a law school REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS covering work completed at the Law School ADMISSION to Graduate Study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS l Committee on Graduate ) Studies PLACEMENT of students and graduates Placement Service OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Law Alumni Association Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 6061 l For HOUSING information, write: Manager Abbott Hall 710 North Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �CALENDAR FOR 1969-70 1969 SEPTE~TBER 9 SEPTEMBER 11 NOVEMBER 26 Tuesday, 8:30 a.m. Registration and orientation for new students Thursday, 8:30 a.m. T,-Vednesday, 5:30 p.m. Classes begin Thanksgiving recess begins Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume 111 onday-Friday Registration for spring semester Friday, 5 :30 jJ.m. Saturday, 10:00 a.m. Christmas recess begins 5 Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume JAKUARY 9 Friday, 5:30 p.m. Classes close JANUARY 12-2 1 JA:-iUARY 26 Monday-Wednesday Monday, 8:30 a.m. Second semester classes begin Saturday, noon Spring recess begins Monday, 8:30 a.m. Mon day-Frida)> Classes r esum e Friday, 5:30 p .m. Wednesday-Friday Classes close Saturda)> One Hundred and Twelfth Annual Commencement Tu esday, 8:30 a.m. Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin DECE\IBER l DECEMBER 8-12 DECEMBER 19 DECEMBER 20 Open House for prospective law students 1970 JA:'\ UARY APRIL 4 APRIL 13 APRIL 20-24 MAY 15 MAY 20-29 Ju;-;£ 13 SEPTEMBER 8 Examination p eriod Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Examination period SEPTEMBER 10 Thursday, 8:30 a.m. NovEi\rnER 25 Wednesday, 5:30 p.m. Thanksgiving recess begins NOVEMBER 30 Monday, 8:30 a.m. Classes resume DECEMBER 7-11 DECEMBER 18 Mon day-Friday Friday, 5 :30 fJ.m. Christmas recess begins Registration for spring semester SCHEDULES AND HOURS C lasses are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:3-() a.m. and 5:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m. to 11 :00 p.m. Monday through Friday, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:45 p .m. on Saturday, and from 2:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday. 5 �OFFICERS, FACULTY , AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LLD., Sc.D., Chancellor of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Provost of the Un iversity WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M. KREML, LLB., Vice-President-Planning and D evelopment ROLAND J. HINZ, M.A., Vice-President for Student Affairs and Dean of Students ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Vice-President and Controller WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D ., Associate Dean of Faculties and Dean of the Summer Session Emeritus HARRY L WELLS, B.S., LLD., Vice-President of the University LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., D ean a nd John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D., LLB., Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Law NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law KURT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Librarian and Professor of Law LEWIS F. TRELEAVEi , B.A., M.A., Assistant Dean FACULTY JoHN H. BECKSTROM, B.A., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law ROBERT W. BENNETT, B.A., LLB., Assistant Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A. , PH.D., LLB ., Associate Dean and Associate Professor of Law ROBERT D. CHILDRES, B.A., LLB., B.C.L, Professor of Law ANTHONY A. D'AMATO, A.B ., LLB., PH.D., Assistant Professor of Law KARL DE ScHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Economics a nd Law THOMAS L EovALDI, B.S., LLB., Assistant Professor of Law NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J .D ., LLM., Assistant Dean a nd Assistant Professor of Law STEVEN GOLDMAN, A.B., LLB., Ass istant Professor of Law IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D ., Professor of Law JAMES B. HADDAD, B.A., J.D., LLM. , Assistant Professor of Law CLARK C. HAVIGHURST, A.B. , J.D ., Visiting Profe:sor of Law, second semester 1969-70 HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus Joirn P. HEINZ, A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law fi �JORDAN JAY HILLMAN, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law VANCE N . KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Pro(essor of Law ,I\TILLIAM J. MARTIN, B.A., J.D., Assistant Professor of Law ,I\TrLLIAM M. McGovERN, JR., A.B ., LLB., Professor of Law EDWARD A . MEARNS, JR., B.S., LLB. , Professor of Law NATHANIEL L NATHANSON, B.A., LLB., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law JoHN C. O'BYRNE, A.B., M.S., LLB., Professor of Law JA'-lES A. RAHL, B.S. , J.D., Professor of Law and Director of Research, on leave of absence second semester 1969-70 HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law JOHN Rnc1-1m, B.S., LLB. , J.S.D., Dean and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law vV1LLIAM R. RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus DAvro S. RUDER, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law DANIEL M . SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Sociology and Law KuRT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Professor of Law and Librarian FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of absence second semester 1969-70 Joi-.- R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Pro(essor of Law LECTURERS ZEA1lORE A. ADER, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar PETER J. H. BE1 TLEY, B.A., M.A. (Cantab.), Lecturer on International Business Transactions PAUL J. BoHANNA •, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology ,I\T1LLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting GEORGE M. BuRDITT, A.B. , LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law JOHN A. DIENNER, JR., B.S., LLB., M.P.L , Lecturer on Patent Law and Practice ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Clinic HoN. OTTO KERNER, A.B., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on State and Local Government BEVERLY'"'· PATTISHALL, B.S., LLB ., Lecturer on Trademarks and Copyrights '"' ALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.D., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on Judicial Process HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Corporations and Partnerships .Jo1-1N M. TEEVAN, B.A ., J.D., Lecturer on Selected Legal Problems i\fERRILL S. THOMPSON, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Food and Drug Law TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1969-70 MARGARET H. FRAILEY, B.A., J.D. Jo1-1N A. T. vV1-11TMORE, B.A., B.C.L (Oxon.) 7 �ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION DOUGLAS G . BROWN, B.A. NICHOLAS BULL, B.A. FREDERICK S. BURSTEIN, B.A. JAYNE A. CARR, B .A. BARRY E. COHEN, B.S. ROBERT G. FOSTER, B.S. SUSAN B. JORDAN, A.B. JERRY E. KUGELMAN, A.B . LEONARD SINGER, A.B. ANDREW M. STROJNY, B .A. MARVIN D. TRUHE, B.S. STEVEN N. WOI·IL, B .A . PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J .D., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern Universi ty Law Review FRED E. INBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARVIN E . WOLFGANG, PH.D., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal L aw, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Man ager of Legal Publications AIDA R. GRISWALD, Secretary PATRICIA R. VARGO, Secretary MAXINE BERRY, Typist-Clerk ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF MARILYN B. CoHN, Assistan t Deans' Secretary DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant JANE T. DUNNE, International Legal Studies Secretary CHRISTINE M . FINN, Facul ty Secretary JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Secretary of Admissions RHEA W. KESSLER, B.A., Placement Secretary GENEVIEVE JOHNSON, B.E., Secretary to the Dean AMELIA A. LASHOK, Faculty Secretary BERNICE F. LE BEAU, B.S., R esearch Secretary MILDRED F. MITCHELL, Law A lumni Secretary MARY H. MYSLEWIC, Faculty Secretary KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary FRANK J. PLAZA, Assistant, Reproduction Departm e nt ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary LILLJAN L. SKOUROS, Faculty Secretary JANET M . SMITH, Assistant to the R egistrar BETTY E. THEISEN, Faculty Secretary ANN E. THOMAS, B.F.A., Admissions Office Assistam JoAN F. VOGT, Registrar RICHARD F. WIECZOREK, Head, Reproduction Department ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Receptionist and General Assistant 8 �LIBRARY ST AFF K URT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN L.S., PH.D ., Librarian ELAJNE E. TEIGER, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department ROMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR. JURIS, M .A. IN L.S., H ead, Classification and Cataloging Department GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, LLB., Head, Book Selection LILIANE LEVY, LICENSE EN DROIT, Head, Foreign an d I n ternational Law Sections DoROTl-lY KLOFKORN, B .S., Acquisit ions Libraria n ESTHER L. ANDERSON, Secretary ETELKA VAJDA, B.A ., rvI.A. IN L.S., Assistan t i n R eference and Cataloging MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR. JURIS, M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger MrLADA WEBER, D R. JUR., M.S. IN L.S., Cataloger JOHN V1T. CAMPBELL, R eference Assistant in Charge of Stacks MARIA C. CHASE, R efer ence Ass istant i n C h arge of Circulat ion SELMA KRAHN, Ca taloging Ass istant EDWARD J. R owAN, B.S., Librar y Ass ista nt EuGEN JA W ERES, Ca taloging Ass istant MARIJA KovACEVIC, Ca taloging Assista nt RENE R . DE R ouGOMONT, L ibrary Assista n t DIRECTORS OF PROGRAMS CRAIG W. CHRJSTENSEN, B.S., J.D ., Director, N a tio n al Institute for Educa tion in L aw a n d Po verty GA RY S. L ASER, B.B .A., J.D., Assista nt to the D ean a nd Direc tor of Clin ical Educa tion WAYNE W. SCHMIDT, B.A., J.D., Operatin g Director of th e P ol ice L egal Advisor Program LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC STAFF GARY S. L ASER, B.B .A., J.D., Director NA1'CY L. H ESKETT, Secre ta ry BoN1'1E R . WINSTON, Secretary 9 ��The garden within the Law School Quadrangle, showing portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960. The top of Abbott Hall, the student residence, rises at upper left. The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Management and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, Abbott Hall, the eighteen floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, and hospitals which are members of the orthwestern U niversity Medica l Center. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, wh ere the main body of about 6,500 undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students are enrolled, is twelve miles north in suburban Evanston. The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students for cultural activities, athletic events, and interdisciplinary seminars and contacts, is the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the Univenity's current $180 million program of improvement. The First Plan is the initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The second phase 13 �will be based on the report of a faculty committee delineating the University's needs beyond 1971 for both the Evanston and Chicago campuses. The $ 11.6 million Northwestern University Library, key academic facility of the First Plan, will be in use in 1970. Other facilities already completed or in process of construction include the Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, Rebecca Crown Center, the O.T. Hogan Biological Sciences Research Building, and ten acres of new lakefill which will be the site of the Norris University Center and an $18 million Center for the Fine and Performing Arts. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a quiet garden. In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,5 00 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. ·w igmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. A c la ss in Strawn Hall. �.. , ,vhere there is a rbitrary power, there is n o occasion to stu dy the Jaw; when th e law begins to reign , its teachers and practicers come forth ... " - David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century the School of Law has been dedica ted to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the high est standards of academic a nd professional excellence. This dedication marks the ch aracter of the Law School today. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School h as always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change in the law. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing, with less than 500 students seeking their first degree in law. A facu lty of substantial size permits a close working relationship between student and teacher, fostering professional training of the highest order a nd the development of each student's unique ca pabilities. II �" . . . these noble buildings, des igned for one of the noblest uses to wh ich any building can be put-the teaching of law.·• - Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, .June 16, 1927. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near th e center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science, and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. 12 �A corner of Li nco ln Hall. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often mu ch smaller. Su ch classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. Here meet the seminars of the second and third years, numbering typically from ten to twenty students, seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. 15 �For practice a nd instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School h as a full y equipped modern courtroom . Complete with witn ess stand, jury box, counsel tables, and sea ting for spectators, it accommodates not only mock appeals but full-scale practice trials . LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The librar y with its associa ted research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Nor thwes tern Law School Library consists of two buildings, integra ted physica ll y and administered as a unit, the E lbert H. Gary Library a nd the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a fu ll side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Stree t and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original co llection and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in l 960, is nam ed in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation. With about 270,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest law school libraries in the Western Hemisphere. More important than Open stacks and ample working space make the library a comfortable and convenient place in which to study. �size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The Law School Library collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws 17 �of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable are the \,Villiams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LL.B., 1903). The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, 18 �The Cutler Browsing Alcove . a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. LIBRARY FUNDS In addition to general University appropnat10n, the Law School Library is supported by a number of special endowments. The major endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E. Crull (LL.B., 1909). In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore Fund was established. In 1960, Barnet Hodes (LL.B., 1921) established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965 established the Herbert 19 �Dacks Memorial Fund in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks. In 1968, the Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and Walter H . Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political science and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression-and for moments of relaxation, however brief. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the study area provided on the fourth floor of Levy Mayer Hall. Here are rooms accommodating four to ten persons each, ideally suited to individual study or informal discussion and review sessions. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities conducted under student auspices and control, including the officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law Review, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the Student Book Exchange. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meeting between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are 20 �accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. All law students residing in Abbott Hall belong to the Law Residents' Association. The purpose of this organization is to bring together the law students living in Abbott Hall and to provide social activities. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and table tennis are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring ma ttresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not furnished. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) The plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott H all is shown below. 18 17 The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The average room rate for the academic year is 21 �$400 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. Students do not sign board contracts. The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. The average daily cost of meals is $3.50. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January I, and April I. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 6061 I. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for married students. Apartment rentals average $ 130 a month, including utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service for students of the Law School registered for six or more semester hours is located in the Montgomery ,!\Tard Building, Room 2-009, of the Medical School. Medical services and hospital insurance available are described in the Student Health Bulletin each student receives upon registration. The Clinic is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student Health bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at the Passavant Memorial Hospital. 22 �"[Here the] teaching will . .. give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before the ir eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details. " - J ustice Oliver Wendell Holm es, at the dedication of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning 23 �beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him . CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that clay is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early clays in the law, and even these traditional subjects have al tered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Con tracts today finds itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. ·w ithin the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the forma24 �Professor meets informally with students after class. tive years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. 25 �Class discussion in Booth Hall. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling l 75 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual de26 �os10ns of courts, embodied in written opm10ns rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceecling, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the lawyers and judges wh<i> conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional life-think, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. V1Tith the interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are 27 �seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and, since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. Most college students, accustomed to student-teacher dialogue only in quite small groups, find it difficult to imagine vigorous discussion in a class of eighty or ninety students. Although they may not fully understand why such discussion is possible until they themselves become regular participants in the process, they are welcomed and encouraged to arrange with the Admissions Office to visit one or two classes at the Law School to see the process in action. The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising le!sal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows . Practice Courses Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day wfaen there were no 28 �law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time, and is now developed in the course known as Practice Clinic. In this course, students study legal problems of the poor and then serve in the Northwestern Legal Aid Clinic under the supervision of faculty members. The Clinic handles all types of civil cases, and the student is given practical experience and faculty instruction in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents. The student also assists the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and conduct of trials. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education . For a more complete description of the Clinic, see page 71. During his first year the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professonal standards and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student under courtroom conditions before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. Seminars Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields . Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across tra29 �ditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. Some designated seminars place special emphasis on the developiment of writing skills by requiring the submission of a preliminary and a revised draft of such a paper. Students, other than those who gain similar experience on the staff of the Law Review or Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, are required to take one such seminar or program of Senior Research. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the nation's highest courts. Senior Research Program The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced for the first time in 1966-67. Under this Program a student with faculty approval may elect to devote a significant proportion of his third year (from 4 to 8 credit hours) to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. A student interested in this Program may propose during his second year a project for faculty approval and arrange his schedule to include the Law School courses and seminars which provide the necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford him the intellectual experience of plumbing a subject to its depths; of sharpening his power of analysis, observation and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources: other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The Program is flexible enough to permit, with careful advanced planning and approval, even work in other parts of the nation or the world. The faculty participants in the Program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal in order that they may devote more 30 �time to parallel research and to the joint discussion and critique necessary to take the inquiry beyond the bounds of traditional seminar work or individual study projects. Indeed, in many cases, work in the Program is expected to grow into a joint, cooperative student-teacher research undertaking, more significant not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to the longer established group learning techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the Program promise significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The Program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making regular contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. The most recent revision of the School's curriculum was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1969, and is described later. During his first year of law study the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and Research and the Laboratory Seminar in Procedure meet typically in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in dealing with them are brought under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a modest degree 0f concentration by the student wishing it. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further 31 �exploration of a field in a new context. Thus, for instance, criminal procedure may be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar or commercial law may be studied in the Legal History or Comparative Law seminars. But perhaps most significant is the opportunity offered to sample a wide variety of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. The School's policy of offering most courses in two sections meeting at different times and often in different semesters practically insures that, with advance planning, the student can include in his schedule virtually any combination of elective courses he wishes in his last two years. REQUIRED COURSES In order to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete successfully 90 semester-hours of work including the following: All first year courses The course in International Law A program of Senior Research or one seminar designated as requiring the submission of a preliminary and revi~ed draft of a final paper. (Students participating in the work of the Law Review or Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science are relieved of this requirement.) Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar or Trial Practice can be accommodated. 32 �CURRICULUM Course offerings are summarized here by semester. A more detailed description of eac11 course and seminar follows . COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hours First Semester Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Laboratory Seminar i11 Procedure Legal Writing and R esearch . . . l Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Credit Second Semester Hours Constitutional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Law a nd Social Change . . . . . . . . 3 Legal Profession .. .......... . . Moot Court I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sales a nd Secured Transactions. . 3 Torts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Credit Hou rs First Semester Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law I . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Debtor-Creditor Rel at ions . . . . . 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and G ift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . . 4 International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Labor Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 L egal Profession .. . . ....... .. . Practice Clinic .. . ............ . Public and Private Control of Land Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Trademarks, Trade Identity, and Copyrights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Tr ial Practice ............... . Credit Hours Second Semester Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Business Plann ing . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law II . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Criminal Law Administration 3 Decedents' Estates and Trusts II 3 Equity, Restitution , and Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Estate and Gift Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal Income Taxation . . . . . 4 Federal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Insurance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Legal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Patent Law a nd Practice . . . . . . 2 Practice Clinic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Race Relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Scientific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . l Securitie3 Regulation . . . . . . . . . . 3 State and Local Government . . . 2 Trial Practice .. ............. . 33 �SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All seminars carry 2 credit hours except as indicated. Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills are indicated by (W). First Semester Second Semester Advanced Business AssociationsPartnerships Advanced Legal Writing (W) African Law Antitrust Law and Policy (W) Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies (W) Criminal Appellate Advocacy (W) Economic Development, Political Modernization and the Law English Legal History Estate Planning Food and Drug Law Government and Land (W) Law and Society State and Local Taxation Tax Policy (I hour) Analysis and Solution of Selected Legal Problems Consumer Protection, Credit Sales and Poverty Corporate Management (W) Criminal Appellate Advocacy (W) Criminal Evidence Crimin al Law-Current Problems (W) Economic Analysis and Public Policy Estate Planning (W) Fiduciary Administration (W) International Business Transactions International Organizations Introduction to Civil Law Jurisprudence (W) Labor Law (W) Law and Criminology (W) Organizational Problems of Minority Group Enterprises Problems in Taxation of Business Income Real Estate Development R eg·ulated Industries (W) SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Senior Research Program projects can be scheduled for either semester. Interested studen ts should consult the rules and regulations governing the Program, available in the General Office of the School. 34 �COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CO NSTITUTIO NAL L AW Second Semester Course (4 h ours) MESSRS. D 'AMATO, NATHANSON T he judicial role in co nstitution al inter p reta tio n; p rocedural fund amentals of co nsti tu tio n al litiga tio n ; distributio n of powers between federal a nd state governm ents; th e powers a nd limita ti ons of Congress a nd th e Pres idency; state regul a tio n a nd the n a ti o nal eco nomy; rights of th e individual co nfro nted with go vernm e ntal regul a tion , including the co nstitutio n al g uara ntees o f p erso nal a nd political freedoms, social privileges, a nd property ri gh ts. Dowling a nd Gunth er, Constitutional L aw : Cases an d Ma teria ls (Mr. D 'A mato); ma teri als to be a nn o un ced (Mr. Na th a nso n). CO NTR ACT S Cou rse (4 h ours) First Semes ter MESSRS. BECKSTROM, CHI LDRES Study of co ntract doctrines a nd their use in the judicial p rocess; an introdu ctio n to co ntrac t r emedi es; bas ic ma teri als o n th e fo rm atio n, perfor mance, a nd discharge of co ntracts, inclu d ing certa in aspec ts of thi rd party ben eficiaries, ass ig nme nt, impossibility a nd fru stra tio n, co nditio ns and th e Statute o f Frauds. Co ntrac tu al asp ects of th e law of age ncy. Emphasis throu ghout o n th e U niform Commercial Cod e. Fuller and Brau ch er, Basic Con tract L aw (Mr. Beckstrom) ; Dawson a nd H arvey, Cases an d Mat erials on Contracts (2d ed . 1969) (Mr. Childres) . CRI MINAL LAW Course (3 h ours) First Semester MESSRS. H EINZ, I NBAU Co ncepts, sources, class ificatio ns, a nd limita ti o ns of the crim in al law; specific crim es, including murder, ma nslaughter, ra p e, sex u al assault, larce ny, embezzlement, fa lse pretenses, a nd robb ery; doctrin es of criminal resp onsibil ity including th e defe nse o f m ental impairment; un completed crimin al co ndu ct a nd crimin al combin a tions. Inbau, T hompso n, a nd Sowle, Cases and Comments on Crim inal Justice (3d eel.). L ABORATORY SEMI NAR IN PROCEDU R E Course (1 hour) First Semester i\ifESSR. BECKSTROM, BENNETT, C HAMBERLIN, D 'AMATO, GARLAN D, GOLDMAN, H ADDAD, INBAU, MARTIN, McGovERN, MEARNS, MRs. NETSCH, MR. SPALDING In trod uctio n to litigatio n procedure through a nalys is, in small grou ps, of records o f selected civil a nd crimin al trials. 35 �LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Second Semester Course (3 hours) MR. MEARNS An examination of the relationships between the legal and social orders with emphasis on the law as a process and on the way in which law both responds to and helps bring out social, econom ic and political change. Certain concrete problems which presently challenge the legal order are considered, attention being given to the resources law possesses in facing these problems as well as to an understanding of law's limitations. LEGAL PROFESSION Course (1 hour) Second Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM, EovALDI An examina tion of some of the problems co nfronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term "practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take (conflict-of-interest situations, the "guilty client, " the " unjust cause"); r estriction s on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client ; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline ; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Required of all students. Countryman and Finman, The Lawyer in Modern Society (1966) (Mr. Eovaldi) ; materials to be announced (Mr. Beckstrom). LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH First Semester Course (1 hour) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, MRS. FRAILEY, MR. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in groups of 5-7 with an Assistant in Instruction ; individual tutorials approximately every fortnight with a Teaching Associate ; occasional lectures and discussion meetings of the full class. MOOT COURT I Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, , i\TmTMORE Course (1 hour) The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. PROPERTY Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GORDON, SCHUYLER Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents 36 �of each; landlord and tenant problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Sh elley's case; doctrine of worthier title; ori gin of equi tab le interests and the foundat ion of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and R ::adings on Property (3d ed.). SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course (3 hours) Second Semester See description for Commercial Law IL MESSRS. CHILDRES, GORDON TORTS I First Semester MESSRS. ME,\RNS, RAHL Course (3 hours) Protection of personality, property, and relational interests aga inst physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and un fair competition; liabi lity of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revea led in the disposition of tort cases. Gregory and Kalven , Cases on Torts (Mr. Mearns) ; Green, Pedrick, R ahl, Thode, Hawkins and Smith, Cases on Torts (1968) (Mr. Rahl). Continued in the second semester; 6 hours credit fo r the year. TORTS II Cou rse (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. BENNETT, WALTZ See description for Torts I. Materials to be ann ounced. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars p lacing special emphas is o n the development of wr itin g skills are indicated by (W). ACCOUNT! G First Semester MR. BRADY Course (1 hour) Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accou nt ing. A prerequisite for Corporations I, except for those students who have received college credit for 3 semester-hours of accounting. Amory and Hardee, Materials on Accounting (3rd ed.), Faris, Accounting for Lawyers. AD MINISTRATIVE LAW Course (3 hours) First Semester MESSRS. BENNETT, NATHANSON A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process in both federal and state governme nts, including the constitutional framework wi thin which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative discretion in the development of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; the requirements of fa ir hearing as app lied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of judicial review of adminis trative decisions. Jaffe and Nathanso n, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials (Mr. Nathanso n) ; materials to be anno un ced (Mr. Bennett) . 37 �ADMIRALTY Course (3 hours) Second Semester J\!JR. iVIAcCHESNEY General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien , carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision , and the limitation of liab ility. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PA RTNERSHIPS Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation , operation, and dissolution of partnerships. Use of partnership in small businesses. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Materials to be announced. ADVANCED LEGAL WRITING First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING Seminar (W) (2 hours) A seminar afford ing a variety of opportunities to improve writing and editing skills, requiring neither legal memoranda nor briefs, but essays on legal subjects, accurately discussed in good, plain English. Ed iting experience through criticism of papers written by first-year students in the Legal Writing and Research course. Enrollmen t limited to those selected as Assistants in Instruction . AFRICAN LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. NEKAM An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state and th e interest this offers to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary law and its admin istration, questions of consti tutional law and the law of conflicts, the impact of foreign concepts and values. ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIO OF SELECTED LEGAL PROBLEMS Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis on the written solutions of contemporary problems taken mainly from Illinois law. ANTITRUST LAW First Semester MRS. NETSCH Course (4 hours) MR. C. HA VIG HURST Second Semester Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; ant itrust law concerning problems of co nsp iracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economi c power, patents, boycotts, excl usive arran gements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, un fair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Governm ent R egulation of Business (1963); Rahl, Cases and Mat erials on Antitrust Law (1969) (mimeographed) (Mrs. Netsch); materials to be annou nced (Mr. Havighurst). ANTITRUST LA·w AND POLICY Semin ar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. RAHL Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; selected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas; considera38 �tion of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories for particular problems. BUSINESS PLANNING Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. SHAPIRO Advanced problems in corporation finance, including corporate distributions, recapitalizations and reorganization. Examination of problems in financing businesses, with corollary reference to securities law and taxation. Prerequisite: Corporations. Materials to be announced. CIVIL LIBERTIES IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES Seminar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. NATHANSON Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference to comparable problems in other democratic societies. CIVIL PROCEDURE I Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ Structure and organization of the fed eral and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Louisell and Hazard, Cases on Pleading and Procedure, and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz). CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course (2 hours) Second Semester See course description for Civil Procedure I. MR. REESE CIVIL RIGHTS Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. D'AMATO Study of the legal problems of the American Negro, with particular emphasis on the current protest movement and civil disorders as well as on recent civil rights legislation. Discussion of problems of equal opportunity in schools and housing. COMMERCIAL LAW I Course (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, GORDON The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments) , particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; modera ting effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks 39 �and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection process; introduction to documents of title as a type of negotiable instrument controlling the disposition of goods. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materia ls (2d eel.); Uniform Commercial Code, Text and Comment ed. COMMERCIAL LAW II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. GORDON Sales and cred it transactions in personal property: the title concept, allocation of risk, remed ies of buyers and sellers; traditional and modern devices for creating security interests in personal property with particular attention to Article 9 and other applicable provisions of the Un iform Commercial Code. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials; Uniform Commercial Code, Text and Comment eel. COMPARATIVE LAW 1oT OFFERED IN 1969-70 Seminar (2 hours) An analysis of some proposed uses of the compara tive method in law, with special emphasis u pon the usefulness of such method from the point of view of better understanding one's own legal method. CO FLICT OF LAWS First Semester MR. MACCI-IESNEY Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. NEKAM A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and prac tice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of courts. R ecommended for third year students. Materials to be announ ced (Mr. MacChesney) ; Cheatham, Griswald, Reese, and Rosenberg, Cases on Confiict of Laws (Mr. Nekam) . CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. EovALDI An exam ination of the legal, economic, historical and social setting for the sales of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. T h e course examines the installment credit sale process, legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collectio n process. CORPORATE MANAGEMENT (offered in 1969-70 only) Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. C. HAVIGHURST Description to be announced. CORPORATIONS Course (4 hours) First Semester MESSRS. GOLD:V[AN, RUDER A study of the common law, statutory (state and federa l) and aclministrative framework for the operation of the moclern corporation. Consideration 40 �will be given to problems of organization, distribution of power, fiduciary relationships, issuance and transfer of securities, the common and distinctive characteristics of various types of securities, corporate distributions, organic change and remedial procedures. The growing impact of federal regulation and the expanding role of the Securities and Exchange Commission will be emphasized. Materials to be announced. CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar (W) (2 hours) First and Second Semesters lVIESSRS. HADDAD, MARTI1 Research and briefing of criminal appeals pending in the federal and state appellate courts. Visits to local appellate courts to h ear arguments in ass igned cases and lect ures from appellate practitioners and judges. CRIMI 1AL EVIDENCE Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. INBAU, MARTIN An examina tion of the trial processes of a criminal case. The semin ar will foc us on ana lyses of investigatory reports, the preparation of witnesses, the selection of a jury, direct and cross-exam in ation, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony and arguments to the court and jury. Mimeographed materials. CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course (3 hours) Second Semester MR. HADDAD A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice, Vol. II (3d. ed.) CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. HADDAD, INBAU, MARTIN A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS Course (3 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, wage deduction, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquidat ion; a comparison of the relative availabil ity and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the ge n eral public. Special attention will be given to the impact upon low-income persons of the various collection devices available to creditors and the effectiveness of present and proposed laws designed to protect debtors. Materials to be announced. 41 �DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I First Semester MESSRS. McGovERN, RITCHIE Course (3 hours) Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extri nsic to a will or deed ; contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (3d ed.). DECEDENTS' EST ATES AND TRUSTS II Course (3 hours) Second Semester MESSRS. McGOVERN, SCHUYLER Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers of appointment and the rule against perpetuities; introduction to fiduciary admin istration . Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (3d ed.). ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ Economic and legal aspects of the policies industrial societies use to influence the growth and stability of income, the concentration of economic power, and the external balance of payments. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ The economics of development and the economic and political problems confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in facilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political order. ENGLISH LEGAL HISTORY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. McGOVERN A study of the growth of the royal courts administering common law at th e expense of feudal and communal jurisdiction and the later growth of equity with particular reference to actions to recover land. The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, extension, and transformation of trial by jury. Consideration is given to the various sources of law and legal change, such as custom, precedent, and legislation, and to the effect of changing social and economic conditions on the development of the law. Mimeographed materials. Students may either take an examination or write a paper. ESTA TE PLANNING Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. KIRBY Second Semester (W) MR. McGOVERN A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Income Taxation. 42 �EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND DAMAGES Second Semester MR. CHILDRES Course (3 hours) A functional study of the law of form and measure of relief, including the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The law of damages, restitut.ionary remedies both legal and equitable, and other equitable remedies. Childres, A Survey of Equity, Restitution and Damages (1969). EVIDE 1CE Course (3 hours) MR. GARLAND First Semester MR. WALTZ Second Semester The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. Louisell, Kaplan, and Waltz, Materials on Evidence. FAMILY LAW Course (3 hours) MR. NEKAM First Semester MR. BECKSTROM Second Semester The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel, Cases and M.aterials on Domestic R elations (3d ed.) (Mr. Nekam); Foote, Levy and Sander, Cases and Mat erials on Family Law (Mr. Beckstrom). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. KIRBY MR. O'BYRNE Second Semester An introduction to the statute law of federal taxation. This course, which deals with the impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of property transfers during life and at death, should ordinarily be taken before the course in Federal Income Taxation and the seminar in Estate Planning. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems and Mat erials in Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed) . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION First Semester Course (4 hours) MR. O'BYRNE Second Semester MR. KIRBY The federal income taxation of individuals, trusts, estates, partnerships and corporations; the impact of income taxation on family property arrangements and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies. The course is ordinarily taken in the junior year, especially if the student plans to enroll in tax, estate planning or business oriented seminars, or senior research in his senior year. Materials to be announced. FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal 43 �courts; n ature of the federal judicial function ; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in fed eral courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and 11. Hart and Wechsler, Th e Federal Courts and the Federal System; The judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester iVIR. O'BYRNE An advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts. FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MESSRS. BURDITT, THOMPSON A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws, and the legal and practical problems associated with their application and administration. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law. GOVERNMENT AND LAND Seminar (W) (2 hours) First Semester MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the us e of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain , zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, r egulation of private credit institutions. JNSURANCE LAW Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. CHAMBERLIN Basics of insurance law including the principl es of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk transferred from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc.) ; recovery by insured notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, esto ppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims; and governmental regulation and sponsorship of insurance. Keeton, Basic Insurance Law. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. BENTLEY International trade policies, problems and institutions; problems of doing international business; protection of industrial property; regulation of restrictive practices; trade restrictions; business organization and taxation. Assigned readings and special materials. INTERNATIONAL LAW Course (2 hours) First and Second Semesters MR. iV!AcCHESNEY An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and invest- 44 �ment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. INTERNATIONAL LAW-COMMON MARKET Seminar (2 hours) NoT OFFERED IN 1969-70 A study of the law and institutions of the Atlantic Community with particular reference to the Common Market. Term paper. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of the Atlant ic Area. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS MR. NATHANSON Second Semester Seminar (2 hours) A seminar concentrating on the institutional, constitutional, and administrative problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies constituting the United Nations family. Attention also is directed to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development on a world-wide scale. Sohn, Law of the United Nations, and mimeograph ed materials. INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. J URISPRUDENCE Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. 1EKAM Problems connected with the nature of the Jaw, its purpose, its origin and development. Legal values; the idea of justice; n atural Jaw; sanctions. LABOR LAW Course (4 hours) First Semester MR. HILLMAN A survey of the development and operation of the legal fram ework for the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment. The modern labor union will be variously viewed as a concentration of economic and political power, as a participant in the managerial process, and as a quasi-public institution as regards its relationships with its members and the general economy. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative and judicial power in the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict will be examined. Summers a nd Wellington , Cases and Materials on Labor Law. LABOR LAW Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HILLMAN Selected issues in the formation and administration of public labor policy. Emphasis will be given to an examination of the consistency of national policies governing collective bargaining, including limits on recourse to self-help, through a comparative study of the administrative and judicial implementation of the 45 �National Labor Relations and Railway Labor Acts. Prerequisite: Labor Law course. Materials to be announced. LAW AND POVERTY Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. EOVALDI Second Semester MR. BENNETT An examination of the special relationship between law and the status of poverty. One primary focus will be upon those private law problems having a special impact upon poor persons. Examples include problems faced by the poor as litigants and as consumers of real and personal property including the use of installment credit. Another focus of the course will be upon legislative attempts to alleviate the condition of poverty. Finally, the course will focus on methods of legal redress for discrimin ation against the poor in the formu lation or administration of governmental programs ostensibly having no special relation to poverty. Examples include the provision of municipal services. Materials to be announced. LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HEI ' Z Consideration of the determinants of society's action m labeling something "criminal," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them from it; consideration of each of the several stages in a criminal proceeding as a "decision process"; and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal lawi.e. whose values the criminal law expresses. LAW AND SOCIETY Seminar (2 hours) First Semester MR. SCHWARTZ An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social science theory and research. Mimeographed materials. LEGAL PROFESSION Course (I hour) First Semester Second Semester See description under "First Year Courses." MR. EOVALDI MESSRS. BECKSTROM, EOVALDI ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF MINORITY GROUP ENTERPRISES Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. RUDER This seminar will be devoted to organizational and related legal problems of minority group enterprises. Study will be made of three general enterprise related areas: I) Selection of the legal form by which such enterprises should operate, including preparation of sample documents; 2) Investigation of the sources of funds available to finance minority group enterprises, including both private and government sources; and 3) Analysis of possibilities for group legal services and other forms of legal assistance in the organization and operation of minority group enterprises. Study will also be made of the organization and operation of community groups, such as buying cooperatives. Emphasis will be 46 �placed upon the economic problems of the Chicago Black community, and field research into practical problems will be encouraged. Materials to be announced. PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. DrnNNER Historical development of protection of ideas, inventions, and discoveries; patentability; securing the patent; amendment and correction of patents; infringement remedies, defenses, and procedures. Smith, Patent Law Cases, Comments and Materials. PRACTICE CLINIC Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters MR. KENOE Training in client counseling and interviewing, emphasizing clinical work at the Legal Aid offices after some classroom work. Legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases ; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. Clinical element of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid clients. Guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Freeman, Legal Interviewing and Counseling and mimeographed materials. PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations, and partnerships. An exploration at both the corporate and shareholder levels of the tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation, and mergers. The taxation of other forms of doing business contrasted therewith. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE First Semester Course (2 hours) Description to be announced. MR. SPALDING RACE RELATIONS Course (2 hours) Second Semester MRS. NETSCH An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting minority racial groups. Emerson, Haber, and Dorsen, Political and Civil Rights in th e United States, Vol. II (student ed.); Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders; supplemental materials. REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar (2 hours) Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN Analysis of selected legal and business problems involved in land acquisition, construction and permanent financing, development, and disposition (sale, exchange, and syndication) of a planned unit development. Materials to be announced. 47 �REGULA TED INDUSTRIES Seminar (W) (2 hours) Second Semester MR. HILLMAN A consideration of selected problems relating to the economic regulation of several industries subject to varying degrees of administrative control as "regulated monopolies" (e.g. rail, other surface and air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, electric power and banking) ; the> public policy goals of regulation; the effectiveness of the administrative process in furthering and balancing these goals; and the extent to which the roles of competition and antitrust regulation remain relevant and operative in these fields. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law, Antitrust Law and Corporations. Materials to be announced. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course (1 hour) Second Semester MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participating as guest lecturers. SECURITIES REGULATION Second Semester MR. RUDER Course (3 hours) Intensive examination of the securities law field, including state and federal regulation. Registration and reporting requirements for corporations, brokerdealer and stock exchange regulation, regulation of mutual funds and other investment companies, civil liabilities for violation of securities laws, and the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation; additional materials to be an nounced. ST ATE AND LOCAL GOVER.NM£ IT Course (2 hours) Second Semester MR. KERNER, MRs. ETSCH Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental confl icts. Mandelker, Managing Our Urban Environment; supplemental materials. STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Seminar (2 hours) First Semest~r MR. O'BYRNE Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state and local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes, and death taxes. Hellerstein, State and Local Taxation (3d ed.). TAX POLICY Seminar (1 hour) First Semester MR. KIRBY An advanced seminar in federal taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the federal tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and development, their administration and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for reform and the possible future legislative revision. Restricted enrollment. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation. 48 �TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, A D COPYRIGHTS Course (2 hours) First Semester MR. PATIISHALL The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. The principles of copyright protection, the statute, and its interpretation by the courts. Cases and Materials on Trademarks, Trade Identity and Copyrights (mimeographed). TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First and Second Semesters MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of p'.eadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a circuit court judge in lieu of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. TRIAL PRACTICE Course (1 hour) First Semester MR. WALTZ Selected problems in litigation , both civil and criminal. Special attention on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements, and closing arguments. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intenti~n and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions in the discretion of the instructor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's 49 �capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. HONORS AND PRIZES In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence, thus begun in the School, is reflected today in the long list of awards and prizes given in recognition of superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding IO percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the North western University Law R eview is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The student Board of the Journal of Criminal Law, like the Board of the Law R eview, is selected upon the basis of scholastic standing and competitive writing for publication in the Journal. Election to the Journal board is a significant academic honor. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually 50 �to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund of $ 15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the Law of Local Government. The first prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key, is awarded to the student who has prepared the best paper on this subject. The second prize is awarded for the second best paper. It consists of approximately $200, a certificate, and a key. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $ 1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F . CAREY A WARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. 51 �LA WYERS TITLE FOUNDATION A WARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and prize of $ 100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN J URISPRUDENCE A WARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annua lly. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the member of each class at the School who has made the most significant contribution toward overall scholarship. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law W eek is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a three-volume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses. INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES A choice of one of the Institute's most recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A twenty-five dollar certificate to be used at any Institute course is awarded to each of two students selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty 52 �Between Classes. as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on page 32. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study on pages 60-61. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total edu cational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recogni ti on of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public respons ibility 53 �which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others ar e offered as part of established and co ntinuing programs within the School. The most notable of th ese continuing programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent a nd beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which h as assumed a position in th e for efront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford U niversity. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal H istory b y Macmillan. In 1928, An tonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chi ef Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The L egal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931, J ean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles W arren, author of "Th e Supreme Court in United States History" and numero us o ther historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale H amilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, H enry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title Th e Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of L aw at H arvard University. These lectures were published under th e title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures cove,ring the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures 54 �was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In I 948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law" ; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a vol ume under that title by Little, Brown and Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a vo lume under the title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown and Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown and Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co. In I 952-53, the fo llowing lectures were give n : "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Colum bia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard U niversity, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai , Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations, " by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume 55 �under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcl iffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "Th e Law and Its Compass," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern Universi ty Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract, " published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by Doubleday and Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Brit ish Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern U niversity Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton Un iversity, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale Un iversity. This series has been published as a volume by the Northwestern Un iversity Press. In March, 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the Faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press. In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U . S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press. In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," to be published as a volume by th e Northwestern University Press. 56 �THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established 111 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 191 5, and one of the most emin ent patent lawyers of his clay. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and comm erce. }'rom time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and Europ ean authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation h as sponsor ed a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrel ationships of law, econom ics and government. Among the particular subject areas wh ich have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic a nd industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use and European Common Market development. Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists and public officials as John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N . Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, th e late Adlai E. Stevenson and W. Willard Wirtz. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION IN LAW AND POVERTY In June of 1967, the National Institute for Education in Law and Poverty was established under the Law School's sponsorship. With the founding of the Institute, the Law School added a dramatic new dimension to its continuing legal education efforts. The primary audience for this program is the 2,000 lawyers who provide legal representation for the poor in Office of Economic Opportunity Legal Services Programs across the country. The National Institute operates under a $700,000 per year grant from the Office of Economic Opportunity. The purpose of the National Institute is to develop continuing legal education programs and materials for the poverty lawyer, comparable to those already developed in other areas of the law. The National Institute seeks to bridge the chasm which sometimes exists between the world of scholars and the world of practitioners, to offer materials which are consistent with the best standards of research and yet sensitive to the practical problems of the neighborhood lawyer who serves a host of indigent clients, and to supply the scholarship and the arguments needed for su ccessful test cases. Just as there cannot be effective legal representation of businessmen without representation of their business organizations, primarily corporations, so too there cannot be effective legal representation of th e poor without representation of their organizations, community development corporations, consumer groups, etc. Building an effective lawyer-cl ient relationship with an organization of the poor involves special problems and challenges for the lawyer's versatility, exp ertise, and skill in human relations. The National Institute's program places a major stress on the philosophy and techniques of skillful group representation. The Institute's program for 1969 focuses on three areas of special concern to the poor: housin g law, economic development and the equalization of gov57 �ernment and quasi-government benefit programs. A series of conferences is being cond ucted on the first two subjects for Legal Services attorneys and others with a professional interest in the legal problems o[ the poor. The latter subject will be treated in a month-long Colloquium for a select number of the most experienced Legal Services attorneys in the country. The literature of poverty law is largely yet to be written. To help fill the scholarsh ip gap, the National Institute has published the first editions of a Handbook on Consumer Law and a companion volume, the Handbook on Welfare Law. New and expanded editions of both are being published in 1969, and a third volume, the Handbook on Housing Law, is being added to the series. Each Handbook contains a selection of originally researched articles, practice papers, and other materials to aid the poverty law practitioner in both his day-to-clay work and in his test case law reform efforts. A major purpose of Northwestern University in founding the National Institute is to provide a way to introduce its law students to poverty law, a rapidly growing practice area of vi tal importance, both to the poor and to the just and orderly development of our society. In connection with the Institute, a seminar in Poverty Law has been added to the Law School curriculum. To a select number of students interested in poverty law, the National Institute is also able to offer part-time positions as research assistants. Through the seminar in Poverty Law and through their participation as research assistants, students will not only grow in knowledge of the legal problems confronting the poor, but also will develop and fortify a lifelong professional commitment to the solution of these problems, many o[ which, in the final analysis, are but the residue of society's neglect. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Annual Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations and the Institute of Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar Association. The two clay program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. Over six hundred lawyers attended the most recent Institute. Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners, members of corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published. Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge. Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM In addition to the basic courses and the seminars m Criminal Law and Criminal Law Administration, the Law School offers substantial action-oriented training for students, and particularly graduate students, who have a particular interest in the practice of criminal law or in legal ass istance to law enforcement agencies. By virtue of a recent grant from the Ford Foundation, the Law School established a two-year program for the tra ining of law school gradu ates interested 58 �rn careers as crimin al law practitioners, either as prosecutors or defense co u nsel. (A n earlier but now ex pired gra nt from th e Ford Founda tio n - for the fiv e year p eriod 1958 to 1964-m ade possible one year fellowships for gradua te students interested in either th e practice or th e teachin g of crimin al law.) T h e r ecipi ents of the prosecutio n-defe nse fell owships sp end one year in residence a nd one year in a prosecuti o n or defe nse office, a t th e end of which time the tra inee is eligible for an LL.M. d egree. The a nnual stip ends, tax free, ra nge up to , 7,000 plus tuition and fees . From the same Ford Found a tio n grant funds, summer internships are availa bl e to a substa ntial number of fr eshma n a nd junior law students who h ave a special inter es t in the practice of crimin al law. The interns are assign ed for a summer 's work in a varie ty of crimin al justi ce age ncies (e.g. prosecutio n office, office of publi c d efender or priva te defe nse co unsel) . T he stipe nd fo r the summer is $ 1,200. T h e training of law school gr adua tes to b ecom e police legal ad visors is a no ther o n e o f the School's criminal law p rojects. It too was made possible b y gra nts from th e Ford Founda ti o n, on e in 1964 a nd a nother in 1968. U nd er the initial Poli ce Legal Advisor Program, the poli ce legal advisor trainee spent o ne year in r esiden ce a nd o ne yea r in the field, ass ig ned to a selected metropolita n p olice dep artm ent, a t th e e nd of whi ch time h e b ecame eligible for a n LL.M. d egree. A number of the graduates are now holding hi gh r a nking positi o ns in the field of law en fo r cement. T he n eed a nd d ema nd for p olice legal advisors throughou t th e co untry warra nted a n accelera tio n o f the training p eriod a nd th e p eriod o f training h as bee n redu ced to one semes ter in r esidence a nd, in some cases, six mo nths in the field. A p artiall y tax-exe mpt stipe nd ra nging up to $850 a month, plus tuition a nd fees, is available. No gradu a te degree is offered, h owever. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES T h e Ford Found a tion award ed $200,000 to the L aw School fo r th e expansion of its progr am in Intern a tio nal L egal Studies in 1957. T h e School's early inter es t in the field is manifested by its substa ntial and seasoned library collecti o ns in for eign a nd internation al law a nd b y its lo ng sta rtdin g r equirement tha t each student take the basic introdu ctor y course in Intern a ti on al Law. In fu rthera nce of its program , the School has offer ed courses a nd seminars in Intern a tio nal Business Tra nsactions, Intern a ti o nal Orga ni za tions, Comparative Law, Admiralty, a nd Common Market. T h e funds of the gra nt ar e used for addition al fa culty a nd for visiting fo reign professors, a nd th ey support gr adu a te fellowships fo r for eign lawyers a nd students. Oth er p ortion s o f the funds ar e d evo ted to work-seminars a nd co nfere nces in the fi eld o f intern a ti on al law. More in fo rm a ti on o n gr adu a te fellowships in In tern atio nal Legal Studi es appears on p age 88. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES T he Russell Sage Fo unda ti o n awarded approx ima tely $2 10,000 in 1963 to th e Law School an d th e Gradu a te School . of th e U niversity for a three-year progr a m o f interdisciplinary study a nd r esear ch in law a nd the social scien ces. 59 �In 1966, the grant was r enewed for an additional three years, in an amount of over $250,000. One purpose of these grants is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behaviorial sciences to the understanding and improve ment of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplin es. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School of L aw (see p age 81). The Saga Scholars in the Law School ordinarily are exp ected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research ac tivity and in the editing of the Law and Socie ty Review, which has a student board of editors and contributors. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, Class of 1958, a series of conferences und er the ge neral title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September, 1963. The obj ective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purposes of attempting to distill from the disciplin e of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man 's understanding of himself and his society. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semester60 �hours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may in its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research . They are given the rank of graduate Fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. 61 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860 . THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL A well seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows . The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 500 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among students. The beginner himself is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad . 63 �Public figures, including alumni, are frequent visitors to the School and participants in its programs. Mr. Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court ponders a hard question in the final round arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Hon. Otto Kerner '35, Judge of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals and former governor of Illinois, chats with students in Lowden Hall. Tom C. Clark, former Justice of the United States Supreme Court, confers w ith Judge Latham Castle '24, Chief Judge John S. Hastings of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, and student participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the Faculty until his appointment by President Kennedy to the Labor Department , addresses a Law School gathering . �Arthur J. Goldberg '30, former Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court and former Ambassador to the United Nations, crosses the Law School garden with Dean John Ritchie. Mr. Justice Thurgood Ma rs ha 11 of the United States Supreme Court reads brief in robing room prior to hearing arguments of the Miner Moot Court competition. Mr . J u st ice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court prepares for an appearance at the Law School. �Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. One hundred and thirty-six colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 95). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law R eview, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Law R eview is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative professio,nal journals, written, edited, and published by men who have not ret achieved professional status, is unique. "\,York on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, students of the highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Several more students are selected shortly before beginning their second year on the basis of a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law Review editors are sought and pre66 �Coffee hour in Lowden Hall. £erred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fact that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law Review participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Law Review participation is hard work, which requires the members to return several weeks before school begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the academic year. One day each spring is reserved for a Law Review student-faculty softball game and a dinner program caricaturing the foibles of the professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. This Journal, with a world-wide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous publication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its editor-in-chief and managing director. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. The student board of the Journal, like the editorial board of the Law Review, is chosen from among the highest ranking students at the end of the first year of Law School work and bears responsibility for 67 �preparing and editing the case abstracts, notes, and comments appearing in the student section of the Journal. Although several law schools have so-called "intramural" law reviews in addition to regular published journals to broaden opportunities for student participation in work of this kind, the availability of a second published periodical for student work is rare, if not unique, especially in a moderate-sized school. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire sudent body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding- judges for final arguments include former Asrnciate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School, Class of 1930) and Associate Justices Bryon R. White, Tom C. Clark, Potter Stewart and Thurgood Marshall of the Supreme Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists. Arcade outside the Placement Office. �A snack and chat in the basement lunchroom. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from .the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the honor code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The honor code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the 69 �students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of special note that this system has been chosen by the students and that students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal recepti0ns are held fequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual conversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student leadership through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association takes a leading role in planning and conducting the annual orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. The varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable trammg in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each year a number of second and third year students are selected to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the Faculty. These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for 70 �the opportumt1es they afford for close part1opation m the ongoing scholarly work and publications of the Faculty. VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES Recent developments in the law requiring expanded representation for indigent criminal defendants, and the recent proliferation of voluntary and charitable agencies providing legal services in civil matters to members of disadvantaged groups, have greatly increased the numbers of opportunities open to students to give voluntary service from which both satisfaction and valuable experience can be gained. For example, the School has provided a Legal Clinic Program since 1910, and as of February, 1969, the School, with the assistance of grants from the Council on Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure, has established its own office located at the Law School, known as the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic. The Clinic provides legal services to persons who are patients of the medical and dental clinics operated by Northwestern University. Law students may serve in the Clinic under the direction and supervision of the Clinic's staff attorneys and may assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, the preparation of pleadings and other legal documents, necessary legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for and conducting trials. Other opportunities for such voluntary participation by law students are facilitated by the School's excellent location in a major urban center. Outlying offices of the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities accept law student volunteer services, as do other agencies such as the Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center, a group of young attorneys who practice with law firms in Chicago and who volunteer their services to needy residents of the near north side of Chicago. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. A program of intramural athletics offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the Uni71 �versity's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization o( the wives of Law School students. A substantial number of the student body are married. At the social gatherings of the Law Wives, the student's wife can visit with faculty wives, discuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and attention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 72 �"Mr. Hoyne says that he h as confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tui tion fees are to be $ 100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. ADMISSION, TUITION, FEES , AND FINANCIAL AID Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in America and from abroad. In recent years there have been five or more applicants for each place in the entering class. As a private institution Northwestern must rely principally upon tuition income and gi fts from alumni and others to meet the not inconsiderable expenses of maintaining the facul ty, library, and other facilities of a law school of the first rank. Fortunately, a substantial portion of the gifts made to the University and the Law School is available to provide financial assistance to students in need of it. ADMISSION The admission policies of Northwestern University are not predicated upon any consider ation whatever of race, color, or creed, but completely upon the competence of the individual. Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. 73 �Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant is asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree, unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern's Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administerd by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, is supplied with the admission forms. The test may be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations on forms furnished by the School from two college or university instructors. The application fee is $15. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. Ordinarily if the School is in session, arrangements can be made for the visitor to attend a regular class session. The School would appreciate the visitor telephon74 �ing or writing in advance to the Secretary of Admissions for an appointment. During the normal college vacation periods, the number of prospective students wishing to visit the School is large. This fact and the large volume of admissions mail and other business in these periods make it almost impossible to give extended personal attention to visitors at these times. The School holds an "open house" during the Christmas holiday and all applicants are urged to visit the School on that occasion. Each year a number of applicants seek personal interviews with the aim of thus enhancing their chances of gaining admission. Although the Admissions staff is always happy to answer questions to the best of its ability, applicants should be aware that decisions are made by the Committee on Admissions and that the only effective way to ensure full Committee consideration of special circumstances is to append a written statement of them to the application form. The Secretary of Admissions is ordinarily available to speak with visitors and can answer authoritatively or secure answers to questions not answered by this bulletin or other printed material. WHEN TO APPLY The completed application form should be submitted by January first. Applications not completed by April first will be considered only if spaces are available. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. Applicants wishing to apply for financial assistance should refer to the information given on page 80. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstaffces are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college, 0r his professors. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $50 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after n@tice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition or fees. 75 �No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $15 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report must be furnished. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. 76 �In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force . English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is b est for law school is also the best in liberal educa tion-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, h abits, a nd circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $3,200 ap proxima tes the total expe nse for the academic yea r of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total about $1,850 is required for tuition , fees, books, a nd supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decad es of his profess ional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interes ts it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each 77 �student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni a nd friends of Northwestern. Tuition for th e academic year 1969-70 is as follow s: Undergraduate Full Tuition First Semester ............................................... . . $862.50 Second Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.50 U ndergradua te Part-time T uitio n, each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester ........................ . . . ... 862.50 Graduate Part-time Tuition, each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.00 Police Legal Advisor Program, each semester (No charge for p eriod of Field Ass ignm ent) ............. . . .. ... . 862.50 Prosecution a nd Defense Program First year, each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862.50 Second year, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.00 R esident in R esearch Fee, each semes ter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each cr ed it-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SG .00 NOTE : A tuitio n increase will be effective for the academ ic year J9i0-71. For those students who first enrolled in th e Law School prior to September 1969, the tuition will be $ 1,890 annually ($945 per semester). For those students who first enrolled in September 1969, or subsequ ent thereto, the tuition will be $2, 100 a nnuall y ($1,050 per semester) . Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergrad uate students. Cand ida tes for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of J uriclical Science (S.J.D.) a nd students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and a re in th eir first semes ter of full-time grad uate work p endin g th eir accep ta nce as ca ndida tes for a grad uate degree are classified as grad uate students. All other stud ents are unclass ified stude nts. Candidates for the S.J.D. a nd LL.M. degrees who h ave clone full -time graduate work at this U niversity for two semesters are charged th e R esi dent-inR esear ch fee unless they take co urs es or semin ars. They are then charged at the rate of $86.00 a credit-hour. U nclassified students in res idence who are neither taking courses or seminars for cr edit nor auditing co urses or seminars are charged th e R esident-in-Research fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the fo llowing academic fees, mostly no n-recurring, are charged: App li ca ti o n Fee . .. .... . ... . ........ ............ .. .... . ............ $ 15.00 (This fee is not transferable a nd is not refundable upo n withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $50.00 is required of all a pplica nts accepted for ad mission including those gra nted fin a ncial assistance. This d e78 �posit is not refundable but is applied as part payment of tuition or fees.) Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . ... .... . .. . .... . ............................... . .. Master of Laws . ................... ......... .. ......... . ... . ... Doctor of Juridical Science ... . .. . . . ......... . .. ... . ... .. . .. ... . Mimeograph Feel First semester . .. .. . . .. . . . . . ..... . . . .... . .. . . .. . ... . . . .. . . . . ... . Second semester ........ .... . ........ . . . . ... . .... . .. . . ... . ... .. . Late R egistration Fee (fo r registering after the scheduled time) . ...... . Change of R egistration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) ... . ..... . . . .. . ....... ..... ............................. . Late Physical Examination Fee .......... . .................. .. . .... . Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . .............. .. .. . . . . . . ...... . .. . .. .. . . Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each ............ . ........ . .. . ..... . 10.00 10.00 10.00 12.50 12.50 5. 00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are du e in the first few weeks aft er the commen cement of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, convenien tly located on the first floor of Abbott H all, r eceives these p ayments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first flo or of Abbott Hall, issues the statemen ts and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available from the R egistrar of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of the term are h eld for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw a fter the first one-fourth of the term and before the middl e of the term are h eld for on e-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the m iddle of the term are h eld for full tuition. R egardless of the time of withdrawal, students are h eld for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same ch arges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the d ate on which the studen t withdrew from classes and fil ed a written withdrawal notice with the R egistrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figurin g any adjustment on tuition. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and gradu ate students in the fo llowing categori es are eligible to apply for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty a nd staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the U niversity; 1 1n many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement ass igned casebooks. This flat charge covers the cost of supplies and labor to prepare such sup plcmenrn ry material. In a few cou rses mimeographed mate rials are prepared by the in structor to replace completely an assigned casebook. In those instan ces where the volume of materia l is substanli al an additional charge (less than the cost of the usual casebook) is made. In neither situation is there any charge made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial ass istanLs spe nt in research, editing, and cutting Lhe stencils for the materials. 79 �(b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern. Information concerning these rebates and application blanks are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before registration each term. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible as,istance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. 80 �MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by wntmg t0 the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion De'ii\Titt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted as early as possible and in any event not later than March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. Information on when to apply for admission appears on page 75. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addi tion to substan tial sums provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of Law Alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law School the following special scholarships and awards are available: Clarion D eWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the neoos of the student, are available for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient with average summ er earnings to enable the student to meet all typical cos ts of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet th e other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by the late Owen L. Coon, Class of 1919, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes th e objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships of $2,7 00 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Founda tion. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students and lawyers of the role of the behavioral scien ces within the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required of candid ates. Fran cis S. Kosmerl Scholarshivs. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of th e Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional trainin~. Preference is given to applicants who have 81 �been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. L ewis Larn ed Coburn M emorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob N ewman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles W einfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education . In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $ 10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $ 10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. 'il\Tare to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow 'il\Tare, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from l 924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius ]. Hoff man Scholarship . A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fimd. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the la te Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financi al assistance. 82 �Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5, 000 established by a bequest in the will of the late ·w ellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5, 000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $52,200 has been co ntributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the la te Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $ 100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $ 10,000 endowment, the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. In 1966, $1,000 was added to the original endowment. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden Vlest of the Class of I 925 to purchase books to be used each year by a male freshman scholarship student in the Law School of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance, who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insuran ce Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of orthwestern alumni employed by the company. 83 �Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M . Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship . The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship . In memory of Ednyfecl H ...Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09\, his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. v\Tilliarns, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability in need of financial assistance . David T. Campb ell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial assistance. H endrik Foloni e Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in l 963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $1 ,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric 84 �Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Robert V. Jones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided annually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, f9r a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October, I 963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. , a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. john H enry Wigmore Honorary ScholarshijJs. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be d esignated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry 'v\Tigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evi dence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The schol arships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer onl y a nominal fin ancial award. Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc., to a worthy student in the Law School wh0 is in need of financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. "\i\Tright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon ·w o Wong made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late husband, Harold Hoon "\!\To "\!\Tong of the Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii selected by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when no award is made, income is added to principal. 85 �L. Shirley Tark Scholarship . The income from a fund of $35,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a student in the Law School selected by the Dean. Iren e V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area. George M. K eane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane. The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years. Katharin e D exter McCormick Funcl. The income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, and Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial asisstance. In 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. 86 �Conference with the Dean. GRADUATE STUDY: ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree m law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is a matter which rests within the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native lang·uage is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. The School's graduate degrees are described fully on pages 60-61. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the •C ommittee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on pages 77-79 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, in87 �eluding books, board and room, , and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should be approximately $2,000. Accomodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957, the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,600 a year is specifically made available for two graduate fellowships for two foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law School Library. For many years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The School has also offered courses and seminars in International Organizations, International Business Transactions, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Common Market. The J ames Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including international legal studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,800. From that amount, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of each fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. Since 1961 , the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. More information on the Program of International Legal Studies appears on page 59. CRIMINAL LAW FELLOWSHIPS For information on Criminal Law fellowships, see "The Criminal Law Program" on page 58. GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies of the Law School. 88 �Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. 89 �In this century four distinguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of La w. The present Dean is John Ritchie who assumed th e post in 1957 . " Old No rthwestern ! That's where we learned our law.·' - " The Counsellor's Chorus," John Hemy Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The bonds formed in the years of study at the Law School are enduring ones. The School through its Placement Service offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in terms of self-realization and contribution. And the School's alumni band together both to keep alive memories and friendships of student days and to provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of Assistant Dean Lewis F. Treleaven. Through general announcements to the profession and particular :inqwnes, the Placement Service gathers information on professional 90 �opportunities and openings. The Placement Service compiles complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prosp ective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. That the bars are overcrowded has been repeated in each generation. But the demand for well trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placem ent Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. A majority of the Law School's alumni are en gaged in the private practice of law. Some h ave chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the b ar in n early every state in the nation and in several foreign countri es. In service to th eir profession as well as their clients, they have occupied th e presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associa tions. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practi ce. Furthering a stron 3' tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with governm ent a t the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commission s, and on the staffs of government departments, these m en are often vested with m ajor responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service many enter private practice, where their experien ce in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, diplomats, mayors, attorney gen erals, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers. The strength of the Iorthwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the p ast seventy years, a Law School alumnus h as been either the ca ndid ate or a strong contender for the nomination of on e of the two major parties. In the judi ciary, Northwestern m en h ave served with di stinction on the benches of the high est courts, both federal and state. For the topra nking st udents, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and j udges of the federa l and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financi al rewards are not great; however, through the years North western , for its size, has con tributed more than its sh are of the nation's law teachers. I ts graduates have joined the facu lties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have 91 �Alumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion. served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities 92 �for advancement in management have combined to draw substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of nersonal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biog-raphical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in cour~e work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. 93 �Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1968-1969 were : OFFICERS, 1968-1969 Regional Vice-Presidents President OWEN RALL, '24 Kansas City First Vice-President DANIEL vVALKER, J. RICHARD '50 FLYNN, Washington '37 '29 New York LAURENCE OLIPHA NT, JR., Cleveland Treasurer L. MILTON NORMAN M. SEVIN, '36 Miami PAUL ZIFFREN, FISHER, '37 HELMER R . JOHNSON, HoN. HERBERT C. PAscHEN, EUGENE KART, '34 San Francisco Third Vice-President Secretary '53 HARRY R. HORROW, Second Vice-President GORDON WINKS, '61 WILLIAM M . BARVICK, Los Angeles '49 '34 '56 '3 8 Immediate Past Presiden t JOSEPH H . WRIGHT, ' 19 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring in 1969 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '33 DWIGHT P. GREEN, JR. , '40 HoN . J u Liu s HENRY w. J. KENOE, '31 DEAN VAIL, .JR., '39 '36 ETTELSON, CRANE C. HAUSER, BAR NET HODES, '24 '4 1 0. KEGAN, '42 '36 '29 '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 ALBERT W. POTTS, ELROY C. SANDQUIST, 94 JAMES T. Ons, '31 '40 '5 1 '33 GEORGE KELM, '38 '15 '6 1 HON. ISIDORE BROWN, '5 4 MILTON A. KOLAR, '67 '39 RUSSELL H. MATTHIAS, T erms Expiring in 1971 PAUL j. FURLONG, '47 ESTHER HORACE W. JORDAN, TIMOTHY C. KLEN K, '40 DAVID M. GOODER, JONES, JAMES C. HARDMA N, '50 '2 1 HoN. SEYMOUR F. S1MoN, PAUL GERDEN, A. Terms Expiring in 1973 HoN . LATHAM CASTLE, L. Ho N. SIDNEY RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF, Terms Expiring in 1970 J E R0\'1E '3 2 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '15 HOFFMAN, ' I\TILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, J. Terms Expiring in 1972 JOHN j. CROWN, '55 '3 2 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES GRADUATES ENROLLED IN THE LAW SCHOOL, 1968-69 Alver no College .... A me rican U ni ve rsit y Amherst College A n tioch Coll ege .. Ar izo n a Sta te U n ive rsity U ni vers ity of Arizo n a . . A ug usrnna College Barnard College Belo it College Bowd o in College B ra n de is Un ivers ity . . Brooklyn College Brown U ni ve rsily . . . . . ........ . .... . ... . Butler U n iversity ... Cal ifo rni a State College Unive rsity of Cali for ni a . Calvin Coll ege . . . . ......... . Carleton Coll ege Carthage College Case -,.Yestem R ese r ve U ni ve rs ity. U ni vers ity o f C h icago C in c in n a ti U ni ve rsity ....... . . . C it y Coll ege of New Yor k . .. .. . . Colga te U ni vers ity Colo rad o College ............. .. . .. . Columbi a U ni ve rsity . ... . . .. . • . .. ... Co rn eJI U n ive rsity .. . D artmout h Co llege ........ . .. . .... .. ... . U n ive rsity o f D ay ton Denison Un iversity . . U ni ve rsi ty o f D e n ver ... .. ..•. .. .. DePa u l U ni vers ity .. D cP a u w U n ivers ity ......•.. .. • .... . . . .. .. Dra ke U niversity ... . .. . .. . . E m o ry U nive rsiLy Fisk Uni versi l y Flo ri da Sta le U ni versi ty F ra nklin a n d ~1Iars h a ll College Geo rgeto wn U ni vers iLy G rinn ell College ............ . H a r va rd U ni vers ity . ... . . . .. . .. . . . . Un ive rsi Ly o f H awaii H ira m Co llege ................•. . . .•.. . ... H obart College Co llege o f th e H o ly Cross H o pe Coll ege Hun ter College ................... . . . Il linois College Ill inois Instit u te of Techn ology I ll in o is State U n iver si Ly Un ive rsity of Ill ino is Ind ian a State Co llege I n d ia n a U ni ve rsiL y U ni ve rsity of Iowa ......... .. .. .. . .. . . Iowa Wes leya n Co llege J o hn Ca rroll U ni vers it y J o h ns Ho pkins Uni, crs ity P o ntifi ca l Coll ege J ose phinum Ka la m azoo College Un ive r siLy of Ka nsas Ken yo n Coll ege Kn ox ColJege L a ke Fo res t College La wre n ce U ni vers iLy Le hi g h U n ive rsity . . Loras College Loyola Un ivers ity (C hi cago) . ....... . . .. . Loyo la U n ive r siLy ( New Orlea n s) Ma n h a u a n ville College .. . .. . . ... ... . ..... . M arq u c n e U ni ve rsity ...... . ..•......•.• . • l l l l 2 2 3 l 2 I 3 I I I I 6 I l I 5 6 I 2 2 I 3 l 8 I 2 4 8 8 5 J I 6 3 5 I I l I I 2 I J l 57 I 3 2 I 3 l I I 3 2 8 3 4 I I 23 I I 7 U ni vc rsiLy of i.Vrassach useus ~1i am i Un iver sity M ichi ga n State U n iversiLy U n ive rsity of Mi chi ga n Midd le b u ry College .......... . . . . . . ... . . Mi lli k in U n ive rsity U ni ve rsi ty of M isso uri Mo nm outh College Un iversity of Neb raska Ne wco m b Coll ege ...........• .•. . ..... Uni ver sit y of New ~1fex ico No rth Cen tra l Co llege .. Nort hern Ill in o is U n iversity .... . . . . . . Nort h eas te rn niversity No rth weste rn U n ivers ity U n iver sity of Notr e D a m e Occide n tal College T he O hi o St ate U n iversily ..... ..• . .. O h io U n ivers ity .. O hi o Wesleya n U n iversity Pen n sylva ni a State U ni versity U ni ve rsity o f P enn sylvania U nive rsity of Pitlsbu rgh . . Prin ceto n U ni vers it y T he Princi p ia College . . . •. . .. . .• . . .. .. Purdue U n ive rsity .. . .. ...... . ..... . .... . Quee ns Coll ege .. Rad cliffe College .. R a n dol ph -M aco n College ...... . . .. . • . • . . . . Uni vers ity of Red la n ds Roose ve lt U ni vers ity .. Rosa r y College .... ..... . .. . Rutge rs-T he Suue U ni ve rsity St. Joh n's College St. J oseph 's Coll ege . ... St. Mary's College St. P rocopi us College ............... . •. . .. San D iego State Co llege Sa n F ra n cisco Sta te College U ni ve rsit y of Sa nla C lara Sm it h College So uLh D a ko ta School of Mines and Techn o logy Sou t h er n Illinois U n iversiLy Su:in fo rd U n ive rs ity Ste tso n Uni vers ity Te m p le U ni ve rsi ty Un iversi t y of Texas Tr in ity College T ufts U ni ve rsiLy ..........•. . .. . . . . 'T ul a n e U n ive rsity Uni o n Coll ege Uni ver sity of Utah ...... . . . . Va lpar a iso Univers ity Va n de rb ilt U ni ve rsi Ly Vassa r Coll ege W abas h Coll ege \i\Tas hi n g ton Un ive rsity W as h in gto n and J e fferso n College \.Yesleya n U ni vers ity \•Ves t Virg in ia U ni vers ity \,Vestmi n ster Co llege W hea ton Co llege .. Wi lli a ms College U ni vers ity of \,V isco n sin Coll ege o f Woos te r ........ . .. . ... . .... ... . Ya le U ni ve rsit y To ta l numbe r o f colleges a n d un ive rsiLies re presen ted l 8 8 15 l I 2 2 2 l I I 2 2 55 20 I 2 I 3 l 6 l 6 I 6 l 3 l I 3 l l l l I I I I l 4 2 l 4 l l 2 2 l l I l I 5 2 2 5 2 2 I I 4 3 13 2 5 ..... 137 9.5 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 13, 20 Academ ic regulations , 49 Admission, 73 application fee , 74, 76, 78 appli cat ion for, 74 graduate study, 87 pre-legal study, 76 transfer, 76 tuition deposit, 75 , 78 visits to the school, 74 when to apply, 75 Alumn i, 90 Attendance, 49 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 5 Classes, 24 Classrooms , 15 Comse descriptions, 35 Course of in struction, 23 Course load , 32 Courses, required, 32 Cu rri culum, 33; three-yea r, 31 Degrees, first , 52, graduate, 60 Enrollment, limited, 32 Examinations, 49 Expenses, 77, 87 Facil iti es, 20 Faculty, 6, 25 Fees, 77, 78 , 87 Fellowship s, gradu ate, 88 Criminal Law Program, 58 International Legal Studies, 59, 88 Police Legal Advisor Program, 59 Prosecution and Defense Program, 58 Financial Assistance, 80; appli cation , 81 Grades , 50 Graduate study in law, 60, 87 Grants, 81 Health serviGe, 22 Honor Code, 69 Honors and prizes, 50 Junior Bar Association , 69 Law Alumni Association, 93; officers and directors , 94 Law study, 11 Library, 16 Library funds , 19 96 Loans, 86 Location , 12 Methods of instruction, 26 case method , 26 practice courses, 28 problem method , 28 seminars, 29 senior research program , 30, 34 Moot court, 68 Officers, 6 Order of the Coif, 50 Placement, 90 Pre-legal stud y, 76 Publications, legal, 66 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology ancl Police Science, 50, 67 Northwestern University Law Rev iew, 50 , 66 Rebates to faculty, sta ff, and instructors, 79 R ecreation and social activities, 71 Refunds, 79 Register, colleges and universities, 95 Research assistantships, 70 Schedule, typical, 24 Scholarships, 80, 81 Sem inars, 29, 34 Senior Research Program, 30, 34 Stud ent activities, 70 Student deposit account, 80 Student residence , 20 Student wives, 72 Supplemental programs, 53 Corpo rate Counsel Institute, 58 Criminal Law Program, 58 Linthicum Foundation Program, 57 National Institute for Education in Law and Poverty, 57 "Ph ilosophy from Law" Conferences, 60 Program of International Legal Studies, 59 Program in Law and the Social Sciences, 59 Rosenthal Lectures, 54 Tuition, 77, 87; payment of, 79 Voluntary legal services, 71 Withdrawal, 79 �:_J 13 c] :J 12 10 11 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 EAST CHESTNUT A I I B C D HJ D EAST HURON G w w :i: I- n~ 0 <( L H EAST ERIE u 7 13 12 11 z K EAST OHIO STREET L 10 9 7 8 6 5 3 2 ,1 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus 1. Abbott Hall (Residence) 2. Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital 3. Heating Plant 4. Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 5. McCormick Hall (Law School) 6. Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Dental and Medical Schools) 7. Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) 8. Passavant Memorial Hospital (Patterson Memorial Building) F2 D8 G3 D4 E5 D6 E7 F7 9. Rehabilitation Institute 10. Searle Build ing (M ed ica l School) 11 . Th orne Hall 12. Vete rans Adm inistration Resea rch Hosp ita l 13. Wieboldt Hall ( Even ing Di visio ns and Gradu ate Scho ol of M anageme nt) L4 E6 E3 H6 E5 Future Prop osed Sites 14. Wom en's Ho spital and Maternity Center of Chicago 15. Rehabilitation In sti tute F6 F4 �Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise, think on these things. PHILIPPI ANS 4:8 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1969-1970</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXIX, no. 5) for the 1969-1970 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1969-1970 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1969 July Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN THE SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Volume LXIX Number Second Chicago Illinois. Issued Jul University. Publications Office Evanston BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop. CONTENTS FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE J.D. ADMISSION Summer Session REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS Law School ADMISSION Graduate Study J.D. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS PLACEMENT OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Placement Service Law Alumni Association Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois HOUSING Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAM S. KERR FRANKLIN M. KREML ROLAND J. HINZ ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING WILLIAM C. BRADFORD HARRY WELLS LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN NORMAN M. GARLAND KURT SCHWERIN LEWIS F. TRELEAVEN JoHN H. BECKSTROM ROBERT W. BENNETT WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN ROBERT D. CHILDRES ANTHONY A. D AMATO KARL DE ScHWEINITZ THOMAS EovALDI NORMAN M. GARLAND STEVEN GOLDMAN IRVING A. GORDON JAMES B. HADDAD CLARK C. HAVIGHURST HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST John P. HEINZ JORDAN JAY HILLMAN FRED E. INBAU VANCE N. KIRBY BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY EDWARD A. MEARNS NATHANIEL NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH JoHN C. O BYRNE JAMES A. RAHL HARRY B. REESE JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM R. RoALFE DAvID S. RUDER DANIEL M SCHUYLER RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ KuRT SCHWERIN FRANCIS O. SPALDING JoN R. WALTZ ZEAMORE A. ADER PETER J. H. BENTLEY PAUL J. BoHANNAN GEORGE M. BuRDITT JOHN A. DIENNER ROBERT F. HANLEY HENRY W. KENOE OTTO KERNER BEVERLY PATTISHALL WALTER V. SCHAEFER HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JoHN M. TEEVAN MERRILL S. THOMPSON TEACHING ASSOCIATES MARGARET H. FRAILEY JoHN A. T. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION DOUGLAS G. BROWN NICHOLAS BULL FREDERICK S. BURSTEIN JAYNE A. CARR BARRY E. COHEN ROBERT G. FOSTER SUSAN B. JORDAN JERRY E. KUGELMAN LEONARD SINGER ANDREW M. STROJNY MARVIN D. TRUHE STEVEN N. WOHL PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH University Law Review FRED E. INBAU Journal Criminal Law MARVIN E. WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN AIDA R. GRISWALD PATRICIA R. VARGO MAXINE BERRY ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF MARILYN B. CoHN DIANA M. DENISON JANE T. DUNNE CHRISTINE M FINN JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS RHEA W. KESSLER GENEVIEVE JOHNSON AMELIA A. LASHOK BERNICE F. LE BEAU MILDRED F. MITCHELL MARY H. MYSLEWIC KRYSTYNA OBUCHOWICZ FRANK J. PLAZA ELIZABETH L. SIMON LILLJAN L. SKOUROS JANET M SMITH BETTY E. THEISEN ANN E. THOMAS JoAN F. VOGT RICHARD F. WIECZOREK ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS LIBRARY STAFF KURT SCHWERIN ELAINE E. TEIGER ROMAN SAJEWYCH GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN LILIANE LEVY DoROTHY KLOFKORN ESTHER L. ANDERSON ETELKA VAJDA MARTA M. PRYJMA MILADA WEBER JOHN W. CAMPBELL MARIA C. CHASE SELMA KRAHN EDWARD J. RowAN EuGENIA WERES MARIJA KovACEVIC RENE R. DE RouGOMONT DIRECTORS OF PROGRAMS CRAIG W. CHRISTENSEN GARY S. LASER WAYNE W. SCHMIDT LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC STAFF GARY S. LASER NANCY L. HESKETT BoNNIE R. WINSTON Law School Quadrangle Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Abbott Hall Law School Northwestern University. Surrounding Law School Graduate School Management Medical Dental Schools. Thorne Hall Abbott Hall University Medical Center. Living University Evanston. Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies Univenity First Plan University University Evanston Chicago Northwestern University Library First Plan Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Rebecca Crown Center O.T. Hogan Biological Sciences Research Building Norris University Center Center Fine Performing Arts. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street. Levy Hall Elbert H. Gary Library Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library . School About Dean John H. · United States England Continent School Strawn Hall. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN David Dudley Field Northwestern School Law Law School Long Law School Early Law School Today Northwestern II THE SCHOOL William Searle Holdsworth Unlike . Professional There There LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop Chicago United States Court Appeals. Li Hall. CLASSROOMS Law School . Su Northwestern. Lincoln Hall British House Commons School . School Complete LIBRARY Law School. Nor Law School Library Elbert H. Gary Library Owen L. Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Stree Elbert H. Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen L. Coon Library Owen L. Coon Foundation. Northwestern Western Hemisphere. More . School Faculty Library. Law School Library United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English More European Japan Latin American . Holdings Roman Especially \ Villiams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. George W. Shaw Collection Early European Law Joseph L. Shaw LL.B. Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room . Western Hemisphere. They Cutler Browsing Alcove Comfortably LIBRARY FUNDS University appropnat Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert H. Gary LL.B. Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund Norris E. Crull LL.B. Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LL.B. Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LL.B. Mrs. Rosenberg Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund Class Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund Herbert Dacks. Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip A. Shapiro J.D. Circuit Court Cook County Walter H Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. Paul Cutler J.D. Cutler Browsing Alcove. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School. On Law School Levy Hall. Separate Junior Bar Association Law Review Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Student Book Exchange. Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual . English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall. All Abbott Hall Law Residents Association. Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street. Indiana On Facilities Floors School Law. There Double Rooms All Bed Each Trunks Abbott H Abbott Hall Before Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall. Rental Bills Cashier Office Abbott Hall. Applications . Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Apartment Rental Law School STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Student Health Service Law School Montgomery ! Tard Building Room Medical School. Medical Student Health Bulletin Clinic . . Physicians Student Health Room Acute Emergency Room Passavant Memorial Hospital. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School . Rather Human Law Every Effective Reflecting Law School Beyond . CLASSES Class There Two Time . Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. Today Torts Property Criminal Law Con Law School . · So Labor Relations Taxation Administrative Law Civil Rights Trade Relations Law School Professor Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Comparative Law International Business Transactions FACULTY Law School Each Their Such School Class Booth Hall. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION . Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School os opm < > Under Northwestern Socratic Questions From Since Admissions Office Law School Problem Method Law School . ! Perhaps Perhaps Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Practice Courses Practice Law School Northwestern Practice Clinic. Northwestern Legal Aid Clinic Clinic Clinic Clinic During Moot Court. Practicing Julius H Miner Moot Court Competition. . Law School Seminars Seminars . Some Students Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Senior Research. Some Law School Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under Program Program Law School Depending University University Program Program Program Senior Research Program Program Program School THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School School Faculty During Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law. Legal Writing Research Laboratory Seminar Procedure Each Thereafter Law School Moreover Thus Civil Liberties Legal History Comparative Law School REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor All International Law Senior Research Students Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Faculty Courses COURSE LOAD Courses opm Faculty On LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Practice School Trial Practice CURRICULUM Course eac COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS Credit First Semester Hours Contracts Criminal Law Laboratory Seminar Procedure Legal Writing Research Property Torts Second Semester Credit Hours Constitutional Law Law Social Change Legal Profession Moot Court Sales Secured Transactions Torts II COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Credit First Semester Hours Accounting Administrative Law Antitrust Law Civil Procedure Civil Rights Commercial Law Conflict Laws Corporations Debtor Creditor Relations Decedents Estates Trusts Evidence Family Law Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation International Law Labor Law Law Poverty Legal Profession Practice Clinic Public Private Control Land Use Trademarks Trade Identity Copyrights Trial Practice Credit Second Semester Hours Admiralty Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure II Commercial Law II Conflict Laws Criminal Law Administration Decedents Estates Trusts II Equity Restitution Damages Evidence Family Law Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law International Law Law Poverty Legal Profession Patent Law Practice Practice Clinic Race Relations Scientific Evidence Securities Regulation State Local Government Trial Practice SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All Seminars First Semester Advanced Business Associations Partnerships Advanced Legal Writing African Law Antitrust Law Policy Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Societies Criminal Appellate Advocacy Economic Development Political Modernization Law English Legal History Estate Planning Food Drug Law Government Land Law Society State Local Taxation Tax Policy SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Second Semester Analysis Solution Selected Legal Problems Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Corporate Management Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Evidence Crimin Law Current Problems Economic Analysis Public Policy Estate Planning Fiduciary Administration International Business Transactions International Organizations Introduction Civil Law Jurisprudence Labor Law Law Criminology Organizational Problems Minority Group Enterprises Problems Taxation Business Income Real Estate Development R · Industries Senior Research Program Interested Program General Office School. COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CO NSTITUTIONAL L AW Course Second Semester MESSRS. D AMATO NATHANSON T Congress Pres Dowling Gunther Constitutional L Cases Ma Mr. D A Mr. Nath CO NTR ACT S Cou First Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM CHILDRES Study Statute Frauds. Co Emphasis U Commercial Cod Fuller Braucher Basic Contract L Mr. Beckstrom Dawson H Cases Mat Contracts Mr. Childres CRI MINAL LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. H EINZ NBAU Co Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice . LABORATORY SEMINAR IN PROCEDURE Course BECKSTROM BENNETT CHAMBERLIN D AMATO GARLAND GOLDMAN H ADDAD INBAU MARTIN McGovERN MEARNS MRs. NETSCH MR. SPALDING First Semester LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester MR. MEARNS An Certain LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester MESSRS. BECKSTROM EovALDI An Among Required Countryman Finman Lawyer Modern Society Mr. Eovaldi Mr. Beckstrom LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH Course First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ SPALDING MRS. FRAILEY MR. WHITMORE ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Writing Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate MOOT COURT Course Second Semester MESSRS. HEINZ TmTMORE Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School Emphasis PROPERTY Course First Semester MESSRS. GORDON SCHUYLER Introduction Historical Shelley Fraser Cases R Property . SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Second Semester MESSRS. CHILDRES GORDON See Commercial Law IL TORTS Course First Semester MESSRS. ME R NS RAHL Protection Gregory Kalven Cases Torts Mr. Mearns Green Pedrick R Thode Hawkins Smith Cases Torts Mr. Rahl Continued TORTS II Cou Second Semester MESSRS. BENNETT WALTZ See Torts Materials SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars ACCOUNT! G Course First Semester MR. BRADY Principles Corporations Amory Hardee Materials Accounting Faris Accounting Lawyers. AD MINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. BENNETT NATHANSON Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Mr. Nathanso Mr. Bennett ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester J !JR. iVIAcCHESNEY General Jurisdiction Healy Currie Cases Admiralty. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Seminar First Semester MR. SHAPIRO Analysis Use Development Materials ADVANCED LEGAL WRITING Seminar First Semester MESSRS. HEINZ SPALDING English. Ed Legal Writing Research Enrollmen Assistants Instruction AFRICAN LAW Seminar First Semester MR. NEKAM An African Western Problems ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIO OF SELECTED LEGAL PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester MR. TEEVAN Primary Illinois ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MRS. NETSCH MR. C. HA VIG HURST Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Governm R Business Rahl Cases Materials Antitrust Law Mrs. Netsch Mr. Havighurst ANTITRUST LA · AND POLICY Seminar First Semester MR. RAHL Advanced BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester MR. SHAPIRO Advanced Examination Prerequisite Corporations. Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES IN MODERN DEMOCRATIC SOCIETIES Seminar First Semester MR. NATHANSON Intensive Bill Rights. Particular Reference CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester MESSRS. REESE WALTZ Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Louisell Hazard Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester MR. REESE See Civil Procedure CIVIL RIGHTS Course First Semester MR. D AMATO Study American Negro Discussion COMMERCIAL LAW Course First Semester MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN GORDON Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materia Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment COMMERCIAL LAW II Course Second Semester MR. GORDON Sales Article Un Commercial Code. Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar oT OFFERED IN An CO FLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester MR. MACCI IESNEY Second Semester MR. NEKAM Enforcement Brief R Materials Mr. MacChesney Cheatham Griswald Reese Rosenberg Cases Confiict Laws Mr. Nekam CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester MR. EovALDI An T CORPORATE MANAGEMENT Seminar Second Semester MR. C. HAVIGHURST Description CORPORATIONS Course First Semester MESSRS. GOLD V[AN RUDER Consideration Securities Exchange Commission Materials CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar First Second Semesters lVIESSRS. HADDAD MARTI Research Visits CRIMI AL EVIDENCE Seminar Second Semester MESSRS. INBAU MARTIN An Mimeographed CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course Second Semester MR. HADDAD Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice Vol. II CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester MESSRS. HADDAD INBAU MARTIN DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester MR. EOVALDI Federal Bankruptcy Act Special Materials DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester MESSRS. McGovERN RITCHIE Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . DECEDENTS EST ATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester MESSRS. McGOVERN SCHUYLER Charitable Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Second Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ Economic ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester MR. DESCHWEINITZ ENGLISH LEGAL HISTORY Seminar First Semester MR. McGOVERN Consideration Mimeographed Students EST TE PLANNING Seminar First Semester MR. KIRBY Second Semester MR. McGOVERN Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation. EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course Second Semester MR. CHILDRES . Childres Survey Equity Restitution Damages EVIDE CE Course First Semester Second Semester MR. GARLAND MR. WALTZ Prerequisite Civil Procedure Louisell Kaplan Waltz Materials Evidence. FAMILY LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MR. NEKAM MR. BECKSTROM Jacobs Goebel Cases M. Domestic R Mr. Nekam Foote Levy Sander Cases Mat Family Law Mr. Beckstrom FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester MR. KIRBY MR. O BYRNE An Federal Income Taxation Estate Planning. Pedrick Kirby Problems Materials Federal Estate Gift Taxation FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester MR. O BYRNE MR. KIRBY Materials FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course Second Semester History MR. REESE Supreme Court. Prerequisites Civil Procedure Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Second Semester iVIR. O BYRNE An Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts. FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester MESSRS. BURDITT THOMPSON Prerequisite Administrative Law. GOVERNMENT AND LAND Seminar First Semester MR. REESE Problems FHA JNSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester MR. CHAMBERLIN Basics Keeton Basic Insurance Law. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester MR. BENTLEY International Assigned INTERNATIONAL LAW Course First Second Semesters MR. iV!AcCHESNEY An Bases Required Materials INTERNATIONAL LAW COMMON MARKET Seminar NoT OFFERED IN Atlantic Community Common Market. Term Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions Atlantic Area. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar Second Semester MR. NATHANSON United Nations United Nations Attention Sohn Law United Nations INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester MR. SCHWERIN Studies Anglo American Continental Selected J URISPRUDENCE Seminar Second Semester MR. EKAM Problems Jaw Legal Jaw LABOR LAW Course First Semester MR. HILLMAN Summers Wellington Cases Materials Labor Law. LABOR LAW Seminar Second Semester MR. HILLMAN Selected Emphasis National Labor Relations Railway Labor Acts. Prerequisite Labor Law Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course First Semester MR. EOVALDI Second Semester MR. BENNETT An One Examples . Finally Examples Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar Second Semester MR. HEI Z Consideration . LAW AND SOCIETY Seminar First Semester MR. SCHWARTZ An Mimeographed LEGAL PROFESSION Course First Semester Second Semester See First Year Courses. ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS OF MINORITY GROUP ENTERPRISES MR. EOVALDI MESSRS. BECKSTROM EOVALDI Seminar Second Semester MR. RUDER Study Selection Investigation Analysis Study Emphasis Chicago Black Materials PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Course Second Semester MR. DrnNNER Historical Smith Patent Law Cases Comments Materials. PRACTICE CLINIC Course First Second Semesters MR. KENOE Training Legal Aid Legal Clinical Legal Aid Guest Freeman Legal Interviewing Counseling PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Second Semester MR. KIRBY An An . Prerequisite Federal Income Taxation. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester MR. SPALDING Description RACE RELATIONS Course Second Semester MRS. NETSCH An United States Emerson Haber Dorsen Political Civil Rights United States Vol. II Report National Advisory Commission Civil Disorders REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Second Semester MR. GOLDMAN Analysis Materials REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar Second Semester MR. HILLMAN . > Prerequisite Administrative Law Antitrust Law Corporations. Materials SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester MR. INBAU Scientific SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester MR. RUDER Intensive Registration Securities Exchange Commission. Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation ST TE AND LOCAL GOVER.NM£ IT Course Second Semester MR. KERNER MRs. ETSCH Selected Mandelker Managing Our Urban Environment STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Seminar First Semest MR. O BYRNE Study Hellerstein State Local Taxation . TAX POLICY Seminar First Semester MR. KIRBY An Restricted Prerequisite Federal Income Taxation. TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY D COPYRIGHTS Course First Semester MR. PATIISHALL . Cases Materials Trademarks Trade Identity Copyrights TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters MR. HANLEY An . Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Semester MR. WALTZ Selected Special Limited Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs . Third Regular Failure Dean. EXAMINATIONS Regular . Grades Students Dean HONORS AND PRIZES Order Coif Northwestern School THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Northwestern Order Coif IO THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors North University Law R Membership School Law. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Board Journal Criminal Law Board Law R Journal. Election Journal WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Selection Faculty. THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Frank Lowden Class BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government. . THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law HOMER F. CAREY WARD Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law Illinois Law Future Interests Carey Schuyler AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An University Levy Hall CLASS OF PLAQUE Class Law School School Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. LA WYERS TITLE FOUNDATION WARD Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation Richmond Virginia Foundation AMERICAN J URISPRUDENCE WARDS American Jurisprudence CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each Corpus Juris Secundum School WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each West Publishing Company School THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD Law INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance. PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Each Prentice Hall Inc. Federal Tax Guide Federal Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute Trial Practice. Institute National Moot Court Competition. DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law. Before Faculty Between Classes. University Juris Doctor J.D. School Law Northwestern University School Law School. Faculty Degrees Graduate Study SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School Law School Others School. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar. Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent School Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford U Some Lessons Our Legal H Macmillan. An Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H. Wu Chi Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press. J Escarra Faculty Law University Paris. Charles Supreme Court United States History Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press. Walton Hale H Professor Law Yale University. H T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. Th Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon L. Fuller Professor Law H University. Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc. United Nations United Nations. Adlai E. Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John N. Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul A. Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co. John P. Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co. Abraham H. Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf A. Berle Jr. Professor Law Colum University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press. Louis B. Sohn Professor Law Harvard U Ernest A. Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John J. Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations A. E. Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert L. A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Right Honorable Lord Radcl Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James A. Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc. Wilber G. Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern U Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William M. Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton Un Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale Un Northwestern Un Press. Justice Walter V. Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Faculty Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press. Justice Andre M. Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press. Judge Carl McGowan U S. Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press. Professor Harry W. Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School Faculty . } American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur J. Goldberg Judge Paul R. Hays Newton N Minow Eugene V. Rostow Adlai E. Stevenson W. Willard Wirtz. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION IN LAW AND POVERTY National Institute Education Law Poverty Law School Institute Law School Office Economic Opportunity Legal Services Programs National Institute Office Economic Opportunity. National Institute National Institute Just Building National Institute Institute Legal Services [ Colloquium Legal Services . National Institute Handbook Consumer Law Handbook Welfare Law. New Handbook Housing Law Each Handbook Northwestern University National Institute Institute Poverty Law Law School National Institute Poverty Law [ CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Since Northwestern Annual Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Institute Continuing Education Illinois Bar Association. Over Institute. Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM Criminal Law Criminal Law Administration Law School By Ford Foundation Law School An Ford Founda T LL.M. . From Ford Foundation . T School Ford Foundatio U Poli Legal Advisor Program LL.M. T THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES T Ford Foundation L School Intern L Studies T School Intern Law. School Interna Business Transactions Internatio Orga Comparative Law Admiralty Common Market. T Oth More Legal Studi THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES T Russell Sage Fo Law School Gradu School U One Graduate School University School Law Saga Scholars Law School They Law Socie Review PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW CONFERENCES Oscar Leer Law School Class Philosophy Law GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Law School One School American DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws University Faculty. School Students Each Graduate Committee During . Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. Faculty. Doctor Juridical Science S.].D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. . Faculty Faculty . Dean . Faculty. Faculty Candidates They Fellow Faculty. THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class . Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School . School His United States Public School Mr. Justice Byron R. White United States Supreme Court Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Hon. Otto Kerner Judge Seventh Circuit Court Appeals Illinois Lowden Hall. Tom C. Clark Justice United States Supreme Court Judge Latham Castle Chief Judge John S. Hastings Seventh Circuit Court Appeals Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Secretary Labor W. Willard Wirtz Faculty President Kennedy Labor Department Law School Arthur J. Goldberg Associate Justice United States Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Law School Dean John Ritchie. Mr. Justice Thurgood Ma United States Supreme Court Miner Moot Court Mr J Potter Stewart United States Supreme Court Law School. Students One Law School Law School. Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost Law School Northwestern University Law R Law R York Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review. University Chicago University Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review. Law Review. Several Selection Law School Because Law Review Coffee Lowden Hall. £ Northwestern Law Review Law Review One Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Law School Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. Journal . Professor Fred E. Inbau He Board Consulting Editors Journal Police Science Ordway Hilton Examiner Questioned Documents New York City. He Board Consulting Editors Journal Law Review Law School Journal. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition School. Made Judge Julius H. Miner Moot Court Board Those Asrnciate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg Law School Class Associate Justices Bryon R. White Tom C. Clark Potter Stewart Thurgood Marshall Supreme Court United States. School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition Arcade Placement Office. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law . Law School Junior Bar Association. All Association School Its Board Governors Association HONOR CODE An Law School Junior Bar Association Honor Code Law School Board Governors Association. Board Faculty. Code Law School Law School . STUDENT ACTIVITIES School. Junior Bar Association Law School Informal recepti Lowden Hall School. Junior Bar Association Association Association University Bookstore Abbott Hall Law School Northwestern Junior Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association. Law School School RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Each Research Assistants Faculty. opportumt part Faculty. VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES Recent School Legal Clinic Program School Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc. Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic. Clinic Northwestern University. Law Clinic Clinic School Outlying Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center Chicago Chicago. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES He Nevertheless Organized Law School Junior Bar Association. Association Tickets Uni Evanston. Chicago STUDENT WIVES Junior Bar Association Law School . Law Wives Occasionally Law School ADMISSION TUITION Mr. Hoyne Henry Booth FEES AND FINANCIAL AID Every Law School America Northwestern Fortunately University Law School ADMISSION Northwestern University Since Law School School Applicants School MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Before Bachelor Bachelor Law School Admission Test. Northwestern Law School Information Educational Testing Service Princeton New Jersey Educational Testing Service School Law. An School VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An Committee Admissions. Prospective School. Ordinarily School School Secretary Admissions During School School Christmas School Each Admissions Committee Admissions Committee Secretary Admissions WHEN TO APPLY Applications . Applicants Applications Determinations Law School Admission Test Each Every Each @ Upon TRANSFER Juris Doctor Generally Transfer Law School Admission Test Dean School. Association American Law Schools C PRE LEGAL STUDY Bachelor Law School Since College Accordingly Courses Studies English Apart He Ordinarily He TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES TUITION FEES PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier Office Abbott H Division Student Finance Abbott Hall WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official R School Law. Students Students Students R . R Law School REBATES TO FACULTY STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate U . istanLs Lhe Northwestern. Information Student Finance Office Abbott Hall. Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall Students There SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE School Northwestern Approximately School Ordinarily All . Interest Awards Each MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application t Office Admissions Law School. Special Clarion De Titt Hardy Scholarships An Information SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law Alumni Law School Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law. Scholarships . Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen L. Coon Class Requirements Funds Owen L. Coon Foundation Hardy Scholarship Committee Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several Law School Graduate School University Russell Sage Founda Special Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarshivs. Francis S. Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob N Scholarship Fund. Mrs. Minnie G. Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Ware Scholarship. Mrs. Fannie M. Tare Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Tare Argonne Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. Frederic R. De Young LLB. LLD. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert C. De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert V. University School Law Illinois. Julius ]. Hoff Scholarship Judge Julius J. Hoffman Class Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fimd. Anna Louise Raymond Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. · Walker Chicago Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From Elmer A. Smith Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Faculty School Law Blumberg Book Loan Fund. Nathan S. Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden Vlest Class Law School Dean. Class Scholarship. Class Farmers Insuran Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles California Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From Ernest U. Schroeter Class Thad M Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From Thad M. Talcott Class Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfecl H ...W Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna B. Tilliarns .. David T. Campb Fund. From David T. Campbell Class H Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna N. Folonie Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois Law School Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day Class Law School Virgil B. Day Sr. Dean Law School School. Annual General Electric Company Mr. Day Robert V. Jones Scholarship. Robert V. Jones Class f Dean Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. Dean Law School Theodore Stone Class Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Armed Forces Armed Forces. H Wigmore Honorary ScholarshijJs. Students Wigmore Scholars John Henry Tigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evi Th Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School wh Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Tright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon · Wong Law School Harold Hoon ! To ! Tong Class Income Hawaii Dean School. L. Shirley Tark Scholarship L. Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. Irene V. McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago George M. K Scholarship. Law School George M. Keane. Dean Katharine Dexter McCormick Funcl. Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr. Hodes American Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association. Inquiries Office Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund Conference Dean. GRADUATE STUDY ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. English Experience · English English. School Application •Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accomodations University Chicago FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies. Applicants Ford Fellowships. Law School Dean Wigmore Law School Library. School International Law. School International Organizations International Business Transactions Comparative Law Admiralty Common Market. James Nelson Raymond Fellowship From Since General Electric Foundation More Program International Legal Studies CRIMINAL LAW FELLOWSHIPS Criminal Law Criminal Law Program GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Committee Graduate Studies Law School. John Ritchie THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Counsellor Chorus John Henryy Wigmore Dean Placement Service PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Lewis F. Treleaven. Placement Service Placement Service . Each Placement Service Law School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Not Furthering stron Working Others Law School United States Senators Iorthwestern Presidential Law School Northwestern Openings North United States Northwestern Alumni Law School An Law School Law School Attractive Law School. Alumni From Law School Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Law School Placement Service Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Law Alumni Fund American Bar Association Law Alumni Association OFFICERS OWEN RALL DANIEL WALKER GORDON WINKS HERBERT C. PAscHEN EUGENE KART MILTON L. FISHER WILLIAM M. BARVICK RICHARD J. FLYNN HARRY R. HORROW HELMER R. JOHNSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT NORMAN M. SEVIN PAUL ZIFFREN JOSEPH H. WRIGHT WILLIAM G. CAPLES DWIGHT P. GREEN JuLius J. HOFFMAN HENRY KENOE WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK J. DEAN VAIL LATHAM CASTLE JEROME L. ETTELSON CRANE C. HAUSER BARNET HODES SEYMOUR F. SIMoN PAUL GERDEN PAUL J. FURLONG DAVID M. GOODER ESTHER O. KEGAN ALBERT W. POTTS ELROY C. SANDQUIST HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JOHN CROWN ABRAHAM FISHMAN SIDNEY A. JONES HORACE W. JORDAN JAMES T. Otis RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF ISIDORE BROWN JAMES C. HARDMAN GEORGE KELM TIMOTHY C. KLENK MILTON A. KOLAR RUSSELL H. MATTHIAS INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Attendance Buildings Calendar Classes Classrooms Comse Course Courseload Courses Curriculum Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Fees Fellowships Criminal Law Program International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor Program Prosecution Defense Program Financial Assistance Grades Graduate Grants Health Honor Code Honors Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Library Library Loans Location Methods Moot Officers Order Coif Placement Pre Publications Journal Criminal Law Police Science Northwestern University Law Review Rebates Recreation Refunds Register Research Schedule Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Linthicum Foundation Program National Institute Education Law Poverty Philosophy Law Conferences Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Rosenthal Lectures Tuition Voluntary Withdrawal NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Residence Searle Building Thorne Hall Levy Hall Veterans Administration Law School PHILIPPIANS https://plrccollections.org/files/original/21f7687e117ef8e73c4923592c5a05cd.pdf 6eaf6a9a96a5bce4922e2f8c081809a5 PDF Text Text B~LLETIN. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �Vol. LXVI January 31, 1966 No. 9 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill. �BULLETI N OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1966-67 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ��CONTENTS Where to Write 4 Calendar .. . .. . . . 5 Officers and Faculty 6 Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 T h e School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The Life of the School . . . . ... .... ... ...... . ......... . .. . ., . . . . . . 59 Admission, T ui tion, Fees, and Financial Aid . ............ .. . .. . .. 68 T h e School and Its Alumni ...... ... .. ... .. .. .. . . ... . . ..... .. .. 85 Register of Colleges and Universities . . ... . ... . . ... . .. . . ... .. .... 90 University Officers .. . . .. .. . .. ............ . ....... . . ........ . .. . 92 Index .... ... .......... .. .. . ..... .. . .. ... . ....... . .. . ..... . . . . 94 Map ..... . . ...... .... . ............ .. ... ..... . . ... ....... ..... 96 3 �WHERE TO WRITE For expeditious handling, address mail to the Law School as follows: ADMISSION to the regular session for students seeking the J.D . degree -Applications, including applications to transfer -Request for forms or information -Supporting transcripts and recommendations FIN AN CIAL ASSISTANCE information arid forms for candidates for the J.D. degree Office of Admissions ADMISSION to Summer Session for those) already enrolled in a ·law school Registrar REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS cover-( ing work completed at the Law School J ADMISSION to Graduate Study for those) Committee on Graduate holding the J.D . degree or equivalent ( Admissions GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS J PLACEMENT of students and graduates Placement Service OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Law Alumni Association Address all Law School mail to: Northwestern University School of Law 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 4 �CALENDAR FOR 1966-67 1966 SEPTEMBER 17 SEPTEMBER 19 NOVEMBER 24-26 DECEMBER 14-16 DECEMBER 22 1967 JAN UARY JANUARY JANUARY JANUARY JANUARY APRIL 3 13 16 25 30 5-7 APRIL APRIL MAY MAY JU NE JUNE 17 19 24 2 17 8 Saturday, 8:30 A .M . Monday Thursday-Saturday Wednesday-Friday Thursday Tu esday Friday Monday W edn esday Monday W ednesday-Frida·y Saturday Monda y Frida y Wednesday Friday Saturday 19 JUNE 20 JUNE 4 JULY AUGUST 11 AUGUST 14-17 SEPTEMBER 12 Monday Tuesda y Tuesday Friday Monday-Thursday Tu esday, 8:30 A.M. SEPTEMBER 14 NOVEMBER 23-25 DECEMBER 13-15 DECEMBER 20 Thursday Thursday-Saturday W ednesday-Frida )' Wedn esday Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thankskgiving recess Registration for spring semester Christmas recess beginsl Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes Second semester classes begin Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Spring recess begins Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes ONE HUNDRED AND NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT Registration for summer term Summer term classes begin Holiday Classes close Examination period Registration and orientation for new students Classes begin Thanksgiving recess Registration for spring semester Christmas recess begins 'Classes meeting on Tuesday, December 20, and Wednesday, December 21 , 1966, a re those which normally meet on Thursday and Friday. 5 �OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M . KREML, LL.B., Vice-President-Planning and Development WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M .D., PH.D., DR. HoN. CAus., Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Controller and Assistant Busin ess Manager FACULTY JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LL.B., J.S.D., Dean and Professor of Law JOHN H . BECKSTROM, B.A., J .D., LL.M., Associate Professor of Law WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M .A ., PH.D ., LL.B., Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Law JOHN E. CooNs, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D., Associate Professor of Law HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus JoHN P. HEINZ, A.B., LL.B ., Assistant Professor of Law FREDE. INBAU, B.S., LL.B ., LL.M., Professor of Law JAMES C. KIRBY, JR., B.A., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law VANCE N. KIRBY, A.B., LL.B ., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law WILLIAM M . McGOVERN, JR. , A.B., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law NATHANIEL L. NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J. D., Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. , Associate Professor of Law JOHN C. O'BYRNE, A.B., M .S., LL.B., Professor of Law JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J. D., Professor of Law and Director of R esearch HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emerit us VICTOR G . ROSENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D., Professor of Political Science and Law 1 DAVIDS. RUDER, B .A., LL.B ., Professor of Law HowARD R . SACKS, B .A. , LL.B., Professor of Law DANIEL M. SCHUYLER, B.A., J .D ., Professor of Law RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Professor of Socio logy and Law KURT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D. , Professor of Law and Librarian FRANCIS 0 . SPALDING, B.A. , J.D ., Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law JAMES R. THOMPSON, LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law JoN R . WALTZ, B .A., LL.B., Professor of Law ~ n lea ,·e o f absence, 1966-67 6 �FACULTY, SUMMER SESSION 1966 JAMES C. KIRBY , JR. , B.A., LLB., LLM. , Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR., A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law FRANCIS 0 . SPALDING, B.A., J.D ., Assistant Professor of Law ROBERT A. SPRECHER, B .S., J.D. , L ecturer on Office Practice JON R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law LECTURERS ZEA MORE A. ADER, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Accounting JOHN J. CROWN, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Introduction to Litigation KARL DE SCHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Law and the Industrial Society JoHN A. DIENNER, JR., B .S., LLB., M.P.L, Lecturer on Patent Law and Practice JEROME F. GOLDBERG, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry ARTH UR GOLDBLATT, A.A., B.S., B.S.L, J.D. , Lecturer on Illinois Law of Mar- riage and Divorce ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D., L ecturer on L egal Clinic NORMAN LEFSTEIN, LLB., LLM., Lecturer on Juvenile Courts and Delinquency BEVERLY W. PATTISHALL, B.S., LLB., Lecturer on Trademarks and Copyrights WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D. , LLD., L ecturer on Judicial Pro cess HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Corporations WILLIAM V. STAPLETON, B.A., M.A., Lecturer on Juvenile Courts and Delin- · quency JOHN M. TEEVAN, B.A., J.D ., Lecturer on Selected Legal Problems ERNEST S. WoLF, M.D., L ecturer on Lawyer-Client Relationships TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1966-67 ANDREW WALKER, B .A., (OxoN) N. A. R. WILSON , B.A., (OxoN) PUBLICATIONS STAFF DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B .A., J.D. , Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science JAMES R. THOMPSON, LLB., Assistant Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crim- inology and Police Science MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D., Crim inology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crimino logy and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications 7 �ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF IRENE S. BERNSTEIN, International Legal Studies Secretary DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant DORIS D. DODGE, Head Faculty Secretary MARYL. DONAHUE, Secretary to the Dean GAIL L. GARTNER, Faculty Secretary JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, C lerk-Typis t, Admissions CORDELIA A. LANTZ, Faculty Secretary MARY E . LOGAN, Registrar SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department LINDA L. McMILLAN, Secretary to Assistant Dean MILDRED F. MITCHELL, Secretary to Assistant Dean KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary JESSIE L. PAUKSTA, Faculty Typist ELIZABETH SELTZER, Faculty Typist ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary JoAN F. VOGT, Secretary of Admissions BARBARA E. WEAVER, B.M., Placement Secretary ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Receptionist and General Assistant LIBRARY STAFF KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D., Librarian ELAINE E . TEIGLER, B.S., M.A. , Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services Department ROMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR.lURIS., M.A. IN L.S., Head, C lassificatio n and Cataloging Department GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, LLB., Head, Book Selection DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian DAVID R. BRYANT, B.S., J.D., Ass istant in Reference and Foreign Law IDA M . OLSON, Secretary ETELKA VAJDA, B.A., M .A., M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR.lURIS, Junior Cataloger VANER A. AHOLA, Library Assistant JOHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in charge of Stacks MARIA C. CHASE, Reference Assistant in ch arge of Circulation SELMA KRAHN, Cataloging Assis tant JEROME MENEZES, B.A., Library Assistant EsTHER Y. QurROL, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant ELIAS VYTANOVYCH, PH.D., Ass istant Cataloger 8 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student and teacher. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant share of the resources of the School. Instruction is conducted by faculty members who devote their ·full ·energies to legal education. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School has always sought in its program of instruction to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educate lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. The most recent, and perhaps the most significant, reshaping of the School's curriculum was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1966 and is now being put into effect. 9 �" . . . these noble buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put- the teaching of Jaw." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, .June 16, 1927. THE SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. IO �The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting on the shores of Lake Michigan - yet scarcely more than a half mile from the Loop . The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the eighteen-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The original campus of the University, twelve miles north in suburban Evanston, where the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,900 graduate students are enrolled, remains readily accessible to Law School students for cultural and athletic events and for seminars and inform al contacts with those working in other academic disciplines related to the concerns of the lawyer and legal scholar. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and 11 �Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H . Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a quiet garden. In interior design and ornament the buildings of the School are rich in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. Both libraries and Robert R. McCormick Hall are airconditioned. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of students in each class meeting. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. The entire School, student body, and faculty, can be accommodated in it with room to spare for guests. In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. Here meet the seminars of the · second and third years, numbering typically from ten to twenty, seated 12 �Seminars meet in rooms well suited to round-table discussion by groups of ten to twenty . informally around a table with one or more faculty members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates not only mock appeals but full-scale practice trials. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a 13 �full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection of about 240,000 volumes is among the largest law school libraries in the Western vVorld. More important than size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repea ted on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual sound-proof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes. The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate vvorking collection is maintained in the Faculty Library. Open stacks and amp le work ing s pace make th e librar y a comfortable and convenient place in w hich to study. �The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use of the library's large re~ources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of documents is available at Deering Library on the Evanston campus, which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable is the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments elating from A.D. 1300 to 1700 which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized 15 �areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future . A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for the use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both for students and for faculty, there must be provision for the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and expression-and for moments of relaxation, however brief. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the study area provided on the fourth floor of Levy Mayer Hall. Here are eight rooms accommodating four to ten each, ideally suited to individual study or informal discussion and review sessions. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities 16 �Lowden Hall , the School lounge, is a comfortab le place to relax and talk or study . conducted under student auspices and control, including the officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law Review, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the Student Book Exchange. Candidates for the S.J.D. degree are also eligible for private offices. Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meeting between student and teacher. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School be17 �comes the center of everyday li[e. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper ~ixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling, squash, and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and five and one-half day maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The plan of a typical residential floor in Abbott Hall is shown below. 18 �The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals a day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. The average room rate for the academic year is $365 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments View from garden of portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960, which comp lete Law School Quadrangle. Abbott Hall , stud ent residence, is shown in left background. 19 �on October 1, January 1, and April 1 during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applica tions, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of completely furnished apartments for married students. Apartment rentals average $130 a month, including utilities. There is a variety of other apartments m the vicinity of the Law School within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student Health Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the University and situ ated on the ca mpus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School. Students are enrolled with the Service at the time of registration, and at that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detailed information about the plan. For a more complete description, the Studen t H ealth Service Information Bulletin is available upon request. 20 �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." - justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region . Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning 21 �beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new ~ituations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is ~purred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. The course of study embodied in the new curricular plan approved b y the Faculty in the spring of 1966 affords significant new opportunities for developing and testing the capacities of the individual student. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes. There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that cla y is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the clays of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in conten t. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an en ergized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of the accused. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with a nd adjusting to the subject matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills. The changing ch a racter of law is reflected in the content of traditional co urses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in th e newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to d eal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the' limits of the possible, he must be educated in tha t brief span for the re22 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School Faculty constitute basic materials of instruction . sponsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. 23 �A student makes a point in the Socratic dialogue which characterizes classroom work. METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relative! y small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 17 5 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual de24 �c1s10ns of courts, embodied in written opm10ns rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional life-think, analyze, and decide on his own initiative. ·w ith the interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are 25 �seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. Most college students, accustomed to student-teacher dialogue only in quite small groups, find it difficult to imagine vigorous discussion in a class of eighty or ninety students. Although they may not fully understand why such discussion is possible until they themselves become regular participants in the process, they are welcomed and encouraged to arrange with the Admissions Office to visit one or two classes at the Law School to see the process in action. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed b e no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, a nd in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. PRACTICE COURSES Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier clay when there were no 26 �law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. In the practice courses, the student actually tries the skills of the practitioner. Prominent among these is the course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program law students during the last half of their training serve in the clinic under the supervision of a faculty member. The clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare pleadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fills a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. A voluntary program, instituted in cooperation with the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, affords an opportunity for interested students to assist assigned practitioners in representing indigent defendants in criminal cases before the federal courts. During his first year the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student under courtroom conditions before an appellate court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the .Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. In the third year the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to encl. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. SEMINARS Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, 27 �the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the nation's highest courts. SENJOR RESEARCH PROGRAM The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in legal education introduced for the first time in 1966-67. Under this Program a student with faculty approval may elect to devote a significant proportion of his third year (from 4 to 8 credit hours) to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the faculty. A student interested in this Program may propose during his second year a project for faculty approval and arrange his schedule to include the Law School courses and seminars which provide the necessary background for the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee. The aim is not to make a "specialist" of the student, but rather to afford him the intellectual experience of plumbing a subject to its depths; of sharpening his power of analysis, observation and communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources: other libraries in the University and the community; other departments of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research may be undertaken. The Program is flexible enough to permit, with careful advanced planning and approval, even work in other parts of the nation or the world. The faculty participants in the Program carry a classroom teaching load which is lighter than normal in order that they may devote more time to parallel research and to the joint discussion and critique necessary to take the inquiry beyond the bounds of traditional seminar work or individual study projects. Indeed in many cases, work in the Program is expected to grow into a joint, cooperative student-teacher research under28 �taking, more significant not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything heretofore possible in a law school setting. The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program are many. As a supplement to the longer established group learning techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the Program promise significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The Program is expected to serve, too, the School's established goal of making regular contributions on the frontiers of the law. Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common encl of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. By attending optional summer sessions, however, students may earn their degrees in twenty-eight months. The most recent revision of the School's curriculum, comprising the elective second year and the Senior Research Program, was approved by the Faculty in the spring of 1966, to become effective in 1966-67. During his first year of law study the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract- as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and Research and the Laboratory Seminar in Procedure meet typically in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in dealing with them are brought under careful scrutiny. Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser. This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second and third years permits a modest degree of concentration but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. 29 �REQUIRED COURSES In order to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete successfully 90 semester-hours of work including the following: All courses in the first year curriculum Two hours of seminar work requiring substantial individual research and writing (4 hours for classes graduating in 1968 a nd thereafter) or participation in the Senior Research Program. The courses in Legal Profession Legal Clinic (not required of members of the Law R eview) International Law Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation at a ny time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student ca n do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses 111 Trial Technique, Trial Practice, and Introduction to Litiga tion are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Technique, Trial Practice, or Introduction to Litigation can be accommodated. 30 �CURRICULUM Course offerings are summarized here by semester. A more deta iled description of each course and semin ar follows. Cou rses offered in both semesters are fully described in the first semester en try. COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR ST UDEN T S Credit Hours First Sem ester Con tracts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 L aboratory Seminar in Procedure Legal Writing and R esearch . . . I Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Credi t Second Sem ester Hours Constitu tional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Con tracts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Moot Cour t I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I R eal Esta te Transactions . . . . . . 4 Tor ts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 COUR SES OFFERED TO SECON D AND T H IRD YEAR ST UDEN T S Credit Hours First Semester Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust L aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Commerci al Law I . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Corpora tions I .... . . . ... . .. . . 4 Debtor-Cred itor R elations .... . 3 D eced ents' Esta tes and T rusts . . 4 Fed eral Estate a nd Gift Taxation 2 Feder al Income Taxa tion .... . . 3 International L aw 2 Introduction to Litiga tion .. .. . Labor Law .... .. . . . . . .. .. . . . . 4 Legal Clinic ... ... .. . . . .. . .. . L egal Profession .. .. . . . . .. . . . . I Trademarks and Copyrights ... . 2 Trial Practice .... . . . . ... . ... . Credit Hours Second Sem ester Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Commercial Law II . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Confl ict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Corporations II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Evid ence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Family L aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Federal Esta te and Gift T axation 2 Fed eral Income T axation . . . . . . 3 Fed eral Jurisdi ction . . . . . . . . . . 2 Federal T ax Policy . . . . . . . . . . . Insu rance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Introduction to L itigation .... . L egal Cli nic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Legal Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 L egal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Pa te n t Law and Practice . . . . . . 2 R esti tution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Scien tific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . l Securities Regulation . . . . . . . . . 2 Trial Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l Min er Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 31 �SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS All semin ars carry 2 credi t hours. First Semester C ivil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies Comparative Law Crimi nal Law Development of Legal Institutio ns Estate Planning Fid u ciary Adminis tra tion Governme nt and Land Juve nil e Courts a nd D elinqu ency Law a nd Society State a nd Local Government State and Local Taxatio n Second Semester African Law Analysis a nd Solu tion oE Selected L egal Problems Antitrust Law and Policy Constitutional and Adm inistrative Law of Intern a tion al Organizations Corporation Finan ce Crimin al Evidence Sem in a r E nglish L egal History Estate Planning International Busin ess Transactio ns In ternational Law a nd R egio nal Organizatio ns Labor Law Law and the Industrial Society Law and Psychia try Law R eview Seminar Problems in Taxatio n of Busin ess Income Regul a ted Industries SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Senior Research Program projects can be schedu led for either semester. Interested students should consu lt the rules and regulations governing the Program, available in the General Office of the School. 32 �FIRST SEMESTER: FIRST YEAR COURSES COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST SEMESTER FIRST YEAR COURSES 1 CONTRACTS I (3) MESSRS. COONS, BECKSTROM The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling; contractual aspects of the law of Agency. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law of Contracts (2d ed.) with mimeographed supplement (Mr. Coons) ; Fuller and Braucher, Basic Contract Law (Mr. Beckstrom) . Continued in second semester; 6 hours cred it for the year. CRIMINAL LAW (3) MESSRS. INBAU, HEINZ Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures and fair trial rights of the accused and the state. Inbau and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice (2d eel.). LABORATORY SEMINAR IN PROCEDURE MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, HEINZ, INBAU, McGovERN; MRS. NETSCH; MESSRS. RAHL, RUDER, SACKS, SPALDING, THOMPSON Introduction to litigation procedure through analysis, in small groups, of records of selected civil and criminal trials. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH (l ) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, WALKER, WILSON Writing of several papers, long and short, designed to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in the written analysis of legal problems. Except for a few lectures of general interest for the full class, course meetings in groups of ten to fifteen students for intensive criticism and discussion of each student's written work. Strunk and White, Th e Elem ents of Style. 1 The figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 33 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES PROPER TY (4) MESSRS. SCHUYLER, GORDON Introduction to the law of r eal and p ersonal property. Historical background a nd bas ic property concepts; perso nal property including bailments; the cr ea tio n of p ossessory inter ests in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal in cidents of each ; cr ea ti on and in cidents of futur e inter ests at common law; r ul e in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable inter es ts and the foun da ti o n o f mod ern prop erty law. Fraser , Cases an d R eadings on Pro perty (3d eel.). T ORT S I (3) MESSRS. RAHL, SACKS Pro tection of p erson ality, prop erty, and r elati o nal interests aga inst physical, appropriatio nal, and defamatory h arms; doctrin es of tres pass, nuisa nce, neglige nce, r esp ondea t sup eri or , conversio n, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, sedu ction, ali enation of affec tions, malicious p rosecutio n, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition ; liability of physicians, h ospitals, la ndown ers, public service compani es, builders, contractors, governm ental bodies, ma nufacturers, dealers, priva te and common carri ers; operation of the judicial process as it is r evealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green , Malone, P edrick, and R ahl, Cases on T orts (Mr. R ahl) ; Gregory a nd Kalve n, Cases and Materials on Torts (Mr. Sacks) . Continued in th e seco nd semester; 6 h ours credit for the year. SECON D AND T HIRD YEAR CO UR SES MR. ACCOUN TING (1) Pr inciples of accountin g and the r elation ship of law and accounting. requisite for Corpora tions I, except for those studen ts who have r eceived credit for 3 semester -hours of accounting. Amory and H ardee, Materia ls cou n ting (3d ed .); Faris, Accounting f or Lawyers. BRADY A precollege on Ac- AD MI NI STR ATIVE LAW (3) MR. NATHANSON A gen eral introducti on to the legal pro blems of the administrati ve p rocess in bo th federal and state governments, including the constitu tio nal fra mework within which the administra tive age ncies op era te; the role o f administrative discreti on in th e developmen t of public p olicy; the administra tive interpreta tion of sta tutes; the r equirements of fa ir h earin g as appli ed to ad ministra tive procedure ; and the methods a nd scop e of judicial r eview of ad m inistrat ive d ecisions. J affe a nd Natha nso n, Admin istra tive Law; Cases an d M.aterials. MR. R AHL, MRS. NETSC H ANTITRUST LAW (4) Federal, state, a nd fo r eign comparative law and poli cy o n com petiti on and monop oly; a ntitrust law concernin g pro ble ms o f co nsp irac ies in restra int of trade, m ergers, abuse of eco nom ic power, p ate nts, boyco tts, exclusive arrangements, pri ce discrim ina ti on, resale price ma in te nance, un fa ir met hods o f competitio n, fo reign commerce. Pre requi sites : Administra ti ve Law a nd C ivil Procedure I (may be taken concurre n tly) . Bowie, R ostow and Bork, Cases on Governmen t R egulation of B usiness; R ahl, Cases and Ma teria ls on Ant.'trust L aw. 34 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ CIVIL PROCEDURE I (4) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person an d subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joincler of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcemen t; res juclicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Field and Kaplan , Materials on Civil Procedure (Mr. Waltz). COMMERCIAL LAW I (2) MR. GORDON Commercial paper: the concept of n egotiability and the uses and effects of notes, bills of exchange and checks; the use of documents to represent goods in sales and credit transactions; sureties generally and as parties to n egotiable instruments. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercia l Law, Cases and Jvfaterials; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition. CORPORATIONS I (4) MESSRS. RUDER, BECKSTROM Relations of owners an d managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits, and control ; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Prer equisite : course in acco untin g, except for students who h ave received college credit for 3 semester-hours of accounting (may be taken concurrently) . Baker and Cary, Cases ancl Materials on Corporations. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudul ent conveyances; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular atte ntion to the provisions covering liquidation; a comparison of the r elative availability and utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Materials to be announced. MESSRS. RITCHIE, McGOVERN DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS (4) Intestate succession; substitutes for wills ; substantive aspects of wills and trusts; introduction to fiduciary administration. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases ancl Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts (2d eel.). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) MR. V. KIRBY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life a nd at d eath ; the fun ctions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. P edrick and Kirby, 35 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). MR. O'BYRNE FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) The federal income tax aspec ts of various phases of business activity; the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements; the role of administrative and judicial processes in rnsolving income tax controversies; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed) ; Surrey and Warren , Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Material; Student Tax Service. MR. MAcCHESNEY INTERNATIONAL LAW (2) An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and sources of international law; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use of force in international disputes. Required of all students. Bishop, Cases and Materials on Int ernational Law (2d ed.). MR. CROWN INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (1) Both direct and cross examination of witnesses, including the qualification of experts. Primarily problems of laying the foundation for the introduction of various kinds of evidence such as physical evidence, photographs, and documents. Letwin, Assignments in Trial Practice. LABOR LAW (4) MR. J. KIRBY The law governing the rights of employers and employees in the establishment and maintenance of collective bargaining; the roles of the NLRB, state and Federal courts and arbitration in the enforcement of such rights; the rights of employees to organize; legal limitations on strikes, picketing and boycotts; administration of the collective agreement; regulations of internal union affairs. Cox and Bok, Cases on Labor Law (6th ed.). MESSRS. SACKS, KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) Training in client counseling, with approximately 8 hours of classroom work and 20 hours of clinical work at the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities of Chicago (123 West Madison Street). Legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. Clinical element of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid Bureau clients. Guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Freeman, Legal Int erviewing and Counseling, and mimeographed materials. MR. SACKS LEGAL PROFESSION (1) An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term 36 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS "practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client; the unpopular client) ; rules against solicitation and advertising; restrictions on the kinds of cases a lawyer can take, (conflict-of-interest situations; the "guilty client"; the "unjust cause") ; restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees; investing in a client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY AND COPYRIGHTS (2) MR. PATIISHALL The principles of the common law and statutory law protecting the means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. The principles of copyright protection, the statute, and its interpretation by the courts. Materials to be announced. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a circuit court judge in lieu of a final examination. MR. WALTZ TRIAL PRACTICE (1) Selected problems in litigation, both civil and criminal. Special attention on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and crossexamination and impeachment of witnesses, opening· statements, and closing arguments. Kaplan and Waltz, The Trial of Jack Ruby. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference to comparable problems in other democratic societies. Comparative Law MR. NEKAM An analysis of some proposed uses of the comparative method in law, with special emphasis upon the usefulness of such method from the point of view of better understanding one's own legal system. 37 �FIRST SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS Criminal Law MESSRS. lNBAU, THOMPSON A co nsideration of current problems in criminal law administration. Develoj1ment of Legal Institutions MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political, a nd economic id eas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil and common law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Estate Planning MR. V. KIRBY A co nsideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates a nd trusts, co~pora tions, future interes ts, insurance, real es tate transac tions, and income, es tate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in es tate planning provide exercises in drafting a nd the basic material for group discussion. Fiduciary Administration MR. V. KIRBY An advan ced study of the administration of decede nts' estates and trusts. Prereq uisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts. Government and Land MR. R EESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public co ntrol, the nuisa nce doctrine, eminent doma in, zoning, sub-division control, buildin g codes, city pla nning; state and federal programs of public housing; th e role of governm e nt in th e r eal es tate marke t, FHA, regulation of priva te credit in stitutions. Ju venile Courts and Delinquency MESSRS. LEFSTEIN , STAPLETON A study of juve ni le court theory with emphasis on legal and constitutional iss ues a nd the proper role for a ttorn ey representa tion. Attention to a sociologica l a nalys is in which there is consideration of the juvenile court's functions and dysfun ctions in the co ntro l of devi a nce. An examin a tion of the uses and misuses of social science knowledge b y the court. Law and Society MESSRS . SCHWARTZ, COONS An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social scien ce theory and research. Mimeographed ma terials. )\/fas. NETSCH State ancl Local Government Selected topics from the fie ld of state and local government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues a nd on problems of metropolita n are·as a nd with frequent inquiry into the appropriate rol e of the judiciary in solving intergovernm ental conflicts. Materials to b e announced. State and Local Taxation MR. O ' BYRNE Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state a nd local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes and 38 �SECOND SEMESTER: FIRST YEAR COURSES death taxes. Prior courses desirable in constitutional law, federal taxation, and local government. Hellerstein, Stat e and Local Tax ation. SECOND SEMESTER FIRST YEAR COURSES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MESSRS. NATHANSON, J. KIRBY The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation ; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social, and property rights. Barrett, Bruton, and Honnold, Constitutional Law-Cases and Materials (2d eel.) (Mr. Nathanson) ; Dowling and Gunther, Constitutional Law-Cases and Mat erials (7th eel.) (Mr. Kirby) . MESSRS. COONS, BECKSTROM CONTRACTS II (3) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MESSRS. SCHUYLER, SPALDING; MRS. NETSCH Transfer of interests in land by deed; the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; right in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage. Also open to second year students in l 966-67. Materials to be announced. REAL EST ATE TRANSACTIONS (4) TOR TS II (3) MESSRS. SACKS, WALTZ Course description rn the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Injuries to R elations (Mr. Waltz). MOOT COURT I (1) MESSRS. HEINZ, SPALDING, WALKER The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument. SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES MR. MACCHESNEY ADMIRAL TY (3) General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty. 39 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES ANTITRUST LAW (4) MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Co urse description in the list of courses for the first semester. CIVIL PROCEDURE II (2) MR. REESE Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I. ]\fa. GORDON COMMERCIAL LAW 11 (3) Sales and credit transactions in personal property: the title concept, allocation oE risk, remedies of buyers and sellers; traditional and modern devices for creating security interests in personal property with particular attention to Article 9 and other app licable provisions of the Uniform Commercial Code. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment ed. CONFLICT OF LAWS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey oE the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of law; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdicition of courts. R ecommended for third year students. Materials to be announced. MR. SHAPIRO CORPORA TIO NS II (2) Advanced study of corporate financial matters, including corporate reorganization and dividend law. Consideration of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation, operation and dissolution of partnerships. Prerequisite: Corporations I. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations and mimeographed materials. MESSRS. WALTZ, HEINZ EVIDENCE (3) The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; demonstrative evidence ; writings; presumptions and privileges. Kaplan, Louisell and Waltz, The Law of Evidence (mimeographed) (Mr. Waltz); Maguire, Weinstein, Chadbourn and Mansfield, Cases and Materials on Evidence (5th ed.) (Mr. Heinz) . FAMILY LAW (3) MR. CHAMBERLIN The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. J acobs and Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domestic Relations (3d ed.) . FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. 40 MR. O'BYRNE �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) Course d escription in th e list of courses for the first sem es ter. MR. V. KIRBY FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure a nd business of the federa l courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship ; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdicition ; venue; law ap pli ca bl e in federal courts; jurisdiction to en join proceedings in state courts; jurisd iction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civi l Procedure I a nd II. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System; The judicial Code and Rules of Pro cedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY (1) MR. V. KIRBY An elective course with res tricted enrollment design ed as a companion course for Federal Income Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the federa l tax structure. A critical exam in ation and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, esta te and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon th eir growth and development, their administration and resu lting effects upon the eco nom y, their need for reform and the possibl e future legisl at ive revision. INSURANCE LAW (2) MR. BECKSTROM Formation and construction of contracts for life, cas ualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insura nce companies under th e laws of the several states; appli cat ion of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates; reinsurance; r ehabikation a nd liquidation of compani es. Materials to be announced. INTRODUCTIO TO LITIGATION (1) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. CROWN MESSRS. SACKS, KE, OE LEGAL CLINIC (I) Course description in th e li st of courses for the first semester. {R. SACKS LEGAL PROCESS (2) A study of law as a process, with p art icular reference to, and comparison of, the various institutions, both official and private, through which th is process is carri ed on, including courts, legislatures, admin istrative agencies, ar bitration tribun als, a nd "private ordering,' i.e. legal arra ngements made by private persons and groups, often with the aid of lawyers. More inte nsive analysis than is possible in other courses of such pervasive problems as th e role of precede nt, custom, and policy in th e development of judge-made law; retroa ctivity ; the choice among sanctions used in enforcing law ; codification v. case-by-case development of law; the interpreta tion of statutes. Hart and Sacks, Th e Legal Process: Basic Problems in th e Making and Application of Law. 41 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES LEGAL PROFESSION (1) Course description in the list of courses for th e first semester. MR. SACKS PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE (2) MR. DIENNER Historical development of protection for ideas, inventions, and discoveries; patentability; securing the patent; amendme n t and correction of patents; infringement remedies, defenses, and procedures; assignments and licenses. Smith, Patent Law Cases, Comments and Materials. MR. McGovERN RESTITUTION (3) A study of the alternative remedies available at law and in equity for torts and breaches of contract by which the defendant has been enriched. Consideration of other cases of unjust enrichment, for example, benefits conferred under contracts unenforceable because of the plaintiff's default, the statute of fr auds, infancy, etc. Dawson , Cases on Restitution. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE (1) MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and crimina l cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. SECURITIES REGULATION (2) MR. RUDER Intensive examination of the securities law fie ld, including state and federal regulation of securities distribution a nd securities regulation. Examination of implied remedies arising from violation of federa l securities laws. This course is a prerequisite to the seminar in Corporation Finance. J en nings and Marsh , Securities Regulation. Knauss, Securities R egulation Sourcebook. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) Course description in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. HANLEY THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT GOUR T COMPETITION The Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition is a voluntary program conducted by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and supervised by Mr. Waltz. The program is d esigned to aid second-year students in improving the ir skills in brief writing and oral argument. It does not carry course credit. After receiving instruction in brief writing and oral argument in the early part of the semester, the student teams prepare briefs and participate in oral arguments before panels composed of judges, practicing attorneys, faculty members, and students. An endowment memorial izing Judge Julius H . Miner provides funds for meetings of a Moot Court Society and for prizes and expenses of admin istration of the competition. The winners of the competition become members of the team wh ich represents the School in the r egional rounds of the National Moot Court Competition, which is held in the fall of the following school year, when the members of the National Moot Court are third-year students. The winners of the regional rounds compete in the final rounds of the national competition in New York City. �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRO YEAR SEMINARS SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS African Law MR. NEKAM An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state a nd the interest this offers to the western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary Jaw and its administration, questions of constitutional law and the law of conflicts, the impact of foreign concepts and values. Analysis and Solution of Selected Lega l Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis on the written solutions of contemporary problems taken mainly from Illinois law. Antitrust Law and Policy MR. RAHL Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; antitrust problems of price discrimination, mergers, patents, and regulated industries; emphasis upon problems of counseling and of national and international legal-economic policy. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law course. Constitutional and Administrative Law of International Organiza tions MR . NATHANSON A seminar concentrating on the constitutional and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies constituting the United Nations family. Attention to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic d evelopment on a world-wide scale. Sohn , Law of th e United Nations, and mimeographed materials. Corporation Finance MR. RuoER Advanced problems in corporation finance, with emphasis upon income tax, securities, and general bus in ess aspects of financing the corporation. Examination of related problems peculiar to the financing problems of small business. Stress on planning and drafting. Prerequisites: Corporations I , Federal Income Taxation, and Securities Regulation (may be taken concurrently). Herwitz, Cases and Materials on Business Planning. Criminal Evidence MESSRS. l NBAU , THOMPSON The briefing and arguing of selected problems regarding the admissibility of evidence and constitutional controls in criminal cases. English Legal History MR. McGovERN A study of the growth of the royal courts administering common law at the expense of feudal and communal jurisdiction, with particular reference to the forms of action used to r ecover land. The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, extension, and transformation of trial by jury. Mimeographed materials. Estate Planning MR. Description of seminar in th e list of seminars for the first semester. O'BYRNE MR. O 'BYRNE International Business Transactions The international business contract; the law applicable; the documents used; letters of credit; marine insurance; arbitration; exclus ive jurisdiction a nd forum non coveniens; monetary problems. Ebb, International Business. 43 �SECOND SEMESTER: SECOND AND THIRD YEAR SEMINARS International Law and Regional Organiza tions MR. MAcCHES EY A stud y of the law a nd in stitutions of the Atlanti c Commun ity with particula r refere n ce to the Coal and Steel Comm unity and the Co mmon Market. Term paper r equired. Prerequisite : Intern a tional Law course. Val u able b ackground for th e semin ar: Antitrust Law. Stein a nd Ha y, Cases and Materials on the Law and Institutions of th e A tlant fr Area. Labor Law MR. J. KIRBY Legal and practi cal problems in coll ective ba rga ining and th e enforcement and adm inistratio n of coll ec tiv e agree me nts. Prer equi site: Labor Law course. Ma teri als to be a nnoun ced. Law and the I ndustrial Societ')' MESSRS. R UDER, DE ScHWEINITZ A n exploration of problems of public policy common to the fi elds of corporations, labor law, and trad e regula tions. Intensive preliminary instruction in basic eco nomics fo llowed by a n an alysis of th e poli cy considerations a nd econom ic framework underl ying the legal rul es in th e three fi elds. Prerequisites: Corpora tio ns I a nd eith er A ntitrust Law or Labor Law course. Sam uelso n, Economics, a nd ass ign ed r eadings. Law and Psychiatry MR. COONS A n exa min a tion of the assumpti o n s a nd purposes of the lega l and psychia tric d iscip lin es as they con verge upo n probl ems of m ental illn ess in the civil and criminal law. For m ed ical and law stud ent participa tion, hopefull y in equal numb ers. Goldstein, Ka tz a nd D ershowitz, Law and Psychiatry, a nd mim eograp hed materi a ls. Law R eview Seminar MR. J. KIRB Y C urrent problems in la bor law and industri al rela tion s with emphasis upon un settl ed areas of li t igation. Prer equisite: the Labor Law co urs e. Open to law review co mp etitors a nd edito rs. Problems in Ta xation of Business Income MR. V. KIRBY An adva n ced stud y of the federa l in co me tax on busin ess organ izatio ns, corporatio ns, a nd partn erships. An exploration at both the corpora te a nd shareho lder levels of th e tax treatment of corporate r eorga ni za ti o n, distributions, liquidat io n, a nd m ergers. T h e tax a tion of other forms o f doin g busin ess co n tras ted th erewith. Prer equisite : Fed eral In co m e Taxa ti o n. R egulated Industries MR. HEINZ T h e substa ntiv e law rela tin g to the regula ti o n of several industries (whi ch may include, so far as tim e permits, ra il and air transportation, broadcas ting, teleco mmunications, n a tu ra l gas, o il, a nd agriculture), a co nsideration of the eco nomi c, political , a nd socia l factors w hi ch affect th ese laws a nd a re affected by them , a nd a n examination of possible ca uses of the curren t "crisis in the ad min istrat ive age nci es" or "failure of regul at ion." H �ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars requiring the writing of substantial papers. Since the Trial Practice and Introduction to Litigation courses are substantially similar, no student may take more than one such offering. Regular a ttendance is required in all courses. No student should enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions in the discretion of the instru ctor or the Dean. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. A lthough examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the encl of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that elate is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is in eligible for a degree. 45 �Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars m which no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (pass) or F (failure). HONORS AND PRIZES In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence thus begun in the School is reflected today in the long list of awards and prizes given in recognition of superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, t~1e award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has clone most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law R eview, and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund established in 1962 by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921 , is used annually to 46 �provide a prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key for the student preparing the best paper dealing with some aspect of the law of local government. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H . Minor Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. The Lawyers Title LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. ·17 �AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subj ec t as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the mem her of each class at the School who has made the most sigriificant contribution toward over-all scholarship. WEST PUBLISHJNG COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the I nsurance Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the stude nt receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. DEGREES Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the Universi ty upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (.J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on page 30. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cwn laude, or sumrna cum laude. 48 �Public officials participate with business leaders in co-curricular programs relating formal instruction to current public questions . Seen speaking here is Newton N. Minow '50, form e r Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission. Degrees conferred upon students who h ave alread y obtained their first degrees in law are described in the informa tion concerning Graduate Study on pages 55-57. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educatio nal program of the Law School, the fo rmal course work within th e curriculum is su p p lem ented by a vari ety of additio nal offerin gs. Lectures by distin guished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the U nited Sta tes a nd a broad ser ve as cultu ra l adjuncts to the regular courses and emphas ize the broad er p u bli c obliga tio ns of the profession. In recognitio n of the Law School's role in the li fe of the p rofessio n, the community, and th e n ation, con fe rences are h eld which bring together leaders of th ought and actio n fo r discussion of subj ects o f major public im porta nce. T h ro ugh parti cipati on in these programs, the stude nt broa dens his vision and develops the se nse o f public respo nsibility which charac terizes the highest traditions of the bar . Ma ny o f th ese curricular supplements are presen ted by th e L aw School as an integra l part of th e ge neral edu cati onal p rogram upon a n occas iona l bas is and without sp ecial sp onsorship. Others are offered as pa rt of esta blish ed and continuing programs w ithin th e Schoo l. T he most nota ble o f these continuing programs are describ ed below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES T he Julius R osen thal Foun dation , ad minister ed by th e Law Sch ool, was es tablished in 1919 in memory of th e emin ent and b eloved member of th e Chicago Bar. T he fu nds are d evoted to th e support of th e R osen th al Lecture Series, which has ass umed a positio n in th e fore fron t among p rograms of d is49 �tinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some L essons from Our Legal History by Macmillan. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of H avana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other :/f,~says ]uri{i,ica l and Literary by the Commercial Press. In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title Bankruptcy in United States History by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T . Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title Th e Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and ,philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and. given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson '26, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N . Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as a volume under that title by Little, Brown & Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown & Co. 50 �In 1951 , Abraham H . Feller, General Counsel , United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume United Nations and World Community by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on " The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H . Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Shaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56 lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title Traffic Victims; Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern University Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a m ember of the faculty and formerly Dean of the Law School delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. 51 �In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by Doubleday & Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen of Law delivered a series of lectures on in a Changing World: Law, Politics under that title by the Northwestern the University of Melbourne School of "The British Commonwealth of Nations and Prospects," published as a volume University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Euge ne V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established m 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, an alumnus of the class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funcls for meritorious books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and Europea n authors. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of significant conferences. In 1948, a round table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R . Johnston, of the Chicago Bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. McConnell and Leo F. Tierney of the Chicago Bar; James A. Rahl '42, of the faculty, and students from the class in Trade Relations. In 1949 a round table was held on the subject " 'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago Bar; W. Willard Wirtz, the present Secretary of Labor and formerly of the faculty; and students from the class in Labor Relations. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of an Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," 52 �this being the sixth of a series of conferences h eld by the University in celebration of its centennial. In 1951 a conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." In I 952 a forum was held on the subject "Countervailing Power in the Economy: T he Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University, and formerly United States Ambassador to India. In I 954 a conference was held on "Chicago's Fight against Slums." In I 955 a conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report." In 1955 a conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." In 1956-57 the Law School was a joint sponsor of conferences on "The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" and "Chicago's Housing Code." In 1957 a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959 the Foundation was co-sponsor of a conference on "Freedom in the Modern American Economy," presented as a part of the Law School's centennial observance. The speakers included Arthur J. Goldberg '30, presently Un ited States Ambassador to the United Nations. J n I 960 as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a conference was held on the subject "Individual Freedom and Public Debate." Among the speakers was Adlai E. Stevenson '26. In 1961 a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N. Minow '50, formerly Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, and Roscoe E. Barrow '38, formerly Dean of the University of Cincinnati College of Law. In 196 l a conference was h eld on "Th e Illinois Professional Association Law." Among the participants was Crane C. Hauser, a member of the Chicago Bar and an alumnus of the School who formerly served as Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service of the U nited States Treasury. In 1962 a conference was held on "The Un iform Commercial Code 11linois." 111 In 1962 a lecture on Common Market Anti trust Law was given by Arved Deringer of Bonn, Germany, a member of the European Parliament. In I 963 a conference was held on "The Law of Space and of Satellite Communications." In 1963 a lecture on the Europea n Court of Justice was given by Albert van Routte, Registrar of the Court. In 1964 a conference was held on "Town and Country Planning: Apartments in Suburbia." Tn I 964 a series of lectures on the European Common Market was given by Dennis Thompson, a barrister-at-law of London, England. In 1965 a conferen ce was held on "Town and Country Planning: Planned Development Zoning." 53 �CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE The Law School cooperated in 1962 with several bar associations in inaugurating an annual Corporate Counsel Institute to be held at Northwestern for the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corporate counsel, considering topics of current importance in the corporate field, and providing an opportunity for discussion of problems among corporate counsel. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM Each summer the Law School offers a five-day Short Course for Prosecuting Attorneys and a five-day Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. Also, at various times throughout the year the School conducts conferences or seminars for criminal law practitioners, police legal advisers, and other groups with a special interest in criminal law administration. The Police Legal Advisor Graduate Student project described elsewhere in this bulletin under Graduate Fellowships is an integral part of the general criminal law program. In 1966 a conference on "The Supreme Court and the Police" was held at the School under the auspices of the Ford Foundation. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation awarded $200,000 to the Law School for the expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The School's early interest in the field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library collections in foreign and international law and by its long-standing requirement that each student pursue some international studies. In furtherance of its program the School has offered seminars in International Business Transactions, International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis and a course in Fam ily Law with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for additional facu lty and for visiting foreign professors, and they support graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-seminars and conferences in the field of international law. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES In 1963 the Russell Sage Foundation awarded approximately $2 10,000 to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University for a three-year program of interdisciplinary study and research in law and the social sciences. One purpose of the grant is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behaviorial sciences to the understanding and improvement of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplines. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School 54 �of Law (see page 76) . The Sage Scholars in the Law School ordinarily are expected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research activity. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES _,, In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Mr. Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, a series of conferences under the general title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September 1963. The objective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purposes of attempting to distill from the d iscipline of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man's understanding of himself and his society. In accordance with this general objective the particular subject of the first conference was "Compromise and Decision-Making in the Resolution of Controversies." The second conference in the series was held in September 1965 on the subject "Equal Justice in an Unequal World." GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D .). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than IO semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first 55 �degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law are required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may in its discretion require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. 2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law R eview or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college h aving equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. Informa l coffee hou rs offer students opportunit ies for social visits wi t h members of the Faculty and prominent guests . .56 �The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, normally runs far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, irt the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for botb,,~library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the faculty. 57 ��In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln_ -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE LIFE OF THE SCHOOL A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vi tality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a closely-knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 475 students. The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among studen ts. The beginner himself is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates are high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad. 59 �The library, where student meets lawbook and the training of a lawyer begins. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. Approximately 125 colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see pp. 90-91). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. It is a happy tradition of the School that a healthy spirit of competition, so helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession generally. 60 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although written, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique among the professions. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of the first year, students of highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Review. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are sought and preferred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fact that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Although Law R eview students work hard, they take one day off each spring to play a softball game with the faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the foibles of their professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Pol£ce Science. This Journal with a world-wide circulation is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous pub61 �Public figures, including a I um n i, are frequent visitors to the School and participants in its programs. Justice Byron R. White of the United States Supreme Court ponders a hard question in the final round arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Mr. Mr. Justice Tom C. Clark of the United States Supreme Court confers with Judge Latham Castle '24 and Chief Judge John S. Hastings of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals and student participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Program. Governor Otto Kerner '35 speaks to an alumni meeting . Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the faculty until his appointment by President Kennedy to the Labor Department addresses a Law School gathering . �Ambassador to the United Nations Arthur J . Goldberg '30 crosses the Law School garden with Dean John Ritchie. Mr . Justice Potter Stewart of the United States Supreme Court prepares for an appearance at the Law School. Under Secretary of State George W. Ball '33 takes part in a Law School program. �lication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its editor-in-chief and managing director. The assistant editor is James R. Thompson, Assistant Director of the Law School's Criminal Law Program. They are assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of some of the country's outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. The student board of the Journal, like the editorial board of the Law R eview, is chosen from among the highest ranking students at the end of the first year of Law School work and bears responsibility for preparing and editing the case abstracts, notes, and comments appearing in the student section of the Journal. Although several law schools have so-called "intramural" law reviews in addition to regular published journals to broaden opportunities for student participation in work of this kind, the availability of a second published periodical for student work is rare, if not unique, especially in a moderate-size school. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H. Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the prnparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include Associate Justices Arthur .J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School), Byron R. White, Torn C. Clark, and Potter Stewart of the Supreme Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise 64 �and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the honor code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The honor code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers and the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal receptions are held frequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social 65 �contact and casual conversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student leadership through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association takes a leading role in planning and conducting the annual orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbot Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities- Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Delta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi -have been established at the Law School. Members do not live or eat together, and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. They hold luncheons during the course of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they sponsor dances and informal parties. None of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics involving the legal fraternities and other groups on the campus offers participation in organized sports, and 66 �nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the University's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial number of the student body are married. At the social gatherings of the Law Wives, the student's wife can visit with faculty wives, discuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and attention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 67 �"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the School will commence with 50 students. The tuition fees are to be $100 per year." -Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean of the Law School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859. ADMISSION, TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL AID Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications for admission from every state in the Union and from abroad. In recent years there have been five or more applicants for each place in the entering class. As a private institution Northwestern must rely principally upon tuition income and gifts from alumni and others to meet the not inconsiderable expenses of maintaining the faculty, library, and other facilities of a law school of the first rank. Fortunately, a substantial portion of the gifts made to the University and the Law School is available to provide financial assistance to students in need of it. ADMISSION Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectu·al capacity, and qualities of character requisite to 68 �the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION Application forms and inf orrnation concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, lllinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant is asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools is sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, is supplied with the admission forms. The test m ay be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations on forms furnished by the School from two college or university instructors. The application fee is $15.00. VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. Ordinarily if the School is in session, arrangements can be made for the visitor to attend a regular class session. It is helpful, though not essential, for the visitor to telephone or write in advance to the Secretary of Admissions for an appointment. 69 �During the normal college vacation periods, the number of prospective students wishing to visit the School is large. This fact and the large volume of admissions mail and other business in these periods make it almost impossible to give extended personal attention to visitors at these times. The School holds an open house during the Christmas holiday and all applicants are urged to visit the School on that occasion. Each year a number of applicants seek personal interviews with the aim of thus enhancing their chances of gaining admission. Although the Admissions staff is always happy to answer questions to the best of its ability, applicants should be aware that decisions are made by the Committee on Admissions and that the only effective way to ensure full Committee consideration of special circumstances is to append a written statement of them to the application form. The Secretary of Admissions is ordinarily available to speak with visitors and can answer authoritatively or secure answers to questions not answered by this bulletin or other printed material. WHEN TO APPLY The completed application form may be submitted at any time during the twelve months preceding the expected date of entrance. Early applications is advisable. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college, or his professors. Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $50.00 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition or fees . No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. 70 �TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $15.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report must be furnished. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. SUMMER SESSION A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the Summer Session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in which he is perm anently enrolled. Information concerning the Summer Session may be obtained by writing to the Registrar of the School after January I of the year in question. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title ma y be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought 71 �that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested. Apart from subject matter the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily the time and effort are better spent in studies in other fields. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general ·education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $2900 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total slightly more than $ 1600 is required for tuition, fees , books, and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades 72 �of h is profess ional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in th e long run . In the interests of its students the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests it h as refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal edu cation of the highest quality. T h e cost of each student's educati on is on ly p artly cover ed by his tuit ion payments. A substantial portion is p aid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and fr iends of Northwestern. Tuition for the academic year 1966-67 is as follows: U ndergradua te Full Tuition First semester . ............. . ..... . ........ ..... ....... . ....... $750.00 Second semester ... . ................ . . . .. . . .. . .. . ...... . ....... 750.00 Summ er term .. .... . .. . .. . .. . . ....... . . . . .. . .. ......... .. . .... 375.00 Undergraduate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester .............. . .. . ... . . ....... 750.00 Gradu ate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 00.00 Resident in R esearch Fee Each semester ... . .. . ............. . . . . . .. .... ........ .. . .. . . .. . 25.00 Summer term ......................... . .. . ... .. ... . .. . ... .. .. . 12.50 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each cr ed it hour .. .. ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week ................... . .. ....... . 75.00 Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who h ave received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptan ce as candidates for a gradu ate degree are classified as graduate students. All oth er students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degree who have clone full-time gradu ate work at this University for two semesters are charged the R esiclent-inR esearch fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at the rate of $75.00 a credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars ar e ch arged the R es iclent-inR esear ch fee. FEES In addition to tuition , the following acade mic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged Application Fee .... . . .. . . ............... . ........................ $15.00 (This fee is not transferable and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (A n advance deposit of $50.00 is required of all applicants accepted for ad mission including those granted fin ancial assistance. This deposit is not refundable but is applied as part payment of tuition or fees.) Graduation Fees .Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0.00 Master of Laws . .... ... ... . ..... . . . . . .. .. . .. . ..... ... . . .... . ... 10.00 73 �Doctor of Juridical Science ... . .. .. . . . . ..... .. . .. ... ..... ... . .... Student Health Fee First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . .. . ... . .. .... .. .... ...... . ......... ... .... . .... . . Mimeograph Feel First semester .. . ...... .. .......... . ...................... .. ... . Second semester .... . ................ .. . . . . .. . . ... ...... .... . .. . Summer term ... . . .............. . .. ........ ...... ... .......... . L ate Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) ....... . Change of Registration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) . ..................... . ........ . ........................ . Late Physical Examination Fee .................... . ............... . Duplicate Diploma Fee ........ . ... ... . . ... ...... ..... . .. . ... . .... . Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each .......... . ................... . 10.00 30.00 30.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES T uition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are due in the first few weeks after the commencement of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues th e statements and makes all ad justments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Offi cial withdrawal forms are available at the General Office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of on e-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term a nd before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. R egardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the R egistrar of the L aw School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition . REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students in the following categories are eligible to app ly for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty 1 1n many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. This flat charge covers the cost of supplies and labo r to prepare such supplementary material. In a few courses mimeographed materi als are prepared by the instructor to replace completely an assigned casebook. In those instances where the vo lume of material is substan ti al an additional charge (less than the cost of th e usual casebook) is made. In neither situation is there any charge made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research , editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. 74 �and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern. Informa tion concerning these rebates and application blanks are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with that office before registration each term. Student5 should call for the rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. R ebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at th e Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS AND OTHER FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual 75 �appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted as early as possible and in any event not later than March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS In addition to substantial sums provided by the University and to the generous annual gifts of Law alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law School the following special scholarships and awards are available: Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are available for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient with average summer earnings to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships of $2,700 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Foundation. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students 76 �and lawyers 0£ the role of the behavioral sciences withm the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required 0£ candidates. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the Univenity or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob New·m an Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954 Charles v\Teinfeld made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. D e Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (L.L.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who 77 �is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years. Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Funcl. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955 a total of $47,200 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law . From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $230 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Blumb erg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $ 10,000 endowment the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be 78 �used each year by a male freshman scholarship student in the Law School of outstanding accomplishments a nd in need of financial assistance, who is selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance. Farm ers Insuran ce Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the last academic year was 1,000. Ernest V. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P . Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supereme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell, Class of 1899, scholarship assis tance is awarded annually to Hudents of character and ability in n eed of financial assistance. 79 �Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust [und established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since l 963 the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant of $1,500 to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving a nd fin anciall y needy student. Vi rgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his la te father, Virgil B. D ay. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual incom~ from the trust, which termin a tes in 1975, is approximately $1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Rob ert V. ]ones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided a nnually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, for a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship of $500 through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October I 963 the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The federation h as provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. John H enry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of .John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. 80 �Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. Amy Eloise Wright M emorial Fund. Joseph H . Wright of the Class of 1919, made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy or worthy students. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In 1966 the partners of Barnet Hodes '21 in the firm of Arvey, Hodes & Mantynband made a gift of $6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance. In 1965 the American Bar Association and the American Law Student . Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. GRADUATE STUDY: ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Admissions. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed 81 �Secretary of Housing and Urban Affairs Robert C. Weaver addresses a conference on Town and Country Planning . one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated duri ng that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they h ave a good command of written and spoken English. The School's graduate degrees are described full y on pages 55-57. Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to the Committee on Graduate Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago A venue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full informa tion concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on pages 72-74 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,400 to $ 1,5 00. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are avai lable on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students. It is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. 82 �FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,000 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean vVigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For many years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The School has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including Interna tional Legal Studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,500. From that amount tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. Since 1961 the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Through the generosity of the Ford Foundation several fellowships. are available each year for recent Law School grad uates with an interes t in careers as Police Legal Advisors. The objective of this program is to· train young lawyers for positions which may be described generall y as "house counsel" to metropolitan police departments or to groups of police departments in rural areas. The period of training under a fellowship grant is two years. The· first year is spent in residence at the Law School. During the second year, the student will actually serve as legal adviser to a police depart-ment. At the end of that period, participants in the Program are eli-gible for the Master of Laws degree. For young lawyers with one or more years of experience in the prac-· tice of law the yearly stipend ranges between $6,500 and $8,500. Out 83: �of the stipend for the first year, there is a deduction of approximately $1,600 for tuition and fees. During the second year a further deduction of $500 is made. Each year's stipend is considered tax exempt. Similar fellowships are available to recent Law School graduates with no experience as practitioners. The stipend for them is $4,200 for the first year and $6,500 for the second year, with deductions and tax exemptions as described above. Fellowship recipients may begin their studies either in the first semester (September) of each school year or in the second semester (February). GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Committee on Graduate Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. 84 �In this century four distinguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assumed the post in 1957. "Old Northwestern! That's where we learned our law ." -"The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29 THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI The bonds formed in the years of study at the Law School are enduring ones. The School through its Placement Service offers assistance to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in economic terms and in terms of self-realization and contribution. And the School's alumni band together both to keep alive memories and friendships of student days and to provide the support so important to the School. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student JOms the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of Assistant Dean William C. Chamberlin. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. The Placement Service compiles a com85 �plete listing of these opportumt1es, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current. That the bar is overcrowded has been repeated in each generation. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession as well as their clients they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorney-generals, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisers. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary Northwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years Northwestern for its size has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools 86 �A lumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion. in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities 87 �for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transporation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, Placement Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIAT ION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. 88 �Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1965-66 were: OFFICERS, 1965-66 Regional Vice -Presidents JOHN BODNER, JR. , '53 Washington President WILLIS D. NANCE, '20 First Vice-President HARRY R. HoRRow, ' 19 J OSEPI-1 H. WRIGHT, San Fran cisco Second Vice-President OWEN RALL, '24 HELMER R. JOH SON, '37 LAURENCE OLIPHANT, '34 New York Third Vice-President DANIEL WALKER, Cleveland '50 NORMAN M . SEVIN, Secretary 0. ESTHER Treasurer JAMES T. '34 KEGAN, Miami '36 '38 PAUL ZIFFREN, Los Ange les OTIS, '5 1 '56 Immediate Past President PAUL WM. CUTLER, '3 1 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Terms Expiring 1966 PAUL J. FURLONG, '47 RICHARD j. NELSON, '48 T erms Expiring 1969 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '29 ELROY C . SANDQUIST, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 ALBERT W. POTTS, EDWIN 0. WACK, '31 HENRY K ENOE, WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, J. DEAN VAIL, JR. , '36 L. AB RAHAM FISHMAN, CRANE C. HAUSER, '38 Terms Expiring 1968 HERBERT C. BROOK, CHARLES PATRICK L. w. '24 '4 1 '2 1 '50 HoN . SEYMOUR F. SIMON, PAUL GERDEN, '38 '40 '36 W. CLYDE JONES, JR. , EUGENE KART, '37 '49 TRIENENS, ETTELSON, BARNET HODES, WILLIAM T. MORGAN, JR. , j. '29 HON. LATHAM CASTLE, '22 '32 JEROME HOWARD '39 Terms Expiring 1970 BER NAR D M. EPSTEIN, GEORGE M. KEANE, ' 15 HoN . HERBERT C. PAsCHEN, '39 Terms Expiring 1967 JOHN j. CROWN, '55 '33 HON. J ULIUS J . HOFFMAN, '36 '28 MUFMANN, O 'BRIEN, '47 '50 EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR., '47 89 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Graduates Enrolled in the Law School 1965-66 Albion Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allegh eny College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . American University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Am h erst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Augusta na College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Barnard College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackburn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bowdoin College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bradley University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brandeis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brooklyn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca lifornia State Polytechnic Co ll ege. . Ca rleton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca rnegie Institute ......... . . .... . . . City College of New York · . . . .. . .. . . . Clarke College .. . ....... . . . . ....... . Colga te University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of St. Catherine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of St. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co ll ege of Wooster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co lorado College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Columbia University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Co rn ell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. W. Post College . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denison University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Den ver University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . De Paul University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePauw University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drake University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drew University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duke University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eas tern New Mexico University . .. . . . Elmhurst College ... . .. . ....... . ... . Fairfield University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Georgetown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grinnell · College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H arpur College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . H oly Cross College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . Illinois Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . Indian a University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ja ckson College . ...... ... . ........ . 90 3 I I 4 I I 3 I 2 I 4 2 2 I 1 4 I I I 2 2 I 3 5 I 3 5 7 2 I 6 I 8 3 I 2 I 2 I 4 4 John Carroll Uni versity Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lafayette College ......... . : . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . . . Lawrence University . . . . . . . . . . Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loyola University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marquette Universi ty . . . . . . . . . . McGill University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami (Ohio) University ... . ....... Michigan State University . . . . . . . . . . Monmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Muskingum Coll ege . ..... ... . New York University . . . . .. . Northern Illinois Un ivers it y .... .. . . . North Park College . . . . . . . . . . Northwestern University . . . . . . . . . Notre Dame U niversity ..... . . .. ... . Occidental College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University ..... Ohio University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . . Oregon State Un iversity . .. ...... . . Otterbein College . .. .. ... .. .. . . . . . . Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R egis College ....... . .. .. . .. ..... .. . Rice University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockhurst College . . . . . Roosevelt University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Joseph 's College . . . . . . . St. Louis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Mary's College .......... .. . .. . St. Procopius Coll ege . . . . . Southern Illinois University . . Stanford Unive1·sity Syracuse University .......... Trinity College . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tulane University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Air Force Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Naval Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Detroit ............. University of Illin ois ... . . . ..... . . . . (i I 1 3 3 2 18 6 I 10 6 2 2 77 25 3 I 4 2 5 3 1 2 4 5 3 2 2 l I 3 3 4 2 I 2 1 9 I 40 �University of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Un iversity of Maryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Michigan ...... . .. . ... 21 University of Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 University of North Carolina . . . . . . . . 1 University of Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Pennsylvania . . . . . . . . . . 5 University of Redlands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 University of Rochester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of Western Ontario . . . . . . . I University of Wisconsin . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Valparaiso University ........ . Vanderbilt University .... . . . . .. .... . Wabash College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -4 Washington University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Washington and Lee University . . . . . . I Wayne State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Western Illinois University . . . . . . . . . . 1 Westminister College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I Wheaton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Williams College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Total universiti es and colleges represented . . . . .. . . .. . .. . ..... . .. 121 91 �UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS J. ROSCOE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D ........ . .. • .......•. . President of the University Vice -President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M. KREML, LL.B . .. . . . . . . . .. ..... Vice-President-Planning and Development WILLIAM C . BRADFORD, PH.D .. . Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M.D., Ptt.D ., DR. HoN. CAus . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A ....•..... . . .. Controller and Assistant Business Manager PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D . . . . ..... .. ......•. OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION ROBERT H. BAKER, Ptt.D . . .... . .... .. ......• .. . .. . . .. .. . Dean of the Graduate School Dean of Men JOH N A. BARR, LL.B .. ••... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Dean of the School of Business WILLIAM T. BRAZELTON, PH.D ..•••.•.... . Associate Dean of the Technological Institute WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN , PH.D., LL.B. . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the School of Law B. J. CHANDLER, ED.D .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Education IRA W . COLE, M.S . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the Medill School of Journalism RICHARD J. DONEY, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences RALPH G. DUNLOP, B.D., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . University Chaplain WILMER B. EAMES, D.D.S . . . . . . . . .. .... . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Dental School JAMES F. FJLGAS, D.B .A .... .. . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean, Director of Admissions, Graduate School of Business Administration MERREL D. FLAIR, PH.D . .• .....• • ..... . .. . . ..... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School KATHARINE GEORGE, B.A ..•......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . University Registrar HAROLD B. GOTAAS, Sc.D . .... . . . .•. . . .. . ... . . .••. . Dean of the Technological Institute FRANK T. HARTZFELD, M.B .A ...... . .• . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration STUART K. HOLCOMB, M .A .... .. ..... . .....•• . .. . . . . . .... • . . . . . . . Director of Athletics KATHERINE HOWELL, M.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Assistant Dean of Women GEORGE HOWERTON, Ptt.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Dean of the School of Music ALLEN S. HUSSEY, PH.D ... ... .•.... . Assistant Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences PETER P. J ACOBI, M.S.J. .. . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Medill School of Journalism BURGESS H. J ENNINGS, M.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the Technologi ca l Institute J EAN JOYCE, A.B ........ . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Summer Session DANIEL R. LANG, PH.D ., LITT.D .. . . . . . . .•.. .. . . ...•.... . Dean of the Evening Divisions ALLEN LEIN, P1-1.D . .••.•.. • ... . .. . ... . ...• .. ..• . Assistant Dean of the Medical School MARTHA S. LUCK, M.A., L.H.D . . . . . . . . . .. •... . Associate Dean of the Evening Divisions B. CLAUDE MATHIS, P1-1.D .....•..... . .... . •• . .. . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School JAMES H . McBURNEY, PH.D., LITT.D .....••... . . . ...• . ... . Dean of the School of Speech GEORGE E. McCLAY, M.Mus ...•...... ...... • ... . Associate Dean of the Schoo l of Music JAMES C . McLEOD, B.D., D.D . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .... .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. • . Dean of Students JoE W. MILLER, B.S ... . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of Students GLEN E . MILLS, PH.D .......•.• . •.. . . .••• .. ... . Associate Dean of the School of Speech JENS NYHOLM, M .A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... • ..••... • .•..... University Librarian ARRAND PARSONS, PH .D .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •.. .... . Assistant Dean of the School of Music CLARENCE M. PEEBLES, PH .D ........ . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Dental School EDWARDS. PETERSEN, M.D . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . ...... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School FREDERICK B. RABE NSTE IN, M.B.A . ... . . . . . . .... .. . Assistant Dean of the Undergraduate School of Business C. WILLIAM REILEY, M .A •...... •. ...•. . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . Dean of Administrative Services CHARLES A. BALCIULIS, M.A .. . ... . .•. . .... .. . .. . . . .. ... .....• . Assistant 92 �JOHN RITCHIE, J.S.D .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . ... . ... •. ... . Dean of the School of Law Dean of the Technological Institute HAROLD A. SHAN AFIELD, M.S.J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Evening Divisions J. LYNDON SHANLEY, PH.D ....... . .. . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, J .D ...... . . . ... ... . . .. ...•• • Assistant Dean of the School of Law WILLIAM F. STEVENS, PH.D . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School KURT R . STOEHR, M.B.A . .... . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • .. . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration ROBERT H. STROTZ, PH.D ... . ... • ... ..... . ... . Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences GEORGE W. TEUSCHER, D.D.S., PH.D. , Sc.D .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . Dean of the Dental School PATRICIA A. THRASH, PH.D .... . . . . ..... . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of Women THEODORE R. VAN DELLEN, M.D ..... •• •.. .. . .... . Assistant Dean of the Medical School OTIS L. WALTER, PH.D . ... .•....... .. . .. ..•.... . .. •.•••..•. .. .... • .. . . . Dean of Men JOSEPH A. WELLS, M.D., PH .D .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Associate Dean of the Medical School RALPH L. WESTFALL, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . •.. ... . . . . . . Associate Dean, School of Business FRANCES C . YEARLEY, M.Mus . . . . . . . . . . . • •• ..... ... . . . . .•.. . . Assistant Dean of Women RICHARD H . YOUNG, M.D ... .... . . . .. . . •. •. . ....• . .• .. .. . . Dean of the Medical School F . GEORGE SEULBERGER, CoM.E . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION LYNDON 0. ADAMS, B.S . ... ..........•• .. .. . .... . Manager of the Treasury Department 0. of Student Finance of the University Press ANTHONY s. BRIDWELL, M .A..... . . . . . . . . . ... . ..•••• . Director of Development WILLARD J. BUNTAIN, B.S.L. ....•.. . .. .. . .. •... ... . .. . . Director of University Housing JOHN W. CALDWELL. .... .... . ..... • •. . . . . . . . ..• .. . . Manager of University Bookstores ROYCE E. CHAMPE ... .. . . ... . . . .. . •.. . . . . . . . . . .. .. . .... . .... . . . . . . . . . . •.•• . • Bursar RUDOLPH J . EISLER, B.S. , C.E . .. . .....• • . .. . .... . . ... . Manager of the Chicago Campus MAURICE E . EKBERG . . . . . . . . .. ..•. . .. . . . .... . Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D . . . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . .... . Director of University Placement WILLIAM L. GARRISON, PH .D ....... . • .... .. . .•• • ... . Director of Transportation Center STANLEY GROSS .•....... •• .. . .. •.• . .. . . . •. . . . .. . . . ... . Director of Traffic and Parking ROBERT B . HATTER, B.S ..... . ..... .. . ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . Budget Director ROLAND W. HINZ, M.A ... . . . . . . . • •...... .•• . . .... . . . . ... •... . . Director of Admission WILLIAM T. IHLANFELDT, M.A .... • ... . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Financial Aid Department CHARLES L. LONGWELL. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .••...... .. . Director of Purchases and Stores JOHN F . NORMAN, B.S ... .. ...... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . Manager of Investment Department JOHN C . SANDERSON, JR., B.S., C.E . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . ... .... . Director of Plant Properties SAM H. SARAN, M .S.J ..• . ... . . . . . . . ..... . Director of Public Relations and Publications ALEX C. SESSUMS, M .A ... . . . . • . . ..... . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Editor of Alumni Publications JAMES M. SLAVIN .... .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . ..... .. .. .... ... .. .. • Director of Traffic Institute DAVID G. UTLEY, M.A . .... . ... • . . Director of Int ernational Programs and Scholars and Director of Special St_u dents ALBAN WEBER, J.D .. . . ... . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . ..... ..... . ... University Attorney RAYMONDE. WILLEMAIN , B.S ....•.. . .....• ••• . . . . . . . . • •.. ..... • Director of Personnel J EREMY R. WILSON , M .A . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. . ... .. .... . . . Planning Coordinator LEONA BRANDES YEAGER, M .D .. . ..... . ..... .• . ... .... . •. .. . Director of Student Health EDWARD ANDERSEN, B.B.A .... .•........•••... .... ..• . • . Director ROBERT P. ARMSTRONG, PH.D . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . Director 93 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 17 Academic regul ations, 45 Ad mission, 68-69 appli cation fee, 69, 71, 73 application for , 69 Educational Testing Service, 69 Law School Admission Test, 69, 70, 7 1 open house for applicants. 70 pre-legal study, 71-72 summer session, 71 time of application , 70 transfer, 7 I tuition deposit, 70, 73 visits to the school, 69-70 Admission to graduate study, 81-82 Alumni association, 88 Attendance, 45 Buildings, 11-12 Classes, 22-23 Classrooms, 12-13 Course descriptions, 33-44 Course load, 30 Courses, required , 30 Curriculum, 31-32 Curriculum, three year, 29 Degrees, first , 48-49; graduate, 55-57 Enrollment, limited , 30 Exam in ations, 45-46 Expenses, 72-75 Faculty, 6-7, 23 Faculty adviser, 45 Fellowships, graduate, 81 , 84 International Legal Studies, 83 Police Legal Advisor, 83-84 Financial assistance, 75-81 application for, 76 Fraternities, 66 Grades, 45-46 Grnduate study in law, 55 Hardy, Clarion De Witt, Scholarships, 76 H eal th service, student, 20 Honor Code, 65 Honors and prizes, 46-48 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 61 , 64 94 Junior Bar Associat ion, 64-6!, Library, 13- 16 Loans, 75-81 Location , 10-11 Methods of in struction, 24 case method , 24-26 practice courses, 26-27 problem m ethod, 26 seminars, 27-28 senior research program , 28 -29 Moot court, 42, 64 Northwestern Universi ty Law Review, 46, 61 Ord er of the Coif, 46 Placement, 85 Prizes and honors, 46-48 Publications, legal, 61 , 64 R ebates to facu lty, staff, and instru cto rs, 74- 75 R efunds and withdrawal , 74 Sage, Russell, Foundation ~cholarships, 76 Sch edul e, typical, 22-23 Schol a rships, 75-8 1 Staff, 8 Student activities, 65-66 Student deposit account, 75 Student residence, 17-20 Student wives, 67 Supplemental Programs, 49 Corporate Counsel Institute, 54 The Crim in a l Law Program, 54 The Linthicum Foundation Program , 52-53 " Philosophy from Law" Conferences, 55 The Program of International L egal Studies, 54 Th e Program in Law and the Social Sciences, 54-55 The Rosenthal Lectures, 49-52 Tuition, 72-73 Wigmore, John Henry, Honorary Scholarsh ips, 80 Withdrawal and refunds, 74 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF ARTS AJ\D SCIENCES-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago. Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston. Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston. Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston. Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor o! Science in Speech. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston. Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, or four-year program omitting cooperative work assignments, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical , Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engineering. For information regarding any undergraduate School of the University, write to the Director of Admission, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201 . GRADUATE SCHOOL- Evanston and Chicago. Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education . (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Business Administration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism .) DENTAL SCHOOL- Chicago. Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high-school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgradua te studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago. Three-year course leading to the degree of Juris Doctor. By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-eight months. Also advanced study and research leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago. Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine; degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine granted after completion of first year. Also programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, and Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. EVENING DIVISIONS-Evanston and Chicago. Evening studies leading to certificates in Education Arts and Sciences and Business; and programs leading to th e degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Education , and to the Arts and Sciences degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in Education and Arts and Sciences fi elds. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago. Summer courses for graduate and undergraduate students in Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, Journalism, Law, Music, and Speech. For information regarding any other School of the University, write to the Dean of that School. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus l . Abbott Hall (Residence) 2. Chicago Wesley Memorial Hospital 3. Heating Plant 4. Levy Mayer Hall (Law School) 5. McCormick Hal.I (Law School) 6. Montgomery Ward Memorial Building (Dental and Medical Schools) 7. Morton Medical Research Building (Medical School) 8. Passavant Memorial Hospital (Patterson Memorial Building) F2 D8 G3 D4 E5 D6 E7 F7 9. Rehabilitation Institute 10. Searle Building (Medical School) 11. Thorne Hall 12. Veterans Administration Research Hospital 13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening Divisions and Graduate School of Business) L4 E6 E3 H6 E5 Future Proposed Site 14. Chicago Maternity Center 15. Rehabilitation Institute F6 F4 ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1966-1967</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXVI, no. 9) for the 1966-1967 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1966-1967 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1966 January 31 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETI Vol LXVI Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Second Chicago Ill BULLETI N OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS Where Write Calendar Officers Faculty CONTENTS Law Study Northwestern School Course Instruction Life School Admission Fees Financial Aid School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities University Officers Index Map WHERE TO WRITE Law School ADMISSION Applications Request Office Admissions Supporting FIN AN CIAL ASSISTANCE ADMISSION Summer Session · REQUESTS FOR TRANSCRIPTS Law School J ADMISSION Graduate Study D GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS J PLACEMENT OTHER ALUMNI AFFAIRS Address Law School Registrar Committee Graduate Admissions Placement Service Law Alumni Association Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS RoscoE MILLER PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR FRANKLIN M KREML WILLIAM 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Mantynband Mr Hodes American Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association Inquiries Office Admissions Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund GRADUATE STUDY ADMISSION AND FELLOWSHIPS ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Admissions English Secretary Housing Urban Affairs Robert Weaver Town Country Planning Experience English English School Application Committee Graduate Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University Chicago Law School Fulbright FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies Applicants Ford Fellowships Law School Dean vVigmore Law Library School International Law School International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties School Family Law International Business Transactions European Economic Organizations James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Interna Legal Studies From Since General Electric Foundation POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Ford Foundation Law School Police Legal Advisors · · Law School During Program Master Laws · Out During Each Similar Law School Fellowship GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional Committee Graduate Admissions Law School Normally Fellowships None Students Successful Northwestern School Law Dean John Ritchie THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School School Placement Service And School School PLACEMENT Northwestern JOms Law School Law School Assistant Dean William Chamberlin Placement Service Placement Service opportumt Each Placement Service Law School Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States Senators Northwestern Presidential Law School Northwestern Openings Northwestern Its Law School United States Northwestern An Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni From Law School Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Law School Placement Service Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIAT ION Over Law School They Law School Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School Moot Court They Each American Bar Association Chicago Also Chicago Officers Law Alumni Association OFFICERS WILLIS NANCE JOSEPH WRIGHT OWEN RALL DANIEL WALKER ESTHER KEGAN JAMES OTIS JOHN BODNER J HARRY HoRRow HELMER JOHSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT NORMAN SEVIN PAUL ZIFFREN PAUL W CUTLER BOARD OF DIRECTORS PAUL FURLONG RICHARD NELSON ALBERT POTTS ELROY SANDQUIST HAROLD SHAPIRO EDWIN WACK JOHN CROWN BERNARD EPSTEIN ABRAHAM FISHMAN GEORGE KEANE WILLIAM MORGAN J HOWARD TRIENENS HERBERT BROOK CLYDE JONES J EUGENE KART CHARLES MUFMANN PATRICK O BRIEN EDGAR VANNEMAN J WILLIAM CAPLES JULIUS HOFFMAN HENRY KENOE WILLIAM McKITTRICK Ho HERBERT PAsCHEN DEAN VAIL J HO LATHAM CASTLE JEROME ETTELSON CRANE HAUSER BARNET HODES Ho SEYMOUR SIMON PAUL GERDEN REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS ROSCOE MILLER PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR FRANKLIN KREML WILLIAM BRADFORD JOHN D COOPER ARTHUR ScHMEHLING OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION ROBERT BAKER CHARLES BALCIULIS JOH N BARR WILLIAM BRAZELTON WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN CHANDLER IR COLE RICHARD DONEY RALPH DUNLOP WILMER EAMES JAMES FILGAS MERREL FLAIR KATHARINE GEORGE HAROLD GOTAAS FRANK HARTZFELD STUART HOLCOMB KATHERINE HOWELL GEORGE HOWERTON ALLEN HUSSEY PETER JACOBI BURGESS JENNINGS JEAN JOYCE DANIEL LANG ALLEN LEIN MARTH LUCK CLAUDE MATHIS JAMES McBURNEY GEORGE McCLAY JAMES McLEOD JoE MILLER GLEN MILLS JENS NYHOLM ARRAND PARSONS CLARENCE PEEBLES EDWARDS PETERSEN FREDERICK RABENSTEIN WILLIAM REILEY JOHN RITCHIE GEORGE SEULBERGER HAROLD SHAN AFIELD LYNDON SHANLEY FRANCIS SPALDING WILLIAM STEVENS KURT STOEHR ROBERT STROTZ GEORGE TEUSCHER PATRICIA THRASH THEODORE VAN DELLEN OTIS WALTER JOSEPH WELLS RALPH WESTFALL FRANCES YEARLEY RICHARD YOUNG LYNDON ADAMS EDWARD ANDERSEN ROBERT ARMSTRONG ANTHONY BRIDWELL WILLARD BUNTAIN JOHN CALDWELL ROYCE CHAMPE RUDOLPH EISLER MAURICE EKBERG FRANK ENDICOTT WILLIAM GARRISON STANLEY GROSS ROBERT HATTER ROLAND HINZ WILLIAM IHLANFELDT CHARLES LONGWELL JOHN NORMAN JOHN SANDERSON SAM SARAN ALEX SESSUMS JAMES SLAVIN DAVID GUTLEY ALBAN WEBER RAYMONDE WILLEMAIN JEREMY WILSON LEON BRANDES YEAGER INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Educational Testing Service Law School Admission Test Admission Alumni Attendance Buildings Classes Classrooms Course Course Courses Curriculum Curriculum Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Faculty Faculty Fellowships International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor Financial Fraternities Grades Graduate Hardy Health Honor Code Honors Journal Criminal Law Police Science Junior Bar Association Library Loans Location Methods Moot Northwestern University Law Review Order Coif Placement Prizes Publications Rebates Refunds Sage Schedule Scholarships Staff Student Student Student Student Supplemental Programs Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Linthicum Foundation Program Philosophy Law Conferences Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Rosenthal Lectures Tuition Wigmore Withdrawal NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor By Also Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science SUMMER SESSION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Residence Chicago Wesley Memorial Searle Building Thorne Hall Levy Hall Veterans Administration Law School McCormick Hall Law School Future Proposed Site https://plrccollections.org/files/original/924607f77363ad3a5a9887078683363c.pdf 0a7e92b7f4d1ea9e7aab08cdd4951118 PDF Text Text BULLETIN NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �Vol. LXV March 29, 1965 No. 17 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Jllinois. Secc;md-class postage paid at Chicago, Ill. �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEM IC YEAR 1965-1966 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS �CONTENTS 7 OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTER!\: . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. ...•.•...•.••.. 10 T11F. LAW SCHOOL . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • • ••.•.••.. . . • . . • • • . . . . • . . • . . . . • 12 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional Campus . .............. .... ... . ... ... .............. ..... ....... Law School Buildings .... . ... . ...... .. ............... . ... .... .. .... ......... Classrooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seminar Rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Courtroom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Library ... ... .. .......... .................. . .............................. Student Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Faculty Offices ................................ . ... . .. . ..... . .......... . .. .. 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 19 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . ••.. •• ••• . . . • • • . . • . . . . 20 Classes ........ .... .. .. . ..... ... ... ........... ....... ..... . ................ The Three-Year Curriculum ............... .. .... . .... ...................... faculty ................ . ........................ ..... .. . .................. . Methods of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Case :Method .. . . .. . ......................... . ....... ..... .. ........ The Problem Method .................... . .......... . . . ........ . ........ Seminars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Practice Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required Courses . ........................ .. ..... ..... .. ..... . ............. Course Load . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Limited Enrollment .... ......... . ... . ...... .. .. . .......... . ..... .. . . .. .. . . Curriculum ..... . ... . ....... .. .............................. ... .... . ...... . Supplemental Programs . . . ........ .. ........ . ... . . .... . .. ... ............... The Rosenthal Lectures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Linthicum Foundation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Corporate Counsel Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . . . .. The Criminal Law Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... The Program of International Legal Studies .. . ..... . . . . .... .. . . . ... .. The Program in Law and the Social Sciences .... . .......... . ....... " Philosophy from Law" Conferences ...... ... .. .. . .. .... . ........ . . 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 41 42 44 48 48 48 49 49 THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION THE STUDENT BODY . . . . . . . . • • . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . ••. Legal Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... ...... Moot Court Competition ........... . ............... . ... . .. . . . . ... . . ...... .. The Junior Bar Association ............... . ...... . ....... . ..... .. .......... Honor Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student Activities ..... . ........... . .... ... . ...... . ..... . .... . .. . ........ Recreation and Social Activities .. . ..... .. ......... ... ... . . . .. . . .... ... . .. ... Student Wives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ 2 50 51 52 53 53 53 55 55 �Student Residence .......... . ... . . ... . .. .......... ...... ...... .. ........ . .. Student Health Service ..... ... . . . . . .... . .. ........... . ... .. ...... . .. . . . . ... THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM .......... . . ... ..... ... . . ......................... .. ... Admission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transfer .. · ·• · ..... .. ... Summ er Session .... . . .. . . . . .. . . .... . . . . . . ... . . ...... . . . . .. . . .. Pre-Legal Study ............ . . . . . ..... . Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . .............. . . . .. . .............. . .... . ....... Scholarships, Grams, and Financial Assistance . .. . . . .. .... . . ..... ..... . ... ... . Examinations and Grades ..... . ............ .. ............... . ......... . .... Honors and Prizes ... . . . ...... . .. . .. . .. . . ........ . . ......... . .......... . ... Degrees ........................... ... ........... . . . ......... • ........ .. ... 58 59 60 60 62 62 GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW ..... . ..................... . . . ... . .......... . . . ........ Admission to Graduate Study . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tuition, Fees, and Expenses ........ .. ........ . . ...... . ..... • .......... . .... Graduate Fellowships . . .. .... ................ . .. . . . . .......... . . ........... International Legal Studies ..... .... .. .... . . . . . ... .....•................ Poli ce Legal Advisor ......... . . .. . . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. .. . ..... ....... .. .... 78 78 80 80 80 82 PLACEMENT ... . .. . . ... . . 83 THE LAW ALUMNI AssOCIATIO ' R EGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UN IVERSITI ES DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX ..... ... . .. .. ... ... . .. .. . 73 74 77 79 . .... . .. .. . ........ 85 ... . . .. . .. . . .. ... . .. .. .. . . .. . . . . . . ...... 87 CALENDAR, J 964-65 ... . . . . . . ... . . . .... .. . SCHEDULES AND HOURS . .. 63 64 68 . . . . .. .. . .... . .. . 89 89 ... . . . .... 92 93 / �In practice courses adva nced students gain experience in trial procedure. Research in the law leads the scholar to volumes both ancient and current. �Class sessions frequently stimulate informal discussion that carries beyond the classroom. Pub Iic conferences focus on the role of law in national and world affairs and broaden the students' professional perspective. ��OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. Rosco£ MILLER, M.D ., LLD ., Sc.D., President of th e University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAMS. KERR, Vice-Presiden t and Business Manager fRANKLIN M. KREML, LLB., Vi ce-Presi den t- Planning and Development WILLIAM C . BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Dean of Faculties; Dean of th e Summer Session JOHN A. D . COOPER, M.D., Ptt.D. , DR. HoN. CAus., D ean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T . ScHMEHLING , C.P.A., Con troller and Assistant Business Manager FACULTY Jott N RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D. , D ean and Professor of Law ERIC E. BERGSTEN, B.S., M.A., J.D., M.CoMP.L, Visiting Associate Professor of L aw JOHN E. CooNs, B.A., J.D. , Professo r of L aw HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law JOHN P. HEINZ, A .B., LLB., Assista nt Professor of Law FREDE. lNBAU, B.S., LLB ., LLM., Professor of Law JAMES C. KIRBY, JR., B.A., LLB ., LL.M. , Professor of Law VAN CE N. KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professo r of Law KuRT LIPSTEIN, PH.D. (CANTAB.) , Visiting Professor of Law, Second Semester BRUNSON MACCHESNEY, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGovERN, JR., A.B., LLB., Ass istant Professor of L aw NATHANIEL L NATHANSON, B.A., LLB ., S.J.D ., Professor o f Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D ., S.J.D., Professor of Law" DAWN CLARK NETSCH (MRs. vVALTER A., JR.) , B.A. , J.D., Associate Professor of L aw WILLARD H. PEDRICK, B .A., J.D ., Professor of L aw JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J.D. , Professor of Law HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM R . RoALFE, LLB. , LLD ., Professor of Law Emeritus •on leave of absence, Second Semester 7 �VICTOR G. RosENBLUM, LLB., PH .D., Professor of Political Science and Law DAVIDS. R uDER, B.A., LLB., Associate D ean and Professor of Law HowARD R . SACKS, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law DANIEL M. SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D. , Professor of L aw a nd Librarian FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., J .D ., Assistant D ea n a nd Assistant Professor of Law JoN R . WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law FACULTY, SUMMER SESSION 1965 NEIL G. BLUHM, B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on Legal Accounting VANCE N. KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR., A.B. , LLB., Assistant Professor of Law HARRY B. R EESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law V1cTOR G. RosENBLUM, LLB., PH.D., Professor of Political Science a nd Law How ARD R . SACKS, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law ROBERT A. SPRECHER, B.S., J.D., L ec turer on Office Practice JoN R. WALTZ, B.A., LLB., Professor of L aw LECTURERS ZEAMORE A. ADER, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Institutio ns and Methods PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D ., Lecturer on L egal Anthropology WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on L egal Accounting JoHN J. CROWN, A.B., LLB. , Lecturer on Introduction to Litigation KARL DE ScHWEINITz, B.A., PH .D ., Lecturer on L aw and th e Industrial Society ALEX ELSON, PH .B., J.D., Lecturer on L abor L aw JEFFREY A. FILLMAN, B.A ., LLB., Lecturer on Corporations RAY GARRETT, JR., B.S., LLB., Lecturer on Corporate Finance and Securities R egulation R OBERT F. HANLEY, B.S. , J.D., L ecturer on Trial Practice HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L, J.D., Lecturer o n Legal Clinic JULIAN A. MILLER, S.B., M.D. , Lecturer on Lawyer-Client R elationships WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH .B., J.D., LLD., Lecturer on Judicial Process RI CHARD D . SCHWARTZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Law and Society HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S. , J.D., L ecturer on Agency and Partnership JOHN M. TEEVAN, B.A., J.D., L ecturer on Selected Legal Problems JAiVlES R . THOMPSON, LLB. , Ass ista nt Director , Criminal Law Progra m ERNEST S. WoLF, M.D., Lecturer o n Lawyer-Client R ela ti o nships TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1965-66 E. T. RAZZALL, B.A., (OxoN) ANDREW LONGMORE, B.A., (OxoN) PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK, B.A., J.D., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law R eview 8 . �FRED E. lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Editor-in-Chief a nd Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science JAMES R. THOMPSON, LLB., Assistant Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crim- inology and Police Science MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF E LEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Administrative Ass istant to the D ean D IANA M . DENISON, Administrative Aide to the Associate Dean M ARYE. LOGAN. Registrar JoAN F. Vo cT, Secretary of Adm issions MARYL DONAHUE, Secretary to the Dean M ILDRED F. MITCHELL, Secretary to the Associate Dean GAIL L GARTNER, Secretary to the Assistant Dean J UDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Clerk-Typist, Admissions Office IRENE S. BERNSTEIN, International Legal Studies Secretary DoRIS D . DODGE, Head Faculty Secretary HAZEL Y. BROWN, Faculty Secretary KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary J ESSIE L BROADNAX, Faculty Typist E LIZABETH SELTZER, Faculty Typist E LIZABETH L SIMON, Receptionist, General Office SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department LIBRARY STAFF KuRT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B .S. IN LS., P1-1.D., Librarian E LAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A. , Assistant Librarian and Head, R ead ers ' Services D epartment DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., M.A. IN LS., Head, Book Selectio n RoMAN SAJEWYCH, MGR.JURIS., M.A. IN LS., Head, Classification and Cataloging Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian DAVID R . BRYANT, B.S., J.D., Assistant in Reference and Foreign Law IDA M. OLSON, Secretary ETE LKA VAJDA, B.A., M.A., M.A. IN LS., Cataloger M ARTA M . PRYJMA, MGR.JURIS, Junior Ca taloger E LIAS VYTANOVYCH, PH.D., Assistant Cata loger SELMA KRAHN, Catalogin g Assistant ESTHER Y. QuIROL, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant MARIA C. C HASE, Reference Assistant in Charge of Circulation JoHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in Charge of Stacks HAROLD K. REEVES, B.S. , Library Assistant J EROME M ENEZES, B.A., Library Ass istant 9 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the Jaw; when the Jaw begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student and teacher. Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant share of the resources of the School. In furtherance of its objectives of excellence, the Law School maintains a policy of selective admission to assure that each student is capable, first, of benefiting from challenging instruction and, second, of pursuing intellectual goals with self-discipline and initiative. Those chosen are students of independent and seeking mind, who need not be led but who, on the contrary, can contribute to the education of their fellows in cooperative endeavor. Instruction is conducted by a Faculty who devote their full energies to legal education. The facilities of the School have been designed in the belief that balanced preparation for the profession cannot be confined to the classroom. The Law School, with its comprehensive library arranged for effective scholarship and its ample provision for informal conference 10 �and discussion, constitutes a self-sufficient center for legal learning. The continuous exchange of thought and opinion in a cohesive student body of outstanding men and women in close contact with a distinguished faculty recalls the classic concept of a university as an independent community of scholars. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The spirit of the profession is respected and preserved in the archiLecL ure and atmosphere of its buildings and in the traditions of student life. At the same time, the School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identified with forward-looking movements in legal education, the Law School today offers a curriculum arranged to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educate lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. In this century the law has emerged as a profession vitally integraLed with every phase of the nation's economic, social, and political development. With advanced teaching materials and techniques, a deep tradition of scholarship, the broad educational resources of a great University, and the professional and cultural enrichment of a metropolitan center, the Law School continues to educate its students for the broad responsibilities and demands of the legal profession and the service of its ideals. 11 �". . . these n ob le buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put-the teaching of law." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, June 16, 1927. T HE LAW SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. The study of law is the study of ideas, and history teaches that ideas may be born in the most adverse material circumstances. More important than stone and mortar are the traditions and the spirit which give life to the School and inspire its students and teachers. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment makes a unique contribution to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the noted Gold Coast, an area of fashionable residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf 12 �courses, and boating facilities. Near by, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here are located the buildings housing the offices of federal, state, and municipal government. In close proximity to the Law School, convenient for student visits and observation, are trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. Situated in the stimulating intellectual climate of the metropolitan center, the Law School enjoys unexcelled opportunities for laboratory study of the law in action and benefits in addition from the ready availability of outstanding specialists in every branch of the law. Frequent lectures, specialized courses, and supplementary class participation by leading jurists, practitioners, and public officials enrich the basic instruction. PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the eighteen-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, with dining rooms, cafeteria, fo untain, lounges, athletic facilities, and accessory shops and services. Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student broadens his perspective through contact with professional students in other disciplines but remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. Twelve miles north, on the original campus of the University in suburban Evanston, the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,900 graduate students are enrolled. This wooded, lakeside campus is readily accessible to Law School students for cultural events and intercollegiate athletics. Physically autonomous, the Law School resembles a small college, with the benefits of a cohesive academic community. As part of a great U niversity, it enjoys as well the resources and vitality of a broad range of learning. Outstanding professors from other schools and departments participate in Law School instruction to make available the contributions of economics, psychiatry, sociology, anthropology, political science, and a variety of other disciplines in the understanding and solution of the problems of human behavior which are the province of law. 13 �Bounded by the waters of Lake Michigan immediately to the east and by the surrounding campus, the Law School stands as an academic preserve in the heart of a metropolis, enjoying the benefits of a central site with few of its disadvantages. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings, functionally integrated and arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, also named for alumni of the School, were completed in 1960. The four buildings present a harmonious exterior, all constructed of lime1,tone in a modified Gothic design reminiscent of the historic structures of English law. The quadrangle completely encloses the Law School garden. Bordered by cloistered arcades, the garden, with its hedge-lined walks, shaded corners, and stone benches, is a favored retreat for students and Faculty in spring and autumn months. In interior design and ornament, the older buildings of the Law School are rich in the lore of the law. Medallions, seals, and shields in legal motifs decorate the oak-paneled walls and corridors, and stainedglass designs accent the windows, linking the student with the past of the profession. Some 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world. The atmosphere is blended in the newer buildings with the clean lines of modern functionalism. Both libraries and Robert R. McCormick Hall are air-conditioned. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of students in each class meeting. The classes are divided into sections for all work in the first and second years. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that ts the mark of legal education at Northwestern. In each classroom the student is provided with a continuous tabledesk or with a free-standing oak desk for his course materials and notebooks. In most of the rooms the student desks are elevated in tiers and 14 �surround the instructor's desk in amphitheatre style, facilitating communications, in both directions, between student and teacher. The three newer classrooms are equipped for the use of audio-visual aids. Lincoln Hall, the largest classroom, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating arrangement. It is used principally for major co-curricular lectures, public conferences, and student assemblies. SEMINAR ROOMS For instruction at a more advanced and individualized level, the Law School buildings provide four seminar rooms. Here small groups of students, typically from twelve to twenty, are seated at a single large table with a Faculty member for an informal and detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessari ly bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. Notable among the seminar rooms of the School is the Wigmore Room, named for the former Dean and furnished with memorabilia of his distinguished career. Installed in a concealed portion of the room are the Wigmore chimes, a unique musical machine that plays "The Counsellor's Chorus," the Law School song composed by Dean Wigmore himself. MacChesney H all in the newer building is handsomely furnished with a table thirty-five feet in length and richly upholstered �chairs. The Williams Room, renovated and refurnished in 1961, is similiarly appointed. The Frank Hill Thatcher Seminar Room is situated above the library overlooking the lake. COURTROOM For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom, complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators. Of striking modern design, the Getz Courtroom is used both for practice trials and for the argument of mock appeals. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library, with its associated research facilities, is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street, and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection contains over 225,000 volumes, is among the six largest law school libraries in the Western world and constitutes the largest legal collection in the Chicago area. More important than sheer size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building, and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas with individual sound-proof carrels open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to re-organize his course notes. The library is operated under an open-stack policy to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To free the general collection from the heavy demands of Faculty scholarship, a separate working collection is maintained for Faculty use. 16 �The course of instruction has been designed to encourage the use of these library resources and to assure that each student will be capable of independent and scholarly legal research. In a required course in the first term of his legal education, the student receives individual instruction in the techniques of assembling and using the varied materials of research in the law, from the most ancient reports to the latest modern developments. During the remainder of his studies he accumulates experience and develops his powers of perceptive, resourceful research through work in moot court, supplementary course studies, research in advanced seminars, and the preparation of articles and papers for the School's legal publications. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws, and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English language. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. Student lounges are useful for light reading and casual talk between classes. Study alcoves in the library reading room encourage concentration. 17 �More than one-third of the total co llection is made up of works in the fields 0£ toreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. Furthering its forward-looking policies, the library began at an early elate to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs, periodicals from all parts of the world, and the whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially notable is the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700 which comprises more than five hundred original manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula, that is, books printed before 1500. A number are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully 18 �fitted with the basic equipment for the use of microfilm and microcards, designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. STUDENT FACILITIES In informal give-and-take discussion with his fellows, the student lawyer develops his powers of analysis and expression. To foster these close student relationships that have marked the best in legal education since the profession's beginnings, the Law School has set aside a substantial share of its facilities for student use. Lounges are provided in Levy Mayer Hall for short periods of study or relaxation before class. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal student lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Its equipment and comfortable furnishings include a fireplace and, for lighter moments, a piano. On the lower level, adjacent to the locker area, are dispensers of coffee, milk, soft drinks, and snacks, and two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break. or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the fourth-floor study area. Here some eight rooms are devoted exclusively to student use for informal review sessions or individual study. Each room is supplied with reading tables or desks, chairs, and high-backed benches to accommodate f:r:om four to ten students. These rooms are open and available to all students while the School is in session. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities conducted under student auspices and control. The officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law R eview, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, the Student Book Exchange, and candidates for the S.J.D. degree enjoy the benefit of private offices. FACULTY OFFICES In keeping with long-standing tradition at the Law School, Faculty members are readily available to individual students for questions and conferences. The tradition is physically embodied in the Law School buildings, where each Faculty office opens directly onto the main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries. The arrangement leads to frequent and fruitful contact between student and teacher. 19 �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." THE COURSE -Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law. The course of instruction has been organized through experience, experiment, and analysis to offer legal education of the highest order, to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The program is designed to provide a broad training in the techniques of the law and an understanding of its institutions to the end that the graduate will be equipped for practice in any legal system based upon the foundations of Anglo-American law. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting a knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future . 20 �Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours during the course of the Law School's five-day week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon to break the pace and to permit the student to review his preparation during open hours before class. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in valuable act ivities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance will be distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, the causes of crime, and modern correctional theories. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with rocket construction. �The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions illustrate the fashion in which a dynamic law school today shapes its instructional program to meet the needs of the profession for the years to come. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three years of study for a degree in law, setting the norm in legal education. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. By attending optional summer sessions, however, students may earn their degrees in twenty-eight months. During his first year of law study, the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts, and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. In the first term, the members of the first-year class are taught the use of legal research materials and throughout the year are given individual instruction in legal writing. A senior Faculty member is designated as adviser for each entering student to aid in the adjustment to legal education and to assist in particular problems or difficulties. Some opportunity for elective courses and seminars appears in the second-year curriculum, and the widest choice is afforded in the third year. The student, however, does not normally "specialize" in the course of his law school career. The student who hopes to become a corporation lawyer, or a criminal lawyer, or a tax lawyer will, for the most part, follow the same basic course of study others are pursuing. The aspiring tax lawyer's program will only be a course or two heavier in the tax field than that of his com22 �panion who expects to go into corporate practice with a large city firm or another who plans to return to a small town for general practice. A broad base in fundamentals is necessary in every field, and intelligent choice can be made only from a general familiarity with the available fields. Lawyers quite regularly turn up in posts of responsibility neither they nor their law school faculties envisioned. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School permits a modest degree of specialization but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. In the second and third years, courses are frequently arranged so that the student will examine related fields of law at the same time and be made aware of their interrelations. An example of this functional integration of related courses is afforded by the seminar in Law and the Industrial Society, in which the economic, political, and legal problems of policy common to the fields of Corporations, Labor Relations, and Trade Relations are studied and discussed. Problems of law, especially those dealt with in advanced courses, are often involved with problems of business and government. In recognition of these ties, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies, and special lecturers are drawn not only from among the specialists in the profession and the faculties of their departments of the University, but from the business community and government as well. It is in the advanced courses principally that the student is offered the opportunity to explore the frontiers of the law and to work in close cooperation with the members of the Faculty. Small classes and frequent individual conferences on research papers bring student and teacher into rewarding personal relationships. In addition, a number of upperclassmen are chosen annually to serve as research assistants to the Faculty, each assigned personally to a professor to aid in scholarly activities. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident Faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice and a number have served in responsible government posts as well. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups, and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the teachers 23 �who conduct the classes, and many are widely used, standard works m their respective fields. THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. 1o longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the educational benefits of active participation, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly range in size from ten to twenty students. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is most effective in developing the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The methods of instruction in the Law School vary from course to course, in response to the nature of the subject matter, the role assigned to the course in the total training of the lawyer, and the teaching philosophy of the instructor. For descriptive purposes, instructional methods may be grouped in four general categories. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the first two years of study, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares, vicariously, the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies, in its use, with the approach of the 24 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School Faculty constitute basic mate rials of instruction. professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find tha t the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields . The class session in a case-taught course typically will not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, with the benefit of group discussion, the task of developing for himself an 2fi �understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it, and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career, the student is thus led to do what he will do throughout his professional life-to think, to analyze, and to decide on his own initiative. With their interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention are required of all. With collective thought focused on the problem provided or suggested by the case, there are times when minds stretch and their reach even may be extended. The mainstay of the firstyear curriculum, the case method of teaching, is withal a singularly exciting and stimulating intellectual experience for the beginning law student. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and increasingly employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the Faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session he, or one of his fellow students, will be invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those_ issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Sometimes a particular decision or statute may relate directly to the problem, and at times the class session may be devoted to the examimi26 �tion of a leading case and its relevance to the problem assigned. At other times the problem may fall in an area where the legal landmarks are few, and the imaginative use of statutory materials and administrative regulations is required. Nor are the problem sessions merely exercises in developing the technical skills of the lawyer in marshalling and utilizing available legal materials in the solution of particular problems. Often the specific, concrete problem supplies the perspective in which basic questions of social policy, of the why and how of the development of the law, can be considered in meaningful context. SEMINARS Opportunities are offered in the second and third years for seminar WOl'k in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from twelve to twenty, with the guidance of a senior Faculty member, the student will engage in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. It is in the seminars that research on the frontiers of the law is most commonly undertaken. Emerging areas of policy where the resources of the law may contribute include, for example, the control of atomic energy, urban renewal, extending equal protection of the laws into various aspects of national life, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. And it is in seminar work that the law student will be expected to cut across the disciplines and to bring to the law additional material from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Experts in such disciplines frequently participate in seminar meetings. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of friendly criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the highest courts. PRACTICE COURSES One hundred and fifty years ago there were no American law schools. The aspiring attorney prepared himself by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession. The advantages of such training are preserved today, within a systematic curriculum for post-graduate study, in the practice courses offered throughout the three years of the student's formal legal education. In these courses the student actually practices in skills that the 27 �pract1cmg attorney is called upon to employ, and through experience and through exercising his own powers, he learns the job of the lawyer. In addition to the elements of actual practice presented in every course offered by the Law School, instruction through practice is the specific object of a number of courses. Prominent among these is the course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program, law students, during the last half of their training, serve in the Clinic under the supervision of a Faculty member. The Clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare pleadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fills a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailir.ig professional standards, and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions before a court composed of prominent alumni and Faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of practice courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. In the first year, the student is assigned office memoranda on legal problems, under individual supervision. As an upperclassman, he may select practice courses in such fields as the drafting of wills and the planning of personal estates, or the drafting of laws and legislative documents. REQUIRED COURSES For a student to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, successful completion of the courses prescribed for the first and second years is required. In addition, he must satisfy the following requirements: a minimum of two hours of 'seminar work involving substantial individual research and writing exclusive of participation in the Law Review Seminar; one hour of Accounting (except for students with at least three semester-hours of college credit in that subject); the course 28 �in Professional Responsibility; Legal Clinic (required of all students who entered the Law School in September, 1963, or thereafter except members of the Law R eview); and at least one course or seminar in International Law. Although the Faculty may ch ange the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility will not be exercised so as to place an undue burden upon any enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling sixteen credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable condi tions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than fourteen credithours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Technique, Trial Practice, and Introduction to Litigation are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Technique, Trial Practice, or Introduction to Litigation can be accommodated. CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS I (3) * MR. HAVIGHURST The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law of Contracts (2d ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. MR. INBAU, MR. HEINZ CRIMINAL LAW (3) Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations ; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures and fair trail rights of the accused and the state. lnbau and Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice (2d ed.). •The figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 29 �LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND METHODS (2) MESSRS. SPALDING, HEINZ, ADER, LONGMORE, AND RAZZALL A first exposure to some of the legal institutions and tools of the profession which cut across traditional boundaries between subject areas: the common law system, the structure and role of the court system, analysis of judicial opinions, legal reasoning, bibliography and research, and legal writing. Written exercises provide experience in legal analysis of problems and research and focus attention on the critical role of the written word in the law. Materials to be announced. PROPERTY (4) MR. SCHUYLER, MR. COONS Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background and basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (3d ed.). MR. PEDRICK, MR. SACKS TORTS I (3) Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Torts. The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP (3) MR. SPALDING, MR. SHAPIRO Consideration of individual, partnership, and other non-corporate forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; fiduciary duties of agents and partners; partnership property and partnership dissolution. Latty and Frampton, Basic Business Associations. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON, MR. J. KIRBY The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. Barrett, Bruton, and Honnold, Constitutional Law-Cases and Materials (2d ed.) CONTRACTS II (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. FUTURE INTERESTS (2) MR. SCHUYLER Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; 30 �restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT I (1) MR. SPALDING, MR. RAZZALL The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest are briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the Faculty on the bench. Appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument are emphasized. TORTS II (3) MESSRS. RAHL, SACKS, AND WALTZ The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green, Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Injuries to Relations. SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY ACCOUNTING (1) Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who have received college credit for three semester-hours of accounting. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (3) MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of administrative determinations. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials; Gel!horn and Byse, Problems in Administrative Law. CORPORATIONS (4) MR. RUDER, MR. FILLMAN Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits, and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations. MR. REESE, MR. WALTZ CIVIL PROCEDURE (4) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appell ate review. R eese, Cases on Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese) ; Field and Kaplan, Materials on Civil Procedure (Mr. Waltz). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. 31 �MR. RITCHIE, MR. McGOVERN DECEDENTS' EST ATES AND TRUSTS (4) Intestate succession ; substitutes for wills; substantive aspects of wills and trusts; introduction to fiduciary administra tion. Ritchie, Alford, and Effland, Cases and Materials on Deceden ts' Estates and Trust s (2d ed.). MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) Training in client counseling, with approx imately 8 hours of classroom work and 20 hours of clinical work at the Legal Aid Bureau of United Charities of Chicago (123 West Madison Street). Topics covered include legal interviewing; human problems in estate planning, matrimonial relations, debt, and other types of cases; use of social agencies and other community resources in client counseling; the nature of the counseling process. The clinical element consists primarily of closely supervised student work with Legal Aid Bureau clients. The instructors are assisted by guest social workers, psychiatrists, and lawyers. Mimeographed materials. Open to students after completion of the first year. Required for most students; see page 29. SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) The e0urse is described in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. REESE MR. BERGSTEN COMMERCIAL LAW I (4) Sales and credit transactions: the title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, the uses of documents of title and the various types of security interests in personal property; commercial paper: the concept of negotiability and the uses and effects of notes, bills of exchange and checks; sureties generally and as parties to negotiable instruments. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Farnsworth, Cases on Negotiable Instruments; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition. MR. WALTZ, MR. HEINZ EVIDENCE (3) The tests and concepts of relevancy; the hearsay rule and its exceptions ; the law of privilege; competency and examina tion of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; writings. Morgan, Maguire, and Weinstein, Cases and Materials on Evidence. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) MR. PEDRICK, MR. V. KIRBY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Ta xation (mimeographed). A third-year course or seminar may be substituted for this course, subject to the requirement that either Federal Estate and Gift Taxation or Federal Income Taxation must be taken before graduation. MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE LEGAL CLINIC (1) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 32 �MR. COONS, MRS. NETSCH REAL EST A TE T RAN SACTIONS (4) Transfer of interests in land by deed ; the escrow arrangement; recordin g a nd regis tration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance ; rights in the land of another ; control of la nd use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord a nd tenant; rights and r emedies of parties to th e real estate contract and th e real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; r eadin gs in related problems of real esta te finance. Nla terials to be announced . SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Second-year students may take any one of the seminars listed in th e curriculum for the third year for which they have the n ecess;i.ry prerequisites. THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION The Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition is a voluntary program conducted by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board an d supervised by Mr. Wal tz. The program is designed to aid second-year stud ents in improving their skills in brief writing and or al argument. It does not carry course credit. After receiving instruction in brief writing and oral argument in th e early part of the semester, the student teams prepare briefs and participate in oral argumen ts before panels comp osed of judges, practicing attorneys, faculty members, an d students. An endowment memorializing Judge Julius H . Miner provides funds for meetings of a Moot Court Society and for prizes and expenses of administrat ion of the competition . The winners of the comp etition become members of the team which represents the School in the regional rounds of the National Moot Court Competition, which is h eld in the fall of the following school year, wh en the members of th e National Moot Court Team are thirdyear studen ts. The winners of the regional rounds compete in th e fin al rounds of the national competition in New York City. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ADMIRAL TY (3) MR. MAcCHEsNEY General principles of admi ralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, general average, marine insurance, collision, claims of maritime workers, and the limitation of liabi lity. l\forrison and Stum berg, Cases and Materials on A clmirall)•; supplementary cases (mimeographed). DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS (3) l\1R. NEKA::1,1 A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured cr editors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions aga inst p ersons and property, ge n eral assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances, etc.; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular atten tion to the provisions covering liquidation; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures, judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. Moore, D ebtors' and Creditors' R ights: Cases and Materials. �FAMILY LAW (3) MR. NEKAM The law p ertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domest£c Relations (3d ed.) . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) MR. PEDRICK, MR. V. KIRBY The federal income tax aspects of various phases of business activity; the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements; the role of administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies ; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed) ; Surrey and Waren, Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (1) MR. CROWN The preparation of pleadings including complaints, answers, bills of particulars, interrogatories, and other pretrial motions employed in both civil and criminal cases. Classroom work will consist of both direct and cross examination of witnesses, including the qualification of experts, and will deal primarily with problems of laying the foundation for the introduction of various kinds of evidence such as physical evidence, photographs, and documents. MR. J. KIRBY The rights of employees to organize and bargain collectively with their employers; limitations on management prerogatives resulting from the collective bargaining relationship ; legal limitations on strikes, picketing and boycotts; remedies for infringement of collective bargaining relationship rights and the role of courts, arbitrators, and the NLRB; inter-union and intra-union rights and obligations. Cox and Bok, Cases on Labor Law; supplementary mimeographed materials. LABOR RELATIONS (4) LEGAL CLINIC (1) MR. SACKS, MR. KENOE The course is described in the list of courses for first semester of the second year. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (I) MR. SACKS Essential and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession : the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court ; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-governing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regarding the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings and problems. Required of all students. Materials to be announced. 34 �TRADE RELATIONS (4) MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boyco tts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale pri ce maintenan ce, unfair methods of competition , foreign commerce. Oppenheim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl, Supplementary Cases and Materials on Trade R elations (m imeographed). TRIAL PRACTICE (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to litiga tion in which the student prepares, pleads and tries a relatively uncomplicated negligence action. The course includes the witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) lVIR. \ NALTZ The anatomy of a civil lawsuit. Under the instructor's sup 2rvision stud ents investigate, plead, and try a jury case. Special attention is given on a practical level to dep os ition-taking and other discovery techniques, jury selection , introduction of ev idence, expert testimony, direct and cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements and closing arguments. Goldstein, Trial T echnique; Davis, Paint ing the Picture (mimeographed). Northwestern 's criminal law program includes a series of' annual conferences and short courses in the field of crimin al law administration . �SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Advanced Commercial Law MR. BERGSTEN Advanced work in problem areas of security interests in personal property: financing of inventory, accounts receivable, after-acquired property clauses, and the relative priority of security interests; investment securities: negotiability, registration and transfer. Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition, and mimeographed materials. Constitu tional and Administrative Law of Int ernational Organizations MR. NATHANSON The seminar concentrates on the constitutional and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized age ncies constituting the United Nations family. Attention is also directed to the emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development on a world-wide scale. Sohn, Law of the United Nations, and additional mimeographed materials. MR. Criminal Law A consideration of current problems in criminal law administration. INBAU Development of Legal Institutions MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law and of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil and common law, codes and precedent, development of courts and of the legal profession. Estate Planning MR. V. KIRBY Alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes are considered in the light of the principles from the fields of Decedents' Estates and Trusts, Corporations, Future Interests, Insurance, Real Estate Transactions, and Income, Estate and Gift Taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Fiduciary Administration MR. V. KIRBY An advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Satisfactory completion of the course in Decedents' Estates and Trusts, or its equivalent, is a prerequisite. Government and Land MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. Intellectual Property MR. RAHL Introduction to the law protecting trademarks, copyrights, patents, and "know-how" through group study and individual research on current problems. 36 �Exploring new areas of the law, seminar students work closely with Faculty and distinguished lecturers. MR. BERGSTEN International Business Transactions The international business contract : the law applicable; the documents used; letters of credit ; marine insurance; arbitration; exclusive jurisdiction and forum non coveniens; monetary problems. Mimeographed materials. International Law MR. MAcCHESNEY A study of the law and institutions of the Atlantic Community with particular reference to the Coal and Steel Community and the Common Market. A term paper is required. Stein and Hay, Cases and JVIaterials on the Law and Institutions of th e Atlantic Area. Jurisprudence MR. SACKS A study of law as an on-going, purposive process, with particular reference to, and comparison of, the various institutions, both official and private, through which this process is carried on. These institutions include courts, legislatures, administrative agencies, arbitration tribunals, and "private ordering," i.e., legal arrangements made by private p ersons with the aid of lawyers. Legal issues analyzed come from such problem areas as statutory interpretation; retroactivity; the role of precedent and of custom in the development of law. Hart &: Sacks, Th e L egal Process: Basic Problem s in the Making and Application of Law. Securities R egulation MR. GARRETT Intensive examination of the securities law field, including state and federal regulation of securities distribution and securities regulation. Examination of implied remedies arising from violation of federal securities laws. Corollary discussion of problems in corporate finance. This seminar is a prerequisite to the seminar in Corporation Finance, offered in the second semester. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation. 37 �SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR. MAcCHESNEY, MR. LIPSTEIN Legal consequences for persons and property of interstate and international transactions; an examination of the allocation of legislative and judicial competence between the nations and between the states; principles of reciprocity and comity underlying the exercise of jurisdiction and choice of law; the impart of the Constitution on interstate transactions and of treaties and customary law on international transactions ; resolutions of conflicts of legal systems; full faith and credit and "Act of State"; scope of public policy; criteria for choice of law and abstention from exercise of jurisdiction; minimum standards for international trade and due process; the control of the use of force in the settlement of disputes. FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions ; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction ; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to en join proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. H art and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federa l System; Th e Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY (! ) MR. V. KIRBY An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a companion course for Federal Income Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to thos e interested in the goyernment policies underlying the federa l tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and develop· ment, their administration and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for r eform and the possible future legislative revision. MR. HAVIGH URST INSURANCE LAW (2) Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insurance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; m easures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates ; reinsurance ; rehabilitation and liquidation of companies. Goble, Cases on Insu rance Law (2d ed .). INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION (I) MR. CROWN The course is described in the list of courses for th e first semester. LEGAL CLINIC (1) The course is described second year. 38 l\IR. SACKS, MR. KENOE 111 the list of courses for the first semester of the �PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE (2) Instructor to be Announced Studies of the practice relating to inventions; patentable subj ect matter, Patent Office pract ice, interferences, infringements, damages, and in junctions. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (I) MR. SACKS The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. RESTITUTION (3) MR. McGovERN The principles and remedies available, at law and in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE ( I ) MR. lNBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. TRIAL PRACTICE (1 ) MR. HANLEY The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Analysis and Solution of Selected L egal Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary emphasis is placed on the written solutions of contemporary prob. !ems taken mainly from Illinois law. MR. RAHL, MRS. NETSCH Antitrust Law Advanced study of a ntitrust law and policy; antitrust problems of price discrimination, mergers, patents, and regulated industries; emphasis upon problems, writing, and legal-economic cons iderations. The course in Trade Relations is a prerequisite. Civil Liberties in Mod ern Democratic Socities MR. NATHANSON, MR. RosENBLUM Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press, association, and religion ; separation of church and state; equality of political, social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention will be directed to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference will also be made to comparable problems in other democratic societies. Compara tive Law MR. LIPSTEIN An analysis of some proposed uses of the comparative method in law, with special emphasis upon the usefulness of such method from the point o( view of better understanding one's own legal system. 39 �Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Advanced problems in corporation finance, with emphasis upon income tax, securities, an d general business aspects of financing the corporation. Examination of r elated problems peculiar to the financing problems of small business. Stress will be placed on plann ing and drafting. Prer equisites: Corporations, Federal Income Taxation , and Securities R egul ation. Assigned readings. Criminal Evidence Seminar MR. ! NBAU Selected problems regarding the admissibility of evidence in criminal cases. Estate Planning MR. P E DRICK This seminar is d escribed in the list of seminars for the first semester. Int ernational Comparative Antitrust Law (2) MR. RAH L, MR. B ERGSTEN Study of antitrust law and policy relating to intern ational and foreign activ ities; examination of application of American antitrust laws to for eign commerce; also examina tion of a ntitrust laws of the Eu ropean Common Market and of th e U nited Kingdom, Fra nce, Germany, a nd selected other foreign nations. The course in Trade R elations is a prerequisite. Labor L aw MR. J. KIRBY Collective bargaining; draftin g and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. Participation in the course in Labor R elations is a prer equisite. Law and So ciety ]\!JR. CooNs, MR. SCHWARTZ An exploration of the nature of the legal process as viewed in terms of social science theory and research. Mimeographed materials. Law and the Industria l Society MESSRS. RAHL, R UDE R, J. KIRBY, AND DE S CHWEINITZ An exploration of problems of public policy common to th e fields of corporations, labor law, and trade r egulations. Intensive preliminary instruction in basic economics followed by an analysis o f the policy considerations and economic framework und erlying the legal rul es in the three fields. Prerequisites: Corporations and either Trade R elations or Labor R elations. Samuelson, Economics, and assign ed re adin gs. Legal Anthropology MR. COO NS, MR. BOHANNAN Exam in ation of cultural-legal structures in societies commonly styled "primitive," including modes of dispute settling, substantive rules and their sources, interrelation of indigenous and colonial law, choice of law in pluralistic societies, a nd methodology in res earch. Hoebel, The Law of Primitive Man. Legal H istory MR. McGOVERN The history of the common law, beginning with a brief survey of the sources of law and development of legal institutions, followed by a study of the history 40 �of selected areas of substantive law, such as succession to property and liability in crime and tort. Problems in Taxation of Business In come MR. V. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations and partnerships. The tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation and mergers will be explored at both the corporate and the shareholder levels; the taxation of other forms of doing business will be contrasted therewith. Enrollment restricted to those who have satisfactorily completed the basic income tax course or its equivalent. R egulated Industries MR. HEINZ The substantive law relating to the regulation of several industries (which may include, so far as time permits, rail a nd air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, o il, and agriculture), a consideration of the economic, political, and social factors which affect these laws and are affected by them, and an examination of possible causes of the current "crisis in the administrative agencies" or "failure of regulation ." Securities R egulation i\IR. R u oER This seminar is described in the list of seminars for the first semester. State and Local Government MRs. NETSCH Deals with topics selected from the wide and rapidly changing field of state and local government. In view of the great and increasing urbanization of the United States, the seminar centers on the government of metropolitan areas, with emphasis on the relationships of governmental bodies to each other under the increasing impact of federal financing and activity in such fields as transportation, water, police, housing and city planning. Materials to be announced. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses a n<l emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program, upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these established programs are described below. 41 �THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars haYe given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle J-Joldsworth. Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford Univers ity. These lectures were published under the titl e "Some Lessons from Our Legal History," by the Macmillan Company. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamant e of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison," in "The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary" by the Commercial Press. In 1931, J ean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the Un iversity of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published under the title "Bankruptcy in United States History," by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published und er the title "The Trial Judge," by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were publish ed under the title "The Law in Quest of Itself" by the Foundation Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development o.f the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Adlai E. Stevenson, who is presently serving as United States Ambassador to the United Nations. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of Internatio n al Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on " The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subj ect "On Understandin g th e Supreme Court," published as a volume und er that title by Little, Brown & Co. 42 �In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivercc.l a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume und er the title "U njust Enrichment, A Comparative Analysis," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations," published as a volume under the title "Un ited Nations and World Community," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the title "The Washington Lawyer," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liabi lity of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of I 952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization ; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title "Law and the Conditions of Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United States," by the University of ·wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvarc.l University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Cons.titution," by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean , School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L.A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published as a volume under the title "Traffic Victims ; Tort Law and Insurance," by the Northwestern Univers icy Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation ," published as a volume under that title by the Ronald Press. 43 �Public officials participate with business leaders in co-curricular programs, relating formal instruction to current public questions . In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal m Ordinary of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its Compass," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently a member of the Faculty, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A . Pik e, Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as a volume under the title "Beyond The Law," by Doubleday & Company, Inc. In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "R eligion and American Constitutions," published as a vol ume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen of the University of Melbourne School of Law delivered a series of lectures on "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press. In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, an alumnus of the class of 1882, a member of the Law School Faculty from 1902 to 191 5, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The incom e of the fund is d evoted to the support of 44 �research, study, and development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds for meritorious books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and European authors. In recent years, the Foundation h as sponsored a number of significant conferences. In 1948, a round table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. M'.cConnell and Leo F. Tiern ey of the Chicago Bar; James A. Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Tracie Relations. In 1949, a round table was held on the subject " 'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of th e Chicago Bar; W . Willard Wirt z, the present Secretary of Labor an d formerly of the Faculty; and students from the class in Labor Relations. In 1951, the Foundation contributed to the support of an Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of a series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In l 951 , a conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and ·wage Stabilization." In 1952, a forum was held on the subject "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was ]. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University, and formerly United States Ambassador to India. In 1954, a conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955, a conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report. " In 1955, a conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." In 1956-57, the Law School was a joint sponsor of conferences on "The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" and "Chicago's Housing Code." In 1957, a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959, the Foundation was co-sponsor of a conference on "Freedom in the Modern American Economy," presented as a part of the Law School's centennial observance. The speakers included Arthur ]. Goldberg, presently an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and an alumnus of the School. In 1960, as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a conference was held on the subject "Individual Freedom and Public Debate." Among the speakers was Adlai E. Stevenson, the present United States Ambassador to the United Nations and an alumnus of the School. In 1961 , a conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N. Minow, formerly Chairman 45 �The student residence is the scene of man y hours of study-essential to a legal education . Library resea rch, with ready access by students to wide-ranging source materials , supp lements classroom wo rk. 4r, �Informal coffee hours offer students opportunities for social visi ts with membe rs of the Faculty and prominent guests. Outstanding legal scholars present annual lectures as part of the Schoo l' s su pplemental programs . A recent vi si tor was 1he Right Hon . Lord Radcliffe , Lord of Appeal in Ordinar y of the United Kingdom . Rigorous traditions of scholarship make participation in the work of the Low Review a rewarding experience . �of th e Federal Communi cations Commissio n, and Roscoe E. Barrow, formerly Dean of the U niversity of Cincinn at i Coll ege of Law, both alumni of the School. In 196 1, a conference was h eld on "Th e Illinois Profess ional Association Law." Among the participants was Crane C. Hauser, a member of the Chicago bar and an alumnus of the School who formerly served as Chief Counsel of the Internal R evenue Service of the U nited Sta tes Treasury. In 1962, a co nferen ce was h eld on "Th e U niform Commercial Code in Illinois. " In 1962, a lecture on Commo n Market An titrust Law was given by A rved Deringer of Bonn, Germany, a member of the Euro pea n Parliament. In 1963, a conference was held on "Th e Law of Space and of Satellite Communi cations." In 1963, a lecture on th e Eu ropean Court of Justice was given by Albert va n Hou/Le, R egistr ar of th e Court. In ]964, a co nference was held on "Town a nd Coun try Plan ning: Apartments in Suburbia." In l 964, a series of lectures on the European Common Market was given by D ennis ThomjJson , a barrister-a t-law of London, Engla nd. CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE The Law School cooperated in 1962 with several bar associations in inaugurating an an nual Corporate Counsel Institute to be held at Northwestern for the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corporate counsel, considerin g top ics of current importa nce in the corporate field, a nd providing an opportunity for discussion of problems among corporate counsel. Attendance at the Institute h as grown to about 360 lawyers annually. The Fourth Annual Corporate Counsel Institute will b e held on October 14 and 15, 1965. David S. Ruder, Associate Dean and Professor of L aw, serves as Director of the Institute. THE CRIMIN AL LAW PROGRAM Each summer the Law School offers a five-day Short Course for Prosecuting Attorneys and a fiv e-day Short Course for Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases. Also, at various times throughout the year th e School conducts conferen ces or seminars for criminal law practitioners, police legal advisors, and other groups with a special interest in criminal law adm inistration . The Police Legal Advisor Graduate Student proj ect d escribed elsewhere in this bulletin under "Graduate Fellowships" is an integral part of the general criminal law program. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957, the Ford Foundation awarded i200,000 to the Law School for the expansion of its program in Interna tional Legal Studies. The School's early interest in the field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library collections in foreign and international law and by its long-standing requirement that each student pursue some international studies. In furtherance of its pro48 �gram, the School has offered seminars in International Business Transactions, International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis, and a course in Family Law, with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for additional Faculty and for visiting foreign professors, and they support graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-seminars and conferences in the field of international law. THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES In 1963, the Russell Sage Foundation awarded approximately $210,000 to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University for a three-year program of interdisciplinary study and research in law and the social sciences. One purpose of the grant is to stimulate awareness of lawyers and law students of the contribution of the behavioral sciences to the understanding and improvement of the legal order. The other principal goal of the program is to foster among social scientists an understanding of the nature and implications of the legal order for their own disciplines. To achieve these ends, scholarships are awarded in both the Graduate School of the University and in the School of L aw (see page 69) . The Sage Scholars in the Law School ordinarily will be expected to take for credit a group of seminars cutting across a number of disciplines. They may also expect to be involved in special research activity. "PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW" CONFERENCES In accordance with the terms of a grant of $10,000 from Mr. Oscar van Leer, an alumnus of the Law School, a series of conferences under the general title of "Philosophy from Law" was inaugurated in September 1963. The objective of the grant was to bring together scholars of various disciplines, lawyers, and judges for the purpose of attempting to distill from the d iscipline of the law some insights beyond the usual professional skills which may contribute to man's understanding of himself and his society. In accordance with this general objective, the particular subject of the first conference was "Compromise and Decision Making in the Resolution of Controversies." The principal paper for the conference was written by Professor John Coons of the Law School; it was followed by a number of written and oral comments by distinguished guest participants. The second conference in the series will be held in September 1965 and will be devoted to the subject "Equal Justice in an Unequal World." 49 �In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE STUDENT BODY A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom, the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a close-knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 450 students, thus facilitating wide acquaintance among the students. For purposes of instruction, most of the classes are divided into sections, further guarding the individual from being submerged in the mass. The beginner himself will have been carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capa-ble of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates will be high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and 50 �universities in the United States and abroad. In a spirit of healthy competition, the student realizes his own full capacities in keeping pace with his fellows. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from some thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign countries. Approximately 125 colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see pp. 87-88). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although written, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique among the professions. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law Review. At the end of their first year, students of highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Review. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a 51 �requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are sought and preferred after graduation by leading law firms, government, and private business. The fa ct that the student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Although Law R eview students work hard, they take one day off each spring to play a softball game with the Faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the foibles of their professors. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Another Law School publication that is available for the publishable products of student scholarship is the journal of Criminal Law, Crim in ology and Police Science. This Journal, with a world-wide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in continuous publication since 1910. Professor Fred E. Inbau is its Editor-in-Chief and Managing Director. The Assistant Editor is James R. Thompson, Assistant Director of the Law School's Criminal Law Program. They are assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors composed of some of the country's outstanding legal scholars and criminologists. The section of the Journal devoted to Police Science is under the editorship of Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. He is assisted by a Board of Consulting Editors in the fields of police administration, criminalistics, and forensic sciences generally. JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H . Miner, the program is conducted, under Faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and Faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served as presiding judges for final arguments include Associate Justices Arthur J. Goldberg (an alumnus of the Law School), Byron R. White, and Tom C. Clark of the Supreme Court of the United States. The finalists repr esent the School in the National Moot Court Competition. 52 �STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the prattice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students themselves. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to it5 enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by Faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the Faculty. The Code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers and the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental .educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to 53 �(Above) Working cooperatively in student activ ities , prospective lawyers become acquainted with the collective concerns of the profession. (Right) The annual Faculty-Law Review softball game reveals the teacher in a different guise . the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal receptions, known as coffee hours, are held frequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual conversation with members of the Faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student responsibility, through the Junior Bar Association to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association participates in an orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. 54 �RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities-Phi Alpha Delta, Phi D~lta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi ..::_have been established at the Law School. Members do not live or eat together and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. They hold luncheons during the course of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they sponsor dances and informal parties. None of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics involving the legal fraternities and other groups on the campus offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the University's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial minority of the student body is married. At the social gatherings of the Law \,Vives, the student's wife can visit with Faculty wives, discuss m atters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and a ttention, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the Faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 55 ��Frequent special events bring eminent iurists, outstanding government officials, and other noted speakers to the School. Right, Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren. Below , United States Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai E. Stevenson, an alumnus of the Law School. Below, left, Secretary of Labor W. Willard Wirtz, a former member of the Faculty. Below, Supreme Court Justice Arthur J . Goldberg, an alumnus of the Law School, sitting as ch ief judge of the final round in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. 57 �STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountaingrill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling, squash, and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There i~ also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and five and one-half day maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of 58 �the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the floor plan which appears on the bottom of this page of this bulletin. The attractive residents' dining hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals a day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. The average room rate for the academic year is $365.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January I, and April 1 during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Abbott Hall also has a limited number of apartments for married students which are completely furnished. Apartment rentals average $130.00 a month, including utilities. There is a variety of other apartments in the vicinity of the Law School within easy commuting distance. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student Health Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the University and situated on the campus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School. Students are enrolled with the Service at the time of registration, and at that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detailed information about the plan. For a more complete description, the Student Health Serv ice Information Bulletin is available upon request. 59 �"Old Northwestern! "That's where we learned our law." - " The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmo re, Dean 1901-29. THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM The deepest traditions of the Law School are rooted in scholarship and educational excellence. For more than a century, the Law School has been devoted to improvement and innovation in legal education. Its graduates and Faculty have numbered amo ng the great teachers and scholars of their times, and, as deans and faculty members in other centers of legal learning, have shared and extended this dedication. The academic program of the School today reflects and preserves the strong tradition. ADMISSION Since its early years, the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successfully completi ng legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to 60 �the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester in September. Before enrollment, the student mu st have obtained a Bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant will be asked to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a Bachelor's degree, unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, will be supplied with the admission forms. The test may be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register for either the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations, on forms furnished by the School, from two college or university instructors. An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. The completed application form may be submitted at any time during the year preceding the expected date of entrance. Early application is advisable. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. The application fee is $10.00. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations 61 �and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a comm ittee of Faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college or professors, or request the student to appear for an interview to assist the committee in its deliberations. An applicant who is accepted for admission is required to make a deposit of $50.00 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration, the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school will be admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $10.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of class standing also should be submitted. Transfer applicants are not required to take the Law School Admission Test unless requested. If an applicant already has taken the test, however, a score report must be furnished to complete the application. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event will transfer credit be given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. SUMMER SESSION A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the Summer Session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in which he is permanently enrolled. 62 �View from garden of portions of Robert R. McCormick Hall and Owen L. Coon Library, both dedicated in 1960, which complete Law School Quadrangle. Abbott Hall, student residence, is shown in left background. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A Bachelor's degree in arts and science is required for adm ission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems o[ social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that will enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, nat63 �ural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, may be suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject, to gain the experience of deep and thorough understanding. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law, designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort will be better spent in studies in other fields. It should be noted that a student will be required to take a one-hour course in accounting in the second year of Law School unless he has received college credit for three semester-hours, or its equivalent, in the field. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of 2900 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student re&iding in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of this total, slightly more than .$ 1600 is required for tuition , fees, book , and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, while large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. 64 �Tuition for the academic year 1965-66 is as follows: Undergraduate Full Tuition First semester . .. .. ........ ... . .......... .................. . . .. $7 50.00 Second semester ... ......... .. ....... ... .. ... . . . . . ... . ...... .... 750.00 Summer term . ... .. .. . ............. . ... .. ... .. . . ........... . ... 375.00 Undergrad uate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 Graduate Full Tuition, each semester . .... ............ .. .... . ...... . 750.00 100.00 Graduate Part-time Tuition, each credit hour Resident in Research Fee Each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.00 12.50 Unclassified Students-Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auditor's Fee, each class-hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.00 75.00 Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their first semester of full -time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for the S.J .D. and LL.M. degree who have don e full-time gradua te work at this University for two semesters are charged the R esident in Research fee unless they take courses or seminars, in which event they are charged at the rate of $75.00 a credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the R esid ent in Research fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged as indicated below : Application Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This fee is not transferable and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $50 is required of all app licants accepted for admission . This deposit is not refundable but will be applied as part payment of tuition.) Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doctor of Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (R equired of all full-time students) Student Health Fee First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 30.00 30.00 10.00 65 �Mimeogreph Fee* First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.50 7.50 3.75 Late Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) . . . . . . . . 5.00 Change of Registration Fee (after the first two weeks of classes in each term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Late Physical Examination Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Duplicate Transcript of Record, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic year. Payments are clue in the first few weeks after the commencement of the term upon the elate specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statement's and makes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available at the General Office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advanced deposit required to be paid by entering students. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the encl of one-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition , the same charges are made in accordance with the above schedule. In all cases, either the date on which the student withdrew from classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. • In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial ass istants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. 66 �Generous physical facilities and a student body of limited size produce an atmosphere conducive to effective study. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligible to apply for rebates: (a) full-time Faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelvemonth payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions. A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of fifty percent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of twenty-five percent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time Faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for the rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. 67 �SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS, AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance so that he can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily, an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed for his second and third years of law study provided he maintains a creditable class standing and his financial situation remains unchanged. All or part of an award may be made subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily made on an installment basis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of financial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise and need. Each application is individually considered by a committee of Faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and monetary needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. Application forms for financial assistance may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special application forms are required for the Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted early to assure consideration before funds are committed. The available funds are: Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tuition and for an additional amount of up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are available for several stu88 �dents in each entering class. The amoun t is sufficient, with average summer earnings, to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion DeWitt Hardy of the School of Speech and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the Faculty administers the program. Russell Sage Foundation Scholarships. Several scholarships in the amount of $2,700 are available under a 1963 grant to the Law School and the Graduate School of the University by the Russell Sage Foundation. The general purpose of the grant is to foster a fuller appreciation by law students and lawyers of the role of the behavioral sciences within the legal order. Special training or interest in the behavioral sciences and general scholastic excellence are required of candidates. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for su ch aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. In 1964, the corpus of the fund was increased by a gift of $ 10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted, within the discretion fi9 �of the Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illnois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915 to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymon d Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving of financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need is deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $42,200 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H . Sage Scho larship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $230 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student m the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship 70 �during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University scholarships and grants yielding amounts varying according to demonstrated need. Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established a $10,000 endowment the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase of books which are to be loaned to financially needy students for use in their class work. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student who is in need of financial assistance. Farm ers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the last academic year was $1,000. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association and was actively interested in the Law Sch0ol during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student 71 �at the School of Law (1908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campbell Fund . From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell, Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability who are in need of financial assistance. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School. City Products Corporation Scholarship . Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant of $1,500 to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day. The Dean of the Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $ 1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift program. Robert V. Jones Scholarship. A $1,000 scholarship is provided annually by Robert V. Jones, a member of the Class of 1926, for a student to be selected by the Dean of the Law School. Theodore Stone Scholarship. The Dean of the Law School has directed that an unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, be used to provide an annual scholarship in the amount of $500 through 1974. Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship. In October, 1963, The American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces. John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean 72 �of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymol!ld Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. In January, 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund for Legal Education in order to establish a loan program for assistance to law students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed to the Office of Admissions. In addition, Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is $500. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. In addition, beginning in 1965, a comprehensive examination will be required each year of all students who entered the Law School in September, 1963, or thereafter, and who are scheduled to be graduated in February, June, or August of the year following the examination. The 73 �examination, which will be administered in either September or October each year, will cover all required courses. No credit hours toward graduation will be given for the taking of the examination. However, each student's grade on the examination will receive a weight of four hours in all subsequent computations of his grade average. Students who are eligible but who, for good reason, are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the end of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars in wh ich no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (pass) or F (fai lure). HONORS AND PRIZES Since its beginnings, the Law School has been dedicated to the encouragement and recognition of legal scholarship. In 1907, the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of original and enduring scholarship and the devotion to excellence manifested in the founding of the Order of the Coif permeate the activities of the School. Exemplifying the Law School's emphasis on scholarship are the many honors and awards recognizing superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten percent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the 74 �instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Selection THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the Faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund established in 1962 by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide a prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key for the student preparing the best paper dealing with some aspect of the law of local government. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. The award-a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler-is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After ten years 75 �On special occasions informal box luncheon s are held in the Law School garden. A distinguished alumnus visits the Law School. Supreme Court Justice Arthur J . Goldberg, right, chats with Dean Jobn Ritchie. To renew schoo l friendships alumni gather annua ll y for a dinner and a report on Law School progress . 76 �the cup is placed on display m Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. To recognize outstanding legal scholarCLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE ship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $100 annually as an honor and award to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each year the publisher of Corpus Juris Secundum awards one selected title of that publication to the member of each class at the School who has made the most significant contribution toward over-all scholarship. WEST PUBLISHING COMPANY AWARDS Each year the West Publishing Company awards a selected hornbook to the member of each class at the School who achieves the highest scholastic average in his class. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the Faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insurance Cou nsel Journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before 77 �a student is recommended for a c'.iegree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the ctegree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying ninety semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on pages 28-33. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the Faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study, below. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its faci lities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and writing under Faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. Inquiries concerning graduate study should be addressed to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. No application fee is required of foreign applicants for admission to graduate study. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Graduate Committee. 78 �Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they h ave completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during Lhat time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this requirement may be waived by a vote of the Faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: 1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than ten semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students will be required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law will be required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for their research, the Graduate Committee may, in its discretion, require graduate students to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. 2. The completion of a thorough st udy of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or the journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. 3. The passi ng of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another u niversity or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalen t to those prescribed by this School 79 �for the degree of Juris Doctor, and who have fulfilled the following requirements: I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. 2. The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. 3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. 4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on page 65 of the bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,400 to $1,500. Accommodations for both married and unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students. It is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $7,000 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing inter- so �In this century four distinguished scho lars led Northwestern's School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assumed the post in 1957. and educa tors have Inform al conferences with Faculty members co mpl e ment regular course work. 81 �national legal studies as their llila jor interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For more than IO years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The school has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant, the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including International Legal Studies. The amount of each fellowship is $3,500. From that amount, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. In addition, since 1961, the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of problems of international and foreign antitrust law. POLICE LEGAL ADVISOR FELLOWSHIPS Through the generosity of the Ford Foundation, several fellowships are available each year for recent Law School graduates with an interest in careers as Police Legal Advisors. The objective of this program is to train young lawyers for positions which may be described generally as "house counsel" to metropolitan police departments or to groups of police departments in rural areas. The period of training under a fellowship grant is two years. The first year is spent in residence at the Law School. During the second year, the student will actually serve as legal advisor to a police department. At the end of that period, participants in the Program are eligible for the Master of Laws degree. For young lawyers with one or more years of experience in the practice of law, the yearly stipend ranges between $6,500 and $8,500. Out of the stipend for the first year, there is a ded uction of approximately $ 1,600 for tuition and fees. During the second year a further deduction of $500 is made. Each year's stipend is considered tax exempt. Similar fellowships are available to recent Law School graduates with no experience as practitioners. The stipend for them is $4,200 for the first year and $6,500 for the second year, with deductions and tax exemptions as described above. 82 �Fellowship recipients may begin their studies either in the first semester (September) of each school year or in the second semester (February). GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowships described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Also, fellowships are granted for one year only. None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until September 15. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a Placement Office under the direction of Assistant Dean Francis 0. Spalding. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Office gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. The Placement Office compiles a complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the students' information current. It has been repeated in each generation that the bar is overcrowded. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Office receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. Naturally most of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign coun- �tries. In service to their profession as well as their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with government, at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government depart· ments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorneys-general, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisors. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary Iorthwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the top• ranking students there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity, beyond the limits of traditional practice, is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. 84 �From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School Placement Office to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to urange the ntcessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Office arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Law School Placement Office also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from mi1'itary service or are seeking a change of position. THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the L:1.w School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. Commemorating the Law School's centennial, they contributed substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court programs. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. Offi·cers and-directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1964-65 were: 85 �OFFICERS, 1964-65 President ........... ...... .. .... ..... ......... ... PAUL W. CUTLER First Vice-President ... .. . .................. . .... . . WILLIS D. NANCE Second Vice-President ... . ....................... JosEPH H. ·WRIGHT Third Vice-President . ....... . . .. ........ . ............. OWEN RALL R egional Vice-Presidents .... . ... JOHN BODNER, JR.; HARRY R. HoRRow; HELMER JOHNSON; LAURENCE OLIPHANT; NORMAN M. SEVIN; and PA UL ZIFFREN Secretary .......... ... . ... .. .. ...... . ........ EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR. Treasurer ........ . ....... ..... ... .. .. ...... . CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Imm edia te Past President ..... ..... ....... . ..... C. IVES WALDO, JR. BOARD OF DIRECTORS STUART S. BALL, '27 ESTHER 0 . KEGAN, '36 HERBERT C. BROOK, '36 H ENRY KENOE, '31 WILLIAM G. CAPLES, '33 WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, '39 LATHAM CASTLE, '24 WILLIAM T. MORGAN, JR., '37 JOHN .J. CROWN, '55 J. '48 '52 PATRICK w. O'BRIEN, '50 HERBERT C. PASCHEN, '29 ALBERT w. POTTS, '29 ELROY C. SANDQUIST, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 RICHARD NELSON, '22 J E ROME L. ETTELSON, '41 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '32 PA UL .J. FURLONG, '47 PAUL GERDEN, 40 CRANE C. HAUSER, '50 BARNET HODES, '21 J ULI US J. HOFFMAN, '15 W. CLYDE JONES, JR., '28 DAWN CLARK NETSCH, EUGENE KART, C. IVES WALDO, BERNARD M. EPSTEIN, '36 GEORGE M. KEANE, 86 '38 SEYMO UR F. SIMON, HOWARD J. .J. '38 TRIENENS, DANIEL WALK ER, '49 '36 JR., '36 DEAN VAIL, JR. '50 �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Graduates Enrolled in the Law School 1964-65 Albion College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amherst Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackburn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Boston University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bowdoin Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bradley University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brandeis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Brook Iyn College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cali fornia Stale Polytechnic College . . Carleton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ca rn egie Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . City College of New York . . . . . . . . . . . . Clarke College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coe College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colgate University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College of St. Catherine . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coll ege of St. Thomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Colorado College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cern ell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Denison University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePaul University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DePauw University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Douglass College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Drake University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duke U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Elmhurst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fairfield University .... . . .. ....... . . Florida Presbyterian College . . ...... . Frankli n & Marshall College . . . . . . . . . Georgetown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grinn ell College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hanover College .. . .... .. . .. . .... .. . Harpur College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Harvard U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Holy Cross College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . Illinois Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . Indiana University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iowa State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Jackson College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . John Carroll University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kansas University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lafayette College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lawrence University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2 4 l 2 l 6 3 l l 3 1 1 l l 2 l l l 3 5 3 6 9 l 2 5 1 l 3 4 1 4 2 2 l 6 2 1 5 l l l 4 2 5 Loyola University . . . .. ... ..... . .. . .. Loyola University (New Orleans) . . . . . Marqu ette University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miami (Ohio) University . . . . . . . . . . . . Michigan State University . . . . . . . . . . . Muskingum College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Central College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . North Park College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Northern Illinois University . . . . . . . . . Northwestern Unive1·sity ... ..... . .... New York University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Occid ental College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oregon State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ohio W esleyan University . . . . . . . . . . . Otterbein College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Princeton University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Principia College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Providence College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rockhurst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roosevelt U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. John 's Un iversity . ... . . .... .. .. . . St. Joseph 's College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Louis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . St. Mary 's College .. . . . .... .. . .. .. . . St. Olaf College . .... .............. . St. Procopius College .. ... . . ........ . State University of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . Southern Illinois U niversity . . . . . . . . . . Southern Methodist U niversity . . . . . . Stanford University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Syracuse U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trinity College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tulan e University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Union College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Air Force Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . U. S. Naval Academy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of California (L.A.) . . . . . . University of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Cincinnati . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Denver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Detroit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University of Illinois .... ... .. ..... . . 17 l 7 9 6 l l l 3 81 l l l 2 l 5 l 2 5 l l 3 2 4 6 3 4 3 l l l 3 2 3 l 2 l 2 2 8 2 2 l l 45 87 �Universi ty Un iversity U niversity U nive rsity Un iversity U L1ive rsity U nive rsity U nive rsit y U nive rsit y U niversity U nive rsity U niversity Va lpa ra iso 88 of Kansas .......•.. . .. . .. of M aryland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of Michigan ... . .. . .. ... . 20 of Ne braska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of N otre Dam e . . .. . . . .... 19 of Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . l of Oregon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Pennsylva nia . . . . . . . . . . 3 of R edl ands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I of Roch ester . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of W isconsin . . . .. .. .. .. .. 17 U ni versity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Vanderbilt U ni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 W abash College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 W ashin gton Uni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 W ayne Sta te Uni ve rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . I W ell esley Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I W estern Michigan U niversity . . . . . . . . 1 W es tmin ster Co llege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Wheaton College .. . .. . ........ . . . .. 11 Williams Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Yal e University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 To tal uni versiti es and colleges represe nted .. .. . . .... . .. . . . . .... .. 12 1 �CALENDAR FOR 1965-66 1965 SEPT. 14 Tuesda)>, 8:30 A.M. SEPT. DEC. 16 25-27 14-16 Thursday Thursday-Saturday Tuesday-Thursday DEC. 18 Nov. 1966 JAN. JAN. JAN. JAN. JAN . APRIL APRIL APRIL MAY MAY JUNE JUNE Saturday 3 14 17 26 31 6-8 Monday Friday Monday Wednesday Monday Wednesday-Friday 9 18 20 23 Saturday Monday Friday Monday Wednesday Saturday II SEPT. 5 8-ll 17 Monday Tuesday Monday Fridav Monday-Thursday Saturday 8:30 A.M. SEPT. Nov. DEC. 19 24-26 13-15 Monday Thursday-Saturday Tuesday-Thursday DEC. 17 JUNE JUNE JULY AUGUST AUGUST 13 14 4 Saturday Registration and orientation for new stu• dents Classes begin Thanksgiving recess Registration for spring semester for students currently enrolled Christmas recess begins Classes resume Cl asses close Examination period begins Examination period closes Second semester classes begin Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled Spring recess begins Classes resume Classes close Examination period begins Examination period closes ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH ANNUAL COM· MEN CEMENT R egistration for summer term Summer term classes begin Holiday Classes close Exami na ti on period R egistration and orientation for new students Classes begin T ha nksgiving recess Registration for spring semester for students currently enrolled Christmas recess begins SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School Buildings are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to I 1:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and from 2:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. 89 �OFFICERS J. AN D FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS ROSCOE M ILLER, M .D., LL.D ., Sc.D . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ... ... . President PAYSON S. W I LD, PH .D ., LL.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Vice -President and of the University Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . ..... Vice-President and Business Manager FRA NK LIN M. KREML, LLB . . . . ..... . ....... Vice -Presiden t- Planning and Deve lopment WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH .D .•.•...•.....•.• . Associate Dean of Faculties; D ean of the Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER, M.D ., PH .D ., DR . HON. CAus . . . . ... . ... . Dean of Sciences; Associate Dean of Faculties ARTHUR T. SCH ME HLING, C.P.A . •. . . .. .. .. •. Controller and Assistant Business Manager OFFICERS OF INSTR UCTION ROBERT H. BAKER, PH.D . ..._, , . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the Graduate School D ean of Men Jo i-IN A. BARR, LLB., LLD . . . ' . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .•... . Dean of the School of Business F. VIRGIL BOYD, PH.D., C.P.A ... .. .... ..... .... Associate Dean of the School of Business W ILLIAM T. BRAZELTON, PH.D . .... . . •.. . Associate Dean of th e Technological Institute B . J. CHANDLER, ED.D ..... . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . Dean of the School of Education IRA W. CoLE, M .S ....... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Dean of the Medill School of Journalis m RI CHARD M. CROAKE, B .S ... . . . . . . . .. . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of Men R ICHARD J. DO NEY , PH.D ... .... .. . . Assistant Dean of th e College of Arts and Sciences RALPH G. DUNLOP, B .D ., D.D ...... . . . . . . . ..... . .. . . .. .... ..... . University Chaplain WILMER B. EAMES, D.D.S ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associat e Dean of th e Dental School MERREL D. FLAIR, P H.D . . . ... . .. .. . .... .. ..... Assistant Dean of the M edica l School HAROLD B. GoTAAS, S c.D . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of th e Technological Institute FRANK T. HARTZFELD, M .B .A .. . . . . . . . •. ..... . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration STUART K. HOLCOMB, M .A ...... . .. . .. ...... . . .. .. . ..... .. . .. .. . Director of Athletics KATH ER I NE HOWELL, M.A ...... ..... . ..... . ... . .. . . . .. . .. . . Assistant Dean of Women GEORGE HOWERTON, PH.D .... . . . . . . .. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Music ALLEN S. HussEY , PH.D . . . . . . . • . . . . . Assistant Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences PETER P. JA COBI, M .S.J .. ... . . •• ... . Assistant Dean of the Medill School of Journalism BURGESS H. JEN INGS, M .S . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of the T echnological Instit u te DAN IEL R . LANG, PH.D ... . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . .... . Dean of the Evening Divisions ALLEN LE IN, P H.D ... . • .. .. . . . . .. . ..... . .. ...... Assistant Dean of the Medica l School S1MEON E. L E LAND, P~1.D ., LLD .... .. . . . . . . . Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences MARTHA S . LuCK, M .A . . . . . . . .. . . . ..... . •..... Associate Dean of the Evening Divisions B. CLAUD E MATHIS, PH.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... ... Assistant Dean of the Graduate School GEORGE E. McCLAY, M.Mus ..... .. . . . . . . . .... . . Associate Dean of the School of Music JAMES H. McBURNEY, PH .D., LITT.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of the School of Speech JAMES C . McLEOD, B.D ., D.D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... .. . . . . . . . . . . . Dean of Students JOE W. M ILLER, B.S .... .. .. . ...... ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Associate Dean of Students GLEN E . M ILLS, PH .D ......... . . . . . . . .• ..... .. Associate Dean of the Schoo l of Speech ROLAND H . NELSON , J R. , ED.D .. . .... ... ... . Associate Dean of the School of Education JENS NYHOLM , M .A ..... .. ... . . ... . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . University Librarian ARRAND PARSONS, P H. D . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. .. .. . . Assistant Dean of the School of Music CLARENCE M . PEEBLES, PH.D ... . .... . .. . .... . .. . . Assistant Dean of the Dental School EDWARD S. PETERSEN, M .D .. . .. .... .. . . ... . . . . .. . Assistant Dean 0f the Medical School FREDERICK B . RABENSTE IN, M .B.A .. . .... . ••. .... . Assistant Dean of the Undergraduate Schoo l of Business C. W ILLIAM REILEY , M.A ... . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. . . .. .. . Dean of Administrative Services DOUGLAS w. RHODES, M.A ........ .. . . .. . ..... . ...... .. . .. ... . Assistant Dean of Men CHARLES A. BALCIULIS, M .A ....... . • . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ac,ting 90 �JOHN RrrcmE, J.S.D ... ....••.•.•.. . • . . • . . . . . .•. . •..•. ... . Dean of the School of Law Dean of the School of Law F. GEORGE SEULBERGER, CoM.E ....•...•• . Assistant D ean of the Technological Institute HAROLD A. SHANAFIELD, M.S.J . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Evening Divisions J. LYNDON SHANLEY, PH .D . . . . . . . . • . Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences FRANCIS 0. SPALD I NG, PH.D . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of the Graduate School KuRT R. STOEHR, M . B.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • Assistant Dean of the Graduate School of Business Administration GEORGE W. TEUSCHER, D .D .S., P1-1 .D., Sc.D . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . Dean of the Dental School PATRI CIA A. THRASH, PH.D . . . . . . . . • ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . • . • . ..• . .• . Dean of Women THEODORE R . VAN DELLEN, M.D .....•. ••.• .. .. . . . A ssistant Dean of the Medical School JOSEPH A. WELLS, M . D. , PH .D .• .. • . . . • . . . . . . .• . Associate Dean of th e Medical School FRAN CES c. Y EA RLEY , M.M us . . . . • • . . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Assistant Dean of Women RICHARD H. YOUNG, M.D . .•.•... . . . •. . .•.. .. .•..•.. . ... . Dean of th e Medical School DAVID S . RUDER , LL.B . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . . •••..... . Associate OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION of the Treasury Department ROBERT P . ARMSTRONG, PH.D . .. .•••. • .. . •. . . . . . • . . ... . Directo1· of the University Press FRANK M . ANDREWS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . ..••.. . Director of Parking, Traffic, and Security ANTHONY S. BRIDWELL, M.A ... • .. . • . . . . . . . . .. .• . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Development WILLARD J. BUNTAIN, B.S.L. ... ... . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of University Housing JOH:--/ V\T. CALDWELL . . . . . . . . . . . • ...•. ... . . ... • ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . Bursar JOSEPH E. CONRAD, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Alumni Programs FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of University Placement MA URI CE E. EKBERG .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . Superintendent of Buildings and Grounds WILLIAM C . FLAHERTY, A.B . .. .. ... . .• .. . . . . . . . . . .. . Director of Transportation Center ELLIOTT E. FOSTER, LL.B., C.P .A .•.... .. ..•... .. ..•.. . Manager of the Chicago Campus KATHAR IN E GEORGE, B.A • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . University Registrar ROBERT B . HATTER, B.S •... . •..•......•••.. . ... . •.••. . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . Budget Director WILLIAM T. JHLANFELDT , M.A • . . . . . . . . . . •.. . . . . . Director of Financial Aid Department CHARLES L. LONGWELL. . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. . •.. . . . ... . Director of Purchases and Stores RICHARD X. NELLI, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Student Finance JOHN F. NORMAN, B.S . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manager of Investment Department JOHN C. SANDERSON , JR. , B.S. , C.E ...... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . Director of Plant Properties SAM H. SARAN, M.S.J . . . . . . . ... . . • . . . . . . . Director of Public Relations and Publications Aux C. SESSUMS, M .A .. . . . . . •.. • . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . Editor of Alumni Publications JAMES M. SLAV IN .. ... . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . • •.• ... . . . .. .. ...• . Director of Traffic Institute DAVID G. UTLEY, B.A .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . Foreign Student Adviser ALBAN WED ER, J.D . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . .. .. .•.••... .. ... . . . . . . ... ... University Attorney RAYMOND E. WILLEMAIN, B.S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Director of Personnel JEREMY R . WILSON , M.A ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , • . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . Planning Coordinator Ll' O:--IA BRANDES YEAGER, M.D ...... . ... . . .. ... ... . ..... . . . Director of Student Health LYNDON 0. ADAMS, B.S . . . . • . . • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manager 91 �DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries should be addressed to the offices listed below. The post office address, except where indicated, 1s LAw Northwestern University 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 SCHOOL OF Admission ... . ..... .. . . ... . . . .. . .. . . . Office of Admissions General information . . . . Administrative Assistant to the Dean Part-time employment for students .. ...... .. Placement Office or University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall 337 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Placement service for graduates ......... . .. Placement Office Scholarships and loans ... . ...... . . .... Office of Admissions Student bills and fees . ........ . . Division of Student Finance Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore D rive Chicago, Illinois 60611 Transcript of records .... . . ..... . ..... . .. . ...... Registrar 92 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 58 Activities, student, 53 Admission, 60 Admission, graduate study, 78 Alumni association, 85 Application for adm ission, 60 Bookstore, 54 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 89 Campus, professiona l, 13 Case method, 24 Classes, typical schedu le, 21 Classrooms, I 4 Coif, Order of the, 74 Coon, Owen L. , Library. 16 Corporate Counsel Insti tute, 48 Courtroom, 16 Criminal Law Program, 48 Curricu lu m , 29 Degrees, 77 Degrees, graduate study, 79 Direc tory for correspondence, 92 Doctor of Juridical Science, 79 Examinations, 73 Expenses, 64 Facilities, student, 19 Facu l ty. 7 Faculty, nature of, 23 Fees, 65 Fellowships, 80 Financial arrangements, 66 Financia l assistance, 68 Fraternities, 55 Gary, Elbert H., Library, 16 Grades, 73 Graduate study in law, 78 Heal th service, 59 Honor code, 53 Honors and prizes, 74 Hours of cred it, maxim u m amount, 29 Instruction, course of, 20 Instruction, method of, 24 Internationa l Legal Stu dies, Program of, 48; fe llowships, 80 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science., 52 Junior Bar Association. 53 Juris Doctor. 78 Law and the Social Sc iences, Program in, 49 Legal clinic, 28 Legal publi cations, 51 Library, 16 Linthicum Foundation Program, 44 Loans, 73 Location of Law School, 12 Master of Laws, 79 Mayer, Levy, Hall, 14 McCormick, Robert R., Hall , 14 Moot Court, 52 Northwestern University Law Review, 51 Officers, University, 7 Philosophy from Law Conferences, 49 Placemen t, 83 Police Advisor Program and Fellowships, 82 Practice courses, 27 Pre-legal study, 63 Prizes, 74 Problem method, 26 Rebates to Faculty, staff, and instructors, 67 Refunds, 66 Register of colleges and universities, 87 Requ ired courses, 28 Residence, student, 58 Rose n t ha l Lectures, 42 Schedu les and hours, 89 Schola rsh ips, grants, and financial assistance, 68 Seminar rooms, 15 Seminars, general discussion, 27 Staff, 8 Student activities, 53 Student deposit account, 67 Student hea l th service, 59 Student wives, 55 Summer Session, 62 Th ree-year cu rriculum, exp lanation, 22 Tradi tions, JO Tra nsfer applications, 62 Trial Tech nique, Tria l Practice, limited enro ll ment, 29 Tu i tion , 64 Tu ition, grad uate study. 80 W ithdrawal and refunds, 66 �J\(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO J (hildrm's ...Mtmorial Horpital 2~ mi. by ".(' I j N,_tw j .(ibrary i l GTI ul 111 1 SUPEIUOI\ STREET HURON STREET OHIO STREET [HI[tA(jO I. WARD MEMORIAL BUILDING 2. WIEBOLDT HALL 3. L.\ \\' SCHOOL QUADRANGLE 4. THORNE HALL !i . ABBOTT H ALL 6. PATTERSON MEMORIAL BL~C. (PASSAVANT HOSPITAL) 7. WESLEY HOSPITAL 8. VETERANS AOM IN JSTRAT ION RESEARCH HOSP IT AL 9. MORTON MEDICAL R ESEARCH BUILD-I NG JO. EAST WING OF MONTGOMERY W ARD BUILDING 11. DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM ~-~-:~~~-=.-:°! -----ELEVATED LINE$ aus. LINES JACKSON BL VD . .(a Sall,~ Station (jrand (mtral Station rl . I 'D,arbarn s,a;io11 Iii FIELD M usEUM SOLDIER FIELD UM ADLER PLANETARI SHEDD AQUARIUM \b 'MIL£ 15vur1t �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston : Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston : Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston : Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston : Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, or four-year program omitting cooperative work assignments, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engineering. For information regarding any undergraduate School of the University, write to the Director of Admissions, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201. GRADUATE SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago : Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Business Administration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degree of Juris Doctor. By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-eight months. Also advanced study and research leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine; degree of Bachelor of Science in Medicine granted after completion of first year. Also programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, and Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. EVENING DIVISIONS-Evanston and Chicago: Evening studies leading to certificates in Arts and Sciences and Business; and programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Education, and to the Arts and Sciences degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in Education and Arts and Sciences. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago : Summer courses for graduate and undergraduate students in Arts and Sciences, Business, Education, Journalism, Law, Music, and Speech. For information regarding any other School of the University , write to the Dean of that School. �\.. ��lo--' c.o en CJ"1 I I--' c.o en O") • --1 :::c rn C/) (""") :::c 0 0 r- 0 -,-, r- ::t> :E • ::z 0 ::::0 --1 :::c :E rn C/) --1 rn ::::0 ::z c:: ::z < rn ::::0 C/) --I -< � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1965-1966</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXV, no. 17) for the 1965-1966 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1965-1966 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1965 March 29 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Vol. LXV No. Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois. Secc Chicago Ill. BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEM IC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS CONTENTS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN THE LAW SCHOOL Location Professional Campus Law School Buildings Classrooms Seminar Rooms Courtroom Library Student Facilities Faculty Offices THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Classes Three Year Curriculum Methods Instruction Case Method Problem Method Seminars Practice Courses Required Courses Course Load Limited Enrollment Curriculum Supplemental Programs Rosenthal Lectures Linthicum Foundation Program Corporate Counsel Institute Criminal Law Program Program International Legal Studies Program Law Social Sciences Philosophy Law Conferences THE STUDENT BODY Legal Publications Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Honor Code Student Activities Recreation Social Activities Student Wives Student Residence Student Health Service THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM Admission Transfer Summer Session Pre Legal Study Tuition Fees Expenses Scholarships Grams Financial Assistance Examinations Grades Honors Prizes Degrees GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Admission Graduate Study Degrees Tuition Fees Expenses Graduate Fellowships International Legal Studies Police Legal Advisor PLACEMENT THE LAW ALUMNI AssOCIATION REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX . Research . Class . Pub . OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. Roscoe MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAMS. KERR fRANKLIN M. KREML WILLIAM C. BRADFORD JOHN A. D. COOPER ARTHUR T . ScHMEHLING JoHN RITCHIE ERIC E. BERGSTEN JOHN E. CooNs HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST JOHN P. HEINZ FREDE. INBAU JAMES C. KIRBY VANCE N. KIRBY KuRT LIPSTEIN BRUNSON MACCHESNEY WILLIAM M. McGovERN NATHANIEL L NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH MRs. WALTER A. JR. WILLARD H. PEDRICK JAMES A. RAHL HARRY B. REESE WILLIAM R . RoALFE VICTOR G. RosENBLUM DAVIDS. RuDER HowARD R. SACKS DANIEL M. SCHUYLER KURT SCHWERIN FRANCIS O. SPALDING JoN R . WALTZ NEIL G. BLUHM VANCE N. KIRBY WILLIAM M. McGOVERN HARRY B. REESE V cTOR G. RosENBLUM HowARD R. SACKS ROBERT A. SPRECHER JoN R. WALTZ ZEAMORE A. ADER PAUL J . BOHANNAN WILLIAM W. BRADY JoHN J. CROWN KARL DE ScHWEINITz ALEX ELSON JEFFREY A. FILLMAN RAY GARRETT ROBERT F. HANLEY HENRY W. KENOE JULIAN A. MILLER WALTER V. SCHAEFER RICHARD D. SCHWARTZ HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JOHN M. TEEVAN JAMES R. THOMPSON ERNEST S. WoLF ANDREW LONGMORE WILLARD H. PEDRICK FRED E. INBAU Journal Criminal Law JAMES R. THOMPSON MARVIN E. WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS DIANA M . DENISON MARY E. LOGAN JoAN F. VogT MARYL DONAHUE MILDRED F. MITCHELL GAIL L GARTNER JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS IRENE S. BERNSTEIN DoRIS D . DODGE HAZEL Y. BROWN KRYSTYNA . OBUCHOWICZ JESSIE L BROADNAX ELIZABETH SELTZER ELIZABETH L SIMON SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI LIBRARY STAFF KuRT SCHWERIN ELAINE E. TEIGLER DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH RoMAN SAJEWYCH Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN DAVID R. BRYANT IDA M. OLSON ETELKA VAJDA MARTA M. PRYJMA ELIAS VYTANOVYCH SELMA KRAHN ESTHER Y. QuIROL MARIA C. CHASE JoHN W. CAMPBELL HAROLD K. REEVES JEROME MENEZES LAW STUDY Where Jaw Jaw ... David Dudley Field Law School . AT NORTHWESTERN School Law . Law School . Professional . Early Law School . Today Northwestern . School. Law School . Those . Instruction Faculty . School . Law School . . Northwestern . LecL . School . Long Law School . integraLed . With University Law School . . . . . Sir William Searle Holdsworth Law School . Unlike . . More School . . Professional . There . There . . LOCATION Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. To Grant Park . To Gold Coast . Near . A Chicago Loop . Here . Law School United States Court Appeals. Situated Law School . Frequent . PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS Law School Northwestern University. Surrounding Law School Graduate School Business Administration Medical Dental Schools. Also Thorne Hall Abbott Hall . Living . Twelve University Evanston . Law School . Physically Law School . University . Outstanding Law School . Bounded Lake Michigan Law School . LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street. Levy Hall Elbert H. Gary Library . Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library School . lime Gothic English . Law School . Bordered Faculty . Law School . Medallions . Some Dean John H. Wigmore United States England Continent School . . Both Robert R. McCormick Hall . CLASSROOMS Law School . These . . . Such Northwestern. . . . Lincoln Hall British House Commons . . SEMINAR ROOMS Law School . Here Faculty . . Notable School Wigmore Room Dean . Installed Wigmore Counsellor Chorus Law School Dean Wigmore . MacChesney H . Williams Room . Frank Hill Thatcher Seminar Room . COURTROOM School . Of Getz Courtroom . LIBRARY . Law School. Northwestern Law School Elbert H. Gary Library Owen L. Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street . Western Chicago . More . . . Included . . . School . To Faculty Faculty . . . During School . United States Great Britain Commonwealth English . Anglo American . English . Student . Study . More £ . European Japan Latin American . Furthering . . Holdings . Roman . Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. . Law School University . A Hardy Scholars Treasure Room . These . Many . A Western Hemisphere. . They . Although . A . . To . Comfortably . STUDENT FACILITIES . To Law School . Lounges Levy Hall . Lowden Hall School Illinois Law School. Its . On . . A Law School . Here . Each . These School . Separate . Junior Bar Association Law R Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Student Book Exchange S.J.D. . FACULTY OFFICES Law School Faculty . Law School Faculty . . THE COURSE [Here ] . . . ... . Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School . OF INSTRUCTION Law School . . Anglo American . . Rather . Human . Law . Every . Effective . Reflecting Law School . . Beyond . . . . CLASSES Law School . Class . Two . Time . . Law School . Some . Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. . Today Torts . Property . Criminal Law . Contracts . . Law School . . Within . So Labor Relations Taxation Administrative Law Civil Rights Trade Relations Law School . Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Comparative Law International Business Transactions . THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern . Beginning Law School . By . During . Here Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law. . A Faculty . Some . . . . A . Lawyers . Law School . . An Law Industrial Society Corporations Labor Relations Trade Relations . Problems . University . Faculty. Small . Faculty . FACULTY Law School Faculty . Each . Many . Their . Such . School . THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION . . To Northwestern Law School . First Law School . . Seminars . Instruction . School . Law School . . THE CASE METHOD . Law School . . . . Through . Although Casebooks Law School Faculty . . Under . . Northwestern . Socratic . Questions . . Through . Although . . From . With . Since . With . . THE PROBLEM METHOD Law School . Here . . . Perhaps . Perhaps . . Consultative Faculty School . Characteristically . those . Discussion . . . Nor . Often . SEMINARS Opportunities WOl . Here . Faculty . . Emerging . And . Experts . Often . With . Some Law School . PRACTICE COURSES One American . . . pract . Law School . Prominent Legal Clinic. Northwestern . Under Clinic Faculty . Clinic . . During Moot Court. Practicing . Faculty . . . . . Most . To Law School . . . REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor . Law Review Seminar Accounting Professional Responsibility Legal Clinic Law School Law R International Law. Although Faculty . COURSE LOAD Courses opm Faculty . On . LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Technique Trial Practice Introduction Litigation . School Trial Technique Trial Practice Introduction Litigation . CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS * MR. HAVIGHURST . Havighurst Cases Materials Law Contracts . . . CRIMINAL LAW MR. INBAU MR. HEINZ Concepts . Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice . . • . LEGAL INSTITUTIONS AND METHODS MESSRS. SPALDING HEINZ ADER LONGMORE AND RAZZALL A . Written . Materials . PROPERTY MR. SCHUYLER MR. COONS Introduction . Historical . Fraser Cases Readings Property . . TORTS MR. PEDRICK MR. SACKS Protection . Green Malone Pedrick Rahl Cases Torts. . SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP MR. SPALDING MR. SHAPIRO Consideration . Latty Frampton Basic Business Associations. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. NATHANSON MR. J. KIRBY . Barrett Bruton Honnold Constitutional Law Cases Materials . CONTRACTS II MR. HAVIGHURST . FUTURE INTERESTS MR. SCHUYLER Future Shelley . Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests. MOOT COURT MR. SPALDING MR. RAZZALL . Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School Faculty . Appellate . TORTS II MESSRS. RAHL SACKS AND WALTZ . Additional Green Malone Pedrick Rahl Cases Injuries Relations. ACCOUNTING SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY Principles . Not . ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM . Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Gel! Byse Problems Administrative Law. CORPORATIONS MR. RUDER MR. FILLMAN Relations S.E.C. Baker Cary Cases Materials Corporations. CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE MR. WALTZ Structure . R Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Field Kaplan Materials Civil Procedure Mr. Waltz . . DECEDENTS EST ATES AND TRUSTS MR. RITCHIE MR. McGOVERN Intestate . Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Deceden Estates Trusts . . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE Training Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago West Madison Street . Topics . Legal Aid Bureau . . Mimeographed . Open . Required . SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE e . COMMERCIAL LAW MR. BERGSTEN Sales . Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Farnsworth Cases Negotiable Instruments Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition. EVIDENCE MR. WALTZ MR. HEINZ . Morgan Maguire Weinstein Cases Materials Evidence. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION MR. PEDRICK MR. V. KIRBY Federal Estate Gift Taxes . Pedrick Kirby Problems Cases Materials Federal Estate Gift Ta . A Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE . REAL EST A TE T RAN SACTIONS MR. COONS MRS. NETSCH Transfer . Nla . SEMINARS Second . . THE JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition Moot Court Board Mr. Waltz. . . After . An Judge Julius H . Miner Moot Court Society . School National Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Team . New York City. ADMIRAL TY THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. MAcCHEsNEY General . Jurisdiction . \ Stum Cases Materials A • . DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS \ R. NEKA A . Federal Bankruptcy Act . Moore D Creditors R Cases Materials. FAMILY LAW MR. NEKAM . Jacobs Goebel Cases Materials Domest£ Relations . . FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION MR. PEDRICK MR. V. KIRBY . Pedrick Kirby Problems Federal Income Taxation Surrey Waren Federal Income Taxation Cases Materials Student Tax Service. INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION MR. CROWN . Classroom . LABOR RELATIONS MR. J. KIRBY NLRB . Cox Bok Cases Labor Law . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACKS MR. KENOE . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. SACKS Essential American . Discussions . Readings . Required . Materials . TRADE RELATIONS MR. RAHL MRS. NETSCH Federal . Oppenheim Cases Federal Antitrust Laws Rahl Supplementary Cases Materials Trade R . TRIAL PRACTICE MR. HANLEY An . . TRIAL PRACTICE lVIR. \ NALTZ . Under sup . Special . Goldstein Trial T Davis Paint Picture . Northwestern . SEMINARS Advanced Commercial Law MR. BERGSTEN Advanced . Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition . Constitutional Administrative Law Int Organizations MR. NATHANSON United Nations United Nations . Attention . Sohn Law United Nations . Criminal Law MR. INBAU A . Development Legal Institutions MR. SCHWERIN Studies Anglo American Continental . Selected . Estate Planning MR. V. KIRBY Alternative Decedents Estates Trusts Corporations Future Interests Insurance Real Estate Transactions Income Estate Gift Taxation. Practical . Fiduciary Administration MR. V. KIRBY An . Satisfactory Decedents Estates Trusts . Government Land MR. REESE Problems FHA . Intellectual Property MR. RAHL Introduction . Exploring Faculty . International Business Transactions MR. BERGSTEN . Mimeographed . International Law MR. MAcCHESNEY A Atlantic Community Coal Steel Community Common Market. A . Stein Hay Cases JVIaterials Law Institutions Atlantic Area. Jurisprudence MR. SACKS A . These . . . Legal . Hart & Sacks Th L Process Basic Problem Making Application Law. Securities R MR. GARRETT Intensive . Examination . Corollary . Corporation Finance . Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation. SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW MR. MAcCHESNEY MR. LIPSTEIN Legal Constitution Act State . FEDERAL JURISDICTION MR. REESE History Supreme Court. H Wechsler Federal Courts Federa System Th Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY ! MR. V. KIRBY An Federal Income Taxation . A · . INSURANCE LAW MR. HAVIGH URST Formation . Goble Cases Insurance Law . . INTRODUCTION TO LITIGATION MR. CROWN . LEGAL CLINIC \IR. SACKS MR. KENOE . PATENT LAW AND PRACTICE Instructor Announced Studies Patent Office . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. SACKS . RESTITUTION MR. McGovERN . SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE MR. lNBAU . Scientific . TRIAL PRACTICE MR. HANLEY . SEMINARS Analysis Solution Selected L Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary . ! Illinois . Antitrust Law MR. RAHL MRS. NETSCH Advanced . Trade Relations . Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Socities MR. NATHANSON MR. RosENBLUM Intensive Bill Rights. Particular . Reference . Comparative Law MR. LIPSTEIN An . Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Advanced . Examination . Stress . Prerequisites Corporations Federal Income Taxation Securities R . Assigned . Criminal Evidence Seminar MR. ! NBAU Selected . Estate Planning MR. P E DRICK . Int Comparative Antitrust Law MR. RAH L MR. B ERGSTEN Study American European Common Market U Kingdom Fra Germany . Trade R . Labor L MR. J. KIRBY Collective . Participation Labor R . Law So ]\!JR. CooNs MR. SCHWARTZ An . Mimeographed . Law Industrial Society MESSRS. RAHL R UDE R J. KIRBY AND DE S CHWEINITZ An . Intensive . Prerequisites Corporations Trade R Labor R . Samuelson Economics . Legal Anthropology MR. COONS MR. BOHANNAN Exam . Hoebel Law Primitive Man. Legal H MR. McGOVERN . Problems Taxation Business MR. V. KIRBY An . . Enrollment . R Industries MR. HEINZ . Securities R \IR. R oER . State Local Government MRs. NETSCH Deals . United States . Materials . SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School . Lectures United States < . Law School . Through . Many Law School . Others School. . THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago . Rosenthal Lecture Series . Pre . haYe School Foundation Sir William Searle J Joldsworth. Vinerian Professor Law Oxford Univers . These Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Company. Antonio Sanchez Bustamant University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. These Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press. J Escarra Faculty Law Un Paris. Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History . These Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press. Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University. Henry T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. These Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon L. Fuller Professor Law Harvard University. These Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc. United Nations . United Nations. Adlai E. Stevenson United States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John N. Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul A. Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understandin Supreme Court Little Brown & Co. John P. Dawson Professor Law University Michigan . History Unjust Enrichment U Enrichment A Comparative Analysis Little Brown & Co. Abraham H. Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations Un Nations World Community Little Brown & Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown & Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. A Conference Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf A. Berle Jr. Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University · Press. Louis B. Sohn Professor Law Harvarc. University Ernest A. Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John J. Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Cons. Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations A. E. Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert L.A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern Univers Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Public . Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Faculty Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James A . Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday & Company Inc. Wilber G. Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin R American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William M. Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Law School Faculty . . From American European . Foundation . Linthicum Foundation Is Bigness Offense Sherman Act? Participants Edward R. Johnston Chicago Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University Thomas C. M .cConnell Leo F. Tiern Chicago Bar James A. Rahl Faculty Tracie Relations. Feather Bedding Symptom Disease. Principal Carroll R. Daugherty Professor Business Economics Northwestern University Paul R. Hays Judge United States Court Appeals Second Circuit Professor Law Columbia University. Participants Stanford Clinton Alex Elson Chicago Bar W . Willard Wirt Secretary Labor Faculty Labor Relations. Foundation Academic Conference Individual Group Government Modern Economy University Centennial. Arbitration · Stabilization. Countervailing Power Economy Concept Criticism. ]. Kenneth Galbraith Professor Economics Harvard University United States Ambassador India. Chicago Fight Against Slums. Antitrust Laws Attorney General Committee Report. Revised Civil Practice Illinois. Law School St. Lawrence Seaway Law Chicago Housing Code. Freedom Responsibility Industrial Community. Foundation Freedom Modern American Economy Law School . Arthur ]. Goldberg Associate Justice Supreme Court United States School. Law School Individual Freedom Public Debate. Among Adlai E. 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THE CRIMIN AL LAW PROGRAM Each Law School Short Course Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course Defense Lawyers Criminal Cases. Also School . Police Legal Advisor Graduate Student Graduate Fellowships . THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation i Law School Interna Legal Studies. School . School International Business Transactions International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties Family Law . Faculty . . THE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Russell Sage Foundation $ Law School Graduate School University . One . . To Graduate School University School Law . Sage Scholars Law School . They . PHILOSOPHY FROM LAW CONFERENCES $ Mr. Oscar Leer Law School Philosophy Law . . Compromise Decision Making Resolution Controversies. Professor John Coons Law School . Equal Justice Unequal World. THE STUDENT BODY Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class . A . Like . Law . Beyond . Law School . Northwestern Law School . . . . His United States . . 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Miner Moot Court Competition School. Made Judge Julius H . Miner Faculty Moot Court Board Faculty . . . Those Associate Justices Arthur J. Goldberg Law School Byron R. White Tom C. Clark Supreme Court United States. School National Moot Court Competition. STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law . . Law School Junior Bar Association. All Association School . Its . Board Governors Association . HONOR CODE An Law School Honor Code Junior Bar Association it . Honor Code . Law School Faculty . Honor Code Board Governors Association. After Board Faculty. Code School. Junior Bar Association Law School . . STUDENT ACTIVITIES . School. Junior Bar Association Above Working . Right Faculty Law Review . Law School . Informal Lowden Hall Faculty School. A Junior Bar Association . Association . Association University Bookstore Abbott Hall . Law School Northwestern Junior Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association. Law School School . 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WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School . Selection Board Governors Junior Bar Association Editorial Board Law Review Faculty. THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Frank . Lowden Class $ . . BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Barnet Hodes Class $ . THE HYDE PRIZE $ Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law . HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law . Illinois Law Future Interests Carey Schuyler . A WARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An . University . After On Law School . A Law School. Supreme Court Justice Arthur J. Goldberg Dean Jobn Ritchie. To Law School . Levy Hall . CLASS OF PLAQUE To Class Law School . School Law. MOOT COURT PLAQUE To Graduating Class Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation Richmond Virginia Foundation $ . AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American Jurisprudence . These . CORPUS JURIS SECUNDUM AWARDS Each Corpus Juris Secundum School . 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A . Beyond Law School Placement Office Chicago mi . THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over L . School . Commemorating Law School Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Many . A Moot Court . . They . Each American Bar Association . Chicago . Also Chicago . Offi· Law Alumni Association OFFICERS President PAUL W. CUTLER First Vice President WILLIS D. NANCE Second Vice President JosEPH H. WRIGHT Third Vice President OWEN RALL R Vice Presidents JOHN BODNER JR. HARRY R. HoRRow HELMER JOHNSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT NORMAN M. SEVIN PA UL ZIFFREN Secretary EDGAR VANNEMAN JR. Treasurer CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Imm Past President C. IVES WALDO JR. BOARD OF DIRECTORS STUART S. BALL HERBERT C. BROOK WILLIAM G. CAPLES LATHAM CASTLE JOHN J. CROWN BERNARD M. EPSTEIN JEROME L. ETTELSON ABRAHAM FISHMAN PAUL J. FURLONG PAUL GERDEN CRANE C. HAUSER BARNET HODES JULIUS J. HOFFMAN W. CLYDE JONES JR. EUGENE KART GEORGE M. KEANE ESTHER O. KEGAN HENRY KENOE WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK WILLIAM T. MORGAN JR. RICHARD J. NELSON DAWN CLARK NETSCH PATRICK . O BRIEN HERBERT C. PASCHEN ALBERT . POTTS ELROY C. SANDQUIST HAROLD D. SHAPIRO SEYMOUR F. SIMON HOWARD J. TRIENENS J. DEAN VAIL JR. C. IVES WALDO JR. DANIEL WALKER REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR FOR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS AND FACULTY UNIVERSITY OFFICERS J. ROSCOE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAM S. KERR FRANKLIN M. KREML WILLIAM C. BRADFORD Summer Session JOHN A. D. COOPER Dean Faculties ARTHUR T. SCHMEHLING OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION ROBERT H. BAKER CHARLES A. BALCIULIS JoHN A. BARR F. VIRGIL BOYD WILLIAM T. BRAZELTON B . J. CHANDLER IRA W. CoLE RICHARD M. CROAKE RICHARD J. DONEY RALPH G. DUNLOP WILMER B. EAMES MERREL D. FLAIR HAROLD B. GoTAAS FRANK T. HARTZFELD Business Administration STUART K. HOLCOMB KATHERINE HOWELL GEORGE HOWERTON ALLEN S. HussEY PETER P. JACOBI BURGESS H. JENINGS DANIEL R. LANG ALLEN LEIN S MEON E. LELAND MARTHA S . LuCK B. CLAUDE MATHIS GEORGE E. McCLAY JAMES H. McBURNEY JAMES C. McLEOD JOE W. MILLER GLEN E. MILLS ROLAND H. NELSON JENS NYHOLM ARRAND PARSONS CLARENCE M. PEEBLES EDWARD S. PETERSEN FREDERICK B. RABENSTEIN School Business C. WILLIAM REILEY DOUGLAS . RHODES JOHN RITCHIE DAVID S . RUDER F. GEORGE SEULBERGER HAROLD A. SHANAFIELD J. LYNDON SHANLEY FRANCIS . SPALDING KuRT R. STOEHR Business Administration GEORGE W. TEUSCHER PATRICIA A. THRASH THEODORE R . VAN DELLEN JOSEPH A. WELLS FRANCES . YEARLEY RICHARD H. YOUNG OFFICERS OF ADMINISTRATION LYNDON . ADAMS ROBERT P . ARMSTRONG FRANK M . ANDREWS ANTHONY S. BRIDWELL WILLARD J. BUNTAIN JOHN W. CALDWELL JOSEPH E. CONRAD FRANK S. ENDICOTT MA URI CE E. EKBERG WILLIAM C . FLAHERTY ELLIOTT E. FOSTER KATHAR INE GEORGE ROBERT B . HATTER WILLIAM T. JHLANFELDT CHARLES L. LONGWELL RICHARD X. NELLI JOHN F. NORMAN JOHN C. SANDERSON SAM H. SARAN Aux C. SESSUMS JAMES M. SLAV IN DAVID G. UTLEY ALBAN WEDER RAYMOND E. WILLEMAIN JEREMY R . WILSON LEONA BRANDES YEAGER DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries . SCHOOL OF LAW Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Admission General Part University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall East Chicago Avenue Chicago Placement Scholarships Student Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Transcript INDEX Abbott Hall Activities Admission Admission Alumni Application Bookstore Buildings Calendar Campus Case Classes Classrooms Coif Order Coon Owen L. Library Corporate Counsel Institute Courtroom Criminal Law Program Curriculum Degrees Degrees Directory Doctor Juridical Science Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Faculty Fees Fellowships Financial Financia Fraternities Gary Elbert H. Library Grades Graduate Health Honor Honors Hours Instruction Instruction International Legal Studies Program Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Juris Doctor Law Social Sciences Program Legal Legal Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Law School Master Laws Levy Hall McCormick Robert R. Hall Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers University Philosophy Law Conferences Placement Police Advisor Program Fellowships Practice Prizes Problem Rebates Faculty Refunds Register Required Residence Rosenthal Lectures Schedules Scholarships Seminar Seminars Staff Student Student Student Student Summer Session Three Transfer Trial Tech Trial Practice Tuition Tuition Withdrawal SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/ad72202e7aefc90b3c17b162870491be.pdf 378ed41cc1a602d648607468e0470c28 PDF Text Text a BULLETIN NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �Vol. LXIII April 15, 1963 No. 20 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Second-class postage paid" at Chicago, Ill. �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1963-1964 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS �CONTENTS OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN . . . . . , , . . . . . . .. .. • • . •..... . .••.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 10 THE LAW SCHOOL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ••.•.•. . . . . . . . . . . ..••• • • •• . . . . . . . • . . . . • • • • . • • . 12 Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional Campus ... . .. ....... . . . ... . .. . . ... . . .. . . .. . ..... .. . .. ... Law School Buildings . .. . ........ ....... ........ . ... . ...................... . Classroo ms . ........... .. . . . . .... . .. . ........ ..... . ... ....... . .. ..... . ..... Seminar Rooms ............................. . ............................ .. Courtroom .. .. ....... ........ . .. .. .... .. .... ... .... ...... . ... ..... ........ . Library ..... ... .. . ... ...................... . .................. .. .......... Studen t Facilities ..................... . ............ .. ............. . ... .. ... Faculty Offices ... . ..... . . . . .. .. ............. .. ..... .. ..... ...... .... ...... . 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 19 19 THE COURSE OF INSTR UCTIO N . . . . • • . . . . . • . • . . . • . • . . . . • • . . . . • • • • • • . . • • • • • . • • • • • • • 20 Classes . .. .. . .. . .... ..... .. ... ......... . . ...... ... ...... . .. .......... . ..... The Three-Year Curriculum . .. ... . ......... ... ... . ... ... ..... .. ... ...... ... Faculty .. ....... .. ... .......... ..... ....... ....... . .............. ....... .. . Methods of Instruction ...... . . . .... . ................... . .......... ... .... .. The Case Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . The Problem Method ............................ . .............. . . . ..... Seminars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Practice Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Required Courses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Course Load . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . .. . .. .. .... .. .. . . . . . ................ .... ... Limited Enrollment ... ...... . ......... .. ... ............................ . .. Curriculum .... . .. . . ...... . .................. .. ................... ..... .... Supplemental Programs ...... .. . . . ...................... . .... . ............. The Rosenthal Lectures . .... . .. . . . ........... .. . . ....................... T he Linthicum Foundatio n Program ... . .... .... ..... . . .. ... ... ....... . .. Corporate Co un sel In stit ute ...... . ... . ........... . .......... . ....... . .... T h e Criminal Law Program ........ .......... .. . .. . ..... . ........ .. . . ... T he Program of Internation a l Lega l Studi es .. .. .... ...... . .. . ......... 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 41 41 43 45 45 48 Tl·IE STUDENT BODY . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .•.. . . . . . . ••• .. . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . • ... . . . . . . . . 49 Lega l Publications ......... . ........... . .. . ..... ... . . . . . . .......... . ........ Moot Cou rt Competiti on .... . . . .. . . . ...... ... .... ... ....................... . T he Junior Bar Assoc ia ti on . .. .. .. . . .... . .. ... .. ... ... .. . .. ...... . .. ..... ... Honor Code ................. ........ ..... ... .................... Stud ent Activities ........ . .. . ..... . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . . ..... . ............ . ... Recreation and Socia l Activit ies ......... . ......... .... ................. .... . St udent Wives . ... . ...... . .. .... . . .. . . . . . . ...... .. . .. . ......... .. .... ..... . Student R esidence . . ......... . ........ . . .. . . . . ..................... ..... .... Student Health Service .............. . .. . ... .. . ................. ... ... . ...... 50 51 52 52 52 53 54 55 58 2 �Tm; ACADEM IC PROGRAM . ..•.. . .. . ... • . . . . . . . . • •.. . .• .. . .. • ••... • .. • •••• • •...•• Admission ............. .. ...... . .. ... . . . .. . .. . . . . .. ... ......... ... . . ... . ... T ransfer ....... . . . .. . ........ . ..... . .. . . . ......... . .. .. ... ..... . . .. .. . . .... Summer Session ... . . . . . . ... . . . . .... .. Pre- lega l Study ......... . T uition , Fees, and Expenses ... . ..... . ........ ..... .. Schola rships, Grants, and Financial Assista n ce .. . .. . . . .. ............. Exam in ations and Grad es . .. .. . . .. .. ... . . ... . . . ... .. . .... . . . . . ...... .... Honors and Prizes ....... .. .. . . . . . .. ....... ... ..... .. ... ... . . .... . .. . ... .... Degrees ............ . ... . . . ..... ..... . . .. ... . . . . . .. . .. . .. . ............. .. .. 59 59 61 61 G RAD UATE STUDY I N LAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .•• . • . ... . • . . • ... . . . ..•.. . . . . . .. . . . . • . . . 76 76 76 78 78 78 79 80 Admission to Graduate Stud y . .. . . . . . . ....... . ... ........ .. .. .. ....... . .. . .. D egrees .. . ..... . . .. ........ . . .. .. ... . .. . .... ... . .. .. . .. ... ..... . .... ....... Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Graduate Fell owships . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . ...... . ..... . Intern a tional L egal St udi es .. . .. ......... . ... . .. . . .. . .. ... ... .. .. Criminal Law . . . .. ... . .... ... . . .. . . . ... . . . .... . .. . . .......... . .. Teachin g Associates PLACEMENT . . . . . . . . .. . THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOC IAT IO N . .. R EG ISTER OF COLLEGES AND UN IVERSITI ES CALEN DAR, 1963-64 .............. . . . 62 63 66 71 72 75 . .... . .. . . . . . ... . .. ..... . . .. 80 . ... • . . . .. . . . .. ... . . . . .. 84 .... .. . .... .. 85 . . ..... .. . . ... 87 S c 1-1EDUL ES AND Ho uRs 87 DIRE CTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE 88 I NDE X 89 . . • .•• • • . . . . . .••• • •.. . . . • • .. . . . . . .. •• . • . . .. . . ••••• • • .. .•... • •. . ... . . . . . . 3 �In practice courses, advanced students gain experience in trial procedure. Research in the law leads the scholar to volumes both ancient and current. �Class sessions frequent ly st imulate informal discuss ion that ca rri es beyond the classroom. Public conferences focus on the role of law in national and world affairs and broaden the students' professional perspect ive. ��OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LLD., Sc.D., President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager FRANKLIN M. KREML, LLB., Vice Presiden t-Planning and Development ARTHUR T. SCHMEHLING, C.P.A., Controller and Assistant Business Manager WILLIAM C . BRADFORD, PH.D ., Assistant Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JENS NYHOLM, M.A., University Librarian ALBAN WEBER, LLB., University Attorney FRANKS. ENDICOTT, PH.D., Director of University Placement FACULTY JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D. , Dean and Professor of Law JOHN EDMUND CooNs, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law JEFFREY ANDREW FILLMAN, B.A. , LLB., Assistant Professor of Law HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law FRED EDWARD lNBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law JOHN KAPLAN, A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law VANCE NATHANIEL KIRBY, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law BRUNSON MACCHESNEY, B.A ., J.D ., Professor of Law WILLIAM MONTGOMERY McGOVERN, JR., A.B ., LLB., Ass istant Professor of Law NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON, B.A., LLB ., S.J.D., Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law WILLARD H1RAM PEDRICK, B.A., J .D ., Professor of Law* JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S. , J.D. , Professor of Law** HARRY BROWNE REESE, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM ROBERT RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Professor of Law and Librarian V1cTOR G. RosENBLUM, LLB., PH .D., Professor of Pol it ical Science and Law DAvrn STURTEVANT RUDER, B.A., LLB., Associate Professor of Law HOWARD RAYMOND SACKS, B.A., LLB ., Professor o f Law DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law K uRT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc. , B.S. IN LS. , PH .D., Professor of L a w and Assistant Librarian "' On leave of absence, second semester, 1963-64 . .. On leave of absence, 1963-64. 7 �CLAUDE RA YMOND SowLE, B.S., J.D ., Assoc ia te D ea n a nd Professo r of Law WILLIAM MAVOR TRUMBULL, A.B., M.A., J.D., Professor of Law J oN R. V1TALTZ, B.A., LLB. , Assoc iate Professor of Law Jo~IN C. McCorn II, B.A., LLB., University of Virgini a, Visiting Assoc ia te Professor o f L aw, Summer Session, l 963 J EFFR EY O 'CONNELL, A.B., LLB. , University of Iowa, Visiting Ass istant Professor of Law, Summer Sessio n, 1963 fALCOLM D . TALBOTT, A.B., LLB. , Rutgers U ni versity, Visiting Professor of Law, Summ er Session , 1963 GLEN EARL WESTON, B.S., LLB., George "\i\Tashington U ni vers ity, Visiting Professor of Law, 1963-64 HAROLD GWYN WREN, A.B., LLB., J.S.D. , Southern Meth odist U niversity, Visiting Professor of Law, Seco nd Sem es ter, l 963-64 BRAHM BA1TTLE, B.Sc., M.D., Lecturer o n Lawyer-Client R ela tio n ships PA UL J. BOHANNA N, B .A., PH .D. , Lecturer on !_,aw and Emerging Socie ti es WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., J.D., L ecturer on Legal Accounting ALEX ELSON, PH.B., J.D., Lecturer o n Labor Law GEORG E E . D ELE HA NTY, B.B.A., L ecturer o n Corporate Industry RAY GARRETT, JR., B.S., LLB., L ecturer on Corporate Finan ce IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LLB. , Professorial Lecturer on Trial Technique R OBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on Trial Practice LUCILLE LIEBERMAN, B.A., Lecturer o n Lawyer-Client R elationships J ULIAN A. MILLER, S.B., M.D., L ecturer o n Lawyer-Clie nt R elatio n ships WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D ., LLD., L ecturer on Judi cial Process HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J.D., L ec turer o n Age n cy a nd Partn ership KATHRYN D. SowLE, B.A., J.D., R esear ch Associa te Jo1-1N M. TEEVAN, B.A., J.D., L ecturer o n Selected L egal Problems ERNEST S. "\i\ToLF, M.D., L ecturer on Lawyer-Client R ela ti o n ships SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON, A.B., J.D., LLD . OWEN RALL, A.B., J.D. TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1962-63 STEVE ' F. FRANKINO, A.B. , LLB. C HARLES "\i\T. LI 'DER, A.B., J .D . GEO RGE F. R EN WICK, B.A. (OxoN) JAM ES H . YAGLA, B.A., LLB. PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK, B.A., J.D., Chairman, Board of Managers, Nort hwestern University Law R eview CLAUDE R . SOWLE, B.S., J.D ., Editor-in-Chief, Jou rnal of Criminal Law, Crimi- nology and Police Science KATHRYN D . SowLE, B.A., J.D ., Assistant to Editor-in-Chief, Journ al of Criminal Law, Criminolgy and Police Science 8 �GRESHAM M. SYKES, PH.D. , Criminology Editor, Journ al of Criminal L aw, Crim- inology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S ., M.A. , Police Science Editor, Journal of Crimina l Law, Criminology and Police Science FREDE. l NBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Managing Direc tor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publicat io ns M1 c 1-1ALENE A. LASALLO, Assistant to Business Manager GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELEANOR B. 'il\TJLLJAMS, B .A., Ad m ini stra tive Assis ta nt to the D ea n A. Lo ISE TURTON, R eg istra r DIANA M. D EN ISON, B.A. , Secreta ry of Adm iss io ns f ARY L DO NAHUE, Secreta r y to th e D ea n L1NDA E. OVENS, Secretary to the Assoc iate D ea n J OANE. K uMOR, Place m e nt Secretary IR ENE S. BERNSTEIN, Internation a l Legal Stud ies Secretary KRYSTYNA I. OB UCHO WICZ, F aculty Secreta ry D OROTH Y M. VAN KIRK , F a culty Secretary DOROTHY L COLLI NS, Faculty Typist SUSAN W. BAKER, Crim in al Law Studi es T ypist SARAH F . HALPER, R ecep tio ni st, Gen eral Office SH YAM CHARAN MAJHT, H ead, Mimeograph D e partm e nt LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Libraria n KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Assistant Librar ian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., M .A . IN LS., Head, Boo k Selecti o n ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S. , M.A., H ead , R ead ers' Services D epartm e nt a nd R efere n ce Librarian IRIS J. WILDMAN, B.S., M .S.LS., Head, Classification a nd Ca tal oguin g D epartment DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S ., Acquisitions Librarian IDA M. O LSON, Secretary R o ~1A, SAJEWYCH, MGR. JURIS, Se nio r Cataloguer R OMAN D MYTERKO, MGR. JURIS, Cata logu er ELIAS VYTANOVYCH, PH.D. , Cataloguing Ass istant SELMA KRAHN, Catalogu in g Ass ista nt ESTHER Y. Q u IROL, B.S.E., Cataloguin g Assistant MARIA C. C HASE, R efer e nce Ass ista nt PAUL J. L UKASIEWICZ, Refere nce Ass ista nt P1-1 1u p T. KALAYIL, M.A., Library Ass istant JOH N W. CAMPBELL, Library Ass ista nt IR ENE A . HoH ENSEE, Typist 9 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student and teacher. Early in its history, the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant share of the resources of the School. In furtherance of its objectives of excellence, the Law School maintains a policy of selective admission to assure that each student is capable, first, of benefiting from challenging instruction and, second, of pursuing intellectual goals with self-discipline and initiative. Those chosen are students of independent and seeking mind, who need not be led but who, on the contrary, can contribute to the education of their fellows in cooperative endeavor. Instruction is conducted by a faculty who devote their fu ll energies to legal education. The facilities of the School have been designed in the belief that balanced preparation for the profession cannot be confined to the classroom. The Law School, with its comprehensive library arranged for effective scholarship and its ample provision for informal conference JO �and discussion, constitutes a self-sufficient center for legal learning. The continuous exchange of thought and opinion in a cohesive student body of outstanding men and women in close contact with a distinguished faculty recalls the classic concept of a university as an independent community of scholars. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The spirit of the profession is respected and preserved in the architecture and atmosphere of its buildings and in the traditions of student life. At the same time, the School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identified with forward-looking movements in legal education, the Law School today offers a curriculum arranged to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educa te lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. In this century the law has emerged as a profession vitally integrated with every phase of the nation's economic, social, and political development. With advanced teaching m a terials and techniques, a deep tradition of scholarship, the broad educational resources of a great University, a nd the professional and cultural enrichment of a metropolitan center, the Law School continues to educate its students for the broad responsibilities and demands of the legal profession and the service of its ideals. I[ �these noble buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put-the teaching of law." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, June 16, 1927. THE LAW SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. The study of law is the study of ideas, and history teaches that ideas ma y be born in the most adverse material circumstances. More important tha n stone and mortar are the traditions and the spirit which give life to the school and inspire its students and teachers. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment makes a unique contribution to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal intercha nge of thought and opinion between student and student, and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the noted Gold Coast, an area of fashionable residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf 12 �courses, and boating facilities. Near by, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here are located the buildings housing the offices of federal , state, and municipal government. In close proximity to the Law School, convenient for student visits and observation, are trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments , ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. Situated in the stimulating intellectual clima te of the metropolitan center, the Law School enjoys unexcelled opportunities for laboratory study of the law in action and benefits in addition from the ready availability of outstanding specialists in every branch of the law. Frequent lectures, specialized courses, and supplementary class participation by leading jurists, pract itioners, and public officials enrich the basic instruction. PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the 18-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, with dining rooms, cafeteria, fountain, lounges, bowling alleys and other athletic facilities, and accessory shops and services. Living and studying in a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student broadens his perspective through contact with professional students in other disciplines but remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. Twelve miles north, on the original campus of the University in suburban Evanston, the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,500 graduate students are enrolled. This wooded, lakeside campus is readily accessible to Law School students for cultural events and intercollegiate athletics. Physically autonomous, the Law School resembles a small college, with the benefits of a cohesive academic community. As part of a great University, it enjoys as well the resources and vitality of a broad range of learning. Outstanding professors from other schools and departments participate in Law School instruction, to make available the contributions of economics, psychiatry, sociology, political science, and a variety of other disciplines in the understanding and solution of the problems of human behavior which are the province of law. 13 �Bounded by the waters of Lake Michigan immediately to the east and by the surrounding campus, the Law School stands as an academic preserve in the heart of a metropolis, enjoying the benefits of a central site with few of its disadvantages. LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings, functionally integrated and arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, also named for alumni of the School, were completed in 1960. The four buildings present a harmonious exterior, all constructed of limestone in a modified Gothic design reminiscent of the historic structures of English law. The quadrangle completely encloses the Law School garden. Bordered by cloistered arcades, the garden, with its hedge-lined walks, shaded corners, and stone benches, is a favored retreat for students and faculty in spring and autumn months. In interior design and ornament, the older buildings of the Law School are rich in the lore of the law. Medallions, seals, and shields in legal motifs decorate the oak-paneled walls and corridors, and stainedglass designs accent the windows, linking the student with the past of the profession. Some 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States, England, and the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the men and events of the law, throughout history and throughout the world. The atmosphere is blended in the newer buildings with the clean lines of modern functionalism. Both libraries and Robert R. McCormick Hall are completely air-conditioned. CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of students in each class meeting. The classes are divided into sections for all work in the first and second years. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class seldom exceeds 80 and is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of legal education at Northwestern. In each classroom the student is provided with a continuous tabledesk or with a free-standing oak desk for his course materials and notebooks. In most of the rooms the student desks are elevated in tiers and 14 �surround the instructor's desk in amphitheatre style, facilitating communications, in both directions, between student and teacher. The three newer classrooms are equipped for the use of audio-visual aids. Lincoln Hall, the largest classroom, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seati ng arrangement. It is used principally for major co-curricular lectures, public conferences, and student assemblies. SEMINAR ROOMS For instruction at a more advanced and individualized level, the Law School buildings provide six seminar rooms. Here small groups of students, typically from 12 to 20, are seated at a single large table with a faculty member for an informal and detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion. Notable among the seminar rooms of the School is the Wigmore Room, named for the former dean and furnished with memorabilia of his distinguished career. Installed in a concealed portion of the room are the Wigmore chimes, a unique musical machine that p lays "The Counsellor's Chorus," the Law School song composed by Dean Wigmore himself. MacChesney Hal l, in the newer building, is handsomely furnished with a table 35 feet in length and richly upholstered chairs. The �Williams Room, renovated and refurnished in 1961, is similiarly appointed. Two other seminar rooms are situated above the library overlooking the lake, and are adjoined by roof balconies offering a welcome respite on pleasant days. COURTROOM For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom, complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators. Of striking modern design, the Getz Courtroom is used both for practice trials and for the argument of mock appeals. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library, with its associated research facilities, is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street, and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection contains over 200,000 volumes, is among the six largest law school libraries in the western world, and constitutes the largest legal collection in the Chicago area. More important than sheer size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building, and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs, to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrells for sustained and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas, with individual sound-proof carrells open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to re-organize his course notes. The library is operated under an open-stack policy, to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and may call upon either the expert full-time staff of 16 or the 18 assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. To free the general collection from the heavy demands of faculty scholarship, a separate working collection is maintained for faculty use. 16 �The course of instruction has been designed to encourage the use of these library resources, a nd to assure that each student will be capable of independent a nd scholarly legal research. In a required course in the first term of his legal education, the student receives individual instruction in the techniques of assembling and using the varied materials of research in the law, from the most ancient reports to the latest modern developments. During the remainder of his studies, he accumulates experien ce and develops his powers of perceptive, resourceful research through work in moot court, supplementary course studies, research in advanced semi nars, and the preparation of articles and papers for the School's lega l publications. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the Un ited States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws, and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies- necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English Ian- Student lounge s are useful for light reading and casual talk between classes. Study alcoves in the library reading room encourage concentration . 17 �guage. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. Furthering its forward-looking policies, the library began at an early date to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. The large collection of treatises and periodicals in inter~ational law is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive sources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula, that is, books printed before 1500. A number are unique, or the only copies in the western hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for the use of micro-film and micro-cards, 18 �designed to replace conve n tion al books and to ameli orate their problems of bulk and deteriorat ion . As the practiti oner of a learned profession, th e lawyer is more than a craftsma n. To encoura ge a wide-ranging interest among the st udents, a section of the main reading room h as been set aside for casu al reading in field s of current or gen eral significan ce. Comfortably furnished, the browsing ar ea offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. STUDENT FACILITIES In informal give-and-ta ke discussion with his fe llows, the student lawyer develops his powers of a nalys is a nd expression. To foster these close student relationships that h ave m arked the best in legal educa tion sin ce the profession's beginnings, the Law School h as set aside a substa ntial sh are of its facilities for student use. Lounges a re provided on each o f the four floors of Levy Mayer H all for short p eriods of study or relaxation before class. Lowden Hall , named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal student lounge a nd is rich with reminders of the hi story of law a nd the Law School. Its equipment a nd comfortable furnishings include a firepl ace and , for lighter moments, a pia no. On the lower level, adjacent to the locker area, are dispensers of coffee, milk , soft drinks, and snacks, a nd two rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the fourth-floor st ud y area . Here some eight rooms are devoted exclusively to student use for informal review sessions or individual study. Each room is supplied with reading tables or d esks, chairs, and high-ba cked benches to accommodate from four to ten students. These rooms are open a nd ava il able to all students while the School is in session. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricula r activities co ndu cted under student a uspices a nd control. The officers of th e Junior Bar Associa ti on a nd the staff of the Law R ev iew, the R eporter, the Student Book Exch a nge, a nd ca ndid a tes for the S.J.D . degree enjoy the ben efit of private offices. FACULTY OFFICES In keeping with long-standing tradition a t the Law School, facu lty members are readil y available to individual students for questions a nd confere n ces. T he tradition is physically embodied in the Law School buildings, where each facu lty office opens directly onto the main corridors for access without forma liti es or intermedi ari es. T he arrangem ent leads to frequent a nd fr uitful co ntact between studen t a nd teacl~er. 19 �"[Here the] teach ing will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." THE COURSE - Ju stice Oliver W endell Ho lmes, nt th e dedication of th e Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law. The course of instruction has been organized, through experience, experiment, and analysis, to offer legal education of the highest order, to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The program is designed to provide a broad training in the techniques of the law and an understanding of its institutions, to the end that the graduate will be equipped for practice in any legal system based upon the foundations of Anglo-American law. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting a knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region . Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to h andle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. 20 �Refleciing this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal m aterials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student, to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours during the course of the Law School's five-day week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon to break the pace and to permit the student to review his preparation during open hours before class. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in valuable activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance will be distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom, and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, the causes of crime, and modern correctional theories. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with rocket construction. �The changing character of law is reflected in the con tent of trad itional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected too in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculu m to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. ·within the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibi lities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School durin g the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and semi nars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions illustrate the fashion in which a dynamic law school today shapes its instructional program to meet the n eeds of the profession for the years to come. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last ce ntury, Northwestern was among the first of the nation's law schoo ls to require three years of study for a degree in law, settin g the norm in lega l education. Beginning students enter the Law School in September a nd attend the two semesters of the regu lar academic year for three years. By attendin g optiona l summer sessions, however, students may earn their degrees in 28 months. During his first year of law study, the student follows a prescribed co urse designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and co ncepts, and to give a solid grounding in the fundamenta ls indispensab le for all branches of the profession. Here the stud ent encounters the grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Co nstitutiona l Law and Crimi na l Law. In the first term, the members ol th e first-year class are taught the use of lega l research materials and throughout the year are given individual instruction in legal writing. A senior facu lty member is designated as advisor for each entering student to aid in the adjustment to lega l ed ucation and to assist in particu lar problems or difficulties. Some opportu nity for elective courses a nd seminars appears in the second-year curriculum, and the widest choice is afforded in the third year. The student, however, does not normally "specialize" in the course of the law school career. The student who hopes to become a corporation lawyer, or a criminal lawyer, or a tax lawyer wi ll, for the most part, follow the same basic course of stud y others are pursuing. T he aspiring tax lawyer's program will on ly be a course or two heavier in the tax field than that of his com22 �panion who expects to go into corporate practice with a large city firm or another who plans to return to a small town for general practice. A broad base in fundamentals is necessary in every field, and intelligent choice can be made only from a general familiarity with the available fields. Lawyers quite regularly turn up in posts of responsibility neither they nor their law school faculties envisioned. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School permits a modest degree of specialization but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. In the second and third years, courses are frequently arranged so that the student will examine related fields of law at the same time and be made aware of their interrelations. An example of this functional integration of related courses is afforded by the seminar in Law and the Industrial Society, in which the economic, political, and legal problems of policy common to the fields of Corporations, Labor Relations, and Trade Relations are studied and discussed. Problems of law, especially those dealt with in advanced courses, are often involved with problems of business and government. In recognition of these ties, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies, and special lecturers are drawn not only from among the specialists in the profession and the faculties of their departments of the University, but from the business community and government as well. It is in the advanced courses principally that the student is offered the opportunity to explore the frontiers of the law and to work in close cooperation with the members of the faculty. Small classes and frequent individual conferences on research papers bring student and teacher into rewarding personal relationships. In addition, a number of upperclassmen are chosen annually to serve as research assistants to the faculty, each assigned personally to a professor to aid in scholarly activities. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice and a number have served in responsible government posts as well. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups, and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the teachers 23 �who conduct the classes, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. Several Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. These faculty members, chosen from the outstanding recent graduates of American and British law schools, instruct the first-year students on a tutorial and individual basis in the techniques of legal writing, research, and oral argument; they work closely with the entering students in smaller groups. THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the educational benefits of active participation, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment, and commonly range in size from 12 to 20 students. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is most effective in developing the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The methods of instruction in the Law School vary from course to course, in response to the nature of the subject matter, the role assigned to the course in the total training of the lawyer, and the teaching philosophy of the instructor. For descriptive purposes, instructional methods may be grouped in four general categories. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the first two years of study, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision. 24 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School faculty constitute basic materials of instruction . Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares, vicariously, the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies, in its use, with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system, it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically wi ll not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of th e case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, a nd to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give 25 �direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, with the benefit of group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it, and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career, the student is thus led to do what he will do throughout his professional life-to think, to analyze, and to decide on his own initiative. With their interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention is required of all. With collective thought focused on the problem provided or suggested by the case, there are times when minds stretch and their reach even may be extended. The mainstay of the firstyear curriculum, the case method of teaching is withal a singularly exciting and stimulating intellectual experience for the beginning law student. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the Law School and increasingly employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction . Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically, in a course taught by this method, the student submits, before the class session, a short memorandum solution to the problem, b ased on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class ses26 �sion he, or one of his fellow students, will be invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Sometimes a particular decision or statute may relate directly to the problem, and at times the class session may be devoted to the examination of a leading case and its relevance to the problem assigned. At other times the problem may fall in an area where the legal landmarks are few, and the imaginative use of statutory materials and administrative regulations is required. Nor are the problem sessions merely exercises in developing the technical skills of the lawyer in marshalling and utilizing available legal materials in the solution of particular problems. 0-ften the specific, concrete problem supplies the perspective in which basic questions of social policy, of the why and how of the development of the law, can be considered in meaningful context. SEMINARS Opportunities are offered in the second and third years for seminar work in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him, and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from 12 to 20, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student will engage in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. It is in the seminars that research on the frontiers of the law is most commonly undertaken. Emerging areas of policy where the resources of the law may contribute include, for example, the control of atomic energy, urban renewal, extending equal protection of the laws into various aspects of national life, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. And it is in seminar work that the law student will be expected to cut across the disciplines and to bring to the law additional material from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Experts in such disciplines frequently participate in seminar meetings. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of friendly criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the highest courts. PRACTICE COURSES One hundred and fifty years ago there were no American law schools and the aspiring attorney prepared himself by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profes27 �sion. The advantages of such trammg are preserved today, within a systematic curriculum for post-graduate study, in the practice courses offered throughout the three years of the student's formal legal education. In these courses, the student actually practices in skills that the practicing attorney is called upon to employ, and he learns, through experience and through exercising his own powers, the job of the lawyer. In addition to the elements of actual practice presented in ever y course offered by the Law School, instruction through practice is th e specific object of a number of courses. Prominent among these is th e course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to lega l education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practi ce by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program, law students, during the last half of their training, are afforded an opportunity to serve in the Clinic under the supervision of a faculty member. The Clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare pleadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fills a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in complian ce with prevailiJ.1g professional standards, and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions before a court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of practice courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. In the first year, the student is assigned office memoranda on legal problems, under individual supervision. As an upperclassman, he may select practice courses in such fields as the drafting of wills and the planning of person al estates, or the drafting of laws and legislative documents. REQUIRED COURSES For a student to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, 28 �successful completion of the courses prescribed for the first and second years is required. In addition, he must satisfy the following requirements: a minimum of two hours of seminar work (involving substantial individual research and writing) exclusive of participation in the Law R eview Seminar; one hour of Accounting (except for students with at least three semester-hours of college credit in that subject); the course in Professional Responsibility; and at least one course or seminar in International Law. Although the faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time, this responsibility will not be exercised so as to place an undue burden upon any enrolled student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. COURSE LOAD Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work each term. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Technique and Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Technique, or Trial Practice can be accommodated. CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS I (3) * MR. HAVlGI-IURST The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangemen ts, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials 0n the Law of Contracts (2d ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. MR. INBAU, MR. SOWLE CRIMINAL LAW (3) Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzle•The figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 29 �ment, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal r esponsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures a nd fair trail rights of the accused and the state. Inbau and Sowl e, Cases and Comments on Criminal Justice. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH (2) MR. RoALFE a nd TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises in writing and in us e of the library. The student is required to prepare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed upon developing the power of written expression and faci lity in legal research. Lectures and individual conferences. Roalfe, Ho w to Find th e Law (5 th ed.). PROPER TY (4) MR. SCHUYLER, MR. COONS Introduction to the law of real and p ersonal property. Histori cal background a nd basic property concepts; p ersonal property including ba ilme nts ; th e creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each ; creation a nd incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundat ion of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and R eadings on Prop erty (3d ed.). TORTS I (3) MR. PEDRICK, ]\.fa. SACKS Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropria tional, and defama tory harms ; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, ali ena tion of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition ; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the dispos ition of tort cases. Green , Malon e, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Torts. The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for th e year. SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP (3) MR. R UDER, MR. SHAPIRO Consideration of individual, partnership, and other non-corporate forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ra tification ; fidu ciary duties of agents and partners; partnership property and partn ership dissolution. Seavey, R eusch lein a nd Hall, Agency ancl Partn ership. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON, l\ifR. SACKS The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal a nd state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. Casebook to be announced. co 30 1TRACTS II (3) l\ifR. HAVIGHURST The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. �MR. SCHUYLER FUTURE INTERESTS (2) Future interests in land and personalty at common law; r ise of executory interests in land ; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appo intment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT I (l) )\/fa. FILLMAN, MR. WALTZ, AND TEACHING ASSOCIATES The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest are briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument are emphas ized. Individual instruction for each phase of the program is provided by the Teaching Associates. MR. "WALTZ TORTS II (3) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green , Malone, Pedrick, and R ahl, Cases on Injuries to Relations. SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ACCOUNTING (1) MR. BRADY Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who have received college credit for three semester-hours of accounting. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (3) MR. NATHANSON, MR. ROSENBLUM The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of administrative determinations. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials; Gellhorn and Byse, Problems in Administrative Law. MR. R UDER, MR. FILLMAN CORPORA TIO NS (4) Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations. CIVIL PROCEDURE (4) MR. REESE, MR. KAPLAN Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; jo.inder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of func31 �tion between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments a nd their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Scott and Reese, Cases on Civ il Procedure (mimeographed) , Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); Field and Kaplan , M~at erinls on Civil Procedure (Mr. Kaplan) . The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS (4) MR. RITCHIE, MR. McGOVERN Intestate succession; substitutes for wills; substantive aspects of wills and trusts; introduction to fiduciary administration. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Mat erials on Decedents' Estates and Trust s (2d ed.). SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) The course is d escribed in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. REESE COMMERCIAL LAW I (4) MR. TRUMBULL Sales and credit transactions : the title concept, allocation of risk, r emedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, the uses of documents of title and the various types of security interests in personal property; commercial paper: the concept of negotiability and the uses and effects of notes, bills of exchange and checks; sureties generall y and as parties to negotiable instruments. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Farnsworth, Cases on Negotiable Instruments; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition. EVIDENCE (3) MR. WESTON, MR. FILLMAN The tests and concepts of relevancy; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; the law of privilege; competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence ; writings. McCormick, Cases on Evidence (Mr. Weston) ; materials to be announced (Mr. Fillman). FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION (2) ]\!JR. KIRBY , iV!R. '!\IREN The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property du.ring life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). A third-year course or seminar may be substituted for this course, subject to the requirement that either Federal Estate and Gift Taxation or Federal In come Taxation must be taken before graduation. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (4) MR. COONS, iV!R. KAPLAN Transfer of interests in land by deed; the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; rights in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage ; brokers' commissions; readings in related 32 �prob lems of r ea l es ta te finance. Bade, Cases on R eal Prop erty and Conveyancing: Dunham, Modern R ea l Estate Transactions; mimeographed materials. SEMINAR S (2, unless otherwise indicated) Second-year students may take a ny one of the seminars listed in the curri culum for th e th ird year for which they have the n ecessary prerequisites. MOOT COURT II T he program. sup erv ised by Messrs. Ruder and Waltz, is designed to aid seco nd -yea r st ud e nts in improv ing their skills in brief wr itin g a nd oral argume nt. It is co ndu cted on a vo luntary basis a nd does not carry co urse credit. A competition is held in whi ch st ud ent teams prepare briefs and p art icipate in oral arguments befo re panels composed of judges, practicing a ttorn eys, faculty members, and others. The Lowden-Wigmore fund provides prizes for those exce lling in this program. T he competitio n is also used in selecting a team to represe nt th e School in th e r egional rounds of the Nationa l Moot Co urt Compe tition, which is h eld in the fa ll of the fo llow ing school year, when the members of th e winning team are third-year students. T he winn ers of the regio nal ro unds compete in the final rounds of competition in ew York City. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. MACCHESNEY ADMIRAL TY (3) General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of goods, general average, marine insurance, collision, claims of maritime workers, and the limitation of liability. Morrison and Stumberg, Cases and Materials on Admiralty; supplementary cases (mimeographed). DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in such common law and statu tory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supp lementary proceedings, executions against persons and property, general ass ignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances, etc.; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquida tion; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures, judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the ge neral p ubli c. Moore, Deb tors' and Creditors' Rights: Cases and Materials. FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION (3) MR. PEDRICK, MR. KIRBY The federal income tax aspec ts of vario us p hases of business activity; the impact of federa l income taxation on fami ly property arrangements; the role of adm inistrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax co n trovers ies; intens ive study of current problems of importance in the fie ld of income taxation. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems in Federal I ncome Taxation (mimeographed); Surrey and ·waren, Federal Income T axation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. 33 �LABOR RELATIONS (4) MR. FILLMA N The rights of empl oyees to orga ni ze a nd ba rgain collecti vely with th eir employers; limita ti o ns o n m a nageme nt prerogatives r esulting from the coll ective bargaining r ela tio nship ; legal limita tion s on strik es, picketin g a nd boycotts; r emedi es for infringeme nt o f collective bargaining r elatio nship rights a nd th e rol e of co urts, arbitra tors a nd the NLRB ; inter-union a nd intra-unio n rights and obliga ti o ns. Cox and Bo k, Cases on Labor Law; supplementary mimeograph ed ma terials. PROFESSIONAL R ESPONSIBILITY MR. T RUMB ULL Esse nti al a nd distin ctive characteristi cs of the legal p rofess io n: the co ncept of ser vice; th e lawyer as a n offi cer of th e co urt; the organi zatio n o f the bar and th e development o f educa ti o nal a nd ethi cal sta nd ards; a self-governin g pro fession a nd its disciplinar y m achin er y; th e rol e of lawyers in the evolutio n o f Ameri ca n institutio ns a nd organiza tion of th e community of n a tio ns. Discussio ns with members of th e bar r ega rdin g th e ap plica ti o n of professio nal ideals a nd o bj ectives to practi cal pro blems whi ch arise in th e course of individual a nd coll ec tive acti vities of lawyers. R eadin gs and pro blems. R equired of all students. T rum bull , Ma terials on the Lawyer's Profession al R esponsibility. R EAL ESTATE SYNDICATIO N (2) M R. K APLAN Sp ecial problems involved in the legal aspects of large resid en tial, industri al a nd commercial r eal es tate d evelopments. These in cl ude fin a ncing, taxa ti on a nd the impac t of local and fe d eral r ed evelopment laws. T R AD E R ELATI O NS (4) M R. W ESTON Federal a nd sta te law a nd policy r ela ting to comp etition a nd monopoly; problems arising under the a ntitrust laws; r es traint of trade, m ergers, mono poly, un fa ir comp etition, boyco tts, exclusive dealing, price discrimina tion , r esale price m ainten a nce, misleading advertising, etc. Oppenh eim, Cases on Federal Antitrust L aws; R ahl, Supp lementary Cases and Ma terials on Trade R elations (mimeographed ). T RI AL PRACTI CE (1) M R. HANLEY A n introducti o n to litiga ti on in whi ch the studen t prep a res, pleads a nd tri es a relatively m1 complica ted n egligen ce actio n . T h e course includes the witn ess inter view, th e prep ar a ti o n of pl eadin gs, di scovery steps, the selectio n of a jury, the op e nin g sta teme nt, direct and cross exa min a ti o n of lay a nd exp ert witn esses, a nd th e closing arg um ent. T RI AL T ECHNIQU E (1) M R. G OLDSTEI N M e th ods of proof, prep ara tio n of fac ts, selec ti o n of jury, op e nin g statemen ts, direct exa mil'latio ro, laying of found a ti o n for a nd introducti o n of exhibits, obj ecti o ns to evidence, offers of proo f, ex p ert tes tim o n y, h yp o theti cal ques ti o ns, cross examin a tion and impeachment o f witnesses, argum ents to court a nd jury; exercises in exa mil'lati0n of wi tn esses an<!l. oral argum ent. Goldstein , Trial Tech nique; Go ldstein , T rial Practice Cases. 34 �SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) Advanced Commercial Law MR. TRUMBULL Advanced work in problem ar eas of security interes ts in personal property: financing of inve ntory, accounts receivable, aft er-acquired property clauses, and the relative priority of security interests; investment securities: negotiability, registration and transfer. Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition, a nd mim eographed materials. MR. Criminal Law A consideration of current problems in criminal law administration. Development of Legal I nstitutions l N BAU MR. SCHWERIN Studies exploring, with the aid of histori ca l informatio n, the influence of social, r elig ious, political a nd eco nomic ideas and institutio ns upon the development o f A nglo-America n commo n law a nd of Continental civil law. Selected problems on sources and movements in civil and common law, codes and precedent, development of courts a nd of the legal profession. MR. KIRBY Estate Planning Alternative property arrangements for fa mily security and other purposes are considered in the light of the principles from the fields of D ecedents' Estates and Trusts, Corporatio ns, Future Interests, Insurance, R eal Es tate T ra nsactions, and Income, Estate an d Gift Taxa ti on . Practical problems in es tate planning provide exercises in draftin g and the basic material for group discussion. Northwes tern 's criminal law program includes a series of annua I conferences and short courses in the fie ld of criminal law administrat ion. �Fiduciary Administration MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the administra tion of decedents' es tates and trusts. Sa tisfactory completion of th e co urse in D eced ents' Estates a nd Trusts, or its equiva lent, is a prerequisite. Government and Land MR. REES E Problems of public p olicy rela ting to the use of land reso urces; techniques of public control, th e nuisance do ctrin e, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision co ntro l, building codes, city pl a nning; sta te a nd federal programs of public ho using; the role of government in the r eal esta te market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. I ntellectual Pro/1erty MR. WESTON Group stud y and su p er vised in d ividual r esea rch o n current problems of pa tent, tradema rk a nd co pyright Jaw. D es ign ed to provide students with a n introdu ction to the law of pa te nts, trad em arks a nd copyrights as well as to afford an o pportunity to do resea rch in d epth o n some curre nt problem in one of the fi elds. I nternational Business Transaction s MR. NEKAM The internatio nal business contract: the law applica ble; the documents used; letters of credit ; marine insurance; arbitration; excl usive jurisdiction a nd fo rum non cove niens; monetary problems. Mimeographed materials. Internationa l Law l\1R. JVIAcC H ESNEY An intensive study of selected legal problems involving critical issues of international law and intern ational order. The topics will vary fro m year to year, but they usually include a study of th e internation al judicial process a nd a study of some aspect of the law-making process in th e intern at io nal community. Pa mphl et a nd oth er m a teria ls accordin g to topic. ]urisf1rudence MR. SACKS A stud y o f law as a n o n-go ing, purpos ive process, with particul ar reference to th e var io us in stituti o ns, both o ffi cia l a nd private, through which this process is carri ed on. H art & Sacks, Th e L egal Process: Basic Problems in th e Making and Af1p licatio11 of Law. Law and the Industria l Society MR. R UDER An exploration of pro blems of public policy common to corporate, labor, and trade r elations. A summary analysis of the eco nomic framework on which the legal rul es in the three fi elds are built. Assign ed r eadings. Legislation MR. TRUMBULL Primarily individual a nd small team proj ects. In fields in which there is r eason to believe public interest is involved, the semin ar drafts legisla tion. In the cases of bills of p ubli c inter es t alread y introduced, th e seminar scrutinizes the bills in attempts to help in the ar ea of technical co nsiderations. The work involves drafting, r esearch into legislation of various states, and expla na tion of clauses d rafted. 36 �Exploring new areas of the law, seminar students work closely with faculty and d istinguished lecturers. TransjJortation, Communications and Public Uti lities MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the principal legal a nd policy qu es tions involved in federal regulation of transportation facilities, rad io and television broadcasting, gas and electric utilities, a nd production and uses of atomic energy. Auerbach and Nathanson, Federal Regulation of Transportation , and other materials. SECOND SEMESTER (Courses starred are those usually offered in the summer term.) CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTER ATIO 1AL LAW (4) " MR. MAcCm:sNEY Legal consequences for persons and property of interstate and international transactions; an examination of the allocation of legislative and judicial competence between the nations and between the states; principles of reciprocity a nd comity underlying the exercise of jurisdiction and choice of law; the impact of the Constitution on interstate transactions a nd of treaties and customary law on international transactions; resolutions of conflicts of legal systems; full faith and cred it and "Act of State"; scope of public policy; criteria for choice of law and abstention from exercise of jurisdiction; minimum standards for international trade and due process; the control of th e use of force in the settlement of disputes. FAMILY LAW (3)* MR. NEKAM The law pertaining to the formation a nd dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs a nd Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domestic Relations (3d ed .). 37 �FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2)* MR. R EESE History of the fe deral judicial system; stru cture a nd business of the federa l courts; nature of the federal judicial function ; diversity of citizenship; federal ques tions; jurisdictional a mount; r emoval jurisdiction ; ve nu e; law applicable in federal co urts; jurisdiction to en join proceed ings in state courts; jurisdiction of cou rts of appea ls a nd Supreme Co urt. Hart a nd vVechsler, Th e Federal Courts and th e Federal System; Th e judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in th e Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY (1) MR. KtRBY An elective course with r es tricted enrollme nt desig ned as a compan ion course for Federal Income Taxation to provide introduction to a n ar ea of importance to thos e interes ted in th e government policies und erl ying the federa l tax stru cture. A criti cal examin ation and a nalys is of selected phases of the federal income, es ta te a nd gift tax statutes, with emphas is upon their growth and development, th eir ad ministration a nd r esultin g effects upo n the economy, their need for reform a nd th e possible future legisla tive revision. I NSURANCE LAW (2)* MR. HAV!GHURST Formation a nd co nstruction of co ntracts for life, casualty a nd property insura n ce; organization a nd r egula tion of insura n ce companies under the laws of the several states; app licati on of fed er al laws to insurance; measures for safeguard ing the solvency of compa nies a nd for the protection of policyholders; sup ervision of fir e and casu alty insura nce ra tes ; reinsurance; reh abilitation a nd liquidation of compa ni es. Goble, Case.~ rm In surance Law (2d ed.). LEGAL CLINIC (l ) MR. SACK S T ra ining in client coun selin g, with approximately 12 h ours of classroom work a nd 21 hours of clinical work a t th e Legal Aid Bureau of Un ited Ch ariti es o f Chi cago (123 ii\Tes t Madison Stree t). Topics covered include lega l interviewing; huma n probl ems in estate pla nnin g, ma trimonial relat ions, debt a nd other types o f cases ; use of social age ncies an d o ther community resources in client co unseling; th e n a ture of the cou nseling process. Th e clinical element co nsists primaril y of closely supervised student work with Legal A id Bureau clients. T h e in stru ctor is ass isted by gues t social workers, psychiatrists, a nd lawyers. Mimeographed materi als. A paper is required . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. TRUMBULL The course is describ ed in th e list of courses for th e first semes ter. MR. McGOVERN R ESTITUTION (3) * The principles a nd remedies ava ilable, a t law a nd in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one p erso n a t the exp ense of another as a result of such circumsta n ces as mistake, fraud , duress, a nd impossibility or illegality of performance. Durfee and D awson, Cases on R estitution. 38 �SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE (1) MR. lNBAU T he technical a nd legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientifi c experts participa te as g ues t lecturers. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) The co urse is describ ed MR. HA NLE Y 111 the list of cou rses for the first semes ter. T RIAL TECHNIQUE (1) MR. GOLDSTEI N T he course is d escrib ed in th e list of courses fo r the first semester. SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) l\lIR. A Litigation Study FILLMAN A study of prin ciples governing certain problems of federal jurisdi ction a nd procedure, based o n th e deve lo pme nt o f o ne case from in cep tio n to time of trial. T h e sem in ar is inte nded to provide in sights into motion practice, to afford some practi ce in d raf tin g lega l docum ents and to develo p a n understa ndin g of co urt li tiga ti o n by a compariso n with arbi tration. Mimeogra phed ma teria ls a nd ass ign ed readin gs. Ana lysis and Solution of Selected L ega l Problems MR. TEEVAN Prima ry emph as is is placed o n the writte n so lutio ns of co ntempora ry problems ta ken mai nl y from Illino is law. l\lIR. An titrust Law W ESTO N Applica tion of th e a ntitrust a nd related laws to r epresentative business problems in volving mergers, price policies, rela tions with suppli ers and distributors, control of brands and advertising, licensin g of patents, a nd other problems. Discussion of governmen tal pol icy in th ese areas as well as practical treatmen t of probl ems. T h e course in Trade R ela tio ns is a prerequisite. Civ£l Lib erties in M.odern D emocratic So cieties MR. 1ATHANSON A compara tive study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems en countered by modern d emocrat ic societies in defining the scope of freedom of speech , press, associa tion , r eligion, and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of extern al a nd internal stress. ComfJarative Law MR. NEKAM An a n alys is of some proposed uses o f the comparative method in law, with spec ia l emph as is up o n the usefuln ess of su ch m ethod from the point of view of better und erstandin g o ne's ow n legal system . l\tIR. R UDE R, MR. GARRETT Corporation Finance Selected problems in corporate fin a nce, with emphasis o n problems in fed eral and state securities regulation, a nd p ubli c fin a nce ge nerall y. The semin ar will also deal with rela ted probl ems pecu liar to th e close corporation , such as control devices and bu y-an d-sell agreeme nts. Stress will be placed on planning a nd drafting. T h e co u rse on co rp ora tions is a prereq uisite. .J e nnings a nd Marsh, Se curities Regulation ; Baker and Cary, Cases and N[at erials on Corporations. 39 �Criminal Ev idence Seminar MR. !NBAU Selected problems regardin g the ad miss ibility of ev idence m crimin al cases. Estat e Plannin g M R. \ ,V REN This seminar is described in the list of semi n ars for the first semester. MR. COONS Government Contracts An exa mina tion of the policies and procedures of federal procurement, with emphas is on defense spending. Consideration will be given to problems of appropriations, contract awards, performance, disputes and app eals procedures, research and development con tracts, and the use of the contract device as a means of social control. Int ernational Law MR. MACCHESNEY This semi nar is described in the list of seminars for the first semester. MR. ELSO N Labor Law Coll ective barga ining ; drafting and interpreta tion of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; prin ciples and practices of industrial community governmen ts; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. The course in Labor R elatio ns is a prerequisite. MR. COONS, MR. BOHANNAN Law and Emerging Societies Exa min a ti o n of cultural-lega l structures in societies commonl y styled "primitive," includin g modes of disp ute settling, sustantive rules and their sources, interr elat ion of indigeno us and colonial law, choice of law in pluralisti c societi es, and methodology in r esea rch. Hoebel, Th e Law of Primitive Man . INSTRUCTOR TO BE ANNOUNCED Law R eview Special resea rch studies, open to members of a nd competitor s for the Editorial Board of the No rthw est ern University Law R eview. Legal Histor)' l\!JR. McGovERN Th e history of the common law, beginning with a brief survey of the so urces of law and development of legal instituti ons, followed by a study of the history of selected areas of substa nti ve law, su ch as succession to property and li ability in crime a nd tort. Problems in Ta xation of Business Incom e MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporatio ns a nd partnerships. The tax trea tment of corporate reorganization, d istributio ns, liquidation and mergers will be explored at both the corporate and the shareholder levels; th e taxation of other forms of doing business will be contrasted ther ewith. Enrollment restricted to those who have sa tisfactoril y completed the basic income tax course or its equivalent. MR. KAPLAN Stat e and Local Governm ent * Deals with topics selected from th e wide and rap idl y cha nging field of state and local government. In view of the great and in creasing urbanization of the U nited States, the sem in ar centers on th e government of metropolitan areas, with 40 �emphasis on the relationships of governmental bodies to each other under the increasing impact of federal financing and activity in such fields as transportation, water, police, housing and city planning. Materials to be announced . SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural ad juncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are h eld which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general education al program, upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs with in th e School. The most notable of these established programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School , was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Ros enthal Lecture Series, wluch has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the a nnual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth , Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under th e title "Some Lessons From Our Legal History," by the Macmillan Company. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codifica tion Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison" in "The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary," by the Commercial Press. In 1931 , Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of L aw of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History," and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published 41 �under the title "Bankruptcy in Un ited States History, " by Harvard University Press. In 1936, Walton Hale H ami lton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, H enry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. T hese lectures were publish ed under the title "The Trial Judge," by th e Foundation Press, In c. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at H arvard U ni versity. These lectures were published und er th e titl e "The Law in Quest of Itself," by th e Foundat ion Press, Inc. In 1946-47 a series of monthl y lectures covering th e evolution , structure, operation , and philosophy of the Un ited Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have bee n intima tely associa ted with the establishm ent a,nd development o-f the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given und er th e direction of Adla i E. Stevenson , who is presently serv ing as Un ited States Ambassador to the United Natio ns. In 1947-48, und er th e direction of Mr. Steve nso n, a nother series of lectures was g ive n on subjects in th e fi eld o f lntern a t-ional R ela tions a nd Intern a tion al Law. In 1948-49, J ohn N . Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, d eliver ed a lecture on "The Soviet Union a nd Internation al Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, H arvard University, d eli vered a series of three lectures on the subject, " On Understanding the Supreme Court," publish ed as a volum e under that titl e by Little, Brown & Co. In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor o f Law, Un iversity of Michigan , d elivered a series of lectures o n "The Histor y of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under th e title, "Unjust Enr ichm e nt, A Comparative Ana lys is," by Little, Brown & Co. In 1951 , Abraham H. Feller, Gen eral Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures o n "World L aw, ii\lorld Community and the United Nations," publish ed as a volume under th e title "U nited N a tions and World Community," b y Littl e, Brown & Co. In 1952, Charles Horsk y, of the Distri ct o f Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "T he Lawyer and th e Government," publish ed as a volu me under the titl e "Th e \1\'ashin gton Lawyer," by Littl e, Brown & Co. In 1952-53 the followin g lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference o f 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Orga niza tion ; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial Sys tem," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New J ersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by R ob ert H. Jackson , Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Un ited States. A Conference was also h eld on the subj ect of the Revision of the Illino is Criminal Code, th e speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of th e Supreme Court of Illinois, a nd H erbert W echsler, Professor of L aw at Columbi a Un ivers ity. In 1954, Adolf A. B erle, Jr., Professor of L aw, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "Th e 20th Century Capitalist R evolution," publish ed as a volume under that title by Harco urt, Brace. 42 �In 1955, James Wi llard Hu rs t, Professor of L aw, U niversity of Wisco nsin, deliver ed a seri es of lectures o n "L aw a nd Liberty in the 1 ine tee nth Ce ntury," published as a vol um e under th e title, "Law a nd the Co nd itio ns of Freedom in th e Nin etee nth Century U n ited Sta tes," by the U niversity of ·wisco nsin Press. In 1955-56, lec tur es were g ive n by L ouis B . Sohn, Professor of Law, H ar vard U n iversity, Ernest A. Grnss, Legal Adv iser to th e Secreta ry Ge ner al o f th e U nited Na ti o ns, a nd J ohn } . Parker, C h ief Judge of th e U nited States Co urt o f Ap p eals (o r the Fo urth Circu it. In 1956-57, the fo llow ing lectures we re give n : "The Ind ividual a nd th e Ru le of Law U nder th e New .Japa nese Co nsti tut io n," by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law a nd Pol itical Scie nce, Tokyo U ni versity; "Judi cial E n force men t of D esegrega tio n: Its Pro bl ems a nd L imi ta ti o ns," by A. E . Papale, Dean, Sch ool of L aw, Loyola U ni versity, New Orl ea ns; "Murd er a nd the Prin ciples of Pun ishment," by H erbert L.A . H arl, Professor of Jurisp ru de nce, Oxford U nivers ity. I n l 958, Leon Green, for merl y Dea n of the Law School a nd presently D isting uished Pro fessor of Law, U ni versity o f Texas, de li vered a series of lectures o n " Tort Li ab ili ty: Loss Insura nce for T r affi c Vict ims," published as a volume und er the titl e, "Traffi c Victims; Tort Law a nd I nsura nce," by the Northwes tern U nive rsity Press. In 1959, Louis Eisenstein, of th e Distri ct o f Colu mb ia bar, delivered a series of lectu res on "Th e Ideologies o f Taxatio n," p u bl ish ed as a volum e under tha t titl e by the R o n ald Press. In 1960, the R ight Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord o [ Appeal in O r din ary of th e U ni ted Kin gdom, deliver ed a seri es of lectures o n "T h e Law a nd Its Compass," p u blished as a volume under that title by the Northwes tern U niversit y Press. In J 961, H arold Canfield H avighurst, fo rmerl y D ea n o f the Law School a nd presentl y a member o f the fa cu lty, deli vered a series of lect ures o n " T h e Nature o f Priva te Contract," p ubl ish ed as a vol um e u nder that t itle by the Northwes tern U ni versity Press. In 1962, the Rt. R ev. James A. Pike, Bishop of th e Episcop al D iocese of Californi a, deliver ed a seri es of lectures o n "Th e Ethic Beyo nd Legal Ethics: T h e R eli gious a nd E thi ca l Vocation of the Lawyer," p u blished as a volume un de r th e title, "Beyo nd T h e Law," by D o ub leday & Compa ny, In c. In 1963, Wi lber G. Katz, Pro fesso r o f Law, U ni ve rsity o f W isconsin, deli vered a series of lectu res o n " R eligio n a nd Ameri ca n Co nstitut ions." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM T h e Char les Clare n ce L inthicum Fo und ation was es tablished in 1926 in memor y of Professor L inth icum, a n alumnus of the class of l 882, a member of the Law School fa culty from 1902 to 1915, and o ne of the most eminent p a tent lawyen of his d ay. T h e income of th e fu n d is devo ted to th e support of research , study, a nd d evelopmen t of the law of trade, industry, a nd commerce. From time to time prizes h ave been awarded from these fu nds for meritorious 43 �Public officials participate w ith business leaders in co-curricu lar programs, relating formal instruction to current public questions . books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and European authors. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of significant conferences. In 1948, a Round Table was held und er the Linthicum Foundation o n the subject, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R. J ohnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean a nd Professor of Law, Yal e U niversity; Thomas C. McConnell a nd L eo F. Tierney, of the Chicago bar; Jam es A. Rahl, of the faculty, and stud ents from the class in Trade Relations. In 1949, a Round Table was held on the subject, "'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Judge of the Un ited States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W. Willard Wirtz, the present Secretary of Labor a nd formerly of the faculty, and students from the class in Labor Relations. In 195 1, the Foundation contributed to the support of an Academic Conference on " Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of a series of conferences held by the U nivers ity in celebration of its Centennial. In J 951 , a Confer ence was held on the subject of "Arbitration and w ·age Stab ili zation." In 1952, a Forum was held on the subject, "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. K enneth Galbraith , United States Ambassador to India and formerly Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 1954, a Conference was held on " Chicago's Fight Against Slums. " In 1955, a Co n ference was held on "The Antitrust Laws a nd the Attorney General's Committee Report." In 1955, a Conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." 44 �In 1956-57, the Law School was a joint sponsor of Conferen ces on " The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" and "Chicago's Housing Code." In 1957, a Conference was held on " Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959, the Foundation was co-sponsor of a Con fere nce on " Freedom in the Modern American Economy, " presented as a part of the Law School's centennial o bserva nce. The speakers included Arthur ] . Go ldberg, presently an Associate Justi ce of th e Supreme Court of the Un ited States and an alumnus of the School. In 1960, as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a Conference was held on the su bject, "Individual Freedom and Public Debate." Among the speakers was Adlai E. St evenson , the present United States Ambassador to the United Nations and an alumnus of the School. In 1961, a Conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N . JVIinow, Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission , and Roscoe E. Barrow, Dean of the University of Cincinnati College of Law, both alumni of the School. In 1961 , a Conference was held on " The Illinois Professional Association Law." Amo ng the participants was Crane C. Hauser, Chief Counsel of the Internal Revenue Service of the Un ited States Treasu ry and an alumnus of the School. In 1962, a Con fere nce was held on "The Un iform Commercial Code in Illinois." In 1963, a Conference was held on "The Law of Space and of Sa tellite Comm uni cations." CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE T he Law School cooperated in I 962 with several bar associations in inaugurating an annual Corporate Counsel Institute to be h eld a t Northw es tern for the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corpora te co unsel, consid ering topics of current importance in the corporate field, and providing an opportunity for discussion of problems amo ng corporate counsel. The firs t Institute, which was held on October 11 and 12, 1962, attracted approx imately 300 members of the corpora te bar. T he second Institute will be h eld in the Law School on October IO a nd 11 , 1963. Professor David S. Ruder serves as Director of the Institute. THE CRIMIN AL LAW PROGRAM In 1958, the Ford Foundation granted $300,000 to the Law Schoo l fo r the purpose of reviewing problems of special interest to corporate co un sel, conoffering of six grad ua te fellowsh ips annuall y fo r studi es in crimin al law. As a part of the Criminal Law Program, the Law School offers an nual co nfe rences and short courses for various gro u ps in volved in the adm inistra tion of criminal justice. In add ition to the lo ng established program for prosecuti ng attorneys, separate courses and confer ences are co ndu cted for defense lawyers in criminal cases, for newsmen, for criminal court judges and legislators, and for high-ranking police and law enforcement officials. 45 �The student residence is the scene of many hours of study- essential to a legal education . Library research, with ready access by students to wide-ranging source materials, supplements classroom work. 46 �Informal coffee hours offer students opportunities for social visits with membe rs of the faculty and prominent guests. Outstanding legal scholars present annual lectures as part of the School's supplemental programs. A recent visitor was the Right Hon . Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the United Kingdom. Rigorous traditions of scho larship make participation in t he work of the Low -- -- Review a rewarding experience. �THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957, the Ford Foundation award ed $200,000 to the Law School for the expa nsion of its program in International Legal Studies. The School's early interest in th e field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library coll ections in foreign and international law, and by its long-standing requirement that each student pursue some international studi es. In furtherance of its program, the School has offered seminars in Inter national Business Transactions, International Organization , Comparative Law, Admiralty, a nd Civi l Liberties on a compara ti ve basis, and a course in Family Law, with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for add itional faculty and for visiting fo reign professors, and they support graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-seminars and conferences in the field of international law. 48 �In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE STUDENT BODY A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom, the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fellows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern, the entering student finds himself a member of a close-knit community of men and women , bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 425 students, thus facilitating wide acquaintance among the students. For purposes of instruction, most of the classes are divided into sections, further guarding the individual from being submerged in the mass. The beginner himself will have been carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates will be high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and 49 �universities in the United States and a broad. In a spirit of healthy competition, the student real izes his own full capacities in keeping pace with his fellows . Students benefit from friendly relation ships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men a nd women from some 35 states and eight or 10 foreign cou ntries. More than 100 coll eges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see p. 85). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and man y students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and ven turesom e, and a broad range of opinion a nd experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law R eview, one of the nation 's leadi ng professional journals. The R eview is circulated widely among lawyers and judges, and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although wr it ten, edited, an d publi shed by men who have not yet achieved profession al status, is unique amo ng the professions. , !\Tork on the Law R eview is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law R eview was first es tablished by students of th e school during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appeara n ce of the first student journal in the nation . Publication was continued in 1906, after a 10-year suspension, under the titl e Illinois Law R eview . For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the U niversity of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students res umed full control and in 1952 the name was changed to Northwestern University Law R eview . At the beginning of their second year, students of highest scholastic sta ndin g are chosen to write commen tary on legal problems for publication a nd to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the Rev iew. Selection is one of the highest hon ors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law R eview is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich education al experience and resultin g excellent qualification for 50 �any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are so ught and preferred after graduation by leading law firms , governme nt, and private business. The fact that the student body is not large mea ns that at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in many other schools. Although Law R eview students work h ard, they take one clay off each spr in g to play a softball game with the faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the fo ibles of their professors. Th e .Journal of Criminal Law. Criminology and Police Science.Products of student scholarship also are published in the .Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. The .Journal, first in its field , with a world-wide circulation, has been published continuously by the School since 1910. The editor-in-chief is Claude R . Sowle, Associate Dean and Professor of Law, Northwestern University. He is assisted by Gresham M. Sykes, Professor of Sociology, Dartmouth University, who serves as Criminology Editor, and a board of Associate Editors composed of lega l scholars and criminologists. The section on Police Science is under the editorship of Mr. Ordway H ilton, an examiner of questioned documents in New York City, assisted by a board of Associate Ed itors in the fields of criminalistics, police admin istration, and legal medicine. Professor Freel E. Inbau of the Law School faculty is the Managing Director. The .Journal is published quarterly. Student comments and papers prepared in the seminars relating to criminal law or in individual study are published regularly in the Journal. In combination with the Law R eview, the Journal offers to students in the Law School a dual opportunity for intensive experience in legal scholarship and for contribution to em inent professional journals. MOOT COURT COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by a voluntary program conducted for advanced students in the School. The program is supervised and administered by members of the faculty ·with the assistance of upperclassmen, and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the prese ntat ion of ora l arguments before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and challengin g than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final argument is conducted before the entire student body, customarily with distinguished judges from the federal bench. The presiding judge for the 1963 final argument ·was Justice Arthur J. Goldberg of the Supreme Court of the U nited States, an alumnu s of the Law School. The finalists represent the School in the National Moot Court Competition. 51 �STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry, to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students themselves. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is th1.c the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers :, nd the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to 52 �the Law School to address the students on subjects of general interest. Informal receptions, known as coffee hours, are held frequently in Lowden Hall to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual conversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student responsibility, through the Junior Bar Association, to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association participates in an orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception and small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner and to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course materials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. To strengthen ties with former students and to inform the alumni of developments at the School, the students also publish the Law School Reporter, a magazine distributed to students and graduates three times each year. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those re~ppnsibi}ities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learn& the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend r:q.uch time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreatior. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities-Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Delta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi - have been established at the Law School. Members do not live nor eat together and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as 53 �(Above) Working cooperatively in student activities , p rospective lawyers become acquainted with the collective concerns of the profess io n. (Right) The annual Faculty-Law Review softball game reveals th e teacher in a diffe rent gu ise . recreational value. T hey hold luncheo ns during the co urse of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they spo nsor dances and informal parties. No ne of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics in volving the legal fratern iti es and other groups on the ca mpus offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, a nd other facilities are available for indi vidual recreation. T ickets are offered at reduced rates for the U niversity's intercollegia te athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at h and. STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial minority of the student body is married. At the social gatherings of the L aw Wives, the student's wife can visit with faculty wives, d iscuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to unders tand the work that demands so much of her husband's time a nd a ttenti on, the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the fac ulty members on the vicissitudes of law stud y or a legal problem of general interes t. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives, to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. 54 �STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are expected to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, 18 stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountaingrill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling, squash and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and 5½ day maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the floor plan which appears on page 58 of this Bulletin. 55 ��Frequent special events bring eminent ju ri sts, outstanding government officials, and other noted speakers to the School. Right, Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren. Below, United States Ambassador to the United Nations Adlai E. Stevenson, an alumnus of the Law School. The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food a nd is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. The average room rate for the academic year is $3 65.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for p ayments on October 1, J anu ary l, and April 1, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with a $25. 00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11. 57 �Abbott Hall also has a limited number of apartments for married students, which are completely furnished including utilities and daily maid service. Apartments average $ 130.00 per month. There is a variety of other apartments in the vicinity of the Law School within easy commuting distance. For the convenience of students, a listing of off-campus housing is mainta ined in Abbott Hall. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student Health Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the University and situated on the campus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School Students are enrolled with the Service a t the time of registration, and a t that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detailed information about the plan. For a more complete description, the Student H ealth Service Information Bulletin is available upon request. 58 �"Old Northwestern! "That's where we learned our law." - "The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmort:, Dean 1901-29. THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM The deepest traditions of the Law School are rooted in scholarship and educational excellence. For more than a century, the Law School has been devoted to improvement and innovation in legal education. Its graduates and faculty have numbered among the great teachers and scholars of their times, and, as deans and faculty m embers in other centers of legal learning, have shared and extended this dedication. The academic program of the School today reflects and preserves the strong tradition. ADMISSION Since its early years, the Law School h as followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are ca pable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qu alities of character requisite to the profession. The School endeavors to admit on ly those applicants whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of study. 59 �Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the: Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester, in September. Before enrollment, the student must have obtained a bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. The application form must be supplemented by a transcript from each college or university attended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant will be asked at registration to supply a final transcript certifying the award of a b achelor's degree, unless the transcripts originally submitted contain that certification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, which is designed to measure the student's general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New Jersey, will be supplied with the admission forms. The test may be taken either before or after the forms are filed, although an applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to register either for the test given in the fall or the test given in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should be requested to report the applicant's score directly to the School of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations, on forms furnished by the School, from two college or university instructors. An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospective students are invited and encouraged, however, to visit the School. The completed application form may be submitted at any time during the year preceding the expected date of entrance. Early application is advisable. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application. The application fee is $ 10.00. Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law 60 �study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college or professors, or request the student to appear for an interview to assist the committee in its deliberations. An applicant who is accepted for admission is required to make a deposit of $50.00 by April 15 of the year of entrance or within thirty clays after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration, the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition. No applicant previously enrolled in another Jaw school will be admitted either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in Jaw study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $10.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of class standing should also be submitted. Transfer applicants are not required to take the Law School Admission Test unless requested. If an applicant has already taken the test, however, a score report must be furnished to complete the application. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event will transfer credit be given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. SUMMER SESSION A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the summer session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in which he is permanently enrolled. 61 �PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that will enhance his power to express himself with clarity a nd force. Engli sh, foreign la nguage courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be develope.d as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural , and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, may be suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost, to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject, to gain the experience of deep and thorough understanding. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law, designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort will be better spent in studies in other fields. It should be noted that a student will be required to take a one-hour course in accounting in the second year of Law School unless he has received college credit for three semester-hours, or its equivalent, in the field. 62 �Robert R. McCormick Ha ll, ded icated in 1960 and made possible in part by alumni gifts, completes the Law School quadrangle. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $2600 approximates the total expense for the academic year of the average unmarried student res.iding in Abbott Hall, the Law School dormitory. Of th is total, slightly more than $1300 is required for tuition , fees, books and supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board, and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, while large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same interests it has refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern. 63 �Tu ition for the academic ye:u 1963-64 is as follows: Undergraduate Full T uition First Semes ter . ... ..... .... .... ... . .... . .. .... . .. ... ... . ....... $600.00 Second Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.00 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300.00 Undergradua te Part-time Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.00 Graduate F ull Tu itio n, each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 600.00 Graduate Part-time T uition . . ..... . ..... .. . ... .. ... ..... .... (proportionate a mount of full tuition) R es ident in R esearch Fee Each Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 U nclass ified Students-Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-ho ur p er week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.00 Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as und ergradua te students. Cand ida tes for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the d egree of Doctor of Juridical Scie nce (S.J.D .) a nd stud ents who h ave rece ived the ir Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or th eir equivalents and are in the ir first semes ter of full-tim e gradua te work p endin g their acceptan ce as ca ndidates for a gradua te d egree are classified as graduate students. All other st udents are unclass ified students. Candidates for the S.J.D. a nd LL.M. d egree who h ave done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the R esident in R esearch fee un less they take co urses or semin ars, in which event they are charged at the rate of $60.00 a credit-ho ur. Unclassified students in residence who ar e n either taking courses or seminars for credit nor a uditin g courses or seminars are charged the R esident in R esearch fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are charged as indicated below : App lication Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 (This fee is not transferable and is not r efunda ble upo n withdrawal.) (A n advance d eposit of , 50 is required o [ all applica nts accepted for admission. This depos it is not refundable, but will b e applied as part p ay ment of tuition. Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Master of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Doctor of Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Student H ealth Fee (R equired of all full-time students.) First semester . ... . ..... .. . .... . .. .. ...... .... . ........ ........ . 30.00 Second semester .............................................. . 30.00 Summer term ... .. . . ................. .. . . ... ... .... .. .. .. ..... . 10.00 64 �Mimeograph Fee" First semester Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late R egistration Fee (for r egistering after th e scheduled time) . . . . . . . . C ha nge of R egistra tion Fee (after th e first two weeks of classes in each term) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Physical Examin ation Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 5.00 2.50 5.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather th a n by th e full academic year. Payments ar e due in the first few weeks after the com mencement of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each stud ent after r egistratio n. The Cashier's Office, co nveni ently located on th e first fl oor o f Abbott H all, receives these payments. The Division of Student Finance, on the first fl oor of A bbott H all, issu es the statements a nd m a kes all adjustments. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are availabl e a t th e Gen eral Office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of th e first one-eighth of the term a re held for no tuition beyo nd the amount of th e advanced d eposit required to be p aid by entering students. Students who withdraw a ft er the first o ne-eighth of th e term a nd before the encl of o ne-fourth o f th e term are h eld for one-fourth of the tuition for the term . Stud ents who withdraw a fter the first o ne-fourth of the term and before the midd le of th e term are h eld for o ne-half of the tuition for th e term. Students who withdraw after th e m iddle of the term are held for fu ll tu ition. R egardl ess of the time of withdrawal , stud ents a re held for all fees , except tha t those who withdraw befor e the encl of the first one-eighth of the term are no t h eld for th e stud ent h ealth fee. In the case of excl usion for nonpayment of tuiti o n, the sam e charges are m ade in accorda nce with the above schedule. In all cases th e date on which the stude nt withdrew from classes, or th e date of formal exclusio n, is used in figurin g a n y adjustme nt on tuiti on. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergradu a te and gradua te students who meet the following regulations are eligible to app ly fo r rebates: (a) full-time faculty a nd staff mem bers listed o n the regular twelvemonth payroll of th e Un iversity; (b) dependent so ns and da ughters of such persons; (c) full-tim e empl oyees of affi li a ted institutio ns. • In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor requ ired in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretaria l assistant;; spent in research, editing , and cutting the stencils for the ma te ria ls. 65 �A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the established fuU-tim e tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the fulltime facu lty member or staff employee cannot carry, wi th justice to his work, more than h alf of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are ava ilable at the Student Finance Office, Abbott H all, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for the rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbo tt Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. R ebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only, and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbo tt H all, as an accommodation to students. Studen ts may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS, AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability a nd motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance so that h e can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loa ns, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies a t Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive finan cial assistan ce in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financi al assistance to a first-year student is r enewed as a matter of course for his second a nd third year if he maintains a creditable class standing. All or part of an award may be m ade subj ec t to an obligation of repayment after gradu a tion. In these cases, repayment is ordinarily m ad e on an installment b asis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the encl of the first year after graduation, and thereafter the rate is low. Awards of fin ancial assistance are m ade upon the basis of academic promise a nd need. Each applica tion is individually considered by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifica tions for law study and monetary 66 �Generous physical facilities , and a student body of limited size, produce an atmospher': conducive to effective study . needs. For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law. Application forms for scholarships and gra nts may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Special applica tion forms are required for the Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships, described below. An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted early to assure consideration before funds are committed. The available funds are: Cla rion DeWitt Hard y Scholarships in Law . Scholarships providing [or tuition , and for an addition al amount of up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are available for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient, with average summer earnings, to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion De"\,Vitt Hardy 67 �of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in l 948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his edm:ation. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities . Funds are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the faculty administers the program. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A gift of $20,000 from Charles Weinfeld in 1954 established a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. The amount granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the School, is for the purpose of paying tuition or other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow V\Tare, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illnois from 1924 to l 934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship, through a gift to the University of $ 10,000. The 68 �income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915, to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Class of 1937 Scholarship. From a fund established by the Class of 1937, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving of financial assistance. Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Comp.any Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $27,000 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $225 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University scholarships and grants yielding amounts varying according to demonstrated need. Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be 69 �used each year, during his freshm an year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student who is in need of financial assistance. Farm ers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the last academic year was $750. Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U . Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Association.s, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his distinguished career. Ednyfed H . Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student at the School of Law (1908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. David T. Campb ell Fund . From the income from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell, Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to students of character and ability who are in need of financial assistance. City Products Corporation Scholarship . In June, 1963, the City Products Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, made a grant of $ 1,200 to provide a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving and financially needy student. 70 �John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry ·w igmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profess ion's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status, but confer only a nominal financial award. The J ewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by The J ewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. LOANS Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. The most recent addition is the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Fund. In December, 1961, Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro made a gift of $6,800 to the Law School to be used to provide repayable grants to deserving law students in need of financial assistance. In addition, Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the Fraternity who are in need of such aid to complete their law school education. The maximum amount of such loans is .$500. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examina tion is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given and grades are based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. In addition, begining in 1965, a comprehensive examination will be required each year of all students who entered the Law School in September, J963, or thereafter, and who are scheduled to be graduated in February, June, or August of the year following the examination. The examination, which will be administered in either September or October 71 �each year, will cover all required courses. No credit hours toward graduation will be given for the taking of the examination. However, each student's grade on the examination will receive a weight of four hours in all subsequent computations of his grade average. Students who are eligible but who, for good reason, are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the end of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to a ttain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars in which no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (Pass) or F (Failure). HONORS AND PRIZES Since its beginnings, the Law School has been dedicated to the encouragement and recognition of legal scholarship. In 1907, the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of original and enduring scholarship and the devotion to excellence manifested in the founding of the Order of the Coif permeate the activities of the School. Exemplifying the Law School's emphasis on scholarship are the many honors and awards recognizing superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. 72 �THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the No rthwestern University Law R eview is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. JV[embership on the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the .Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditicms. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the faculty. THE LOWDE LWIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE The income from a fund established in 1962 by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually to provide a prize of approximately $400, a certificate, and a key for the student preparing the best paper dealing with some aspect of the law of local government. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $ 1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms an award cup and a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Interests by Carey and Schuyler are presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. AWARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After 10 years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. 73 �At commencement, graduates enter the ranks of t he lega l profession , choosing among its numerous branches. Frequent personal contacts between students and facu lty often result in associations lasting beyond graduat ion . To re ne w school friendsh ips, a lumni gather annuall y for a dinner and a report on Law School progre ss . 74 �CLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE To recognize outstanding legal scholarship, the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AVVARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $100 annually, as an honor ::inrl reward to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American jurisprudence give a volume of that publication, covering a particular subject, as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most sa tisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL A\i\TARD A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insuran ce Counsel journal is awarded annually to the student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance. DEGREES Degrees wi ll be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris DocLOr (JD.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on pages 28-29. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equiva lent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern Univers ity School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from anoLher law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be ea rned in this School. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship mer its special recognition , the degree may be awarded "'il\Tith Distinction" or "With Highest Distinction." 75 �Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study, below. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers, and prospective law teachers, interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. Inquiries concerning graduate study should be addressed to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. No application fee is required of foreign applicants for admission to graduate study. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Graduate Committee. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, 76 �this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students will be required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Eae:h graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law will be required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for their research, the Graduate Committee may, in its discretion, require graduate students to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. (c) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the facu lty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor, and who have fulfilled the following requirements: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School. The time required for the comp letion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. (c) The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. (d) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. It is the policy of the faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and 77 �who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the faculty. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on page 64 of the Bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,300 to $1,400. Accommodations for unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students, and it is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. GRADUATE FELLOvVSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $6,400 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For more than 10 years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The school has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant, the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including International Legal Studies. 78 �The amount of these fellowships is three thousand two hundred dollars ($3,200). From these amounts, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. In addition, since 1961 the General Electric Foundation has made an annual grant of $5,000 for research in the field of International Law. A fellowsh ip is conferred for this purpose. FELLOWSHIPS IN CRIMINAL LAW A grant in 1958 to the Law School by the Ford Foundation contains provisions for a program of graduate study in criminal law. The grant provides that six fellowships may be awarded annually. Two of these fellowships are for graduates of foreign law schools. Generally, persons receiving these fellowships are candidates for the degree of Master of Laws. A primary aim of this graduate program is the improvement of criminal justice through the development and training of outstanding persons interested in devoting their talents primarily to teaching and writing in the field of criminal law and administration. The program is also open to persons interested in additional study as preparation for or in furtherance of careers in other areas of the administration of criminal justice. In selecting the fellows, considerable weight is given to the applicant's scholastic record and attainments both in law school and in college. Consideration also is given to the applicant's interest in the field of criminal law and his plans for the future with respect to that interest. Although actual experience in some area of the administration of criminal justice is not required for admission to the program, such experience is, of course, helpful in demonstrating the applicant's genuine interest in the field. The amounts of the fellowships range from $3,200 to $4,200. From these amounts, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of each fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in ten installments, the first being available on September 15. GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowship programs described above, including application requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Also, fellowships are granted for one year only. 79 �None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arriva l until September 15. TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Assoc iates are appointed a nnuall y to assist in the educational program of the School. Each associate normally devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with written work. The balance of his time is available at the option of each associate for research and class work toward a graduate degree or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the faculty. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student JOms the century-long procession of Law School alumni . A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a Placement Office under faculty direction. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Office gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. T h e Placement Office compiles a complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announ cements of new openings to keep the students' information current. It has been repeated in each generation that the bar is overcrowded. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year, the Placement Office receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for many times the number of available graduates. Naturally, most of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession as well as their clients, they have occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating class accept positions with government, at the national, state, or local 80 �In this century, four d ist inguished scholars and educators have led Northwestern's School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assumed the post in 1957. Informal conferences with faculty members comp lement regular course work. 81 �in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorneys-general, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisors. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: In more than half the presidential campaigns of the past 65 years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary, Northwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity, beyond the limits of traditional practice, is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School Placement Office to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary contacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Office arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. 82 �level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Law School Placement Office also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. 83 �THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. Commemorating the Law School's centennial, they contributed substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges in the Moot Court programs . In addition, alumni are freq uently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invalu ab le assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an a lumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a facu lty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. Officers and directors of the Law A lumni Association for the academic year 1962-63 were: OFFICERS, 1962-63 President ...... . .. . .. .................... ...... . C. IvEs vVALDO, JR. First Vice President . ..... . .. .. .. ... .. . ........... . . PA UL W. CUTLER Second Vice President .... .. . . ... .. . .... . .. . . ...... W1LLIS D. NANCE Third Vice President ......... . .... ... . . . ... ...... J OSEPH H . WRIGHT R egiona l Vice Presidents .. .. ..... JOHN BODNER, .JR. ; LOWELL HASTINGS; HARRY R. Ho1mow; HELMER JOHNSON; LAURENCE OLIPHANT; and PAUL ZIFFREN Secretary ..... ... ..... . . .... .. ................ EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR. Treasurer ... .. . ............... . ....... ...... CHARLES L. KAUFMANN I mmediate Past President . . ...... .. ....... ..... . ..... STUART S. BALL BOARD OF DIRECTORS ESTHER 0. KEGAN , '36 HENRY KENO£, '3 1 STUART S. BALL, '27 HERBERT C. BROOK, '32 P. DAWN CLARK, '52 JOHN .J. CROWN, '55 BERNARD M. EPSTEIN, '22 JEROME L. ETTLESON, '41 PAUL .J. FURLONG, '47 CRANE C. HAUSER, '50 BARNET HODES, '2 1 Juu us .J. HOFFMAN, ' 15 GEORGE M. KEANE, '38 84 TIMOTHY G. LOWRY, '29 ,N1LLIAM McKITTRICK, '39 WILLIS D. NANCE, '20 RICHARD .J. NELSON, '48 PATRICK w. O'BRIEN, '50 HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52 JoH , PAUL STEVENS, '47 HOWARD .J. TRIENENS, '49 JOSEPH H. 'WRIGHT, '19 ,,v. �REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES Graduates Enrolled in The Law School 1962-63 Aberystwth University ....... .... . .. . 1 Albion College . ....... ........... . . . 2 Amherst College ........ . . . .. ..... . 3 Ateneo de Manila . ... .. .. . ... .. ... . . 1 A ugustana College . . . . .... ... . .... . . 4 Barnard College ............. ...... . 1 Beloit College . . ... . ... ... ... .. . ... . 6 Bonn University ...... .. ..... ... ... . 1 Bradley University ...... . . ...... ... . 4 Brigham Young U niversity . . .... .. . . Brooklyn College . . ..... ....... .. . . . 1 Brown University ....... . .... . .. .. . 5 Catholic U niversity of America .. ... . 1 Coe Coll ege .. .. .. ...... .. ......... . 1 Colgate University . .............. .. . 3 Coll ege of The Holy Cross . .. . ..... . 2 College of St. Thomas . .. . .... . .. . . . 1 Columbia University ............. . . . 2 Corn ell Universi ty .. .. . . .... ..... .. . 2 Dartmouth College .. . .. .. .. ....... . 6 Denison University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 De Paul U niversity ..... ... ...... ... 10 De Pauw Universi ty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Douglass Coll ege .... . .. . . . ....... . . Drake University .. ... . ...... . . ... . . Earlham College ...... . . . . .... . ... . Elmhurst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Florida Southern College . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Franklin & Marshall College . . . . . . . . . 2 Georgetown University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 George Washington U niversity . . . . . . 3 Ghana School of Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Grinnell College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Hamilton College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Hanover College ... .. .............. . Ha1·vard University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Hofstra College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Illinois Institute of Technology . . . . . . 2 Iowa State College .. . ............. . John Carroll University .......... . . . Johns Hopkins University . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lake Forest College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Loyola University ................... 11 Loyola University of South .. .... .. . . Lucknow University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Luther College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Marquette University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Memphis State U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Miami (Ohio) University . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Michigan College of Mining & Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Michigan State U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Mississippi Southern College ..... .. . . Montana State College ............. . National Taiwan University . .. .. . . . Nebraska ,,vesleyan University ...... . No rthern Illinois U nive rsity . .. .. ... . Northwestern University ............ 82 Oberlin Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ohio State University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Ohio Wesleyan University . . . . . . . . . . 4 Park College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Princeton U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 The Principia Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Purdue University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Quincy College .................. . . . Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Roosevelt U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 St. John 's College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 St. Joseph 's College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 St. Louis University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 St. Olaf's College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Shimer College .. ... .. .......... . .. . Smith College . . .......... . .. ...... . Southern Illinois University .... . .. . . Southern Method ist Un iversity ...... . Spring Hill Coll ege . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Stanford University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Syracuse University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Tulane University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Union College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 U.S. Merchant Marine Academy .... . U niversidad de Murcia ... . ......... . Universite' de Louvain .... . . ..... .. . University of Arizona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 University of California . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 U niversity of Chicago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 (Co ntinued ) 85 �University U niversi ty Un iversity Un iversity University U nivers ity Un iversit y Un iversity Un iversity Un ive rsity University U niversity Un iversity University U niversity University 86 of Cin cinnati . . . . . . . . . . . . . l of Colorado . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 of Connecticu t . . ... . . . .. . of Dubuqu e ..... . . . . .... . of Hawaii . .... .• ...... ... of Illin ois ...... . . . .. .. . . . 45 of Indiana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 of Kansas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l of Miami . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 of Michigan . . . . . . . . . . . . . l !i of Nebraska . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of Nort h Caro lin a 2 of No tre Dam e 23 of Oklahoma . . . . . . . . . . . . . l of P ennsylv ania . . . . . . . . . . . 2 of R ed lands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Un iversity of Roch este r University of St. Tomas U niversi ty of Vienna .. U niversity of Wisconsin ........ . 11 Vand erbilt U niversity . . . . . . . . 2 Vassar College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wabash Coll ege . . . .. . . ..... .. 10 Washin gton & Lee Un iversity l , ,vestminister Coll ege .......... 2 West Virginia U niversity .... . . . .... . Whea ton Co llege . . . . . . . . . . 10 W illiams Coll ege ... X a vier U nive rsity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 6 Yal e University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tota l universiti es and co ll eges represented . . ........ . . . ... ..... . . l 18 �CALENDAR FOR 1963-64 ]963 SEPT. 21 Saturday, I :30 P.l\1. SEPT. 23 Monday Nov. 28-30 Thursday-Saturday Thanksgiving recess. DEC. 17-19 Tuescla)>-Thursday DEC. 21 Saturday R egistration for sprin g semester for students curren tl y enrolled. C hristmas recess begins. JAN. JAN. JA N. JA N. 3 17 20 29 Friday Friday Monda)> Wednesday Classes res um e. Classes close. Examination period begins. Examination period closes. FEB. 3 Monday Second semester classes begin. Wednesday-Friday Registration and orientation for new studen ts. Classes begin. 1964 APRIL 8-10 APRiL APRIL 11 20 Saturday Monday R egistration for fall semester for stude nts currentl y enroll ed. Sprin g recess begins. C lasses resume. MAY ]VJAY 22 25 Friday Monday Classes close. Exam inat ion period begins. J UNE J UNE 3 13 Wednesday Saturday JUNE JUNE 15 16 Monday Tuesday Examination period closes. ONE HUNDRED SIXTH ANNUAL COMMENCE· MENT. Registration for summer term. Summer term classes begin. AUGUST 7 AUGUST 10-13 Friday Mon day-Thursday Classes close. Examinat ion period. SEPT. Tuesda)>, 9:30 A.M. 15 SEPT. 17 Thursday Registration a nd orienta tion for new studen ts. Classes begin. Nov. 26-28 Thursday-Saturday Tha nksgiving recess. DEC. 15-17 Tuesday-Thursday DEC. 19 R egistrat ion for spring semester for students currently enrolled. Christm as recess begins. Saturcla)> SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are h eld Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5: 00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School Buildings are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, a nd from 2:00 P.M. to IO :00 P. iVI. on Sunday. 87 �DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries should be addressed to the offices listed below. The post office address, except where indicated, 1s LA w Northwestern University 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 SCHOOL OF Admission ...... .. . . .......... . ... . . . Office of Admissions General information .... Administrative Assistant to the Dean Part-time employment for students . . . . .. Placement Secretary or University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall 337 East Chicago Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60611 Placement service for graduates . ........ Placement Secretary Scholarships ..... ... . . ............... Office of Admissions Student bills and fees .. ......... Division of Student Finance Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 Transcript of records .. . ........ . ............... Registrar Veterans ........................ Veterans Education Office Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore Drive Chicago, Illinois 60611 88 �INDEX Abbo tt Hall , 55 Activities, Student, 52 Admission , 59 Admission, Graduate Study, 76 Alumni Association, 84 Appli cation for Admissio n, 60 Bookstore, 53 Buildings, 14 Calendar, 87 Ca mpus, Professional , 13 Case Method, 24 Classes, T ypical Schedule, 21 Classrooms, 14 Coif, Order of, The, 72 Coon , Owen L., Library, 16 Cou r troom, 16 Crimin al Law Program, 45 Curriculum, 29 Degrees, 75 Degrees, Graduate Study, 76 Directory of Correspondence, 88 Doctor of Juridical Science, 77 Examinations, 71 Facilities, Student, 19 Faculty, 7 Facu lty, Nature of, 23 Fees, 64 Fellowships, 78 Fi nancial Arrangement, 65 Fratern ities, 53 Cary, Elbert H., Library, 16 Grades, 71 Graduate Study in Law, 76 Health Service, 58 Honor Code, 52 Honors and Prizes, 72 H o urs of Credit, Max imum Amount, 29 Instruction, Co urse of, 20 Instruction, Method of, 24 In ternational L egal Studies Program, 48 j ournal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 5 1 Junior Bar Association, 52 Ju ris Doctor, 75 Legal Clinic, 28 L egal Publica tions, 50 Libraries, 16 Linthicum Foundation Program, 43 Loans, 71 Loca tion of Law School, 12 Master of L aws, 76 Mayer, L evy, Hall, 14 McCormick, Robert R., Hall , 14 Moot Court, 51 Northwestern University Law R eview, 50 Officers, U ni versity, 7 Placement, 80 Practice Courses, 27 Pre-legal Study, 62 Problem Method, 26 R ebates to Faculty, Staff: and Instructors, 65 Refund s, 65 R egister of Colleges and Universities, 85 R equired Co urses, 28 R esidence, Student, 55 R osenthal Lectures, 41 Sch edul es and Hours, 87 Schol a rshius, Grants and Financial Assistance, 66 Sem in ar R ooms, 15 Seminars, General Discussion, 27 Staff, 8 Student Activities, 52 Stud ent Deposit Acco unt, 66 Student Health Service, 58 Student Wives, 54 T eaching Associates, 80 T hree-Year Curricu lum, Exp lanation , 22 T raditions, 10 T ransfer Applications, 61 Trial Technique, Trial Practice, Limited Enrollment, 29 T uition , 63 Tuition , Graduate Study, 64 Wit hdrawal and R efunds, 65 89 �7\(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO 11 c•anston ·[ampus 12 miles north I I I I i N._ewber [hildrm's J,t,morial Hospital 2//.z mi. by ".(' i .(ibrary [ lu1@;l1uj ·SUPERIOR STREET HURO N STREET .Cc(jEN..'D 1. WARD l\-l EMORIAL BU ILDING 2. WI EBOLDT HALL 3. LA IV SCHOOL QUADRANGLE 4. THORN E HALL 5. ABBOTT HALL 6. PA'ITE RSO N MEl\-lORIAL BUILDING ( PASSAVA NT HOSPITAL) 7. WESLEY HOSPITAL 8. VETE RANS ADMIN I STRATI ON RESEARC H HOSP ITAL 9. MORTON MEDICAL RESEARC H BU ILD ING 10. DEPART!\-IENT OF NUTRITION AND l\·IETABOLISM - - - - ~ ELEVATED L IN ES t .BUS LI NES .(a Salle~ Station <;rand [mtral ,fl Station I rn,arborn Sta;ion Ill f/ELD i11usEUM SOLD IER FJELD JUM ADLER PLA NETAR SHEDD AQUA RIU M \ lz pour" Afll£ �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston: Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston: Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston: Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, or four-year program omitting cooperative work assignments, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engineering. For information regarding any undergraduate school of the University, write to the Director of Admissions, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois GRADUATE SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago: Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields, leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Business Administration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree ?f Doctor of_ Dental Surgery. Also t~o-year course for women high school graduates leadmg to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degree of Juris Doctor. By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-eight months. Also advanced study and resea rch leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of Juridical Science. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree o_f Doctor of Medicine; degree of Ba~helor of Science in Medicine granted af ter complet10n ot first year. Also programs leadmg to the degrees of Bachelor of Science in N ursing, Bachelor of Science in Physical Therapy, and Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology. EVENING ~IVISIONS-Evanst~n and Chicago: Evening studies leading to certificates in educat10n, liberal arts, and busmess; and programs leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Education, and to the liberal arts degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in education and liberal arts fields. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago: Summer courses, for graduate and undergraduate students, in liberal arts, business, education, journalism, law, music, and speech. For information regarding any other school of the University, write to th e Dean of that school ���� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1963-1964</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LXIII, no. 20) for the 1963-1964 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1963-1964 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1963 April 15 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Vol. LXIII No. Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois. Second " Chicago Ill. BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS CONTENTS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN THE LAW SCHOOL Location Professional Campus Law School Buildings Classrooms Seminar Rooms Courtroom Library Studen Facilities Faculty Offices THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Classes Three Year Curriculum Faculty Methods Instruction Case Method Problem Method Seminars Practice Courses Required Courses Course Load Limited Enrollment Curriculum Supplemental Programs Rosenthal Lectures Linthicum Foundation Program Corporate Counsel Criminal Law Program Program International Legal Studies THE STUDENT BODY Legal Publications Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Honor Code Student Activities Recreation Social Activities Student Wives Student Residence Student Health Service ACADEMIC PROGRAM Admission Transfer Summer Session Pre Study Tuition Fees Expenses Scholarships Grants Financial Assistance Examinations Grades Honors Prizes Degrees GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Admission Graduate Study Degrees Tuition Fees Expenses Graduate Fellowships International Legal Studies Criminal Law Teaching Associates PLACEMENT THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX . Research . Class . Public ' . OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAM S. KERR FRANKLIN M. KREML ARTHUR T. SCHMEHLING WILLIAM C. BRADFORD Session JENS NYHOLM ALBAN WEBER FRANK S. ENDICOTT FACULTY JOHN RITCHIE JOHN EDMUND CooNs JEFFREY ANDREW FILLMAN HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST FRED EDWARD INBAU JOHN KAPLAN VANCE NATHANIEL KIRBY BRUNSON MACCHESNEY WILLIAM MONTGOMERY McGOVERN NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM WILLARD H RAM PEDRICK JAMES ANDREW RAHL HARRY BROWNE REESE WILLIAM ROBERT RoALFE VicTOR G. RosENBLUM DAvrn STURTEVANT RUDER HOWARD RAYMOND SACKS DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER KuRT SCHWERIN Librarian CLAUDE RAYMOND SowLE WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL JoN R. WALTZ JoHN C. McCoid II JEFFREY O 'CONNELL MALCOLM D. TALBOTT GLEN EARL WESTON HAROLD GWYN WREN BRAHM BAITTLE PAUL J. BOHANNAN WILLIAM WEBB BRADY ALEX ELSON GEORGE E. D ELEHANTY RAY GARRETT IRVING GOLDSTEIN ROBERT F. HANLEY LUCILLE LIEBERMAN JULIAN A. MILLER WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER HAROLD D. SHAPIRO KATHRYN D. SowLE JoHN M. TEEVAN ERNEST S. WOLF SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON TEACHING ASSOCIATES STEVEN F. FRANKINO CHARLES LINDER GEORGE F. RENWICK JAMES H. YAGLA PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK University Law R CLAUDE R. SOWLE Police Science KATHRYN D. SowLE GRESHAM M. SYKES Police Science ORDWAY HILTON MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN MICHALENE A. LASALLO ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS A. LoUISE TURTON DIANA M. DENISON MARY L DONAHUE L NDA E. OVENS JOAN E. KuMOR IRENE S. BERNSTEIN KRYSTYNA . OBUCHOWICZ DOROTHY M. VAN KIRK DOROTHY L COLLINS SUSAN W. BAKER SARAH F. HALPER SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE KURT SCHWERIN DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E. TEIGLER IRIS J. WILDMAN DOROTHY KLOFKORN IDA M. OLSON ROMAN DMYTERKO ELIAS VYTANOVYCH SELMA KRAHN ESTHER Y. QuIROL MARIA C. CHASE PAUL J. LUKASIEWICZ PHILIP T. KALAYIL JOHN W. CAMPBELL IRENE A. HoHENSEE LAW STUDY "Where ... " David Dudley Field Law School . AT NORTHWESTERN School Law . Law School . Professional ' . Early Law School . 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An Law Industrial Society Corporations Labor Relations Trade Relations . Problems . University . . Small . . FACULTY Law School . Each . Many . Their . Such . School . Several Teaching Associates School. These American British . THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION ' . No . To Northwestern Law School . First Law School . . Seminars . Instruction . School . Law School . . THE CASE METHOD . Law School . . . . Casebooks Law School . Through . Although . Under . . Northwestern . Socratic . Questions ' . . Through . Although ' . . From . With . Since . With . . THE PROBLEM METHOD Law School . Here . ' . ' . Perhaps . Perhaps . . Consultative School . Characteristically . . Discussion . . . Nor . . SEMINARS Opportunities . Here . . . Emerging . And . Experts . Often . With . Some Law School . PRACTICE COURSES One American . ' . . Law School . Prominent Legal Clinic. Northwestern . Under Clinic . Clinic . . During Moot Court. Practicing ' prevailiJ. . . . . . Most ' . To Law School . . . REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor . Law R Seminar Accounting Professional Responsibility International Law. Although . COURSE LOAD Courses opm . On . LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Technique Trial Practice . School Trial Technique Trial Practice . CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS * MR. HAVlGI IURST . Havighurst Cases Materials Law Contracts . . . CRIMINAL LAW MR. INBAU MR. SOWLE Concepts • . . Inbau Sowl Cases Comments Criminal Justice. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH MR. RoALFE TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises . . Emphasis . Lectures . Roalfe How Find Law . . PROPER TY MR. SCHUYLER MR. COONS Introduction . Historical . Fraser Cases R Property . . TORTS MR. PEDRICK ]\. . SACKS Protection . Green Malon Pedrick Rahl Cases Torts. . SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP MR. R UDER MR. SHAPIRO Consideration . Seavey R Hall Agency Partnership. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. NATHANSON \ifR. SACKS . Casebook . TRACTS II \ifR. HAVIGHURST . FUTURE INTERESTS MR. SCHUYLER Future Shelley' . Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests. MOOT COURT \/ . FILLMAN MR. WALTZ AND TEACHING ASSOCIATES . Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School . Appellate . Individual Teaching Associates. TORTS II MR. "WALTZ . Additional Green Malone Pedrick R Cases Injuries Relations. ACCOUNTING SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY Principles . Not . ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM . Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Gellhorn Byse Problems Administrative Law. CORPORA TIO NS MR. R UDER MR. FILLMAN Relations S.E.C. Baker Cary Cases Materials Corporations. CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE MR. KAPLAN Structure . . Scott Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Field Kaplan M Civil Procedure Mr. Kaplan . . DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS MR. RITCHIE MR. McGOVERN Intestate . Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trust . . SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE . COMMERCIAL LAW MR. TRUMBULL Sales . Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Farnsworth Cases Negotiable Instruments Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition. EVIDENCE MR. WESTON MR . FILLMAN . McCormick Cases Evidence Mr. Weston Mr. Fillman . FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION ]\!JR. KIRBY iV!R. '!\IREN Federal Estate Gift Taxes . . Pedrick Kirby Problems Cases Materials Federal Estate Gift Taxation . A Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Taxation . REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS MR. COONS iV!R. KAPLAN Transfer ' . Bade Cases R Property Conveyancing Dunham Modern R Estate Transactions . SEMINAR S Second . MOOT COURT II T . Messrs. Ruder Waltz . . A . Lowden Wigmore . T School Nationa Moot Court Competition . T York City. ADMIRAL TY THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. MACCHESNEY General . Jurisdiction . Morrison Stumberg Cases Materials Admiralty . DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS MR. NEKAM A . Federal Bankruptcy Act . Moore Deb ' Creditors' Rights Cases Materials. FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION MR. PEDRICK MR. KIRBY . Pedrick Kirby Problems Federal Taxation Surrey · Federal Income T Cases Materials Student Tax Service. LABOR RELATIONS MR. FILLMA N NLRB . Cox Bok Cases Labor Law . PROFESSIONAL R ESPONSIBILITY MR. T RUMB ULL Essential America . Discussions . R . R . T Ma Lawyer' Professional R . R EAL ESTATE SYNDICATION M R. K APLAN Sp . These . T R AD E R ELATI O NS M R. W ESTON Federal . Oppenheim Cases Federal Antitrust L R Supp Cases Ma Trade R . T RI AL PRACTI CE M R. HANLEY A m . T . T RI AL T ECHNIQUE M R. G OLDSTEIN Methods ' 'lati <! . . Goldstein Trial Technique Goldstein T Practice Cases. SEMINARS Advanced Commercial Law MR. TRUMBULL Advanced . Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition . Criminal Law MR. NBAU A . Development Legal MR. SCHWERIN Studies A America Continental . Selected . Estate Planning MR. KIRBY Alternative D ' Estates Trusts Corporations Future Interests Insurance R Estate T Income Estate Gift Taxa . Practical . Northwes ' . Fiduciary Administration MR. KIRBY An ' . Sa Deced ' Estates Trusts . Government Land MR. REESE Problems FHA . Pro/ MR. WESTON Group Jaw. D . Business Transaction MR. NEKAM . Mimeographed . Internationa Law \ R. JVIAcC H ESNEY An . . Pamphl . ]urisf MR. SACKS A . H & Sacks Th L Process Basic Problems Making Af plicatio Law. Law Industria Society MR. R UDER An . A . Assign . Legislation MR. TRUMBULL Primarily . . . . Exploring . TransjJortation Communications Public Uti MR. NATHANSON A . Auerbach Nathanson Federal Regulation Transportation . SECOND SEMESTER Courses . CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTER ATIO AL LAW " MR. MAcCm sNEY Legal Constitution "Act State" . FAMILY LAW * MR. NEKAM . Jacobs Goebel Cases Materials Domestic Relations . . FEDERAL JURISDICTION * MR. R EESE History Supreme Co . Hart vVechsler Th Federal Courts Federal System Th Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAX POLICY MR. KtRBY An Federal Income Taxation . A . NSURANCE LAW * MR. HAV!GHURST Formation . Goble Case. Law . . LEGAL CLINIC MR. SACK S T Legal Aid Bureau Un Ch Chi \Tes Madison Stree . Topics . Th Legal A Bureau . T . Mimeographed . A . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR. TRUMBULL . R ESTITUTION * MR. McGOVERN . Durfee D Cases R . SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE MR. lNBAU T . Scientifi . TRIAL PRACTICE MR. HANLEY . T RIAL TECHNIQUE MR. GOLDSTEI N T . SEMINARS A Litigation Study \lIR. FILLMAN A . T . Mimeographed . Ana Solution Selected L Problems MR. TEEVAN Primary Illino . Antitrust Law \lIR. W ESTO N Applica . Discussion . T Trade R . Civ£ Lib M. D So MR. ATHANSON A . ComfJarative Law MR. NEKAM An ' . Corporation Finance \tIR. R UDE R MR. GARRETT Selected . . Stress . T . .J Marsh Se Regulation Baker Cary Cases N[ Corporations. Criminal Evidence Seminar MR. !NBAU Selected . Estat Plannin M R. \ V REN . Government Contracts MR. COONS An . Consideration . Int Law MR. MACCHESNEY . Labor Law MR. ELSO N Coll . Labor R . Law Emerging Societies MR. COONS MR. BOHANNAN Exa " " . Hoebel Th Law Primitive Man . Law R INSTRUCTOR TO BE ANNOUNCED Special Editorial Board Northwest University Law R . Legal Histor ' \!JR. McGovERN Th . Problems Ta Business Incom MR. KIRBY An . . Enrollment . Stat Local Government * MR. KAPLAN Deals . U States . Materials . SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School . Lectures United States . Law School' . Through . Many Law School . Others School. . THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago . Rosenthal Lecture Series . Pre . School Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. These "Some Lessons From Our Legal History " Macmillan Company. Antonio Sanchez Bustamente University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codifica Commission China. These " Legal Systems Old New China Comparison" " Art Law Essays Juridical Literary " Commercial Press. Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris. Charles Warren " Supreme Court United States History " . These "Bankruptcy Un States History " Harvard University Press. Walton Hale H Professor Law Yale University. H T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. T " Trial Judge " Foundation Press . Lon L. Fuller Professor Law H U . These " Law Quest Itself " Foundation Press Inc. Un Nations United Nations. Adla E. Stevenson Un States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Steve R Intern Law. J N . Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University " Soviet Union Internation Law" Paul A. Freund Professor Law H University "On Understanding Supreme Court " Little Brown & Co. John P. Dawson Professor Law Un Michigan " Histor Unjust Enrichment " "Unjust Enr A Comparative Analysis " Little Brown & Co. Abraham H. Feller Gen Counsel United Nations "World L \ Community United Nations " "U N World Community " Littl Brown & Co. Charles Horsky Distri Columbia "T Lawyer Government " "Th \ \' Lawyer " Littl Brown & Co. "Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference " Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Orga " Essentials Sound Judicial System " Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New J " Nuremberg Trials " R H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court Un States. A Conference Revision Illino Criminal Code Walter V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois H W Professor L Columbi Un . Adolf A. B Jr. Professor L Columbia University " Century Capitalist R " Harco Brace. James Wi Hurst Professor L U Wisco "L Liberty Ce " "Law Co Freedom Nin Century U States " U · Press. L B . Sohn Professor Law H U Ernest A. Grnss Legal Adv Secretary Ge U Na J } . Parker Ch Judge U States Co Appeals Fo Circu . " Ind Rule Law U New .Japa Co " Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Pol Science Tokyo U "Judi E D Its Pro L " A. E . Papale Dean Sch L Loyola U New Orl "Murder Prin Pun " H L.A . H Professor Jurisp Oxford U . Leon Green Dea Law School D Professor Law U Texas "Tort Li Loss Insura T Victims " "Traffi Victims Tort Law " Northwestern U Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia " Ideologies Taxatio " R Press. R Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord [ Appeal Ordin U Kingdom "T Law Its Compass " Northwes U Press. J H Canfield H D Law School "T Nature Priva Contract " Northwes U Press. Rt. R . James A. Pike Bishop Episcopal D California " Ethic Beyo Legal Ethics T R E Vocation Lawyer " "Beyo T Law " D & Compa . Wi G. Katz Pro Law U W " R America Co ." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM T Charles Claren L Fo Professor L Law School . T . From Public . American European . Foundation . Round Table Linthicum Foundation "Is Bigness Offense Sherman Act?" Participants Edward R. J Chicago Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yal U Thomas C. McConnell L F. Tierney Chicago James A. Rahl Trade Relations. Round Table "'Feather Bedding' Symptom Disease." Principal Carroll R. Daugherty Professor Business Economics Northwestern University Paul R. Hays Judge United States Court Appeals Second Circuit Professor Law Columbia University. Participants Stanford Clinton Alex Elson Chicago W. Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor Labor Relations. Foundation Academic Conference "Individual Group Government Modern Economy " U Centennial. J Conference "Arbitration · Stab ." Forum "Countervailing Power Economy Concept Criticism." J. K Galbraith United States Ambassador India Professor Economics Harvard University. Conference "Chicago' Fight Against Slums." Co " Antitrust Laws Attorney General' Committee Report." Conference "Revised Civil Practice Illinois." Law School Conferences " St. Lawrence Seaway Law" "Chicago' Housing Code." Conference "Freedom Responsibility Industrial Community." Foundation Confere "Freedom Modern American Economy " Law School' . Arthur ] . Go Associate Justice Supreme Court Un States School. Law School' Conference "Individual Freedom Public Debate." Among Adlai E. St United States Ambassador United Nations School. Conference "Freedom Responsibility Broadcasting." Among Newton N . JVIinow Chairman Federal Communications Commission Roscoe E. Barrow Dean University Cincinnati College Law School. Conference " Illinois Professional Association Law." Among Crane C. Hauser Chief Counsel Internal Revenue Service Un States Treasu School. Confere " Un Commercial Code Illinois." Conference " Law Space Sa Comm ." CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE T Law School Corporate Counsel Institute Northwes . Institute . T Institute Law School IO . Professor David S. Ruder Director Institute. THE CRIMIN AL LAW PROGRAM Ford Foundation $ Law Schoo . Criminal Law Program Law School . . . Library . Informal . Outstanding School' . A Right Hon. Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom. Rigorous Low Review . THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation $ Law School International Legal Studies. School' . School International Business Transactions International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civi Liberties Family Law . . . THE STUDENT BODY Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class . A . Like . Law . Beyond . Law School . Northwestern Law School' . . . . His United States . . Students . . More Law School . . A Law School. Law . Law School . LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Foremost Law School' Northwestern University Law R ' . R . . !\Tork Law R . A Northwestern Law R . Publication Illinois Law R . University Chicago U Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law R . Rev . Selection Law School . Law R School Order Coif. Because Law R . Northwestern Law R . Although Law R . Th .Journal Criminal Law. Criminology Police Science. 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Graduation Fees Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doctor Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student H Fee R . First . ... . ..... .. . .... . .. .. ...... .... . ........ ........ . Second .............................................. . Summer ... .. . . ................. .. . . ... ... .... .. .. .. ..... . . . . Mimeograph Fee" First . Second . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late R Fee . . . . . . . . . C R Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Physical Examin Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate Transcript R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition . Payments . Cashier' Office Abbott H . Division Student Finance Abbott H . WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official Gen Office School Law. Students . Students . Students . Students . R . . . REBATES TO FACULTY STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate Un . • . . No . A fuU . . Application Student Finance Office Abbott H . Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall . R . STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier' Office Abbott H . Studen . There . SCHOLARSHIPS GRANTS AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE School . Through Northwestern . SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately School' . . Ordinarily . All . . Interest . Awards . Each ' Generous ' . . . These . Application Office Admissions Law School. Special Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships . An . Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law. Scholarships [ $ . . . Professor Clarion De"\ Vitt Hardy School Speech Owen L. Coon " " . . Requirements . Funds Owen L. Coon Foundation Hardy Scholarship Committee . Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A Francis S. Kosmerl . Preference Kosmerl Scholars . Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. $ Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law . Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. $ Mrs. Minnie G. Newman Jacob Newman . Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A $ Charles Weinfeld Law School . Dean School . Ware Scholarship. $ Mrs. Fannie M. Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow V\Tare Argonne Sector Battle . Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. Frederic R. De Young LL.B. LL.D. Supreme Court Illnois Herbert C. De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert V. University $ . School Law Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A Judge Julius J. Hoffman Class . Class Scholarship. From Class . Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. $ Anna Louise Raymond . Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. $ Wellington Walker Chicago . Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From $ Elmer A. Smith . Chicago Title Trust Comp. Foundation Scholarships. Since $ Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage $ . Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho $ . School Law . University Scholarships. There University . Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A Mahlon Ogden West Class School Law Dean. Class Scholarship. Class . Farm Insurance Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles California Northwestern . $ . Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From Ernest U . Schroeter Class . Thad M. Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From Thad M. Talcott Class . Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. $ Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin . Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Association. Board Governors American Bar Association Law School . Ednyfed H . Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed H. Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams . David T. Campb Fund . From David T. Campbell Class . City Products Corporation Scholarship. City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois $ Law School . John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students Wigmore Scholars John Henry · Dean Law School Treatise Evidence ' . . Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $ J Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School . LOANS Among Law School Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Fund. Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro $ Law School . Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity Endowment Fund Fraternity . .$ . EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular . ' . Although ' . . Law School J . . No . However ' . Students Dean . . A . Grades . Credit . No . A School School. A . Grades . P Pass F Failure . HONORS AND PRIZES Since Law School . Order Coif Northwestern . Order Coif School. Exemplifying Law School' . THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Northwestern Order Coif . Law Review School Order Coif. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors No University Law R . JV[ School Law. WIGMORE KEY Established .Junior Bar Association School . Selection Board Governors Junior Bar Association Editorial Board Law Review . THE LOWDE LWIGMORE PRIZES Frank . Lowden Class $ . . BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Barnet Hodes Class $ . THE HYDE PRIZE $ Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law . HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law . Under Illinois Law Future Interests Carey Schuyler . A WARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An . University . After Levy Hall . . Frequent . To Law School . CLASS OF PLAQUE To Class Law School . School Law. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AVVARD Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation Richmond Virginia Foundation $ . AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American . These . THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK AWARD A ' Law Week . INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL A\ \TARD A ' Insuran Counsel Insurance. DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law. Before . University Juris Doc LOr JD. . School Law . . Northwestern Univers School Law anoLher School. ' "' \Tith Distinction" "With Highest Distinction." Degrees Graduate Study . GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Law School . One . School . American . Inquiries Office Admissions Law School. No . ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Graduate Committee. Although English ' . Experience English English. DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. . Master Laws LL.M. . Master Laws University . Also School . During . Eae ' ' . Also Jurisprudence Comparative Law . To Graduate Committee . . ' Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. . Doctor Juridical Science S.].D. . Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. ' . . . Dean . . . Candidates . They . TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Bulletin. $ $ . Accommodations University' Chicago . Law School Fulbright . GRADUATE FELLOvVSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies. $ . Applicants Ford Fellowships. Law School . Dean Wigmore Law Library. School International Law. International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties . School Family Law International Business Transactions European Economic Organizations. James Nelson Raymond Fellowship International Legal Studies. $ . From . . General Electric Foundation $ International Law. A . FELLOWSHIPS IN CRIMINAL LAW A Law School Ford Foundation . . Two . Generally Master Laws. A . . ' . Consideration ' . Although ' . $ $ . From . . GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional Office Admissions Law School. Normally . Also . None . Students . Successful . TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Assoc School. Each . . PLACEMENT Northwestern JOms Law School . A . To Law School Placement Office . Through Placement Office . T Placement Office ' . . . Each Placement Office . Naturally Law School' . Some Chicago United States. Northwestern . American . Not . Furthering Northwestern' School Law. Dean John Ritchie . Informal . . Others . Law School United States Senators . Northwestern Law School . Northwestern . . Openings . Through Northwestern ' . Its United States Northwestern . An Law School . Law School . Attractive Law School. Alumni ' . From . Law School Placement Office . Each United States Law School . Government School . Law School Placement Office . . Working . After A . Beyond Law School Placement Office Chicago ' . THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School . Commemorating Law School' Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Many . A Moot Court . . They . Each American Bar Association . Chicago . Also Chicago . Officers Law Alumni Association OFFICERS President C. IvEs WALDO JR. First Vice President PAUL W. CUTLER Second Vice President W LLIS D. NANCE Third Vice President JOSEPH H. WRIGHT R Vice Presidents JOHN BODNER .JR. LOWELL HASTINGS HARRY R. Ho HELMER JOHNSON LAURENCE OLIPHANT PAUL ZIFFREN Secretary EDGAR VANNEMAN JR. Treasurer CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Immediate Past President STUART S. BALL BOARD OF DIRECTORS STUART S. BALL HERBERT C. BROOK P. DAWN CLARK JOHN J. CROWN BERNARD M. EPSTEIN JEROME L. ETTLESON PAUL J. FURLONG CRANE C. HAUSER BARNET HODES Julius .J. HOFFMAN GEORGE M. KEANE ESTHER . KEGAN HENRY KENOE TIMOTHY G. LOWRY WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK WILLIS D. NANCE RICHARD .J. NELSON PATRICK . O'BRIEN HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JoHN PAUL STEVENS HOWARD J. TRIENENS JOSEPH H. WRIGHT REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR FOR SCHEDULES AND HOURS DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries . SCHOOL OF LAw Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Admission Office Admissions General Administrative Assistant Dean Part Placement Secretary University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Placement Placement Secretary Scholarships Office Admissions Student Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Transcript Registrar Veterans Veterans Education Office Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois INDEX Abbott Hall Activities Student Admission Admission Graduate Study Alumni Association Application Admission Bookstore Buildings Calendar Campus Professional Case Method Classes Typical Schedule Classrooms Coif Order Coon Owen L. Library Courtroom Criminal Law Program Curriculum Degrees Degrees Graduate Study Directory Correspondence Doctor Juridical Science Examinations Facilities Student Faculty Faculty Nature Fees Fellowships Financial Arrangement Fraternities Cary Elbert H. Library Grades Graduate Study Law Health Service Honor Code Honors Prizes Hours Credit Maximum Amount Instruction Course Instruction Method Legal Studies Program Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Juris Doctor Legal Clinic Legal Publications Libraries Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Law School Master Laws Levy Hall McCormick Robert R. Hall Moot Court Northwestern University Law R Officers University Placement Practice Courses Pre Study Problem Method Rebates Faculty Staff Instructors Refunds Register Colleges Universities Required Courses Residence Student Rosenthal Lectures Schedules Hours Scholarships Grants Financial Assistance Seminar Rooms Seminars General Discussion Staff Student Activities Student Deposit Acco Student Health Service Student Wives Teaching Associates Three Year Curricu Exp Traditions Transfer Applications Trial Technique Trial Practice Limited Enrollment Tuition Tuition Graduate Study Withdrawal Refunds NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor. By . Also Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/4a304b96fcc2b3deb86568647ce814e6.pdf 64c82ce5e4b672b29533ed272c709b58 PDF Text Text �Vol. LXII March 5, 1962 No. 14 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Second-class postage paid" at Chicago, Ill . �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1962-1963 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS �CO r TENTS 7 OFF ICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF ... . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . .. .•.. 10 T II E LAW SC l·IOOL .. .. .•.. . .. . . . . . . . . . .. •. . . . . . . . . . • •• •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 19 19 L AW STUDY AT NORTH WESTE RI\: Locat ion . . . . . . ........ . . . .. . ... . . . ..... . ..... .. .............. . . . .. T h e P rofessional Campus . . ... .. ........ . ...... . .. . ... . ...... .. .. .. ......... La w School Bu il d ings . . . . .... . . . .. ... ....... ... ......... . ................... Classrooms .. . .... . ......... . ... . . . .... . ................................... Semin ar Room s ... . ...... . ... .. .. .. .. . ....... . ... . ... . .. .. .......... . ..... . Co ur t room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Libra ry .. . ... .. ... . .... . .. . ........... . ........ .. ......... . ...... . ........ Stud ent Facilities ............................... . ................ . ..... .. . . Facu lty Offi ces ..... . ........ . .... . ... . ............. . . . ........ .. ........... T H E COU RSE Of INSTR UCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .•..•••..•.. •.• ••.• Classes ........ . .... . .. . . . .. .. ........ . .. . ...... . .... . .. . .................. T h e T hree-Year Cu rriculum ............. . ....... ... ..... . ............. . ... . Faculty .. . . .. . ...... . . . .................... . ... .. . . ... ........... . ......... Meth ods o f I nstru ction ... . ... . . .. . ... . .... . . . ................ . .......... . .. T h e Case Meth od . . . ....... .......... .......... ................ T he Probl em Method ... . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . ...... . . .. . ..... ... . . . . . . . .. Semin a rs ... . .... . . ..................................... .. .. . .. . ....... . P ract ice Courses . . ........ . . . . . .... . .............. . .. . ........ . ..... . ... R equ ired Courses . . .. ....... .. ....... .. . . .................................. L imita tions of Wo rk ... . ..... . . . . .. . ............... . ...... . .............. .. Limi ted E nrollm ent .... . . ... . ...... . . .. . . . ... . ... .. . . .... .. . . .... . ....... . Curri culum ......... . ................ . .. . .......................... . .. . .... Supp lemental Progra ms ....... . ........ . ....... . ............. .. .. .... . .. ... T he Rosenthal Lectures ............... . .... . . . . . . . .. . ....... . ........... T h e Lin th icum Fo unda tion Program . . . . . ....... . ............. T h e Cr iminal Law P rogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................... T he P rogram of Intern a tional Legal Studies ... . . .. . . .. . . ..... . . . .... . . ... T H E STUDENT B o o Y . . . . . . . . . . • .•.. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. . . . . • . . . . . . . .. . . . . . • . . . . Lega l Publica tions .... . ... . ......... . ........... . ............... . ....... . .. Moot Co urt Competition ............................................... . ... Stude n t R esp onsibi lity .. . .... .. . . ....................... . .. .. . .... .. ....... T h e Jun ior Bar Associa tion . .. . . . . . .. . ....... . .. . .......................... Honor Cod e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Stu dent Activities .... . .... . .... ... ............................. . .. . .. ... R ecrea ti on and Socia l Activities . . ............. . ................. . ......... .. . . ......... . ... .. . .. .. ... . . ... . . .... . .. ... . ....... Stud ent \,V ives Stud en t R esidence . . ... . . . ... .. .. .. .. . ................ . ........ .... .. .. .... Studen t H ealth Service . . ......... ... ......... . . .. .. . . . .... . ............. .. . 20 21 22 23 24 24 26 27 27 28 29 29 29 41 41 43 45 45 48 49 50 51 51 51 51 52 53 54 57 58 Ad m ission .......... . ........ . ..... . . . .. . ... . . . ....... . .. . ..... . ...... . .. .. 58 THE ACADH II C PR OG RAM . . . . . . . . . • . . • . . . •.. . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . • . . ... .. .•..•• 2 �Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pre-legal Study . .. .. . . .. .. . ...... . . .. ... . . ... .. . . .. . . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . .. . .. .. T uition , Fees, a nd Expenses .. ... .. ..... .. ... . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . ...... . . ..... .. . Schola rships, G ran ts , a nd F in a n cia l Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Exa mina tions a nd Grades . ....... .. .... . ... . ... .... . .. . .. ... ..... . .... . .... Hon ors and P rizes ... . .. . . . . ..... .. . . ... . . . . .. . ... . . . . . ...... . ....... . ... Degrees . . . . .. . . ...... . . . . 60 GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW . . . . . . . . . . . ................ ..... ............... Admissio n to G radua te Stud y .. ... . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. . ..... . ........ . . ... . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . . . .. .. ..... Degrees T uitio n , Fees, and Expenses .. .. . . . . . . ... . . .. . . . .. . ... . . . .. .. . . ..... G1·adu ate Fellowships ... . ............ . .. . .. . . . .. . ....... .. . . ........ • ... . . . Interna tional Legal Studi es . .... . ... . .. . .......... . .... . . ....... . . . ... . .. C rimin al Law . . . . ... . . .. . . . .. . . .... . .. .. . . ...... . . . . . . . . .. .... . . Teaching Associ ates .... . ... . . . . .. . ..... . . . . .. . . .. . ... . .. . . . . . . 75 75 75 77 77 77 78 79 PLACEMENT . . . ... . 61 62 65 70 71 74 .. . . .. . .. . ... . . .. .. .. . .... .......... .. ... . .. . . . . . 79 . .. . .. . . .... .. ... ... . . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. 83 T HE LAW ALUMN I ASSOCIATION .. REG ISTER OF COLLEGES AN D UN IVERS ITI ES 84 CALENDAR, ] 962-63 86 SCHEDULES AND H OURS DIRECTORY FOR CORR ESPON DENCE INDEX . . . . . . ... . . .... .. . . . .. . .. . . .. . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . ... 86 .... . . . . . . .. ... .. . . ... ... . . . .. .... ....... . .. . . . 87 . . . ... .. . ...... •• ... . .. .. . • . .. .. . .. . ... .. . .... 88 MAP OF THE CHI CACO CAMPUS ........ .. . . .. . .................. . . .. . I nside back cover 3 �In practice courses, advanced students gain expe rience in trial procedu re. Research in the law leads the scho la r to volumes both ancient and current . �Class sess ions frequen tly stimulate info rma l d iscuss ion that ca rri es beyond t he class room. Public conferences focus on the role of law in national and wo rl d affairs and b roaden th e st ude nts' p rofession a l perspect ive . ��OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LLD., Sc.D. , President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAMS. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A. , Assistant Business Manager LYNFORD E. KAUTZ, Director of Developm ent WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D., Assistant D ean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JENS NYHOLM, M.A., University L ibrarian ALBA WEBER, LLB., University Attorney FRANKS. ENDICOTT, PH.D., Director of University Placement FACULTY AND STAFF JoH N RITCH IE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D. , D ea n and Professor of Law JoHN EDMUND CooNs, B.A., J.D., Professor o f Law JEFFREY ANDREW FILLMAN, B.A. , LLB., Ass istant Professor of Law HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD., Professor of Law ALFRED HILL, B .S., LLB., S.J.D., Professor of Law FRED EDWARD INBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law VANCE NATHANIEL KIRBY, A .B., LLB. , Professor of Law BRUNSON MACCHESNEY, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law PHILIP JOHN MURPHY, A.B. , LLB., Ass istant Professor of Law, Raymond Foundation NATHANIEL Loms NATHANSON, B.A., LLB. , S.J.D., Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LLB., J.U.D. , S.J.D., Professor of Law WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S. , J .D., Professor of Law HARRY BROWNE REESE, B .A., LLB., Professor of Law WILLIAM ROBERT RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Professor of Law and Librarian DAvrn STURTEVANT RUDER, B.A., LLB., Assis tant Professor of Law HowARD RAYMOND SACKS, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law " DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law KuRT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Associate Professor of L aw and Assistant Librarian • On leave of absence, 1962-63. 7 �CLAUDE RAYMOND SowLE, B.S., JD., Ass ista nt Dean and Associa te Professor o f Law WtLLIAM MAYOR TR UMBULL, A.B. , M.A., JD. , Professor of Law PAUL D. CARRINGTON, B.A., LLB., U ni vers ity of Indiana, Visiting Ass istant Professor of Law, Summer Session , 1962 MICHAEL H. CARDOZO, A.B., LLB., Cornell Un iversity, Visi ting Professor of L aw, Summer Session , 1962 HENRY H. FosTER, JR., A.B., LLB., LLM., Un iversity of Pittsburgh, V isitin g Professor of Law, Summer Session , 1962 VrcTOR G . ROSENBLUM , PH.D ., V isit ing Assoc iate Professor of Law, 1962-63 BRAHM BArITLE, B.Sc., M .D., L ect urer on Lawyer-Cli e nt Relationships WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., JD., Lecturer on Legal Accounting ALEX ELSON, PH.B., JD., Lecturer on Labor Law JAY A. ERENS, B.A., LL.B., Lecturer on Restitution KARL DE SCHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Corporate Industry WALTER T. FISHER, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on State and Local Government RAY GARRETT, JR., B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Corporate Finance IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on Trial Technique ROBERT F. HANLEY, B .S., JD., Lecturer on Trial Practice ALBERT KEGAN, B.A., M .S., JD. , Professorial Lecturer on Patents, Copyrights, and Consumer Protective Legislation L UCILLE L1EBERMAN, B.A., Lecturer o n Lawyer-Client Relationships WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, A.B. , JD., Lecturer on Labor Law JuLIAN A. MILLER, S.B., M.D ., Lecturer on Lawyer-Cli ent Rel a tionships WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER, PH.B., JD., LLD., Lecturer on Judicial Process HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., JD., L ecturer on Contracts KATHRYN D. SowLE, B.A., JD. , Research Assoc iate ERNEST S. WOLF, M .D., Lecturer on Lawyer-C li ent R elationships SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON, A.B., JD., LLD. OWEN RALL, A.B., JD. TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1961-62 HARVEY M. ADELSTEI N, A.B., LLB. STEPH EN C . DESCH, B.A. (Oxon ), B.C.L EDWI N H. GREENEllA UM, A.B. , LLB . JAMES s. IRWI N, A.B., LLB. PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H . PEDRICK, B.A., JD., Chairman , Board of M a n agers, Northwestern University Law R eview CLAUDE R . SowLE, B .S., JD ., Ed itor-in-Chief, journal of Crim inal Law, Crimi- nology and Police Scien ce KATHRY N D . SOWLE, B.A., JD., Ass ista nt to Editor-in -Chief, j ourna l of Criminal Law, Criminolgy an d Police Scien ce 8 �GRESHAM M. SYKES, P1-1.D., Crim ino logy Ed itor, Journal of Criminal Law, Crim- inolOg')' and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S. , M.A. , Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science FREDE. INBAU, B.S., LLB., LLM., Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publica tions JOANNE KAVOLIS, Secretary of Legal Publications GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Administrative Assistant to the Dean MAR ION MuRNER, A.B. , Secretary of Admission s DOROTHY T. WHALLEY, B.A., Secretary to the Dean CYNTHIA PETERSON, Registrar JoAN E. KUMOR, Placement Secretary IRENE S. BERNSTEIN, International Legal Studies Secretary SARAH F. HALPER, Receptionist, General Office KATHRYN G. HARDY, Head Faculty Secretary GRACE T. MURAMOTO, Faculty Secretary DOROTHY L COLLINS, Faculty Typist M1CHALENE A. LASALLO, Criminal Law Studies Typist SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LLB., LLD., Librarian KuRT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. IN LS., PH.D., Assistant Librarian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., Head, Book Selection ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A., Head, Readers' Services Department and Reference Librarian IRIS J. WILDMAN, B.S., M.S.LS., Head, Classification and Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian IDA M . OLSON, Secretary ROMAN SAJEWICH, MGR. JURIS, Senior Cataloguer ROMAN DMYTERKO, MGR. JUR IS, Catalogu er JoHN L IGLAR, Cataloguing Ass istant KARIN A. ZIEGENHAGEN, Cataloguing Assista nt SELMA KRAHN, Cataloguing Ass istant MARY ANN HARRISON, Reference Assistant PAUL J. LUKASIEWICZ, Refere nce Assistant JosEPH E. ULLRICH, Library Assistant PHILIP T . KALAYIL, Library Ass istant 9 �"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no occasion to study the law; when the law begins to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth ..." -David Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law School, September 21, 1859. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN For more than a century the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the Law School today. Professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities are fostered by a close working relationship between student a nd teacher. Early in its history, the Law School adopted a policy of limited enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national standing. The result is that each student is the beneficiary of a significant sh are of the resources of the School. In furtherance of its objectives of excellence, the Law School maill1tains a policy of selective admission to assure that each student is capable, first, of benefiting from challenging instruction a nd, second, of pursuing intellectual goals with self-discipline and initiative. Those chosen are students of independent and seeking mind, who need not be led but who, on the contrary, can contribute to the education of their fellows in cooperative endeavor. For effective teaching of students of the highest calibre, instruction is condu cted in small groups by a faculty who devote their full energies to legal education. The faci lities of t he School have been designed in the belief tha t balanced preparation for the profession cannot be confined to the classroom. The Law School, with its comprehensive library arranged for effective scholarsh ip and its ample provision for informal conference JO �and discussion, constitutes a self-sufficient center for legal learning. The continuous exchange of thought and opinion in a cohesive student body of outstanding men and women in close contact with a distinguished faculty recalls the classic concept of a university as an independent community of scholars. The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. The spirit of the profession is respected and preserved in the architecture and atmosphere of its buildings and in the traditions of student life. At the same time, the School's program of instruction is designed to prepare students for the broad challenge of the future. Long identi>fied with forward-looking movements in legal education, the Law School today offers a curriculum arranged to foster an understanding of the formative principles that guide growth and change in the law, to educate lawyers not for the demands of the practice of the past or even of the present, but for the years ahead in which today's students will live out their professional lives. In this century the Jaw has emerged as a profession vitally integrated with every phase of the nation's economic, social, and political development. With advanced teaching materials and techniques, a deep tradition of scholarship, the broad educational resources of a great University, and the professional and cultural enrichment of a metropolitan center, the Law School continues to educate its students for the broad responsibilities and demands of the legal profession and the service of its ideals. II �". . . these noble buildings, designed for one of the noblest uses to which any building can be put-the teaching of law." -Sir William Searle Holdsworth, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, Jun e 16, 1927. THE LAW SCHOOL Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. The study of law is the study of ideas, and history teaches that ideas may be born in the most adverse material circumstances. More important than stone and mortar are the traditions and the spirit whi~h give life to the school and inspire its students and teachers. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment makes a unique contribution to the educational process. Professional training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between student and student, and between student and teacher. The atmosphere should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share. LOCATION The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the noted Gold Coast, an area of fashionable residential apartments separated from the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf 12 �courses, and boating facilities. Near by, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Chicago Loop, the central business and shopping area, and the legal and financial center of the region. Here are located the buildings housing the offices of federal, state, and municipal government. In close proximity to the Law School, convenient for student visits and observation, are trial and appellate courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals. Situated in the stimulating intellectual climate of the metropolitan center, the Law School enjoys unexcelled opportunities for laboratory study of the law in action and benefits in addition from the ready availability of outstanding specialists in every branch of the law. Frequent lectures, specialized courses, and supplementary class participation by leading jurists, practitioners, and public officials enrich the basic instruction. PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional campus of orthwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Business Administration and the Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an auditorium available for m ajor convocations a nd ceremonies, and Abbott Hall, the 18-floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, with dining rooms, cafeteria, fountain, lounges, bowling alleys and other athletic facili ties, and accessory shops and services. Living and studying in a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law student broadens his perspective through contact with professional students in other disciplines but remains free from the distractions of undergradua te life. Twelve miles north, on the original campus of the University in suburban Evanston, the main body of undergraduate students and about 1,500 graduate students are enrolled. This wooded, la keside campus is read ily accessible to Law School students for cultural events and intercollegiate athletics. Physically autonomous, the Law School resembles a small college, with the benefits of a cohesive academic community. As part of a great University, it enjoys as well the resources and vitality of a broad range of learning. Outstanding professors from other schools and departments participate in Law School instruction, to make available the contributions of economics, psychiatry, sociology, political scie nce, and a variety of other disciplines in the understanding and solution of the problems of human behavior which are the province of law. 13 �Bounded by the waters of L ake Michigan immediately to the east and by the surrounding campus, the Law School stands as an academic preserve in the heart of a metropolis, enjoying the benefits of a ce ntral site with few of its disadvantages . LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings, functionally integrated and arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street. The original buildings, Levy Mayer H all a nd the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, also named for alumni of the School, were completed in 1960. The fou r buildings present a h armonious exterior, all constructed of limestone in a modified Gothic design reminiscent of the historic structures of English law. The quadrangle completely encloses the Law School garden. Bordered by cloistered arcades, the garden, with its hedge-lined walks, shaded corners, and sto ne benches, is a favored retreat for students and faculty in spring and a utumn months. In interior design and ornament, the older buildings of the Law School are rich in the lore of the law. Medallions, seals, a nd shields in legal motifs decorate the oak-paHeled walls and corridors, and stainedglass designs accen t the windows, linking the student with the past of the profession. Some 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the U nited States, England, and the Continent, are hung about the School to illustrate the m en and events of the law, throughout history and throughout the world. T he atmosph ere is blended in the newer buildings with the clean lines of modern functionalism. Both libraries and Robert R . McCormick Hall are completely air-conditioned . CLASSROOMS The Law School contains seven major classrooms. These generous facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same time, reducing the number of studen ts in each class meeting. The classes are divided into sections for all work of the first year and for most courses during the second year. As a consequen ce, the number of students atte ndin g a class seldom exceeds 75 a nd is often much smaller. Such classes, small by general law sch ool stand ards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing, a nalytical discussion that is th e mark of legal education at Northwestern. In each classroom the student is provided with a continuou s tabledesk or with a free-standing oak desk for his course m a terials a nd notebooks. In most of the rooms the stude nt desks are elevated in tiers a nd 14 �surround the instructor's desk in amp hitheatre style, facilitating communications, in both directions, betwee n student a nd teach er. The three newer classrooms are equ ipped for the use 0£ audio-visu al aids. Lincoln Hall, the largest classroom, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions and seating a rrangem ent. It is used principall y for major extra curricul ar lectures, public conferences, and student assemblies . SEMINAR ROOMS For in struction a t a more advanced and individualized leve l, the Law School buildings provide six seminar rooms. Here sma ll groups of students, typically from eight to 20, are seated a t a single large table with a facu lty member for a n informal a nd detailed a nalysis of problem areas lyi ng at the frontiers of legal development. In such stud y, the student n ecessarily bears a large m easure of responsibility for g iving direction and substan ce to the discussio n. Notable amoflg the seminar rooms 0£ the School is the Wigmore Room, named for the former dean and furnished with memorab ili a of his distinguish ed career. Installed in a concealed portion of the room are the Wigmore chimes, a uniqu e mus ical machine th a t plays "The Counsellor's Chorus," the Law Schoo l song composed b y Dea n Wigmore himself. MacChesney Hall, in the n ewer building, is h a ndsome ly fur- �nished with a table 35 feet in length and richly upholstered chairs. The Williams Room, renovated and refurnished in 1961, is similiarly appointed. Two other seminar rooms are situated above the library overlooking the lake, and are adjoined by roof balconies offering a welcome respite on pleasant days. COURTROOM For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has a fully equipped modern courtroom, complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators. Of striking modern design, the Getz Courtroom is used both for practice trials and for the argument of mock appeals. LIBRARY The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and a comprehensive and well-arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library, with its associated research facilities, is the heart of the Law School. The Northwestern Law School library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street, and includes four floors of working area. The constantly growing collection contains some 200,000 volumes, is among the six largest law school libraries in the western world, and constitutes the largest legal collection in the Chicago area. More important than sheer size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of the library occupies the highest floor of the building, and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of secl1,1ded but well-lighted alcoves fitted with large working tables and chairs, to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrells for sustained and concentrated research. The working spaces have a seating capacity nearly equal to the total enrollment of of the School. Included on a lower level are glass-walled typing areas, with individual sound-proof carrells open to any student who may wish to type a research paper or to re-organize his course notes. The library is operated under an open-stack policy, to bring readers and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free to browse and to search at will through the collection, and may call upon either the expert full-time staff of 16 or the I 8 assistants if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. 16 �To free the general collection from the heavy demands of faculty scholarship, a separate working collection is maintained for faculty use. The course of instruction has been designed to encourage the use of these library resources, and to assure that each student will be capable of independent and scholarly legal research. In a required course in the first term of his legal education, the student receives individual instruction in the techniques of assembling and using the varied materials of research in the law, from the most ancient reports to the latest modern developments. During the remainder of his studies, he accumulates experience and develops his powers of perceptive, resourceful research through work in moot court, supplementary course studies, research in advanced seminars, and the preparation of articles and papers for the School's legal publications. The library's collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws, and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the English Ian- Student lounges are useful for light reading and casual talk between classes. Study alcoves in the library reading room encourage concentration . 17 �guage. This Anglo-American collection is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. Furthering its forward-looking policies, the library began at an early date to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their relations with each other. The large collection of treatises and periodicals in international law is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, and comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. The Law School library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive sources are supplemented in specialized areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements with the general University library, departmental libraries, and the major public, educational, and legal collections in the region. A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500, h ave been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields. Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of manuscripts and incunabula, that is, books printed before 1500. A number are unique, or the only copies in the western hemisphere. The value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully fitted with the basic equipment for the use of micro-film and micro-cards, 18 �designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk and deterioration. As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the browsing area offers current periodicals as well as a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works. STUDENT FACILITIES In informal give-and-take discussion with his fellows, the student lawyer develops his powers of analysis and expression. To foster these close student relationships that have marked the best in legal education since the profession's beginnings, the Law School has set aside a substantial share of its facilities for student use. Lounges are provided on each of the four floors of Levy Mayer Hall for short periods of study or relaxation before class. Lowden Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of Illinois, is the principal student lounge and is rich with reminders of the history of law and the Law School. Its equipment and comfortable furnishings include a fireplace and, for lighter moments, a piano. On the lower level, adjacent to the locker area, are dispensers of coffee, milk, soft drinks, and snacks, and a room equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon. A unique feature of the Law School is the fourth-floor study area. Here some eight rooms are devoted exclusively to student use for informal review sessions or individual study. Each room is supplied with reading tables or desks, chairs, and high-backed benches to accommodate from four to ten students. These rooms are open and available to all students while the School is in session. Separate offices are furnished for the various co-curricular activities conducted under student auspices and control. The officers of the Junior Bar Association and the staff of the Law Review, the R eporter, the Student Book Exchange, and candidates for the S.J.D. degree enjoy the benefit of private offices. FACULTY OFFICES In keeping with long-standing tradition at the Law School, faculty members are readily available to individual students for questions and conferences. The tradition is physically embodied in the Law School buildings, where each faculty office opens directly onto the main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries. The arrangment leads to frequent and fruitful contact between student and teacher. 19 �"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men what they want to know when they go out to fight, but . .. it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes 'in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." THE COURSE - Justi ce Oliver W endell Holmes, at the dedication of the Law School buildings, October 20, 1902. OF INSTRUCTION The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law. The course of instruction has been organized, through experience, experiment, and analysis, to offer legal education of the highest order, to qualify men and women not only for the private practice of the profession but for careers in government service, in the fields of commerce and finance, and in legal education as well. The program is designed to provide a broad training in the techniques of the law and an understanding of its institutions, to the end that the graduate will be equipped for practice in any legal system based upon the foundations of Anglo-American law. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting a knowledge of the legal rules applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the lawyer. Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must therefore prepare the student to deal with situations never before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the cases of the future. 20 �Reflening this objective, the program of instruction in the Law School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation, the instruction demands thought and initiative of the individual student, to extend his learning beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student is spurred to go as far as his mind and industry will carry him. CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours during the course of the Law School's five-day week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and afternoon to break the pace and to permit the student to review his preparation during open hours before class. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual study as are spent in class. Time spent in valuable activities and independent research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation. In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance will be distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom, and upon the legal problem each presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with ancient learning but as well with such topics as urban renewal and air r ights . Criminal Law more and more is concerned with psychiatry, the causes of crime, and modern correctional theories. The law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with rocket construction. �The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected too in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. So it is that Labor Relations, Taxation, Administrative Law, Civil Rights, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law, and International Business Transactions illustrate the fashion in which a dynamic law school today shapes its instructional program to meet the needs of the profession for the years to come. THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM In the last century, Northwestern was among the first of the nation's law schools to re~uire three years of study for a degree in law, setting the norm in legal education. Beginning students enter the Law School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years. By attending optional summer sessions, however, students m ay earn their degrees in 28 months. During his first year of law study, the student follows a prescribed course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts, and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand divisions of private law- Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. In the first term, the members of the first-year class are taught the use of legal research materials and throughout the year are given individual instruction in legal writing. A senior faculty member is designated as advisor for each entering student to aid in the adjustment to legal education and to assist in pa rticular problems or difficulties. Some opportunity for elective courses and seminars appears in the second-year curriculum, and the widest choice is afforded in the third year. The student, however, does not normally "specialize" in the course of the law school career. The student who hopes to become a corporation lawyer, or a criminal lawyer, or a tax lawyer will, for the most part, follow the same basic course of study others are pursuing. The aspiring tax lawyer's program will only be a course or two heavier in the tax field than that of his com22 �panion who expects to go into corporate practice with a large city firm or another who plans to return to a small town for general practice. A broad base in fundamentals is necessary in every field, and intelligent choice can be made only from a general familiarity with the available fields. Lawyers quite regularly turn up in posts of responsibility neither they nor their law school faculties envisioned. The wide range of electives offered by the Law School permits a modest degree of specialization but, more significantly, allows the student to follow the bent of his personal interests and to sample a variety of problems in the law. In the second and third years, courses are frequently arranged so that the student will examine related fields of law at the same time and be made aware of their interrelations. An example of this functional integration of related courses is afforded by the seminar in Law and the Industrial Society, in which the economic, political, and legal problems of policy common to the fields of Corporations, Labor Relations, and Trade Relations are studied and discussed in group meetings. Problems of law, especially those dealt with in advanced courses, are often involved with problems of business and government. In recognition of these ties, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies, and special lecturers are drawn not only from among the specialists in the profession and the faculties of their departments of the University, but from the business community and government as well. It is in the advanced courses principally that the student is offered the opportunity to explore the frontiers of the law and to work in close cooperation with the members of the faculty. Small classes and frequent individual conferences on research papers bring student and teacher into rewarding personal relationships. In addition, a number of upperclassmen are chosen annually to serve as research assistants to the faculty, each assigned personally to a professor to aid in scholarly activities. FACULTY The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the full-time resident faculty, who take teaching as their first responsibility. Each member is experienced in private practice and a number have served in responsible government posts as well. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies and private groups, and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and public bodies as well as the preparation of learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction . The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the courses offered in the School were prepared by the teachers 23 �who conduct the classes, and many are widely used, standard works in their respective fields. Four Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. These faculty members, chosen from the outstanding recent graduates of American and British law schools, instruct the first-year students on a tutorial and individual basis in the techniques of legal writing, research, and oral argument; they work closely with the entering students in smaller groups. THE METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the educational benefits of active participation, Northwestern Law School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 150 students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of less than half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment, and commonly range in size from six or eight to 15 or 20 students. Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is most effective in developing the skills that distinguish the legal profession. The methods of instruction in the Law School vary from course to course, in response to the nature of the subject matter, the role assigned to the course in the total training of the lawyer, and the teaching philosophy of the instructor. For descriptive purposes, instructional methods may be grouped in four general categories. THE CASE METHOD The case method of teaching, employed principally in the first two years of study, is founded upon the premise that the first objective of law training is to develop an understanding on the part of the student of how and why the courts decide cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the earliest years of its evolution. The materials of study are the actual decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each step in the process of decision . 24 �Casebooks and treatises by members of the Law School faculty constitute basic materials of instruction . Through painstaking scrutiny of a large number of cases, the student shares, vicariously, the experience of the lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action at first hand. Although the case method varies, in its use, with the approach of the professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain characteristic elements in common. Under the case system, it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically will not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case, to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions. The discussion is conducted in an atmosphere of unrelenting questioning of each idea presented, by both fellow students and instructor. Through the guidance of provocative questions, the students develop a healthy skepticism, a capacity for independent critical judgment, and a tough-minded approach to legal materials. Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give 25 �direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the collective probing and searching, the crucible of give and take in which the student's own powers of reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact designed to cast back to the student, with the benefit of group discussion, the task of developing for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative agencies do and why they do it, and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career, the student is thus led to do what he will do throughout his professional life-to think, to analyze, and to decide on his own initiative. With their interplay of ideas and clash of opinion, class sessions are seldom dull. Since the significant formulation in the progress of the discussion may well come from a fellow student, and since any student may be drawn into the discussion at any time, alertness and concentrated attention is required of all. With collective thought focused on the problem provided or suggested by the case, there are times when minds stretch and their reach even may be extended. The mainstay of the firstyear curriculum, the case method of teaching is withal a singularly exciting and stimulating intellectual experience for the beginning law student. THE PROBLEM METHOD The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the L aw School and increasingly employed throughout legal education, is used in many second- and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's work and of the class session is rather a set of facts raising legal problems for which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and t0 construct or create his own solution to the problem. Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks for advice on a proposed transaction . Perhaps the transaction has already taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law. Characteristically, in a course taught by this method, the student submits, before the class session, a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class ses26 �sion he, or one of his fellow students, will be invited to explain the legal issues presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows. Sometimes a particular decision or statute may relate directly to the problem, and at times the class session may be devoted to the examination of a leading case and its relevance to the problem assigned. At other times the problem may fall in an area where the legal landmarks are few, and the imaginative use of statutory materials and administrative regulations is required. Nor are the problem sessions merely exercises in developing the technical skills of the lawyer in marshalling and utilizing available legal materials in the solution of particular problems. Often the specific, concrete problem supplies the perspective in which basic questions of social policy, of the why and how of the development of the law, can be considered in meaningful context. SEMINARS Opportunities are offered in the second a nd third years for seminar work in a variety of fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to him, and to explore new areas of the law. In a group numbering from eight to 20, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student will engage in intensive individual work on some aspect of the general subject embraced by the seminar. It is in the seminars that research on the frontiers of the law is most commonly undertaken. Emerging areas of policy where the resources of the law may contribute include, for example, the control of atomic energy, urban renewal, extending equal protection of the laws into various aspects of national life, and the peaceful settlement of international disputes. And it is in seminar work that the law student will be expected to cut across the o.isciplines and to bring to the law additional material from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science. Experts in such disciplines frequently participate in seminar meetings. Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product of his own research for the critical consideration of the seminar group. With the stimulus of special interest in the subject matter and the spur of friendly criticism from interested fellow students in prospect, significant legal research is done in the seminars. Some of the papers are printed in the professional journals published by the Law School, and research done in the seminar program has on occasion been favorably noticed in the opinions of some of the highest courts. PRACTICE COURSES One hundred and fifty years ago there were no American law schools and the aspiring attorney prepared himself by working in the office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profes27 �sion. The advantages of such trammg are preserved today, within a systematic curriculum for post-graduate study, in the practice courses offered throughout the three years of the student's formal legal education. In these courses, the student actually practices in skills that the practicing attorney is called upon to employ, and he learns, through experience and through exercising his own powers, the job of the lawyer. In addition to the elements of actual practice presented in every course offered by the Law School, instruction through practice is the specific object of a number of courses. Prominent among these is the course known as Legal Clinic. In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of giving law students actual experience in practice by providing legal services for the poor. Under this program, law students, during the last h alf of their training, serve in the Clinic under the supervision of a faculty member appointed for the purpose. The Clinic handles all kinds of civil cases, and the student may consult with clients, interview witnesses, prepare p leadings and other instruments, appear in court, and assist in the conduct of trials. The training fi lls a function similar in many respects to that of the internship in medical education. During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of oral and written argument in the course in foot Court. Practicing the lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards, and to argue his case, opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions before a court composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year. In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to encl. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be ab le to do. Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the courtroom . To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of practice courses in which the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare. In the first year, the student is assigned office memoranda on legal problems, under individual supervision. As an upperclassman , he may select practice courses in such fields as the drafting of wills and the planning of personal estates, or the drafting of laws and legislative documents. REQUIRED COURSES For a student to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor or Bachelor of Laws, successful completion of the courses prescribed for the 28 �first and second years is normally required. In addition , he must satisfy the following requirements: a minimum of two hours of seminar work (involving substantial individual research and writing) exclusive of participation in the Law R eview Seminar; one hour of Legal Clinic (except for members of the Law R eview Board); one hour of Accounting (except for students with at least three semester-hours of college credit in that subject); the course in Professional Responsibility; and at least one course or seminar in International Law. Although the faculty may change the requirements for gradu a tion a t an y time, this responsibility will not be exercised so as to place an undue burden upon any enrolled student who has planned hi s program on the b asis of prev iously announced requirements. LIMITATIONS OF WORK Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in a ny term, in the opinion of the faculty, represent the m aximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. A student who is under a ny serious handicap, su ch as a physical disability, the n ecessity of earning part of his expenses, or commuting for long distances, should reduce his program. A student m ay be limited in his registration if, in the opinion of the Dean, he cannot undertake a full schedule with a prospect of su ccess. LIMITED ENROLLMENT The seminars and the courses in Trial Technique a nd Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a p art icular seminar, Trial Technique, or Trial Prac ti ce can be accommodated. CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR CONTR ACTS I (3) * FIRST SEMESTER M R. HAVIGHURST, ]\/fa . SHAPIRO The study of con tract doctrines a nd their use in the judi cial process; co n-· tracts coverin g employment, personal a nd fami ly arra ngements, building and co nstru ction, the sale of goods, and loans ; ass ignment of wages a nd acco unts receivable; th e statute of limitations; p ayment a nd settlement ; r emedies and measures of da mages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on th e Law of Con tracts (2d ed. ). T he course is continued in the second semes ter a nd carri es six h ours of credit for th e year. C RIMI NA L LAW (3) l\lIR. l N BA U, MR. SOWLE Concepts, sources, cl ass ifications, a nd limita tions of the crimin al law; specific crimes, including murder, ma nslaughter, rape, sex ual assa ult, larceny, embezzle- ~ h c fi gu re in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit•hours. 29 �ment, fals e pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility, including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal combinations; problems in criminal law administration, including legal controls over police investigative procedures and fair trail rights of the accused and the state. Inba u a nd Sowle, Cases and Comments on Criminal just ice. JVIR. RoALFE and TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises in writing and in use of the library. The student is required to prepare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed upon d eveloping the power of written expression and facility in legal research. Lectures and individual confere nces. Roalfe, How to Find th e Law (5th ed. ). LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH (2) PROPERTY (4) MR. SCHUYLER, MR. COONS Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical ba.:kground and basic property concepts; personal property including bailments ; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and R ea ding.son Propert y (3d ed.). TORTS I (3) MR. PEDRICK Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, ap propriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of tres pass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, d eceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair compeuuon ; lia bility of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of th e judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green , Malone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Torts. The co urse is continued in th e second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. SECOND SEMESTER JVIR. HILL, JVIR. RUDER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP (3) Consideration of individual, partnership, and other non-corporate forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through r epresentatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification ; fidu ciary duties of agents and partners; partnership property and partnership dissolution . Seavey, R euschlein and Hill, Agency and Partn ership. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON, JVIR. ROSENBLUM The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation ; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. Casebook to be anno un ced. CONTRACTS II (3) MR. HAVIGHURST, MR. COONS The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 30 �MR. SCHUYLER FUTURE INTERESTS (2) Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetu ities, its development and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Int erests. MOOT COURT I (1) MR. RUDER, MR. FILLMAN, AND TEACHING ASSOCIATES The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest are briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the faculty on the bench. Appellate procedure, brief writing, and oral argument are emphasized. Individual instruction for each phase of the program is provided by the Teaching Associates. MR. RAHL TORTS II (3) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. Additional book: Green , Malone, Pedrick, and R ah l, Cases on Injuries to Relations. SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY ACCOUNTING (1) Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who have rece ived college credit for three semester-hours of accounting. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (3) MR. NATHANSON, NIR. ROSENBLUM The distribution of governmental functions ; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of admin istrative determinations. Jaffe and Nathanson, Administrative Law : Cases and Niaterials; Gellhorn and Byse, Problems in Administrative Law. MR. H ILL, MR. RUDER CORPORATIONS (4) Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Baker and Cary, Cases and J\tfaterials on Corporations. MR. REESE CIVIL PROCEDURE (4) Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; jo.inder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of funcl �tion betwee n judge a nd jury; summary judgment; judgments a nd their enforcement; res judicata and colla teral estoppel ; appellate review. Scott and R eese, Cases on Civil Procedure (temporary edition) ; Federal Rules of Civil Procedu re for th e United Stal es District Courts. The course is co ntinued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. DECEDENTS' ESTATES AN D TRUSTS (4) MR. RITCHI E Intes ta te success ion; substitutes for wills; substantive as pects of wills a nd trusts; introduction to fiduciary administration. Ritchie, Alford a nd Effland, Cases and Materials on D ecedents' Estates and T rusts (2d ed.). SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) The rnurse is described in the list of courses for the first semester. MR. R EESE COMMERCIAL L AW I (4) MR. T RU MBULL Sales a nd credit tra nsactions: tb e title concept, allocat ion of risk, remedies of buyers a nd sellers of cha ttels, the uses of documents of title a nd the var io us types of security interes ts in personal property; commercial paper: the co ncept of negotia bility and the us es a nd effects of notes, bills of exchange a nd checks; sureties generally and as parties to n ego tiable instrume nts. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Farnsworth, Cases on Negotia ble I nstrum ents; Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Commen t Edition (1958). MR. FILLMA N EVIDENCE (3) T h e tes ts and concepts of relevancy; the hearsay ru le and its exceptions; the law of privilege; competency and examin a tion of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence; writings. Morgan, Magu ire and 1,Ve in stein, Cases and M.aterials on Evidence (4th eel.). FEDERAL ESTATE AN D GIFT TAXATION (2) MR. KIRBY, MR. PEDRICK The impact of th e Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property durin g life a nd at death; the functions of the administrative a nd judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Pedrick and Kirby, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). A third-year course may be su bstitut ed for this course, subject to the requirement that either Federal Estate and Gift Taxation or Federal In come Taxation must be taken before gradua tion. LEGAL CLINIC (1) (Optional) MR. MURPHY Second-year students may begin to satisfy their Legal Clinic requirement with the permission of the instructor. The course is described in the list of co urses for the third year. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (4) MR. CooNs Transfer of interests in land by deed ; the escrow arrangement; r ecording a nd registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insura nce; rights in the land 32 �of another ; control of land use through pr iva te agreement and pu blic san ctions; pro blems of landlord and tenant; ri ghts and r emedies of p ar ties to the r eal estate contract and th e r eal esta te mortgage; brokers' commissions; readings in rela ted pro bl ems of real esta te fin an ce. Casebook to be ann oun ced. SEMI NAR S (2, unless otherwise indicated) Second-year students may take an y one of th e semin ars listed in th e curr iculum for th e third year fo r wh ich they h ave the n ecessary prerequisites. M OOT CO U R T II T he program, sup erv ised by Mr. Ruder, is d esign ed to aid second-year stude nts in im prov ing their skills in br ief writing and or al argum ent. I t is cond ucted o n a voluntary bas is a nd does no t carry course cr edit. A com petition is held in whi ch student teams prep are briefs and p arti cipa te in oral arguments before pan els composed of judges, prac ti cing attorneys, faculty m embers, and others. T h e Lowden-"\1\Tigmore fund provides p ri zes for those excelling in this program. T h e competition is also used in selectin g a tea m to r epresent the School in th e regional rounds of th e Na tion al Moot Court Competit ion , which is h eld in the fa ll of the fo llowing school year, when the m embers o f th e winning tea m are third-year students. T h e winn ers of the regional rounds compete in th e fin al rounds of competitio n in New York City. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. MACCHESNEY ADMIRAL TY (3) Gen eral p rin cip les of admiralty. Jurisdi ction, the m ariti me li en , carriage of goods, ge neral average, marin e insuran ce, collision , claims of mari time workers, and the limitation of liability. Morrison and Stumberg, Cases and Materia ls on Admiralty; supplementary cases (mimeographed). MR. TRU MBULL CO MMER CIAL LAW II (2) Advanced work in problem ar eas of security inter ests in p ersonal prop erty: finan cing of inventory, acco u n ts receiva ble, after-acquired p rop erty clauses, and th e relative p riority of security inter ests; investmen t secu ri ti es: n egotiability, registra tion and transfer. Uniform Commercial Code-Text and Comment Edition (1958) and mimeograp hed materi als. DEBT OR-CR EDIT OR R ELATIONS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey of th e rights and duties of debtors and non-secured credi tors in such common law an d statutor y proceedings as attachmen t, garn ishme nt, sup plementar y proceedings, executions against p ersons and property, gen eral assignments, compositions, proceedin gs to set as ide fraudulen t con veyan ces, etc. ; an ou tline of the Federal Bankrup tcy Act with p articular a ttention to th e p rovisions covering liquidation ; a comp arison of the relative ava ilability and u tility of alternative procedures, judged from the standpoint of d ebtors, cr editors, and the ge neral p ubli c. Moore, D ebt ors' and Credi tors' R ights: Cases and Ma terials. 33 �FEDERAL INCOME T AXATJON (3) MR. K IRBY T he fed eral in come tax asp ects of var io us p hases of business act ivity; the impact of fed era l incom e taxation on fami ly property arrangements; the role of adm inis tra tive and j ud icial processes in r esolving in come tax co ntroversies; intens ive stud y of curren t problems of importance in th e fie ld of income taxa tion. Pedr ick a nd Kirb y, Problems in Federal In come Taxation (mimeogra phed) ; Surrey and 11\/are n, Federal I ncom e T ax ation: Cases and JVI.aterials; Student Ta x Service. LABOR RELATIO NS (3) MR. McKnTRICK Organ ization and representation of em ployees; laws applicable to strikes, picketing, boyco tts, etc. ; inter-union and intra-un ion r ela tions; coll ectiv e bargai ning co ntracts; se ttl ement of wage d isputes, including general problems of media tio n a nd arbitra tion. Mathews a nd oth ers, Labor R elations Cases and Materials. MR. RAHL TRADE RELATIONS ('!) Federal and state law and pol icy r ela tin g to competition a nd mon opoly; problems arising under the a ntitrust laws; restraint of trade, mergers, mono poly, unfair competition , boycotts, exclusive dealing, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, mislead ing advertising, etc. Oppenh eim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl, SupjJlementary Cases and Nlat erials on Trade R elations (mimeograph ed ). SEMINARS (2, unless ot herwise indicated) MR . Criminal Law A co nsidera tion of current probl ems in criminal law administration. l NBA U MR. KIRBY, MR. PEDRICK Estate Planning Alternative pro perty arran geme nt for family security and other purposes are co nsidered in the ligh t of the pri nci pi es from the fields of D eced ents' Es tates a nd Trusts, Corporations, Future Interes ts, Insuran ce, R eal Estate Transactions, and Income, Estate and Gift Taxation. Practi cal problems in es ta te plannin g provide exercises in drafting a nd th e basic ma ter ial for group discuss ion. Fiduciary Administration MR. KIRBY An ad va nced study of the adm inistration of decedents' estates and trusts. Satisfactory completion of the course in Deced ents' Estates and Trusts, or its equ ivalent, is a prer equ isite. Government and Land MR. R EESE Problems of public policy r ela ting to the use of la nd resources; techniques of public control, th e nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building cod es, city plann ing; state and federal programs of public housin g; the role of government in th e r eal es tate market, FHA, r egul a tion of private credit institutions. 34 �Intellectual Property iVIR . KEGAN What the gen eral lawyer sho uld know abo ut p ate nts, trad emar ks, copyrights, a nd ideas disclosed in co nfide nce. A lso co nstitutes a n introd uctor y survey prerequ isite to sp ecializatio n in this area. Fundamental co ncep ts co ncernin g th e nature of in ve ntion , commercial symbo ls a nd sig na tures, a nd literary, musi cal a nd art isti c property. Administrati ve procedures in securing sta tutory protection. Proprietary rights, their e nforcement a nd commerciali za ti o n. Grants, lice nses a nd ass ignme nts. Infringeme nt, circuminve nti o n, p lag iarism, palming off, dilu tion , a nd unfair co mp et itio n. Pate nt, trade mark a nd cop yright litigation. T h e commer cializa tio n of pate nts, trademarks, a nd co pyri g hts, and their use in intern a ti o nal trade. Probl ems created by telev isio n a nd motio n p ict ures in the use an d enforcement of in te ll ectu al property. MR. NEKAM International Business Transactions I The international business contract: the law applicable; th e documents used; letters of credit; mar ine insurance ; arb itrat io n ; excl usive jurisdictio n a nd fo rum non coven iens; monetary problems. Mimeographed materials. International Law J\1R. MAcC1-1ESNEY An intensive study of selec ted legal problems in volvin g criti ca l iss ues of international law and internatio nal order. The topics will vary from year to year, but they u su all y include a study o f the international judicial process and a study of some aspect of the law-mak ing process in the international co mmunity. Pa mphlet and other materials accord ing to top ic. ]urisjJruclence iVIR. Ros£NBL U\ I Intensive examin a tion of some fundamental problems which cu t across all fields of law, e.g., the rela ti ons hip betwee n th e judge a nd legislat ure a nd judge Northwestern's criminal law program inc ludes a series of annua l conferences and sho rt cou rses in the field of criminal la w administration . �and community; th e moral a nd ethical values supporting law, the ir on g111 , validity and applicab ility to specific legal problems; the problems of freedom a nd equality; the usefulness of such co n cep ts as "natural law" in solving con crete legal problems. Materials used include both ac tu al a nd hypothetical judicial o pinions, as well as selections from Aristotle, Austin, Bentha m, M ill , a nd others. Fuller, The Problems of ]urisf1rudence. Law and the Industrial Society MR. R UDER An exploration of problems of public policy common to corporate, labor, a nd trade rela tions. A summary a nalys is of the eco nomic fram ework on which the lega l rul es in the three fi elds a re built. Ass igned read ings. Legislation M R. TRUM B ULL Primaril y individual a nd sma ll team projects. In fi elds in which there is reaso n to believe publi c interest is invo lved, th e sem in ar draf ts legisla tion . I n the cases of bills of publi c interes t already introduced , th e semin ar scrutini zes the bills in auempts to help in th e area of technical co nsiderations. The work involves drafting, resea rch into legisla tion of var ious states, and ex planation of clauses drafted. MR . NATHANSON Transportation and Public Uti lities A comparative study of the principal legal a nd policy qu estions involved in federal regulation of tra nsporta tion faci lities, radio and television broadcasting, gas a nd electric utilities, and production and uses of atomic en ergy. Auerbach and N a thanson, Federal R egulation of Transportation , a nd o th er materials. SECOND SEMESTER (Courses starred are those usually offered in th e summer term .) CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) " MR. iVIAcC HESNEY Legal consequences for p ersons and property of interstate and international transactions; an examination of the allocation of legislative a nd judicial competence between the nations and between the states; principles of reciprocity and comity underlying the exercise of jurisdiction and choice of law; the impact of the Constitution on intersta te transactions and of treaties a nd customary law on international transactions ; r esolutions of conflicts of legal systems; full faith a nd credit and "Act of State" ; scope of public policy; criteria for choice of law and abstention from exercise of jurisdiction; minimum standards for international trade a nd due process; the co ntrol of the use of force in the settlement of disputes. FAMILY LAW (3)" MR. NEKAM The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations, including the law of marriage, a nnulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel, Cases and Materials on Domestic R elations (3d ed.). 36 �Exploring new areas of th e law, se min a r stu d ents work closely with facu lty and di stinguishe d lecture rs. FEDER AL J U RISDICTIO N (2)* MR . R EESE H istory of th e fed eral judicial sys tem ; stru cture and busi n ess of the fe deral co ur ts; n a ture of th e fe deral judicial fun cti on ; divers ity of citizenshi p; federa l q u es tio ns; jurisd ictio na l a mount; r emoval jurisdi ctio n ; ve nu e; Jaw ap p licable in fe deral co urts; jurisdi ction to enj o in proceedin gs in sta te co urts; jur isdi cti o n of co urts of a ppea ls a nd Supreme Co urt. H art a nd i1Vechsler, Th e Federa l Courts an d th e Federal System; Th e Judicial Co cle and Ru les of Procedure in th e Federa l Courts. J\fR. KIRB Y, M R. P E DRICK FEDER AL T AX POLICY (1) A n elective co urse with r es tricted enro llment d esign ed as a co mp anio n course for Fed eral Inco me Taxati o n to provide introdu ction to a n ar ea of importa nce to those i nteres ted in the go vernm ent poli cies underl ying th e federal tax stru cture. A criti ca l exa min a ti o n a nd a nalys is of selected phases of th e fed eral income, esta te and g ift tax sta tutes, with emphas is upo n their growth and development, their administra ti o n a nd r es ultin g effects upo n th e eco no my, their n eed fo r r eform a nd th e possible futur e legisla ti ve revisio n. MR. H A VIGH URST INSU RANC E LAW (2)* Forma ti on a nd co nstru cti o n of co ntracts for life, casu alty a nd property insura n ce; orga nizatio n and r egula tion of insura nce com pa ni es under the Jaws of the several sta tes; applicati o n of federal laws to in sura n ce; measures for safeguarding th e solve n cy of co mpanies a nd for the pro tection of p olicyholders; sup ervision of fire a nd casualty insurance r a tes; r e insura nce; r eha bilita ti o n and liquida tion of compani es. Go bl e, Cases nn I nsuran ce L aw (2d ed .). 37 �LEGAL CLINI C (l or 2) Parti cipa ti on in the Legal C lini c Program, to the ex tent of one cred it hour, is op en to all a nd r equired of stude nts not members of the Law R eview Board. Work may be pursued after completio n of two terms, a nd in either the R egular o r Sp ecial Programs, as d escribed below: R egular Program (1) MR. MURPHY Fifty hours of sup ervised fi eld work at the Legal Aid Bureau of Un ited Charities of Chi cago (123 West Madi so n Stree t). T h e bulk of the work co nsists of interviews of clients, but a limited amount of work is provided in drafting a nd fi ling of instrume nts; attenda nce at court; legal research ; an d exa mination of r ecords. A paper is r eq uired . SfJecial Program (I or 2) M R. SACKS, MR. MURPHY Tra ining in cli e nt counseling, with approx imately 12 hours of classroom work a nd 23 h ours of clinical work -at the Lega l Aid Bureau. Top ics cover ed include legal interviewing; huma n problems in es ta te pla nnin g, matrimoni al rela tions, debt and oth er ty pes of cases; use of social age ncies a nd other community resources in client co unseling; the na ture of th e counseling process. The cli ni cal element co nsists of faculty dem o nstrations of client interviewing a nd coun seling, a nd closely sup ervised stud ent work with Legal Aid Bureau clients. A p ,1per is r equired . Four ho urs of classroom work a nd 12 hours of clini ca l work are given durin g the seco nd semester; the r emaining eight ho urs of classroom work and 11 hours of clin ical work will be offered in Jun e of 1963. This phase of th e Program will be schedul ed so as not to preclud e atte nd a nce at the Summer Session. Enrollment limited to 12 students p er section ; not more than two sections will be offered. One credit hour; two credit ho urs if 50 additional h ours of clinical work are completed. The regul ar instructors are assisted by gues t social workers, ps ychi atrists, a nd lawyers. M imeograp hed materi als. PROFESSIONAL R ESPONSIBILITY MR. TRUMBULL Esse ntial a nd distin ctive characteristics of the legal professio n : th e co ncept of service; the lawyer as a n officer of the court ; th e organization of the bar and the development of edu cational and ethical standards; a self-govern ing profession and its discip linary mach in er y; the role of lawyers in the evolutio n of American institutions a nd organ ization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regardin g th e application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activiti es of lawyers. R eadin gs a nd problems. Required of all studen ts. Trumbull, Ma terials on the Lawyer's Professional R esponsibility. R ESTITUTION (3)* MR. ERENS T h e prin cip les and remedies avai lable, a t law and in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission o f co ntracts, the restitu tion of property, or other 38 �relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. Durfee and Dawson , Cases on Restitution. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE (1) MR. l NBAU T h e technical and legal aspects of scientific a ids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. TRIAL PRACTICE (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads and tries a relatively uncomplicated negligence action. The course includes the witness interview, the preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct a nd cross examination of la y a nd expert witnesses, and the closing argument. MR. GOLDSTEIN TRIAL TECHNIQUE (1) Methods of proof, preparation of facts, selection of jury, opening statements, direct examination, laying of foundation for and introduction of exhibits, objections to evidence, offers of proof, expert testimony, hypothetical questions, cross examination and impeachment of witnesses, arguments to court and jury; exercises in examination of witnesses a nd oral argument. Goldstein, Trial Technique; Goldstein, Trial Practice Cases. SEMINARS (2, unless otherwise indicated) MR. RAHL Antitrust Law Application of the antitrust and related laws to representative business problems involving mergers, price policies, relations with suppliers and distributors, control of brands and advertising, licensing of patents, and other problems. Discussion of governmental policy in these areas as well as practical treatment of problems. The co urs e in Trade Relations is a prerequisite. Civil Liberties in Nloclern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON, MR. ROSENBLUM A comparative study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems encountered by modern democratic societies in defining the scope of freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of external a nd internal stress. Comparative Law MR. NEKAM A comparative study, based o n selected problems. of the techniques and standards of the common law and the civil law. Proposed for more detailed study this year are the legal aspects of money and the problems created through the parallel existence of several monetary systems. Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Selected problems in corporate practice. About half of the sessions will be devoted to the federal a nd state securities acts, and problems of public financing 39 �generally. The remainder will deal with problems of the close corporation : e.g., capital structure, control d evices, buy-and-sell agreements. Emphasis will be placed on planning and drafting, and on the pertinent tax co nsiderations. The course in Corporations is a prerequisite. Estate Planning MR. KIRBY, MR. PEDRICK This seminar is described in the list of seminars for the first semester. MR. COONS Government Contracts An examination of th e policies and procedures of federal procurement, with emphasis on defense spending. Consideration will be given to problems of appropriations, contract awards, performance, disputes and appeals procedures, research and development contracts, and the use of the contract device as a means of social control. Int ernational Business Transactions II (1) MR. PEDRICK The impact of governmental regulation a nd taxation at home a nd abroad on the conduct of international business operations will be studied, on a problem basis, from the viewpoint of the lawyer advising on such operations. MR. MACCHESNEY Int ernational Law This seminar is described in the list of seminars for the first semester. MR. ELSON Labor Law Collective bargaining; drafting and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. The course in Labor Relations is a prerequisite. Law Review INSTRUCTOR TO BE ANNOUNCED Special r esearch studies, open to members of and competitors for the Editorial Board of the Northwestern University Law Review. Legal History Studies exploring, with the aid of social, religious, political and economic ment of Anglo-American common law problems on sources and movements precedent, development of courts and MR. SCHWERIN historical information, the influence of ideas and institutions upon the developand of Continental civil law. Selected in civil and common law, codes a nd of the legal profession. Problems in Taxation of Business Income MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations and partnerships. The tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions, liquidation and mergers will be explored at both the corporate a nd the shareholder levels; th e taxation of other forms of doing business will be contrasted therewith. Enrollment restricted to those who have satisfactorily completed the basic income tax course or its equivalent. 40 �MR. FISH ER State an d L ocal Government* D eals with topi cs selected from th e wide a nd rapidl y ch anging field of sta te and local governm e nt. In view of the great and increas ing urbanization o f the United Sta tes, th e seminar centers on the government of metropolitan areas, with emphasis on th e r ela tionships of governmental bodies to each other under th e in creasing impact of federal financing and activity in such fields as transportation, water , police, housing and city planning. Materials to be announced. SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs, the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar. Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as an integral part of the general educational program, upon an occasional basis and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these established programs are described below. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Pre-eminent figures in law and related fields have d elivered th e annual lectures, and their publication in book form has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title "Some Lessons From Our Legal History," by the Macmillan Company. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of Old and New China, a Comparison " in " The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary, " by th e Commercial Press. 41 �In 1931, Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of " The Supreme Court in United States History," an d num ero us o ther historical works. T h ese lectures were published un der the title "Bankruptcy in Un ited Sta tes History," by H a rvard U niversi ty Press. In 1936, Wal ton Hale Hamilton , Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme .Judi cial Court of Massachusetts. T hese lectures were published under th e titl e "The Tr ial Judge," by the Fo undation Press, Inc. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law a t Harvard U ni vers it y. These lectures were published und er the title "The Law in Qu es t of Itself, " by the Foundation Press, In c. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures coverin g the evolution , structure, operatio n, a nd philosophy of the Un ited Nations was given by a gro up of learned and distinguished men wh o h ave been intimately associated with the es tablishment a nd development o.f the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and give n under the direction o f Adlai E. Stevenson , who is presently servin g as U ni ted States Ambassador to the Un ited Nations. In 1947-48, under th e direction of Mr. Stevenson, a nother series of lectures was give n on subj ects in the field of Intern a t-ion al R elations and Internation al Law. In 1948-49, J ohn N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet U nion and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures o n the subj ect, ''On U nd ers tandin g the Supreme Court," publish ed as a volum e und er that title by Little, Brown 8c Co. In 1950, J ohn P. Dawson, Professor of Law, Un iversity of M ichigan, delivered a seri es of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume under th e title, "Un just Enrichment, A Comparative Ana lys is," by Little, Brown 8c Co. In 195 1, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, U nited Na tions, delivered a seri es of lectures o n "World Law, World Community a nd th e U nited Nations," published as a vo lume under the title "United ations a nd ,i\Torld Com munity," by Little, Brown 8c Co. In 1952, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lect ures on "Th e Lawyer a nd the Government, " published as a vo lum e und er the title "The Washington Lawyer," by Little, Brown 8c Co. In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "Th e Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The N uremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also h eld on the subj ect of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Wa lter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illin-0is, and H erbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia Un iversity. 42 �In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor o[ Law, Columbia Un ivers ity, de li vered a er ies of lectures on "The 20th Ce ntur y Ca pitalist R evoluti o n," published as a vo lu me und er that title b y Harcourt, Brace. In 1955, Ja mes Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, U niversity of Wisconsin , de livered a series of lectures o n "Law a nd Liberty in the Nineteenth Ce ntury," published as a vo lu me u nder the title, "Law a nd the Co nditi o ns of Freedom in the N in eteenth Ce n tury U nited States," by the U niversity o f Wisconsin Press. In 1955-56, lectures were g iven by Louis B. Sohn, Pro fessor o[ Law, Harvard University, Ern est A. Gross, Legal Adv ise r to th e Secretary Ge neral of the U nited Natio ns, and John]. ParkP-r, Ch ief Judge of the United States Co urt of Appea ls for the Fo urth C ircui t. In 1956-57, th e fo llowin g· lectures we re g ive n : "The Individual a nd the Rul e of Law U nd er th e New Japan ese Co nst itu tio n," by No bushige Ulwi, Professor of Law and Politi ca l Science, To kyo U ni versity; "Judi cial Enforcement of Desegregat io n: Its Problems a nd L imitat io ns," by A. E. Papale, Dea n, School of Law, Loyola Un iversity, New Orl ea ns; "M urder a nd th e Principles of Punishme nt," by H erbert L.A. Hart, Professor of .Jurisprude nce, Oxford Univers ity. In I 958, L eon Green, forme rl y D ea n o f the Law Schoo l a nd presently Distinguis hed Professor of Law, U niversity of Texas, de livered a series of lec tures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insura nce for T r affic Victims," published as a vo lum e un der the titl e, "Traffic V ictims; To rt Law and Insura nce," by th e Northwestern U niversity Press. In I 959, Louis Eisenstein, of the District of Colu mb ia bar, de li vered a ser ies of lectures o n "T he Ideologies of Taxatio n," published as a volu me under that titl e by th e R ona ld Press. In I 960, the R ight H onorab le Lord Raclcli[!e, Lord of Ap peal in Ordinary of the U nited Kingdom, deli vered a se ries of lectures o n "The Law a nd Its Compass, " publ ished as a vo lum e und er tha t titl e by th e Northwestern University Press. In 196 1, Professor Harold Canfield Ha vighurst, former D ea n of th e Law School a nd presently a memb er of the fac ult y, deli vered a series of lectures o n "The Nature of Priva te Co ntract, " published as a vo lume und er that title by the Nor th western U niv ersity Press. In 1962 , the Rt. R ev. Jam es A. Pike, Bishop of the Ep iscopal Diocese of Ca liforn ia, deliver ed a series of lectures on "The Ethi c Beyond Legal E thi cs: T he R elig io us and Eth ica l Vocation of the Lawyer." THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM T h e Charles Clare nce Linthicum Foundation was establish ed in 1926 in memory of Professor Linthicum, a n alumnus of the class of 1882, a member of the Law School faculty fro m 1902 to 191 5, and one of the m os t emin ent patent lawyen of his clay. The incom e of the fund is devo ted to the support of research, study, a nd development of the law of trade, industry, a nd co mmerce. From time to time prizes have been awarded from these funds for meritorious 43 �Public officials participate with business leaders in co-curricular programs, relating formal instruction to current public questions . books and essays in these fields to distinguished American and European authors. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of significa nt conferences. In 1948 a Round Table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subj ect, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R. ]ohnslon, of the C hi cago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Dean a nd Professor of Law, Yale Un iversity; Thom.as C. McConnell and Leo F. Tiern ey, of th e Chicago bar; Jam.es A. Rahl, of the fac ulty, and students from the class in Trade R elations. In 1949 a Round Table was held on the subject, "'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern Un ivers ity, and Paul R. I-la ys, Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and formerly Professor of Law, Columbi a University. Participants were Stanford Clinton a nd Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W. Willard Wirtz, the present Undersecretary of Labor and formerly of the faculty, a nd st ud e nts from the class in La bor Relations. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of the Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of the series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In 1951 a Conference was held on the subj ect of "Arbitration a nd Wage Stab ilization." In I 952 a Forum was held on the subject, "Countervailin g Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was ] . K enneth Galbraith, United States Ambassador to India a nd formerly Professor of Eco nom ics, Harvard Un iversity. In 1954 a Conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955 a Conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report." In 1955 a Conference was held on " Revised Civil Practice in Illii10is. " 44 �In 1956-57 the Law School was a joint sponsor of Conferences on "The St. Lawr en ce Seaway a nd the Law" a nd "Chi cago's H o using Code." In J 957 a Conference was h eld on "Freedom a nd R espo nsibility in the Industrial Community." In the fall of 1959, the Fo undation was co-spo nsor of a Co nference on "Freedom in th e Modern American Economy, " presented as a part of the Law School's ce ntenni al observance. The speakers included Arthur ]. Go ldb erg, the present Secretary of Labor and a n alumnus of th e School. In 1960, as part of the observance of the Law School's centennial, a Conference was h eld on the subject, " Individual Freedom a nd Public D ebate." Among th e sp eakers was Adlai E. Stevenson, the present United States Ambassador to the U nited Natio ns a nd a n alumnus of the School. In I 96 1, a Conference was h eld on "Freedom and R esponsibility in Broadcasting." Among the participants were Newton N. Niinow, Ch airm an of the Federal Communications Commission, a nd Roscoe E. Barrow, D ea n of the University of Cincin nati College of Law, both alumni of the School. In 1961 , a Conference was h eld on "The Illinois Professional Association Law." Among the participants was Crane C. Hauser, Chief Counsel of th e Internal Revenu e Service of the Un ited States Treasury and an alumnus of th e School. In 1962, a Conference was h eld on "Th e Uniform Commercial Code in Illinois. " THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM In l 958 the Ford Foundation granted $300,000 to the Law School for the purpose of enlarging its program in criminal law. The award h as p ermitted the offering of six graduate fellowships annua ll y for studies in crim in al Jaw. As a part of the Criminal Law Program , the Law School offers annual co nferences and short courses for various groups involved in the administration of criminal justice. In addition to the long esta blished program for prosecuting attorneys, separate courses and conferences are cond ucted for defe nse lawyers in criminal cases, for newsmen , for criminal court judges and legislators, and for high-ranking police and Jaw enforcement officials. THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation awarded $200,000 to the Law School for the expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The School's early interest in the field is manifested by its substantial and seasoned library collections in foreign a nd international Jaw, and by its long-s tanding requirement that each student pursue some international studies. In furth era nce of its program, the School has offered seminars in International Business Transactions, International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis, and a course in Family Law, with emphasis on comparative materials. The funds of the grant are used for additional faculty and for visiting foreign professors, and they support grad uate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Other portions of the funds are devoted to work-semtnars and conferences in the field of int€rnational law. 45 �The student residen ce is th e scene of many hours of study-essential to a legal education . Library research, with ready access by students to wide-ranging source materials , supplements classroom work. 46 �Informal coffee hours offer students opportunities for social visits with members of t he facu lty and prominent guests. Outstanding legal scholars present annual lectures as part of the School 's supplemental programs. A recent visitor was the Right Hon. Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ord inary of the United Kingdom . Rigorous traditions of scholarship make participation in the work of the Law Review a rewarding expe rienc e . �In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the Law School building by several outstanding lawyers of the day, including Abraham Lincoln. -Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860. THE STUDENT BODY A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says that a law student receives his education from _h is classmates. Like many an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom, the student continues his professional preparation in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with his fe llows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body. At Northwestern, the entering student finds himself a member of a close-knit community of men and women, bound together by a common pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, seldom exceeding 400 students, thus facilitating wide acquain tance among the students. For purposes of instruction, the classes are divided into sections, further guarding the individua l from being submerged in the mass. The beginner himself will have been carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capa-ble of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates will be high-ranking graduates of the leading colleges and 48 �universities in the U nited States and abroad. In a spirit of h ealthy competition, the student realizes his own full capacities in keeping pace with his fellows. Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of b ackgrounds . The typ ical student body consists of men and women from some 30 states and eight or 10 foreign countries. More than 100 colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see p. 83). A variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students h ave earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the Law School. Law students as a whole tend to be individua listic and venturesome, and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the L aw School combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the individual student. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Foremost among the Law School's student activities is the publication of the Northwestern University Law R ev iew, one of the nation's leading professional journals. The Review is circulated widely among lawyers and judges, and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. The tradition in the legal world of professional journals being accepted as authoritative within the profession, although writteR, edited, and published by men who have not yet achieved professional status, is unique among the professions. Work on the Law Review is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to the law student. A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law R eview was first established by students of the school during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation . Publication was continued in 1906, after a 10-year suspension, under the title the Illinois Law R eview. For a period beginning in 1924 editorship was shared with the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control a nd in 1952 the name was changed to the Nor thwestern University Law R eview. At the beginning of their second year students of highest scholastic standing are chosen to write commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the R eview. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. The work of the Law R eview is so integrated with the instructional program of the School that participation is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting excellent qualification for 49 �any field of the profession, Law R eview editors are sought a nd preferred after graduation by leading law firms , government, a nd private business. The fact that the student body is not large mea ns tha t at Northwestern the opportunities for Law R eview participation are somewhat broader than in other schools. Although Law R eview students work hard, they take one day off each spri ng to play a softball game with the faculty and to hold a dinner where the principal sport is carica turing the foibles of their professors. Th e Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science.Products of student scholarship also are publish ed in the Journal of Crimina l Law, Criminology and Police Scien ce. The Journal, first in its field, with a world-wide cir culation, has been published continuously by the School since 1910. The editor-in-chief is Claude R . Sowle, Ass istant Dean a nd Associate Professor of Law, Northwestern U niversity. H e is assis ted by Gresham M. Sykes, Professor of Sociology, D artmouth U niversity, who serves as C riminology Editor, and a board of Associate Editors composed of legal scholars a nd criminologists. The section on Police Science is under the editorship of Mr. Ordway Hilton, an examiner of questioned documents in New York C ity, assisted b y a board of Assoc iate Ed itors in the fields of criminali stics, police administration, and legal medicine. Professor Fred E. Inbau of the Law School faculty is the Managing Director. The Journal is published quarterl y. Student comments and papers prepared in the seminars relating to crimi nal law or in individual study are published regularly in the Journal . In combination with the Law R eview, the Journa l offers to students in the Law School a dual opportunity for intensive experience in legal scholarship and for contribution to eminent professional journals. MOOT COURT COMPETITIO To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by a voluntary program co nducted for adva nced students in the School. The program is supervised and administered b y members of the faculty with the ass istance of upperclassmen, and involves the prep:1-ration of app ellate court briefs and the presentation of oral argument before p a nels of judges, practicing a ttorn eys, and faculty members. The cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex a nd ch allenging tha n those assigned in the regular course. 'Winners of the Lowden-Wigmore Prize are chosen through compe tition, and the School's representatives for competing with oth er law schools in the National Moot Court Compet ition are also chose n. The fin al argument is conducted before the entire studen t body, cu stomarily with distingu ish ed judges from the federal bench. 50 �STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY: THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law students are only a few short steps removed from the practice of law. The qualities of personal integrity and responsibility essential in the profession are best fostered not by exhortation but by actual exercise and experience. In the belief that the most effective way to develop maturity and responsibility among the students is to vest responsibility in the students themselves, the Law School has conferred a large measure of authority upon the students' professional organization, the Junior Bar Association. All students are members of the Association and through it work out the problems of student government and School activities. Its declared objects are to encourage and promote the highest standards of integrity and industry, to the end that its members may be properly equipped to enter the profession of the law. The officers and Board of Governors of the Association are elected by the students themselves. HONOR CODE An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the students, through the Junior Bar Association, with respect to its enforcement and implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Board of Governors of the Association. After a full hearing, the Board has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty. The Code covers not only the administration of examinations, but also the submission of written papers and the conduct of a student generally in his law study and relations with the School. The student body through its elected representatives in the Junior Bar Association further has the authority to prescribe and enforce rules of conduct in and about the Law School and to enforce the regulations governing the use of the library. The intent is that habits of professional self-discipline should be developed in the student, rather than imposed upon him by outward authority. STUDENT ACTIVITIES The student body bears important responsibilities as well in the supplemental educational programs of the School. The Junior Bar Association traditionally sponsors a series of frequent lectures, bringing outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures to 51 �the Law School to address the students on subj ects of general interest, and continuing the liberal educa tion of the lawyer. Informal recep tions, known as coffee hours, are h eld frequently in Lowden H all to afford the student opportunities for social contact and casual co nversation with members of the faculty and distinguished visitors to the School. A wide variety of activities is carried on under student responsibility, through the Junior Bar Association, to serve the needs and interests of fellow students. The Association participates in an orientation program for new students, assists them with registration, and arranges for a reception a nd small advisory meetings, all designed to welcome the beginner a nd to ease the educational transition. The Association operates an exchange for the purchase and sale of used casebooks and course m a terials, supplementing the facilities of the University Bookstore in Abbott Hall and helping students who must economize. To strengthen ties with former students and to inform the alumni of developments at the School, the students also publish the Law School R eporter, a magazine distributed to students and graduates three times each year. In recognition of the Law School's place in the legal profession at large, the Northwestern Junior Bar Association is affiliated with the American Law Student Association, the national organization of students in training for the law, sponsored by the American Bar Association. Professional responsibilities are also recognized in cooperative research projects undertaken from time to time by the Northwestern Junior Bar Association and the student Legal Research Staff in collaboration with the regular bar associations. In working with committees of the local, state, and national professional organizations, the students come to appreciate the bar's broad public obligations and benefit from rewarding associations with prominent lawyers. In sum, the varied range of opportunities afforded to Law School students for service to their fellows, to the School, and to the profession provides valuable training in the exercise of those responsibilities that distinguish the lawyer's calling as a profession. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that "the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. Organized social activities at the Law School are sponsored by the Junior Bar Association and by the several legal fraternities. In addition 52 �(Above) Working cooperat ively in student activities, prospective lawyers become acquainted with the collective concerns of the profession. (R ight) The annual Faculty-Law Review softba ll game revea ls the teacher in a different guise . to the coffee hours, the Association holds a dance for all students once each semester. Chapters of three national legal fraternities-Phi Alpha Delta, Phi Delta Phi, and Tau Epsilon Rho-and one legal sorority-Kappa Beta Pi -have been established at the Law School. Members do not live nor eat together and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. They hold numerous luncheons during the course of the year with addresses by nationally and locally prominent lawyers, judges, and public officials. And they sponsor frequent dances and in formal parties. None of these groups follows any discriminatory membership policy. A program of intramural athletics involving the legal fraternities and other groups on the campus offers participation in organized sports, and nearby beaches, golf courses, and other facilities are available for individual recreation. Tickets are offered at reduced rates for the U niversity's intercollegiate athletic programs on the undergraduate campus in Evanston. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city such as Chicago are close at hand . STUDENT WIVES A useful auxiliary of the Junior Bar Association is the organization of the wives of Law School students. A substantial minority of the student body is married. 53 �At the social gatherings of the Law Wives, the student's wife ca n visit with faculty wives, discuss matters of common interest, and spend a pleasant evening during her husband's long hours in the library. To help her to understand the work that demands so much of her husband's time and attention , the law wife may enjoy an informal talk by one of the faculty members on the vicissitudes of law study or a legal problem of general interest. Occasionally professors have conducted abbreviated versions of their Law School courses for the student wives, to give them a first-hand view of the educational process in which their husbands are so deeply involved. STUDENT RESIDENCE Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation as well as earnest discussion contributes to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom. The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce men of professio,nal qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student naturally and effortlessly concentrates his time and attention on preparing for the practice of law. For these reasons, all law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are expected to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, 18 stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge, a fountaingrill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling and ping-pong are available in the basement. 54 ��frequent special events bring em inent jurists, outstand ing government officials , and other noted speakers to the School. Right, Chief Justice of the United States Earl Warren. Be low, United States Ambassado r to the United Nations Adlai E. Stevenson. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of L aw. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed lin ens and blankets are included in the furnishings, and 5½ day maid service is given , The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the floor plan, opposite. The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2.75 to $3.50. 56 �The average room rate for the academic year is $365. 00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the appli cant. The Division of Student Fina n ce issu es and makes all adj ustments on the residence bi lls for Abbott Hall. R ental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January 1, and April 1, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presenta tion and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbo tt Hall. Applica tions, together with a $25.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11. For married students, there is a variety of a partments in the vicinity of the Law School and within easy commuting distance. For the conve nience of students, a listing of available housing is maintained in Ab bott Ha ll. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through the Student H ealth Service of the University, students of the Law School are furnished medical care and treatment. The facilities of the several hospitals associated with the U niversity and situated on the campus are available for confinement, and out-patient care and consultation are provided in the Medical School Students are enrolled with the Service a t the time of registration, a nd at that time complete the necessary forms, appear for a conference, and receive detail ed information about the plan . For a more complete description , the Student H ea lth Service Info rma tion Bulletin is available upon request. 18 17 57 �"Old Northwestern! "That's where we learned our law." -"The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29. THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM The deepest traditions of the Law School are rooted in scholarship and educational excellence. For more than a century, the Law School has been devoted to improvement and innovation in legal education. Its graduates and faculty have numbered among the great teachers and scholars of their times, a nd, as deans and faculty members in other centers of legal learning, have shared and extended this dedication. The academic program of the School today reflects and preserves the strong tradition. ADMISSION Since its early years, the Law School has followed a policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order. In consequence, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of successful completion of legal studies and can qualify for the practice of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants whose records indica te that they will successfully complete the course of study. 58 �Application forms and informa tion concerning admission requiremen ts may be obtained by writing to the: Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago II, Iliinois. Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening of the first semester, in September. Before enrollment, the student must h ave obtained a bachelor's degree from an approved college or u niversity. In rare insta n ces, exceptions to this requirement may be made for students who have completed at leas t three years of stud y with outstanding academic records, who have achieved high scores in the Law School A dmission Test, who ar e believed to possess the maturity desirable for the study of law, and who present special circumstances justifying early entran ce. T h e comple ted application form may be submitted at any time durin g the year preceding the expected date of entrance. Early application is advisable. It is n ot necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score, and recommendations can b e supplied b efore filing the applica tion. T h e application fee is $10.00. The application form must be supplemen ted by a transcript from each college or university a ttended. Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved , the applicant will be asked a l registra tion to supply a fina l transcript certifyin g th e award of a bachelor's d egree, unless the transcripts originally submitted co ntain that cert ification. The application must also be supported by a report of the applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. This Law School joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, whi ch is designed to measure the student's general ap titude for the study of law. Information on h ow to arrange to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, New J ersey, will be supplied with the admission forms. The test may be ta ken either before or after the forms are fil ed, although a n applicant for admission in September should ordinarily plan to r egister either for the test given in the fall or the test g iven in the winter of the preceding academic year. The Educational Testing Service should b e reques ted to report the applicant's score directly to the Sch ool of Law. An applicant is also asked to submit recommendations, on forms furnished by the School, from two college or university instructors. An applicant need n ot ap p ear for a p erson al interview unless requested by the Committee on Admissions. Prospec tive stud ents are invited and e ncouraged, however, to visit the School. 59 �Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations and other information bearing on his capacity and qualification for law study. Each applicant is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account. Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a committee of faculty members, which may seek further information from the applicant, his college or professors, or request the student to appear for an interview to assist the committee in its deliberations. An applicant who is accepted for admission as a member of the class entering in September is required to make a deposit of $25.00 by April 15 of the year of entrance or within thirty days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration, the deposit is applied toward the payment of tuition. For applicants accepted for entrance in September, 1963, and thereafter, the deposit amount will be $50. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school will be admitted if he is ineligible to continue study at that school. TRANSFER The admission of students previously enrolled in other law schools who wish to become candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor depends upon the applicant's achievements in law study as well as upon the factors which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record. Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the $ 10.00 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated, and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one a law school instructor. A statement of class standing should also be submitted. Transfer applicants are not required to take the Law School Admission Test unless requested. If an applicant has already taken the test, however, a score report must be furnished to complete the application. The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event will transfer credit be given for law school work in schools which are not members of the Association of American Law Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or its equivalent. 60 �A student enrolled in another law school may be admitted for the summer session upon a certificate of good standing from the school in wh ich he is perman ently enrolled. PRE-LEGAL STUDY A bachelor's degree in arts or science is requ ired for admission to the Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader professional responsibilities as well as to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study confers a special advantage in the law. College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile. In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that will enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force. English, foreign language courses, and public speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, may be suggested. Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law should take courses of sufficient difficulty to try his capacities to the utmost, to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition, to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery of the subject, to gain the experience of deep and thorough understanding. The typical student is more likely to extend himself and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows the bent of his own interests and tastes. It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law, designed for men preparing for other callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and 61 �Robert R. McCormick Hall, dedicated in 1960 and made possib le in part by alumni gifts, completes the Law School quadrangle. effort will be better spent in studies in other fields. It should be noted that a student will be required to take a one-hour course in accounting in the second year of Law School unless he has received college credit for three semester-hours, or its equivalent, in the field. In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the cap acity to understa nd, to think for himself, and to express himself effectively. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES The cost of a year of law study varies with the n eeds, h abits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be drawn, the sum of $2400 approx imates the total expense for the acad emic year of the average unmarried student r es iding in A bbott Hall, th e Law School dormitory. Of this total, slightly more than $1100 is required for tuition, fees, books and supplies. The rema inder represents th e typ ical exp enditure for room, board , and personal needs. TUITION The student's total investment in his legal education, while large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total r eturns in th e decad es of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long run. 62 �In the interests of its students, the Law School h as made every effort to hold down the costs, but in the same inter ests it has refused to sacrifice an y of the elements of a legal edu cation of the high est quality. The cost of each stud ent's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from in come from endowmen ts and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of Northwestern . Tuit io n for th e aca dm eic year 1962-63 is as follows: Undergradu ate Full Tuition" First Semester ........... .. ............. . . ... . ........ . ... .. . .. $500.00 Second Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500.00 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250.00 Undergrad uate Part-time Tuition, each cred it hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.00 Graduate Full Tu ition," each semester ... . .. .. . ... . . .... . ........... 500.00 Graduate Part- time Tuition . . ... .. . . ... ........ .... ... . ..... (proportionate amount of full tuition) R es ident in R esearch Fee Each Semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0.00 Unclassi fied Students-Tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour per week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.00 Candidates for th e degree of Juris Doctor or the degree of Bachelor o f Laws are classified as und ergraduate students. Cand id ates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D. ) and students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or th eir equivalents and are in th eir first semester of full-time graduate work pending their accep tance as candida tes for a gradu ate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are unclassified students. Candidates for th e S.J.D. and LL.M. degree who have do ne full -time graduare classifi ed as und ergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of R esearch fee unless they take courses or seminars, in which event th ey are charged at the rate of $50 a credit-hour. Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are ch arged the R esident in R esearch fee. FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees , mostly n on-recurring, are charged as indicated below: Application Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 (This fee is not transferable and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advan ce deposit of $25 is r equ ir ed of all appli cants accepted for admission . T his d eposit is n ot r efundab le, but will be appli ed as part payment of tuition. For appli cants accep ted for entrance in September, 1963, an d ther ea ft er, the deposit amount will be $50.) *Effective in June, 1963, the amount of tu ition per semeste r wi ll be $600. 63 �Graduation Fees Bachelor of Science in L aw . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Bachelor of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Master of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Doctor of Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 Student Health Fee (R equired of all full-time students.) First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 Second sem ester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.00 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l 0.00 Mimeograph Fee* 5.00 First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Summer tenn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.50 Part-time students ... .. ............ .... .... . .................. pro r ata Late R egistra tion Fee (for registering after the sch eduled time) . . . . . . . . 5.00 Cha nge of R egistration Fee (after the first two weeks of cl asses in each 5.00 term unl ess requ ested b y the School) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Physical Examination Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.00 Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 Duplicate Transcript of R ecord, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.00 FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather th an by the full acad emic year. Payments are du e in the first few weeks after the commencement of the term upon the da te specified in the statement sent to each student after r egistration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on th e first floor of Abbott H all, receives these payments. T h e Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the sta tements and makes all adjustments. All charges must be paid, in an y event, before the student can be p ermitted to take examinations at the close of th e term, and no credit can be given nor a diploma or transcript issued unti l all current debts are paid. WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official withdrawal forms are available a t the General Office of the School o( Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are h eld for no tuition beyond the amount of the advance deposit. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the end of one-fourth of the term are h eld for one-fourth of th e tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and b efore the middle of the • 111 many co urses it is necessary lO supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the m imeographed materials requ ired in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation . No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial ass istan ts spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. 64 �term are held for one-half of the tuition for th e term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are h eld for full tuition. R egardless of the time of withdrawal, students are h eld for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above dates. In all cases the date on which the student withdrew from classes, or th e date of formal excl usion, is u sed in fi gurin g any adjustment o n tuition. REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligible to apply for r ebates: (a) full -time faculty and staff members listed o n the regul ar twelvemonth payroll of the U niversity; (b) dep endent (unmarried) sons a nd daughters of su ch persons; (c) full-time employees of affili a ted institutio ns. A full-time faculty or staff member will be gran ted a reba te of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the es ta blished full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the fulltime faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, wi th justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finan ce Office, Abbott Hall, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for th e r ebate ch ecks at the Division of Student Fin ance, Abbott Hall, o n e day before their tuition bills become due. R ebate checks are app licable on tuition charges only, a nd cannot be accep ted in payment of oth er fees. STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashi er's Office, Abbott H all, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only co unter checks aga inst their deposits, payable to themselves. Ther e is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS, AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE If a student has the ability and motivation necessary for the study of law, the School is committed to providing all possible assistan ce so that h e can reach his educational goals. Through scholarships, loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students are able to complete their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial savings or outside financial aid. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately one-third of the School's entering students receive financial assistance in the form of scholarships or loans. The amounts of the awards vary from a portion of tuition to full tuition plus a stipend 65 �Generous physical facilities, and a student body of limited size , produce an atmosphe re condu cive to effecti ve study. for subsistence. Ordinarily an award of financial assistance to a first-year student is renewed as a m a tter of course for his seco nd a nd third year if he mainta ins a creditabl e class sta nding. All or part of an award may be made subj ect to an obligation of repayment after graduation . In these cases, repayment is ordinarily arranged on an installment b asis during the first few years following graduation. Interest does not accrue until the end of the firs t year after gradua tion , and thereafter the ra te is low. Awards of fin an cial assistance are made upon the basis of academic promise a nd need. Each appli cation is individually considered by a committee of facu lty members and each award is determined by an individual appraisal of the student's qualifica tions for Jaw study and m on e tary n eeds. For students of exceptional ab ility who h ave adequa te resources for Jaw study, a limited number of honorary sch olarships are awarded annu ally in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special sch olarships, described below, carry only a nomin al financial award, so that available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who oth erwise would be un able to stud y law. Application forms for scholarships and grants may be obtained by writing to the Office of Adm issions of the L aw School. Special application forms a re required for the Clarion DeWitt H ardy Scholarships, described below. 66 �An application for financial assistance need not accompany the application for admission, but should be submitted early to assure consideration before funds are committed. The available funds are: Clarion D eWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Scholarships providing for tu ition, and for an additional amount of up to $1,000 for expenses, depending upon the needs of the student, are ava ilable for several students in each entering class. The amount is sufficient, with average summer earnings, to enable the student to meet all typical costs of an academic year. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion De,,Vitt Hardy of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in l 948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profess ion includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Funds are provided b y the Owen L. Coon Foundation, and the Hardy Scholarship Committee of the facu l ty administers the program. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Several scholarships which may carry stipends in excess of full tuition are available for well-qualified students in the School of Law. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine . .Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A gift of $20,000 from Charles Weinfeld in 1954 established a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for 67 �such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. The amount granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the School, is for the purpose of paying tuition or other expenses. Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assista nce in order to obtain a good legal education. Frederic R. D e Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illnois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a scholarship, through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided a nnually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915, to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Class of 1937 Scholarship. From a fund established by the Class of 1937, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to a student deserving of financial assistance. W ellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total of $22,000 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $225 has been established and is awarded annually. 68 �Tau Epsilon Rho Scho larship. The Chicago Gradua te Ch ap ter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who h as shown great improvement in scholarship du ring the second year as compared with the first year. The faculty of the School of Law, in selecting th e recipient, may give consideration to financial n eed. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University sch olarships and grants yielding amounts varying according to demonstrated need. Mahlon Ogden W est Book Fund . A fund was es tablish ed by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during h is freshman year at th e School of Law, by a male sch olarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financia l ass ista nce, who is to be selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the graduating class of 1954 is award ed annually to a student who is in need of financial assistance. Farmers I nsurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, h as expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, su ch amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for the las t academic year was $750. Ernest U. Schroeter Scho larship Fund. From the income of a gift of Ernest U. Schroeter, Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial n eed may be deserving of financial assistance. Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scho larship Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late T h ad M. Talcott, Class of 1896, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability who is in need of finan cial assistance. Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E . Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs . P. Goff Beach , Jr. , is awarded annually to a d eserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for su ch a id , would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested in the Law School during much of his di stinguished career. Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H . Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student 69 �at the School of Law ( I 908-09), Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams, his wife, has established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars. The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status, but confer only a nominal financial award. The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy student in this Law School who is in need of financial assistance. LOANS In addition to the financial assistance awarded in advance of the academic year in the form of repayable grants, loan funds are available during the course of the year to students enrolled in the School. Loans are without interest until one year after graduation; thereafter, interest accrues at the rate of 2½ or 3 per cent, depending upon the source of funds. These funds are devoted primarily to the needs of students who encounter an unexpected change of financial circumstance. Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N . Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds. The most recent addition is the Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro Fund. In December, 1961, Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert Shapiro made a gift of $6,800 to the Law School to be used to provide repayable grants to deserving law students in need of financial assistance. EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to master and to work with a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given and grades are 70 �based upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions. Students who are eligible but who, for good reason, are unable to take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be given a special examination. The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 60 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 60 is received. A student who, at the end of any term after his first term in School, has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. At the option of the instructor, grades in courses and seminars in which no examination is given may be recorded simply as P (Pass) or F (Failure). HONORS AND PRIZES Since its beginnings, the Law School has been dedicated to the encouragement and recognition of legal scholarship. In 1907, the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than 45, established in most of the leading law schools. The tradition of original and enduring scholarship and the devotion to excellence manifested in the founding of the Order of the Coif permeate the activities of the School. Exemplifying the Law School's emphasis on scholarship are the many honors and awards recognizing superior accomplishment. THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Law Review is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern Uni71 �At commencement, graduates enter th e ranks of the legal profession , choosing am ong its numerous branches. Frequent personal contacts between students and faculty often result in associations last ing beyond graduation. To renew school friendships , alumni gather annually for a dinner a nd a report on Law School progress . �versity Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership in the board is one of the highest honors a student can attain in the School of Law. WIGMORE KEY Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of the Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the faculty. THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0 . Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of a competition designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. THE HYDE PRIZE The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms an award cup and a copy of the Illinois Law of Future Int erests by Carey and Schuyler are presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. A WARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but during the award year it is placed in the custody of the winner after his name and the date of award have been engraved on it. After 10 years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. CLASS OF 1956 PLAQUE To recognize outstanding legal scholarship the Class of 1956 has provided a bronze plaque on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his Law School course. The plaque is on di.splay in the School of Law. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a certificate and a prize of $ l00 annually, as an honor and 73 �reward to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS The publishers of American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication, covering a particular subject, as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually. THE UNITED STATES LAW WEEK A WARD A year's complimentary subscription to Law Week is awarded to the senior student in law who in the judgment of the faculty committee has made the most satisfactory progress between his third and fifth semesters. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements for the degree for which he is a candidate. The principal first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor (JD.). It is conferred upon students who have earned a bachelor's degree from an approved college or university before beginning law study and who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law, including the required courses described on pages 28-29. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this School. When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded "With Distinction" or "With Highest Distinction." Students admitted under exceptional circumstances with three years of college work (see p. 59) receive the degree of Bachelor of Laws upon the satisfactory completion of the same course of study required for the degree of Juris Doctor. Such students who have completed three years of undergraduate work in the College of Liberal Arts of Northwestern University may receive the degree of Bachelor of Arts in accordance with the requirements of the College (see the University Register for particulars), upon the further satisfactory completion of 27 semester-hours of the firstyear courses in the School of Law, or upon the completion of such equivalent courses in the School of Law as may be approved by the faculties of the School of Law and the College of Liberal Arts. Other students admitted upon the basis of three years of college study may be 74 �awarded the degree of Bachelor of Science in Law upon the satisfactory completion of the first year of work in the School of Law. Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study, below. GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners, an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers, and prospective law teachers, interested in advanced study and original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to engage in comparative legal research. Inquiries concerning graduate study should be addressed to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. No application fee is required of foreign applicants for admission to graduate study. ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science are matters which rest within the discretion of the Graduate Committee. Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements. Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they have a good command of written and spoken English. DEGREES Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, 75 �this requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also such students must fulfill the following requirements: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 10 semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first degree in law. During their year of residence, graduate students will be required to maintain a superior scholarship record. Each graduate student's course program is individually planned in light of the student's choice of a thesis topic. Also, students who have not previously taken Jurisprudence and Comparative Law will be required to enroll in these seminars. To the extent necessary to establish a background for their research, the Graduate Committee may, in its discretion, require graduate students to take course and seminar work in addition to the minimum prescribed above. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's thesis must be of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review or The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. (c) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. Doctor of Juridical Science (S.].D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equivalent requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor, and who have fulfilled the following requirements: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence at this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. (c) The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. (d) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty. It is the policy of the faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and 76 I �who, through their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work. Candidates for this degree are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity to instruct students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the faculty. TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study appears on page 63 of the Bulletin. The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition and fees) should approximate $1,3 00 to $ 1,400. Accommodations for unmarried graduate students are available on the University's Chicago campus. The Law School has no funds available for travel expenses of graduate students, and it is necessary for those accepted for graduate study to make their own arrangements through the Fulbright program or otherwise. GRADUATE FELLO\VSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In I 957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. The sum of $6,000 a year is specifically made available for graduate fellowships for foreign lawyers and students. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies as their major interest are given preference in the awarding of these Ford Fellowships. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean Wigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For more than 10 years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The school has also offered seminars in International Organization , Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant, the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, a seminar in International Business Transactions, and a seminar on European Economic Organizations. The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal study, including International Legal Studies. 77 �The amount of these fellowships is three thousand dollars ($3,000). From these amounts, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in nine installments, the first being available on October 1. In addition, the General Electric Foundation, in I 961 and again in 1962, made a grant of $5,000 for research in the field of International Law. A fellowship is conferred for this purpose. FELLOWSHIPS IN CRIMINAL LAW A grant in 1958 to the Law School by the Ford Foundation contains provisions for a program of graduate study in criminal law. The grant provides that six fellowships may be awarded annually. Two of these fellowships are for graduates of foreign law schools. Generally, persons receiving these fellowships are candidates for the degree of Master of Laws. A primary aim of this graduate program is the improvement of criminal justice through the development and training of outstanding persons interested in devoting their talents primarily to teaching and writing in the field of criminal law and administration. The program is also open to persons interested in additional study as preparation for or in furtherance of careers in other areas of the administration of criminal justice. In selecting the fellows, considerable weight is given to the applicant's scholastic record and attainments both in law school and in college. Consideration also is given to the applicant's interest in the field of criminal law and his plans for the future with respect to that interest. Although actual experience in some area of the administration of criminal justice is not required for admission to the program, such experience is, of course, helpful in demonstrating the applicant's genuine interest in the field. The amount of each American fellowship is $4,000; the foreign fellowships provide a stipend of $3,000. From these amounts, tuition and fees are deducted. The amount of the fellowship award, after these deductions, is paid in nine installments, the first being available on October l . GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional information concerning the fellowship programs described above, including applica tion requirements, filing deadlines, and award dates, may be obtained b y writing to the Office of Admissions of the Law School. Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Also, fellowships are granted for one year only. 78 �None of the graduate fellowships described above contains provisions for travel expenses. Students must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the time of arrival until October 1. TEACHING ASSOCIATES Four Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. Each one devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with written work. The balance of his time is available at the option of each associate for research and class work toward a graduate degree or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the faculty. PLACEMENT At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a Placement Office under faculty direction. Through general announcements to the profession and particular inquiries, the Placement Office gathers information on professional opportunities and openings. The Alumni Association of the Law School, through its Committee on Placement, assists in the program by obtaining information from the alumni of the School and other practicing attorneys concerning available positions. The Placement Office compiles a complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep the students' information current. It has been repeated in each generation that the bar is overcrowded. But the demand for well-trained able young lawyers has not diminished, and the rising level of starting salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year, the Placement Office receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies for man y times the number of available graduates. Naturally, most of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large firms and in individual practice, Iorthwestern graduates rank as leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession as well as their clients, they h ave occupied the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations. Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a strong tradition of public service, a number of men in each graduating 79 �class accept positions with government, at the national, state, or local level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, these men are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of government service, many enter private practice, where their experience in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and attain high public office, elective or appointive. The roster of Law School alumni includes governors and United States Senators, cabinet members, department heads, and diplomats; mayors, attorneys-general, and prosecutors; legislators and government advisors. The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: In more than half the presidential campaigns of the past 65 years a Law School alumnus has been either the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the two major parties. In the judiciary, Northwestern men have served with distinction on the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of the federal and state courts. Openings in the field of law teaching are not numerous, and the financial rewards are not great. Through the years, Northwestern, for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of education. An expanding field of opportunity, beyond the limits of tradition al practice, is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance. In increasing recognition of the values of legal training, corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise have come to seek Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive positions as well. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in many of the nation's largest corporations in such field s as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing. From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law School Placement Office to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to arrange the necessary con tacts. Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout 80 �In this century , four disti ngui shed scho la rs and educators have led Northwestern ' s School of Law. Dean John Ritchie assum ed th e post in 1957. Informa l confere nces with faculty membe rs comp lement regular cou rse work. 81 �the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement Office arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices, government agencies, and corporate headquarters. A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction and recommendation are furnished. Beyond its service to current graduates, the Law School Placement Office also handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are seeking a change of position. 82 �THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over the years the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni. Commemorating the Law School's centennial, they contributed substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general program of the School. Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number serve as judges both in the Moot Court program and in the voluntary appellate advocacy competition. In addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work or addressing student groups. They render invalua ble assistance in connection with the placement program. Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest speaker. Also, a faculty-alumn i luncheon is held in Chicago each fall. Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic year 1961-62 were: OFFICERS, 1961-62 President . ... . ... . .. . ..... .... . . . . . . . .. .. . . ... .... . . STUARTS . BALL First Vice President . .. ... . .. . .... . . . .... .. ... ... C. IvEs WALDO, JR. Second Vice President .. . . . . . ..... . . . .. . .... . . .. . .. . PAUL W. CUTLER Third Vice President ... . .... . . . .. .. . . .. .. . . .... . .. WILLIS D. NANCE Secretary .. . . ... . . . .... . .. ... . .... .. .. . . . ..... EDGAR VANNEMAN, JR. T reasurer . .... . .. . ... .... . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .... . CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Imm ediate Past President . .... . .. .. . . ....... . . .. . J u u u s J. HOFFMAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS HERBERT C. BROOK, P . DAWN CLARK, '32 '52 '22 JEROME L. ETTLESON, '41 ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '32 NEWTON P. FRYE, JR., '46 BERNARD M. EPSTEIN, PA UL J. FURLO. G, CRA1 E C. HA USER, BAR, ET HODES, ESTHER 0. '21 KEGAN , '47 '50 HENRY KENOE, TIMOTHY G. '31 LOWRY, LLOYD M. McBRIDE, WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK, WILLIS E>. '20 '48 w. O'BRIEN, '50 D. SHAPIRO, '52 '39 NANCE, RICHARD J. NELSON, PATRICK HAROLD JOHN PAUL STEVENS, '36 '29 '34 JOSEPH H. WRIGHT, '47 '19 83 �REGISTER OF UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSIT IES Graduates Enrolled in The Law School 1961 -62 Albion College . ... .... . . . . ..... . Amherst College . . . . . . . . .... . Augustana Coll ege ... . . . .. . . . . . .... . Bay lor Un iversity .... . . .... . ..... . . . Beloit Coll ege ....... ... . . .... . . .. . . Black burn College . .. . . .... ... . Bowling Green State U n iversi ty .... . Bradley University ....... .... . . . . . . Brigham Young University ..... . ... . Brown U niversi ty .......... . Ch icago Teachers Coll ege .... . . .. . Ci ty College of New Yor k . ... . .. . . . Colby Coll ege . .. . ....... . ..... . . . . . Colgate University ..... . .. . . Coll ege of the Holy Cross . .. ... .... . College of St. Thomas ......... .... . Coll ege of W illiam & Mary . . .. . . .. . Colorado State College . . . . . Cornell Universi ty . . . . . . . . ....... . Culver-Stockton College .... . Dartmouth College . . . . . .. . . Denison University De Paul University .. . De Pa uw University ... . . . . ........ . Drake University .......... . . Duke University .... . .. . . .. . . E lmh urst Co llege ..... . . . . . Florida Southern College .... . Georgetown University ......... .. . . George Washington Un iversity ..... . Gri nnell College . . . . . . ....... . Ha rvard Un iversity . . . . . ... . . . . . Hofstra College ... . ...... .. .. . Illinois Insti t u te of Techno logy Illin ois Wesleyan Unive rsity ........ . Indiana University ........... . .... . John Carroll Un iversity .. . ... . . . .. . Kala mazoo College .. . . .. .... . . . . .. . Ka nsas State Un iversity . . .. . ... . ... . Knox College . ...... . ...... . .. . .. . . . Lake Forest College .. . . . .. . .. . . . ... . Lamar St. College of Technology ... . Loras College ..... . . . .. . ..... . ..... . Loyola Un iversity ............ . . .... . Marquette Un iversity . ... . .. . ..... . . 84 2 3 5 1 3 l 7 3 l 2 2 2 l 5 2 8 3 5 2 I 4 2 5 6 l 2 l 3 6 I 2 5 l 7 8 2 Me mphis State University .......... . I M iami Universi ty . ... . . 3 M ichigan College of Mini ng & Technology ................. . . . . . Mich igan State Un iversity . . ....... . Mon mo u th College . .. . ..... . . .. .. . . Mo n tana State College .. . ..... . .. . . . I Nationa l Taiwan Un iversity ...... . . . 2 Nebraska ,vesleyan U nivers ity ... . . . New York University .... . ......... . 2 North Central College .. . . . . . . .... . . l North western U n iversity ... . . . . .... . 74 Oberlin Coll ege . . . . . . .. . . .. . . Oh io State University ............ . . l O hio Wesleyan Univers ity . . . ... .. . . 2 Park College ..... . ....... . . . . . .... . Pri nceton University . .... . ... . . . ... . 6 T h e Princip ia Co ll ege 3 Prov idence Coll ege ...... . .. . . . . ... . l Pu rd ue Univers ity ..... . .. . . 2 Q ui ncy College ... . Ripon College . .. . l Roosevelt University ............. . . . 5 ... . . . . . ... .. .. . 1 St. John's Co ll ege ............ . 2 St. Joseph's College St. Louis Un ivers ity . . .. . . .. .. ... . . l St. Ma ry's Co llege . . . .. .... . . ..... . 1 St. O laf Coll ege .. . . . .. . ..... . 3 Sh imer College . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . Skidmore Coll ege ............. . .... . Sm i th Co llege . . .. . . . .. . . . ...... .. . Southern Il li nois University ..... .. . . 1 Spring H ill Co ll ege . . . . . . ... . ... . 2 Stan ford Un iversity ..... ... . 2 State Un iversity of Iowa ... .. . ...... . Susq uehanna Univers ity . . .. . ...... . Tu la ne U ni versity ......... . . . .. . .. . l Unio n College .... . .. . 2 U .S. Merchant Marine Academy ... . . U.S. Nava l Academy ...... . ........ . University of Arizo na ........... .. . . Un iversity of Bonn .. . ... . . .. . . .... . Un iversity of Ca liforn ia ..... . . . .. . . 1 Universi ty of Ch icago ..... ......... . 3 (Continued) �U ni ve rsity of Co lora do 4 University of Co nn ec ti cu t U ni ve rsity of Dubuque Unive rsity of I ll inoi s .. 46 Uni versity o[ Ka n sas Un iversity o[ Khartoum U ni ve rsity o[ Louisvi ll e U niversity o f M ia mi . . . 5 U ni ve rsity of M ichi ga n . ..... . .... 19 Uni versity of Minnesota U ni ve rsity o f New D e lhi U ni ve rsity o[ Nor th Caro li na 2 Un ive rsity of Notre Dame 25 Un iversity o[ Pen n sy lva ni a 2 Un ive rsity of R och este r ... Un ivers ity of So uth e rn Ca li fornia U ni ve rsity o[ Western A u stra li a ... U ni versity of Wisconsin IO Va lparaiso U ni versi ty Vassar Coll ege .... . Wartb urg Co ll ege Wash ington U ni vers ity . . . . .. . . . W es tminster Coll ege West Virgin ia U nive rsit y . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Wheaton Co ll ege . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Wi lli a ms Co ll ege ...... .. . ....... .. . Xav ier Un ivers ity .. . .. . .. . . 5 Yale U niversity . . . . . . . . . . . Tota l univers it ies and co ll eges represe nted . . ..... I 16 85 �CALENDAR FOR 1962-63 1962 SEPT. SEPT. 18 Tu esda y, 1 :30 P.M. RegisLration and orientation for new students. Thursday Classes begin. Nov. 20 22-24 Thursday-Saturday Thanksgiving recess. DEC. 17-1 9 Monday-Wednesday Registration for spring semester for students currently enrolled. DEC. 20 Thursday Christmas r ecess begins. 3 18 Thursday Friday Classes close. JAN. 21 Monday Examination period begins. JAN. FEB. 30 Wednesday Examination period closes. JAN. 1963 JAN. APR IL 4 9-12 Classes resume. Monday Second semester classes begin. Tu esday-Friday Registration for fall semester for students currently enrolled. Spring recess begins. APR IL 13 Saturday APR IL 22 Monday Classes resume. MAY 24 Friday Classes close. Monda y Examination period begins. MAY 27 JUNE 5 JUNE Wednesday Exami nation p eriod closes. 15 Saturday ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTH ANNUAL COMMEN CEMENT. JUNE 17 Monday Registration for summer term. JUNE 18 Tuesday Summer term classes begin. JULY AUGUST 4 9 AUGUST 12-15 Thursday Holiday. Friday Classes close. Monday-Thursday Examination period. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are h eld Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The Law School Buildings are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, from 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and from 2:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. 86 �DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries should be addressed to the offices listed below. The post office address, except where indicated, 1s LAw Northwestern University 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago 11 , Illinois SCHOOL OF Admission ...................... . .. . . Office of Admissions General information ... . Administrative Assistant to the Dean Part-time employment for students ...... Placement Secretary or University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall 337 East Chicago Avenue Chicago 11, Illinois Placement service for graduates ......... Placement Secretary Scholarships ... ........ .. ...... .... . . Office of Admissions Student bills and fees . .. .. . .... . Division of Student Finance Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore D rive Chicago 11 , Illinois Transcript of records . .. .. . .. . .... . .. . ... .. .. . .. Registrar Veterans .... .. ............ ... . . . Veterans Education Office Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore D rive Chicago 11, Illinois 87 �INDEX Abbott Hall , 54 Activiti es, St ud ent, 51 Admission , 58 Adm iss ion , Gradu a te Studv 75 Alumni Association, 83 '' Application for Admi ssion , 59 Bachelor of Laws, 74 Bachelor of Science in Law, 74 Bookstore, ">2 Bui ldings, 14 Ca lendar, 86 Ca mp us, Profession al , 13 Case Method, 24 Classes, Typical Schedule, 21 Classroo ms, 14 Coif, Ord er of, The, 71 Coon , Owen L. , Libra ry, 16 Courtroom , 16 Criminal Law Program , 45 Curriculum , 29 Degrees, 74 Degrees, Grad uate St ud y, 75 Directory for Correspondence, 87 Doctor of Juridi ca l Sc ience, 76 Exa min a ti ons, 70 Faci li ties, Student, 19 Fa culty and Staff, 7 Faculty, Nature of, 23 Fees, 63 Fell ows hi ps, 77 Fin anc ia l Arrangen 1e11Ls, 64 Fra te rnit ies 1 53 Cary, Elbert H., Library, 16 Grades, 70 Graduate Study in Law, 75 H ealth Service, 57 H o no r Code, 51 Honors and Prizes, 71 Hours of Cred it, Ma ximum Amount, 29 I nstruction. Course of, 20 Instruction, Method of, 24 Interna ti onal Legal Studies P rogram, 45 Journ al of Criminal Law, Criminology and Poli ce Science, 50 88 Junior Bar Association , 51 Juris Doctor, 74 Legal Cli nic, 29 Legal Publications. 49 Libraries, 16; Staff, 9 Linthicum Fo und ation Program , 43 Loans, 70 Location of Law School , 12 Master of La ws, 75 Mayer, Levy , Hall, 14 McCorm ick, Robert R. , Hall, 14 Moot Co urt, 50 Northweste rn University Law Review , 49 Officers, U niversity, 7 Placement, 79 P racti ce Co urses, 27 Pre-legal Study, 61 Problem Method, 26 R ebates to Faculty, Staff a nd Instru ctors, 65 Refund s, 64 R egister of U ndergraduate Coll eges a nd Universiti es, 84 Required Courses, 28 Residence, Stud ent, 54 R osent hal L ectures, 4 1 Schedu les a nd Hours, 86 Scholarsh ips, Gra nts and Financial Assist• ance, 65 Se min a r Rooms, 15 Sem in a rs, Genera l Discu ssion, 27 Staff, 9 SLud ent Activities, 51 Studen t Deposit Account, 65 Student Health Service, 57 Student Wives, 53 Teaching Associates, 79 T hree-Year Curri culum, Explanation , 22 Traditions, 10 Transfer Applications, 60 Trial Techniq ue, Trial Practice, Limit to Enrollm ent, 29 Tu ition, 63 Tu itio n , Grad uate Study, 63 Withdrawal a nd Refunds, 64 �CALENDAR 1963 1962 s M 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 s M AUGUST T w T l 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30 F 3 10 17 24 31 SEPTEMBER T w T F s 4 ll 18 25 s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 s 7 l4 21 28 OCTOBER T w T F s 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 l 5 l 6 l 7 18 19 20 22 23 24 25 26 27 29 30 31 M NOVEMBER T w T F s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11121314151617 18192021222324 25 26 27 28 29 30 s M s M DECEMBER T w T F s l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415 161718192021 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 1963 JANUARY T w T F s l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 l l 12 131415 16 171819 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 s M s M FEBRUARY T w T F s s M s M 7 14 21 28 l 8 15 22 29 MARCH T w T s M M F s 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL w T F s l 2 3 4 5 6 78910111213 14 15 l 6 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 s M s M 5 6 12 13 19 20 26 27 T MAY w T 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30 T F 3 10 17 24 31 s 4 11 18 25 F s l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9101112131415 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 l 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 s JUNE w T T 4 5 111 2 18 19 25 26 JULY w T F s 2 3 4 5 6 910111213 16 17 18 19 20 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 T AUGUST T w T F s l 2 3 6 7 8 910 1314151617 20 21 22 23 24 27 28 29 30 31 1 8 15 22 29 SEPTEMBER T w T F s 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 l 7 18 19 20 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 30 s M s M OCTOBER T l 6 7 8 13 14 15 20 21 22 27 28 29 w 2 9 16 23 30 T 3 10 17 24 31 F 4 11 18 25 s 5 12 19 26 �'l'{_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO II c~anston ·Campus 12 miles north cS Children's ...Memorial Hospital 2 f'; mi. by ".[' I i N._rwbtr i .[ibrary i l IT:;lmj 111 ·SUPERIOR STREET HURON STREET -CErjEN..."D 1. WARD MEMORIAL BUILD ING 2. WIEBOLDT HALL 3. LAW SCHOOL QUADRA NG LE 4. THORNE HALL 5. A BBOTT HALL 6. PATTERSON ~IEMOR IAL BUILDING ( PASSA,V ANT HOSPITAL ) 7. WESLEY HOSP ITAL 8. Vt:TERANS ADM I NISTRATION RESEARC H 1-IOSP IT AL 9. MORTON MEDI CAL RESEA RCH BUILDI NG 10. DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISl\1 ELEVIITED LINE S sus LI NES JACKSO~ BL VD . .[a Salle~ Statio11 (jra11d Central Station I 'Dearborn Sta;ion I ll l'IELD MUSELJ,I\ SOLD IER FIELD M ADLER pu1NETARIU SHEDD AQUARI UM \h MIL£ ! SOUT}f �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSIT Y Evanston and Chicago, Illinois COLLEGE OF LIBER AL A RTS-Evanston: Fo ur-year co urse lead in g to th e degree of Bach elor of Arts. Also sp ecial preparation fo r admissio n to pro fessional schools. SCHOOL O F BUSINESS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelo, of Science in Business Admi n istration. Chicago: Graduate study in business leading to the degree of Mas ter of Business Adminis tra tion. SCHOOL OF EDUCATIO N-Evansto n : Fo ur-yea r co urse leading to the degree of Bach elor of Science in Edu cation . MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOU R NA LISM-Evanston: Five-year course leadin g to the degree of Master of Science in Journ alism ; d egree of Bachelor of Science in J ourn alism obtainable on completion of fo ur-year course. SCHOOL OF M U SIC-Evanston: Four-year courses lea din g to th e degrees of Bach elor of M usic and Bach elor of Music Edu cation ; grad uate co urses leading to the degrees of Mas ter of M usic a n d Doc tor o f Music. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston: Four-year course leading to th e degree of Bachelor of Science in Sp eech . T ECHNOLOGICAL I N STITUTE-Evanston: Five-year coop era tive co urse, combining academi c work with work in industry, or fo ur-year p rogram omi ttin g coopera tive work assignm ents, leading to th e degree of Bachelor of Scien ce in Ch emi ca l, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mech anical E ngin eerin g, or Bachelor of Science in Science-Engin eerin g. Fo r information reo-a,·ding any u nclergraclua. te school of the University, write to the D irector al' A dmissions, Nort hwestern Un iversity, Evanston, I llinois GRADUAT E SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago: Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields, leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Science, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degree of Master of Business Administration is administered by the Graduate School of Busi ness Adm inistration, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in J ournalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) D ENT AL SCHOOL -Ch icago: Four-year course (op en to stu den ts who h ave h ad two years in coll ege) leading to th e degree of Doctor of_ D en tal Su rgery. Als~ two-year co urse for women h igh schoo l gradu a tes leadm g to th e Diploma as Den tal Hyg1e111st. G radu a te and postg raduate studi es for q ualifi ed dentists. SCHOOL OF L AW -Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degree of J uris Doctor for college graduates. By attending summ er terms a student may obtain a degree in twentyeigh t months. Also advanced study and research leading to the degrees of Master of Laws and Doctor of J urid ica l Science. MEDICA L SCHOOL-Chicago: Fo ur-year course (op en to stud en ts wh o h ave co mpleted at least th ree years of college and certain other p rerequisites), which leads to th e degree of Doctor of Medi cin e; degree of Bachelor of Scien ce in Medicine gran ted after compl etion o f first yea r. Also prog-ra ms lead in g to the degrees of Bach elor of Science in N u rsin g, Bachelor of Science in P h ysical T herap y, and Bach elor of Science in Medical Technology . EVENIN G DIVISION S-Evanston and Ch ica.go: Evening studies leadin g to certifi cates in edu cation , liberal arts, and busin ess; a nd p rograms leading to th e degrees of Bach elor of B usin ess Administra tion , Bach elor of Scien ce in Edu ca tion , and to th e liberal arts degrees of Bachelor o f Philosophy and Bach elor of Scien ce in General Edu cation. Administers gradu ate studi es for the G radu a te School in edu ca tio n a nd liberal ar ts fields . SUMMER SE SSION-Evanston and Ch ica.go: Summer co urses, for graduate and und ergradu a te st udents, in lib eral arts, busin ess, edu cation , journalism, law, music, and sp eech . For inforrnation regarding any other schoo l of the Univ ersity, write to the Dean of that school ��--------- ��September 11, 1962 To: Dean Ri ... chie, Faculty end Staff Fromi Eleanor B. Williams Subjectz Error in Bulletin 1962-63 It has been called to my att1:Jntio11 that there is an errox• in the 1962-63 Bulletin on Page 63. The second lin of the p~ragraph on the Candidates for the SeJ.D. and LL.M. dogree is complete1.,~ wrong, and the parag1 aph should read as 1"ollm11st 1 Candidates for the s.J.D. and Lt. M. degree who have done full-time gr-sdUEJte work at this University for two semeste~s are charged the R s:tdent in Research fee unless they take courses o:r seminars, in which event they are charged at the rate of $ a cred lt-hour. ,o ew � https://plrccollections.org/files/original/8b98d200ea517b677220af73ae2f08b9.pdf 7833d137886fc441082bdfc52a614988 PDF Text Text NORTifwESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Class Schedule - First Semester 1962-63 8:30 - 9:25 Propertr !>< (Schuyler) c§ Property2 ts ::E: (Coons) Intellectual Property (Rahl) >-------- !>< (I) I'.« !>< 3: Prop~rti!: Property-2 Intellectual: Property 10:50 - 11:45 9:40 - 10:35 1.,egal Writin Contracts Il. (Roalfe) ( Havighurst) IT'rade Relations Torts I 2 (Rahl) (Pedrick) Decedents' Ests. and Trusts (Ritchie) Commercial Law nl rl'rade Relations Contracts I 1 Torts I 2 Decedents' Ests. Civil Procedure1 (Reese) and Trusts Commercial Law IIJ Civil Procedure 2 (Trumbull) (Kaplan) ~riminal Law1 Contrac~s I 1 Adn4nistrative Law-1- (Nathanson) Torts I rf (Sowle) riminal Law2 Decedents' Ests. Administrative (Inbau) and Trusts Law2 (Rosenblum) Trade Relations jCivil Procedure1 . Labor Relations tivil Procedure 2 1 (Fillman) 1 Income Taxation2 Income Taxation !Admiralty (Kirby) (MacChesney) Decedents t Ests. Propertyl and Trusts Propert;.-2 cl Administrative (I) 1aw1 Trade Relations r:r: §:l Administrative E-< Law2 Labor Relations Income Taxationl !>< 'criminal Law1 Criminal Law2 Civil Procedurel Civil Procedure2 Income Taxation2 (Kirby) li\dmiralty 11:50 - 12:45 Make- ups 1:30 - 2:25 Corporationsl (Ruder) Corporations 2 (Fillman) Trial Practice (Hanley) 2:1+0 - 3 :35 3 :50 - 4: 45 *2:JO - 4:20 Contracts 1~2.c___ __•- -·- - - - - - -(Havi~urst) Torts I (Pedrick) *Legislation - Trumbull Contracf s Torts I Make-ups Make-ups Make-.ups LEC'IURE Contracts II (Coons) Corporations1 Corporations2 Debtor-Creditor (Nekam) Contracts II Corporationsl Corporations2 Debtor-Creditor i::: Accounting (Brady) *Int 'l Business Trans. - Nekam *Law & The Ind. Society - Ruder *Fiduciary Administration - Kirby Contracts Torts I r2 *Government & Land - Reese *Administrative Law Seminar Nat!ranson *Criminal Law Seminar - lnbau Accounting #Trial Technique (Goldstein) *Estate Planning - Pedrick *International Law - MacChesney Contracts II Le gal Writing2 Propert~ Professional Criminal Law1 Corporations1 Property-2 Responsibility Criminal Law2 Corpor ations2 !>< Administrative (Trumbull) 1Civil Procedure1 Debtor- - Creditor cl Lawl i vil Proc edure22 \:2 Administrative Income Taxation Make-ups µ.., 1aw2 dmiral ty J -· Labor Relations f *Jurisprudence - R~senblum.ull . 1 l Income T~ _at_i_·o_n_-::-~ "7":"-:----~ ...-- --:---:---:--·•- -A.i ~--"."""----....&..----------...l(__*C_omm_e_rc_i_·al __L_a:_w_II _ _-_Tr_um_b_ __ Note: Roman numerals indicate course s. Arabic numerals indicate sections of the same course. #Class begins at 4:30. f I l �NORI'HWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW Class Schedule - Second Semester 1962-63 8:30 - 9:25 Future Iriterests 1 (Schuyler) Est. & Gif't Ta:x:2 If (Kirby) Insurance ,.. o (Smith) • Future Interest~L Est• & Gif't Tar Insurance 9:40 - 10:35 I 10:50 - 11:45 Constitutional I.aw1 Constracts rr2 (Nathanson) (Havighurst) Constitutional Civil Procedural (Rosenblum) (Reese) Professional I Conflicts & Int 11 Responsibility i Law (Trumbull) f (MacChesney) taw2. . I Constitutional I.aw~ · contracts II~ Constitutional 11_w.:: · Civil Procedure 1 Real Est. Trans. Conflicts & Int 11 (Coons) Law Commercial (Trumbull) Family Law (Nekam) ~t ! t Agency1 i Future Interests2 ij (Sc£uyler) >ii Evidence ~ / Restitution I!! ~1 1 } i Agency1 f- Future Interests 2 ; Evidencel t · :;;:;!' Rest '•t J. u ion Real Est. Trans •1 Commercial Family I.aw raw2 Make-ups · Contract~ II2 Evidence (Fillman) Conflicts & Int'l ~w Constitutional I.aw;· Evidence 2 Constitutional 11_W-:: Real Est. Trans. Commercial Law2 Comparative Iaw - Nekam Estate Planning - Kirby & Pedrick 2 Constitutional Ia~ Evidence Constitutional I.aw.:: Conflicts & Int 11 Real Est. Tran2s.1 I.aw Commercia · 1 J.t:lw T-.., Family law I ~:40 - :,::,5 1:30 - 2:25 3:50 - 4=45 il2:30 - 4:20 1 1 ·1 Torts II Contract~II -(Ha~ i(;hurst) Moor lj (Rah.l) Torts Ir-- (Kanl1rn) COURl' I j Real Est. Trans.2 Est.& Gii't ;ax1- (0 edrick) (Ruder 1 (Ka plan) Civil Proc • - (Re~se ) & Fillman) J Commercial Iew1 __________I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , (Trumbull) Trial Practice (Hanley) . r.aw2 Agency1 (Ruder) Evidence1 I (Fillman) ~ ,• Restitution (Erens) 11:50 - 12:45 Make-ups Make-ups Make-ups SEMINARS: 9:40-11:45 Yake-ups i!Corporation Finance - Garrett *Criminal Evidence - Inbau *Labor Law - Elson I l j l Contract~ IIL ! Torts rrEst. & Gill Tax1 l ·\ Civil Procedure 2 l ; *Anti-Trust Law - Rahl 1 tcivil Liberties - Nathanson & RosenblUlD. ] *I.aw & Emerging Societies - Coons 1 & Bohannan ~cture 1Contract~ Agenc{(Ruder) Torts II Real Est. Tran~. 2 Commercial Federal Jurisdiction *Corporation Finance - Shapiro (Reese) . *Int 11 Business Trans. - Pedrick *Prob. Bus. Income Tax.- Kirby I.er Agencf Torts Real Est .Trans 2 Commercial Law1 Federal Jurisdiction Agen~f Tarts 2 Real EstoTrans-r Commercial Law-'- J i r-------------------l' 3 1 ~-} . { 4:30 - Trial Technique (Goldstein) i *Int 11 I.aw - MacChesney iBtate & Local Gov't - Nathanson J & Rosenblum , ll· i:.-----------•-------.· iBcientific Evidence - Inbau *legal History - Schwerin &:l *Iaw Review - Havighurst iBpecial legal Clinic - - - ----.,.,.,.-~-.,. •.,...,...,._..,.........,,..___._,_,.,.,,__A_r""'a'·°b..,.i·"" '" c _n..,.,,-,,,,,e""" ra_l . s :tnd!ca+,,.e""' · ,_.s""'e_c,,,..,.. t ·i "" -o"" n..,; s ""o_r.,..,...t."":n:-1e.......s-am_e,,__c,...o""'ur ,=-,,se-;-----' Note: Roman numerals indicate courseso ..uu •u Rl ; � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1962-1963</div> Description An account of the resource <p>The annual bulletin (vol. LXII, no. 14) for the 1962-1963 academic year.</p> <p>One copy of this issue, previously owned by Dorothy Scarborough, Head of Book Selection in the library, included copies of the class schedules for the fall and spring semesters. They are included here.</p> Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1962-1963 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1962 March 5 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. Vol. LXII No. Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Chicago Ill. BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN THE LAW SCHOOL Location Professional Campus Law School Buildings Classrooms Seminar Rooms Courtroom Library Student Facilities Faculty Offices THE COURSE Of INSTRUCTION Classes Three Year Curriculum Faculty Methods Instruction Case Method Problem Method Seminars Practice Courses Required Courses Limitations Work Limited Enrollment Curriculum Supplemental Programs Rosenthal Lectures Linthicum Founda Program Criminal Law Program Program International Legal Studies THE STUDENT BODY Legal Publications Moot Court Competition Student Responsibility Junior Bar Association Honor Code Student Activities Recreation Social Activities Student Wives Student Residence Student Health Service THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM Admission Transfer Pre Study Tuition Fees Expenses Scholarships Grants Financial Assistance Examinations Grades Honors Prizes Degrees GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Admission Graduate Study Degrees Tuition Fees Expenses Graduate Fellowships International Legal Studies Criminal Law Teaching Associates PLACEMENT THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE INDEX MAP OF THE CHICACO CAMPUS . Research . Class . Public . OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAMS. KERR ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING LYNFORD E. KAUTZ WILLIAM C. BRADFORD JENS NYHOLM ALBA WEBER FRANK S. ENDICOTT FACULTY AND STAFF JoHN RITCHIE JoHN EDMUND CooNs JEFFREY ANDREW FILLMAN HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST ALFRED HILL FRED EDWARD INBAU VANCE NATHANIEL KIRBY BRUNSON MACCHESNEY PHILIP JOHN MURPHY NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK JAMES ANDREW RAHL HARRY BROWNE REESE WILLIAM ROBERT RoALFE DAvrn STURTEVANT RUDER HowARD RAYMOND SACKS DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER KuRT SCHWERIN Assistant Librarian CLAUDE RAYMOND SowLE WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL PAUL D. CARRINGTON Law MICHAEL H. CARDOZO Summer Session HENRY H. FosTER VIcTOR G. ROSENBLUM BRAHM BAITTLE WILLIAM WEBB BRADY ALEX ELSON JAY A. ERENS KARL DE SCHWEINITZ WALTER T. FISHER RAY GARRETT IRVING GOLDSTEIN ROBERT F. HANLEY ALBERT KEGAN Consumer Protective Legislation LUCILLE L EBERMAN WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK JuLIAN A. MILLER WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER HAROLD D. SHAPIRO KATHRYN D. SowLE ERNEST S. WOLF SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON TEACHING ASSOCIATES HARVEY M. ADELSTEIN STEPHEN C . DESCH EDWIN H. GREENEBAUM JAMES . IRWIN PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H . PEDRICK University Law Review CLAUDE R. SowLE Police Science KATHRY N D . SOWLE Law GRESHAM M. SYKES Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science FREDE. INBAU Criminology Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN JOANNE KAVOLIS GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS MAR ION MuRNER DOROTHY T. WHALLEY CYNTHIA PETERSON JoAN E. KUMOR IRENE S. BERNSTEIN SARAH F. HALPER KATHRYN G. HARDY GRACE T. MURAMOTO DOROTHY L COLLINS M CHALENE A. LASALLO SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE KuRT SCHWERIN DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E. TEIGLER Librarian IRIS J. WILDMAN DOROTHY KLOFKORN IDA M . OLSON ROMAN SAJEWICH ROMAN DMYTERKO JoHN L IGLAR KARIN A. ZIEGENHAGEN SELMA KRAHN MARY ANN HARRISON PAUL J. LUKASIEWICZ JosEPH E. ULLRICH PHILIP T . KALAYIL LAW STUDY Where ... David Dudley Field Law School . AT NORTHWESTERN School Law . Law School . Professional . Early Law School . Today Northwestern . School. Law School maill . Those . . School . Law School JO . . Northwestern . . School . Long > Law School . Jaw . With University Law School . II THE LAW SCHOOL . . . . Sir William Searle Holdsworth Law School Jun . Unlike . . More . . Professional . There . There . . LOCATION Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. To Grant Park . To Gold Coast . Near . A Chicago Loop . Here . Law School United States Court Appeals. Situated Law School . Frequent . PROFESSIONAL CAMPUS Law School University. Surrounding Law School Graduate School Business Administration Medical Dental Schools. Also Thorne Hall Abbott Hall . Living . Twelve University Evanston . Law School . Physically Law School . University . Outstanding Law School . Bounded L Michigan Law School . LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street. Levy H Elbert H. Gary Library . Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library School . Gothic English . Law School . Bordered . Law School . Medallions paHeled . Some Dean John H. Wigmore U States England Continent School . T . Both Robert R . McCormick Hall . CLASSROOMS Law School . These . . . Such Northwestern. . . £ . Lincoln Hall British House Commons . . SEMINAR ROOMS Law School . Here . . Notable £ School Wigmore Room . Installed Wigmore Counsellor Chorus Law School Dean Wigmore . MacChesney Hall . Williams Room . Two . COURTROOM School . Of Getz Courtroom . LIBRARY . Law School. Northwestern Law School Elbert H. Gary Library Owen L. Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street . Chicago . More . secl . . School. Included . . . School . To . . . During School . United States Great Britain Commonwealth English Ian Student . Study . . Anglo American . English . More . European Japan Latin American . Furthering . . Holdings . Roman . Law School University . 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PRACTICE COURSES One American . . . Law School . Prominent Legal Clinic. Northwestern . Under Clinic . Clinic . . During Court. Practicing . . . . . Most . To Law School . . . REQUIRED COURSES Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws . Law R Seminar Legal Clinic Law R Board Accounting Professional Responsibility International Law. Although . LIMITATIONS OF WORK Courses . A . A Dean . LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Technique Trial Practice . School Trial Technique Trial Prac . CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTR ACTS * M R. HAVIGHURST ]\/ . SHAPIRO · . Havighurst Cases Materials Law Con .. T . C RIMI NAL LAW \lIR. N BA U MR. SOWLE Concepts • . . Inba Sowle Cases Comments Criminal . LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH JVIR . RoALFE TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises . . Emphasis . Lectures . Roalfe How Find Law .. PROPERTY MR. SCHUYLER MR. COONS Introduction . Historical . . Fraser Cases R . Property .. TOR TS MR. PEDRICK Protection . Green Malone Pedrick Rahl Cases Torts. . SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY AND PARTNERSHIP JVIR. HILL JVIR. RUDER Consideration . Seavey R Hill Agency Partnership. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. NATHANSON JVIR. ROSENBLUM . Casebook . CONTRACTS II MR. HAVIGHURST MR. COONS . FUTURE INTERESTS MR. SCHUYLER Future Shelley . Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Int . MOOT COURT MR. RUDER MR. FILLMAN AND TEACHING ASSOCIATES . Stated Supreme Court Northwestern School . Appellate . Individual Teaching Associates. TORTS II MR. RAHL . Additional Green Malone Pedrick R Cases Injuries Relations. ACCOUNTING SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. BRADY Principles . Not . ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR. NATHANSON NIR. ROSENBLUM . Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Niaterials Gellhorn Byse Problems Administrative Law. CORPORATIONS MR. H ILL MR. RUDER Relations S.E.C. Baker Cary Cases J\ Corporations. CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. REESE Structure . . Scott R Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedu United Stal District Courts. . DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS MR. RITCHI E Intes . Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials D Estates T .. SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. R EESE . COMMERCIAL L AW MR. T RUMBULL Sales . Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Farnsworth Cases Negotiable Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition . EVIDENCE MR. FILLMAN T . Morgan Magu Ve Cases M. Evidence .. FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION MR. KIRBY MR. PEDRICK Federal Estate Gift Taxes . Pedrick Kirby Problems Cases Materials Federal Estate Gift Taxation . A Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Taxation . LEGAL CLINIC Optional MR. MURPHY Second Legal Clinic . . REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS MR. CooNs Transfer . Casebook . SEMI NAR S Second . MOOT CO UR T II T Mr. Ruder . . A . T Lowden \ \Tigmore . T School Nation Moot Court Competition . T New York City. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ADMIRAL TY MR. MACCHESNEY General . Jurisdi . Morrison Stumberg Cases Materia Admiralty . CO MMER CIAL LAW II MR. TRU MBULL Advanced . Uniform Commercial Code Text Comment Edition . DEBT OR CR EDIT OR R ELATIONS MR. NEKAM A . Federal Bankrup Act . Moore D Creditors R Cases Materials. FEDERAL INCOME T AXATJON MR. K IRBY T . Pedrick Kirb Problems Federal Income Taxation Surrey \/ Federal T Cases JVI. Student Ta Service. LABOR RELATIO NS MR. McKnTRICK Organ . . Mathews Labor R Cases Materials. TRADE RELATIONS ! MR. RAHL Federal . Oppenh Cases Federal Antitrust Laws Rahl SupjJlementary Cases Nlaterials Trade R . SEMINARS Criminal Law MR. NBA U A . Estate Planning MR. KIRBY MR. PEDRICK Alternative D Estates Trusts Corporations Future Interes Insuran R Estate Transactions Income Estate Gift Taxation. Practi . Fiduciary Administration MR. KIRBY An . Satisfactory Deced Estates Trusts . Government Land MR. R EESE Problems FHA . Intellectual Property iVIR . KEGAN . A . Fundamental . Administrati . Proprietary . Grants . Infringement . Pate . T . Probl . International Business Transactions MR. NEKAM . Mimeographed . International Law J\ R. MAcC ESNEY An . . Pamphlet . ]urisjJruclence iVIR. Ros£NBLU\ Intensive . . Northwestern . g . Materials Aristotle Austin Bentham M . Fuller Problems ]urisf . Law Industrial Society MR. R UDER An . A . Assigned . Legislation M R. TRUM BULL Primaril . . . . Transportation Public Uti MR. NATHANSON A . Auerbach Na Federal R Transportation . SECOND SEMESTER Courses . CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW MR. iVIAcC HESNEY Legal Constitution Act State . FAMILY LAW MR. NEKAM . Jacobs Goebel Cases Materials Domestic R .. Exploring . FEDER AL J U RISDICTION * MR. REESE H Jaw Supreme Co . H i Vechsler Federa Courts Federal System Th Judicial Co Ru Procedure Federa Courts. FEDER AL T AX POLICY J\fR. KIRBY M R. P E DRICK An Fed Income Taxation . A . INSURANCE LAW * MR. H A VIG H URST Forma Jaws . Go Cases L .. LEGAL CLINIC Parti Legal Clini Program Law R Board. Work R Sp Programs R Program MR. MURPHY Fifty Legal Aid Bureau Un Charities Chi West Madison Stree . T . A . SfJecial Program MR. SACKS MR. MURPHY Tra Lega Aid Bureau. Top . Legal Aid Bureau . A . Four Jun . Program Summer Session. Enrollment . One . . Mimeographed . PROFESSIONAL R ESPONSIBILITY MR. TRUMBULL Essential American . Discussions . R . Required . Trumbull Ma Lawyer Professional R . R ESTITUTION * MR. ERENS T . Durfee Dawson Cases Restitution. SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE MR. NBAU . Scientific . TRIAL PRACTICE MR. HANLEY An . . TRIAL TECHNIQUE MR. GOLDSTEIN Methods . Goldstein Trial Technique Goldstein Trial Practice Cases. SEMINARS Antitrust Law MR. RAHL Application . Discussion . Trade Relations . Civil Liberties Nloclern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON MR. ROSENBLUM A . Comparative Law MR. NEKAM A . . Proposed . Corporation Finance MR. GARRETT Selected . About . . . . Emphasis . Corporations . Estate Planning MR. KIRBY MR. PEDRICK . Government Contracts MR. COONS An . Consideration . Int Business Transactions II MR. PEDRICK . Int Law MR. MACCHESNEY . Labor Law MR. ELSON Collective . Labor Relations . Law Review INSTRUCTOR TO BE ANNOUNCED Special Editorial Board Northwestern University Law Review. Legal History MR. SCHWERIN Studies Anglo American Continental . Selected . Problems Taxation Business Income MR. KIRBY An . . Enrollment . State L Government* MR. FISH ER D . United Sta . Materials . SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School . Lectures United States . Law School . Through . Many Law School . Others School. . THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago . Rosenthal Lecture Series . Pre . School Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. These Some Lessons From Our Legal History Macmillan Company. Antonio Sanchez Bustamente University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. These Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press. Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris. Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History . T Bankruptcy Un States History H U Press. Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University. Henry T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme .Judicial Court Massachusetts. T Tr Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon L. Fuller Professor Law Harvard U . These Law Qu Itself Foundation Press . Un Nations . United Nations. Adlai E. Stevenson U States Ambassador Un Nations. Mr. Stevenson Internat R International Law. J N. Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet U International Law Paul A. Freund Professor Law Harvard University On U Supreme Court Little Brown Co. J P. Dawson Professor Law Un M History Unjust Enrichment Un Enrichment A Comparative Analys Little Brown Co. Abraham H. Feller General Counsel U Nations World Law World Community U Nations United \Torld Com Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Th Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey N Trials Robert H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. A Conference Revision Illinois Criminal Code Wa V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illin H Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf A. Berle Jr. Professor [ Law Columbia Un Century Ca R Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law U Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Co Freedom N Ce U States U Wisconsin Press. Louis B. Sohn Pro [ Law Harvard University Ernest A. Gross Legal Advise Secretary General U Nations John]. ParkP Ch Judge United States Co Appeals Fourth Circui . · Individual Rule Law U New Japan Co No Ulwi Professor Law Politi Science Tokyo U Judicial Enforcement Desegregat Its Problems L A. E. Papale Dea School Law Loyola Un New Orl M Principles Punishment H L.A. Hart Professor .Jurisprudence Oxford Univers . L Green D Law Schoo Distinguis Professor Law U Texas Tort Liability Loss Insura T Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insura Northwestern U Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columb T Ideologies Taxatio R Press. R H Lord Raclcli[! Lord Ap Ordinary U Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Professor Harold Canfield Havighurst Dea Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern U Press. Rt. R . James A. Pike Bishop Ep Diocese Ca Ethi Beyond Legal Ethi T R Eth Vocation Lawyer. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM T Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Law School . . From Public . American European . Foundation . Round Table Linthicum Foundation Is Bigness Offense Sherman Act? Participants Edward R. ] Chi Eugene V. Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale Un Thom. C. McConnell Leo F. Tiern Chicago James A. Rahl Trade R . Round Table Feather Bedding Symptom Disease. Principal Carroll R. Daugherty Professor Business Economics Northwestern Un Paul R. Judge United States Court Appeals Second Circuit Professor Law Columbi University. Participants Stanford Clinton Alex Elson Chicago W. Willard Wirtz Undersecretary Labor La Relations. Foundation Academic Conference Individual Group Government Modern Economy University Centennial. Conference Arbitration Wage Stab . Forum Countervailin Power Economy Concept Criticism. ] . K Galbraith United States Ambassador India Professor Eco Harvard University. Conference Chicago Fight Against Slums. Conference Antitrust Laws Attorney General Committee Report. Conference Revised Civil Practice Illii . Law School Conferences St. Lawren Seaway Law Chicago H Code. Conference Freedom R Industrial Community. Foundation Co Freedom Modern American Economy Law School . Arthur ]. Go Secretary Labor School. Law School Conference Individual Freedom Public D . Among Adlai E. Stevenson United States Ambassador U Nations School. Conference Freedom R Broadcasting. Among Newton N. Niinow Chairm Federal Communications Commission Roscoe E. Barrow D University Cincin College Law School. Conference Illinois Professional Association Law. Among Crane C. Hauser Chief Counsel Internal Revenue Service Un States Treasury School. Conference Th Uniform Commercial Code Illinois. THE CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM Ford Foundation $ Law School . Jaw. Criminal Law Program Law School . Jaw . THE PROGRAM OF INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation $ Law School International Legal Studies. School Jaw . School International Business Transactions International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties Family Law . . € . . Library . Informal . Outstanding School . A Right Hon. Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ord United Kingdom . Rigorous Law Review . THE STUDENT BODY Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class . A . Like . Law . Beyond . Law School . 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Winners Lowden Wigmore Prize School National Moot Court Competition . . STUDENT RESPONSIBILITY THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Law . . Law School Junior Bar Association. All Association School . Its . Board Governors Association . HONOR CODE An Law School Honor Code Junior Bar Association . Honor Code . Law School . Honor Code Board Governors Association. After Board . Code School. Junior Bar Association Law School . . STUDENT ACTIVITIES School. Junior Bar Association Law School . Informal Lowden H School. A Junior Bar Association . Association . Association University Bookstore Abbott Hall . To School Law School R . Law School Northwestern Junior Bar Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association. Professional Northwestern Junior Bar Association Legal Research Staff . . Law School School . RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES . He . Nevertheless . Organized Law School Junior Bar Association . Above Working . R Faculty Law Review . Association . Chapters Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Tau Epsilon Rho Kappa Beta Pi Law School. Members . . They . And . None . A . Tickets U Evanston. Many Chicago . STUDENT WIVES A Junior Bar Association Law School . A . Law Wives . To . Occasionally Law School . STUDENT RESIDENCE Living . Casual . . English Inns Court . Abbott Hall Law School . . School Abbott Hall. . Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street. Indiana . . . On . . Athletic . School. Right Chief Justice United States Earl Warren. Be United States Ambassado United Nations Adlai E. Stevenson. Floors School L . There . Double . Rooms . All . Each . Trunks . Bed ½ Abbott Hall . . Dining Hall . A $ . $ . . $ . . Before . Division Student Finance Abbott Hall. R . Bills Cashier Office Abbo Hall. Applica $ . . Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago . Law School . Ab Hall. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Through Student H Service University Law School . U Medical School Students Service . Student H Service Info Bulletin . THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM Old Northwestern! . Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean . Law School . Law School . Its . School . ADMISSION Since Law School . School . Applicants . School . Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago II Iliinois. Students School . Before . Law School A Test . T . Early . . T $ . . . Except . . Law School Admission Test. Law School . Information Educational Testing Service Princeton New J . . Educational Testing Service Sch Law. An School . An Committee Admissions. Prospec School. Applications . Determinations Law School Admission Test . Each . . Every . An $ . . Upon . $ . No . TRANSFER Juris Doctor . Generally . Transfer $ . . A . Transfer Law School Admission Test . . Dean School. Association American Law Schools C . A . PRE LEGAL STUDY A Law School . . Since . College . Accordingly . Courses . Studies . . . English . . Apart . He . . . Ordinarily Robert R. McCormick Hall Law School . . Law School . . He . TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES FEES FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition . Payments . Cashier Office Abbott H . T Division Student Finance Abbott Hall . All . WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official General Office School Law. Students . Students . Students • lO . . No . . Students . R . . . REBATES TO FACULTY STAFF AND INSTRUCTORS Undergraduate U . A . . Application Student Finance Office Abbott Hall . Students Division Student Fin Abbott Hall . R . STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashi Office Abbott H . Students . There . SCHOLARSHIPS GRANTS AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE School . Through Northwestern . SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS Approximately School . Generous . . Ordinarily . All . . Interest . Awards . Each Jaw . Jaw . These . Application Office Adm L School. Special Clarion DeWitt H Scholarships . An . Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law. Scholarships $ . . . Professor Clarion De Vitt Hardy School Speech Owen L. Coon . . Requirements . Funds Owen L. Coon Foundation Hardy Scholarship Committee . Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A Francis S. Kosmerl . Several School Law. Preference Kosmerl Scholars . Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. $ Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law . .Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. $ Mrs. Minnie G. Newman Jacob Newman . Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A $ Charles Weinfeld Law School . Dean School . Ware Scholarship. $ Mrs. Fannie M. Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Sector Battle . Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. Frederic R. De Young LL.B. LL.D. Supreme Court Illnois Herbert C. De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert V. University $ . School Law Illinois. Julius]. Hoffman Scholarship. A Judge Julius J. Hoffman Class . Class Scholarship. From Class . Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. $ Anna Louise Raymond . W Walker Scholarship Fund. $ Wellington Walker Chicago . Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From $ Elmer A. Smith . Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since $ Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage $ . Tau Epsilon Rho Scho . Chicago Gradua Chap Tau Epsilon Rho $ . School Law . University Scholarships. There University . Mahlon Ogden W Book Fund . A Mahlon Ogden West Class School Law Dean. Class Scholarship. . Farmers Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles California Northwestern . $ . Ernest U. Schroeter Scho Fund. From Ernest U. Schroeter Class . Thad M. Talcott Jr. Scho Fund. From T M. Talcott Class . Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. $ Floyd E. Thompson Mrs. Floyd E . Thompson Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin . Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School . Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed H . Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Ednyfed H. Williams . John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence . . Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $ Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School . LOANS School. Loans ½ . These . Among Law School Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. J. N . Raymond Law School Fund Edward P. Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Fund. Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro $ Law School . EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Regular . . Although . . Students Dean . . A . Grades . Credit . No . A School School. A . Grades . P Pass F Failure. HONORS AND PRIZES Since Law School . Order Coif Northwestern . Order Coif School. Exemplifying Law School . THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Northwestern Order Coif . Law Review School Order Coif. THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern Uni . Frequent . To Law School . Law Review . Membership School Law. WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School . Selection Board Governors Junior Bar Association Editorial Board Law Review . THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Frank . Lowden Class $ . . THE HYDE PRIZE $ Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law . HOMER F. CAREY AWARD Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law . Under Illinois Law Future Int Carey Schuyler . A WARD OF THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION An . University . After Levy Hall . CLASS OF PLAQUE To Class Law School . . School Law. LAWYERS TITLE FOUNDATION AWARD Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation Richmond Virginia Foundation $ l . AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American Jurisprudence . These . THE UNITED ST A TES LAW WEEK A WARD A Law Week . DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law. Before . University Juris Doctor JD.. School Law . . Northwestern University School Law School. With Distinction With Highest Distinction. Students . Bachelor Laws Juris Doctor. Such College Liberal Arts Northwestern University Bachelor Arts College University Register School Law School Law School Law College Liberal Arts. Bachelor Science Law School Law. Degrees Graduate Study . GRADUATE STUDY IN LAW Law School . One . School . American . Inquiries Office Admissions Law School. No . ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADV AN CED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Graduate Committee. Although English . Experience English English. DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D.. Master Laws LL.M.. Master Laws University . Also School . During . Each . Also Jurisprudence Comparative Law . To Graduate Committee . . Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science. . Doctor Juridical Science S.].D.. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. . . . Dean . . . Candidates . They . TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Bulletin. $ $ . Accommodations University Chicago . Law School Fulbright . GRADUATE FELLO\VSHIPS FELLOWSHIPS IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies. $ . Applicants Ford Fellowships. Law School . Dean Wigmore Law Library. School International Law. International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties . School Family Law International Business Transactions European Economic Organizations. James Nelson Raymond Fellowship International Legal Studies. $ . From . . General Electric Foundation $ International Law. A . FELLOWSHIPS IN CRIMINAL LAW A Law School Ford Foundation . . Two . Generally Master Laws. A . . . Consideration . Although . American $ $ . From . . GENERAL INFORMATION CONCERNING GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Additional Office Admissions Law School. Normally . Also . None . Students . Successful . TEACHING ASSOCIATES Four Teaching Associates School. Each . . PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School . A . To Law School Placement Office . Through Placement Office . Alumni Association Law School Committee Placement School . Placement Office . . . Each Placement Office . Naturally Law School . Some Chicago United States. Iorthwestern . American . Not . Furthering . Working . After . Others . Law School United States Senators . Northwestern Law School . Northwestern . . Openings . Through Northwestern . Its United States Northwestern . An Law School . Law School . Attractive Law School. Alumni . From . Law School Placement Office . Each Northwestern School Law. Dean John Ritchie . Informal . United States Law School . Government School . Law School Placement Office . A . Beyond Law School Placement Office Chicago . THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School . Commemorating Law School Robert R. McCormick Hall Owen L. Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Many . A Moot Court . . They . Each American Bar Association . Chicago . Also Chicago . Officers Law Alumni Association OFFICERS President STUART S. BALL First Vice President C. IvEs WALDO JR. Second Vice President PAUL W. CUTLER Third Vice President WILLIS D. NANCE Secretary EDGAR VANNEMAN JR. T CHARLES L. KAUFMANN Imm Past President Julius J. HOFFMAN BOARD OF DIRECTORS HERBERT C. BROOK P. DAWN CLARK BERNARD M. EPSTEIN JEROME L. ETTLESON ABRAHAM FISHMAN NEWTON P. FRYE JR. PAUL J. FURLONG CRANE C. HAUSER BARNET HODES ESTHER . KEGAN HENRY KENOE TIMOTHY G. LOWRY LLOYD M. McBRIDE WILLIAM W. McKITTRICK WILLIS E>. NANCE RICHARD J. NELSON PATRICK . OBRIEN HAROLD D. SHAPIRO JOHN PAUL STEVENS JOSEPH H. WRIGHT REGISTER OF UNDERGRADUATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES CALENDAR FOR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes A.M. P.M. . Law School Buildings A.M. P.M. A.M. P.M. P.M. P.M. . DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries . SCHOOL OF LAw Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Admission Office Admissions General Administrative Assistant Dean Part Placement Secretary University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Placement Placement Secretary Scholarships Office Admissions Student Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Transcript Registrar Veterans Veterans Education Office Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois INDEX Abbott Hall Activities Student Admission Admission Graduate Study Alumni Association Application Admission Bachelor Laws Bachelor Science Law Bookstore Buildings Calendar Campus Professional Case Method Classes Typical Schedule Classrooms Coif Order Coon Owen L. Library Courtroom Criminal Law Program Curriculum Degrees Degrees Graduate Study Directory Correspondence Doctor Juridical Science Examinations Facilities Student Faculty Staff Faculty Nature Fees Fellowships Financial Arrangements Fraternities Cary Elbert H. Library Grades Graduate Study Law Health Service Honor Code Honors Prizes Hours Credit Maximum Amount Instruction. Course Instruction Method International Legal Studies Program Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Juris Doctor Legal Clinic Legal Publications. Libraries Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Law School Master Laws Levy Hall McCormick Robert R. Hall Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers University Placement Practice Courses Pre Study Problem Method Rebates Faculty Staff Instructors Refunds Register Undergraduate Colleges Universities Required Courses Residence Student Rosenthal Lectures Schedules Hours Scholarships Grants Financial Assistance Seminar Rooms Seminars General Discussion Staff Student Activities Student Deposit Account Student Health Service Student Wives Teaching Associates Three Year Curriculum Explanation Traditions Transfer Applications Trial Technique Trial Practice Limit Enrollment Tuition Tuition Graduate Study Withdrawal Refunds CALENDAR SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science. To Dean Ritchie Faculty Staff From Eleanor B. Williams Subject Error Bulletin https://plrccollections.org/files/original/7dd5e143bef12cdc67915f85a54c3cca.pdf 8b0a1bd32e5d933ab3b813aa2b94a408 PDF Text Text 1959-60 THE SCHOOL OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN LAW �DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries should be addressed to the offices listed below. The post office address, except where indicated, is ScHooL OF LAw Northwestern University 357 East Chicago Avenue Chicago 11, Illinois Admissions ............................ The Secretary of Admissions General information .................... The Administrative Assistant Part-time employment for students ... ........ . The Placement Secretary or The University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall 337 East Chicago Avenue Chicago 11, Illinois Placement service for graduates .............. The Placement Secretary Scholarships .............. The Secretary of the Schola.rship Committee Student bills and fees ....... ........ . The Division of Student Finance Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore Drive Chicago 11, Illinois Transcripts of records .................. The Administrative Assistant Veterans ................. . ........... The Veterans Education Office Abbott Hall 710 Lake Shore Drive Chicago 11, Illinois Vol. LIX July 27, 1959 No. 35 Published weekly from December to the end of the academic year by Northwestern University at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, lllinois. Second-class postage paid at Chicago, Illinois. �ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1959-60 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ��TABLE CALENDAR FOR OF CONTENTS 1959-60 ........ .. . ........ . ......... . .. ....... . ........... . . .. 5 OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY .. . ... • . . . . . . . ..•• . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . • . • .. .. . . . . . . 6 FACULTY AND STAFF . . . . . .. • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE UNIVERSITY . . . . . ... . ••. .. .. . . • •.. . . . . . . . .•• . . . . . . . 8 FOUNDING AND LOCATION OF THE LAW SCHOOL . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..• •.. . 9 BUILDINGS • • • . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •••. . . .....•• .. . . . . . . . . . .• _ . . . . 9 PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL ... . . . . . . . . . . . .•. • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . •• ... . . . . ..•.••. 10 I NTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES .. . . . . . . ... • .•.. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . .• . . . . . . .. ... .. 10 CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM ADMISSION • .. . .. . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. • . . . . . . . . . . • • . . .. ... •. • • . . . . . . •. 11 • . • . • • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . ••.. . ....• . •.. . . . . . . . . . .... .. . . .. • •• . . • . . . . .. . 11 PRELEGAL STUDY . . . . .. . •. . .. . ... . . ••.... . . . •••.. ... ....• • . . . . . . ... •. . .. . .. . .. DEGREES ... . . . . . . . . ...• • . . . . . .. . • . • •. . .. . . .. •• . ... ... .• •. . . . .. . ..• ..• . . . . • . . 12 12 Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. .' .... . ............. . . .... . .. ........ ... 13 Bachelor of Laws . . . . . ...... ... ....... . . .. . . ... . . . ... ........ ... ...... 13 Master of Laws ......... . .. . . .. .. . .................... _.......... .. . ..... 13 Doctor of Juridical Science ... .... . .. . . ....... .. . ........ . .. . .. .... . ... .... 13 COMBINED DEGREES EXAMINATIONS GRADES .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . . ... .. ... • • , . ..•. 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . , • . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . ... • . . . . . . . . . ..•. 14 . . . • . . • . . . •. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . ... •• • . . . . . . . . ..•• 15 CURRICULUM ••. ... ... , . . . . . . . , •• • . . . . . . . . • . • •• . . . .. .• .• . . . . . .. . •.• . . . . . . . . . . 15 HONORS AND PRIZES . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . .. .... . •• •..... . . •• •••.. . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . 24 .. . . ... ..... . ....... .. .. . ..... . . .. ... . . .. .... .. .. ....... 25 ... . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . , , . . . . . . . . . . •.. . . . . . 25 LOANS . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . • ...• • . . . . .. .. .•.. . . . .. .. ..• •.. . .. ...•.. 27 PLACEMENT SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •... . . . • . . . . . . . . . .• . . . . . . . . . . •.•....•. 27 TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS .. . .. . ... .. . . .. . ..... .. . . .. - ..... 28 TEACHING ASSOCIATES FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. ••. ... . . ... •. .. . . . . . .. ... .. . 30 PICTURES •.••.••• , , ••••..•.•.••...•.........• •.. . . . . . . . . . • , . .. . . . . . • . . . . . •• .. 30 FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS . . . . . . . .. • . . . . . . . . .. , . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 31 LEGAL PUBLICATIONS . . • • • • . . . . • . . • . . . • . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . •• . • • . . . . . . . • • . . . . 34 JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION LEGAL RESEARCH STAFF FRATERNITIES . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • .. . . . .. .••.. ... . ... • • , .. ... . .. . . . . . 36 . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. . • . •• • . . . . . . . ..• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 •••••...•....... , . . . . . . . , • . . . . . . . . . . •... . . . . . . . . .• . . . • . . . . . •...• 37 GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . ..•.. . .. .. . .. •. . .. . . . . . . .• . . ... ... , , , . . . . . . .. . . . . 37 Abbott Hall ........... . ..... . .. . .. . . ... . ....... . . .... ..... .... . .. . ...... 37 Mimeograph Service .... . ... ............ .... .. . . ..... ....... ........ . .... 38 Part-Time Employment ... ... ..... ... . .. .. .... . . . . .. ....... . . .. ..... ...... 38 Personal Losses ..... . . . .... .. ... ..... ... . ........ . ... .... . . . . .......... . . 38 Student Health Service ........... ... .... ... . . ... ....... . . . ..... . .. . .. . ... 38 University Bookstore . .... .. . .. . .. ... . .. ... . ..... ... . .... . . . ... . .. .. . ..... 39 Veterans' Education . . . . . . . ................. . ...... . ...... 39 LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION • .. ... .. . . • . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . . . • •. . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . 39 REGISTER OF STUDENTS INDEX 1958-59 .. . . ..... ... ... . . ... ... . .. , , . ..... .... . ......... 40 . . . . •. ••••. . . . •. . . . . . . . . .• . . . . . . .. . . . . • • • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . ... .47 MAP OF THE CHICAGO CAMPUS . . . . . . ..•. •... ... . , • . .. . . . . •.. . . . . . . . . . . • • . . . . . . 48 3 �CALENDAR 1959 s 2 9 16 23 30 s 6 13 20 27 AUGUST M T W T F S 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 17 18 19 20 21 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 SEPTEMBER M T W 1 2 7 8 9 14 15 16 21 22 23 28 29 30 T 3 10 17 24 M T W T l 4 5 6 7 8 1.1 l'.2 13 14 15 18 19 20 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 s W 4 11 18 25 T 5 12 19 26 M 2 9 16 23 30 s M T W T F 6 13 20 27 2 9 16 23 30 F 6 13 20 27 DECEMBER 7 14 21 28 3 10 17 24 31 5 12 19 26 2 3 910 16 17 23 24 30 31 l 8 15 22 29 l 8 15 22 29 s F S NOVJ:MBER T 3 10 17 24 F 4 11 18 25 OCTOBER s 1960 1960 4 11 18 25 s 7 14 21 28 s 5 12 19 26 JANUARY S M T W T F 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 s M T 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 7 14 21 28 s 6 13 20 27 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 FEBRUARY W 3 10 17 24 T 4 11 18 25 MARCH M T l 7 8 14 15 21 22 28 29 W T 2 3 9 10 16 17 23 24 30 31 s 1 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 5 12 19 26 F s s 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 F s 4 11 18 25 APRIL S M T W T F 5 12 19 26 s 3 10 17 24 4 11 18 25 l 8 15 22 29 2 9 16 23 30 s M T W T F s l 8 15 22 29 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 7 14 21 28 MAY 2 9 16 23 30 3 10 17 24 31 4 11 18 25 s 5 6 7 12 13 14 19 20 21 26 27 28 3 10 17 24 31 s 7 14 21 28 JUNE M T W T l 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 F 3 10 17 24 s 4 11 18 25 JULY M T W T F S 1 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 18 19 20 21 22 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 M l 8 15 22 29 AUGUST T 2 9 16 23 30 W 3 10 17 24 31 T F S 4 5 6 111213 18 19 20 25 26 27 SEPTEMBER S M T W T F ' s l 2 3 45678910 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER S M T W T F 2 3 9 10 16 l 7 23 24 30 31 4 11 18 25 5 12 19 26 6 13 20 27 s l 7 8 14 15 21 22 28 29 �CALENDAR FOR 1959-60 1959 SEPT. SEPT. SEPT. Nov. DEC. 14-15 Monday-Tuesday Registration students. for 15 Tuesday, 1:30 P.M. Registration students. and 17 Thursday Classes begin. 26-28 Thursday-Saturday 19 Saturday first semester, Orientation former for new for new Thanksgiving recess . Christmas recess begins. 1960 JA N. JAN. 4 Monday Classes resume. 15 Friday Classes close. JAN. 18 Monday Examination period begins. JAN. 27 Wednesday Examination period closes. JAN. 28 Thursda)', 1:30 P.M. Registration students. FEB. APRIL Monday and Second semester classes begin. 9 Saturday Spring recess begins. APRIL 18 Monday Classes resume. MAY 20 Friday Classes close. MAY 23 Monday J UNE Orientation Examination period begins. Wednesday Examination period closes. ONE-HUNDRED-SECOND ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. JUNE 13 Monday JUNE 13 Monday Registration for summer term. 15 Wednesday Summer term classes begin. JUNE JULY AUGUST AUGUST 4 Monday Holiday. 5 Friday Classes close. 8-11 Monday-Thursday Examination period. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. Levy Mayer Hall and Elbert H . Gary Library are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and from 2:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. 5 �OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., President of the University PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D., Vice- President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice -President and Business Manager JAMES M. BROOKS, C.P.A. Administrative Assistant to the President ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Assistant Business Manager L YNFORD E. KAUTZ, Director of Development WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH .D., Assistant Dean of Faculties; Dean of the Summer Session JENS NYHOLM, M .A., University Librarian ALBAN WEBER, LL.B., J.D., University Attorney FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D., Director of University Placement FACULTY AND STAFF JoHN RITCHIE III, B.S., LL.B., J.S .D ., Dean and Professor of Law JOHN EDMUND CooNs, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean and Associate Professor of Law HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law ALFRED HILL, B.S., LL.B., S.J .D., Professor of Law JAMES WILLIS HOBAN , B.S., M.A. , J.D., Assistant D ean FRED EDWARD INBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law VANCE N. KIRBY, A.B., LL.B ., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law PHILIP JOHN MURPHY, A.B., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law, Raymond Foundation NATHANIEL Loms NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J .D ., Professor of Law ALEXANDER NEKAM, LL.B., J.U.D ., S.J.D., Professor of Law WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK, B.A., J .D., Professor of Law JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S., J.D ., Professor of Law HARRY BROWNE REESE, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law WILLIAM ROBERT ROALFE, LL.B., Professor of Law and Librarian HowARD RAYMOND SACKS, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A ., J .D ., Professor of Law KuRT SCHWERIN , M.S.Sc., B.S. IN L.S., PH.D., Associate Professor of Law and Assistant Librarian CLAUDE RAYMOND SOWLE, B.S., J.D ., Assistant Professor of Law WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL, M .A ., J .D., Professor of Law WILLIAM WILLARD WIRTZ, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law CuvE PARRY, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Cambridge University, England, Visiting Professor of Law, First Semester 1959-60 ROBERT KRAMER , A.B ., LL.B., Duke U niversity, Visiting Professor of Law, Summer Session I 959 WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on L egal Accounting KARL DE ScHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D., Lecturer on Corporate Industry IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on Trial Technique ALBERT KEGAN, B.A., M.S., J.D. , Professorial Lecturer on Patents, Copyrights, and Consumer Protective Legislation 6 �STAFF ROBERT MARKS, B.S.L., LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on Restitution WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D., LL.D., L ecturer on Judicial Process SPECIAL LECTURERS GARY NATHAN CALKINS, JR., A.B., LL.B. VIRGIL PETERSON, A .B., J.D ., LL.D . OWEN RALL, A.B., J.D . TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1958-59 FRANK M. COVEY, JR., B.S., J .D . HARRY G. Hou, B.S., LL.B. JAMES E. PEARCE, B.A. (Oxon) ALLEN E . SCHECHTER, B .A., J.D. PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H . PEDRICK, Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review ROBERT H. GAULT, Ptt.D ., Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Criminal law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Editor, Police Science Section, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science FRED E. INBAU, Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager, Legal Publications GAIL J . SORENSON, Secretary GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M . Loms, Administrative Assistant ANN P. BELL, Secretary of Admissions DOROTHY TIFFANY, Secretary to the Dean RUTH B. CHAMBERLAIN, Registrar JULIE L. FREDERICK, Placement Secretary MADELINE C. BRITAIN, Development Secretary ANGELA M . H ENZLER, International Legal Studies Secretary CORA B. GREEN, Criminal Law Studies Secretary SARAH F. HALPER, Receptionist, General Office KATHRYN G. HARDY, Faculty Secretary ARLENE BAROV, Faculty Secretary CORNELLA M. EMRICH, Faculty Secretary JOANNE JuRS, Secretarial Assistant SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Head, Mimeograph Department ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., Librarian KURT SCHWERIN, M .S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., PH.D., Assistant Librarian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., Head, Book Selection ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A., Head, Readers' Services Department and Reference Librarian ADOLFS SPRUDZS, L.S.C.F., L.S.P.D ., Head, Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian IDA M. OLSON, Secretary VALLI NIEBUHR, Cataloguing Assistant CYNTHIA s. ENDLER, Cataloguing Assistant NANCY L. S. HUANG, B.A., M.A., Reference Assistant 7 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A charter establishing "the North Western University" was granted on January 28, 1851, to nine young Chicagoans-three lawyers, a physician, two businessmen, and three leading Methodist ministers. It was their dream to establish "a university of the highest order of excellence" to meet the educational needs of the rapidly developing territory of the Northwest. They decided to set up their university, not in the raw metropolis of Chicago, but in the virgin wilderness twelve miles to the north. With their meager funds they bought 380 acres of land, now the campus and the central part of the city of Evanston, erected a modest frame building, and in November, 1855, opened their "university." It consisted of ten young men and two professors. Despite the difficulties caused by the Civil War, recurring financial panics, and the disastrous Chicago fire of 1871, the young university survived and grew. Grad· ually professional schools of medicine, law, and dentistry were affiliated. Specialized new departments branched out from the original "College of Literature and Science." In 1869 the first women students were admitted. One of the momentous events in the University's history occurred in 1926, when the great Chicago Campus was dedicated. Its magnificent buildings house the School of Law, the Medical and Dental Schools, the Graduate School of Business Administration, and the Evening Divisions of the University. Today Northwestern is an institution of world-wide influence, with 80,000 living alumni. Its thirteen schools a re located on two campuses, with land and buildings valued at $50,000,000. The full-time enrollment of the University is about 9,100 students; of this number approximately 7,300 are enrolled on the Evanston Campus. The faculty consists of approximately 1,100 members. The bound volumes in the libraries of the University total approximately 1,322,000. Through the years it has given educational training to more than a quarter of a million students, made many significant contributions to knowledge through research, and benefited thousands through its clinics. THE EVANSTON CAMPUS The Evanston Campus includes the following schools: College of Liberal Arts; the Graduate School; the Schools of Music, Speech, Education, Journalism, and Business; the Technological Institute; and the Summer Session. About eighty buildings house the classrooms, laboratories, dormitories, gymnasium, library, lecture halls, and offices of the Schools on the Evanston Campus. Living quarters for students are provided in the Women's Quadrangles opposite the south end of the campus and in several halls nearby, and in the Men's Quadrangles a long the lake front on the north campus. The beach which borders the ninety-acre campus is reserved for students and faculty. Newest additions to the Men's Quadrangles are two dormitories for freshman men, Dwight St. John Bobb Memorial Building and McCulloch Hall. 8 �THE T LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION was founded in 1859 by Thomas Hoyne. In 1873, as the Uuion College of Law, it came under the joint control of Northwestern University and the old University of Chicago. When the latter institution ceased to exist, the School came under the control of Northwestern University, and in 1891 became Northwestern University School of Law. The School is located on the Chicago Campus in two buildings erected in 1925, overlooking Lake Michigan a t Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, within a few minutes' walk of Chicago's Loop district. I-IE SCHOOL OF LAW BUILDINGS Levy Mayer Hall is the gift of the late Mrs. Levy Mayer in memory of her husband, an eminent member of the Chicago bar. The Elbert H. Gary Library Building and the library which it houses are the gifts of the late Elbert H. Gary, of the Class of 1867. A beautiful cloistered garden is the gift of Mrs. Hortense Mayer Hirsch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Levy Mayer. The main entrance to Levy Mayer Hall is on Chicago Avenue. On the first floor is the entrance lobby, which opens to the south onto the garden arcade; to the east into Lowden Hall, a commodious lounge named for Governor Frank 0. Lowden, one of the School's distinguished alumni. To the west, a corridor leads to majestic Lincoln Hall, which has a seating capacity of approximately four hundred persons. On the second floor are the general offices overlooking the garden, professors' offices, and Booth Hall, with a seating capacity of 140, named for Henry Booth, the first professor and dean of the School from 1859 to 1891. The entrance to the alcoved reading room of Elbert H. Gary Library is also on this floor. From within, the two buildings seem as one. On the third floor are the Faculty Room, professors' offices, Hoyne Hall, named for Thomas Hoyne, the founder of the School, and Hurd Hall, named for Harvey Bostwick Hurd, a professor from 1863 to 1902, both classrooms with seating capaci- , ties of 80 to 100 persons. On the fourth floor are study and seminar rooms, each of which accommodates from six to fifteen students. On the ground floor are lockers, storage and supply rooms, mimeographing service, vaults, showers, etc. The halls, classrooms, offices, lounges, study and reading rooms of the build· ings are spacious and artistically finished and appointed. On the walls are numerous paintings and etchings of eminent judges and lawyers from many countries, also many reproductions and photographs of documents, trials, and persons famous in legal history. The surroundings of gardens, parks, and Lake Michigan and the tall buildings of the other schools to the west give the School seclusion in the heart of a great city. ROBERT R. McCORMICK HALL On July 30, 1958, ground was broken for a new building which will complete the Law School quadrangle. Named to honor a distinguished alumnus of the Law School, Col. Robert R . McCormick, the new building will be three stories high, of modified Gothic style to match Levy Mayer Hall, and air conditioned throughout. Construction is scheduled to be completed in time for dedication during the Centennial celebration in 1960. Robert R. McCormick Hall will provide a new library addition which will double the size of the present facilities of the Elbert H. Gary Library. On the first floor will be a classroom auditorium with a seating capacity of 174, and a practice court room designed as an actual court room to be used for all moot co urt competition and courses in trial technique. 9 �INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In addition, Robert R. McCormick Hall will provide two other classrooms seating 75 each, a lounge, professors' offices, seminar and conference rooms, legal publication offices, and offices for Teaching Associates, Research Assistants and graduate students. LAW SCHOOL CENTENNIAL September 21, 1959, will be the one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the Law School. The Centennial will be observed by a series of conferences to be held during the I 959-60 session on the central theme, "Preservation of a Free Society under Law ." In the fall of 1959 there will be a conference on Freedom in the Modern American Economy, in the winter of 1960 there will be an international conference on Criminal Law Admin istration in a Free Society, and in May of 1960 there will be a conference on Individual Freedom under the Constitution. The latter conference will be followed by a special convocation at which Robert R. McCormick Hall will be dedicated. Distinguished legal scholars from the bench, practicing bar, and Jaw faculties of the western world will participate in the conferences. All who are interested in the development of law and legal institutions are cordially invited to attend. PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL The School does not confine its interests to any particular locality or region. Its students are drawn from all parts of the country and indeed from all over the world. Nevertheless, its geographical location presents opportunities and imposes responsibilities which are influential in shaping its program. The Middle Western region includes a wide variety of interests. Here are the instruments of industry and trade in all of their forms, centers of control for extensive business enterprise, institutions that supply credit, protection, communication, transportation, and numerous other services; and here necessarily are agencies of government at all levels. It is possible for the School to draw upon this area for much that is valuable in its educational program. Leaders of the legal profession, of government, and of business are within reach to share with students and faculty their wisdom and experience. Faculty members, working in bar association committees, counseling in government, arbitrating disputes between management and labor and otherwise participating in the affairs of the community, are able to impart to the classroom discussions an increased significance and vitality. The School also recognizes its responsibility in contributing a service to the interests and population of this area and in training young men and women in the processes of Jaw and government to deal with the multitude of problems and conflicts that necessarily arise in a section which concentrates so varied an assortment of activities within a single community. To this end it offers training in the skills and tradition of the lawyer's craft; it provides scholarships and fellowships for those who show high promise and would otherwise be unable to obtain adequate professional training. The periodicals which it publishes foster research by students and faculty and provide a means of making available the results to the bar and to the public. Buildings, library and living quarters furnish a stimulating environment for a wholesome intellectual and professional life. The program as a whole is designed to maintain a close contact with the current realities of the legal world, and at the same time to hold fast to the cultural values essential to a learned profession. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES In 1957 the Ford Foundation made a grant to the Law School for expansion of its program in International Legal Studies. This grant will make avai lable approxi mately $24,000 annually for a period of ten years. Part of these funds will be used fqr additional faculty in the field of comparative law and for visiting foreign professors and for faculty research. The sum of $6,000 is specifically made available for grad ua te fellowships for foreign lawyers and students, referred to under Fellowships, 10 �ADMISSION Scholarships, Grants listed elsewhere in this bulletin. The balance of the funds will be devoted, among other things, to work-seminars and conferences, exchanges with other law schools, and for the promotion of cooperation among law schools for program development in international legal studies. The Law School has long been interested in international law and related subjects. The late Dean vVigmore inaugurated this interest and laid the foundation for a substantial collection of international and foreign law materials available in the Law Library. For more than ten years the School has offered a basic introductory course in International Law. The School has also offered seminars in International Organization, Comparative Law, Admiralty, and Civil Liberties on a comparative basis. In furtherance of the grant, the School has added a course in Family Law with emphasis on comparative materials, and a seminar in International Business Transactions. The program is under the direction of Professor Brunson MacChesney. CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM A 1958 Ford Foundation grant of $60,000 a year for a five-year period was awarded the Law School for the purpose of enlarging its criminal law program. The award has permitted the addition of another faculty member in the criminal law field. Six fellowships, ranging from $3,000 to $4,000, will be available each year for graduate students interested in criminal law-four for American law school graduates and two for graduates of foreign law schools. The Ford grant has also made it possible to extend the Law School's short course "in service" program for various groups involved in the administration of the criminal Jaw. At present, annual short courses are offered for prosecuting attorneys, for defense lawyers in criminal cases, and for newsmen in crime news analysis an<l reporting. Later on, short courses will be offered for criminal court judges, and for top ranking police officers. The program is under the direction of Professor Fred E. Inbau, assisted by Professor Claude R. Sowle. ADMISSION New students are admitted at the beginning of the first semester. In view of the demands of military service, provision may also be made for the admission of new students in February. An applicant for admission must have obtained a bachelor's degree from an approved college or university. Exceptions to this requirement may be made in unusual circumstances for applicants who have completed at least three years of work with academic distinction in an approved college or university and who are believed to possess the maturity desirable for the study of law. Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and high moral character. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants who in its judgment will succeed in legal study. A complete transcript of the applicant's college record and of any work done in a professional or other school, together with evidence of any degree he may have received, must be filed with his application, or as soon thereafter as it can be obtained. Two photographs of the applicant must also be filed with the application. If there have been appreciable intervals during the course or since the completion of his college work the applicant must indicate his activities dm·ing those periods, and if he has been employed, must give the names and addresses of his employers. Servicemen will be supplied forms for indicating their military service records . All applicants for admission are required to take the Law School Admission Test, administered by the Educational Testing Service."' The test may be taken whether or not application for admission has been previously filed. The test scores will be •The School of Law, together with a number of other law schools, is cooperating in the administration of this test. It is given in m any colleges and universities throughout the country. so that a minimum of travel is required. No special preparation is necessary. For detailed information and application blanks, write to the Educational Testing Service , 20 Nassau Street. Princeton, New Jersey. 11 �DEGREES used to supplement college records, recommendations, interviews, and other factors bearing upon admission to law school. Applications for admission with the classes entering in September, 1959, and February, 1960, and all other applications filed on or before August 31, 1959, must be accompanied by the application fee of $5. This fee is not returnable, but will be applied upon enrollment toward payment of the $10 matriculation fee. Applications for admission with the classes entering in September, 1960, and thereafter, filed after August 31, 1959, must be accompanied by an application fee of $10. This fee is not returnable, but applicants who have paid the $10 application fee will not be charged a matriculation fee. No application fee is required of foreign applicants for admission to graduate study. Applicants accepted for admission are required to make a deposit of $25 within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit will not be refunded, but will be applied as part payment of tuition. If the applicant resides in or near Chicago, he may be requested to come to the School for a conference. The admission of students from other law schools as candidates for a d egree rests within the discretion of the Committee on Admissions. Transfer to the School of Law is approved only in the case of highly qualified applicants. The granting of advanced standing for credits obtained elsewhere rests in the discretion of the Dean of the School. In no event will transfer credit be given for grades below C or its equivalent received in any other law school. Students of other schools may be admitted for a single term or for certain courses on a certificate of good standing. No applicant previously enrolled in another law school will be admitted if he has been denied readmission to that school. Auditors who are not candidates for a degree may be admitted to certain courses in such numbers as will not interfere with the work of the students registered for such courses. Forms for making application will be supplied on request. PRELEGAL STUDY Among the many values to be derived from college study, maturity is of peculiar importance to the study of law. Such maturity comes from rigorous intellectual discipline derived from the mastery of any study undertaken by a student, rather than from the mere content of the subj ect matter. Unless unusual circumstances warrant an exception, it is the opinion of the Faculty that no student should undertake law study before securing an academic degree. The preparation for the study of law is an individual problem. Ordinarily a student would do well to follow a Bachelor of Arts or Science program with emphasis on English, history , economics, and political science. In addition, time should be found for courses in speech, accounting, and statistical method. It should also be noted that a student who has not acquired reasonable proficiency in accounting is required to take one hour of accounting during his second year in Law School. But students differ widely in their tastes, and college courses vary greatly in the stimulation and discipline afforded the student. The School, therefore, does not prescribe particular courses for admission. In this it follows the policy of the Association of American Law Schools. Students who are preparing to enter the School of Law should consult with their college prelegal advisers or write to the Dean of the Law School. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student will be recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character and must have complied with the requirements of the degree for which he is a candidate. 12 �DEGREES DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR The degree of Juris Doctor will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semesterhours of credit in the School of Law, during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree of Juris Doctor may be awarded "With Distinction" or "With Highest Distinction." DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred upon students admitted in exceptional circumstances on the basis of three years of acceptable work in an approved college, upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in lhe case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree of Bachelor of Laws may be awarded "With Distinction" or "With Highest Distinction." DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this or some other university or college having equal requirements in that regard. In unusual cases this requirement may be waived by vote of the Faculty. A candidate for the degree of Master of Laws will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 15 semester-hours in courses not previously counted toward the first degree in law. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embody ing its results, of such character as to be suitable for publi ca tion in the Northwestern Univ ~rsity Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, or the Journal of Air Law ancl Commerce. (c) The passing of an examination covering his general legal attainments. DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science-Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (S.J.D.) -may be conferred upon candidates who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equal requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equal to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor. A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence at this School. The time required for the comp letion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its proper committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, as to both subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant a nd scholarly contribution to legal science. 13 �EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES The mechanical form of the manuscript shall be subject to the approval of the Faculty. (c) The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particu Jar case. (d) The passing of an exami nation to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had experience either in practicing or in teaching law, and who have developed some scholarly objective. Candidates are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity of instructing students a long the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. The opportunities afforded by the School and the community for graduate study are in all practical respects unlimited. COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS I. An applicant admitted after three years of undergraduate work in the College of Liberal Arts of this University (see section on "Admissions" above) may receive the Bachelor of Arts degree in accordance with the requirements of the College (see the University Register for particulars), upon the further satisfactory completion of 27 semester-hours of the first-year courses in the School of Law, or upon the completion of such equivalent courses in the School of Law as may be approved by the faculties of the School of Law and the College of Liberal Arts. II. A student admitted after three years of college credit (90 semester-hours) from another approved college of arts and sciences, may, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law, receive from the Faculty a certificate requesting the faculty of his original college to recognize his work in this School of Law as the equivalent of a fourth year in college and to recommend him for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science in that college or university. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW The degree of Bachelor of Science in Law will be conferred upon students who in exceptional circumstances are admitted to the School of Law on the basis of three years of acceptable work in an approved college, and who are not candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year of work in the School of Law with a grade average of not less than 68. EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. They are for the purpose of affording a basis for the determination of the student's relative mastery of the subject upon which he is examined. Although examinations provide the most important source for this purpose, the written work done in connection with a course, the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion, the contacts generally with the professor in charge incident to the development of a course, arc all of great value in rating the standing of a student. Examinations in individual or seminar studies may or may not be given, depending upon the character of the subject and the nature of the instruction. Students who are eligible, but for good reason are unable to take an exami nation , may with the permission of the Dean take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course. No special examinations are given. 14 �CURRICULUM GRADES The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 55 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 55 is received. A student who at the end of any term after his first term in School has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. In studies and courses in which no formal examination is given, only grades of P or F will be recorded, except that work done in seminars in which written papers are required may be given a numerical grade. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. CURRICULUM* 1959-60 TIME By attending in the summer terms a student may complete his entire course in less than twenty-nine months from the date of entrance. This program requires attendance for forty-one weeks in the year. If a student elects not to attend the summer term, he may complete the course in three years. INSTRUCTION The work of the first year is designed to give the student an understanding of che basic legal principles and concepts. In the second and third years, courses dealing with related subject matters are scheduled in the same term where ex perience indicates that this is of advantage to the student. In the third year the student is offered a choice among a number of courses and seminars. Although the School in the work leading to the first degree in law does not attempt to train specialists, it is possible in the third year for a student to devote a part of his time to a specialized field. In the basic courses of the first year case analysis predominates, but there is also opportunity for lectures and library work as well as for exercises in written and oral expression under close supervision of faculty and staff members. In the second and third years, case analysis diminishes while problem study, seminars, research, writing, discussion and lectures increase. It is recognized that problems of law, especially those dealt with in the more advanced courses, are closely related to problems of business and government. Consequently, in order to provide adequate training for the practice of law, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies and extensive use is made of lecturers drawn not only from the profession but from the business community and government. LIMITATION OF WORK Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any semester, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions. A student who is under any serious handicap, such as physical disability, the necessity of earning part of his expenses, or commuting for long distances, should reduce his program. A student may be limited in his registration if in the opinion of the Dean he cannot undertake a full schedule with a prospect of success. •rn the description of courses, the figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents credit-hours. 15 �CURRICULUM REQUIRED COURSES In order for a student to be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor or Bachelor of Laws, successful comp letion of the courses prescribed for first and second years is normally required. In addition, he must satisfy the following requirements: a minimum of four hours of seminar work exclusive of participation in the Law Review or Journals Seminar; one hour of Legal Clinic, except for members of one of the Legal Publications Boards; the course in Professional Responsibility; a nd at least one course or seminar in International Law. The Faculty reserves the right to change the requirements for graduation at any time, although this authority will not be exercised so as to place an undu e burden upon any student who has planned his program on the basis of previously announced requirements. ENROLLMENT LIMITED IN SEMINARS AND TRIAL TECHNIQUE The seminars and the course in Trial Technique are limited in enrollment. The School cannot guarantee that all students wishing to enroll in a particular seminar on Trial Technique can be accommodated. FIRST YEAR (3) FIRST SEMESTER MR. HAVIGHURST, l\1R. COONS The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law a/ Contracts (2nd ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. CONTRACTS MR. INBAU, MR. SOWLE (3) Origins and sources of criminal law; specific crimes-murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson; doctrinal bases of responsibility; defenses; confessions and general police practices respecting arrested persons; causes of crime, remedies, defects in the machinery of law enforcement; procedures. Inbau and Sowle, Modern Problems of Criminal Law and Its Administration: Cases ancl Readings (mimeographed) . CRIMINAL LAW LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH (2) l\1R. RoALFE, MR. SCHWERIN, and TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises in writing and in use of the library. The student is required to prepare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed upon developing the power of written expression and facility in legal research. Lectures and individual conferences. MR. Sc1-IUYLER (4) Introduction to the law of real propeny. Historical background and basic property concepts; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in tenns and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests anti the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (2nd ed.). PROPERTY I MR. PEDRICK, MR. SACKS (3) Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory banns; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competitions; liability TORTS 16 �C::URRICULUM of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial prncess as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, Ma lone, Pedrick, and Rahl, Cases on Torts (1957). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. AGENCY SECOND SEMESTER (2) MR. HILL Consideration of individual, partnership, corporate and other forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribu tion of risks among employers, emp loyees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; duties and liabilities of emp loyer a nd employee to one another. Casebook to be announced. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON, MR. SACKS The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional gu ara nties of personal, political, social and property rights . CONTRACTS (3) MR. f-IAV!GHURST, MR. COONS The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. FUTURE INTERESTS (2) MR. SCHUYLER Future interests in land and personalty at common Jaw; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its developm ent and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commo nly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT I (1) i\lfR. P E DRI CK AND TEACH!NG ASSOC IA TES The first year moot court program. Stated cases raising legal issues of current interest are briefed and argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with prominent alumni of the School and members of the Faculty on the bench. Appellate proced ure, brief writing and oral argument are emphasized. Individual instruction for each phase of the program is provided by th e Teaching Associates. TORTS (3) MR. RAHL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. Also Green, Malone, Pedrick and R ahl, Cases on Injuries to Relations (1959). NOTE : AT INTERVALS DURING THE YEAR MR. JUSTICE WALTER V. SCHAEFER OF THE ILLI NOIS SUPREME COURT TAKES PART I N AND CONDUCTS SINGLE SESSIONS IN VARIOUS COURSES WITHIN THE REGULAR CURRICULUM. D URING THESE SESSIONS SPECIAL ATTENTION IS GIVEN TO THE ROLE OF APPELLATE COURTS IN THE PROCESS OF DECISION MAKING. SIMILAR SESSIONS ARE CO ' DUCTED BY MR. JUSTICE SCHAEFER IN VARIOUS SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES. SECOND YEAR FlRST SEMESTER ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGlSLATl\lE PROCESSES (4) MR. ]\:ATHANSON The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of administrative determinations. CIVIL PROCEDURE (3) MR. REESE Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of 17 �CURRICULUM actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgments; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; full faith and credit; appellate review. Scott and Reese, Cases on Civil Procedure (temporary edition); Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts; Illinois Civil Practice Act; Illinois Supreme Court Rules of Practice and Procedure . The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. COMMERCIAL LAW (3) MR. TRUMBULL Sales and credit transactions: the title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, cash against documents transactions, bills of lading, warehouse receipts, letters of credit, fraudulent transfers, chattel mortgages, conditional sales, accounts receivable financing, trust receipts; commercial and investment paper: the concept of negotiability, notes, bills of exchange, checks, bonds and similar instruments. Braucher and Sutherland, Commercial Transactions (2 vols., 2d ed.) The course is continued in the second semester and carries five hours of credit for the year. DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS (2) MR. RITCHIE Intestate succession, substitutes for wills, substantive aspects of wills and trusts, introduction to fiduciary administration. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts. The course is continued in the second semester and carries four hours of credit for the year. MR. SOWLE (2) The competency, examination, and privileges of witnesses; offers of evidence and objections thereto; the test of relevancy; demonstrative evidence; documentary evidence; evidence unlawfully obtained; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; the burden of proof and presumptions; judicial notice; cases and illustrated lectures on scientific methods of proof. McCormick, Cases on Evidence. The course is continued in the second semester and carries four hours of credit for the year. EVIDENCE FEDERAL TAXATION I (2) MR. PEDRICK, MR. KIRBY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Cary and Pedrick, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed) . ACCOUNTING SECOND SEMESTER (1) !\fa. BRADY Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who have received college credit for 4 semester-hours of accounting. CIVIL PROCEDURE (3) MR. REESE The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. COMMERCIAL LAW (2) MR. TRUMBULL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS (2) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 18 MR. RITCHIE �CURRICULUM EVIDENCE (2) MR. SOWLE The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. (I) (Optional) MR. MURPHY Second year students may begin to satisfy their Legal Clinic requirement with the permission of the instructor. The course is described in the list of courses for the third year. LEGAL CLINIC (4) MR. HAVIGHURST and INSTRUCTOR To BE ANNOUNCED Transfer of interests in land by deed, the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; rights in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; readings in related problems of real estate finance. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS SEMINAR (2) Second year students may take any one of the seminars listed in the courses for the third year for which they have the necessary prerequisites. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER MR. PARRY (3) General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the mantlme lien, carriage of goods, g·eneral average, marine insurance, collision, claims of maritime workers, and the limitation of liability. Morrison and Stumberg, Cases and Materials on Admiralty; supplementary cases (mimeographed) . ADMIRALTY MR. HILL (5) Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger; the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Baker and Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations (3d ed. 1958). CORPORATE RELATIONS (3) MR. NEKAM A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non -secured creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions agains t persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances, etc.; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering liquid ation; a comparison of the relative availability and utility of alternative procedures, judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the general public. J. W. Moore, Debtors' and Creditors' Rights: Cases and Materials. DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS MR. WIRTZ (4) Organization and representation of employees; laws applicable to strikes, picket· ing, boycotts, etc.; inter-union and intra-union relations; collective bargaining contracts ; settlement of wage disputes, including general problems of mediation and arbitration. Mathews and others, Labor Relations Cases and Materials. LABOR RELATIONS MR. RAHL, MR. HILL, MR. DE SCHWEINITZ An exploration of problems of public policy common to corporate, labor, and trade relations. A summary analysis of the economic framework on which the SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY 19 �CURRICULUM legal rules in the three fields are built. This seminar is offered as part of the Corporate, Labor, and Trade R elations courses. It is required of all students who take any two of those three courses. Assigned readings. (4) MR. RAHL Federal and state law and policy rel a ting to competition and monopoly; problems arising under the antitrust laws; restraint of trade, mergers, monopoly, unfair corn· petition, boycotts, exclusive dealing, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, misleading advertising, etc. Rahl, Cases and Materials on Trade Relations (mirneo· graphed). TRADE RELATIONS SEMINAR (2) MR. NEKAM Comparative Law A comparative study of the techniques and standards of the common law and the civil law, based on selected problems. Criminal Law MR. I NBAU, MR. SOWLE A consideration of current problems in criminal law administration. Estate Planning l\1R. KIRBY The application of principles from Wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insur· ance, Income, Gift a nd Estate Taxation to the problem of planning accepta ble property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. Government and Land MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. Intern ationa l Law MR. PARRY, MR. MACCHESNEY An intensive study of selected legal problems involving critical issues of inter· national law and international order. The topics will vary from year to year, but they usually include a study of the internat ional judicial process and a study of some aspect of the law-making process in the international community. Pamphlet and other materials according to topic. International Organization MR. MACCI-IESNEY, MR. SCHWERIN, MR. PARRY A study of the structure and activities of selected international organizations, with emphasis on European regional organizations; the United Nations; the European Coal and Steel Community and its Court; the impact of supra-national organizations on the international community; problems of the individual under international law. Mimeographed materials and assigned readings. MR. SACKS Jurisprudence Intensive examination of some fundamental problems which cut across all fields of law, e.g. the relationship between the judge and legislature and judge and community; the moral and ethical values supporting law, their origin, validity and ap· plicability to specific legal problems; the problems of freedom and equality; the usefulness of such concepts as "natural law" in solving concrete legal problems. Materials used include both actual and hypothetical judicial opinions, as well as selections from Aristotle, Austin, Bentham, Mill and others. Fuller, The Problems of Jurisprudence. 20 �CURRICULUM MR. TRUMBULL Legal History Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information , the influence of social, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law; the use and effect of legislation in substituting new rules of substantive law and promoting flexibility or stability, discretion or certainty in adjudication; administrative and judicial functions in deciding disputes over private rights and duties; problems arising upon the consolida tion of courts previously distinct in their jurisdiction; developments toward and away from uniformity of the law in the United States. Patents MR. KEGAN Patent problems of interest to the general pract1t10ner. Fundamental concepts concerning patentability, the nature of invention, validity, scope and interpretation of patents, patent infringement, and the enforcement of patents. The commercialization of inventions, including assignments and patent royalty contracts, shop rights, confidential relationships, and the rights of employers, employees, and independent contractors in inventions. Transportation and Public Utilities MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the principal legal and policy questions involved in federal regulation of transportation facilities, radio and television broadcasting, gas and electric utilities, and production and uses of atomic energy. Auerbach and Nathanson , Federal Regulation of Transportation, and other materials. SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR. MACCHESNEY Legal consequences for persons and property of interstate and international transactions; an examination of the allocation of legislative and judicial competence between the nations and between the states; principles of reciprocity and comity underlying the exercise of jurisdiction and choice of law; the impact of the Constitution on interstate transactions and of treaties and customary law on international transactions; resolutions of conflicts of legal systems; full faith and credit and "Act of State"; scope of public policy; criteria for choice of law and abstention from exercise of jurisdiction; minimum standards for international trade and due process; the control of the use of force in the settlement of disputes. FAMILY LAW (3) MR. NEKAM The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations , including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony, custody and support of children. Jacobs and Goebel , Cases and Materials on Domestic Relations (3d ed.). FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; three-judge district courts; criminal jurisdiction; habeas corpus; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federa.l Courts and the Federal System; The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAXATION II (3) The federal income tax aspects pact of federal income taxation on ministrative and judicial processes sive study of current problems of MR. PEDRICK, MR. KIRBY of various phases of business activity, the imfamily property arrangements, the role of adin resolving income tax controversies; intenimportance in the field of income taxation. 21 �CURRICULUM Cary and Pedrick, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed); Surrey and Warren, Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. MR. PEDRICK, MR. KIRBY (1) An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a companion course for Federal Taxation II to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the Federal tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of the Federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their growth and development, their aclministra· tion and resulting effects upon the economy, their need for reform and the possible future legislative revision. FEDERAL TAXATION III (1) MR. MURPHY Supervised field work at the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities or in the office of an attorney to whom the student is assignee!; consultation with clients, interviews with witnesses, drafting and filing of instruments, appearances in court, examination of records, assistance in conduct of trials and general office work. Required of all students not members of the Legal Publications Boards. Work may be pursued after completion of three terms. LEGAL CLINIC MR. TRUMBULL (1) Essential and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession: the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-governing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regarding the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings and problems. Required of all students. Trumbull, Materials PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY on the Lawyer's Professional Responsibility. (3) MR. MARKS The principles and remedies available, at Jaw and in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illega lity of performance . Durfee and Dawson, Cases on Restitution. RESTITUTION (1) MR. GOLDSTEIN Methods of proof, preparation of facts, selection of jury, opening statements, direct examination, laying of foundation for and introduction of exhibits, objections to evidence, offers of proof, expert testimony, hypothetical questions, cross examination and impeachment of witnesses, arguments to court and jury; exercises in examination of witnesses and oral argument. Goldstein, Trial Technique; Goldstein, Trial Practice Cases. TRIAL TECHNIQUE SEMINAR (2) Antitrust Law MR. RAHL Application of the antitrust and related laws to representative business problems involving mergers, price policies, relations with suppliers and distributors, control of brands and advertising, licensing of patents, and other problems. Discussion of governmental policy in these areas as well as practical treatment of problems. The course in Trade Relations is a prerequisite. Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems encountered by modern democratic societies in defining the scope of freedom of 22 �CURRICULUM speech, press, assooat10n, religion, and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of external and internal stress. Corporation Finance MR. HILL Selected problems in corporate practice. About half of the sessions will be devoted to the federal and state securities acts, and problems of public financing generally. The remainder will deal with problems of the close corporation: e.g. capital structure, control devices, buy-and-sell agreements. Emphasis will be placed on planning and drafting, and on the pertinent tax considerations. MR. INBAU, MR. SOWLE Criminal Law Journal Selected problems in criminal law and criminal procedure, treated in symposium style with a view to publication of resulting papers in the student section of the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. Open to Journal student editorial board members and competitors, and also to criminal law graduate students. Estate Planning MR. PEDRICK The application of principles from Wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Income, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. Fiduciary Administration MR. KIRBY An advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Insurance Law MR. HAVIGHURST Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insurance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates; reinsurance; rehabilitation and liquidation of companies. . International Business Transactions MR. NEKAM The international business contract: the law applicable; the documents used; letters of credit; marine insurance; arbitration; exclusive jurisdiction and forum non coveniens; monetary problems. Mimeographed materials. MR. MAcCm:SNEY International Law An intensive study of selected legal problems involving critical issues of international law and international order. The topics will vary from year to year, but they usually include a study of the international judicial process and a study of some aspect of the law-making process in the international community. Pamphlet and other materials according to topic. MR. WIRTZ Labor Law Collective bargaining; drafting and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. Scientific Evidence MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers. State and Local Government MR. SACKS An examination of legal and policy aspects of selected topics in the field of State and Local Government, oriented toward the needs of both the practicing attorney and the attorney interested in public questions. Major topics will include relation23 �HONORS AND PRIZES ships of state and local governments (home rule , bans upon special legislation, etc.); interlocal relations (extraterritorial laws, annexation, special authorities, metropolitan governments and other devices for dealing with the probl ems of the metropolitan area); federal-local relations (intergovernmental immunities from taxation and regulation); regulation of economic activity by state and local governments; taxa tion and other means of financing state and local governments. Particular (but not exclusive) attention will be given to the problems of the Chicago metropolitan area and of Illinois. Fordham, Local Government Law; Wirtz and Polasky, Materials on State and Local Taxation (mimeographed) . MOOT COURT II This program , supervised by Mr. Sacks, is designed to aid second year students in improving their skills in brief writing and oral argument. It is conducted on a voluntary basis and does not carry course credit. A competition is held in which student teams prepare briefs and participate in oral arguments before panels composed of judges, practicing attorneys, faculty members, and others. The LowdenWigrnore fund provides prizes for those excelling in this program. The competition is also used in selecting a team to represent the School in the regional rounds of the National Moot Court Competition, which is held in the fall of the following school year, i.e., when the members of the winning team are third year students. The winners of the regional rounds compete in the final rounds of the competition in New York City. HONORS AND PRIZES The Order of The Coif, Northwestern Chapter. The Order of The Coif is a national scholarship organization instituted in 1907. Its purpose is the encouragement of scholarship and the advancement of ethical standards in the legal profession. Each chapter annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Legal Publications Boards is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of The Coif. Elliott Irvin Goodman Warren Coleman Haskin Clark Canfield Havighurst George Mitchell Hollander Elected June 1958 ' Melvin Karl Lippe Irwin Mushkin Gene Montague Phillips Earle Samuel Rappaport, Jr. The Lowden-Wigmore Prizes. The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $500. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of a competition designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. The Hyde Prize. The in come on a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not oftener than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. Wigmore Key. Established 1949-1950. Awarded by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School a nd toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the Faculty. Award of the Junior Bar Association. An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award . 24 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS The cup remains the property of the University, but is placed in the custody of the winner during each year after his name and the date of award have been engraved thereon. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. Homer F. Carey Award. Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms a cup and a copy of Carey and Schuyler on the Illinois Law of Future Interests is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. Class of 1956 Plaqu.e. The Class of I 956 has provided a bronze p laque for outstanding legal scholarship on which is engraved the name of the graduating student who has attained the highest standing during his law school course. The plaque is on display in the School of Law. Lawyers Title Foundation Award. The Lawyers Title Insurance Corporation of Richmond, Virginia, through its Foundation, provides a prize of $100 annually, together with an appropriate certificate, as an honor and reward to the graduating student who has achieved the greatest proficiency in the law of real estate and trusts. American Jurisprudence Awards. The publishers of American JurisjJrudence give a volume of that publication covering a particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annuall y. TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. Each one devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with. written work. The balance of his time is available for research or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the Faculty. FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, AND GRANTS GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS The .James Nelson Raymond Fellowship. The income from a gift, whose present capital value is about $54,000, by the late Anna Louise Raymond to establish the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund is available for graduate fellowships. Applications of persons of mature years who have had valuable professional experience before or after receiving their degrees in law and who present maturely considered projects for grad uate work, other things being equal, will receive special consideration. International Legal Studies. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1957 for International Legal Studies has made available $6,000 annually for graduate fellowships for students and lawyers from oth~r countries. Applicants interested in pursuing international legal studies are given preference. Criminal Law Studies. A grant from the Ford Foundation in 1958 for Criminal Law Studies has made available six fellowships ranging from $3,000 to $4,000 for graduate students interested in criminal law-fou r for American law school graduates and two for graduates of foreign law schools. SCHOLARSHIPS Financial assistance for students working toward the first degree in law is awarded by the Committee on Scholarships and 'L oans on the basis of n eed, ability, and character. Grants made to entering students are renewed as a matter of course for the second and third years of law study upon maintenance·of creditable standing. In the judgment of the Committee, a part or all of a grant of financial assistance may be offered subject to an obligation of repayment after graduation. 25 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, GRANTS The available funds are: Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Hardy Scholarships providing for up to full tuition, plus up to $400 per year in additional funds when needed for expenses, are available for three students in each entering class. The scholarships are renewed each year for scholars who maintain a good record and meet the other standards of the program. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion D evVitt Hardy of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in m emory of the man "who contributed most" to his education . The purpose of the scholarships is to assist able students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualiti es . Funds for the scholarships are provided by the Owen L. Coon Foundation of Chicago. The Hardy Scholarship Committee of the Faculty administers this program. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Several scholarships which may carry stipends in excess of full tuition are available for well qualified students in the School of Law. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Lamed Coburn Memorial Fund . The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. The Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. The Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A gift of $20,000 from Charles Weinfeld in 1954 established a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. The amount granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the School, is for the purpose of paying tuition or other expenses. The Wa1·e Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. The Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a tuition scholarship, through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius J. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915, to be award ed to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Class of 1938 Scholarship. A scholarship for half tuition, provided by a member of the Class of 1938, is awarded to a student who, in the judgment of the Dean and Faculty Scholarship Committee, will in his future career at the bar contribute significantly to the maintenance of high moral and ethical professional standards. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 26 �PLACEMENT SERVICE given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to deserving students in the School of Law. The Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. · Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. From 1955 to 1959 sums totaling $20,000 were contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. The Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $150 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to fin ancial need. Legal Publications Secretarial Scholarship. A tuition scholarship is available to a first-year law student who is qualified in accounting and secretarial work. The scholarship will be continuous for the full period of the holder's career in the School of Law, but is subject to termination at any time if the holder's services are not satisfactory. The holder will act as an assistant to the .Business Manager of Legal Publications. Applicants should state their qualifications fully. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University scholarships and grants yielding amounts varying according to demonstrated need. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the graduating class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student who is in need of financial assistance. Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles, California, has expressed its intention to contribute an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, such amount being related to the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company. The gift for 1959 totaled $730. LOANS Loan funds are available to beginning and advanced law students, without interest until one year after graduation. Applications should be submitted to the Committee on Loans of the School of Law. PLACEMENT SERVICE The School maintains a service to assist its graduates in finding positions. The members of the Faculty Committee on Placement advise students and graduates on problems of placement, keep in touch with law firms, corporations and government agencies, and locate other opportunities for legal work, including positions as law clerks to judges and other public officials. The Law Alumni Association, through its 27 �TUITION AND FEES Committee on Placement, assists in the program by obtaining information from the alumni of the School and other practicing attorneys with respect to available positions. TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS The cost of education at Northwestern University is only partly covered by tuition charges. The remainder is paid by income from endowments contributed by friends and alumni of the University. The following information regarding tuition and fees is for the year 1959-60, but is subject to change without notice. TUITION Full Tuition (undergraduate) First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... .. .. . ... . . . . . . .... . . . .. ...... $450.00 Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450.00 Summer term ...... . .. . .... . .... . ... . ... . .. . . .. . . . . . .. .. ..... . . . ... 225.00 Part-time Tuition (undergraduate), each credit-hour .... . . 45.00 Graduate Tuition, each credit-hour .................. . 60.00 Resident in Research Fee (for graduate students not registered for classroom work) Each semester .... .. ......... . ....... . . .. . . . 20.00 Summer term ................................. . . . . . . .... . . ........ . 10.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour per week ....... . . . ........ . ... . . . .... . . . . 45.00 FEES Matriculation Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 (This fee is payable upon first admission to the University. It is to be paid once, is not transferable, and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $25 is required of all applicants within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit is not refundable, but will be applied as part payment of tuition.) Graduation Fees Bachelor of Science in Law ......................................... . 10.00 Bachelor of Laws ............ . . .. . ... . . . ...... ... ....... .. . .. ...... . 10.00 Juris Doctor ............. . . . . . ...... . . .. ...... . ........ . ... . .... . .. . 10.00 Master of Laws .............. . .... .. . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . ..... . . .. . . . .. .. . . 10.00 Doctor of Juridical Science .......... .. . ... . . . . ............... . . . .... . 10.00 Student Health Fee (Required of all full-time students. See Student Health Service section) First semester ............................. . .............. . .. . .. . .. . . 22.50 Second semester .. . ....... . ........ . . .... . ...... . . . .. . ....... . ... . .. . 22.50 8.00 Summer term ... . ...... .. . . .. . . ..... . ... . ...... . .. . .. . . .. .. . . . .. ... . Mimeograph Fee (See Mimeograph Service section) First semester . ................................. .. ............. .. ... . 5.00 Second semester ............... . ........ . ....... . ......... .. ...... . . . 5.00 Summer term .. . ...................... . .... . ... .. ... . .. . ... . ... . ... . 2.50 Part-time students ............................................. . ... pro rata Late Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) ........... . 5.00 Change of Registration Fee (after the third full day of classes in each term unless requested by the School) .............................. . . 5.00 Late Physical Examination Fee .............. . ............... . ........ . 2.00 (See Student Health Service) Duplicate Diploma Fee ....... .. ................. . ... . ........... . ..... . 5.00 Duplicate Transcript of Record, each ................................. . 1.00 28 �FINANCIAL REGULATIONS FINANCIAL REGULATIONS Bills. The Division of Student Finance, first floor, Abbott Hall, issues and makes all adjustments on student bills. These bills are mailed to the student's address indicated on the billing card filled out by the student at the time of registration. Each bill is due by the date shown and is paid at the Cashier's Office, first floor, Abbott Hall. Each student is responsible for receiving his bill. In the event that a tuition bill is not received within fourteen days from the date of registration, the student should make application immediately at the Division of Student Finance. The clue dates of bills cannot be extended because students fail to receive their bills. Financial Obligations. A student who is delinquent in the payment of tu1t10n or other fees, or against whom the University holds record of indebtedness, will not be given a diploma of graduation, a certificate of scholastic standing, or a transcript of record, until such indebtedness has been fully paid. A student who owes tuition or other fees at the close of a term will not be permitted to take his final examinations or to receive credit for that term. Registration in the University is provisional and subject to cancellation by the Director of Student Finance at any time until bills are paid. Withdrawals and Refunds. Official withdrawal blanks are available at the office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advance deposit. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the encl of one-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition . Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above dates. In all cases the date on which the official withdrawal notice is received at the Student Finance Office, or the date of formal exclusion, is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. Rebates to Faculty, Staff and Instructors. Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following r egula tions are eligible to apply for rebates: (a) full-time faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent (unmarried) sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions. A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program . Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for their rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only, and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. Student Deposit Account. The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. General Expenses. The expenses of a student for the academic year, including tuition , books, board and room, and incidentals, approximate $2,200. 29 �THE LIBRARY THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY The Elbert H. Gary Library of some 179,000 volumes is named after its chief benefactor, the late Elbert H. Gary, LL.B. 1867, LL.D . 1922. It ranks among the six largest law school libraries in the United States and is the largest law library in the Chicago area. The collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their statutes and session laws, and all subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies- necessary to form a complete working collection of Anglo-American law. The Anglo-American legal collection is supplemented by a selection of publications in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social sciences . .The Library receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. The Library also has a comprehensive collection of foreign law from all parts of the world, which includes the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in Latin-American law. The nucleus of the latter is formed by the Theodore S. Chapman and Robert 0. Farrell collections of Mexican law. In addition, the Library includes outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history and comparative law, and adequate resources in Roman law. Finally, attention should be called to the collection of rare books, representing a variety of fields and containing many classics of the law. These are indispensable for effective legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners. A large collection of treatises and periodicals in international law is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole permits useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. The Library maintains a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals, and documents in criminal law and its administration and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In connection with the University Centennial Celebration, the Northwestern Law Alumni Association raised a fund of more than $150,000 for the purchase of books for the Library. This is called the John Henry Wigmore Library Fund, in honor of the memory of the Dean of the School of Law from 1901 to 1929, whose great learning and scholarly interest contributed in such a vital way to the building of the collection. The Library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. It maintains an "open stack" policy so as to bring readers and books together without the interposition of any unnecessary formalities, and the staff plays an affirmative role in making the Library an integral part of the Law School's educational and r esearch programs. PICTURES The School's collection of pictures, now numbering some 2,500 pieces, copiously illustrates the history, personnel, and customs of the legal profession, not only in Great Britain and the United States, but all over the world. It represents acquisitions accumulated during the past thirty years, partly by purchase, partly by gifts from alumni and other friends. Personal search has been made in nearly every country of Europe for portraits and scenes to illustrate other systems of law; many of these are unique and irreplaceable. The collection includes some forty oil paintings, and about 1,500 etchings and engravings. A special series is a set of twenty large platinum photographs of portraits of eminent British judges in the National Gallery of Portraits, colored by a London artist to show the costumes. The larger portraits are framed for display on the walls of the lecture rooms, library reading room and corridors. 30 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation was established in 1926 by the late Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond through a gift of $200,000. The income from this fund, which was originally subject to certain annuities, provides a legal clinic for the poor. It was organized under the superintendence of a joint committee of the School of Law, United Charities, and the Chicago Bar Association. The work of the clinic is under the direction of attorneys of the School of Law and the staff of the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities. The work of the School and that of the Legal Aid Bureau are highly co-ordinated. Indigent claimants and defendants in every type of case are represented. The student comes in intimate contact with the routine and problems of office practice and litigation generally. The claims successfully prosecuted aggregate thousands of dollars annually, and the legitimate defenses afforded indigent persons are equally valuable. The Foundation and clinics were the first to be set up on behalf of a law school. For details of the clinic work required, see the Curriculum. In connection with the work of the legal clinics, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond established the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship, by gifts totaling $40,000, the income from the Fund to be awarded annually for graduate fellowships. See Fellowships, Scholarships, Grants. THE JULIUS ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION The Julius Rosenthal Foundation was established in 1919 in memory of Julius Rosenthal by his son, the late Lessing Rosenthal, his daughter, Mrs. George Pick, and Charles H. Hamill, Max Hart, Harry Hart, Mark Cresap, Frank M. Peters, Leo F. Wormser, F. Howard Eldridge, Willard L. King, Magnus Myres, Mrs. Joseph Shaffner, and Mrs. Otto L. Schmidt, all of Chicago, and the Honorable Julian W. Mack, of New York. Additional provision for the Foundation is made under the terms of the will of the late Lessing Rosenthal. Julius Rosenthal (1828-1905) was an eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar and Librarian of the Chicago Law Institute for nearly forty years. He was the most learned lawyer of his time in Chicago, did more than any other man to establish the best standards of legal scholarship in this region, and by numerous gifts of books indicated his interest in the welfare of this School. The present capital fund of the Foundation is about $80,000, the income from which is applicable generally for the cultivation of legal literature, and specifically by means of the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, and books of a scientific or practical nature concerning the law, which otherwise might not readily find a publisher; by the aid or encouragement of research in the field of legal literature, and of the preparation for publication in whole or in part of the results of such research; by the delivery and publication of lectures on subjects concerning the law. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. In 1931, Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History," and numerous other historical works. 31 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Massachusetts. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Mr. Adlai E . Stevenson. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject, "On Understanding the Supreme Court." In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michiga n, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment." In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations." In 1952, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government." In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The Twentieth Century Capitalist Revolution ." In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century." In 1955-56 lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. In 1956-57 the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution," by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papa le, D ean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by H erbert L. A . Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University. In 1957-58, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims." In 1958-59, Louis Eisenstein, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation." THE CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Charles Clarence Linthicum (1857-1916), LL.B., 1882, professor of this School, 1902-1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The capital fund of $37,000 was provided by Mrs. Charles C. Linthicum, Harvey S. Firestone, 32 �FOUND ATIO NS AND SPECIAL FUNDS his long-time client, and Otto R. Barnett and Melvin M. Hawley, his associates at the Chicago bar. The income from this fund is applicable to the general purpose of cultivating research, study, and instruction in the fields of the law of patents, trademarks, copyright, or other topics of the law involving the development of trade, industry, and commerce; and specifically by means of the delivery of lectures or other form of instruction; the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, or books; the aid of research or preparation for publication; the award of prizes to meritorious essays, monographs, or books already written or published. Prizes have been awarded to the following: In 1927, Stephen Davis, of New York. Subject: "The Law of Radio Communication." In 1929, first prize, Charles John Hamson, of London; second prize, L. B. Davies, of Melbourne, Australia, and Francois Poignon, of Montbard, France. Subject: "Scientific Property." In 1930, Richard Spencer, of Chicago. Subject: "A Complete Program for the Improvement of the United States Patent Law System." In 1931, first prize, Leslie Bartell Davies and Arthur Dean, of Melbourne, Australia; second prizes, Stephen P. Lac/as, of New York, Marcel Plaisant, of Paris, and J. M. Bliss, of Surrey, England. Subject: "A Comprehensive Critique of the International Chamber of Commerce Committee's 1930 Draft Convention for the International Protection of Industrial Property." In 1935, first prize, Jan Vojacek, of Prague, Czechoslovakia; special honorable mention to Karl B. Lutz, of New York; honorable mention to George von Gehr, of Chicago, Mario Chiron, of Rome, Italy, and Edwin M . Thomas, of Washington, D.C. Subject: "A Survey of the Principal National Patent Systems (from the Historical and Comparative Points of View)." In 1937, first prize, Jean Van Routte, of Brussels, Belgium; first honorable mention to D. Goeclhius, of The Hague, Netherlands; honorable mention to Joseph Kroell, of Strasbourg, France, David Grant and Arna/cl W. Knouth, of New York, and Hans Adolf Wulf, of Hamburg, Germany. Subject: "Carrier Liability in National and International Commerce." In 1941, first prize, Laurence I. Wood, of Chicago; second prize, W. Houston Kenyon, Jr., of New York. Subject: "The Relation Between Patent Practices and the Anti-Monopoly Laws: The Situation in the Past, Present Trends, and Future Possibilities." In 1943, first prize, Louis Robertson, of Chicago. Subject: "Trademark and Trade-Name Laws in the Americas: The Problem of Their Practical Reconciliation." In 1948 a Round Table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act?" Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. McConnell and Leo F. Tierney , of the Chicago bar; James A. Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Trade Regulation. In 1949 a Round Table was held on the subject, "'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W . Willard Wirtz, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Labor Law. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of the Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of the series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In 1951-52 a Conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." 33 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS In 1952-53 a Forum was held on the subject, "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 1954 a Conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955 a Conference was held on "The Antitrust Laws and the Attorney General's Committee Report." In 1955-56 a Conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." In 1956-57 the Law School was a joint sponsor of Conferences on "The St. Lawrence Seaway and the Law" held at the Chicago Bar Association, and "Chicago's Housing Code" held at the Hotel La Salle. In 1957-58 a Conference was held on "Freedom and Responsibility in the Industrial Community." FRANK H. THATCHER MEMORIAL FUND Mrs. Frank H. Thatcher of Winona, Minnesota, in 1948 made a gift of $100,000 to the University to establish a fund as a memorial to her husband who died in 1921. The income from this fund is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time determine. HENRY SARGENT TOWLE MEMORIAL FUND In 1935 Northwestern University received a share in the remainder of a trust established by the late Helen H. Towle of Oak Park. The fund, whose principal sum now amounts to about $36,000, was established in memory of the trustor's father, Henry Sargent Towle, and is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW The Northwestern University Law Review, formerly the Illinois Law Review, was founded by the Faculty of this School in 1906 and now ranks as one of the country's leading professional journals. For a period (1924- 1932) the Review was edited jointly by this School and the law schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. Since 1932, when it was reorganized, the Review has been wholly edited by the students of this School. Membership on the Board of Editors is the highest honor and greatest responsibility accorded students by the School. In connection with the Review a program of continuing research on current legal problems is administered by the Board of Editors with Faculty assistance. From time to time at the instance of the Board of Editors and under Faculty supervision, special academic work for credit will be offered for group research and writing projects. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science has been in continuous publication since 1910. The Criminal Law and Criminology section is edited by Dr. Robert H. Gault, Professor Emeritus in the Psychology Department of Northwestern U niversity, with the assistance of a board of Associate Editors composed of legal scholars and criminologists. The section on Police Science is under the editorship of Mr. Ordway Hi lton, an Examiner of Questioned Documents in New York City, assisted by a board of Associate Editors in the fields of criminalistics, police administration, and lega l medicine. Student members of the Law School's Legal Publications Boards assist in the Journal's publication by preparing and editing the material canied under the topical headings of "Criminal Law Comments and Abstracts" and "Police Science Legal Abstracts and Notes." 34 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The Journal is published bi-monthly and is under the supervision and control of the Faculty of the School of Law. Professor Fred E. Inbau, of the Law Faculty, is Managing Director. THE JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE The Journal of Air Law and Commerce, founded in 1930 and suspended during the war years, resumed publication with the Winter, 1947, issue. It is edited jointly by the Northwestern University Schools of Law and Business and since 1956 has been published under the auspices of the Northwestern University Transportation Center. The Journal is a quarterly publication. THE LEGAL PUBLICATIONS BOARDS The Legal Publications Boards are the Student Editorial Departments of the several publications fostered by the School of Law. The legal notes and comments published in the Northwestern University Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, and the Journal of Air Law and Commerce are for the most part written by student members of the Publications Boards. Selection of the student members of the Boards is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the Boards is the highest honor a student can attain in the School of Law, and of itself constitutes a preferred rating for the purpose of obtaining employment after graduation. LAW REVIEW The Editorial Board of the Northwestern University Law Review for 1958-59 included the following members: Lawrence Block Editor-in-Chief Shelby Yastrow Note and Comment Editor Article and Review Editor Richard W. Waller Glen R. Bernfield Leonard J. Schrager Gordon G. Greiner Robert E. O 'Malley John T. Weise Associate Editors Richard Calkins Geoffrey F . Grossman Allen Hartman Sherman Magidson James A. Rahl M. D. Christiansen Adviser to the Editorial Board Business Manager Board of Managers Willard H. Pedrick, Chairman William M. Trumbull Elliott E. Foster Nathaniel L. Nathanson Warren C. Haskin Douglass Fillinger C. Ives Waldo, Jr. Daniel Walker Harold C. Havighurst James A. Rahl W. Willard Wirtz Brunson MacChesney Harold A. Smith And the Officers of the Student Board JOURNALS The Editorial Boards for the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science and the Journal of Air Law and Commerce for 1958-59 included the following members: David H. Kleiman J ames R . Thompson Student Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science Student Editor, Journal of Air Law and Commerce 35 �JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Garry R . Bullard Richard A. Cowen Gerald H . Galler James D. Henry Associate Editors Francis A. Heroux J erry Kronenberg George W. Phillips Guy Porter Smith Paul G. Stemm JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION The Junior Bar Association is the students' professional organization, operating under charter granted by the Faculty of the School. All students are members of the Association, and through it work out the problems of student government and school activities. Through its power to call general assemblies of the students and require their attendance, the Association provides a ready forum for the discussion and consideration of all the affairs of the School in which students are interested, as well as for public and professional matters outside the School. The Junior Bar Association also publishes semi-annually The Reporter, a magazine for distribution to students and alumni. An orientation program for entering students is held by the Junior Bar Association at the beginning of the semester. On the day before classes begin, welcoming talks are given by the Dean and the President of the Junior Bar Association. Instructors for the first-year classes and representatives of the various organizations and activities of the School also speak to th e entering students. New residents in Abbott Hall are invited to an informal meeting with the law students presently residing there, and regulations regarding the law floors are explained. Following is a list of the officers for 1958-59: Presid ent ................................ . .. . ....... . .. Paul Stemm Vice-President .......... . .. . ....... ..... . .......... ..... Paul Hunt Secretary .... .. .. . ... . ...... . . .. . ................... . ·waiter Denby Treasurer ......... . ...... . .. . . ...... . .. . .. .. .. ...... . . Carl Givens BOARD OF GOVERNORS Senior Class Robert O 'Malley, Chairman Charles Calderini Rubin Glickman Jun ior Class Barbarann Bernstein Sanford Takiff Joseph De La Van Freshman Class Larry Eldridge Berton Sheppard Charles Goonrey COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN American Law Student Association-Ronald Carlson Burton Patterson Book Exchange-Frances Meegan Coffee Hour-Bertram Miner Election-Robert Czirr Kathleen Devine John Chandler Graduate Stu.dents-Richard Cowen Legal Fi/ms-Charles Goonrey Arvid Johnson R ichard Kissel Orientation-Vernon Thomas George Rosen Melvin Goldman Dianna Dentino 36 Placement-Roger Clifford vVilson Redfearn Publicity-Bernard Baum Wayne Kastl Residents Council-.J oe Costanza Social-Charles Rivkin Frank Vigus Speakers-Edward Notz Student Directory-Marvin Grant Roger Simpson Nancy Bausch Stu.dent-Faculty-Gordon Grei ner Josep h De La Van Charles Bogren �GENERAL INFORMATION ALUMNI REPORTER STAFF John R. Herman Editor-in-Chief John H . Andrew Bernard Baum Lawrence Hillebrand Fraternities Jay Con torer Associate Editor Staff Bertram Bradley Richard Fitzgerald Mrs. David M. Burner Law Wives Club Correspondent J a mes W. Hoban Faculty Adviser LEGAL RESEARCH STAFF The Legal Research Staff is a student organization which provides research assistance for the various committees of the Illinois State Bar Association and the Chicago Bar Association. The staff was created in 1957 as the Junior Bar Association Research Group and converted to an independent organization in 1958. It offers selected second and third year students an opportunity to meet and work with the local bar associations in solving current legal problems. The Steering Committee for th e 1958-59 staff included the following students: John E. English William R. Fishman Johnny M. lVIack Co -Chairm en Stanley T. Kusper, Jr. John F. O 'Meara William M. Trumbull Faculty Adv iser FRATERNITIES Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Tau Epsilon Rho Kappa Beta Pi (Sorority) GENERAL INFORMATION ABBOTT HALL All law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are expected to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge; also a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling and ping-pong are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) 37 �GENERAL INFORMATION Bed linens, blankets, and towels are included in the furnishings, and daily maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city The location of rooms is indicated by the following floor plan: 18 17 The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2.00 to $3.00. The average room rate for the academic year is $290.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October I, January 1, and April 1, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with $25.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11. MIMEOGRAPH SERVICE In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. The mimeograph service is under the management of Mr. Shyam Majhi. PART-TIME EMPLOYMENT The University Placement Bureau is available to students who wish to obtain part-time employment. Applications should be made to University Placement Bureau, Wieboldt Hall, 337 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois. PERSONAL LOSSES The University is not responsible to anyone for the loss of personal property in any building owned by the University, whether the loss occurs by theft, fire, or other cause. STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service, provided by the University through the Medical School for law students, is the same as that provided for students of the Medical and Dental Schools. Students wishing a consultation for illness may see the Student Health Physician in Room 202 of the Medical School (Montgomery Ward Building) from 8:30 to I0:00 A.M. and 1:30 to 3:00 r.M. In an emergency a student may report to the 38 �ALUMNI ASSOCIATION nurse in charge, Room 202, any time between 8:30 A.M. and 4:30 P.M . The Health Service is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays. Validity of registration is contingent upon completion and return of the initial medical forms as described in the Health Service letter, and a health conference at the Student Health Service. Students who register late, or who have failed to comply with these requirements, will be charged a fee of two dollars. In order to use the facilities of the Health Service, students must be registered at the University for at least the minimum number of hours required for eligibility. See the Student Health Service Information Bulletin for more complete information . UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE The University Bookstore is owned and operated by the University for the convenience of the students in all schools on the Chicago Campus. It is located on the first floor in Abbott Hall. The student may obtain all necessary textbooks and supplies there. He will also find that the various departments have articles which are carefully selected to meet the student's every need. VETERANS' EDUCATION The University maintains a Veterans' Education Office in Abbott Hall, for the assistance of students who attend school under any of the Servicemen's Readjustment Acts. All business with the Veterans' Administration is handled through that office. LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, 1958-59 President: Harold A. Smith, '21 First Vice-President: Judge Julius J. Hoffman, ' 15 Second Vice -President: Stuart S. Ball , '27 Third Vice-President: C. Ives Waldo, Jr., '36 Secretary: Edgar Vanneman, Jr., '47 Treasurer: Charles L. Kaufmann, '47 BOARD OF DIRECTORS James E. S. Baker, '36 Herbert C. Brook, '32 James W. Clement, '41 Sydney G. Craig, '46 Paul W. Cutler, '31 Bernard M. Epstein, '22 Abraham Fishman, '32 Newton P. Frye, Jr., '46 Thomas F. Geraghty, Jr., '41 Lowell Hastings, '28 George S. Hoban, '38 Barnet Hodes, '21 Walker A. Jensen, '42 Joseph R. Julin, '52 Timothy G. Lowry, '29 Lloyd M. McBride, '34 William W . McKittrick, '39 Patrick W. O'Brien, '50 William R. Rivkin, '48 John P. Stevens, '47 All jJrovisions appearing in this Bulletin, including course offerings, are subject to change without notice regardless of the date of matriculation. 39 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS, 1958-59 ABEL, CAROL L. Littleton, Co./. B .A., University of Denver Chicago R. BERNFIELD, GLEN B.S., University of Illinois Chicago BERNSTEIN, BARBARA AEBERLY, RUTH J. Chicago BLOCK, LAWRENCE Chicago ANDREW, JOHN H. Duluth, Minn. A. Chicago ANGELUS, JOHN J. Cicero ADAMS, , ,VJLLIAM E. B.S ., Northwestern University B.S., Nonhwcstern University; 1\1.A., University of Wisconsin B.A., University of Minnesota B.S., Northwestern University Detroit, Mich. K. ANSPACH, MICHAEL University of l\1ichigan; A.B ., \,Vaync State UnivcrsiLy I. ARENBERG, STANLEY Chicago B.S., Northwestern University J. ARTIGUES, ROLAND Chicago B.S. , University of Illinois L. ASl·IER, DONALD Chicago B.A., Cornell University ATHERTON, HARPER B. Kalamazoo, Mich. B.B.A ., University of Michigan BAACH , RICHARD M. A.B., Washington University Lake Forest Chicago BACKLEY, VINCENT J . B.S .B.A., Xavier University Detroit, Mich. BARSKY, SETH H. A.B., University of Michigan BARVICK, WILLIAM M. Kansas City, Mo·. B.A., St. Mary's College Chicago BASS, YALE P. University of Illinois; Roosevelt University; B.S.L., Northwestern University K. BASTA, DONALD B.S.B.A., Northwestern University BAUM, BERNARD M . A.B., University of Michigan BEEBY, KENNETH J. B.A., Beloit College B.A., Yale University BELLOWS, CAROLE J. K. B.A., University of Illinois BENDER, !YAN R. A.B., University of 1\1ichigan BERKLEY, IRWIN M. B.S., Northwestern Un iversiLy 40 B.A., Northwestern University L. Box, MURRAY BOZNOS, PETER w. Chicago B.S., Bradley University BRADLEY, BERTRAM Richmond Hill, N.Y. B.A ., Cornell University BRANNAN, J. RICHARD A.B., Northwestern University Monmouth F. Griffith, Indiana w. Aurora BULLARD, GARRY R. Riverdale Burum, THOMAS T. Chicago BRITTON , HAROLD Our Lady of the Lake, Loyola University, Catholic University of America BROWN, EDWARD B.S., Iowa State College B.A., Northwestern University B.S., Marquette University BURNER, DAVID M., BURNS, JEROME H. JR. Decatur A.B., Dartmouth Co llege Chicago LL.B., Loyola University BURSTEIN, RONALD B. B.S., Northwestern University BURT, HENRY J., Elgin Glen Ellyn JR. B.A., Yale University CALDERIN!, CHARLES Evanston Brooklyn, N.Y. B.A., Brooklyn Coll ege Chicago Elkhart, Indiana BEEMSTERllOER, MATn-IEW Boon, EDWARD BUTLER, RONALD Univers ity BAUSCH, NANCY J. B.S., Northwestern University Berwyn University of Illinois; B.S.L., Northwestern Evanston A. B.A., Wellesley College Chicago A.B., DePaul University J., JR. A.B., Princeton University Winnetka Wilmette CALKINS, RICHARD A.B., Dartmouth College Saginaw, Mich. CAMERON, MICHEL A. B.A., Northwestern University Flossmoor CANFIELD, JAMES R. Rockford Evanston CARLSON, DONALD A. Duluth, Minn. L. DavenjJort, Iowa CARMEL, RICHARD J . Chicago Barrington Ch icago B.A., Ohio State University B.A., University of Minnesota CARLSON , RONALD B.A., Augustana College B.A., Northwestern Un ivers ity . �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago D. CARSTEDT, WILLIAM Northwestern University CARUSO, FELIX w. Hinsdale B.S., North western University CASEY, JmIN J. B.S., U niversity of Notre Dame Oak Park Chicago CES INGER, Joi-IN R. B .S., Iowa State College A.B., U niversity of Michigan Lake Forest L. B.A., Yale University C HA N DLER, Jo1-1N P., II Chicago B.A., Northwestern University C HAUDHRY , MANMOHAN India LAL B.A., LL.B., Delhi U ni vers ity Chicago CHERTOW, SHELDON B .S.C., DePaul University; M.A., Michigan State U nivers ity CLANCY, K ENT J. Marinette, Wisc. CLA RK, J OSEPH S. Chicago 13 .S., North western University B.B.A., Western Michigan College C LIFFORD, ROGER L. A. Glencoe B .S., Northwestern University COHEN, DO N ALD E. Northbrook COHON, GEORGE A. Chicago CO H N, E DMOND L. Skokie COLNON, PETER A. Chicago B .S., Columbia University B.S., Drake U ni versity B.B.A., Un iversity of Michigan B.S., U ni vers ity of Notre Dame Northfield CONNELL, GREGORY G. B.A., Colgate University CONNERY, Jorrn M., JR. B.S., John Carroll University Chicago Highland Parh CONTORER, JAY B.A., Northwestern University COOK, J. Evanston DO UGLA S A.B ., L.L.B., University of Michigan COSTANZA, JOE E. A.B ., Wabash College East Chicago, Ind. COVEY, FRA NK M ., JR. B.S., J .D., Loyola University B.S., Babson Institute DAR NALL, C. JACK SON Clarksbu,·g, W. Va. B.A ., Northwestern University Chicago B.A., Northwestern University DAVIS, BRITTON Glenview A. Denison University Chicago DAVIS, JosEPI·I University of Illinois; B.S.L. , Nor thwestern University DAY, ROBERT DELMA N, BYRO N s. Indianapolis, Ind. B.A., Northwestern University D EMPSEY, THOMAS vV. B.S., Northwestern University w. Carlinville B.S., University of Illinois Peoria D EN TIN O , DIA NNA R. B.S. , Bradley University D EVI NE, M. Skokie KATHLEEN B .A ., University of Kentucky; of Arizona U nivers ity Carrollton, Mo. DICKSON , SAM S. B.A., Beloit College DILENSC HNEIDER , JOH N J. Columbus, Ohio B .A., U niversity of Notre Dame; M.A., Ohio State U ni versity DO BBS, STUART A.B., University of Illinois DO NA HUE, G . RICHARD Springfield Lafayette, Ind. B.S., Univers ity of No tre Dame DORAN , DONALD Evanston A. B.S .E.M ., Purdu e University; M.B.A., North western Un iversity DoUAIRE, DANIEL L. B.S.S. , Georgetown University DOYLE, JOHN Chicago Evanston M. B.A ., L ake Forest College Chicago DUBIN, LAWRENCE. M. Chicago Chicago B.S., Northwestern U niversity DuBoE, CULVER , RI CHARD w. Chicago EDELSTE IN, ST UART T. Chicago EINHORN, EDWARD M. B.A ., Northwestern University Chicago DE LA VAN, JosEPH M. Chicago B.S .L., Northwestern University Chicago A.B. , University of Notre Dame A. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago L. B .S ., North western University COWEN, RICHARD CUNEO, FRANCIS J. Oak Park Newton, Mass. DANSKER, MARVIN R. D ENBY, WALTER Deerfield B.A., Lake Forest College CoE, ROBERT B.S., University of New Mexico DAVID, JACOB, JR. Evanston CHADWELL, JOHN T. CHAINSKI, EDWARD Cz 1RR, ROBERT B. BURTON V. B.S., Roosevelt Unive rsity Chicago B .A., Carleton College Paterson, N .]. A.B., U niversity of Pennsylvania 41 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS EISENBERG, SAMUEL J . Ph .B. , J.D., University of Chicago ELDRIDGE, LARRY J . A.B., Kalamazoo College Chicago Augusta, Mich. La Grange Park ENGLISH, JOHN E . B.B.A. , Washburn University Chicago ERICKSON , CARL R. A.B., Beloit College ERNST, HERBERT B.A., Denison University FENNELL, ERVIN s.. GovEDNIK, DONALD R. B .S., Northwestern University GREEN, HENRY $. Chicago Chicago GREENSTEIN, DAVID H . Chicago GREENWOOD, GLENN Chicago GREGORY, DONALD J. Chicago GREINER, GORDON G. Chicago w. Chicago Winnetka FITCH, LOGAN B .A., Knox College B. B.A ., Northwestern University Chicago Chicago R. A.B., Un iversity of Miami Chicago FLEMING, EDWARD C. A.B., Loyola University Duluth, Minn. B.A. , University of Minnesota Shreveport, La. B.A., University of Texas; M.D., Washington_ University School of Medicine FOUFAS, PLATO C. B.S .. Northwestern University Evanston Chicago GALLER, GERALD H . B.S ., University of Illinois A.B., Clark University B.B.A., University of Miami B.S., Northwestern University University of Illinois, Northwestern University B.A., University of Michigan Loyola University B.S., Northwestern University Fall River, Mass. GENESLAW, ROBERT Trumbull, Conn. B.S. , University of Notre Dame A.B., Northwestern University Arlington Heights GRIMM, VICTOR E. B.S., Bradley University GROSSMAN, GEOFFREY B.A., University of Bridgeport Chicago GERSHANOV, FRED F. Chicago B.A., University of Chicago B.A., Northwestern University Riverside GIVENS, CARL E. A.B., Dartmouth College GUTTMANN, EGON Brighton, Sussex, Eng. LL.B., LL.M., London University v. GUILFORD, RUSSELL Olin, Iowa B.A., Parsons College Winnetka B.S., Georgetown University Chicago C. B.S., Quincy Colege; M.B.A., Northwestern University HARRIS, REED Chicago HARRS, LELAND A. Chicago B.S., Colorado University Loyola Un iversity; B.A., Northwestern University HARTMAN, ALLEN Chicago Chicago B.S.L., Northwestern University GLICKMAN, RUBIN Chicago HATCH, ROBERT F. w. Watseka HEIDLAUF, HOWARD A. Chicago HELFAND, MARVIN Lake Forest College A.B., Harvard University GOLDMAN, MELVIN R. B.S., De Paul University Pontiac, Mich. B.A. , University of Michigan Chicago F. B.B .A., University of Michigan HARDMAN, JAMES GERTZ, THEODORE 42 Evanston L. GRETICK, ANTHONY HAIDER, THOMAS F. GARVEY, WILLIAM M. GooGASIAN, GEORGE A. La Grange Chicago B.A., Northwestern University GOETZ, LEWIS La Grange Chicago B. FoRGOTSON, EDWARD H. B.S ., Northwestern University GRANT, MARVIN $. B.B.A., University of Wisconsin FLINT, RICHARD N. GovEDNIK, DAVID F. DuBois, Pa. B .A., Northwestern Uni\'ersity FISHMAN, WILLIAM B.A., Roosevelt University Evanston JR. FITZGERALD, RICHARD Chicago GoRDON, JOSEPH Goss, RICHARD H. FISCHER, ARTHUR J, FISHMAN, NORMAN Chicago B.A., Northwestern University Piqua, Ohio B.A., Pennsylvania State University FISCHER, NEIL w. GOONREY, CHARLES B.A., Valparaiso University B.A., Wheaton College W est Chicago S. B.S., Northwestern Un iversity HENNESSY, WILLIAM J. B.A., Northwestern Univers ity Chicago Joliet �REGISTER OF STUDENTS River Forest HENRY, JAMES D. B.A. , Holy Cross College HERMAN, JOHN R. FRANCIS L. B.S., Northwestern Un iversity Chicago Minneapolis, Minn. KANTER, ARNOLD A. Chicago River Forest KAPLAN, AUBREY F. Chicago KARZEN , HERBERT A. Chicago B.A., Carleton College HEROUX , KALLMAN, ROBERT A. B.S ., St. Mary's College B.A., University of Illinois B.S., University of Southern California HERRON, JAMES M . Chicago HIGGINS , JAMES E. Wilmette KARONES, JOHN G. Chicago HILL, ROBERT C. Elmhurst KASTL, JOSEPH W. Skokie B.A., Uni versity of Missouri B.S.B .A., M.B.A., Northwestern University B .S. , Michigan State University HILLEBRAND, LAWRENCE A ., JR. Chicago B .A., Northwestern University HIMELSTEIN, E . Fort Wayne MANDE L B.S. , Northwestern Uni versity HOCHBERG, LARRY J. Skokie BOGREN, CHARLES V. West Chicago B.S .. University of Wisconsin A.B ., Wheaton College Hou, Milwaukee, Wis. HARRY G. B .S., LL.B. , Marquette Uni versity HOMEL, HARVEY Chicago B. A.A ., University of California at Los Angles; B.S .L ., Northwestern University Des Plaines HOUSER, THOMAS J. A.B ., Hanover College HOWARD, A. Winnetka CARTER, JR. B.A ., Williams College HOWARD, LEE Park Ridge M. B.A. , Denison U niversity HU NT, PAUL Kansas City, Mo. F. A.B .. Kansas University H UNTER, DANIEL Evanston R. B.Ch .E ., Cornell University Evanston JAMES, K ENNETH J. A.B ., Stanford University JANETZKE, RONALD H. A.B., Augustana College Rock Island Chicago }ANGER, RICHARD K . B .S., Northwestern University Cicero JANKA, JOH N B.S., University of Illinois B.A ., University of Michigan B.S., Northwestern University B.A., Northwestern University KASTLER, HENRY Chicago KATZ, GILBERT J. Chicago K ELLER, MATTHEW J . Chicago B.S., University of Illinois B.S., Northwestern University B.A., Northwestern University Northwestern University KENWELL, DOUGLAS A. KISSEL, J. RICHARD B.A ., Northwestern University KOHOUT, FRED J. H. KLEIMAN, DAVID Kendallville, Ind. B.S., Purdue University KOCH, JOHN A.B.. Princeton University J. Riverside KORFMACHER, JILL Peoria KOLAR, EDWARD B.S., Northwestern University B.A., Northwestern University KORSHAK, TED A. B.S., Northwestern University N. Chicago KRAMER, GERALD L. Chicago B.S., Bradley University Wright Junior College; Roosevelt University; B .S.L .. Northwestern University KRUPA, LAWRENCE JORGENSEN , Chicago KUSPER , STA NLEY T., JR. Oak Park KAHN, CHARLES H. Milwauk ee, Wis. B.S.B .A., N orthwestern Uni ve rsity B.A., Cornell University Chicago KOSMO ND, JAMES Chicago JOVAN, WILLIAM J . Chicago A. KORBAKES, CHRIS JOH NSON, RODN E Y K. ROBERT G. Chicago S. A.B., Yale llniversi ty KRONENBERG, JERRY B.S ., Northwestern University Chicago Oak Park B.A., University of Illinois Chicago B.S., Northwestern University Buffalo, N.Y. B.A., North·western University JOH NSON, H. ARVID B .S., Northwestern University Chicago R. KENTOFF, DAVID B.A., Uni versity of Chicago w. B.A., Northwestern University A.B., University of Notre Dame Chicago Chicago Chicago Evanston KUSTIN, CARL, JR. B.S. , Illinois Institute of Technology LAAS, FREDERICK H. Overland Park B .A., Northwestern University 43 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS LA W. BELLE, CLIFFORD Zion B.S., Northwestern Universi ty J. LADON, R ICHARD Oak Park B.S ., Northwestern University LANE, Chicago PETER B .S., University of Wisconsin LAURY, EVERETT Danville L. B.A., DePauw University Seoul, Korea LEE, IN SONG LL.B ., Seoul U niversity Chicago LEV, ARNOLD M. B.S., Illinois Insti tute of Technology LEV IN, ALLAN E . B.S., Un iversity of Illinois LEVY, CHARLES Lincolnwood Chicago Aberdeen, S.D. M. Northwestern University Chicago LEVY, MORRIS A. B.S., U ni versity of Illinois Chicago LEw1s, ROGER F. B.S., University of Illinois LICHTENSTEIN, RICHARD Chicago M. B .A., Northwestern University Illiopolis LOOSE, THOMAS A. B.A., DePauw University Wilmette LOUNDY , RICHARD A. B .B.A., University of Wisconsin Park Ridge LUNDE, LAWSON C. B .A ., Northwestern University Chicago MACK , JOHNNY M. B.S., Northwestern Un iversity Elmhurst MAGIDSON, SHERMAN C. B.A., Yale Un iversity MALLOY, JAMES w. .Jackson, Tenn. B.S., Georgetown U niversity MALONEY, DOUGLAS P. A.B., Johns Hopkins University MARSHALL, CHARLES B. Chicago Evanston B.A., State Univers ity of Iowa; M.A., Northwestern University MARTIN, GORDON Algonquin E. B.A., Beloit College; M.S., University of South Carolina MARX, ERNEST L. B.S., Northwestern University MAY, SIDNEY A. Chicago Clarksdale, Miss. Washington U niversity; LL.B., University of Mis.sissippi MATTHIAS, RUSSELL H., JR. A.B., Princeton University McDONNELL, THOMAS J. B.S., Loyola Un iversity 44 Evanston Chicago Cincinnati Ohio B.A., Denison University Oak Parh McNAMARA, JEROME F. 13.A., University of Notre Dame L. MEEGAN, FRANCES Nebraska City, Neb. B.A., Kansas State College MELBER, NORBERT Chicago MERSON, EDGAR G. Tulsa, Okla. B .A., Northwestern University Des Plaines MEYER, ScoTT J. Stevens Institute of Technology; B.S., Purdue University; M.B.A., Indiana Univers ity s. MICHAELS, DONALD G. University of Illinois; B .S.L., Northwestern University LEVY, CHARLES B. MCINTOSH , BRUCE B.S ., Northern Illinois University Chicago MIGDAL, SHELDON P. B.S., University of Illinois MILLER, JOEL Chicago L. B.S., University of Illinois Chicago I. MILLER, MICHAEL Chicago B.A., Northwestern University Chicago MILLER, NAN C. B .A., Northwestern University H. Skokie L. Chicago MINTZ, ARTHUR M. Chicago MILLER, ROBERT B.A., Beloit College MINER, B ERTRA)¼ A.B., Harvard University B.A., Northwestern University B. Bellerose, N.Y. MITTEN, ROGER C. Evanston MISHKIN, EDWIN Union College A .B ., Brown Un i versity MONROE, LEE A. Winnetka L. Des Moines, Iowa B.A., Wi ll iams College MooRE, MARK B.A., J .D ., Drake University MOREHOUSE, MICHAEL Northwestern Un iversity Evanston L. Chicago MORRIS, JOH N P. B.S., Northwestern University MRKVICKA, STEPHEN J. Aurora B.S., Loyola U niversity Deal., Eng. MURPHY, J . MARCUS LL.B., Cambridge Un iversity; LL.B., Birmingham University NEDRUD, DUANE R. Grand Forks, N .D. Ph .B., LL .B., University of North Dakota NE.IBERG, SAMUEL I. A.B ., Albion College NEWMAN, MARVIN E. Chicago D. Glenview B.S.L., Northwestern University NORCROSS, JOHN Chicago B.A., Stanford University �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Winnetka U. NoTZ, EDWARD B.A., Yale University O'MALLEY, ROBERT O'MEARA, H ERBERT B.S., Loyola University M. ORLYN , BORIS OR NER, RONALD Chicago ROTHSTEIN , JEROME M. Sterling Chicago ROTHSTEIN, PAUL Chicago RUBIN, GEORGE A. Michigan City, Ind . Chicago R USIN, ARLINE J. Oak Park J. F. O'MEARA, JmIN B.A., Northwestern University A. B.S., University of Wiscons in OUCHI, KAZUOMI LL.B., Chuo University Fukuoka, Ja pan Melrose Park PASSARELLA, LAWRENCE A. B.S.C., University of Notre Dame PATTERSON, BURTON H. El Paso, Texas A.B., Oklahoma Baptist University w. PATTERSON, ROBERT B.A., Un iversity of Illinois F. PEARL, MELVIN B.B.A., University of Wisco nsin PEARCE, JIM B.A. (Oxon), Oxford University PERLOW, M ICHAEL B.B.A. , University of Wisconsin ,,v. PHILLIPS, GEORGE PI NSKI, RONALD L. Oak Park Chicago POLISKY, L ESTE R E. Chicago z. Chicago B.S., Illinois Institute of Technology PRITIKIN, RENEE B.S. , Northwestern University REDFEARN, B. Oak Park ,-VILSON B.A., Miami U ni vers ity R EINSDORF, JERRY M. Brooklyn, N.l'. A.B., George Washington University Berwyn REZ EK , RICHARD A . B.A., St. Joseph College RIEDL, EDMUND£ D. B.S., University of Wisconsin B.S., Indiana Univers ity B.A., Northwestern Univers ity Northbrook A.B ., Bradley University RUTHER, RONALD W. B.S., Northwestern University B.A., Northwestern University WALTER W., A.B., DePauw University SCHAPIRO, SHELDON M. B.S., University of Colorado B.S., University of Illinois SCHECHTER, ALLEN E. Chicago SCHEFFRES, ALAN J . Chicago Sc1-1ELLY, KARL Chicago B.A., University of Chicago; J.D. , Northwestern University B.S.L., Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University SCHRAGER, LEONARD J. B.S. , Northwestern University B .S., University of Illinois S Cl·IWARTZ, RONALD S. B.A., Northweste rn University SHELIST, MICHAEL R. Miami B each, Fla. SHEPPARD, BERTON S. Shreve, Ohio Seoul, Korea B.S., Mich igan State University Chicago SKJOLDAC.ER , ALLEN G . G. B.S.B .A., Xavier University RoSELLINI, DONALi) E. Oak Park Chicago B.A., Texas Western; University of Texas; B.F.T ., American Institute of Foreign Trade Chicago B.S ., Northwestern University SHUBERT, ROONEY, JOHN Chicago Chicago R. S CHWARTZ, MICHAEL Chicago G. Chicago Skokie SAGER, JERROLD L. Ron1N, SIDN E Y B.A., University of Chicago Chicago Spring Valley F. SHIM, KIE-YOUNG RoIN, ALLAN JR . B.S., M .B.A., Bradley University Chicago B.A., University of Illinois Chicago Milan, Ohio SAMAHA, JOEL B. RIVKI N, CHARLES T. B.B.A., University of Mich igan Peoria RusT, WILLIAM A. SAVIO, ROBERT England Chicago F. Northwestern University Chicago POEHLMANN , THEODORE B.A., Univers ity of Illinois B.S.B.A ., Denver University SAMPSON, Chicago B.S ., University of Illinois B.S., Ohio University Chicago Gary, Incl . B.A. , DePauw University Chicago M. Chicago Evanston B.A., Universily of Notre Dame GEORGE B.S ., University of Illinois Ross, SANFORD R. E. A.B., University o f Notre Dame ROSEN , B.A., University of Dubuque 'ORMAN A . A .B., University of Michigan B.A., Ohio Wesleyan Univers ity SIMON, ERNEST D. B.A., Un iversity of Illinois S IMPSON, ROGER M., JR. B.A., Stanford University Chicago Elgin Chicago Evanston 45 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS SMITH, GUY P. B.S., Northweslern University SMITH III, JOHN FRANCIS Winnetka VERTUNO, ANTHONY A. Wilmette VIGUS, FRANK E. Marquette University; B.S.S., John Carroll University D., SPANOS, GEORGE Jr. E. Lansing, Mich. B.A., Albion College Winnetka SPRINGER, CLEMENT F ., JR. B.A., Amherst College Chicago STANSELL, PAUL R . Knox College, Northwestern University STATHOUDAKIS, MANUSOS B.A., Roosevelt University STEFFEN, WILLIAM E. s. Chicago N . Riverside U nivers ily of Illinois; B.S.L., Northwestern University Oak Park B.A., St. Mary's College Kirkwood, Mo. A.B., Grinnell College vVAHLs, MYRON Madison, Wis . H. B.A., University of Michigan Chicago WALLER, RICHARD W. University of Illinois La G?'ange, Ga. WARD, HORACE T. A.B., Morehouse College w AXMAN, HERBERT s. Chicago B.S., Northwestern University Muscatine, Ia. WEBSTER, GEORGE E. B.S., Northwestern University La Grange Park WEGNER, DANIEL F. B.A., Northwestern University Evanston STEMM, PAUL G. Chicago WEISE, JOHN T. STERN, STEVEN B. Chicago ,-VEISE, RICHARD Chicago WEISMAN, JAY Chicago WHEATLEY, JOHN C. Abington, Mass. M. Chicago Roosevelt University University of Illinois STONE, JOSEPH L. B.S., University cf Wisconsin STRASSBURGER, ERNEST P., JR. A.B ., Augustana College Park Ridge STRECKERT, KENNETH E. B.A ., Elmhurst College Chicago SWANSON, ALAN H. B.A.. Northwestern Univer~ity SwEIG, ALLAN G. B.S.B .A., Northwestern University Chicago Chicago TAKIFF, SANFORD E . B.A., University of Illinois B. Chicago THOMPSON, JAMES R . Oak Park THOMAS, VERNON B.A., Harvard University B.A., DePauw University Evanston H. B.A., DePauw University Lincolnwood B.A., Carleton College B.A., Dartmouth College WINER, SHERWIN B.A., Carleton College Chicago WINSBERG, BERNARD G . A.B., University of Illinois WIRT, JAMES Galesburg J. B .A., Knox College WITZ, CHARLES J. Chicago B.A., Yale University Chicago L. WOJCIK, ERNEST Northwestern University w. Chicago Washington Un ive rsi ty, University of Illinois ,-voMACK, JAMES TISHLER, LOUIS B., JR. Chicago Woon, FREEMAN J. Louisville, Ky. WoooY, WARREN TOWNSEND, JOSEPH vV. River Forest YASTROW, SHELBY Chicago YOUNG, GERALD R. Chicago A.B., University of Michigan TOMLINSON, GEORGE B.A., Principia College A.B., Brown University TSAO, CHIEN Taiwan, Free China LL.B ., China College TYKSINSKI, TERRENCE J. B.A., Michigan State U ni versity VAN VooREN, ROBERT A . B.S ., Marquette University VENTUR INI, VENTURINO LL.B ., Ferrara University VER HuEL, WILLIAM R. 46 J. B.A., Cornell University Northfield H . B.S., Kansas University B.S.L., Northwestern University Northwestern University Wilmette Chicago YOUNG, THOMAS J. Indianapolis, Ind . E. Moline ZELDEN, J EROME J. Chicago Ferrara, Italy B.A., Northwestern Un iversity B.S., Southwest Missouri State Chicago B.A., Northwestern University B.S., University of Illinois ZIMMERMAN, NORMAN E . B.S., University of Illinois ZooK, GARY C. B.A., Northwestern Un iversity Chicago Evanston �INDEX Abbott Hall, 37 Admission, 11 Alumni Association, 39 Application for admission, 11 Auditors, 12, 28 Bachelor of Arts, 14 Bachelor of Laws, 13 Bachelor of Science in Law, 14 Bills, 29 Bookstore, 39 Buildings, 9 Calendar, 5 Coif, Order of The, 24 Combined degrees, 14 Courses of study, 16 Criminal Law Program, 11 Curriculum, 15 Degrees, 12; combined, 14 Deposit account, student, 29 Doctor of Juridical Science, 13 Employment, part-time, 38 Examinations, 14 Faculty and staff, 6 Fees, 28 Fellowships, scholarships, grants, 25 Financial arrangements, 28; obligations, 29; regulations, 29 Foundations and special funds, 31 Founding and location, Law School, 9 Fraternities, 37 Funds, loan, 27; special, 31 Gary, Elbert H., Library, 9, 30 General information, 37 Grades, 14 Grants, 25 Health service, 38 Honors, 24 International Legal studies, 10 Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 35 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 34 Junior Bar Association, 36 Juris Doctor, 13 Legal clinics, 31 Legal publications, 34; boards, 35; staff, 7 Legal research, staff, 37 Library, Elbert H. Gary, 30; staff, 7 Limitation of work, 15 Linthicum, Charles Clarence, Foundation, 32 Loan funds, 27 Location of Law School, 9 Map of the campus, 48 Master of Laws, 13 Mimeograph service, 38 Northwestern University Law Review, 34 Officers, University, 6 Origin and growth, University, 8 Personal losses, 38 Pictures, 30 Placement service, 27 Prelegal study, 12 Prizes, 24 Program of the School, IO Publications, 7, 34 Raymond, James Nelson and Anna Louise, Foundation, 31 Rebates, 29 Refunds, withdrawals and, 29 Register of students, I 958-59, 40-46 Required courses, 16 Rosenthal, Julius, Foundation, 31 Schedules and hours, 5 Scholarships and prizes, 24 Staff, 6 Student deposit account, 29 Student health service, 38 Teaching associates, 7, 25 Thatcher, Frank H., Memorial Fund, 34 Towle, Henry Sargent, Memorial Fund, 34 Tuition, fees and financial arrangements, 28 Veterans' education, 39 Withdrawals and refunds, 29 47 �'l(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO I c~an.>lon (amp11J 12 mi/rs north I I I j l'{tWht (hiklrm's j .(ihrary ..Mmdfia/ I i i~ Ha,pital 212 mi. by ".(' SUPERlOR STU.ET HURON STREET LEGEND 1 WARD MEMORIAL BUILDIN G 2 WIEBOLDT HALL } LEVY MAYER HALL 4 THORNE HALL AND GARY Lt1W LJBRARY 1 ABBOTT HlfLL 6 PlfTTERSON MEAIORIAL BUILDING (PA SSAVA N T HO SPITAL) CHICAGO WESLEY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 8 /\!ORTON MEDICAL RESEARCH 9 VETERANS ADMINISTRATION 10 DEPARTMENT OF NUTRITION BUILDING RESEARCH HOSPITAL AND METABOLISM 111111111 If JACKSON Bl.VO . - •- rl tii1j Station ELEVATED UNES • - STREET CAR LINES BUS NUMBER /J7 .(a Sall,~ Station (jrau (mtral •- ..• •• •••• • • •• OTHER BUS LINES , I 'Dtarhorn Sta;ion FIELD MUSEUM SOLDIER FIELD M ADLER PLANETARIU SHEDD AQUARIUM l /7 MILE sour,, ��1959-60 • SCHOOL OF LAW• NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1959-60</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LIX, no. 35) for the 1959-1960 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1959-1960 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1959 July 27 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN DIRECTORY FOR CORRESPONDENCE Inquiries. ScHooL OF LAw Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Admissions Secretary Admissions General Administrative Assistant Part Placement Secretary University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Placement Placement Secretary Scholarships Secretary Schola. Committee Student Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Transcripts Administrative Assistant Veterans Veterans Education Office Vol. LIX Abbott Hall Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois No. Published Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago . Second Chicago Illinois. ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS TABLE OF CONTENTS CALENDAR FOR OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY FACULTY AND STAFF ORIGIN AND GROWTH OF THE UNIVERSITY FOUNDING AND LOCATION OF THE LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL NTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM ADMISSION PRELEGAL STUDY DEGREES Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science COMBINED DEGREES EXAMINATIONS GRADES CURRICULUM HONORS AND PRIZES TEACHING ASSOCIATES FELLOWSHIPS SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS LOANS PLACEMENT SERVICE TUITION FEES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY PICTURES FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS LEGAL PUBLICATIONS JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION LEGAL RESEARCH STAFF FRATERNITIES GENERAL INFORMATION Abbott Hall Mimeograph Service Part Time Employment Personal Losses Student Health Service University Bookstore Veterans' Education LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION REGISTER OF STUDENTS INDEX MAP OF THE CHICAGO CAMPUS CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS OF THE UNIVERSITY J. RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD WILLIAM S. KERR JAMES M. BROOKS ARTHUR T. ScHMEHLING LYNFORD E. KAUTZ WILLIAM C. BRADFORD JENS NYHOLM ALBAN WEBER FRANK S. ENDICOTT FACULTY AND STAFF JoHN RITCHIE III JOHN EDMUND CooNs HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST ALFRED HILL JAMES WILLIS HOBAN FRED EDWARD INBAU VANCE N. KIRBY BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY PHILIP JOHN MURPHY NATHANIEL Loms NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK JAMES ANDREW RAHL HARRY BROWNE REESE WILLIAM ROBERT ROALFE HowARD RAYMOND SACKS DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER KuRT SCHWERIN CLAUDE RAYMOND SOWLE WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL WILLIAM WILLARD WIRTZ ClivE PARRY ROBERT KRAMER WILLIAM WEBB BRADY KARL DE ScHWEINITZ IRVING GOLDSTEIN ALBERT KEGAN ROBERT MARKS WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER SPECIAL LECTURERS STAFF GARY NATHAN CALKINS OWEN RALL TEACHING ASSOCIATES FRANK M. COVEY HARRY G. Hou JAMES E. PEARCE ALLEN E . SCHECHTER PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H . PEDRICK ROBERT H. GAULT ORDWAY HILTON FRED E. INBAU MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN GAIL J . SORENSON GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M . Louis ANN P. BELL DOROTHY TIFFANY RUTH B. CHAMBERLAIN JULIE L. FREDERICK MADELINE C. BRITAIN ANGELA M . H ENZLER CORA B. GREEN SARAH F. HALPER KATHRYN G. HARDY ARLENE BAROV CORNELLA M. EMRICH JOANNE JuRS SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE KURT SCHWERIN DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E. TEIGLER ADOLFS SPRUDZS DOROTHY KLOFKORN IDA M. OLSON VALLI NIEBUHR CYNTHIA . ENDLER NANCY L. S. HUANG NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A " North Western University" Chicagoans Methodist . " " Northwest. They Chicago . With Evanston " ." . Despite Civil War Chicago . Grad· . Specialized "College Literature Science." . One University' Chicago Campus . Its School Law Medical Dental Schools Graduate School Business Administration Evening Divisions University. Today Northwestern . Its $ . University Evanston Campus. . University . Through . THE EVANSTON CAMPUS Evanston Campus College Liberal Arts Graduate School Schools Music Speech Education Journalism Business Technological Institute Summer Session. About Schools Evanston Campus. Living Women' Quadrangles Men' Quadrangles . . Newest Men' Quadrangles Dwight St. John Bobb Memorial Building McCulloch Hall. THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION THE SCHOOL OF LAW Thomas Hoyne. Union College Law Northwestern University University Chicago. School Northwestern University Northwestern University School Law. School Chicago Campus Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Chicago Avenue ' Chicago' Loop . BUILDINGS Levy Hall Mrs. Levy Chicago . Elbert H. Gary Library Building Elbert H. Gary Class . A Mrs. Hortense Hirsch Mr. Mrs. Levy . Levy Hall Chicago Avenue. On Lowden Hall Governor Frank . Lowden School' . To Lincoln Hall . On ' Booth Hall Henry Booth School . Elbert H. Gary Library . From . On Faculty Room ' Hoyne Hall Thomas Hoyne School Hurd Hall Harvey Bostwick Hurd . On . On . · . On . Lake Michigan School . ROBERT R. McCORMICK HALL On Law School . Named Law School Col. Robert R . McCormick Gothic Levy Hall . Construction Centennial . Robert R. McCormick Hall Elbert H. Gary Library. On . INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Robert R. McCormick Hall ' Teaching Associates Research Assistants . LAW SCHOOL CENTENNIAL Law School. Centennial "Preservation Free Society Law ." Freedom Modern American Economy Criminal Law Administration Free Society Individual Freedom Constitution. Robert R. McCormick Hall . Distinguished Jaw . All . PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School . Its . Nevertheless . Middle Western . Here . School . Leaders . Faculty . School Jaw . To ' . . Buildings . . INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES Ford Foundation Law School International Legal Studies. $ . Part . $ Fellowships ADMISSION Scholarships Grants . . Law School . Dean vVigmore Law Library. School International Law. School International Organization Comparative Law Admiralty Civil Liberties . School Family Law International Business Transactions. Professor Brunson MacChesney. CRIMINAL LAW PROGRAM A Ford Foundation $ Law School . . Six $ $ American . Ford Law School' " " Jaw. < . Later . Professor Fred E. Inbau Professor Claude R. Sowle. ADMISSION New . . An ' . Exceptions . Applicants . School . A ' . Two . · . Servicemen . All Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service."' . • School Law . . . No . Educational Testing Service Nassau Street. Princeton New Jersey. DEGREES . Applications $ . $ . Applications $ . $ . No . Applicants $ . . Chicago School . Committee Admissions. Transfer School Law . Dean School. C . Students . No . Auditors . Forms . PRELEGAL STUDY Among . Such . Unless Faculty . . Ordinarily Bachelor Arts Science English . . Law School. . School . Association American Law Schools. Students School Law Dean Law School. DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law. Before Faculty . DEGREES DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR Juris Doctor ' ( ) School Law . Northwestern University School Law University. Where Faculty ' Juris Doctor "With Distinction" "With Highest Distinction." DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS Bachelor Laws School Law . Northwestern University School Law University. Where Faculty ' Bachelor Laws "With Distinction" "With Highest Distinction." DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS Master Laws . Faculty. A Master Laws ( ) School . ( ) Northwestern Univ Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Journal Air Law Commerce. ( ) . DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE Doctor Juridical Science Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (S.J.D.) Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor. A Doctor Juridical Science ( ) School. ' . ( ) Faculty . Faculty . EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES Faculty. ( ) Dean Jar . ( ) Faculty. Faculty . Candidates . They Faculty. School . COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS . An College Liberal Arts University ( "Admissions" ) Bachelor Arts College ( University Register ) School Law School Law School Law College Liberal Arts. II. A ( ) ' School Law Faculty School Law Bachelor Arts Science . DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW Bachelor Science Law School Law Bachelor Arts Science School Law . EXAMINATIONS Regular . They ' . Although . Examinations . Students Dean . No . CURRICULUM GRADES . A . Grades . Credit . 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FORGOTSON EDWARD H. FOUFAS PLATO C. GALLER GERALD H . GARVEY WILLIAM M. GENESLAW ROBERT GERTZ THEODORE GERSHANOV FRED F. GIVENS CARL E. GLICKMAN RUBIN GOETZ LEWIS . GOLDMAN MELVIN R. GooGASIAN GEORGE A. GOONREY CHARLES . GoRDON JOSEPH GovEDNIK DAVID F. GovEDNIK DONALD R. Goss RICHARD H. GRANT MARVIN GREEN HENRY GREENSTEIN DAVID H . GREENWOOD GLENN GREGORY DONALD J. GREINER GORDON G. GRETICK ANTHONY L. GRIMM VICTOR E. GROSSMAN GEOFFREY F. GUTTMANN EGON GUILFORD RUSSELL . HAIDER THOMAS F. HARDMAN JAMES C. HARRIS REED HARRS LELAND A. HARTMAN ALLEN HATCH ROBERT F. HEIDLAUF HOWARD A. HELFAND MARVIN S. HENNESSY WILLIAM J. HENRY JAMES D. HERMAN JOHN R. HEROUX FRANCIS A. HERRON JAMES M. HIGGINS JAMES E. HILL ROBERT C. HILLEBRAND LAWRENCE A. JR. HIMELSTEIN MANDEL E. HOCHBERG LARRY J. BOGREN CHARLES V. Hou HARRY G.. HOMEL HARVEY B. HOUSER THOMAS J. HOWARD A. CARTER JR. HOWARD LEE M. HUNT PAUL F. HUNTER DANIEL R. JAMES KENNETH J. JANETZKE RONALD H. JANGER RICHARD K . JANKA JOHN JOHNSON H. ARVID JOHNSON RODNEY K. JORGENSEN ROBERT G. JOVAN WILLIAM J. KAHN CHARLES H. KALLMAN ROBERT L. KANTER ARNOLD A. KAPLAN AUBREY F. KARZEN HERBERT A. KARONES JOHN G. KASTL JOSEPH W. KASTLER HENRY KATZ GILBERT J. KELLER MATTHEW J. KENTOFF DAVID R. KENWELL DOUGLAS A. KISSEL RICHARD J. KOHOUT FRED J. KLEIMAN DAVID H. KOCH JOHN S. KORBAKES CHRIS A. KOLAR EDWARD J. KORFMACHER JILL KORSHAK TED A. KOSMO ND JAMES N. KRAMER GERALD L. KRONENBERG JERRY KRUPA LAWRENCE . KUSPER STANLEY T. JR. KUSTIN CARL JR. LAAS FREDERICK H. LA BELLE CLIFFORD W. LADON RICHARD J. LANE PETER LAURY EVERETT L. LEE IN SONG LEV ARNOLD M. LEVIN ALLAN E. LEVY CHARLES G. LEVY CHARLES M. LEVY MORRIS A. LEwis ROGER F. LICHTENSTEIN RICHARD M. LOOSE THOMAS A. LOUNDY RICHARD A. LUNDE LAWSON C. MACK JOHNNY M. MAGIDSON SHERMAN C. MALLOY JAMES . MALONEY DOUGLAS P. MARSHALL CHARLES B. MARTIN GORDON E. MARX ERNEST L. MAY SIDNEY A. MATTHIAS RUSSELL H. JR. McDONNELL THOMAS J. MCINTOSH BRUCE B. McNAMARA JEROME F. MEEGAN FRANCES L. MELBER NORBERT MERSON EDGAR G. MEYER ScoTT J. MICHAELS DONALD . MIGDAL SHELDON P. MILLER JOEL L. MILLER MICHAEL . MILLER NAN C. MILLER ROBERT H. MINER BERTRAM L. MINTZ ARTHUR M. MISHKIN EDWIN B. MITTEN ROGER C. MONROE LEE A. MooRE MARK L. MOREHOUSE MICHAEL L. MORRIS JOHN P. MRKVICKA STEPHEN J. MURPHY J. MARCUS NEDRUD DUANE R. NEIBERG SAMUEL . NEWMAN MARVIN E. NORCROSS JOHN D. NoTZ EDWARD U. O'MALLEY ROBERT E. O'MEARA HERBERT J. O'MEARA JmIN F. ORLYN BORIS M. ORNER RONALD A. OUCHI KAZUOMI PASSARELLA LAWRENCE A. PATTERSON BURTON H. PATTERSON ROBERT . PEARL MELVIN F. PEARCE JIM PERLOW MICHAEL PHILLIPS GEORGE PINSKI RONALD L. POEHLMANN THEODORE POLISKY LESTER E. PRITIKIN RENEE . REDFEARN B. WILSON REINSDORF JERRY M. REZEK RICHARD A. RIEDL EDMUNDE D. RIVKIN CHARLES T. RobiN SIDNEY RoIN ALLAN G. ROONEY JOHN G. RoSELLINI DONALD E. ROSEN GEORGE M. Ross SANFORD R. ROTHSTEIN JEROME M. ROTHSTEIN PAUL F. RUBIN GEORGE A. RUSIN ARLINE J. RusT WILLIAM A. RUTHER RONALD W. SAMAHA JOEL B. SAMPSON WALTER W. JR. SAVIO ROBERT F. SCHAPIRO SHELDON M. SAGER JERROLD L. Skokie SCHECHTER ALLEN E. SCHEFFRES ALAN J. ScHELLY KARL SCHRAGER LEONARD J. S CHWARTZ MICHAEL R . S CHWARTZ RONALD S. SHELIST MICHAEL R. SHEPPARD BERTON S. SHIM KIE YOUNG SHUBERT NORMAN A. SKJOLDAGER ALLEN G. SIMON ERNEST D. SIMPSON ROGER M. JR. SMITH GUY P. SMITH III JOHN FRANCIS SPANOS GEORGE D. Jr. SPRINGER CLEMENT F. JR. STANSELL PAUL R. STATHOUDAKIS MANUSOS . STEFFEN WILLIAM E. STEMM PAUL G. STERN STEVEN B. STONE JOSEPH L. STRASSBURGER ERNEST P. JR. STRECKERT KENNETH E. SWANSON ALAN H. SwEIG ALLAN G. TAKIFF SANFORD E . THOMAS VERNON B. THOMPSON JAMES R. TISHLER LOUIS B. JR. TOMLINSON GEORGE J. TOWNSEND JOSEPH TSAO CHIEN TYKSINSKI TERRENCE J. VAN VooREN ROBERT A. VENTURINI VENTURINO VER HuEL WILLIAM R. VERTUNO ANTHONY A. VIGUS FRANK E. WAHLs MYRON H. WALLER RICHARD W. WARD HORACE T. WAXMAN HERBERT . WEBSTER GEORGE E. WEGNER DANIEL F. WEISE JOHN T. WEISE RICHARD H. WEISMAN JAY WHEATLEY JOHN C. WINER SHERWIN M. WINSBERG BERNARD G. WIRT JAMES J. WITZ CHARLES J. WOJCIK ERNEST L. WoMACK JAMES . Woon FREEMAN J. WoooY WARREN H. YASTROW SHELBY YOUNG GERALD R. YOUNG THOMAS J. ZELDEN JEROME J. ZIMMERMAN NORMAN E. ZooK GARY C. INDEX Abbott Hall Admission Alumni Association Application Auditors Bachelor Arts Bachelor Laws Bachelor Science Law Bills Bookstore Buildings Calendar Coif Order Combined Courses Criminal Law Program Curriculum Degrees Deposit Doctor Juridical Science Employment Examinations Faculty Fees Fellowships Financial Foundations Founding Law School Fraternities Funds Gary Elbert H. Library General Grades Grants Health Honors International Legal Journal Air Law Commerce Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Juris Doctor Legal Legal Legal Library Elbert H. Gary Limitation Linthicum Charles Clarence Foundation Loan Location Law School Map Master Laws Mimeograph Northwestern University Law Review Officers University Origin University Personal Pictures Placement Prelegal Prizes Program School Publications Raymond James Nelson Anna Louise Foundation Rebates Refunds Register Required Rosenthal Julius Foundation Schedules Scholarships Staff Student Student Teaching Thatcher Frank H. Memorial Fund Towle Henry Sargent Memorial Fund Tuition Veterans' Withdrawals https://plrccollections.org/files/original/b68fffbfbbaba1af67357b3aae5b7097.pdf 7ede086d93fcfa7e9ec67eae100c01fc PDF Text Text THE SCHOOL OF LAW VOL. LVI • MAY 28, 1956 • No. 26 ��ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1956-57 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS �CALENDAR 1956 SEPT. 17-18 Monday- Tuesday Registration for first semester. SEPT. 19 Wednesday Orientation day for entering students. SEPT. 20 Thursday Classes b egin. Nov. 22-24 Thursday-Saturday DEC. Thanksgiving recess. Christmas recess begins. 22 Saturday 1957 JAN. Classes resume. 7 Monday JAN. 18 Friday C lasses close. JAN, 21 Monday Examination period begins. 30 Weclnesday Examination period closes. JAN , JAN. FEB. 30-31 Wednesday-Thursday Registration for second semester. Second semester classes begin. 4 Monday APRIL 13 Saturday Spring recess begins. APRIL 22 Monday Classes resume. MAY 24 Friday Classes close. 27 Monday Examination period begins. MAY JUNE 5 Wednesday Examination period closes. JUNE 17 Monday NINETY-NINTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. JUNE 17 Monday Registration for su mmer term. JUNE 19 Wednesday Summer term classes begin . JULY 4 Thursday Holiday. AUGUST 9 Friday Classes close. AUGUST 12-15 Monclay-Thursclay Examination period. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 A.M aud 5:00 P.M. The schedu le of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. Levy Mayer Hall and Elbert H. Gary Library are open to students from 8:00 A.M. to 10:00 P.M. Monday through Friday, 9:00 A.M . to 5:00 P.M. on Saturday, and from 2:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. By special permission of the Dean, students may be permitted to use the stu dy rooms of the b uilding at other hours. Northwestern Un iversity Bulletin is publ ished by Northwestern University week ly from December to th e end of th e academ ic year, at 309 East Chicago Avenue , Chicago, Illinois. Entered as second-class m ail matter September 26, 1947, at the post office at Chicago, Illinois, unde r Act of Congress of August 24, 1912 ; acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917 , authorized on June 14, 19 18. 2 �OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY President of the University Vice-President and Dean of Faculties WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business JHanager A. C. VAN DUSEN, PH.D., Vice-President and Director of Public Relations JAMES M. BROOKS, C.P.A., Administrative Assistant lo the President JENS NYHOLM, M .A., University Librarian FRANK S. ENDICOTT, P1-1.D., DirectC!r of University Placement KENNETH F. BURGESS, President of the Board of Trustees PHILIP R. CLARKE, Vice-President LESTER J. NORRIS, Vice-President RAWLEIGH WARNER, Vice -President STANLEY G. HARRIS, Secretmy ROBERT A. GARDNER, Treasurer, General Funds WESLEY M. DIXON, Treasurer, Endowment Funds J. RoscoE MILLER, M .D., LL.D., Sc.D., PAYSON S. W1LD, PH.D., LL.D., HAROLD H. ANDERSON "MRS. ROBERT R. BAKER RALPH M. HUESTON DOWNING B. J ENKS "JAMES R. LEAVELL "RALPH A. BARD JAMES M. BARKER Joi-IN J. LOUIS "ALFRED W. BAYS "BENTLEY G. MCCLOUD CARLETON BLUNT FOSTER G. MCGAW "AUBREY H . MELLINGER "BERTRAM J. CAHN GEORGE R. CAIN JAMES J. NANCE T ILDEN L. CUMMINGS JAMES F. OATES, "WALTER J. CUMMINGS WILLIAM A. JR. PATTERSON *HOLMAN D. PETTIBONE PAULS. CUMMINS *IRWIN "GEORGE B. DRYDEN REw H. "JOHN M. ELLIOTT GILBERT "WILLIAM T. FARICY JOHN G. SEARLE SCRIBNER HAROLD A. SMITH ROLAND D. FELTMAN "'\,VADE FETZER *FRANKLYN B. SNYDER LEONARD P . SPACEK WADE FETZER, JR. GAYLORD A. FREEMAN, JR. "EI.MER T. STEVENS WILLIS D. GALE JAMES F. STILES, JR. DAVID GRAHAM MRS. ROBERT C. SUHR RAYMOND C . WIEBOLDT JAY L. HENCH THEODORE V. KENNETH V. ZWIENER HOUSER ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES RAY BOND EADEN DAVIS HAROLD A. BOSLEY THOMAS B. Luce CHARLES W. BRASHARES C. GORDON PHILLIPS HARRY A. BREWER ELWOOD H. SCHNEIDER •Life TrusLee. 3 �FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CA NFIELD HAVIGHURST, M .A ., LL.B. , LL.D. , Dean and Professor of Law JOHN EDMUND CooNs, -B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean and Assistant Professor of Law ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Law, Emeritus FRED EDWARD INBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law "BRUNSON MACCHESNEY, B.A., J .D., Professor of Law PHILIP JmIN 1\-fuRPHY, A .B., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law, Raymond Foundation NATl;lANIEL Loms NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D ., Professor of Law **.W.U.e-A-RD--liIRAM--P £DRJGK, B. ., j.D-:;-Prof-essor of !.;aw ALAN. NORMAN POLASKY, B.S., J.D ., Associate Professor of Law JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S., J.D., Professor of Law HARJl.Y BROWNE REESE, B.A., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law WILI;IAM ROBERT ROALFE, LL.B., Professor of Law and Librarian HOWARD RAYMOND SACKS, B.A., LL.B., Associate Professor of Law DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL, M.A., J.D ., Associate Professor of Law WILLIAM "WILLARD 'WIRTZ, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law ~AUGHN CHARLES BALL, ' A.B., LL.B., Visiting Professor of Law, First Semester 1955-56 JOSEPH DAINOW, B.A., B.C.L., Docteur en Droit, S.J.D., Visiting Professor of Law, Second Semester 1955-56 RITCHIE GILRUTH DAVIS, A.B., J.D., Visiting Professor of Law, 1955-56 Jol-IN CoAWS O'BYRNE, JR ., A .B., M.S., LL.B., Visiting· Professor of Law, 1956-57 I {· • I./ : I WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Leg·al Accounting K.A.lu.-J)E--8GHWEINIT , B>A ., PH.D., Lecturer< on Corporate Industry IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on Trial Technique ..B.o.BER-'.F--H ,1,N-bli.-Y,-B.S., ~D-:;--beeture on Mili-tary Law lJE$Y LEO...IIILL, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Transportation JA.'\'.lES...PA.LMER JOHNSON, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Estate Planning JosEPH RICHARD JULIN, B.S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Future Interests ALBERT KEGAN, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer on Patents, Copyrights, and Consumer Protective Legislation VANCE l'i. KIRBY, A .B., LL.B., Lecturer on Taxation ROBERT MARKS, B.S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Restitution ~,...A..B., cturer on D evelopment of Atomic Energy WILLIS S. R YZA, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Labor Law WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D ., LL.D. , Lecturer on Law and Society JOHN PAUL STEVENS, A.B., J .D., Lecturer on Corporate Industry EDWAIID::GU:A--VEL:AND SWEENE¥-, A.Jt, J .D ., I:E.M ., Professor of Law SPECIAL LECTURERS V1RGl OWEN RALL, A.B., J.D. PETEI<S"ON, A .B., J .D ., LL.D. TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1955-56 I J. WILLI M BRAI"VHWAITE, B.A., LLB. 1 FLORENCE'RUnI GRAHAM, B.A., J.D. •on leave of absence 1955-56 . .. On leave of absence 1956-57. 4 WILLIAM PENROSE HIGMAN, B.A. EDWARD RAYMOND LEV, LLB. �STAFF PUBLICATIONS STAFF W'1LLARD H. PEDRICK, Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review ROBERT H. GAULT, PH.D ., Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Editor, Police Science Section, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science FRED E. lNBAU, Managing D irector, J ournal of Crirninal Law, Criminology and Police Science G. Sw=e--~d-1t-&l'-,- J01""'1w,1-ef--A-i1••,ba:11,-anfl. CommerGe ..EllwARD MARIE D . CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager, Legal Puhlications GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M. Loms, Executive Secretary JANE B. STEVENSON, Registrar MARY CRAWFORD, Secretary to the Dean MARY P. MASSEY, Receptionist, General Office JUNE R . PEDRICK, Faculty Secretary DOROTHY A. KORHUMEL, Faculty Secretary HELEN R. ROSENTHAL, Faculty Secretary SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Assistant ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF ,v1LLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., Librarian KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S ., PH.D., Assistant Librarian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., Head, Book Selection ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A., Reference Librarian ADOLFS SPRUDZS, L.S.C.F., L.S.P.D., Head, Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Assistant IDA M. OLSON, Secretary MARIA CHUDZINS.KA, Reference Assistant HELEN HoLLERT, Cataloguing Assistant 5 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A charter establishing "the North Western University" was granted on January 28, 1851, to nine young Chicagoans-three lawyers, a physician, two businessmen, and three leading Methodist ministers. It was their dream to establish "a university of the highest order of excellence" to meet the educational needs of the rapidly developing territory of the northwest. They decided to set up their university, not in the raw metropolis of Chicago, but in the virgin wilderness twelve miles to the north. With their meager funds they bought 380 acres of land, now the campus and the central part of the city of Evanston, erected a modest frame building, and in November, 1855, opened their "university." It consisted of ten young men and two professors. Despite the difficulties caused by the Civil w·ar, recurring financial panics, and the disastrous Chicago fire of 1871, the young university survived and grew. Gradually professional schools of medicine, law, and dentistry were affiliated. Specialized new departments branched out from the original "College of Literature and Science." In 1869 a daring step was taken and women were admitted. One of the momentous events in the University's history occurred in 1926, when the great Chicago Campus was dedicated. Its magnificent buildings house the School of Law, the Medical and Dental Schools, the graduate division of the School of Commerce, and the Evening Divisions of the University. Today Northwestern is an institution of world-wide influence, with 90,000 living alumni. Its thirteen schools are located on two campuses, with land and buildings valued at $47,000,000. The full-time enrollment of the University is about 8,400 students; of this number approximately 6,700 are enrolled on the Evanston Campus. The faculty consists of approximately 1,200 members. The bound volumes in the libraries of the University total approximately 1,185,000. Through the years it has given educational training to more than a quarter of a million students, made many significant contributions to knowledge through research, and benefited thousands through its clinics. THE EVANSTON CAMPUS The Evanston Campus includes the following schools: College of Liberal Arts; the Graduate School; the Schools of Music, Speech, Education, Journalism , and Commerce; the Technological Institute; and the Summer Session. About eighty buildings house the classrooms, laboratories, dormitories, gymnasium, library, lecture halls, and offices of the Schools on the Evanston Campus. Living quarters for students are provided in the Women's Quadrangles opposite the south end of the campus and in several halls nearby, and in the Men's Quadrangles along the lake front on the north campus. The beach which borders the ninety-acre campus is reserved for students and faculty. Newest additions to the Men's Quadrangles are two dormitories for freshman men, Dwight St. John Bobb Memorial Building and McCulloch Hall. 6 �THE LA,,V SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION T HE SCHOOL OF LAW was founded in 1859 by Thomas Hoyne. In 1873, as the . Union College of Law, it came under the joint control of Northwestern University and th_e old University of Chicago. When the latter institution ceased to exist, the School came under the control of Northwestern University, and in 1891 became Northwestern University School of Law. The School is located on th e Chicago Campus in two buildings erected in 1925, overlooking Lake Michigan a t L ake Shore Drive a nd Chicago Avenu e, within a few minutes' walk of Chicago's Loop district. BUILDINGS Levy Mayer Hall is the gift of th e la te Mrs. Levy Mayer in memory of her husband, an eminent member of the Chicago bar. The Elbert H. Gary Library Building and the library which it houses are the gifts of the late Elbert H. Gary, of the Class of 1867. A beautiful cloistered garden, enclosed by an arched wall connecting the wings of the two buildings, is the gift of Mrs. Hortense Mayer Hirsch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Levy Mayer . . The main entrance to Levy Mayer Hall is on Chicago Avenue. On the first floor is the entrance lobby, which opens to the south onto the garden arcade; to the east into Lowden Hall, a commodious lounge named for Governor Frank 0. Lowden , one of the School's distinguished alumni. To the west, a corridor leads to majestic Lincoln Hall, which has a seating capacity of approximately four hundred persons. On the second floor are the general offices overlooking the garden, professors' offices, and Booth Hall, with a seating capacity of 140, named for Henry Booth, the first professor and dean of the School from 1859 to 1891. The entrance to the alcoved reading room of Elbert H. Gary Library is also on this floor. From within, the two buildings seem as one. On the third floor are the Faculty Room, professors' offices, Hoyne Hall, named for Thomas Hoyne, the founder of the School, and Hurd Hall, named for Harvey Bostwick Hurd, a professor from 1863 to 1902, both classrooms with seating capacities of 80 to 100 persons. On the fourth floor are study and seminar rooms, each of which accommodates from six to fifteen students. On the ground floor are lockers, storage and supply rooms, mimeographing service, vaults, showers, etc. The halls, classrooms, offices, lounges, study and reading rooms of the buildings are spacious and artistically finished and appointed. On the walls are numerous paintings and etchings of eminent judges and lawyers from many countries, also many reproductions and photographs of documents, trials, and persons famous in legal history. The surroundings of gardens, parks, and Lake Michigan and the tall buildings of the other schools to the west give the School seclusion in the heart of a great city. PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL The School does not confine its interests to any particular locality or region. Its students are drawn from all parts of the country and indeed from all over the world. Nevertheless, its geographical location presents opportunities and imposes responsibilities which are influential in shaping its program. The Middle , ,vestern region includes a wide variety of interests. H ere are the instruments of industry and trade in all of their forms, centers of control for ex- 7 �ADMISSION tensive business enterprise, institutions that supply credit, protection, communication, transportation, and numerous other services; and here necessarily are agencies of government at all levels. It is possible for the School to draw upon this area for much that is valuable in its educational program. Leaders of the legal profession, of government, and of business are within reach to share with students and faculty their wisdom and experience. Faculty members, working in bar association committees, counseling in government, arb itrating disputes between management and labor and otherwise participa ting in the affairs of the community, are able to impart to the classroom discussions an increased significance and vitality. The School also recognizes its responsibil ity in contributing a service to the interests and population of this area and in training young men and women in the processes of law and governm ent to deal with the multitude of problems and conflicts that necessarily a rise in a section which concentrates so varied an assortment of activities within a single community. To this end it offers training in the skills and tradition of the lawyer's craft; it provides scholarships and fellowships for those who show high promise and would otherwise be unable to obtain adequate professional training. The periodicals which it publishes foster research by students and faculty and provide a means of making available the results to the bar and to the public. Buildings, library and living quarters furnish a stimulating environment for a wholesome intellectual and professional life. The program as a whole is designed to maintain a close contact with the current realities of the legal world, a nd at the same time to hold fa st to the cultural values essential to a learned profession. ADMISSION New students are admitted at the beginning of the first semester. Under special circumstances when there is a sufficient demand, provision may be made for the admission of new students in February or June. An applicant for admission must have obtained a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved college, or must have completed three years of acceptable study (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) in an approved college. A complete transcript of the applicant's· college record and of any work done in a professional or other school, together with evidence of any degree he may have received, must be filed with his application, or as soon thereafter as it can be obtained. A photograph of the applicant must also be filed with the application. If there have been appreciable intervals during the course or since the completion of his college work, the applicant must indicate his activities during such intervals, and if he has been employed, must give the names and addresses of his employers and submit statements from them showing the type and quality of service applicant has rendered and the reasons for the termination of such service. Servicemen will be supplied forms for indicating their military service records. All applicants for admission are required to take the Law School Admission Test, administered by the Educational Testing Service." The test may be taken whether or not application for admission has been previously filed . The test scores will be used to supplement college records, recommendations, interviews, and other factors bearing upon admission to law school. An application must be accompanied by the application fee of $5 which will not be returned . If the applicant attends, the $5 fee will be applied as a payment on other fees. Applicants accepted for admission are required to make a deposit of • The School of Law, together with a number of other law schools, is cooperating in the administration of this test. It is given in man y colleges and universities throughout the country, so that a minimum of trave l is required. N o speci al pre parati o n is necessary. For detailed information and applica tion blanks, write to the Educational Testing Service, 20 Nassau Street, Princeton , New Jersey. 8 �PRELEGAL STUDY $25 within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit will not be refunded, but will be applied as part payment of tuition. If the applicant resides in or near Chicago, he may be requested to come to the School for a conference. In the discretion of the Dean, applicants not exceeding ten in number for any one year who do not meet the minimum requirements for admission but who possess the general educational qualifications for admission to the Illinois bar may be admitted as special students not candidates for a degree. The admission of students from other law schools as candidates for a degree and the granting of advanced standing for credits obtained in any such school rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. Students of other schools may be admitted for a single term or for certain courses on a certificate of good standing. No applicant will be admitted who has been denied readmission to another law school. Auditors who are not candidates for a degree may be admitted to certain courses in such numbers a:; will not interfere with the work of the students registered for such courses. The School reserves the right to deny admission to any applicant for any reason which it considers adequate. Forms for making application will be supplied on request. PRELEGAL STUDY Among the many values lo be derived from college study, maturity is of peculiar importance to the study of law. Such maturity comes from rigorous intellectual discipline derived from the mastery of any study undertaken by a student, rather than from the mere content of the subject matter. Although students may enter the School of Law with three years of college preparation, it is the opinion of the Faculty that, except under special circumstances, only relatively mature students should enter before securing an academic degree. The preparation for the study of law is an individual problem. Ordinarily a student would do well to follow a Bachelor of Arts or Science program with emphasis on English, history, economics, and political science. In addition, time should be found for courses in speech, accounting, and statistic.al method. But students differ widely in their tastes, and college courses vary greatly in the stimulation and discipline afforded the student. The School, therefore, does not prescribe particular courses for admission. In this it follows the policy of the Association of American Law Schools. Students who are preparing to enter the School of Law should consult with their college prelegal advisers. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student will be recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character and must have complied with the requirements of the degree for which he is a candidate.' DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR The degree of Juris Doctor will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved college (not including any credit for Jaw study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semester- 9 �DEGREES hours of credit in the School of Law, during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the c.ase of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree of Juris Doctor may be awarded "With Distinction" or "With Highest Distinction." 1.\ 1\ DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred upon students admitted on the oasis of three years (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) of satisfactory credit from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law during a last year must be residence period of three academic years or the eqmvalent. in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. J:he II. By a vote of the Faculty upon petition a special student may become a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws upon the following conditions: (a) At the time of beginning his studies in this School the student must have been at least twenty-three years of age. (b) The student must have completed at least one academic year of work in this School before filing his petition for admission as a candidate for a degree. (c) The student must have attained in the studies pursued in this School an average standing of 74. (d) The student must satisfy the Faculty, apart from formal proof of his general education, that he has had such exceptional education, training, or experience as in its judgment qualifies him to be a candidate for the degree. \1/hen so admitted, the candidate shall be entitled to receive the degree of Bachelor of Laws on the same conditions required of other candidates for the degree, except that he must have achieved a minimum grade average of 74. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship merits special recognition, the degree of Bachelor of Laws may be awarded "With Distinction" or "With Hig·hest Distinction." DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this or some other university or college having equal requirements in that regard. In unusual cases this requirement may be waived by vote of the Faculty. A candidate for the degree of Master of Laws will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 15 semester-hours in courses not previously counted toward the first degree in law. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results, of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review. (c) The passing of an examination covering his general legal attainments. 10 �DEGREES DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science-Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (S .J.D.) -may be conferred upon candidates who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equal requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equal to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor. A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence at this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its proper committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, as to both subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. The mechanical form of the manuscript shall be subject to the approval of the Faculty. (c) The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. (d) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had experience either in practicing or in teaching law, and who have developed some scholarly objective. Candidates are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity of instructing students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. The opportunities afforded by the School and the community for graduate study are in all practical respects unlimited. COMBINED DEGREES 11 .J L ~t 1..1 / tt.. .t. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS I ' --~ A"' • •• I • ifne degree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred upe st-udepts who have secured credit in the College of Liberal Arts of this niversity,,! 135 quarterhours, in accordance with its requirements (see the University Register for particulars) , upon the further satisfactory completion of 27 semester-hours of the first-year courses in the School of Law, or upon the completion of such equivalent courses in the School of Law as may be approved by the faculties of the School of Law and the College o{ ¼Jberal rts. '-i.. / II. A student presentmg three •ears of college credit (90 semester-hours) from another approved college of arts and sciences, may, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law.!. receive from the Faculty a certificate i-equesting the faculty of his original college to recognize his work in this School of Law as the equivalent of a fourth year in college and to recommend him for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science in that college or university. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW The degree of Bachelor of Science in Law will be conferred upon students who are admitted to the School of Law~ n the basis of three years (90 semester-hours) of college credit, and who are not · candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts II • ,i. �EXAMINATIONS AND GRADES or Science, upon the satisfactory comp letion of the first year's work in the School of Law with a grade average of not less than 68. APPLICATION FOR DEGREE Applica tion for a degree must be made in writing and filed with the Secretary during the period the candidate is registered in the School. The graduation fee must be pa id at the same time. r\n application for a degree will not be accepted after a student's registration has terminated. EXAMINATIONS Regular exam in ations are given in all formal courses. They are for the purpose of affording a basis for the detennination of the student's rela tive mastery of the subject upon which he is examined. Although examinations provide the most important source for this purpose, the written work done in connection with a course, the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion, the contacts generally with the professor in charge incident to the development of a course, are all of great value in rating the standing of a student. Examinations in individual or seminar studies may or may not be given, depending upon the character of the subject and the nature of the instruction. No re-examination will be given in any course for the purpose of raising a grade obtained therein on a prior examination unless the student again regularly rakes the course, or in the case of individual studies, does further work as may be required. Students who are eligible, but for good reason are unable to take an examination, may with the permission of the Dean take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course. l\o special examinations are given. GRADES The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above 1·epresents work of the highest distinction . Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 55 through 67, but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 55 is received. A student who at the end of any tenu after his first term in School has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails t.o attain an average grade of 68 over his entire com·se is . ineligible for a degree. In studies and courses in which no formal exam ination is given, only grades of P or F will be recorded, except that work done in seminars in which written papers are required may be given a numerical grade. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. CURRICULUM* 1956-57 TIME By attending in the summer terms a student may comp lete his entire course in less than twenty-nine months from the date of entrance. This program requires •In the description of courses, the figure in parentheses following th e designation of each u,u rsc represents credit•hou rs. 12 �CURRICULUM attendance for forty-one weeks in the year. H a student elects not to attend the summer term, he may complete the course in three years. INSTRUCTION The work of the first year is designed to give the student an understanding of the basic legal principles and concepts. In the second and third years, courses dealing with related subject matters are scheduled in the same term where experieoce indicates that this is o[ advantage to the student. In the third year the student is offered a choice among a number of courses and seminars. Although the School in the work leading to the first degree in law does not attempt to train specialists, it is possible in the third yea r for a student to devote a part of his time to a specialized field. In the basic courses of the first year case analysis predominates, but there is also opportunity for lectures and library work as well as for exercises in written and oral expression under close supervision of faculty and staff members. In the second and third years, case analysis diminishes while problem study, seminars, research, writing, discussion and lectures increase. It is recognized that problems of law, especially those dealt with in the more advanced courses, are closely related to problems of business and government. Consequently, in order to provide adequate training for the practice of law, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies and extensive use is made of lecturers drawn not only from the profession but from the business community and government. LIMITATION OF WORK Courses totaling 15 credit-hours in each semester, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions, and no student will be permitted to register for additional courses. A student who is under any serious handicap, such as physical disability, the necessity of earning part of his expenses, or commuting for long distances, should reduce his program. A student may be limited in his registration if in the op inion of rhe Dean he cannot undertake a full schedule with a prospect of success. FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law af Contracts (2nd ed .). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. CRIMINAL LAW (3) MR. INBAU Origins and sources of criminal law; specific crimes-murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson; doctrinal bases of responsibility; defenses; confessions and general police practices respecting arrested persons; causes of crime, remedies, defects in the machinery of law enforcement; procedures. Inbau and Allen, Modern Problems of Criminal Law and Its Ad111inistration : Cases and Readings (mimeographed). 13 �CURRICULUM (2) MR. ROALFE and TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises in writing and in u se of the library. The student is required to prepare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed upon developing the power of written expression and facility in legal research. Lectures and individual conferences. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH MR. SCHUYLER, MR. JULIN (4) Introduction to the law of real property. Historical background and basic property concepts; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests a t common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modem property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (2nd ed.). PROPERTY I (3) MR. SACKS Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, and inducement of breach of contract; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, The Judicial Process in Tort Cases (2nd ed.). TORTS The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. SECOND SEMESTER (2) MR. TRUMBULL Consideration of individual, partnership, corporate and other forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; duties and liabilities of employer and employee to one another. Steffen, Cases on Agency (2nd ed.). AGENCY (4) MR. NATHANSON , MR. SACKS The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. HAVIGHURST (3) The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. CONTRACTS MR. JULIN (2) Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory . interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law FUTURE INTERESTS of Future Interests. MR. lNBAU (1) Preparation of written briefs and the oral argument of cases. Alumni of the School who are judges or practicing attorneys supply the records, which are usually MOOT COURT 14 �CURRICULUM based upon cases in a prelitigation stage. Each student participates in the preparation of the briefs and in the oral argument, both of which must conform to actual appellate court procedures. All cases are judged by alumni serving as members of a three-judge appellate court. Lectures and readings on appell ate court practice. TORTS (3) MR. RAHL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (4) MR. NATHANSON The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of administrative determinations. CIVIL PROCEDURE (3) MR. REESE Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary jud~ments; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; full faith and credit; appellate review. Field and Kaplan, Materials for a Basic Course in Civil Procedure,- Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts; Illinois Civil Practice Act; Illinois Supreme Court Rules of Practice and Procedure; and supplementary mimeographed materials. The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. COMMERCIAL LAW (2) MR. TRUMBULL Sales and credit transactions: the title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, cash against documents transactions, bills of lading, warehouse receipts, letters of credit, fraudulent transfers, chattel mortgages, conditional sales, accounts receivable financing, trust receipts; commercial and investment paper: the concept of negotiability, notes, bills of exchange, checks, bonds and similar instruments. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Aigler, Cases on Bills and Notes (2nd ed.).; Uniform Commercial Code. The course is continued in the second semester and carries five hours of credit for the year. EVIDENCE (4) MR. POLASKY The competency, examination, and privileges of witnesses; offers of evidence and objections thereto; the test of relevancy; demonstrative evidence; documentary evidence; evidence unlawfully obtained; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; the burden of proof and presumptions; judicial notice; cases and illustrated lectures on scientific methods of proof. McConnick, Cases on Evidence. FEDERAL TAXATION I (2) MR. O'BYRNE The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Cary and Pedrick, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed) . 15 �CURRICULUM SECOND SEMESTER ACCOUNTING (1) MR. POLASKY, MR. BRADY Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who are proficient in accounting techniques. APPELLATE ADVOCACY (1) TEACHING ASSOCIATES Supervised brief writing and oral argument on cases raising legal issues of current interest. The objective is to provide brief writing experience comparable to the writing experience available to those students who write for and edit the legal publications. Individual instruction is given to the end that acceptable brief writing is achieved. Required of all students who do not complete a specified amount of writing for the Law Review. CIVIL PROCEDURE (3) MR. REESE The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. COMMERCIAL LAW (3) MR. TRUMBULL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. (1) MR. REESE Supervised observation and critical analysis of the preparation and conduct of pending judicial and administrative proceedings. These studies are carried on in cooperation with judges, administrative officials and practicing attorneys. INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP STUDIES REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (4) MR. 0-BYRi\E Transfer of interests in land by deed, the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; rights in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; readings in related problems of real estate finance. (3) MR. SCHUYLER Origin of trusts; formal elements of the trust structure; creation of trusts both inter vivos and testamentary for the family; qualifications and resignations and renewal of trustees; administration of the fund and principles of trust accounting; rights and liabilities of third persons; terminations of trusts; procedural problems in trust administratioh; purposes effected by equity through the use of the trust device. Bogert, Cases on Trusts. TRUSTS WILLS (1) MR. SCHUYLER Administration of decedents' estates; power of testation and its formal requirements; revocation, republication , and revival of wills; probate and contest of wills; collection and management; distribution and settlement. Leach, Cases ancl Text on the Law of Wills . THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CORPORATE RELATIONS (5) MR. 1"1AcCHESNEY Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets , profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; 16 �CURRICULUM consolidation and merg·er, together with the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Casebook to be announced; Cary and MacChesney, Problems and Supplementary Materials on Corporations (mimeographed). I (4) LABOR RELATIONS MR. WIRTZ Organization and representation of emp loyees; laws applicable to strikes, picketing, boycotts, etc.; inter-union and intra-union relations; collective bargaining contracts; settlement of wag·e disputes, including general problems of mediation and arbitration. Mathews and others, La bor Relations Cases and Materials. MILITARY LAW (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to military law designed primarily to provide a background for legal work in the military services but adapted also to the need of civilian lawyers for some knowledge of this branch of the law; lectures, problems, discussions and films dealing with military jurisdiction, courts-martial procedures, and federal legislation affecting servicemen and their dependents. Hanley, Materials on Militar y Law (mimeographed) and Manual for Courts-Martial 195.1. SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY MR. l\1AcCHESNEY , MR. RAHL, MR . STEVENS, MR. DE SCHWEINITZ An exploration of problems of public policy common to corporate, labor, and trade relations. A summary analysis of the economic framework on which the legal rules in the three fields are built. Assigned readings. TRADE RELATIONS (4) MR. RAHL State and federal law and policy relating to commercial and industrial trade activity, with emphasis on the antitrust laws; also consideration of problems underlying the Fair Trade laws, unfair competition , misleading advertising, boycotts, price discrimination , exclusive dealing, etc. Oppenheim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl , Readings ancl Supt,le·m entary Cases on Trade Regulation (mimeographed). SEMINAR (2) MR. MACCHESNEY Comparative Law Survey of the comparative method; survey of the sources of Roman law as the background of modern civil law systems; the functions of the judge in Roman, Medieval , modern French and German legal systems as compared with his role in common law systems; the role of precedent in the civil and common law; the enforcement of tort and contract obligations in French and German law. Dawson, Cornpara.tive Law Mat erials; supplementary readings. MR. RAMEY Dev elopment of Ato111.ic Energy Study of current and emerging lega l problems in atomic energy development, with emphasis on the transition from government financed contract operations to privately financed industrial work under AEC regulation . Consideration of problems facing counsel for industry and government, such as licensing of private atomic power facilities, including insurance and indemnity against atomic hazards; access to atomic information and AEC laboratories; patents; ownership and use of nuclear materials. The role of private industry as contractor and licensee in the atomic energy program will be compared. MR. POLASKY Estate Planning The application of principles from Wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions , with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. 17 �CURRICULUM MR. REESE Government and Land Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. jurisprudence MR. SAcJ..s The nature of law and of the judicial process; the relation of law to logic and to ethics; the various schools of jurisprudence; the policy foundation of certain areas of substantive law. Legal History MR. TRUMBULL Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of socia l, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the developm ent o[ Anglo-American common law; the use and effect of legislat ion in substituting new rules of substantive law and promoting flexibility or stability, discretion or certainty in adjudication; administrative and judicial functions in deciding disputes over private rights and duties; problems arising upon the consolidation of courts previously distinct in their jurisdiction; developments toward and away from uniformity of the law in the Un ited States. MR. KEGA:-1 Patents Patent problems of in terest to the genera l pract1t10ner. J'undamental concepts concerning patentability, the nature of invention, validity, scope and interpretation of patents, patent infringement, and the enforcement of patents. T he commerc ial ization of inventions, including assignments and patent royalty contracts, shop rights, confidential relationships, and the rights of emp loyers, employees, and indep endent contractors in in ventions. MR . NATHANSON, MR. HILL Transportation A comparative study of the principal lega l and policy questions involved in federal regulation of railroads, motor carriers, air carriers and water carriers. Auerbach and Nathanson , Federal Regulation of Transj1ortatiou . SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR . MACCI-IESNEY (a) CONFLICT OF LAWS. This part of the course will be devoted primarily to the choice of law problem in selected fields. Analysis of the fundamental prob- lems underlying choice of law will be stressed. Cheatham, Goodrich, Griswold and Reese, Cases and Materials on. Conflict of Laws (3rd ed.); supplementary materials (mimeographed). (b) INTERNATIONAL LAW. A general survey of the doctrine and practice of international law; a critical stud y of the defects of the international legal system; selective study of the United Nations and other means for strengthening the rule of law in world affairs. Bishop, International Law, Cases and Materials. CREDITORS' RIGHTS (2) MR. SACKS A general survey of the individual remedies of the creditor at common law, in eq uity and under statuto ry procedures; a comparative study of nonstatutory liquidations and bankruptcy liquidations. Hanna and MacLachlan, Cases and Materials on Creditors' Rights (4th Consol. eel.). 18 �CURRICULUM (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal qu es tions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; three-judge district courts; criminal jurisdiction; habeas corpus; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Feclera.l System; The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL JURISDICTION MR. POLASKY (3) The federal income tax aspects of various phases of business activity, the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements, the ro le of administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Cary and Pedrick, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeograp hed); Surrey and ·warren, Federal Incom e Taxation: Cases and 1\llalerials; Student Tax Service. FEDERAL TAXATION II FEDERAL TAXATION Ill (J) MR. POLASKY An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a compan ion course for Federal Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in government fiscal policy and its future effect upon tax policy. A study of the relation of taxation to government spending and borrowing policies, forms of taxes and their incidence, relation of government financing to the operation of the economic system as a whole, specific proposals for reform of the ex isting tax structure, trends in federal taxation and possible future tax legislation. LEGAL CLINIC (J) MR. MURPHY Supervised field work at the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Char ities or in the office of an attorney to whom the student is assigned; consultation with clients, interviews with witnesses, drafting and filing of instruments, appearances in court, examination of records, assistance in conduct of trials and general office work. Required of all students not m embers of the Legal Publications Board. Work may be pursued after completion of four terms. LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION (3) MR. NATHANSON, MR. POLASKY Organization, administration and financing of municipal corporations; relationships of state and local governments; the property tax; community planning and d evelopment (zoning, building codes, housing programs); regulation of business activity and private conduct; legal responsibil ity of municipalities. Fordham, Local Government Law; vVirtz, Materials on State and Local Taxation (mimeographed). PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY (1) MR. TRUMBULL Essentia l and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession: the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-govern ing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discuss ions with members of the bar regarding the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings and problems. Required of all students. Trumbull, Readings 011 Professional Responsibility (mimeographed). RESTITUTION (3) MR. MARKS The principies and remedies available, at law and in equity, to accomplish the reforma Lion or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief 19 �CURRICULUM appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. Durfee and Dawson, Cases on Restitution. TRIAL TECHNIQUE (]) MR. GOLDSTEIN Methods of proof, preparation of facts, selection of jury, opening statements, direct examination, laying of foundation for and introduction of exhibits, objections to evidence, offers of proof, expert testimony, hypothetical questions, cross examination and impeachment of witnesses, arguments to court and jury; exercises in examination of witnesses and oral argum ent. Goldstein, Trial T echnique; Goldstein, Trial Practice Cases. SEMINAR (~) (The student will select at least one.) Antitrust Law MR. RAHL Application of the antitrust and related laws to representative business problems involving mergers , price policies, relations with suppliers and distributors, control of brands and advertising, licensing of patents, and other problems. Discussion of governmental policy in these areas as well as practical treatment of problems. The course in Trade R e lations is a prerequisite. Civil Liberties in Modem Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems encountered by modern democratic societies in defining the scope of freedom of speech, press, association, religion , and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of external and internal stress. Consumer Protective Legislation MR. KEGAN Cases and statutes on federal regulation of food, drugs and cosmetics, and related federal and stale activities to protect the consumer. Statutory interpretation, public policy, administrative techniques, judicial review. The use of admiralty, criminal, injunctive, legislative, standard-setting, rule making, and contract procedures in making, testing, and litigating rules to regulate business in order to protect consumers. A comparative law survey of all the governmental techniques of consumer protection , and the types of defense available und er each. CorfJo-ration Practice and Finance Basic problems in law practice where business is being conducted by a corporation: existing partnership agree ments and the decision to incorporate; methods of controlling the corporation; the respective roles of officers, directors, and shareholders; the corporate structure; proxy statements; the initial financing of a small business; additional means of financing through security issuance, term loans and leasebacks; the forms of securities; the role of state regulatory agencies, and particularly of the S.E.C. Tax considerations will be introduced wherever significant. (The above material wi ll be developed in conjunction with outside practitioners.) Estate Planning MR. POLASKY, MR. O 'BYRNE The application of principles from Wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. Insurance Law Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insurance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarding the solvency of companies a nd for the protection of policyholders; supervision of 20 �HONORS fire and casualty insurance ra1es; reinsurance; rehabilitation and liquidation o[ companies. lnlernational Organization MR. MAcCHESNEY An intensive study of the legal prob lems of the United Nations and other international organizations. Emphasis wi ll be placed on the role of law and organiza 1ion in controlling the use of force for the settlement o[ disputes in internationa l relations. Sohn, Cases on World Lnw; Sohn, Supplement lo Cases on World Law; supplementary materials. Labor Law MR. WIRTZ Collective bargaining; drafting and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. .r; Law an.cl Society MR. vVIRTZ, MR. JUSTICE SCHAEFER A consideration of inter-related legal, political, economic and social developments; an inquiry into the function of law in society, as a basis for judgment regarding the appropriate uses of law and its possible future tendencies; a consideration of the role of words in a world of beliefs and deeds. Scientific Evidence MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. HONORS THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Order of the Coif is a national scholarship organization instituted in 1907. Its purpose is the encouragement of scholarship and the advancement of ethical standards in the legal profession. Each chapter annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Legal Publications Board is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. Elected June 1955 < Keith Bode John J. Crown Arthur Ludwig Ebert, Jr. Florence Ruth Graham Harry Robert Halper William L. Lurie Jerome Marks Donald Hazard Powers TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. Each one devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with written work. The balance of his time is available for research or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the Faculty. The Rosenthal and Linthicum Foundations provide a portion of the funds for the Teaching Associate program. 21 J �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship. The income from a gift, whose present capital value is about $54,000, by the late Anna Louise Raymond to establish the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund is available for graduate fellowships. Applications of persons of mature years who have had valuable professional experience before or after receiving their degrees in law and who present maturely considered projects for graduate work, other things being equal, will receive special consideration. The Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Funds are provided annually by the Owen L. Coon Foundation of Chicago to assist students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion D. Hardy of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" lo his education. R equirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Several scholarships which may carry stipends in excess of full tuition are available for well qualified studems in the School of Law. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintain ed th eir scholastic standing. Lewis Larn,,d Coburn M emorial Fund. The sum of 5;,50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her husband, the income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine. The Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman , is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. The Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. A gift of $20,000 from Charles Weinfeld in 1954 established a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid , would be unable to obtain a legal education. The amount granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the School, is for the purpose of paying tuition or other expenses. The Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. The Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a tuition scholarship, through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius J. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915, to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. 22 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES Class of 1938 Scholarship. A scholarship for ha!£ tuition, provided by a member of the Class of 1938, is awarded to a student who, in the judgment of the Dean and Faculty Scholarship Committee, will in his future career at the bar contribute significantly to the maintenance of high moral and ethical professional standards. A 1111a l .ouise Raymond Scholarship Fune/. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise llaymond is awarded annually to deserving students in the School of Law. The Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund . The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded a nnually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need n~ax v-t be deserving of financial assistance. \ Chicago Title and Trust Campany Foundation Scholarships. In 1955 the sum . / of $5,000 was contributed by the Chicago Title and Trnst Company Fo1mdatiorx 10 be used for scholarships in the School of Law. The Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School af Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $1.~0 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicag·o Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Legal Publications Set.retaria.l ScholarshijJ. A tuition scholarship is available to a first-year law student who is qualified in accounting and secretarial work. The scholarship will be continuous for the full period of the holder's career in the School of Law, but is subject to tem1ination at any time if the holder's services are not satisfactory. The holder will act as an assistant to the Business Manager of Legal Publications. Applicants should state their qualifications fully. University Scholarships. There are available each year a number of University scholarships yielding from $200 to full tuition. (' Monitorsh.ips. A number of students, of good scholastic standing, are appointed each term as library monitors. Compensation varies according to the du ties performed. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. The Lowden-Wigmore Prizes. The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide prizes totaling approximately $500. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of a competition designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. ( . 23 �LOAN FUNDS AND PLACEMENT The Hyde Prize. The income on a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not oftener than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. Wigmore Key. Established 1949-1950. Awarded by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law R eview, and the Faculty. Award of the Junior Bar Association. An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but is placed in the custody of the winner during each year after his name and the date of award have been engraved thereon. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall , and a new cup is provided. Hom er F. Carey Award. Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms a cup and a copy of Carey and Schuyler on the Illinois Law of Future Int erests is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. 1he Application for award of scholarships and monitorships should be addressed to Dea n of the School. LOAN FUNDS The following loan funds, administered by the U niversity , are available to law students who are in good standing and have been in residence in any school of the University for at leas t one full quarter. Loans are without interest until graduation. (See the University Register.) Applications should be made to the Dean of the School of Law. Methodist Loan Fund General Student Loan Fund Mary H . Bovee Fund Northwestern University Foundation Loan Fund Ella M. Sullender Fund James A. Patten Fund Anna Louise Raymond Loan Fund Frederick A. Brown Memorial Fund, donated by Mrs. Keene w·. Berry in memory of her father PLACEMENT SERVICE The School maintains a service to assist its graduates in finding pos1t10ns. The Assistant Dean and members of the Faculty Committee on Placement advise students and graduates on problems of placement, keep in touch with law firms, corporations and government agencies, and locate other opportunities for legal work, including positions as law clerks to judges a nd other public officials. The Law Alumni Association, through its Committee on Placement, assists in the program by obtaining information from the alumni of the School and other practicing attorneys with respect to available positions. TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS The cost of education at Northwestern University is only partly covered by tuition charges. The balance is paid by income from endowments contributed by friends and alumni of the University. The following information regarding tuition and fees is for the year 1956-57, but is subject to change without notice. 24 �TUITION AND FEES TUITION Full Tuition (u ndergraduate) First semester .. ........ .. ............... . ... .. ....... . ....... .. ..... $400.00 Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400.00 Summer term (beginning 1957) .. . .......... ............... . . . . ...... 200.00 Part-time Tuition (undergraduate) , each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40.00 Graduate Tuition, each cred it-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.00 Resident in Research Fee (for graduate students not registered for classroom work) Each semeste1 ...... ..... . ..... ... ....... . ...... .. .................. . 20.00 Summer term ....................... . .. . .............. .. .... ...... . 10.00 Auditor's Fee, each class-hour per ~eek . ......... . . ................. . ... . 40.00 FEES Matriculation Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This fee is payable upon first admission to the University. It is to be paid once, is not transferable, and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of S25 is required of all applicants within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit is not refundable, but will be appl ied as part pa yment of tuition.) Graduation Fees: Bachelor of Science in Law .. . . ........ . . . ... . .. . . . ... . ... . Bachelor of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..... . Juris Doctor .. ... .......................... .... . .. ... . ............. . Master of Laws .... .......... ... . .. ........ .. .. . .... . ............. . . . Doctor of Juridical Science ...... . . Student Health Fee: (Required of all fu ll-t ime students. Sec St.udent H ea lth Service section.) First semester Second semester ...... . .... . ...... . .. ... . Summer term .............. . ...................................... . Late Registration Fee (for registering after the scheduled time) Full-time students ............ ... ..... .. .. ..... ... . .. .... . ........ . . Part-time students ........... ... ......... . ..... ... .. ....... .... . . . .. . Change of Registration Fee (after the third full day of classes in each term unless requested by the School) .... . .......................... . Late Physical Examination Fee ....................................... . (See Student Health Service) Duplicate Diploma Fee ............................... . .. . ............. . Duplicate Transcript of Record, each .................. ... .... ..... .. . . 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 5.23 5.00 2.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 FINANCIAL REGULATIONS Bills. The Division of Student Finance, first floor, Abbott Hall, issues and makes all adjustments on student bills. These bills are mailed to the student's address indicated on the billing card fi ll ed out by the student at the time of registration. Each bill is due by the date shown and is paid at the Cashier's Office, first floor, Abbott Hall. Each student is responsible for receiving his bill. In the event that a tuition bill is not received within fourteen days from the date of registration, the student should make application immediatel y at the Division of Student Finance. The due dates of bills cannot be extended because students fail to receive their bills. Financial Obligations. A student who is delinquent in the payment of tllltlOn or other fees, or against whom the University holds record of indebtedness, will not be given a diploma of graduation, a certificate of scholastic sta nding, or a transcript of record, until such indebtedness has been fu lly paid. A student who owes tuition 25 �THE LIBRARY or other fees at the close of a term will not be permitted to take his final examinations or to receive credit for that term. Registration in the University is provisional and subject to cancellation by the Director of Student Finance at any time until bills are paid. Withdrawals and Refunds. Official withdrawal blanks are available at the office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advance deposit. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the end of one-fourth of the term are held for one-foul'lh of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above dates. In all cases the date on which the official withdrawal notice is received at the Student Finance Office, or the date of forrDal exclusion, is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. Stu.dents Entering Military Service. If a student in good standing withdraws from the University after the middle of a quarter or a semester, because he has been called into or volunteers for the armed services of the United States, he will receive full academic credit for the quarter or semester, with grades as of the date of his withdrawal, hut no refund of tuition. If he withdraws for this reason before the middle of the semester or quarter, he will receive a refund of all tuition and fees he has paid for the period in question , but no academic credit. Rebates to Faculty, Sta!] and Tnstn.tctors. Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligib le to apply for rebates: (a) full-time faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payro ll of the University; (b) dependent (unmarried) sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time emp loyees of affiliated institutions. A full-time facu lty or staff member will be granted a rebate of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students shou ld call for their rebate checks at the Division of Student Fina nce, Abbott Hall, one clay before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only, and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. Student Deposit Account. The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. General Expenses. The expenses of a student for the academic year, including tuition, books, board and room, and incidentals, approximate $1,800. THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY The E lbert H. Gary Library o( some 168,000 volumes represents chieAy the gifts of the late Elbert H. Gary, LL.B., 1867, LL.D., 1922. lt ranks among the six largest law school libraries in the Un ited States and includes substantially all the reported 26 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia, together with their statutes and session laws, and all subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection of Anglo-American law. This collection is supplemented by a selection of publications in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social sciences. The Library receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. In addition, there is a very representative collection of volumes on comparative law, which includes the codes, decisions, and journals of all modern European countries, adequate resources for research in Roman and mediaeval law, and a good working collection of volumes on Japanese and Chinese law. The Theodore S. Chapman and Robert 0. Farrell collections of Mexican law supplement a useful group of some five thousand volumes on Latin-American Jaw. A large collection of treatises and periodicals on international Jaw is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole permits useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. The Library maintains a comprehensive collection of volumes and documents on the criminal law and its administration and a special collection of materials on aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In connection with the University Centennial Celebration, the Northwestern Law Alumni Association recently ra ised a fund of more than $15 0,000 for the purchase of books for the Library. This is called the John Henry Wigmore Library Fund, in honor of the memory of the Dean of the School of Law from 1901 to 1929, whose great learning and scholarly interest contributed in such a vital way to the building of the collection. The Library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. PICTURES The School's collection of pictures, now numbering some 2,500 pieces, copiously illustrates the history, personnel, and customs of the legal profession , not only in Great Britain and the United States, but a ll over the world. It represents acquisitions accumulated during the past thirty years, partly by purchase, partly by gifts from alumni and other friends. Personal search has been made in nearly every country of Europe for portraits and scenes to illustrate other systems of law; many of these are unique and irreplaceable. The collection includes some forty oil painting·s, and about J,500 etchings and engravings. A special series is a set of twenty large platinum photographs of portraits of eminent British judges in the National Gallery of Portraits, colored by a London artist to show the costumes. The larger portraits are framed for display on the walls of the lecture rooms, library reading room and corridors. FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation was established in 1926 by the late Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond through a gift of $200,000. The income from this fund, which was originally subject to certain annuities, provides a legal clinic for the poor. It was organized under the superintendence of a joint committee of the School of Law, United Charities, and the Chicago Bar Association. The work of the clinic is under the direction of attorneys of the School of Law and the staff of the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities. The work of the School and that of the Legal Aid Bureau are highly co-ordinated. Indigent claimants and defendants in every type of case are represented. The student comes in intimate 27 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS contact with the routine and problems of office practice and litigation genera lly. The claims successfully prosecuted aggregate thousands of dollars annua lly, and the Ieg·itimate defenses afforded indigent persons are equally va luable. The Foundation and clinics were the first to be set up on behalf of a law school. For details of the clinic work required, see the Curriculum. In co nnection with the work of the legal clinics, Mrs. Anna Louise Rayrnond established the James Ne lson Raymond Fellowship, by gifts totaling $40,000, the income from the Fund to be awarded ann nall y for graduate fellowships. See Fellowships, Scholarships, Prizes. THE JULIUS ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION The Julius Rosenthal Foundation was established in 1919 in memory of Julius Rosenthal by his son, the late Lessing Rosenthal, his daughter, Mrs. George Pick, and Charles H. Hamill, Max Hart, Harry Hart, Mark Cresap, Frank M. Peters, Leo F. Wormser, F. Howard Eldridge, Willard L. King, Magnus Myres, Mrs. Joseph Shaffner, a nd Mrs. Otto L. Schmidt, all of Chicago, and the Honorable Julian W. Mack, of New York. Additional provision for the Foundation is made under the terms of the will of the late Lessing Rosenthal. Julius Rosenthal (1828-1905) was an eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar and Librarian of the Chicago Law Institute for nearly forty years. He was the most learned lawyer of his time in Ch icago, did more than any other man lo establish the best standards of legal scholarship in this region, and by numerous gifts of books indicated his interest in the welfare of this School. The present capital fund of the Foundation is about $80,000, the income from· which is applicable generally for the cultivation of legal literature, and specifically by means of the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, and books of a scientific or practical nature concerning the la,v, which otherwise might not readily find a publisher; by the aid or encouragement of research in the field of legal literature, and of the preparation for publication in whole or in part of the results of such research; by the delivery and publication of lectures on subjects concerning the law. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana , member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. In 1931, Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History," and numerous other historical works. In 1936, WaltonHale Hamilton";Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Massachusetts. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Mr. Adlai E. Stevenson. In I 947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. 28 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1948-49, John N . H aza.rd, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law" ; Paul A . Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject, "On Understanding the Supreme Court." In 1950, John P . Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment." In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, ·world Community and the United Nations." In 1952, Charles H orsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government." In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T . Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H . Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and H erb ert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on " The Twentieth Century Capitalist Revolution ." In 1955, Jam es Willard Hu rst, Pro fessor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century." In 1955-56 iectures were given b y Louis B. Sohn , Professor of Law, Harvard University, Ernest A . Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary Gen eral of the United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. THE CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Charles Clarence Linthicum (1857-1916), LL.B., 1882, professor of this School , 1902-1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The capital fund of $37,000 was provided by Mrs. Charles C. Linthicum, Harvey S. Firestone, his long-time client, and Otto R. Barnett and Melvin M. Hawley, his associates at the Chicago bar. The income from this fund is applicable to the general purpose of cultivating research, study, and instruction in the fields of the law of patents, trademarks, copyright, or other topics of the law involving the development of trade, industry, and commerce; and specifically by means of the delivery of lectures or other form of instruction; the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, or books; the aid of research or preparation for publication; the award of prizes to meritorious essa ys, monographs , or books already written or published. Prizes have been awarded to the following: In 1927, St ephen Dav is, of New York . Subject: "Th e Law o f Radio Communication." ln 1929, first prize, Charles John fla rnson , of London; second prize, L. B. Davies, of Melbourn e, Austra lia , and Francois Poign o11 , of Montbard , Fran ce. Subj ect: "'Scientific Property." ln 1930, Richard Spencer, of Chicago. Subject: "'A Complete Program for the Improvement of the U nited States Patent Law System ." In 1931, first prize, Leslie Bartell Davies and Arthur Dean, of Melbourne, Australia; second prizes, Stephen P. Ladas, of New York, Marcel Plaisant, of Paris, and ]. M . Bliss, of Surrey, England . Subject: "A Comprehensive Critique of the International Chamber of Commerce Committee's 1930 Draft Convention for the International Protection of Industrial Property." 29 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1935, first prize, Jan Vojacek, of Prague, Czechoslovakia; special honorable mention to Karl B. Lutz, of New York; honorable mention to George von Gehr, of Cbicag·o, Mario Chiron, of Rome, Italy, and Edwin M. Thomas, of Washington, D.C. Subject: "A Survey of the Principal National Patent Systems (from the Historical and Comparative Points of View)." In 1937, first prize, Jean Van Routte, of Brussels, Belgium; first honorable mention to D. Goedhius, of The Hague, Netherlands; honorable mention to Joseph Kroell, of Strasbourg, France, David Grant and Arnold W. Knouth, of New York, and Hans Adolf. Wulf, of Hamburg, Germany. Subject: "Carrier Liability in National and International Commerce." In 1941, first prize, Laurence I . Wood, of Chicago; second prize, W. Houston Kenyon, Jr., of New York. Subject: "The Relation Between Patent Practices and the Anti-Monopoly Laws: Tbe Situation in the Past, Present Trends, and Future Possibilities." ln 1943, first prize, Louis Robertson, of Ch icago . Subject: "Trademark and Trade-Name Laws in the Ame ricas: The Problem of Their Practical Reconciliation." In 1948 a Round Table was held under the Lintliicum Foundation on the sub ject, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act." Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Professor of Law, Yale Un iversity; Thomas C. McConnell and L eo F. Tierne y, of the Chicago bar; James A . Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Tracie Regulation. In 1949 a Round Ta bl e was held on the subject, ·· 'Feather-Bedding.,-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W. Willa.rel Wirtz, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Labor Law. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of the Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of the series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In 1951 -52 a Conference was held on th e subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." In 1952-53 a forum was held on the subject, "Countervail ing Power in the Economy : The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 1954 a Conference was held on " Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955 a Conference was held on "Tbe Proposals of the Attorney General's Committee for the Revision of the Antitrust Laws." In 1955-56 a Conference was held on "Revised Civil Practice in Illinois." FRANK H. THATCHER MEMORIAL FUND Mrs. Frank H. Thatcher of Winona, Minnesota, in 1948 made a gift of $100,000 to the University to establish a fund as a memorial to her husband who died in 1921. The income from this fund is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time determine. HENRY SARGENT TOWLE MEMORIAL FUND In 1935 Northwestern University received a share in the remainder of a trust established by the late Helen H. Towle of Oak Park. The fund, whose principal sum now amounts to about $36,000, was established in memory of the trustor's father, Henry Sarg-ent Towle, and is to be u sed for the benefit of the School of Law. 30 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW The Northwestern University Law Review, formerly the Illinois Law Review, was founded by the Faculty of this School in 1906. It was edited jointly from 1924 Lo 1932 by the Faculty, alumni, and students of this School and the law schools of the University of Chicago and University of lllinois. In 1932 it was reorganized under a Boa rd of Managers consisting wholly of Northwestern alumni, students, and Faculty, and since that time has been edited by students of the School of Law. IL is published bi-monthly throughout the year. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The ] oumal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science began publication in 1910. lt is edited by Robert H. Gault, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology of Northwestern University, and a board of other widely reputed scienlists and scholars interes ted in the field of its activity. It contains a section on Police Science, edited by Mr. Ordway Hilton, Examin er of Questioned Documents, New York City. The Journal is published bi-monthly and is under Lhe general supervision and control o f the Faculty of the School of Law. Professor Fred E. lnbau, of the Law Faculty, is Managing Director of the Journal. THE JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE The Journal of Air Law and Commerce, published beginning in I 956 und er Lhe a uspices of the Northwestern University Transportation Center, is edited by the Northwestern University Schools of Law and Commerce. It was founded in 1930 and is published quarterly. Publication of this journal was suspended during the war and was resumed in 1947. Members of its editorial staff are Edward C. Sweeney, Professor of Law, Editor; Stanley Berge, Associate Professor of Transportation, School of Commerce, Associate Editor. THE LEGAL PUBLICATIONS BOARD The Legal Publications Boa rd is the Student Editorial Departme n t of the seve ral publications fostered by the Law School. The notes and comments published in the journals are for the most part written by students. Selection of the student members of the Board is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the Board is the highest honor a student can attain in the School of Law , a nd of itself constitutes a preferred rating for the purpose of obtaining employment after graduation. The Editorial Board for 1955-56 included Lhe following members: Claude R. Sowle Editor-in-Chief Franklin E. Gill, Jr. Robert A. Helman Associate Editors Stebbins Nelson Robert W. Tullis Comment Edito·r John A. Chernak Donald A. Gillies Student Editors, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science William S. Tennant Student Editor, Journal of Air Law and Commerce 31 �JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Wence Cerne, Jr. \,Villiam H. Copenhaver Arthur I. Gould Noel S. Kopald Richard W. Laner Thomas W. McNamara B. John Mix Donald S. Petersen Gerald I. Roth Raymond E. Saunders Norman M. Sevin Kathryn D. Sowle Robert E. Wiss Lester C. Zaczek James A. Rahl Adviser lo the Editorial Board M. D . Christiansen Business Manager BOARD OF MANAGERS Willard H. Pedrick, Chairman Keith F. Bode Harold J . Clark Elliott E. Foster Harold C . Havighurst Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel L. Nathanson Douglass Pillinger James A. Rahl Harold A. Smith William M. Trumbull C. Ives Waldo , Jr. W. Willard Wirtz And lit e Office rs of the Stu.dent Board JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION The Junior Bar Association is the students' professional organization, operating under charter granted by the Faculty of the School. All students are members of the Association, and through it work out the problems of student government and school activities. Through its power to call general assemblies of the students and require their attendance , the Association provides a ready forum for the discussion and consideration of all the affairs of the School in which students a re interested, as well as for public and professional matters outside the School. The Junior Bar Association also publishes semi-annually The RejJorler, a magazine for distribution to students and alumni. An orientation program for entering stud ents is held by the Junior Bar Association at the beginning of the fall semester. On the day before classes begin, welcoming talks are given by the Dean and the President of the Junior Bar Association . Instructors for the first-year classes and representatives of the various organizations and activities of the School also speak to the entering students. New residents in Abbott Hall are invited to an informal meeting with the law students presently residing there, and regulations regarding t he law floors are exp lained. Following is a li st of the officers for I 955-56: President ..... . .... . . . . ... . . ... . .. ... ....... . .. . . . .. . . Arthur Dunne Vice-President ...... . ....... . . . .. . .... .. .. ........... Douglas Smith Secretary ........ . . . . ... .. . .. . . . . .. . . .... . ...... . ..... James Leaton Treasurer . . . . . . . ... ........ . .... Melvin K. Lippe Sergeant at Ar-ins ........ .. .... ... . . . .. ... .. . ... .. Howard Kaufman BOARD OF GOVERNORS Senior Class Claude Carr Robert Helman Lester Zaczek 32 Jun ior Class Jay Baier Paul Pearce John Gill Freshman Class Thomas Carey Arthur Haarmeyer Frederick McLendon �STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Constitution and By-Laws-Roger Eichmeier Social-Jay Baier Speakers-Charles Marino Coffee Hour-John Walsh Orientation-Ronald Crane Placement-Thomas Railsback Legal Aid-Alfred Hackbarth R eporter-Merton Marks Student Directo,y-Peter Spivak William Cottle Melvin Lippe American Law Student AssociationAlvin Shulman Public Relations-Peter Spivak Book Exchange-Howard Sweig Abbott Hall-Richard Helms Ubrary-Stephen Nagy FRATERNITIES Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Delta Theta Phi Tau Epsilon Rho Nu Beta Epsilon Kappa Bei-a Pi (Sorority) STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service, provided by the University through the Medical School for law students, is the same as that provided for students of the Medical and Dental Schools. Students wishing a consultation for illness may see the Student Health physicians in Room 202 of the Medical School (Montgomery Ward Building) from 8:30 to 10:00 A.M. and 3:00 to 4:30 P .M. daily, and from 11:00 A .M. to 12:00 NOON on Saturday. In an emergency a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 202, any time between 8:30 A.M. and 4:30 P.M. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at Passavant Memorial HospitaL Validity of registration is contingent upon completion and return of the initial medical forms as described in the Health Service letter, and a health conference at the Student Health Service. Students who register late, or who have failed to comply with these requirements, will be charged a fee of two dollars. In order to use the facilities of the Health Service, students must be registered at the University for at least the minimum number of hours required for eligibility. See the Student Health Service Information Bulletin for more complete information. ABBOTT HALL All law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are expected to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general waiting rooms and offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge; also a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms 33 �ABBOTT HALL which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling and ping-pong, in addition to a well-equipped exercise room, are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is a floor for women where rooms are available for women law students. Double study-bedrooms, some of them with private baths, are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, rugs, draperies, bookcases, and floor lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens, blankets, and towels are included in the furnishings, and daily maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the following floor plan: The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2 .00 to $3.00. The average room rate for the academic year is $290.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October l, January 1, and April 1, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with $25.00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11. UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE The University Bookstore is owned and operated by the University for the convenience of the students in all schools on the Chicago Campus. It is located on the first floor in Abbott Hall. The student may obtain all necessary textbooks and supplies there. He will also find that the various departments have articles which are carefully selected to meet the student's every need. VETERANS' EDUCATION The University maintains a Veterans' Education Office in Abbott Hall, for the assistance of students who attend school under any of the Servicemen's Readjustment Acts. All business with the Veterans' Administration is handled through that office. 34 �ALUMNI ASSOCIATION MIMEOGRAPH SERVICE In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. The mimeograph service is under the management of Mr. Shyam Majbi. EMPLOYMENT The University Placement Bureau is available to students who wish to obtain part-time employment. Applications should be made to University Placement Bureau, Wieboldt Hall, 337 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois. PERSONAL LOSSES The University is not responsible to anyone for the loss of personal property in any building owned by the University, whether the loss occurs by theft, fire, or other cause. LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, 1955-56 President: Don H. McLucas, '35 First Vice-President: Douglass Pillinger, '31 Second Vice-President: Harold A. Smith, '21 Third Vice-President: Judge Julius J. Hoffman, '15 Treasurer: Roger W. Barrett, '40 Secretary: Edgar Vanneman, Jr., '47 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Stuart S. Ball, '27 Barnet Hodes, '21 James E. S. Baker, '36 Walker Jensen, '42 Bertram J. Cahn, '99 Joseph R. Julin, '52 James W. Clement, '41 Lloyd M. McBride, '34 Stanford Clinton, '31 Louis Melchior, '47 Edwin R. Eckersall, '33 William R. Rivkin, '48 Abraham Fishman, '32 Elroy C. Sandquist, Jr., '50 Newton P. fuye, Jr., '46 John P. Stevens, '47 Thomas F. Geraghty, Jr., '41 C. Ives Waldo, Jr., '36 Lowell Hasti~gs, '28 George B. Young, '48 35 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS, 1955-56 Hnmmond, Ind. L. AIIRAHAMSON, ROBERT I Northwes tern U niversity ADAMS, ARTHUR WARE B.A ., Yale University J. ADAMS, RONALD JU \ ., Denver, Col. Chicago Roosevelt College ANGLE, JOliN E. A.B ., Brown Chicago Univers it y s. APPEL, MARTIN B.B.A., Northwestern Un iversit y ARONSON, ROBERT H. No rthwestern University ARTHUR, JAMES K. B.B.A., Northwestern U ni versity B.S. , Northwestern t;niversity BERMAN, ARTHUR L. Chicago B ERMAN, EDWARD A. Chicago Un iversity of Illinois Nonhwestcrn Univcrsily Unive rsity of Illinois; Chi<'ago-Kcnt Co llege of Law BERl'IFIELD, GLEN R. Chicago BLAHA, L. BLANCHARD, w·1LLIAM 0. ASPEN, MARVIN Chicago BLUM, LEONARD Chicago BLUM, MELVIN A. B .S. , University of \.Yisconsin Winnetka BAIER, JAY A. B.A., University of Notre Dame BALDASSARI, LEONARD Northwestern Chicago 0. U niversity R. BALMES, VERNON B .S. , Northwestern University Evanston D. Chicago BARNARD, RONALD L. Wilmette BANZULY, ROBERT Northwestern University University of Colorado, University of Illinois BARRETT, n.s., PETER University of Pennsylvania BARTLER, JOHN C. B.S., Northwestern University BAss, YALE P. Chicago Maywood Chicago University of Illinois, Rooseve lt U niversity BAUM, DAVID B. Chicago B .S., University of ,.visconsin; U niversity of Wisconsin Law School BEANE, DON E. Bradley University BECK, LOWELL R. Bradley Unive rs ity BERKE, CHARLES A. Hillsboro Pearia Chicago B.B.A., University of ,.Yisconsin; Universi ty of Wisconsin Law School 36 Chicago K. B.S., Northwestern U nive rsit y BLASE, GuY ATKINS, ROBERTS. Chicago MARTIN Northwes tern University Glencoe E. Chicago B.S., Uni ve rs ity o[ Illinois ARTHUR, THOMAS A.B., Hamilton College Loyola U niversity Chicago B ERMAN, GILBERT Chicaga Skokie Chicago M. BERKOWITZ, IRWIN B .S., Northwestern Cniversity E. B.S., No rthwestern U nivers it y A.B., Chicago Chicago Blue Island U niversi ty 0£ .Michiga n Rockford BLUMENTHAL, STANLEY S. A.B., Stanford University M. Evanston BOOKER, vVILLIAM A. Chicago BOLLMAN, ROBERT A.B., A lbion College B.A., Arkansas Baptist College BOROVSKY, HERBERT L. A.B ., Dartmouth College BOSTROM, RICHARD J. Chicago Chicaga B.S., B.A., Gooding College, :-,Jorthwestern University BRADEN, THOMAS L. B.S., Loyola University BRAITHWAITE, J . vVILLIAM Chicago Collinsville, Conn. B.A. , Un iversi ty of Connecticut; LL.B., Columbia University School of Law BRILL, RICHARD H. University of Illinois BROWN, DONALD N. A.B., Whea ton College BROWN, MALCOLM I'. Northwestern University BROWN, MORRIS C. Lincolnwood Northfield Chicago Chicago Edward \1/ate rs Co llege, Atlanta versity, Northwestern U n ive rs ity; Mars h a ll Law School UniJohn �REGISTER OF STUDENTS West Lafayette, Ind. BRUNDAGE, JOHN M. A.B., Albion College BULLARO, SAMUEL J. B.S. , Northwestern University BULLER, ARTHUR Chicago Highland Park R. B.S., Northwestern University CLARK, JOSEPH s. Chicago B.B.A., Western Michigan College F. CoDO, NORMAN Joliet B.S. , Northwestern University COHEN, DONALD W. Chicago University of Illinois, Un iversity of Chicago, Roosevelt College BURNS, MICHAEL A. Chicago COHEN, MARTIN A. Chicago BURR, EDWARD R . Chicago COHN, MARTIN Chicago BUTLER, PATRICK D. Chicago COLE, THAD BUTLER, "WILLIAM PIERCE Chicago COLLINS, JOHN B.S .. Northwestern ·university A.B ., University of Illinois B.A., U niversity of Notre D ame Il linois Institute of T echnolog y, U.S. Merchant l\tlarine Academy, Georgetown Uni • vers ity, Un iversity of Il linois, Eastern New Mexico University P., A.B., Knox College B.S.C .. De Paul University B.A.. A. Northwestern University B.S., University of Illinois CONWAY, MARIE TERESA THOMAS F . Chicago COPELAND, EDWARD CARLSON, C. BLAINE Sioux Falls, S. D. B.S., Miami University CA REY, JR. B.B.A ., University of Notre Dame B.S., Northwestern Univers ity Webster Groves, Mo. CARR, CLAUDE E., JR. Northwestern Uni\'ersity Peoria CASSIDY, THOMAS V. University of Not.re Dame Chicago F., JR. Emo111 U ni versity CERNE, WENCE ll .B.A., Burlington, Iawa CI-IANEN, FRANKLIN A. B.S., Northwestern University CHAPMAN, HOWARD Des Plaines L. Northwes tern Uni versity Chicago CHATZ, J AMES A. Michigan State College CHERNAK, J01-1N A. Oceanside, Cal. CHRISSIS, BYRON J. Chicago A.ll., Bro,-vn Un i\·ersily B.S .. Norlhweslern University CHRISTENSEN, DONALD J. B.S.. Northwestern CIMELEY, GENE A. B.S., Northwes te n1 CITRIN, PHILLIP Un iversity U nivers ity M. B.S .. North western U niversily CLARK, CHARLES E. B.S .. Northwestern University Glenview Chicago Chicago Elmhurst CONKLIN, RICHARD C. Chicago CALLAHAN, CORNELIUS Chicago L. A.B., University of Illinois Kenilworth B.A., Northwestern University J. Chicago B.A., Carleton College H. COPENHAVER, WILLIAM Northwestern Illinois U ni vers ity, Corru, WILLIAM R. B.S., Nor lhwestern CRANE, R ONALD Universi ty J. B.A ., Northwestern Chicago University Un iversity of Glencoe Harvey Grand Rapids, Mich. CuNCANNAN, JOHN W. A.B .. U niversity of Michigan Chicago CZACHOROWSKI, WIKTOR LL.M. , Joseph Pilsudski University; S.J .D., Hamburg University CzERMAK, HAROLD Referend arexamen, furt/Main DAVIS, RONALD S. B.A., Frankfurt, Germany Northwestern Un ive rs ity Univers ity of Frank- Skokie Fox River Grove DAWES, RUFUS C. B.A. , University of Virgin ia; U niversity of Virginia Law School D EL RE, ROBERT N. B.S ., Marietta College D EM ICHELIS, ROBERT J. A.B,. Carleton College Winnetka Deerfi eld Chicago DEMING, VINTON Winnetka Chicago DEVINE, JOHN J. Chicago B.A., Lawrence College B.S .. Loyola Univers ity 37 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Waukegan DIVER, JOHN R. B .S., Massachusetts Institute of Technology Altair District, Bhind M.B., India DIXIT, RAM KRISHN A LL.B .. Victoria College of Agra University Evanston DoNNERSBERGER, FREDERIC G. B.S., North\',-'estern University DUNN, WILLIAM Chicago R . B.A., Uni versity of Chicago L. Winnetka ECKERT, RICHARD F. Freepart DUNNE, ARTHUR B.A., University of Michigan A.B., Harvard College EDWARDS, RAYMOND w. Chicago B .B.A., University of Michigan EHRET, JOHN B. Chicago EHRLICH, JACK STUART Chicago B.M .E ., Cornell University B.B.A., University of VVisconsin; Un iversity of Wisconsin Law School vV. E!CHMEIER, ROGER Freeport B.A., DePauw U niversity Waukegan EIFERT, HELMUT Northwestern Univers ity, Lake Forest College, University of Illinois. Real Gymn as iale Aufbau Schule River Forest EIFRIG, WILLIAM LOUIS B.A., Carleton ELLIS, BERNARD M. Chicago ELROD, RICHARD J. Chicago Nor tlnvestern U nive rsity B.A., Northwestern Un iversity ENGLAND, E. HERBERT, JR. A.B. , Princeton University ERGO, RICHARD W. B.A., Northwestern University Decatur Chicago B.S., Northern Illinois State Teachers College FACKTOR, JERROLD M. Chicago M., JR. Western Springs B.S., Northwestern University FALASZ, JOHN B.S., Loyola University FELTMAN, JEROME M. B.S., Northwestern University FERGUSON, OLIVER D. A.B., Harvard College FIELD, LESLIE E. A.B. , Harvard College 38 A.B., University of Notre Dame FISHMAN, RONALD s. Chicago Chicago A .B., University of Illinois; University of Illinois College of Law Frankfort FOLKERS, FRANK G. A.B., Knox College FREEMAN, J. BARRY Chicaga University of Michigan FREEMAN, MICHAEL Chicago I. B.S., University of Illinois FRIEDMAN, RICHARD Chicago E. A.B. , Grinnell College FRISBY, OWEN Wilmette V. Northwestern University Tokyo, Japan FUJII, HIRONORI LL.B., Law Department of Chuo University Honolulu, Hawaii FUNAI, MASARU B .A., University of Hawaii GARONS, MICHAEL Chicago GARTNER, STEWART I. B.S., University of Illinois Chicago GAYNOR, MALCOLM M. Chicago GEISLER, ASHER Decatur B.A. , Roosevelt U niversity University of Wisconsin, University of Illi· nois, Roosevelt University James Millikin University, University of Southern California; University of Nebraska College of Law Chicago L. GILBERT, ALICE Wellesley College GILBERT, IRA Chicago S. B.S., Northwestern University GILL, FRANKLIN E., JR. Sioux City, Iowa A.B., A.M .. Columbia University Elmhurst ERNST, PETER W. FINN, DONALD P. Chicago Evanston Chicago GILL, JOHN J. B.A .. De Paul University GILLIES, DONALD A. B.A. , Den ison University Chicago Evanstan GILLIN, LEON S. Chicago GILSON, JEROME Chicago B.S. , Duke University; J.D. , De Paul University A.B. , University of Missouri GINSBURG, SEYMOUR B. B .S., Northwestern University GITLES, GERALD A. B.S ., University of Arizona Chicago Harvey �REGISTER OF STUDENTS GLAZER, MYRON G. B.A., Roosevelt UniversiLy H. GLOCKNER, WARREN B.A., DePauw Un iversi t y Chicago HANNA, DAVID T. Chicago HARLAN, M. SCRIBNER, Peoria GOELZ, CHARLES W. Bradley University Evanston B.A., Dartmouth College B.S. , U niversity of VViscons in Milwaukee, Wis. B .A., North Central College JmIN M. B .S. , U ni vers ity of Notre Dame B.S .. Northweste rn University Northwestern Un iversity, Ripon College vV. B.A., Williams College East Cleveland, Ohio HASKI N, \VARREN C. Chicago Rockford B.A., Univers ity of Notre Dame Chicago Winnetka HARTNETf, GEORGE F., JR. Chicago l. GORR, CARL H. GOSDICK, ROBERT Grosse Ile, Mich. A.B. , Brown Un ivers ity HARTIGAN, New York, N. Y. GOODMAN, BARRY F . ELLIOTT II HARRER, RI CHARD G. GOFF, VOLNEY BARLOW GOODMAN, Wichita, Kans. B.A., Nor thwestern University B.A. , No rthwestern University HATFIELD, Guy E. Peoria Bradley University Evanston Chicago HAVIGHURST, CLARK C . GRABEMANN, KARL W. Chicago H ELLER, MAURICE GREANIAS, TELEMACHOS B.A., Millikin U niversity Decatur HELMAN, ROBERT A. Chicago GREEN, SHELDON Chicago HELMS, WILLIAM R. Altoona, Pa. GREENFIELD, MICHAEL C. Chicago l. GOULD, ARTHUR B .S., Un iversity of Illinois B.S., Northwestern Un iversi ty Roosevelt College, Uni versily of Nebraska; l j niversity of Nebraska College of Law University of Illinois GRETLER, WILLIAM Freeport E. B.S., No rthw_estern U niversity Minneapolis, Minn. GRIMSHAW, THOMAS T . B.A., U ni versi ty of .Minnesota nois FREDRIC J. Chicago Nort h western Un iversity K enda llville, Ind. GUTSTEIN, ALFRED R. A.B., Yale University HAARMEYER, ARTHUR E., B.S., Yale Un iversity JR. Wilmette HAHNE, HELEN Jo Chicago B.S., Un iversity of Illinois; Purdue University; S.M., University of C hicago HANEY, ALVIS w. Canton, Ohio University of Illinois H.S. , Nort hwcslern University Chicago HE NLEY, THOMAS A., JR. B.A., DcPauw Univers ity HERGEN ROTH ER, THOMAS E. B.S. , No rth wes tern University Chicago HIRSCHTRITT, RICHARD Chicago HOLLANDER, GEORGE M . Chicago HOMER, RICHARD S. Chicago ll.S .. Nor1hwcstern University A.B., University of Chicago HOITE, ROBERT W. B.S ., Northweste rn HUBER, DONALD Buffalo, N. l'. U niversity K. East Greenville, Pa. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago L. Wright Junior College, U nivcrsily of Chicago HACKBARTH, ALFRED L. A.B ., U niversi ty of Michigan ll.S. , Northwestern Universi t y GROSBY, MAURICE E. Chicago Northwes tern University, University of IlliGROSSMAN, A.B., Princeton University B.A., U nivcrsily of Notre Dame Chicago Bloomington HULL, JAMES R. B.A ., Il1inois W esleyan U ni vers ity Winnetka HULL, LYMAN W. A.B ., H a r vard College IGOE, JAMES J. La Salle College ISHIDA, LINCOLN J. Philadelphia, Pa. Kealakekua, Kana, Hawaii ll.A., U ni vers ity of Hawaii 39 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Wyandotte, Mi ch. JACKSON, ROGER N . A.B., A lbion College . s. Chicago JAFFE, S. GERALD Plano JAFF E, DONALD B.S .. U niversity of Illinois; University of I II inois College of Law A.B., U niversity of Illinois JOl·INSTON, FREDERICK P. B.A., Lake Forest College JONES, EARL Park Ridge Rockford C. B.A ., De Pauw U nive rsity Chicago A. KAHAN, DoNALD A.B., Univers ity of M ichigan Port Chester, N. Y. KAHN, HOWARD B.S. , Unive rsity of Illinois KALISH , JEROME B. B.A. , University of Illinois KANTER, ARNOLD A. Unive rsity of Illinois KARONES, JOHN G. B.B .A. 1 Northwestent B.S. , Northwestern University KHI PER, RICHARD J. B.S. , North western KENNEDY, VICTOR N. B .J\L, Northwestern Un iversity TVinn el lw University Ravenna, Ohio F. Chica.go University of \ ,Visconsin Youngstown , Ohio KLYN , MARK S. O h io U nivcrs ily, North weslern Uni\'Crsily KoFKIN , LEONARD R. B.S., Northwestern University KOPALD, NOEL S. U.B.A. , Uni vers ity of \Visco nsin KORENGOLD, HOWARD L. Chicago Chicago Chicago Ohio Stale Un iversity, Universily of Illi nois, Roosevelt College KOSIN, DONALD G. B .S., 40 Northwestern (.;nivcrsity College, ,·ersity J. KUKLA, ROBERT B .S., Northwestern Chicago Rooseve lt U ni- Chicago University KURLANDER, DONALD J. Chicago M. Chicago B.S .. Northwestern Un iversity B.S., University of Illinois n.s .. Berwyn Northwestern l ;ni, e rsiLy University of IIUnois; U ni vers ity of Illino is Co llege of Law LAPAN, ROGER D . ll.S., Illinois State Galva Uni, crsity l'\onnal Chicago LAPPING, NORMAN E. Uni,·ers ity of Illinois LASER, College, n.s., L. KRAMER, GERALD \i\7right Junior Chicago Chicago Northwestern University, Hiram \Vestern Reserve U ni vers ily KLOSER, MARTIN B.B.A., Univers ity of Wisconsin \ ,V. Oskaloosa, Io wa KLEIN, MAURICE G. J. KownT, ARTHUR L \ 1,ER, R1 c 1-IARU Chicago n.s., St. Mary's College Chicago University Chicago Evanston B. D. Northwestern Ada, Okla. 11 .P.E. , Purdue University K ELLY, RAYMOND Kovrrz, ALAN LANAHAN, FRED P. New York, N. Y. KAUFMAN, HOWARD R. Lincolnwood University of Chicago Chicago Blandinsville C. KOSSACK, JOSEPH M. LAG10IA, SALVATORE II.A., Michigan State College KA UFF ~IANN, PHILIP Chicago B.S., Bradley Un ivers ity Chicago U niY c rs ity w. KASPERSON, RICHARD N. KOSMOND, JAMES Chicago B. RICHARD ll.A., Northwcstcn1 University J. LATKER, NORMAN U .S., University of l I li11ois; lllinois Co llege of Law LAZARUS, FRANKLIN Chicago Uni vers ity of w. Chicago University of Chicago, University of Pennsy lvania, Wittenberg Coll ege, Illinois In - stitute of Technology LEATON, JAMES Wilmette W. A.B. , Cornell University Seoul, Korea LEE, IN SONG LL.B., Seoul National Universily LEEll, THEODORE L. H.S .• Northwestern U nivers ity Chiwgo LEETZ, PAUL A. Chicago LEV, EDWARD R. Youngstown, Ohio A .B ., University of Illinois; Un il'e rsity of Illinois College of Law University of Illinois, Trinity LL.B., Un iversity of C in c inn ati College; LEVIN, EUGENE Chicago LEVINE, ALFIU:D H. B.S. , Univers it y of lllillois Chicago Un iversity of Chicago, University of Illinois, De Paul University �? REGISTER OF STUDENTS Cleveland Heights, Ohw J. LEVINE, HAROLD A.B ., Un iversity of Chicago LEVY, LARRY A. A.B., University of Michigan LEWIS, KENNETH S. B.S., Northwestern University D. LIEBERMAN, LYLE University of Illinois P. LIEBERMAN, RICHARD Nor t hwestern U ni versity Chicago Alton K. B.S., No r thwestern U niversity of LOULA, STANLEY D. Chicago B.S., Bradley University H. MACKEY, JERRY D. B.S., Nortll'western University Chicago Drake University; D rake University School of Law MACKOFF, BENJAMIN S. Chicago MAGIDSON, W ILLIAM H. Chicago P. Chicago B.S., Northwestern MAJEWSKI, CHESTER B.S., Northwestern University MALLECK, JOSEPH w. B.S., Roosevelt University A. MALONEY, ROBERT River Forest University of Detroit, Loyola MALONEY, THOMAS H. B.S., Northwestern University MANDEL, MARTHA P. B.S., Northwestern University MANILOW, FLOYD B. A.B., University of Illinois MARINO, CHARLES F. University Chicago B.S, , University of Illinois B.B.A. , Southern l\1cthod is t Unive rsity L. MAXWELL, RICHARD B.S., North·westcrn Un iversity E., JR. A.H. , Amherst College McNAMARA, THOMAS w. D. Uni ve rsity, Chicaga B.S ., University of I11inois Chicago Chicago Sioux Falls, S. D . L. Chicago Roosevelt College, University of Illinois Chicaga I. Queens College, University of Colorado, University of Buffalo M ITCHELL, JAMES R. Terre Haute, Ind. B.S., Northwestern Univers ity MITCHELL, WILLIAM G. Chicago Oklahoma Un ivers ity, Illinois Wesleyan University, Morgan Park Junior College Mix, J. BRONISLAUS MooRE, JOHN L. MORA, RONALD N. B.S., Indiana University Chicago of Northwestern University B.A., Beloit College Chicago Chicago University H. MILLNER, GORDON Atlanta, Ga . Oak Park University of Notre Dame Northwes tern :M iam i Evanston Oak Park A.B. , Grinne ll Coll ege B.S., Northwestern University Spring Hill College, Loyola University MARKFIELD, ARNOLD H. Peru, Ind . P. MAVRICK, THEODORE MISHKIN, MELVIN Jackson, Tenn. MALLOY, JOHN C. Chicago JR. l'vfINUSKIN, MYRON Chicago B.S., University of Illinois E., ROBERT MINOR, ROGER University Chicago B.S., Northwestern Un iversity MEYERS, ALVIN Evanston A.B., University of Chicago P. MCLENDON, FREDERICK Chicago Chicago B.S., Northwestern University McKAY, CURTIS J. LUCY, RICHARD Roosevelt College Chicago LOEFFLER, JAMES B.S., Loyola University MARRINSON, ALLEN J. U niversity of Illinois , MASON, Northwestern Un iversity , University i\1ichigan, Loyola Un iversity LIPPE, MELVIN Iowa City, Iowa A.M., University of Chicago; State Uni versity of Iowa College of Law Chicago Chicago D. MARLAS, LOUIS T. MARTIN , RENEE B.S., Northwestern University LINDGREN, ,,v1LLIAM Northwestern Un iversity Chicago Crystal Lake LINDBERG, GEORGE W. Chicago E. MARKS, MERTON MORGAN, GEORGE N., JR. B .S., Northwestern University MORRISON , SIDNEY E. Northwes tern University Chicago Rochelle Chicago Elgin Chfcago 41 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Sioux City, Iowa MUSHKIN, IRWIN B.S., North·western Un ivers ity NAGEL, STUART S. Northwestern Chicago University, J. NAGY, STEPHEN B.A., DcPauw Un ivers ity A. NELSON, MALCOLM B. A., Williams College NELSON, STEBBINS B.A., Wesleyan NEU, ARTHUR Chicago U niversity of Plymouth, Ind . Highland Park Chicago Un iversity Carroll, Iowa A. 1\.S., Northwestern U niversity NIDETZ, MELVIN B.S., M.A ., Un iversity of Illinois Chicago NIEDERMAN , ALLAN N. Highland B.B.A., U nivers ity of 1\lfiami NORGREN, ROBERT L. NORTHROP, JOHN L., Park I Forest B.A., Beloit College JR . B .S., No rthwestern Univers ity NoTZ, JoHN K., Park Winnetka JR. B.A., Williams Co llege NYGREN, JmIN T. B.S. , Northwes tern Univers ity OBERTO, MARGUERITE D. B.S., University of Illinois Berwyn Oak Park B.S .. Northwestern Univers ity Skokie OLIVER, ROBERT J. Rockforcl OLSEN, ROBERT J. Park Ridge H.S., Northwestern U niversity Il.A. , Beloit College OLSHANSKY, MELVIN A. Chicago OLSON, ALDEN T. Chicago Un iversi ty of Colorado B .S., Northwestern University O'SHEA, DANIEL M. Garden City, N. Y. B.Il.A. , Loyola University of Los Angeles Chicago OSSEY, MARSHALL D. B.S ., Univers ity of Illinois OSTROWSKI, LEO A .B., A. W. East Chicago, Ind. Un iversity of Michigan PALMER, BURTON H. B.S., 42 Northwestern Un iversity Institute P ASQUESI, THEODORE A . Brad ley vers ity University, of Highwood Northwestern Univers ity B.S., Davenport, Iowa H. Nor thwestern PAVALON, EUGENE Univers ity Chicago I. Univers ity of Illinois .l'EARCE, PAUL Uni- Chicago PATT, HERBERT J. PAULSEN, ROBERT Tech- Northwestern R. ll.S., Northwes tern Un ivers ity s. PETERSEN, DONALD 1vlaywood A .B., Augustana College PETERSEN, A.B., Augustana Illinois Davenport, Iowa E. HOWARD Co llege; University of J. Chicago PHILLIPS, GENE M. Rochester, Minn. PETROS, ANDREW B.S., Roosevelt College U.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute; M.B.A., Harvard Un ive rsity Kanorado, Kans. V. Northwes tern University LaGrange PODD, GEORGE 0., JR. A .B., Brown University POEHLMANN, THEODORE A. A.B., University of Illinois POGRUND, SHERWIN Roosevelt College, E. Chicago Chicago Univers ity of Illinois POPE, HAROLD N. Chicago POSNER, FRED S. Chicago University of Illinois, Northwestern Univers ity B.S., Northwestern Univers ity PowELL, RICHARD E. B .S., Northwestern University RABINOVICH , BENJAMIN H. B.S., Northwestern University RAILSBACK, THOMAS F. A.H., Grinnell College RANE, LEON C. B.S., De Paul University Chicago RAPPAPORT, EARLE S., JR. Chicago REIMER, DOUGLAS M. Il .S., Un iversity of Illinois; Un iversity of Illinois College of Law PAPPAS, CONSTANTINE P. Barrington p. BRIAN B.S., Massachusetts nology PICKREL, JAMES Spring Valley OGVILVIE, GEORGE F. p ARKER, Un ivers ity versity of Illino is, B.A., Lawrence College Chicago Chicago Moline Chicago Chicago Roosevelt Uni- Villa Park �I REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago RENIER, ARTHUR H., JR . Northwestern University Chicago· REYES, MANUEL B.S., Northwestern U niversity REYNOLDS, JOHN J. A.B., Georgetown University Winnetka Chicago RICHARDSON , JAMES E. B.S. , Northwestern ROBI NSON, University LAWRENCE E. A.B., George '\-Vash ington Joliet Uni vers ity ROLLIN, ARTHUR S . B.A., Michiga n State College; Northwestern U niversi1 y M.B.A ., Chicago L. ROSENB LOOM, MELVIN Chicago University of Maryland, George Washing. ton U ni ve rsity, University of Illinois Ronr , GERALD I. B .A., University Angeles of ROTH ENBAUM, NORMAN U niv ers ity Chicago of Allentown, Pa. California L. i\1ichigan , at Los Chicago University of Chicago ROTHMAN, LEE H. B.A., Universjty of California at Berkeley Flossmoor RUSSELL, EARL W. lndiana University, Harvard University School of Bu siness Adm inistration, North• western U ni vers ity RUTHER, JEROME B.S., J. Northwestern University SACHEN, V\IILLIAM f. James Millikin University Chicago Aurora Chicago SACHS, GERALD M. University of Illinois. De Paul University, Rooseve lt University SADLEK, LAWRENCE A., JR. LaGrange Park Il .S., Northwestern University SAHR, WILLIAM K. B.S. , Northwestern University SAUNDERS, RAYMOND E. B.A.. Northwestern University SCHECHTER, ALLEN E. Chicago SCHNEIDER, HARVEY J. Chicago A.B., University of Chicago B.A .• Northwestern University SCHNEIDER, Roy B., JR. B.S., University of Illinois; U ni ve rsity of Illinois College of Law Chicago SCHWERIN, KURT University of Breslau ; rvr.S.Sc., New York School for Social Research; U.S. , Ph.D. , Columbia University V. ScoBY, EDWARD A.B., University of No1re Dame Lake Forest SEARS, FRANKLIN R. Chicago SEVIN, M. Chicago B.S. , Northwestern Uni ve rsity; of Denver College of I .aw NORMAN Northwestern U nivers ity J. SEXNER, SIDNEY Chicago Northwestern University SHAPIRO, HYMAN J. Chicago SHEA, TIMOTHY J. Chicago B.S .• University of Illinois B.S., University of Notre Dame Fairbury SHULMAN , ALVIN D. B .S., University of Illinois SINGER, ALVIN I. B.A. , DePauw U niversity Highland Park 0. SLON AKER, JOHN Evanston B.S., ·Northwestern U niversity SMERLING, DAVID Chicago W. A.B., Univers ity of N[ ichigan SMITH, DONALD A. U.A ., Rooseve lt University f. B.A ., Dartmouth College Chicago Winnetka MARTIN Northwestern University B.A., University of Notre Dame A. B.S., No rthwestern University SOWLE, CLAUDE R., Chicago U ni ve rs iiy University of Illinois, \Vright Junior Co llege, De Paul University; De Paul U niversity College of Law SNOW, RICHARD A .B ., Knox College; State University of Iowa School of Law Chicago B. SCUDDER, STUART SMITH, RAY J. Chicago B.S., Loyola University Chicago L. SCHWARTZ, BERLE SMITH, Chicago L. SBARBORO, GERALD B.A., University of Illinois; Chicago-Kent College of Law SMITH, DOUGLAS Evanston Chicago SCHOENBURG, STUART M . III B.S .. Northwestern University Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago SOWLE, KATHRYN DIX Chicago SPAK, THEODORE Chicago B.A., Wellesley College B.S. , Northwestern University 43 �REGISTER OJ<' STUDENTS Detroit, Mich. SPIVAK, PETER B. B.A ., Ohio W esleyan University TISHLER, LOUIS B., JR. Chicago ToM, PING Chicago A.B., Uni versity of Mi chigan SPRINGS, HENRY \>'l. , JR. B.S .. North western U ni vers ity IVauli egan SPROGER, CHARLES E. B.S .. N orthwestern University Chicago TROTTI, ISABELLE STATHO UDAKIS, MA NUSOS S. fl.A .. R oose ve lt U niversit y Chicago TRYNER, JOSEPH i\orth wcs tc rn U nive rs it y Wilmington STEINBERG, BRADLEY D. Chicago TULLIS, ROBERT W. B.A. , Yale University Lake Forest D. AljJena, Mich . B.A ., Ca rleton College STEINBORN, STANLEY B.A., Michigan Sta te College Riverside D. STEPHENS, RICHARD B.S., W estern Illinois State College STEUDE, WILLIAM L. B.A ., Valparaiso University STOKEN, DICK A. Wright Junior Toledo, Ohio Chicago College, Rooseve lt U ni- versity, Loyola U nive rsity, ~£i chi ga n State College, U ni vers ity o f Ari zon a, U ni versit y of Chicago STOKES, JAMES Loyola ve rsity F. University, STOLLER, WILLIAM John Chicago Carroll J. Uni - Chicago Northwestern Uni versity, Unive rsity of iifiami , Purdue U niversity; U niversity of Illinois College of Law Chicago STONE, RONALD M. Northwes tern Uni versity STROEMER, RICHARD Wilmette H. B.A., Lake Forest College SUMMERFIELD, JOHN Chicago A. B.A., Brown University SUNDERLAND, Lours Donovan B. A.B., Wabash College B.S ., University of Illinois Chicago SWEENEY, JAMES R. Chicago B.S. , U ni versity of Notre Dame SWEIG, HOWARD B. B.S. , Northwestern University A.B. , Grove City College TzETZO, BASIL U nive rsity of Buffalo; A.B .. Colgate University TrcHo, STEVEN F. Chicago of Buffalo School of Law VAN HOUTEN, HENRY B.A. , H ope College Chicago R. Barrington VAN LEER, OSCAR J. Unive rsity of Am ste rdam ; \•Viscon s in School of Law VAN SICKLE, JAMES U niversity of Canton E. B.A. , Lake Forest Co llege Chicago WALSH, JOHN F. B.S. , i\lfarquette U nive rsity Ogdensburg, '"'ALTERS, MELVIN B.A., St. Lawre nce University Oak Park Chicago N. Y. WEBER, JOSEPH A. Prospect Heights B.A .. Drake University; Drake U niversity School of L aw Chicago WEIS, STUART M. De Paul University Chicago N. WENIG, LEONARD B.S., U niversity of Illinois WERNER, WALTER G. Albuquerque, B.A., University of Notre Dame C. A.B .. San Diego State College N.M. Chicago Chicago M. University of Illinois; University of Illinois College of Law WHITCUP, LEONARD S. Coral Gables, WILEY, RICHARD E. B .S. , Northwestern University Wilson Junior College, University of Chi - cago , U niversity of Illinois Buffalo, N. Y. LL .B. , Unive rsity B.S., Northwestern University Fair Oaks, Pa. THELIN, CALVIN B. 44 J. WEXLER, WARREN SWANSON, WARREN L. B .A ., University of Chicago Chicago M. B.S. , Loyola Unive rsity WEST, FLOYD Elgin SUSMAN, ARTHUR T. TENNANT, WILLIAM S. N orthwes tern U nive rsity WILKES, JAMES T., JR. Fla. Winnetka Harvey B.S., University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina School of Law Des Plaines WILLS, PETER B.A .. Northwestern University WINSBERG, BERNARD G. A.B., U niversity of Illinois Chicago �REGISTER OF STUDENTS \VJNTER, BERNARD R. B.A., Elmhurst College Wiss, ROBERT River Grove Chicago E. A.B ., Un iversity of Illinois WOLF, LAWRENCE M. Northwestern Wisconsin \,VOLIN, HARRY Univers ity, Glencoe Un iversity B .A., Michigan State College of Tokyo, Japan YONETSU, KAZUKO Jissen Women 's College; LL.B. , Keio University YowELL, \VILLIAM R. B.A., University of Colorado ZACZEK, LESTER C. B.A ., U ni versity of Notre Dame Glencoe Chicago Chicago , 45 �INDEX Abbott Hall, 33 Admission, 8 Alumni Association, 3:i Application for degree, 12 Bachelor of Arts, 11 Bachelor of Laws, 10 Bachelor of Science in Law, 11 Bookstore, 34 Buildings, 7 Calendar, 2 Coif, Order of, 21 Combined degrees, 11 Courses of study, 13 Curriculum, 12 Deg-rees, 9; combined, 11 Deposit account, student, 26 Doctor of Juridical Science, 11 Employment, 35 Examinations, 12 Facu lty, 4 Fees, 24 Fellowships, scholarships, prizes, 22 financial arrangements, 24; obligations, 25; regulations, 25 Foundations and special funds , 27 Found ing and location, Law School, 7 Fraternities, 33 Funds, loan, 24; special, 27 Gary , Elbert H., Library, 5, 26 Grades, 12 Health service, 33 Honors , 21 Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 31 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 31 Junior Bar Association, 32 Juris Doctor, 9 Legal clin ics, 28 Legal publications, 31; board, 31; staff, 5 Library, Elb ert H . Gary, 26; staff, 5 46 Limitation of work, 13 Lin thicum, Charles Clarence, l·oundation, 29 Loan funds, 24 Location of Law School, 7 Map of the camp us, 47 Master of Laws, 10 Mi li tary service, students entering, 26 Mimeograph service, 35 Northwestern University Law Review, 31 Officers and Trustees, University, 3 Origin and growth, University, 6 Personal losses, 35 Pictures, 27 P lacement service, 24 Prelegal study, 9 Prizes, 22 Program of the School, 7 Publications, 5, 31 Raymond, James Nelson and Anna Louise, Foundation, 27 Rebates, 26 Refunds, withdrawa ls and , 26 Register of students, 1955-56, 36-4!, Rosenthal, Julius, Foundation, 28 Schedules and hours, 2· Scholarships and prizes, 22 Special students, 9 Staff, 5 Student health service , 33 Teaching associates, 4, 21 Thatcher, Frank H. , Memorial Fund, 30 Towle, Henry S;..rgent, Memorial Fund, 30 Trustees, 3 T uition, fees, and financial arrangements, 24 Veterans' education, 34 Withdra wals and refunds, 26 �~ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO ~• O,i/Jmls ..Mtm6ri11/ Ho.rpit11/ 2~ mi. by ".(' I cr.:11.11on Campus 12 mil,s north I I I 0 N_twht .(ihrary i l111@; 1,11I SUPERIOR STREET HURON STREET t l ~- "'I " I "'. < I tl. ! I I i LEGEND 1 II'' ARD MEMOR IAL BUILDING 2 W I EBOLDT HALL 3 LEVY MAYER HAU AND GARY LAW UBRARY 4 T HORNE H A LL > ABBOTT H ALL 6 PATTERSON MEMORIAL BUILDING (PASSAVANT HOS P.ITU) CH ICAGO WESLE!' MEMORIAL HOSPITAL 8 MORTON MEDICAL RESEARCH BUILDING 9 VE T ERANS ADMIN ISTRATION RESEARCH HOSPITAL 10 DEPARTMENT OP NUTRITION AND METABOLISM ELEVATED LIN ES .(a Sall, Staticn H3J (jra11d (mtral ~ - Station 1 'Dta,born S,a;ion - •- •- • - STR EET CAR LINES BUS NUMBER 1$7 ...... ... .. . . OTHER BUS U NES FIELD MUSEUM SOLDIER FJELD I ADLER PLANETARIU~ SHEDD AQUARIUM St. .(11k,'s Hospital -YI Mil, South l b AIILE S0/JTI/ �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago and Evanston, Illinois GRADUATE SCHOOL-Ev anston and Chicago: Advanced study and research (for college-graduates) in many fields, leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Science in Dentistry, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degrees of Master of Business Administration and Master of Science in Hospital Administration is administered by the School of Commerce, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites) , which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degrees of Juris Doctor (for college graduates) and Bachelor of Laws (for students who have had three years of college) . By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-nine months. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago : Four-yea r course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston: Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF COMMERCE-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Evening studies leading to the Diploma in Commerce, the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Hospital Administra tion, and Master of Science in Hospital Administra tion; a daytime course requiring three to five quarters, depending on a student's prior education in business and economics, leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston: Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. Chicago: Evening studies (open to high school gr aduates) . SCHOOL OF EDUCATION- Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Ba chelor of Scien ce in Education. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston : Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Engineering. EVENING DIVISIONS-Chicago: Evening studies leading to certificates in education , liberal arts , and commerce; and programs leading to liberal arts degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Science in General Educa tion , and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration . Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in education and liberal arts fields. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago: Summer courses, for both graduate and undergraduate students, in liberal arts, commerce, education, journalism , law, music. and speech. For information regarding any school of the University, address the Director of Admission5. Northwestern University _ Evanston. lllinou �,- �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY• SCHOOL OF LAW• 1956-57 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1956-1957</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LVI, no. 26) for the 1956-1957 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1956-1957 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1956 May 28 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE SCHOOL OF LAW MAY ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes A M P M Levy Hall Elbert H Gary Library A M P M A M P M P M P M By Dean Northwestern Un Bulletin Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Entered Chicago Illinois Act Congress Section Act OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY J RoscoE MILLER M D LL D Sc D President University PAYSON S W LD PH D LL D Vice President Dean Faculties WILLIAM S KERR Vice President Business Manager A C VAN DUSEN PH D Vice President Director Public Relations JAMES M BROOKS C P A Administrative Assistant President JENS NYHOLM M A University Librarian FRANK S ENDICOTT PH D DirectC! University Placement KENNETH F BURGESS President Board Trustees PHILIP R CLARKE Vice President LESTER J NORRIS Vice President RAWLEIGH WARNER Vice President STANLEY G HARRIS Secretmy ROBERT A GARDNER Treasurer General Funds WESLEY M DIXON Treasurer Endowment Funds HAROLD H ANDERSON MRS ROBERT R BAKER RALPH A BARD JAMES M BARKER ALFRED W BAYS CARLETON BLUNT BERTRAM J CAHN GEORGE R CAIN TILDEN L CUMMINGS WALTER J CUMMINGS PAUL S CUMMINS GEORGE B DRYDEN JOHN M ELLIOTT WILLIAM T FARICY ROLAND D FELTMAN WADE FETZER WADE FETZER JR GAYLORD A FREEMAN JR WILLIS D GALE DAVID GRAHAM JAY L HENCH THEODORE V HOUSER RALPH M HUESTON DOWNING B J ENKS JAMES R LEAVELL JoHN J LOUIS BENTLEY G MCCLOUD FOSTER G MCGAW AUBREY H MELLINGER JAMES J NANCE JAMES F OATES JR WILLIAM A PATTERSON HOLMAN D PETTIBONE IRWIN REw GILBERT H SCRIBNER JOHN G SEARLE HAROLD A SMITH FRANKLYN B SNYDER LEONARD P SPACEK ELMER T STEVENS JAMES F STILES JR MRS ROBERT C SUHR RAYMOND C WIEBOLDT KENNETH V ZWIENER ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES RAY BOND HAROLD A BOSLEY CHARLES W BRASHARES HARRY A BREWER Life TrusLee EADEN DAVIS THOMAS B Luce C GORDON PHILLIPS ELWOOD H SCHNEIDER FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST JOHN EDMUND CooNs ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR FRED EDWARD INBAU BRUNSON MACCHESNEY PHILIP JOHN MuRPHY NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK ALAN NORMAN POLASKY JAMES ANDREW RAHL HARRY BROWNE REESE WILLIAM ROBERT ROALFE LL B Professor Law Librarian HOWARD RAYMOND SACKS DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER WILLIAM MAYOR TRUMBULL WILLIAM WILLARD WIRTZ VAUGHN CHARLES BALL JOSEPH DAINOW Second Semester RITCHIE GILRUTH DAVIS JoHN Coates O'BYRNE JR WILLIAM WEBB BRADY KARL DE SCHWEINITZ IRVING GOLDSTEIN ROBERT HANLEY HENRY LEO HILL JAMES PALMER JOHNSON JosEPH RICHARD JULIN ALBERT KEGAN VANCE N KIRBY ROBERT MARKS JAMES T RAMEY WILLIS S RYZA WALTER VINCENT SCHAEFER JOHN PAUL STEVENS EDWARD CLEAVELAND SWEENEY SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON OWEN RALL TEACHING ASSOCIATES J WILLIAM BRAITHWAITE FLORENCE RUTH GRAHAM WILLIAM PENROSE HIGMAN EDWARD RAYMOND LEV STAFF PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H PEDRICK ROBERT H GAULT ORDWAY HILTON FRED E INBAU EDWARD C SWEENEY MARIE D CHRISTIANSEN GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M Loms JANE B STEVENSON MARY CRAWFORD MARY P MASSEY JUNE R PEDRICK DOROTHY A KORHUMEL HELEN R ROSENTHAL SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI ELBERT H GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R RoALFE KURT SCHWERIN DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E TEIGLER ADOLFS SPRUDZS DOROTHY KLOFKORN IDA M OLSON MARIA CHUDZINSKA HELEN HoLLERT NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A " North Western University" Chicagoans Methodist " " They Chicago With Evanston " " Despite Civil · Chicago Gradually Specialized "College Literature Science " One University' Chicago Campus Its School Law Medical Dental Schools School Commerce Evening Divisions University Today Northwestern Its University Evanston Campus University Through THE EVANSTON CAMPUS Evanston Campus College Liberal Arts Graduate School Schools Music Speech Education Journalism Commerce Technological Institute Summer Session About Schools Evanston Campus Living Women' Quadrangles Men' Quadrangles Newest Men' Quadrangles Dwight St John Bobb Memorial Building McCulloch Hall THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION T HE SCHOOL OF LAW Thomas Hoyne Union College Law Northwestern University th University Chicago School Northwestern University Northwestern University School Law School Chicago Campus Lake Michigan L Shore Drive Chicago Avenue ' Chicago' Loop BUILDINGS Levy Hall Mrs Levy Chicago Elbert H Gary Library Building Elbert H Gary Class A Mrs Hortense Hirsch Mr Mrs Levy Levy Hall Chicago Avenue On Lowden Hall Governor Frank Lowden School' To Lincoln Hall On ' Booth Hall Henry Booth School Elbert H Gary Library From On Faculty Room ' Hoyne Hall Thomas Hoyne School Hurd Hall Harvey Bostwick Hurd On On On Lake Michigan School PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School Its Nevertheless Middle H ADMISSION School Leaders Faculty School To ' Buildings ADMISSION New Under An ' A ' · A Servicemen All Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service " An Applicants • School Law No Educational Testing Service Nassau Street Princeton New Jersey PRELEGAL STUDY Chicago School Dean Illinois Dean School Students No Auditors School Forms PRELEGAL STUDY Among Such Although School Law Faculty Ordinarily Bachelor Arts Science English School Association American Law Schools Students School Law DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law Before Faculty ' DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR Juris Doctor ' Jaw DEGREES School Law Northwestern University School Law University Where Faculty ' Juris Doctor "With Distinction" "With Highest Distinction " \ DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS \ Bachelor Laws School Law J Northwestern University School Law University II By Faculty Bachelor Laws School School School Faculty \ / Bachelor Laws Where Faculty ' Bachelor Laws "With Distinction" "With Hig· Distinction " DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS Master Laws Faculty A Master Laws School Northwestern University Law Review DEGREES DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE Doctor Juridical Science Scientiae Juridicae Doctor S J D Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor A Doctor Juridical Science School ' Faculty Faculty Faculty Dean Faculty Faculty Candidates They Faculty School COMBINED DEGREES / DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS •• J ' A"' • • L Bachelor Arts College Liberal Arts ! University Register School Law School Law School Law College { ¼Jberal ' / • II A • ' School Law ! 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Waldo Jr George B Young REGISTER OF STUDENTS AIIRAHAMSON ROBERT L ADAMS ARTHUR WARE ADAMS RONALD J ANGLE JOHN E APPEL MARTIN ARONSON ROBERT H ARTHUR JAMES K ARTHUR THOMAS ASPEN MARVIN E ATKINS ROBERTS BAIER JAY A BALDASSARI LEONARD O BALMES VERNON R BANZULY ROBERT D BARNARD RONALD L BARRETT PETER BARTLER JOHN C BAss YALE P BAUM DAVID B BEANE DON E BECK LOWELL R BERKE CHARLES A BERKOWITZ IRWIN M BERMAN ARTHUR L BERMAN EDWARD A BERMAN GILBERT BERNFIELD GLEN R BLAHA L MARTIN BLANCHARD · LLIAM K BLASE GuY O BLUM LEONARD E BLUM MELVIN A BLUMENTHAL STANLEY S BOLLMAN ROBERT M BOOKER vVILLIAM A BOROVSKY HERBERT L BOSTROM RICHARD J BRADEN THOMAS L BRAITHWAITE J WILLIAM BRILL RICHARD H BROWN DONALD N BROWN MALCOLM BROWN MORRIS C BRUNDAGE JOHN M BULLARO SAMUEL J BULLER ARTHUR R BURNS MICHAEL A BURR EDWARD R BUTLER PATRICK D BUTLER WILLIAM PIERCE CALLAHAN CORNELIUS P JR CAREY THOMAS F CARLSON C BLAINE CARR CLAUDE E JR CASSIDY THOMAS V CERNE WENCE F JR CHANEN FRANKLIN A CHAPMAN HOWARD L CHATZ JAMES A CHERNAK JOHN A CHRISSIS BYRON J CHRISTENSEN DONALD J CIMELEY GENE A CITRIN PHILLIP M CLARK CHARLES E CLARK JOSEPH CoDO NORMAN F Joliet COHEN DONALD W COHEN MARTIN A COHN MARTIN COLE THAD L COLLINS JOHN A CONKLIN RICHARD C CONWAY MARIE TERESA COPELAND EDWARD J COPENHAVER WILLIAM H Corru WILLIAM R CRANE RONALD J CuNCANNAN JOHN W CZACHOROWSKI WIKTOR CzERMAK HAROLD DAVIS RONALD S DAWES RUFUS C DEL RE ROBERT N DEMICHELIS ROBERT J DEMING VINTON DEVINE JOHN J DIVER JOHN R DIXIT RAM KRISHNA DoNNERSBERGER FREDERIC G DUNN WILLIAM R DUNNE ARTHUR L ECKERT RICHARD F EDWARDS RAYMOND EHRET JOHN B EHRLICH JACK STUART EICHMEIER ROGER W EIFERT HELMUT EIFRIG WILLIAM LOUIS ELLIS BERNARD M ELROD RICHARD J ENGLAND E HERBERT JR ERGO RICHARD W ERNST PETER W FACKTOR JERROLD M FALASZ JOHN M JR FELTMAN JEROME M FERGUSON OLIVER D FIELD LESLIE E FINN DONALD P FISHMAN RONALD FOLKERS FRANK G FREEMAN BARRY J FREEMAN MICHAEL FRIEDMAN RICHARD E FRISBY OWEN V FUJII HIRONORI FUNAI MASARU GARONS MICHAEL GARTNER STEWART GAYNOR MALCOLM M GEISLER ASHER Decatur GILBERT ALICE L GILBERT IRA S GILL FRANKLIN E JR GILL JOHN J GILLIES DONALD A GILLIN LEON S GILSON JEROME GINSBURG SEYMOUR B GITLES GERALD A GLAZER MYRON G GLOCKNER WARREN H GOELZ CHARLES W GOFF VOLNEY BARLOW GOODMAN BARRY F GOODMAN ELLIOTT GORR CARL H GOSDICK ROBERT W Rockford GOULD ARTHUR GRABEMANN KARL W GREANIAS TELEMACHOS GREEN SHELDON GREENFIELD MICHAEL C GRETLER WILLIAM E GRIMSHAW THOMAS T GROSBY MAURICE E GROSSMAN FREDRIC J GUTSTEIN ALFRED R HAARMEYER ARTHUR L HACKBARTH ALFRED E JR HAHNE HELEN HANEY ALVIS HANNA DAVID T HARLAN M SCRIBNER II HARRER RICHARD G HARTIGAN JOHN M HARTNETT GEORGE F JR HASKI N WARREN C HATFIELD Guy E HAVIGHURST CLARK C HELLER MAURICE L HELMAN ROBERT A HELMS WILLIAM R HENLEY THOMAS A JR HERGENROTHER THOMAS E HIRSCHTRITT RICHARD HOLLANDER GEORGE M HOMER RICHARD S HOITE ROBERT W HUBER DONALD K HULL JAMES R HULL LYMAN W IGOE JAMES J ISHIDA LINCOLN J JACKSON ROGER N JAFFE DONALD JAFFE S GERALD JOHNSTON FREDERICK P JONES EARL C KAHAN DoNALD A KAHN HOWARD KALISH JEROME B KANTER ARNOLD A KARONES JOHN G KASPERSON RICHARD KAUFFMANN PHILIP C KAUFMAN HOWARD R KELLY RAYMOND B KEMPER RICHARD J KENNEDY VICTOR N KLEIN MAURICE G KLOSER MARTIN F KLYN MARK S KoFKIN LEONARD R KOPALD NOEL S KORENGOLD HOWARD L KOSIN DONALD G KOSMOND JAMES N KOSSACK JOSEPH M Kovitz ALAN D Kowitt ARTHUR J KRAMER GERALD L KUKLA ROBERT J KURLANDER DONALD J LAGIOIA SALVATORE M LANAHAN FRED P LANER RICHARD W LAPAN ROGER D LAPPING NORMAN E LASER RICHARD B LATKER NORMAN J LAZARUS FRANKLIN LEATON JAMES W LEE IN SONG LEEB THEODORE L LEETZ PAUL A LEV EDWARD R LEVIN EUGENE LEVINE ALFRED H LEVINE HAROLD J LEVY LARRY A LEWIS KENNETH S LIEBERMAN LYLE D LIEBERMAN RICHARD P LINDBERG GEORGE W LINDGREN W LLIAM D LIPPE MELVIN K LOEFFLER JAMES J LOULA STANLEY D LUCY RICHARD H MACKEY JERRY D MACKOFF BENJAMIN S MAGIDSON WILLIAM H MAJEWSKI CHESTER P MALLECK JOSEPH MALLOY JOHN C MALONEY ROBERT A MALONEY THOMAS H MANDEL MARTHA P MANILOW FLOYD B MARINO CHARLES F MARKFIELD ARNOLD H MARKS MERTON E MARLAS LOUIS T MARRINSON ALLEN J MARTIN RENEE P MASON ROBERT E JR MAVRICK THEODORE P B MAXWELL RICHARD L McKAY CURTIS MCLENDON FREDERICK E JR McNAMARA THOMAS \ MEYERS ALVIN D MILLNER GORDON H MINOR ROGER L MINUSKIN MYRON MISHKIN MELVIN MITCHELL JAMES R MITCHELL WILLIAM G Mix BRONISLAUS J MooRE JOHN L MORA RONALD N MORGAN GEORGE N JR MORRISON SIDNEY E MUSHKIN IRWIN NAGEL STUART S NAGY STEPHEN J NELSON MALCOLM A NELSON STEBBINS NEU ARTHUR A NIDETZ MELVIN NIEDERMAN ALLAN N NORGREN ROBERT L NORTHROP JOHN L JR NoTZ JoHN K JR NYGREN JOHN T OBERTO MARGUERITE D OGVILVIE GEORGE F OLIVER ROBERT J OLSEN ROBERT J OLSHANSKY MELVIN A OLSON ALDEN T O'SHEA DANIEL M OSSEY MARSHALL D OSTROWSKI LEO A W PALMER BURTON H PAPPAS CONSTANTINE P PARKER BRIAN PASQUESI THEODORE A PATT HERBERT J PAULSEN ROBERT H PAVALON EUGENE PEARCE PAUL R PETERSEN DONALD PETERSEN HOWARD E PETROS ANDREW J PHILLIPS GENE M PICKREL JAMES V PODD GEORGE O JR POEHLMANN THEODORE A E POGRUND SHERWIN POPE HAROLD N POSNER FRED S PowELL RICHARD E RABINOVICH BENJAMIN H RAILSBACK THOMAS F RANE LEON C RAPPAPORT EARLE S JR REIMER DOUGLAS M RENIER ARTHUR H JR REYES MANUEL REYNOLDS JOHN J RICHARDSON JAMES E ROBINSON LAWRENCE E ROLLIN ARTHUR S ROSENBLOOM MELVIN L Roth GERALD ROTHENBAUM NORMAN L ROTHMAN LEE H RUSSELL EARL W RUTHER JEROME J SACHEN WIILLIAM SACHS GERALD M SADLEK LAWRENCE A JR SAHR WILLIAM K SAUNDERS RAYMOND E SBARBORO GERALD L SCHECHTER ALLEN E SCHNEIDER HARVEY J SCHNEIDER Roy B JR SCHOENBURG STUART M SCHWARTZ BERLE L SCHWERIN KURT ScoBY EDWARD V SCUDDER STUART B SEARS FRANKLIN R SEVIN NORMAN M SEXNER SIDNEY J SHAPIRO HYMAN J SHEA TIMOTHY J SHULMAN ALVIN D SINGER ALVIN SLONAKER JOHN O SMERLING DAVID W SMITH DONALD A SMITH DOUGLAS SMITH MARTIN SMITH RAY J SNOW RICHARD A SOWLE CLAUDE R III SOWLE KATHRYN DIX SPAK THEODORE SPIVAK PETER B SPRINGS HENRY JR SPROGER CHARLES E STATHOUDAKIS MANUSOS S STEINBERG BRADLEY D STEINBORN STANLEY D STEPHENS RICHARD D STEUDE WILLIAM L STOKEN DICK A STOKES JAMES F STOLLER WILLIAM J STONE RONALD M STROEMER RICHARD H Wilmette SUMMERFIELD JOHN A SUNDERLAND Louis B SUSMAN ARTHUR T SWANSON WARREN L SWEENEY JAMES R SWEIG HOWARD B TENNANT WILLIAM S THELIN CALVIN B TicHo STEVEN F TISHLER LOUIS B JR ToM PING TROTTI ISABELLE M TRYNER JOSEPH J TULLIS ROBERT W TzETZO BASIL VAN HOUTEN HENRY R VAN LEER OSCAR J VAN SICKLE JAMES E WALSH JOHN F WALTERS MELVIN WEBER JOSEPH A WEIS STUART M WENIG LEONARD N WERNER WALTER G WEST FLOYD C WEXLER WARREN M WHITCUP LEONARD S WILEY RICHARD E WILKES JAMES T JR WILLS PETER WINSBERG BERNARD G WINTER BERNARD R Wiss ROBERT E WOLF LAWRENCE M WOLIN HARRY YONETSU KAZUKO YowELL WILLIAM R ZACZEK LESTER C INDEX Abbott Hall Admission Alumni Association Application Bachelor Arts Bachelor Laws Bachelor Science Law Bookstore Buildings Calendar Coif Order Combined Courses Curriculum Degrees Deposit Doctor Juridical Science Employment Examinations Faculty Fees Fellowships Foundations Founding Law School Fraternities Funds Gary Elbert H Library Grades Health Honors Journal Air Law Commerce Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Juris Doctor Legal Legal Library Elbert H Gary Limitation Linthicum Charles Clarence Foundation Loan Location Law School Map Master Laws Military Mimeograph Northwestern University Law Review Officers Trustees University Origin University Personal Pictures Placement Prelegal Prizes Program School Publications Raymond James Nelson Anna Louise Foundation Rebates Refunds Register Rosenthal Julius Foundation Schedules Scholarships Special Staff Student Teaching Thatcher Frank H Memorial Fund Towle Henry Sargent Memorial Fund Trustees Tuition Veterans' Withdrawals SCHOOL OF LAW Chicago Three Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws By NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW https://plrccollections.org/files/original/57a9cf772bdc49020c1d6c1c4f110bdf.pdf 62a1f019d15d2c11b4a082e79053af53 PDF Text Text LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN NORTHWESTERN Vol. LV UNIVERSITY May 9, 1955 BULLETIN No. 23 ��LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN If you are planning to study law and are faced with the problem of choosing a law school, you naturally want to learn as much as you can about each of the schools which you are considering. This booklet is designed to help you by giving you additional information about Northwestern. It supplements the more formal statements of the official bulletin. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Northwestern Law_ School, as it is today, bears the stamp of John Henry Wigmore, author of the great treatise on Evidence, one of the most distinguished legal scholars of all time, and Dean of the School from 1901 to 1929. Under his guidance Northwestern achieved the character of a national law school; it became identified with forward-looking movements in legal education; and it adopted a policy of maintaining a student body of limited size. Wigmore's great contributions to the Law School were carried forward under the able leadership of· Leon Green, outstanding legal scholar in the field of Torts and Dean of the School until 1947. When it is said that Iorthwestern is a national law school, the meaning is that its program is designed to provide a broad training in the techniques of th e law and to give to the student a foundation that will enable him to work with legal materials. It does not concentrate upon imparting a knowledge of the legal rules applicable in one DEAN WIGMORE �jurisdiction. It is fair to say, however, that the distinction between a "national" and a "local" law school is not as sharp as is sometimes represented. All schools of any stature place primary emphasis upon the development of skills rather than upon imparting knowledge and the instruction in all of the national schools tends to reflect the interest of faculty members in legal developments in the area where the school is located. The difference in the breadth of the training then is one of degree. The "national" character of a school results partly from the fact that its students are drawn from various parts of the country and its graduates are engaged in practice in many states. The forward-looking character of legal education at Northwestern established in Wigmore's time is attested by a number of pioneering efforts. This School was the first to establish an extensive legal clinic where students as a part of their training have the opportunity to interview clients and to take a part in the conduct of cases in the courts. The curriculum here was among the first to show increased emphasis upon public law when the practice of law came to be concerned more and more with gO!fernmental matters. The "problem" method which is receiving so much acclaim today was first used at Northwestern in the years before the war. The School continues to seek improvement in educational methods both in the matter of curriculum content and in the techniques used in the classroom. The third characteristic mentioned above has to do with the size of the student body. Many years ago a policy of selective admission was adopted in order to maintain a student body of high quality and sufficiently small to afford opportunity for close relationships among the students and between students and Faculty. It was felt that the best work on the part of students can be encouraged through the development of a true professional atmosphere, and that the education of large numbers is not well suited for achieving this purpose. In the matter of size, the pressing demand for legal education in the years immediately following World War II dictated some concession, and the enrollment was permitted to rise temporarily beyond the ideal. Today, however, the student body numbers approximately 300 and it is planned to maintain it at or near that level. UPPER Levy Mayer Hall and Elbert Gary Library from t he no rth e ast. LOW ER Abbott Hall and Thorne Hall from t he Law School. �Irr lf ll ' r, Ii ffln, ll nlhir. 1,1111,, !ff I 1U 1m tun IUIU I! 1nm r 11 ��PROGRAM OF LE GAL EDUCAT I ON As in other American law schools, most of the instruction at Northwestern is conducted by the case method. There are several special features of the program, however, which should be mentioned and some of these mark modifications or departures from the case method as it is usually employed: (1) In a number of the courses, the organization and presentation of materials developed in this School are designed to emphasize the great importance of facts and to develop skill in dealing with them. (2) The problem method, previously referred to, is used extensively in the advanced courses. Essentially this method contemplates that, instead of merely studying cases already decided, the student is presented with new problems and is required to read cases, statutes, and other materials in order to arrive at some solution. The subject of Taxation, for which a large place is made in the curriculum, is taught entirely by this method. ( 3) In the first semester of the third year the work is concentrated upon the various aspects of corporate industry. Separate courses cover the relations of the corporation (a) with stockholders, (b) with employees, and (c) with customers and competitors. There are also seminars on "Law and the Industrial Society" in which the students have the opportunity to consider problems of corporate industry as a whole, thus integrating the work covered in the various courses. (4) In the third year, also, in addition to other elective courses, the student has a wide choice of seminars. These afford the opportunity for intensive study in small groups of from ten to twenty students each. Many of these seminars are devoted principally to problems of counseling · and drafting. THE FACULTY More than 80% of the instruction in the School is given by full-time teachers. This is in accordance with the best modern thought on legal education. With a light teaching schedule of from four to six classes UPPER Students a t work in the Li b rary. LOWER A vie w in Lowden Hall , th e student lounge. �per week, each Faculty member is able to spend considerable time working individually with students on the Law Review and other projects, to carry on studies and writing in his field of specialization, and to take an active part in movements to bring about improvements in the law and in the administration of justice. Members of the Faculty also lecture extensively before bar associations and other groups who are interested in keeping abreast of legal developments. Altho ugh devoting full time to the interests of the Law School, every fu ll -time member of the Northwestern Law Faculty has had experience in the practice of law, and many often are called upon to serve as consultants. Although the Law School program is thus carried on primarily by full-time teachers, the lawyers and judges who teach on a part-time basis make a distinct contribution to legal education at Northwestern. The location of the School, only about a mile and a half from the courts and most of the Chicago law offices, places it in a unique position to utilize their services to the best advantage. The close collaboration between full-time and part-time Faculty members is helpfu I to both groups, and the students gain from thi~ conlact with the men who are active in the practice or on the bench. STUDE NT-FAC ULTY RELAT I D NS As previously suggested, the relative] y small student body provides the maximum opportunity for close student-Faculty relations. This feature of Northwestern is facilitated in a number of ways. In planning the law building Dean Wigmore insisted that the Faculty offices should open on the corridors rather than in the library stacks in order to encourage students to consult with their instructors. Frequent coffee hours sponsored by the Junior Bar Association- the student organiza tion - provide an opportunity for the mingling of students and Faculty on a social plane. At some time du ring his first year each student is entertained in the home of a member of the Faculty. UPPER A sem inar in the Wigmo re Room . LOWER A class in Booth Holl. -, ���LEGAL PUBLICATIONS The School publishes a professional journal which is circulated widely among judges and lawyers and is often cited in briefs and judicial opinions. It is called the Northwestern University Law Review and is edited by the students. As in many other law schools, high ranking students in the second-year class are given the opportunity to compete for election to the Board of Editors of the Law Review. The fact that the student body at Northwestern is not large means that the percentage of the student body having this chance is higher than in some of the other schools. Students also write for the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, published by the School and having a large circulation throughout the world; and there is a student section _ in the Journal of Air Law and Commerce, sponsored jointly by the Law School and the Northwestern School of Commerce. Although the Law Review students work hard, they take one day off every spring in which they play a softball game with the Faculty and hold a dinner where the principal sport is caricaturing the foibles of their professors. BUILDINGS Levy Mayer Hall, Elbert H. Gary Library, and Abbott Hall are described in the Law School bulletin. For those of you who are not in a position to visit the School, several exterior and interior views are provided in this booklet. FINANCIAL AID If you have the ability and the motivation necessary for law study, the School is committed to providing all possible assistance for you so that you will not be deterred in realizing your ambition by a lack of financial means. Through scholarships, student loans, and a limited amount of part-time work, many students in the past have completed their law studies at Northwestern with a minimum of initial saving and outside financial assistance. Needless to say, however, if you have Students and Faculty enjoying a discussion over a cup of coffee. INSETS Faculty-Law Review baseball game. The batter is Professor Nathanson . The base runner is Mr. Justice Schaefer. �some resources to begin with, you will be in a better position to carry successfully the heavy burden of legal study. In addition to graduate fellowships, the School provides about fifty scholarships annually available to students who are candidates for the first degree in law. Many of these are for full tuition or more. The various scholarship funds are described in the bulletin. University loans are made to students without interest until graduation. Those who have not previously attended any school of Northwestern University are eligible after attendance for one semester. Monitorships in the Gary Library and board jobs at Abbott Hall or at neighboring hospital s provide light work which most students can handle without harm to their studies. Many other opportunities for parttime employment exist in the city, but if a student holds a job that encroaches to any considerable degree on his hours for study, it may be desirable for him to reduce his program. RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES The law student soon learns the truth of the old saying that " the law is a jealous mistress." He will not be able to indulge extensively in amusements or spend much time in attending social events. Nevertheless, no man or woman can accomplish a maximum of work without a reasonable amount of recreation. This is available at Northwestern and is in part under the sponsorship of the Junior Bar Association and the legal fraternities. The former holds a dance open to all students and their dates once each semester. Other parties are held from time to time by the fraternities. Each student receives an invitation to join a fraternity and none of these follows any discriminatory policy in the matter of membership. Members do not live or eat together and lines are not sharply drawn. The fraternities do, however, arrange for quite a number of occasions which have professional as well as recreational value. The inter-fraternity ath letic program provides an intramural sports interest. Many opportunities for entertainment and cultural pursuits afforded in a city like Chicago are close at hand. INSET A student room in Abbott Hall. Abbott Hall dining room. ��GRADUATES A final word concerning the alumni. For, although the information about the School's program and the conditions of student life may be of interest to you, you will also want to know about the product. It is of course impossible to list all of the alumni achievements, hut a few of the facts may he stated. Among the younger graduates, eleven have in recent years served with distinction as law clerks for Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States. Others have made their marks in the best law offices of the country and in the departments of the government. Throughout the ye, rs many of the older alumni have held high judicial positions in the federal and state courts. Others are partners in leading law firms. They have been active in the work of the organized bar. Within nine years three have served as president of the Chicago Bar Association and one was President of the American Bar Association. Also included among the Northwestern graduates have been several governors and candidates for President of the United States, as well as many holders of other significant governmental positions. If your final choice in the matter of a law school should he Northwestern and you complete your legal studies successfully, it is believed that you will find continuing satisfaction in being a member of the great alumni body of the School. Cover picture from an original Ektachrome print by James K. Arthur. ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: Law Study at Northwestern</div> Description An account of the resource This special <i>Bulletin</i> (vol. LV, no. 23) offers additional information on the Law School for prospective students. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1955 Law Study Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 May 9 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN . Northwestern. . GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Northwestern Law School John Henry Wigmore Evidence Dean School . Under Northwestern . Wigmore' Law School · Leon Green Torts Dean School . Iorthwestern . DEAN WIGMORE . " " " " . All . . " " . Northwestern Wigmore' . School . gO! . " " Northwestern . School . . Many Faculty. . World War II . Today . UPPER Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library . LOWER Abbott Hall Thorne Hall Law School. PROGRAM OF LE GAL EDUCATION American Northwestern . There ( ) School . ( ) . Essentially . Taxation . ( ) . Separate ( ) ( ) ( ) . There "Law Industrial Society" . ( ) . These . Many . · THE FACULTY More % School . . With UPPER Students Li . LOWER A Lowden Hall . Faculty Law Review . Members Faculty . Although Law School Northwestern Law Faculty . Although Law School Northwestern. School Chicago . Faculty . STUDE NT FAC ULTY RELAT D NS ] Faculty . Northwestern . Dean Wigmore Faculty . Frequent Junior Bar Association Faculty . Faculty. UPPER A Wigmore Room . LOWER A Booth Holl. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS School . Northwestern University Law Review . Board Editors Law Review. Northwestern . Students Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science School Journal Air Law Commerce Law School Northwestern School Commerce. Although Law Review Faculty . BUILDINGS Levy Hall Elbert H. Gary Library Abbott Hall Law School . School . FINANCIAL AID School . Through Northwestern . Needless Students Faculty . INSETS Faculty Law Review . Professor Nathanson. Mr. Justice Schaefer. . School . Many . . University . Those Northwestern University . Monitorships Gary Library Abbott Hall . Many . RECREATION AND SOCIAL ACTIVITIES " ." He . Nevertheless . Northwestern Junior Bar Association . . . Each . Members . . . Many Chicago . INSET A Abbott Hall. Abbott Hall . GRADUATES A . School' . . Among Justices Supreme Court United States Chicago Bar Association President American Bar Association. Also Northwestern President United States . Northwestern School. Cover Ektachrome James K. Arthur. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/2d24a75304442f3624d5bb40dada2292.pdf 140417b17f322cc540bf06d31fed13af PDF Text Text THE SCHOOL OF VOL. LV • MARCH 28, 1955 • No. 17 LAW �Northwestern University Bulletin is published by Northwestern University weekly from December to the end of the academic year, at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. Entered as second-class mail matter September 26, 1947, at the post office at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912; acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October S, 1917, authorized on June 14, 1918. �ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1955-56 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ��CALENDAR 1955 SEPT. 19-21 Monday-Wednesday SEPT. 21 Wednesday SEPT. 22 Thursday Nov. DEC. Registration for first semester. Orientation day for entering students. Classes begin. 24-26 Thursday-Saturday Thanksgiving recess. Christmas recess begins. 17 Saturday 1956 JAN. 3 Tuesday Classes resume. JAN. 20 Friday Classes close. JAN. 23 Monday Examination period begins. FEB. 1 Wednesday Examination period closes. FEB. 6 Monday Second semester classes begin. APRIL 14 Saturday Spring recess begins. APRIL 23 Monday Classes resume. MAY 9_::, Classes close. MAY 28 Monday JUNE Friday Examination period begins. 6 Wednesday Examination period closes. 18 Monday NINETY-EIGHTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. JUNE 19 Tuesday Registration for summer term. JUNE 20 Wednesday Summer term classes begin. JUNE JULY AUGUST AUGUST 4 Monday Holiday. 10 Friday Classes close. 13-16 Monday-Thursday Examination period. SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held on weekdays, except Saturday, between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The building is open to students from 7:00 A.M. to 11:00 P.M. each weekday, and from 1:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. By special permission of the Dean, students may be permitted to use the study rooms of the building at other hours. �OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY President of the University Vice-President and Dean of Faculties ·w1LLIAM S . KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager A. C. VAN DUSEN, PH.D., Vice-President and Director of Public Relations JAMES M. BROOKS, C.P.A ., Administrative Assistant to the President JE!>IS NYHOLM, M.A., University Librarian FRANK S. ENDICOTT, PH.D., Director of University Placement KENNETH F. BURGESS, President of the Board of Trustees PHILIP R. CLARKE, Vice-President LESTER J. NORRIS, Vice-President RAWLEIGH w ARNER, Vice-President STANLEY G. HARRIS, Secretary ROBERT A. GARDNER, Treasurer, General Funds WESLEY M. DIXON, Treasurer, Endowment Funds J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL.D., HAROLD H. "JAMES R. LEAVELL ANDERSON •MRS. ROBERT R. BAKER M. JAMES FOSTER G. McGAW BARKER *ALFRED W. BAYS • ARTHUR J. R. GEORGE CAHN JAMES F. OATES, JR. WILLIAM A. PATTERSON "HOLMAN D. PETTIBONE CUMMINGS B. DRYDEN M. ELLIOTT "GEORGE "JOHN J. McINTOSH JAMES J . NANCE CAIN TILDEN L. CUMMINGS "WALTER T. • AUBREY H. MELLINGER CARLETON BLUNT • BERTRAM JOHN J. LOUIS "BENTLEY G. MCCLOUD "RALPH A. BARD "IRWIN REw •WALTER DILL SCOTT GILBERT H. SCRIBNER "'-VILLIAM T. FARICY JOHN G. SEARLE ROLAND D . FELTMAN HAROLD A. SMITH "WADE FETZER "FRANKLYN B. SNYDER WADE FETZER, JR. GAYLORD A. FREEMAN, JR. LEONARD P. SPACEK WILLIS D. GALE ELMER 0. LOWELL HASTINGS L. T. STEVENS JAMES F. STILES, JR. HENCH MRS. ROBERT C. SUHR THEODORE V. HOUSER RAYMOND C. WIEBOLDT RALPH M. HUESTON KENNETH . V. ZWIENER JAY DOWNING B. JENKS ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES RAY BOND THOMAS B . LUGG CHARLES W. BRASHARES C. GORDON PHILLIPS HARRY A. BREWER WILLIAM A. VAWTER, • Life Trustee. 4 EADEN DAVIS HAROLD A. BOSLEY II �FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGH URST, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Dean and Professor of Law Jo1-1N E. CooNs, B.A., J.D., Assistant Dean ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Law, Emeritus WILLIAM LUCIUS CARY, A.B., LL.B., M.B.A., Professor of Law FRED EDWARD INBAU , B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law PHILIP J. MURPHY, A.B. , LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law , Raymond Foundation "NATHANIEL Lours NATHANSON, B.A ., LL.B., S.J.D., Professor of Law WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law ALAN NORMAN POLASKY, B.S., J .D., Assistant Professor of Law JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S., J.D., Professor of Law HARRY BROWNE REESE, B.A ., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law WILLIAM RonERT RoALFE, LL.IL Professor of Law and Librarian DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law WILLIAM MAVOR TRUMBULL, M .A. , J .D., Associate Professor of Law WILLIAM ,~, lLLARD WIRTZ, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law MELVIN G. DAKIN, B.S., J.D. , Louisiana State University, Visiting Professor of Law, Second Semester 1954-55 'WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal Accounting IRVING BRECHER, A.M., PH.D., LL.B., Lecturer on Corporate Industry HERBERT BROOK, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Insurance Law KENNETH J. BuRNs, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Contracts ROBERT L. FARWELL, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Local Government IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on Trial Technique ROBERT HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Military Law BENJAMIN HARRIS, JR., B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Social Legislation HENRY LEo H1LL, A.B., J.D ., Lecturer on Transportation JosEPH R. JuLIN, B.S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Future Interests ALBERT KEGAN, B.A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer on Patents and Copyrights STEPHEN LovE, LL.B., Professor of Law ROBERT MARKS, B.S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Restitution WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.B., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on Law and Society ROLAND K. SMITH, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Estate Planning ADLAI E. STEVENSON, A.B., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on Law and Society EDWARD CLEAVELAND SWEENEY, A.B., J .D., LL.M., Professor of Law DAN IEL WALKER , B.S., J.D., Lecture1· on Military Law SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON, A.B., J.D. , LL.D. OWEN RALL, A.B., J .D. TEACHING ASSOCIATES • GEORGE B. COLLINS, B.S., LL.B. JAMES L. PERKINS, A.B., J.D. JAMES J. RYAN, A.B., LL.B. JOHN W . MCNULTY , A.B., M.A. , J.D. NICHOLAS S. STEVENSON, B.B.A., J.D. •on leave of absence 1954-55. 5 �ORIGIN AND GROWTH PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK, Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review ROBERT H . GAULT, PH.D., Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M .A., Editor, Police Science Section, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science FRED E. lNBAU, Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law , Criminology and. Police Science EDWARD C. SWEENEY, Editor, Journal of Air Law and Commerce MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager, Legal Publications GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M. Lorns, Executive Secretary JANE BARR, Registrar MARY CRAWFORD, Secretary to the Dean FRAN CES EBERLIN, Receptionist, General Office EFFIE SHOCKLEY, Faculty Secretary MARGARET SLATTERY, Faculty Secretary LELA REISINGER, Faculty Secretary CAROLYN C. FUNAI, Faculty Secreta ry SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Assistant ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., Librarian KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., PH.D., Assistant Librarian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., Head, Book Selection ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M .A., Reference Librarian HERTA S. PRAGER, PH.D., J.D., Head, Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Assistant IDA M . OLSON, Secretary MARIA CH UDZINSKA, Reference Assistant HELGA B. OFFERMANNS, Cataloguing Assistant NOR THvVESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A charter establishing "the North Western University" was granted on January 28, 1851, to nine young Chicagoans-three lawyers, a physician, two businessmen, and three leading Methodist ministers. It was their dream to establish "a university of the highest order of excellence" to meet the educational needs of the rapidly • developing territory of the northwest. They decided to set up their university, not in the raw metropolis of Chicago, but in the virgin wilderness twelve miles to the north. With their meager funds they bought 380 acres of land, now the campus and the central part of the city 6 �LOCATION AND BUILDINGS of Evanston, erected a modest fram e building, and in November, 1855, opened their "university." It consisted of ten young men and two professors. Despite the difficulties caused by the Civil War, recurring financial panics, and the disastrous Chicago fire of 1871 , th e young university survived and grew. Gradually professional schools of medicine, law,.and dentistry were affiliated. Specialized new departments branched out from the original "College of Literature and Science." In 1869 a daring step was taken and women were admitted. One of the momentous events in the University's history occurred in 1926, when the great Chicago Campus was dedica ted . Its magnificent buildings house the School of Law, the Medical and Dental Schools, the graduate division of the School of Commerce, and the Evening Divisions of the University. Today Northwestern is an institution of world-wide influence, with 80,000 living alumni. Its thirteen schools are located on two campuses, with land and buildings valued at $45,000,000. The full-time enrollment of the University is about 8,400 students; of this number approximately 6,700 are enrolled on the Evanston Campus. The faculty consists of approximately 1,190 members. The bound volumes in the libraries of the University total approximately 1,112,000. Through the years it has given educational training to more than a quarter of a million students, made many significant contributions to knowledge through research, and benefited thousands through its clinics. THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION T was founded in 1859 by Thomas Hoyne. In 1873, as the Union College of Law, it came under the joint control of Northwestern University and the old University of Chicago. When the latter institution ceased to exist, the School came under the control of Northwestern University, and in 1891 became Northwestern University School of Law. The School is located on the Chicago Campus in two buildings erected in 1925, overlooking Lake Michigan at Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, within a few minutes' walk of Chicago's Loop district. HE SCHOOL OF LAW BUILDINGS Levy Mayer Hall is the gift of the late Mrs. Levy Mayer in memory of her husband , an eminent member of the Chicago bar. The Elbert H. Gary Library Building and the library which it houses are the gifts of the late Elbert H. Gary, of the Class of 1867. A beautiful cloistered garden, enclosed by an arched wall connecting the wings of the two buildings, is the gift of Mrs. Hortense Mayer Hirsch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Levy Mayer. The main entrance to Levy Mayer Hall is on Chicago Avenue. On the first floor is the entrance lobby, which opens to the south onto the garden arcade; to the east into Lowden Hall, a commodious lounge named for Governor Frank O. Lowden, one of the School's distinguished alumni. To the west, a corridor leads to majestic Lincoln Hall, which has a seating capacity of approximately four hundred persons. On the second floor are the general offices overlooking the garden, professors' offices, and Booth Hall, with a seating capacity of 140, named for Henry Booth, the 7 �PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL first professor and dean of the School from 1859 to 1891. The entrance to the alcoved reading room of Elbert H. Gary Library is also on this floor. From within, the two buildings seem as one. On the third floor are the Faculty Room, professors' offices, Hoyne Hall, named for Thomas Hoyne, the founder of the School, and Hurd Hall, named for Harvey Bostwick Hurd, a professor from 1863 to 1902, both classrooms with seating capacities of 80 to 100 persons. On the fourth floor are study and seminar rooms, each of which accommodates from six to fifteen students. On the ground floor are lockers, storage and supply rooms, mimeographing service, vaults, showers, etc. The halls, classrooms, offices, lounges, study alld reading rooms of the buildings are spacious and artistically finished and appointed. On the walls are numerous paintings and etchings of eminent judges and lawyers from many countries, also many reproductions and photographs of documents, trials, and persons famous in legal history. The surroundings of gardens, parks, and Lake Michigan and the tall buildings of the other schools to the west give the School seclusion in the heart of a great city. PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL The School does not confine its interests to any particular locality or region. Its students are drawn from all parts of the country and indeed from all over the world. Nevertheless, its geographical location presents opportunities and imposes responsibilities which are influential in shaping its program. The Middle Western region includes a wide variety of interests. Here are the instruments of industry and trade in all of their forms, centers of control for extensive business enterprise, institutions that supply credit, protection, communication, transportation, and numerous other services; and here necessarily are agencies of government at all levels. It is possible for the School to draw upon this area for much that is valuable in its educational program. Leaders of the legal profession, of government, and of business are within reach to share with students and faculty their wisdom and experience. Faculty members, working in bar association committees, counseling in government, arbitrating disputes between management and labor and otherwise participating in the affairs of the community, are able to impart to the classroom discussions an increased significance and vitality. The School also recognizes its responsibility in contributing a service to the interests and population of this area and in training young men and women in the processes of law and government to deal with the multitude of problems and conflicts that necessarily arise in a section which concentrates so varied an assortment of activities within a single community. To this end it offers training in the skills and tradition of the lawyer's craft; it provides scholarships and fellowships for those who show high promise and would otherwise be unable to obtain adequate professional training. The periodicals which it publishes foster research by students and faculty and provide a means of making available the results to the bar and to the public. Buildings, library and living quarters furnish a stimulating environment for a wholesome intellectual and professional life. The program as a whole is designed to maintain a close contact with the current realities of the legal world, and at the same time to hold fast to the cultural values essential to a learned profession. 8 �ADMISSION New students are admitted at the beginning of the first semester. Under special circumstances when there is a sufficient demand, provision may be made for the admission of new students in February or June. An applicant for admission must have obtained a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved coJlege, or must have completed three years of acceptable study (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) in an approved coJlege. A complete transcript of the applicant's college record and of any work done in a professional or other school, together with evidence of any degree he may have received, must be filed with his application, or as soon thereafter as it can be obtained. A photograph of the applicant must also be filed with the application. If there have been appreciable intervals during the course or since the com pletion of his college work, the applicant must indicate his activities during such intervals, and if he has been employed, must give the names and addresses of his employers and submit statements from them showing the type and quality of service applicant has rendered and the reasons for the termination of such service. Servicemen will be supplied forms for indicating their military service records. All applicants for admission are required to take the Law School Admission Test, administered by the Educational Testing Service.• The test may be taken whether or not application for admission has been previously filed. The test scores will be used to supplement coJlege records, recommendations, interviews, and other factors bearing upon admission to law school. An application must be accompanied by the application fee of $5 which will not be returned. If the applicant attends, the $5 fee will be applied as a payment on other fees. Applicants accepted for admission are required to make a deposit of $25 within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit will not be refunded, but will be applied as part payment of tuition. If the applicant resides in or near Chicago, he may be requested to come to the School for a conference. In the discretion of the Dean, applicants not exceeding ten in number for any one year who do not meet the minimum requirements for admission but who possess the general educational qualifications for admission to the Illinois bar may be admitted as special students not candidates for a degree. The admission of students from other law schools as candidates for a degree and the granting of advanced standing for credits obtained in any such school rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. Students of other schools may be admitted for a single term or for certain courses on a certificate of good standing. No applicant will be admitted who has been denied readmission to another law school. Auditors who are not candidates for a degree may be admitted to certain courses in such numbers as will not interfere with the work of the students registered for such courses. The School reserves the right to deny admission to any applicant for any reason which it considers adequate. Forms for making application will be supplied on request. •The School of Law, together with a number of other law schools, is cooperating in the administration of this test. It is given in many colleges and universities throughout the country, so that a minimum of travel is required. No special preparation is necessary. For detailed information and application blanks, write to the Educational Testing Service, P. 0. Box 592, Princeton, New Jersey. 9 �PRELEGAL STUDY Among the many values to be derived from college study, maturity is of peculiar importance to the study of Jaw. Such maturity comes from rigorous intellectual discipline deri ved from the mastery of any study undertaken by a student, rather than from the mere content of the subject matter. Although students may enter the School of Law with three years of college preparation, it is the opinion of the Faculty that, except under special circumstances, only relatively mature students should enter before securing an academic degree. The preparation for the study of law is an individual problem. Ordinarily a student would do well to follow a Bachelor of Arts or Science program with emphasis on English, history, economics, and political science. In addition, time should be found for courses in speech, accounting, and statistical method. But students differ widely in their tastes, and college courses vary greatly in the stimulation and discipline afforded the student. The School, therefore, does not prescribe particular courses for admission. In this it follows the policy of the Association of American Law Schools. Students who are preparing to enter the School of Law should consult with their co ll ege prelegal advisers. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student will be recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character and must have complied with the requirements of the degree for which he is a candidate. DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR The degree of Juris Doctor will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semesterhours of credit in the School of Law, during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. \1/here in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship is one of distinction or special distinction , the degree of Juris Doctor may be awarded cum laude or magna cum laude. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS I. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of three years (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) of satisfactory credit from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from a nother law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. II. By a vote of the Faculty upon petition a special studen t ma y become a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws upon the following conditions: IO �DEGREES (a) At the time of ueginning his studies in this School the student must have been at least twenty-three years of age. (b) The student must have completed at least one academic year of work in this School before filing his petition for admission as a candidate for a degree. (c) The student must have attained in the studies pursued in this School an average standing of 74. (d) The student must satisfy the Faculty, apart from formal proof of his general education, that he has had such exceptional education, training, or experience as in its judgment qualifies him to be a candidate for the degree. When so admitted, the candidate shall be entitled to receive the degree of Bachelor of Laws on the same conditions required of other candidates for the degree, except that he must have achieved a minimum grade average of 74. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship is one of distinction or special distinction, the degree of llachelor of Laws may be awarded cum Laude or magna cum laude. DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students '"ho have obtained a first degree in law from this or some other university or college having equal requirements in that regard. In unusual cases this requirement may be waived by vote of the Faculty. A candidate for the degree of Master of Laws will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 15 semester-hours in courses not previously counted toward the first degree in law. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodving its results, of such character as to be suit.able for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review. (c) The passing of an examination covering his general legal attainments. DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science-Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (S.J .D.) -may be conferred upon candidates who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equal requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equal to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor. A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence at this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work , however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its proper committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, as to both subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. The mechanical form of the manuscript sha ll be subject to the approval of the Faculty. 11 �COMBINED DEGREES (c) The completion of such other work , if any, as may be directed by the Dea n in the particular case. (d) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had experience either in practicing or in teaching law, and who have developed some scholarly objective. Candidates are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity of instructing students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. The opportunities afforded by the School and the community for graduate study are in all practical respects unlimited. COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS 1. Th e degree of Bachelor of Arts will be conferred upon students who have secured credit in the College of Liberal Arts of this U niversity for 135 quarterhours , in accordance with its requirements (see th e University Register for p articulars) , upon the further satisfactory completion of 27 semester-hours of the first-year courses in the School of Law, or upon the completion of such equivalent courses in the School of Law as may be approved by the faculties of the School of Law and the College of Liberal Arts. II. A student presenting three years of college credit (90 semester-hours) from another approved college of arts and sciences, may, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law, receive from the Faculty a certificate requesting the faculty of his original college to recognize his work in this School of Law as the equivalent of a fourth year in college and to recommend him for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science in that college or university. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW The degree of Bachelor of Science in Law will be conferred upon . students who are admitted to the School of Law on the basis of three years (90 semester-hours) of college credit, and who are not candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law with a grade average of not less than 68. APPLICATION FOR DEGREE Application for a degree must be made in writing and filed with the Secretary during the period the candidate is registered in the School. The graduation fee must be paid at the same time. An application for a degree will not be accepted after a student's registration has terminated. 12 �EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. They are for the purpose of affording a basis for the determination of the student's relative mastery of the subject upon which he is examined. Although examinations provide the most important source for this purpose, the written work done in connection with a course, the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion, the contacts generally with the professor in charge incident to the development of a course, are all of great value in rating the standing of a student. Examinations in individual or seminar studies may or may not be given, depending upon the character of the subject and the nature of the instruction. No re-examination will be given in any course for the purpose of raising a grade obtained therein on a prior examination unless the student again regularly takes the course, or in the case of individual studies, does further work as may be required. Students who are eligible, but for good reason are unable to take an examination, may with the permission of the Dean take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course. No special examinations are given. GRADES The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above 1·epresents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 55 through 67 , but such grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 55 is received. A student who at the end of any term after his first term in School has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. In studies and courses in which no formal examination is given, only grades of P or F will be recorded, except that work done in seminars in which written papers are required may be given a numerical grade. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. CURRICULUM* 1955-56 TIME By attending in the summer terms a student may complete his entire course in less than twenty-nine months from the date of entrance. This program requires attendance for forty-one weeks in the year. If a student elects not to attend the summer term, he may complete the course in three years. INSTRUCTION The work of the first year is designed to give the student an understanding of the basic legal principles and concepts. In the second and third years, courses dealing with related subject matters are scheduled in the same term where experience indicates that this is of advantage to the student. In the third year the • In the description of courses, the figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represents crcdit•hours. 13 �CURRICULUM student is offered a choice among a number of courses and seminars. Although the School in the work leading to the first degree in law does not attempt to train specialists, it is possible in the third year for a student to devote a part of his time to a specialized field. In the basic courses of the first year case analysis predominates, but there is also opportunity for lectures and library work as well as for exercises in written and oral expression under close supervision of faculty and staff members. In the second and third years, case analysis diminishes while problem study, seminars, research, writing, discussion and lectures increase. It is recognized that problems of law, especia ll y those dealt with in th e more advanced courses, are closely related to problems of business and government. Consequently, in order to provide adequate training for the practice of law, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies and extensive use is made of lecturers drawn not only from the profession but from the business community and government. LIMITATION OF WORK Courses totaling 15 credit-hours in each semester, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions, and no student will be permitted to register for additional courses. A student who is under any serious handicap, such as physical disability, the necessity of earning part of his expenses, or commuting for long distances, should reduce his program. A student may be limited in his registration if in the opinion of the Dean he cannot undertake a full schedule with a prospect of success. FIRST YEAR CONTRACTS FIRST SEMESTER (3) MR. HAVICH UR5T The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process: contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and MaterialJ on the Law of Contracts (2nd ed.). The course is continued in the second semes ter and carries six hours of credit for the year. CRIMINAL LAW (3) MR. INBAU Origins and sources of criminal law; specific crimes-murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson; doctrinal bases of responsibility; defenses; confessions and general police practices respecting arrested persons; causes of crime, remedies, defects in the machinery of law enforcement; procedures. Inbau and Allen, Modern Problems of Criminal Law and Its Administration: Cases and Readings (mimeographed). MR. ROALFE and TEACHING ASSOCIATE~ Exercises in writing and in use of the library. The student is required to pre pare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is placed upon developin!( ;the power of written expression and facility in legal research. Lectures and individual conferences. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH 14 (2) �CURRICULUM (4) PROPERTY I MR. SCHUYLER Introduction to the law of real property. Historical background and basic property concepts; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equita ble interests and the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (2nd ed.). TORTS (3) MR. PEDRICK Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, and inducement of breach of contract; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, The Judicial Process in Tort Cases (2nd ed.) . The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. AGENCY SECOND SEMESTER (2) MR. TRUMBULL Consideration of individual, partnership, corporate and other forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks among employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; duties and liabilities of employer and employee to one another. Steffen, Ca ses on Agency (2nd ed.). CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights . CONTRACTS (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. FUTURE INTERESTS (2) MR. JULIN Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT (1) MR. INBAU Preparation of written briefs and the oral argument of cases. Alumni of the School who are judges or practicing attorneys supply the records, which are usually based upon cases in a prelitigation stage. Each student participates in the preparation of the briefs and in the oral argument, both of which must conform to actual appellate court procedures. All cases are judged by alumni serving as members of a three-judge appellate court. Lectures and readings on appellate court practice. TORTS (3) MR. RAHL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 15 �CURRICULUM SECOND YEAR ACCOUNTING FIRST SEMESTER (I) MR. POLASKY, MR. BRADY Principles of accounting and the analysis of financial statements. Not required of students who are proficient in accounting techniques. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES (4) MR. NATHANSON The distribution of governmental functions; organization of administrative and legislative agencies; problems of administrative and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of judicial review of adm inistrative determinations. CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) MR. REESE Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgments; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; full faith and credit; appellate review. Field and Kaplan, Materials for a Basic Course in Civil Procedure; Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts; Illinois Civil Practice Act; Illinois Supreme Court Rules of Practice and Procedure; and supplementary mimeographed materials. The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. COMMERCIAL LAW (2) MR . TRU~IBUlL Sales and credit transactions: the title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyers and sellers of chattels, cash against documents transactions, bills of lading, warehouse receipts, letters of credit, fraudulent transfers, chattel mortgages, conditional sales, accounts receivable financing, trust receipts; commercial and investment paper: the concept of negotiability, notes, bills of exchange, checks, bonds and similar instruments. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Aigler, Cases on Bills and Notes (2nd ed.); Uniform Commercial Code. The course is continued in the second semester and carries five hours of credit for the year. EVIDENCE (4) MR. l NBAU, MR. POLASKY The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of disposiand objections thereto; the test of relevancy; demonstrative evidence; documentary evidence; evidence unlawfully obtained; the hearsay rule _a nd its exceptions; the burden of proof and presumptions; judicial notice; cases and illustrated lectures on scientific methods of proof. McCormick, Cases on Evidence. FEDERAL TAXATION I (2) MR. CARY, MR. PEDRI CK The impact of the Federal Estate and Gift Taxes on various types of dispositions of property during life and at death; the functions of the administrative and judicial processes in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical current problems in the estate and gift tax field. Cary and Pedrick, Problems, Cases and Materials on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP STUDIES (l)* MR. REESE Supervised observation and critical analysis of the preparation and conduct of pending judicial and administrative proceedings. These studies are carried on in cooperation with judges, administrative officials and practicing attorneys . ~ r students not required to take .A ccounting-. 16 �CURRICULUM CIVIL PROCEDURE SECOND SEMESTER (4) MR. REESE The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. (1) MR. PEDRICK and TEACHING AssOCIAT-ES Supervised brief writing and oral argument on cases raising legal issues of cur• rent interest. The objective is to provide brief writing experience comparable to the writing experience available to those students who write for and edit the legal publications. Individual instruction is given to the end that acceptable brief writing is achieved. Required of all students who do not complete a specified amount of writing for the Law Review. APPELLATE ADVOCACY (4) MR. POLASKY Transfer of interests in land by deed, the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insurance; rights in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; readings in related problems of real estate finance. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (3) MR. TRUMBULL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. COMMERCIAL LAW (3)• MR. SCHUYLER Administration of decedents' estates; power of testation and its formal requirements; revocation, republication, and revival of wills; probate and contest of wills; collection and management; distribution and settlement; origin of trusts; formal elements of the trust structure; creation of trusts both inter vivos and testamentary for the family; qualifications and resignations and renewal of trustees; administration of the fund and principles of trust accounting; rights and liabilities of third persons; terminations of trusts; procedural problems in trust administration; purposes effected by equity through the use of the trust device. Leach, Cases and Text on the Law of Wills; Bogert, Cases on Tmsts. WILLS AND TRUSTS THIRD YEAR . FIRST SEMESTER (5) MR. MACCHESNEY, MR. CARY Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation and merger, together with the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Casebook to be announced; Cary and MacChesney, Problems and Supplem entary Materials on Corporations (mimeographed). CORPORATE RELATIONS LABOR RELATIONS (4) MR. WIRTZ Organization and representation of employees; laws applicable to strikes, picketing, boycotts, etc.; inter-union and intra-union relations; collective bargaining con• tracts; settlement of wage disputes, including general problems of mediation and arbitration. Mathews and others, Labor Relations Cases and Materials. (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to military law designed primarily to provide a background for legal work in the military services but adapted also to the need of civilian MILITARY LAW 17 �CURRICULUM lawyers for some knowledge of this branch of the law; lectures, problems, discussions and films dealing with military jurisdiction, courts-martial procedures, and federal legislation affecting servicemen and their dependents. Hanley, Materials on Military Law (mimeographed) and Manual for Courts-Martial 1951. SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY MR. MACCHESNEY, MR. ,~I IRTZ, MR. CARY, MR. RAHL, MR. BRECHER An exploration of problems of public policy common to corporate, labor, and trade relations. A summary analysis of the economic framework on which the legal rules in the three fields are built. Assigned readings. TRADE RELATIONS (4) MR. RAHL State and federal law and policy relating to commercial and industrial trade activity, with emphasis on the antitrust laws; also consideration of problems underlying the Fair Trade laws, unfair competition, misleading advertising, boy• cotts, price discrimination, exclusive dealing, etc. Oppenheim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl, Readings and Supplementary Cases on Trade Regulation (mimeographed). SEMINAR (2) Comparative Law MR. MACCHESNEY Survey of the comparntive method; survey of the sources of Roman law as the background of modern civil law systems; the functions of the judge in Roman, Medieval, modern French and German legal systems as compared with his role in common law systems; the role of precedent in the civil and common law; the enforcement of tort and contract obligations in French and German law. Dawson, Comparative Law Materials; supplementary readings. MR. POLASKY Estate Planning The application of principles from Wills and T rusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. Government and Land MR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. MR. TRUMBULL Legal History Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influence of social, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common Jaw; the use and effect of legislation in substituting new rules of substantive law and promoting flexibility or stability, discretion or certainty in adjudication; administrative and judicial functions in deciding disputes over private rights and duties; problems arising upon the consolidation of courts previously distinct in their jurisdiction; developments toward and away from uniformity of the law in the United States. i\'1R. KEGAN Patents Patent problems of interest to the g·eneral practitioner. Fundamental concepts concerning patentability, the nature of invention, validity, scope and interpretation of patents, patent infringement, and the enforcement of patents. The commercial18 �CURRICULUM ization of inventions, including assignments and patent royalty contracts, shop rights, confidential relationships, and the rig·hts of employers, emp loyees, a nd independent contractors in inventions. Social Legislation MR. HARRIS Survey of public policy, statutes, decisions, financing and adminislration relating to old age and survivors insurance, unemployment insurance, assistance to the aged, blind, dependent children and .he disabled; workmen 's compensation. Ri esen feld and Maxwell, Modern Social Legislation; and current articles. MR. CARY Tax Problems Primary emphasis is placed upon the income tax as it app lies to corporate and individual business situations. Consideration will be given to tax aspects of operating through partnership and corporation; organizing, amalgamating, selling and liquidating partnerships and companies. Members of the Chicago tax bar provide problems and participate in the seminar. MR. NATHANSON , MR. HILL Transportation A comparative study of the principal legal and policy questions involved in federal regulation of railroads, motor carriers, air carriers and water carriers. Auerbach and Nathanson, Federal Regulation of Transportation. SECOND SEMESTER -CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR. MAcCHESNEY (a) CONFLICT OF LAWS. This part of the course will be devoted primarily to the choice of law problem in selected fields. Analysis of the fundamental problems underlying choice of law will be stressed. Cheatham, Goodrich, Griswold .and Reese, Cases and Materials on Conflict of Laws (3rd ed.); supplementary materials (mimeographed) . . (b) INTERNATIONAL LAW. A general survey of the doctrine and practice of international law; a critical study of the defects of the international legal system; selective study of the United Nations and other means for strengthening the rule of Jaw in world affairs. Bishop, International Law, Cases ancl M aterials . CREDITORS' RIGHTS (2) MR. RAHL A general survey of the individual remedies of the creditor at common law, in equity and under statutory procedures; a comparative study of nonstatutory liquidations and bankruptcy liquidations. Hanna and MacLachlan, Cases and Materials on Creditois' Rights (4th Consol. ed.). FEDERAL JURISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; three-judge district courts; criminal jurisdiction; habeas corpus; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts ancl the Federal System; Th e Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAXATION II (3) MR. CARY, MR. PEDRICK The federal income tax aspects of various phases of business activity, the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements, the role of administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies; inten- 19 �CURRICULUM sive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxa tion . Cary and Pedrick, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed); Surrey and , varren, Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. (1) MR. PEDRICK, MR. CARY An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a companion course for Federal Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importance to those interested in government fiscal policy and its future effect upon tax policy. A study of the relation of taxation to government spending and borrowing policies, forms of taxes and their in cidence, relation of government financing to the operation of the econ omic system as ·a whole, specific proposals for reform of the existing tax structure, trends in federal taxation and possi ble future tax legislation. FEDERAL TAXATION Ill (1) MR. MURPHY Supervised field work at the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities or in the office of an attorney to whom the student is assigned; consultation with clients, interviews with witnesses, drafting and filing of instruments, appearances in court, examination of records, assistance in conduct of tri als and general office work. R equired of all students not members of the Legal Publications Board. Work may be pursued after completion of four terms. LEGAL CLINIC LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION (3) MR. POL.-\SKY, MR. FARWELL Organization, administration and financing of municipal corporations; relationships of state and local governments; the property tax; community planning and development (zoning, building codes, housing programs); regulation of business activity and private conduct; legal responsibility of municipalities. Fordham , Local Government Law; vVirtz, Materials on State and Local Taxation (mimeographed). ( 1) MR. TRUMB ULL and OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY Essential and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession: the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-governing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regard ing the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course of individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings a nd problems. Required of all students. Trumbull, Readings on Professional Responsibility (mimeographed) . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY RESTITUTION (3) MR. MARKS The principles and remedies available, at law and in equity, to accomplish the J:eformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief .appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of .another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. Durfee and Dawson, Cases on Restitution. TRIAL TECHNIQUE ( 1) MR . GOLDSTEIN Methods of proof, preparation of facts, selection of jury, opening statements, direct examination, laying of foundation for and introduction of exhibits, objections to evidence, offers of proof. expert testimony, hypothetical questions, cross ,examination and impeachment of witnesses, arguments to court and jury; exer-cises in examination of witnesses and oral argument. Goldstein, Trial Technique; •Goldstein, Trial Practice Cases. :~o �CURRICULUM SEMINAR (2) (The student will select at least one.) Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems encountered by modern democratic societies in defining the scope of freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of external and internal stress. Consumer Protective Legislation MR. KEGAN Cases and statutes on federal regulation of food , drugs and cosmetics, and related federal and state activities to protect the consumer. Statutory interpretation , public policy, administrative techniques, judicial review. The use of admiralty, ·crim inal , injunctive, legisl ative, standard-setting, rule making, and contract procedures in making, testing, and litigating rules to regulate business in order to protect consumers. A comparative Jaw survey of all the governmental techniques of consumer protection, and the types of defense available under each. Corporate Readjustments and Reorganizations• MR. CARY The problems of Reorganization under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, including the participation of the S.E.C. and federal loan agencies in the solution of business failures, and tax and economic considerations affecting the plan of reorganization; readjustments, recapitalizations and mergers, with emphasis upon corporate-legal, tax, accounting, and federal regulation considerations. Corporation Practice and Finance• MR. CARY Basic problems in law practice where business is being conducted by a corporation: existing partnership agreements and the decision to incorporate; methods of controlling the corporation; the respective roles of officers, directors, and shareholders; the corporate structure; proxy statements; the initial financing of a small business; additional means of financing through security issuance, term loans and leasebacks; the forms of securities; the role of state regulatory agencies, and particularly of the S.E.C. Tax considerations will be introduced wherever significant. (The above material will be developed in conjunction with outside practitioners.) Estate Planning MR. PEDRICK The application of principles from Wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. MR. BROOK Insurance Law Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insu rance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarding the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; superv1S1on of fire and casualty insurance rates; reinsurance; rehabilitation and liquidation of companies. International Organization MR. MACCHESNEY An intensive study of the legal problems of the United Nations and other international organizations. Emphasis will be placed on the role of law and organization in controlling the use of force for the settlement of disputes in international relations. Sohn, Cases on World Law; Sohn, Supplement to Cases on World Law; supplementary materials. •Given in alternate years. 21 • �HONORS Labor Law MR. WIRTZ Collective bargaining; drafting and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. Law and Society MR. WIRTZ A consideration of inter-rela[ed legal , political , economic and social develop ments; an inquiry into the function of law in society, as a basis for judgment regarding the appropriate uses of law and its possible future tendencies; a consideration of the role of words in a world of beliefs and deeds. Scientific Evidence MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. HONORS THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Order of the Coif is a national scholarship organization instituted in 1907. Its purpose is the encouragement of scholarship and the advancement of ethical standards in the legal profession. Each chapter annually elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Legal Publications Board is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. David C. Keegan Myron Lieberman Elected Ju ne 1954 Robert A. Southern Don Milner Sowers TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. Each one devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with written work. The balance of his time is available for research or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the Faculty. The Rosenthal a nd Linthicum Foundations provide a portion of the funds for the Teaching Associ a te program. 22 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship. The income from a gift, whose present capital value is about $54,000, by the late Anna Louise Raymond to establish the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund is available for graduate fellowships. Applications of persons of mature years who have had valuable professional experience before or after receiving their degrees in law and who present maturely considered projects for graduate work, other things being equal, will receive special consideration. The Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Funds are provided annually by the Owen L. Coon Foundation of Chicago to assist students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion D. Hardy of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Several scholarships which may carry stipends in excess of full tuition are available for well qualified students in the School of Law. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to in such amounts as the President of the University Law may determine. of $50,000 was bequeathed to memory of her husband, the students in the School of Law or the Dean of the School of The Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. The Charles Weinfeld Scholarships . A gift of $20,000 from Charles Weinfeld in 1954 established a fund, the income from which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal education. The amount granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the School, is for the purpose of paying tuition or other expenses. The Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. The Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a tuition scholarship, through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. 23 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES Julius ] . Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 191 5, to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. Class of 1938 Scholarship. A scholarship for half tuition, provided by a member of the Class of 1938, is awarded to a student who, in the judgment of the Dean and Faculty Scholarship Committee, wiJJ in his future career at the bar contribute si gnifica ntly to the maintenance of high moral and ethical professional standards . Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annuaIJy to deservin g students in the School of Law. The Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the wiJJ of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resid ent of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5 ,000 in the wiJJ of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. Ch icago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. In 1955 the sum of $5,000 was contributed by the Chicago Title and Trust Compan y Founda tion to be used for scholarships in the School of Law. The Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law. From the income of a bequ est in the wiJJ of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $150 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of T a u Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annuaIJy for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Legal Publications Secretarial Scholarship. A tuition scholarship is available to a first-year Jaw student who is qualified in accounting and secretarial work. The scholarship wiJJ be continuous for the full period of the holder's career in the School of Law, but is subject to termination at any time if the holder's services a re not satisfactory. The holder wiJJ act as an assistant to the Business Manager of Legal Publications. Applicants should state their qualifications fuIJy. University Scholarships. There are available each year a limited number of University scholarships yielding from $200 to full tuition. Monitorships. A number of students, of good scholastic standing, are appointed each term as library monitors. Compensation varies according to the duties performed. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund established by friends of the la te Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outsta nding accomplishments and requiring financial assista nce, who is to be selected by the Dean. The Lowden-Wigm ore Prizes. The income from a fund established by the late !<rank 0 . Lowden , Class of 1887, is used annu aIJy to provide prizes totaling approxima tely $500. In accorda nce with the wishes of. the donor, th e prizes a re awarded 24 �PLACEMENT SERVICE on the basis of a competition designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. Th e H yde Prize. The income on a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not oftener than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. Wigmore Key. Established 1949-1950. Awarded by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law R eview, and the Faculty. Award of the Junior Bar Association. An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award. The cup remains the property of the University, but is placed in the custody of the winner during each year after his name and the date of award have been engraved thereon. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. Homer F. Carey Award. Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms a cup and a copy of Carey and Schuyler on the Illinois Law of Future Interests is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. Application for award of scholarships and monitorships should be addressed to the Dean of the School. LOAN FUNDS The following loan funds, administered by the University, are available to law students. (See the University R egister.) Appli ca tions for loans should be made to the Dean of the School of Law. Methodist Loan Fund General Student Loan Fund Mary H. Bovee Fund Northwestern University Foundation Loan Fund Ella M. Sullender Fund James A. Patten Fund Anna Louise Raymond Loan Fund Frederick A. Brown Memorial Fund, donated by Mrs. Keene W. Berry in memory of her father PLACEMENT SERVICE The School maintains a service to assist its graduates in finding positions. Teaching assignments are arranged so that one of the members of the Faculty is free to spend a substa ntial portion of his time in advising students and gradua tes on problems of placement, in keeping in touch with law firms and government agencies, and in locating other opportunities for legal work, including positions as law clerks to judges and other public officials. The Law Alumni Association, through its Committee on Placement assists in the program by obtaining information from the alumni of the School and other practicing attorneys with respect to a vailable positions. 25 �TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS The cost of education at Northwestern University is only partly covered by tuition charges. The balance is defrayed by the income from endowments of the University, which have been provided by generous individuals. The following information regarding tuition and fees is for the year 1955 -56, hut is subject to change without notice: TUITION Full Tuition (undergraduate and graduate) First semester ....................... . Second semester .... . ....... . ... . . . . . .. . . .. . Summer term ... . . ........ .. . . .. ..... . . ..... ..... . Part-time Tuition (less than 10 class-hours) each credit-hour Auditor's Fee, each credit-hour . .......................... . ... $337.50 337.50 170.00 34.00 34.00 FEES Matriculation Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This fee is payable upon first admission to the University. It is to be paid once, is not transferable, and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $25 is required of all applicants within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit is not refundable, but will be applied as part payment of tuition.) Graduation Fees: Bachelor of Science in Law .... . .. . . ... .. . . . . ....... ...... .... .. ..... . Bachelor of Laws . .............. . ................................... . Juris Doctor . .... . ........ . .. . . . .. ..... . .... ... . . .... . ........... .. . Master of Laws ................. . ........ . ..... .. ... .. .. ............ . Doctor of Juridical Science ............. ... ............... ..... .. .. .. . Student Health Fee: (Required of all full-time students. See Student Health Service section.) First semester ............... . .... .. ...... ...... ....... ... . ......... . Second semester .............. .... ............. . . . .. . ... . Summer term ........................ . .... .. ....... . ...... . . . . .. . Late Registration Fee (for registering at other than the scheduled time) Full-time students .................................................. . Part-time students . .... . ....... ..... .................. ...... .. .... . . . Change of Registration Fee (after the seventh full day of classes in each term unless requested by the School) ...... . .. . ....... . .... ........... . ... . . Late Physical Examination Fee ........ ... . . (See Student Health Service) Duplicate Diploma Fee ............. . .. .. . Duplicate Transcript of Record, each .. ...... . . . . 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 10.50 10.50 5.25 5.00 2.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 FINANCIAL REGULATIONS Bills. The Division of Student Finance, first floor, Abbott Hall, issues and makes all adjustments on student bills. These bills are mailed to the student's address indicated on the billing card filled out by the student at the time of registration. Each bill is due ten days from its date and is paid at the Cashier's Office, first floor, Abbott Hall. Each student is responsible for receiving his bill. In the event 26 �FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS tha t a tultlon bill is not received within three days from the date of registration, the student should make application immediately at the Division of Student Finance. The due dates of bills cannot be extended because students fail to receive their bills. Financial Obligations. No student who is delinquent in the payment of tuition or other fees, or against whom the University holds record of indebtedness, will be given a diploma of graduation, a certificate of scholastic standing, or a transcript -o f record, until such indebtedness has been fully paid. A student who owes tuition or other fees at the close of a term will not be permitted to take his final examinations or to receive credit for that term. Registration in the University is provisional and subject to cancellation by the Director of Student Finance at any time until bills are paid. Withdrawals and Refunds. Official withdrawal blanks are available at the office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advance deposit. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the end of one-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above dates. In all cases the date on which the official withdrawal notice is received at the Student Finance Office, or the date of formal exclusion, is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. Students Entering Military Service. If a student in good standing withdraws from the University after the middle of a quarter or a semester, because he has been called into or volunteers for the armed services of the United States, he will receive full academic credit for the quarter or semester, with grades as of the date of his withdrawal, but no refund of tuition. If he withdraws for this reason before the middle of the semester or quarter, he will receive a refund of all tuition and fees he has paid for the period in question, but no academic credit. Rebates to Faculty, Sta[!, and Instructors. Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligible to apply for rebates: (a) full -time faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions. A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for their rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only, and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. Student Deposit Account. The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There is no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. 27 �LIBRARY AND PICTURES General Expenses. The expenses of a student for the academic year, including tuition, books, board and room, and incidentals, approximate $1,800. THE ELBERT H . GARY LIBRARY The Elbert H. Gary Library of some 166,000 volumes represents chiefly the gifts of the late Elbert H. Gary, LL.B., 1867, LL.D ., 1922. It ranks among the six largest law school libraries in the United States and includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia, together with their statutes and session laws, and all subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection of Anglo-American law. This collection is supplemented by a selection of publications in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social sciences. The Library receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. In addition, there is a very representative collection of volumes on comparative law, which includes the codes, decisions, and journals of all modern European countries, adequate resources for research in Roman and mediaeval law, and a good working collection of volumes on Japanese and Chinese law. The Theodore S. Chapman and Robert 0. Farrell collections of Mexican law supplement a useful group of some five thousand volumes on Latin-American law. A large collection of treatises and periodicals on international law is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole permits useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. The Library maintains a comprehensive collection of volumes and documents on the criminal law and its administration and a special collection of materials on aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In connection with the University Centennial Celebration, the Northwestern Law Alumni Association recently raised a fund of more than $150,000 for the purchase of books for the Library. This is called the John Henry Wigmore Library Fund, in honor of the memory of the Dean of the School of Law from 1901 to 1929, whose great learning and scholarly interest contributed in such a vital way to the building of the collection. The Library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. PICTURES The School's collection of pictures, now numbering some 2,500 pieces, copiously illustrates the history, personnel, and customs of the legal profession, not only in Great Britain and the United States, but all over the world. It represents acquisitions accumulated during the past thirty years, partly by purchase, partly by gifts from alumni and other friends . Personal search has been made in nearly every country of Europe for portraits and scenes to illustrate other systems of law; many of these are unique and irreplaceable. The collection includes some forty oil paintings, and about 1,500 etchings and engravings. A special series is a set of twenty large platinum photographs of portraits of eminent British judges in the National Gallery of Portraits, colored by a London artist to show the costumes. The larger portraits are framed for display on the walls of the lecture rooms, library reading room and corridors. 28 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION The J ames Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation was established in 1926 by the late Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond through a gift of $200,000. The income from this. fund, which was originally subject to certain annuities, provides a legal clinic for the poor. It was organized under the superintendence of a joint committee of th e School of Law, United Chari ties, a nd the Chicago Bar Associa tion . The work of the clinic is under the direction of attorneys of the School of Law a nd the staff of th e Legal Aid Bu reau of the United Charities. The work of the School and tha t of the Legal Aid Bureau are highly co-ordinated. Indigent claima nts a nd defendants in every type of case are represented. The student comes in intimate contact with the routine and problems of office practice and litigation generally. The claims successfully p rosecuted aggrega te thousands of doll ars annually, and the legitimate defenses afforded indigent persons are equally valuable. The Foundation and clinics were the first to be set up on behalf of a law school. For de tails of the clinic work required, see the Curriculum. In connection with the work of the legal clinics, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond established the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship, by gifts totaling $40,000, the income from the Fund to be awarded annu ally for graduate fellowships. See Fellowships, Scholarships, Prizes. THE JULIUS ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION The Julius Rosenthal Foundation was established in 1919 in memory of Julius Rosenthal by his son, the late Lessing Rosenthal, his daughter, Mrs. George Pick, and Charles H . Hamill, Max Hart, Harry Hart, Mark Cresap, Frank M. Peters, Leo F. Wormser, F. Howard Eldridge, Willard L. King, Magnus Myres, Mrs. Joseph · Shaffner, and Mrs. Otto L. Schmidt, all of Chicago, and the Honorable Julian W . Mack, of New York. Additional provision for the Foundation is made under the terms of the will of the late Lessing Rosenthal. Julius Rosenthal (1828-1905) was an eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar and Librarian of the Chicago Law Institute for nearly forty years. He was the most learned lawyer of his time in Chicago, did more than any other man to establish the best standards of legal scholarship in this region, and by numerous gifts of books indicated his interest in the welfare of this School. The present capital fund of the Foundation is about $80,000, the income from which is applicable generally for the cultivation of legal literature, and specifically by means of the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, and books of a scientific or practical nature concerning the law, which otherwise might not readily find a publisher; by the aid or encouragement of research in the field of legal literature, a nd of the preparation for publication in whole or in part of the results of such research; by the delivery and publication of lectures on subjects concerning the law. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. 29 �FOUND ATIO NS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1931, Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States. History," and numerous other historical works. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Massachusetts. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intima,tely associated with the establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Mr. Adlai E. Stevenson. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject, "On Understanding the Supreme Court." In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment." In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations." In l 9.'i2, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government." In I 952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A . Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The Twentieth Century Capitalist Revolution." In 1955, Jam es Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin , delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century." THE CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Charles Clarence Linthicum (1857-1916), LL.B., 1882, professor of this School. 1902-1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The capital fund of $37,000 was provided by Mrs. Charles C. Linthicum, Harvey S. Firestone, his long-time client, and Otto R. Barnett and Melvin M. Hawley, his associates at the Chicago bar. The income from this fund is applicable to the general purpose of cultivating research, study, and instruction in the fields of the law of patents, trademarks, copyright, or other topics of the law involving the development of trade, industry, and commerce; and specifically by means of the delivery of lectures or other form of instruction; the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, or books; the aid of research or preparation for publication; the award of prizes to meritorious essays, monographs, or books already written or published. 30 �FOUND ATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS Prizes have been awarded to the following: In 1927, Stephen Davis, of New York. Subject: "The Law of Radio Communication." In 1929, first prize, Charles John Hamson, of London; second prize, L. B. Davies, of Melbourne, Australia, and Francois Poignon, of Montbard, France. Subject: "Scientific Property." In 1930, Richard Spencer, of Chicago. Subject: "A Complete Program for the Improvement of the United States Patent Law System." In 1931, first prize, Leslie Bartell Davies and Arthur Dean, of Melbourne, Australia; second prizes, Stephen P. Ladas, of New York, Marcel Plai,sant, of Paris, and J. M. Bliss, of Surrey, England. Subject: "A Comprehensive Critique of the International Chamber of Commerce Committee's 1930 Draft Convention for the International Protection of Industrial Property." In 1935, first prize, Jan Vojacek, of Prague, Czechoslovakia; special honorable mention to Karl B. Lutz, of New York; honorable mention to George von Gehr, of Chicago, Mario Chiron, of Rome, Italy, and Edwin M. Thomas, of Washington D.C. Subject: "A Survey of the Principal National Patent Systems (from the Historical and Comparative Points of View)." In 1937, first prize, Jean Van Houtte, of Brussels, Belgium; first honorable mention to D. Goedhius, of The Hague, Netherlands; honorable mention to Joseph Kroell, of Strasbourg, France, David Grant and Arnold W . Knouth, of New York, and Hans Adolf Wulf, of Hamburg, Germany. Subject: "Carrier Liability in National and International Commerce." In 1941, first prize, Laurence I. Wood, of Chicago; second prize, W. Houston Kenyon, Jr., of New York. Subject: "The Relation Between Patent Practices and the Anti-Monopoly Laws: The Situation in the Past, Present Trends, and Future Possibilities." In 1943, first prize, Louis Robertson, of Chicago. Subject: "Trademark and Trade-Name Laws in the Americas: The Problem of Their Practical Reconciliation." In 1948 a Round Table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act." Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. McConnell and Leo F. Tierney, of the Chicago bar; James A. Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Trade Regulation. In 1949, a Round Table was held on the subject, "'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Business Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W. Willard Wirtz, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Labor Law. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of the Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of the series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In 1951-52 a Conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." In 1952-53 a forum was held on the subject, "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 1954, a Conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." In 1955 , a Conference will be held on "The Proposals of the Attorney General's Committee for the Revision of the Antitrust Laws." 31 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS FRANK H. THATCHER MEMORIAL FUND Mrs. Frank H. Thatcher of Winona, Minnesota, in 1948 made a gift of $100,000 to the University to establish a fund as a memorial to her husband who died in 1921. The income from this fund is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time determine. HENRY SARGENT TOWLE MEMORIAL FUND In 1935 Northwestern University received a share in the remainder of a trust established by the late Helen H. Towle of Oak Park. The fund, whose principal sum now amounts to about $36,000, was established in memory of the trustor's father, Henry Sa1·gent Towle, and is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW The Northwestern University Law Review, formerly the Illinois Law Review, was founded by the Faculty of this School in 1906. It was edited jointly from 1924 to 1932 by the Faculty, alumni, and students of this School and the law schools of the University of Chicago and University of Illinois. In 1932 it was reorganized under a Board of Managers consisting wholly of Northwestern alumni, students, and Faculty, and since that time has been edited by students of the School of Law. It is published bi-monthly throughout the year. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science began publication in 1910. It is edited by Robert H. Gault, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology of Northwestern University, and a board of other widely reputed scientists and scholars interested in the field of its activity. It contains a section on Police Science, edited by Mr. Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. The Journal is published bi-monthly and is under the general supervision and control of the Faculty of the School of Law. Professor Fred E. Inbau, of the Law Faculty, is Managing Director of the Journal. THE JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE The Journal of Air Law and Commerce, edited by the Northwestern University Schools of Law and Commerce, began with the January number, 1930, and is published quarterly. Publication of this journal, which was suspended during the war, was resumed in January, 1947. Members of its editorial staff are Edward C. Sweeney, Professor of Law, Editor; Stanley Berge, Associate Professor of Transportation, School of Commerce, Associate Editor. THE LEGAL PUBLICATIONS BOARD The Legal Publications Board is the Student Editorial Department of the several publications fostered by the Law School. The notes and comments published in the journals are for the most part written by students. Selection of the student members of the Board is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the Board is the highest honor a student can attain in the School of Law, and of itself constitutes a preferred rating for the purpose of obtaining employment after graduation. The Board which took office in June, 1954, included the following members: Keith F. Bode liditor-in-Chief 32 �JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION ,villiam L. Lurie Associate Editors Arthur L. Ebert Jerome Marks Florence R. Grah am Articles and Rev iews Edito r Harry R. Halper Managing Editor John W. McNulty Comment Editors John L. Flynn Harriet M. Hawkes Charles R. LeMaster J. Robert Notz, Jr. Donald Powers Ned A. Smith Nicholas Stavrianos Donald M. Abrahams Herbert L. Awe Perry M. Berke Donald H. Erkes Gilbert Feldman Marshall G. Fields The Board which took office in J anuary, 1955, included the following members: Keith F. Bode Editor-in-Chief Arthur L. Ebert William L. Lurie A ssociate Editors Harry R. Halper Ma11aging Editor Jerome Marks Florence R. Graham A rticles aucl Reviews Editor Donald M . Abrahams Comment Editors John L. Flynn Herbert L. A we Edgar D. Ballard, Jr. Perry M. Berke John .J. Crown Donald H. Erkes Gi lbert Feldman Harriet M. Hawkes J. Robert Notz, Jr. Donald Powers Ned A . Smith J ames A. Rahl A dv iser to the Editorial Board M. D. Christiansen Business Manager BOARD OF MANAGERS Willa1·d H. Pedrick, Chairman Nathaniel L. Nathanson Robert A. Southern Francis A. Allen William M. Trumbull Douglass Fillinger Harold J. Clark Elliott E . Foster C. Ives Waldo, Jr. James A. Rahl Harold C. Havighurst Harold A. Smith W . Willard Wirtz And the Officers of the Student Board JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION The Junior Bar Association is the students' professional organization , operating under charter granted by the Faculty of the School. All students are members of the Association, and through it work out the problems of student government and school activities. Through its power to call general assemblies of the students and require their attendance, the Association provides a ready forum for the discussion and consideration of all the affairs of the School in which studen ts are interested, as well as for public and professional matters outside the School. 33 �STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Junior Bar Association also publishes semi-annually Th e Reporter, a magazine for distri bution to students and alumni. An orientation program for entering students is held by the Junior Bar Association at the beginning of the fall semester. On the day before classes begin, welcoming talks are given by the Dean and the President of the Junior Bar Association. Instructors for the first-year classes and representatives uf the various organizations and activities of the School also speak to the entering students. New residents in Abbott Hall are invited to an informal meeting with the law students presently residing there, and regulations regarding the law floors are explained. The officers for 1954-55 were: Secretary: A. Ware Adams President: John K. Notz, Jr. Vice-President: Thomas McNamara Treasurer: John L. Moore Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Delta Theta Phi FRATERNITIES Tau Epsilon Rho Nu Beta Epsilon Kappa Beta Pi (Sorority) STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service, provided by the University through the Medical School for law students, is the same as that provided for students of the Medical and Dental Schools. Students wishing a consultation for illness may see the Student Health physicians in Room 202 of the Medical School (Montgomery Ward Building) from 8:30 to 10:00 A.M. and 3:00 to 4:30 P.M. daily, and from 11:00 A.M. to 12:00 NOON on Saturday. In an emergency a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 202, any time between 8:30 A .M. and 4:30 P.M. Acute illness occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at Passavant Memorial Hospital. Validity of registration is contingent upon completion and return of the initial medical forms as described in the Health Service letter, and a health conference at the Student Health Service. Students who register late, or who have failed to comply with these requirements, will be charged a fee of two dollars. In order to use the facilities of the Health Service, students must be registered at the University for at least the minimum number of hours required for eligibility. See the Stu.dent Health Service Information Bulletin for more complete information. ABBOTT HALL All law students except married students and those whose homes are within rasy commuting distance of the School are expected to li've in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal training. The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general waiting rooms and offices and a series of shops. On the second 34 �ABBOTT HALI. floor is a large student lounge; also a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling and ping-pong, in addition to a well-equipped exercise room, are available in the basement. Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is. a floor for women where rooms are available for women law students. Doub le study-bedrooms, some of them with private baths, are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring· mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, rugs, draperies, bookcases, and floor lamps. Each room h as a double closet. (Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linen5, blankets, and towels are included in the furnishings, and daily maid service is given . The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the following floor plan: 18 17 The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is offered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2.00 to $3.00. The average room rate for the academic year is $290.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October I, January I, and April I, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with $25 .00 room deposit , should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago I I. UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE The University Bookstore is owned and operated by the University for the convenience of the students in all schools on the Chicago Campus. It is located on the first floor in Abbott Hall. The student may obtain all necessary textbooks and supplies there. He will also find that the various departments have articles which are carefully selected to meet the student's every need. VETERANS' EDUCATION The University maintains a Veterans' Education Office in Abbott Hall, for the assistance of students who attend school under any of the Servicemen's Readjustment Acts. All business with the Veterans' Administration is handled through that office. 35 �MIMEOGRAPH SERVICE In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the beginning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. The mimeograph service is under the management of Mr. Shyam Majhi. EMPLOYMENT The University Placement Bureau is available to students who wish to obtain part-time employment. Applications should be made to University Placement Bureau , Wieboldt Hall , 337 East Chicago Avenue , Chicago 11, Illinois. PERSONAL LOSSES The University is not responsible to anyone for the Joss of personal propeny in any building owned by the University, whether the loss occurs by theft, fire, or other cause. LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, 1954-55 President: Don H. McLucas, '35 First Vice-President: Douglass Fillinger, '31 Second Vice-President: Harold A. Smith, '21 Third Vice-President: Judge Julius J. Hoffman, '15 Treasurer: Roger W. Barrett, '40 Secretary: Edgar Vanneman, Jr., '47 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Stuart S. Ball, '27 James E. S. Baker, '36 Bertram J. Cahn, '99 Harold J. Clark, '15 James '"'· Clement, '41 Stanford Clinton, '31 Edwin R. Eckersall, '33 Abraham Fishman, '32 Newton P. Frye, Jr. , '46 Lowell Hastings, '28 36 Barnet Hodes, '21 Walker Jensen , '42 Louis Melchior, '47 William R. Rivkin , '48 Elroy C. Sandquist, Jr., '50 Len Young Smith, '27 John P. Stevens, '47 C. Ives Waldo, Jr., '36 George B. Young, '48 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS, 1954-55 Lima, Ohio ABRAHAMS, DONALD M. B.S., University of Pennsylvania ABRAHAMSON, ROBERT Hammond, Ind. L. Northwestern Uni,,ersity B.A., Yale University B.A ., Roosevelt College A.B., Dartmouth College Chicago APPEL, MARTIN S. Chicago A .B., Brown Univers ity A.B., University of Michigan B .B.A., Northwestern University s. A.B., Sta n ford University B.S. , Northwestern University Skokie ATK INS, ROBERT s. Chicago B.B.A., Nortlnvestern University Flossmoor B.A., Denison University Chicago AVGERIN, NICHOLAS C. B.S., Northwestern Uni,·ersity L. River Grove B.S., Northwest Missouri State Teachers College Winnetka BA IER, JAY ANTHONY B.A., University of Notre Dame Highland Park B.A., Swarthmore College BALLARD, EDGAR D., JR . Riverside BALMES, VERNON R . Evanston B.S., I ndiana U ni versity B.S., Northwestern Unh·ersity BARRETT, PETER B.S., University of Pennsylvania BARTLER, JoI·IN C. B.S., Northwestern Uni\'ersity B.S., Northwestern Uni,·ersity Chica.go Chicago Berwyn Chicago B.A ., University of Oklahoma; LL.B., University of Oklahoma School of Law BOROVSKY, HERBERT L. A.B., Dartmouth College Chica.go BRAZ ITIS, GEORGE E. Chicago BROWN, MALCOLM P. Chica.go Roosnelt College, Southern Illinois UniYersity Northwestern University J. Chicago A. Chicago Bun.ER, PATRICK D . Chica.go CAPLAN, FRED M. Chica.go BULLARO, SAMUEL B.S., Northwestern University BURNS, MICHAEL ll.S., Northwestern University B.A., University of Notre Dame B.S., University of Illinois CARR, CLAUDE E., JR. Northwestern University Maywood Rockford Evanston A.B., Albion College BOND, ABNER B .S., University of \Visconsin AUSTIN, RICHARD W. A.B., Augustana College BOLLMAN, ROBERT M. K. Chica.go Blue Island BOLING, ROBERT C. ARTHUR, JAMES Northwestern U n iversity K. B.S., Northwestern University BonE, KEITH F. ANGLE, JOHN EDWIN BERKE, PERRY MORTON Chicago Northwestern University BLUMENTHAL, STANLEY Sylvania, Ohio ANDERSON, PHILIP M. BAU , LAWRENCE L. BLAHA, MARTIN BLUM, MELVIN A. Chicago ADAMS, RONALD J. BAILEY, ROBERT M. Chica.go B.A., Lake Forest College BLANCHARD, WILLIAM Denver, Col . ADAMS, ARTHUR WARE AWE, HERBERT BESSER, DANIEL F. VVebster Groves, Mo. CASSIDY, TH0~1AS V. Uni,·ersity of Notre Dame Chica.go CERNE, WENCE F ., JR. Chicago CHANEN, FRANKLIN A. B.B.A., Emory University Peoria Chica.go Burlington, Iowa B.S., ~orthwestern University 37 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS C I-IAVFRIAT, Joi-I N ,~r . B.S., Northwestern U ni\'ers ity Ch icago Oceanside, Cal. CHERNAK, JOH N A. A.B., Brown U ni versity l M. DOUB, RI C H AR D B.S., U ni ve rsi ty of Illinois H. DRU RY , SIDNEY CrTRIN, PHILLIP M. Chicago D UNNE, ARTHUR CLARK, CHARLES E. Evanston U.S., Northwestern U niversity B.S. , Northwestern U niversity B.S., Northwestern Un iversity CoDO, NORMAN FREDRIC B.S. , Northwestern U n iversity Joliet Chicago COHEN, DONALD W. U ni vers ity of Illinois, U ni versity of Chicago, Roosevelt College Park Forest COLI.INS, GEORGE B. B.S., Arkansas Agricultural and Mechanical College; LL.B. , Unive rsity of Arkansas School of Law COLLINS, JOT-I N A. Ch icago CONDON, JA MES G. Chicago B.A. , Northwestern Un iversity B.S.C., Loyola U niversity COPENHAVER, , v1LLIAM Northwestern lllinois H. Univers ity, Evanston University COTTLE, WILLIAM R. B.S., Northwestern University CRAMPTON, GEORGE of Glencoe Moline , ,V. A.B., Cornell University L. EllERT, ARTHUR L., EDWARDS, RAYMOND ,,v. E rCHMEI ER, ROGER ,v. Waukegan EIFERT , HELM UT North wes tern Uni ,·ers ity, Lake Forest Col• lege, U nivers ity of Illino is, Real Gym nasiale Aufbau Schule ELLIS, BERNA RD M. J. A .B. , Carleton College Highland Park DrvER , J o~rN R. Waukegan B.S., 1\1fassachusells Jnstitute of Technology Dix, KATHRYN S. B.A., Wellesley College DOOLEY, JAM ES P., JR. B.S., Loyola University 38 Chicago Creston, I owa Chicago Northwestern University ENG LA ND, EDWARD H ., JR. Decatw- ERKES, DO NA LD H. B.S., Northwestern U ni versity Chicago A.B. , Princeton Univers ity ERNST, PETER ,VALTER B .S., Northern College Illinois State El111hurst Teachers Chicago fACKTOR , J ERROLD M. B .S., Northwestern Un i,·ersi ty FALKENBERG , C HARLES DEMICHELIS, ROBERT F.-eejJort B.A ., DePauw U niversi ty Evanston B.A. , University of Virginia; University of Virginia Law School Chicago B.B.A ., University of Michigan CROWN , JOHN J. Fox River Grove Milwaui< ee, Wis. JR. B .S., Northwestern U ni versity FALASZ, JOH N M ., JR. DAWES, RUFUS C. Winnetka B.A. , U n iversity of Michigan Riverside A.B., Stanford U niversity; Stanford University Law School Chicago B.A. , Roosevelt College CRANE, GE RALD F. B.S.B.A., U ni vers ity of Florida Chicago DRUCKMAN, JRA JA Y Chicago CHR!SS IS, BY RO N Evanston B.S., Northwes tern U niversity B.S. , Loyola University Western S/Jrings v., J R. B.A., University of Notre Dame Chicago Chicago FELDMAN, GILBERT B.S., Northwestern Un iversity Ch icago FELTMA N, JEROME MARTIN B.S., No rthwestern U ni versity FERGUSON, OLIVER D . Evanston F IELDS, MARSHALL G. Ch icago FINN, DONALD P. Chicago A.B., Harvard College; Un h·ersity of Virginia School of Law Northwestern U ni versi ty; New York UniYersity School of Law A.B., University of No tre Dame �REGISTER OF STUDENTS FLYNN, .Jo i-IN L. B .S., North wes Lern UniversiLy FOUFAS, PLATO CHRIS. B .S., Nonhwcs lern U ni,·crsily Northwestern University FRAZlN, JULIAN G LASGOW, JO I-I N DAVID, Evanston GooD, LAURENCE Evanston A. FRANK, BERNARD Evanston .J. Chicago U ni versity of Illinois, Roosevelt College FREEMAN , BARRY _J . Chicago Un ivers ity of Michigan Wilmette FREY , RICHARD K. B.A., Dartmouth College Haifa, Israel FRIIJMAI\ , ISRA EL A. U ni vers ity of London; Diploma, Jerusalem Law School FRIEDMAN, RI C HARD E. A.B., Grinnell College l • RISIW , OWEN V. Northwestern Un iversity New York, N.Y. GOODMAN , BARRY F. B.S., U ni versi ty of \Visconsin GORDON, SHELDON M . Chicago GORR , CARL H. Chicago Ph.B., University of Chicago Northwestern U ni,·ersity. Ripon College GOULD, ARTHUR I. Ch icago GREEN, SHELDON Chicago G RE ENBAUM, NE1L Chicago GREENFIELD , MICHAEL C. Chicago n.s., Northwestern Uni\'ersity B.A., Uni,·ersity o[ '.\laryland Un iversi ty of Nebraska, Roosevelt College, University of Nebraska College of Law Northwestern UniYcrsity Lincoln, Neb. Universi ty of Southern California, James Millikin U ni versity, Un iversity of Nebraska College of Law Highland Park G ILBERT, ALICE LEE Wellesley College University of Illinois GRnLrn , vv1u.1A~1 E. B.S., Northn·estern Un i,·ersity Sioux Ci ty, Iowa A.B., A.'\1., Columbia University _J. B.A., De Paul University G ILLI ES, DONALD A. B.A., Denison University Chicago Evanston B.A ., University of i\finnesota GROSBY, MAURICE Northwestern Illinois G ROSS, .JA y E. Uni ,·ersity, s. Chicago G ROSSMAN, FREDRIC _J. GIMBEL, LO\.VELL Glencoe HABERMAN, MORTO N J. G I NSBURG, SEYMOUR B. Chica.go HAC KBARTH, ALFRED E., Drake Un ivcrsily, Northweslern University B.S., Northwestern Universi ly Grrus, GERALD A . B.S., Un i\'ersity of Arizona Harvey B .S., Northwestern Uni,·ersity HAHNE, H ELEN Jo of P rinceton Chicago Northwestern Uni ,·ersity B.S., Ya le U ni versity Chicago University B.S. , Northwestern Uni, ersity GILSON, J EROME A.B., University of l\1issouri FreeJ1ort Minneapoli5, Minn. GR IMSHAW , THOMAS T. JR. Chicago B .S., University of Illinois GRAHAM, FLOREi\:CE R. Chicago GE ISLER, As1-1ER Westmont Wilmette B.A., Roosevelt Coll ege G ILL, _JOHN E. B.A., Nonh wcstern Uni,·ersity Chicago GARONS, MICHAEL E., Goo n , vVILLIA~I GRABEMANN, KARL " ' · B .A. , University of Hawaii GILL, FRANKLIN Chicago \.Yilson Juni or Coll ege, Northweslern UniYersity Flossrnoor Honolulu, H awaii FUNAI, MASARU Ch icago !JI B.A., Denison University _JR . Chicago Wilmette Chicago S.M. , University of Chicago; Purdue University; B.S., Uni,·ers ity of Illinois 39 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS HALL, ALBERT L., JR. HALPER, HARRY ROBERT Northwestern University HANEY, ALVIS w. HIJRST, ' 'VILLIAM Wilmette HURWICZ, ABRAHAM A. B.A., University of Notre Dame $., JI HARLAN, MARION Milwaukee, Wis. HARRER , R1cHARD G. B.A., North Central College; Universi ty HART l\ElT, GEORGE F., Chicago M. University of Illinois Park Ridge H AYNFR, JOI-IN A. B.A ., Beloit College HECTOR, LOUIS Marquette Winneil:a JR. B.A ., Williams College HAWKF S, HARRIET Chicago Grosse lie, Mich. A.B., Brown University Chicago G. Ph.B., Loyola University Berwyn HEI NDL, WARREN A. B.S. , Northwestern University; LL.B., LL.M. , Chicago-Kent College of Law Canton, Ohio L. H EL LER, MAURICE A.B. , University of Nlichigan; University of Virginia School of Law H E LMAN , ROBERT A. Chicago R. Altoona, Pa. HERMAN , LAWRENCE Cincinnati, Ohio U nive rsity of Illinois HELMS , ,VILL IAM B .S. , Northwestern University A.B., University of Cincinnati; LL.B ., U niversity of Cincinnati College of Law HERMAN , RomN BURNS Sioux Falls, S.D . B.S., Northwestern University Chicago HORNSTEIN , BARRY B. Knox College, Claremont Men's College, Northwestern University Hunrn, DONALD K. East Greenville, Pa. B .S., Northwestern University HUGI-IFS , DANI EL L. B.A., Yale University HURLEY, WILLIAM J . Chicago University of Paris, University of Kiev , Un iversity of Chicago Kealak ekua, Kona Hawaii I SHIDA, LINCOLN J. B.A., University of Hawaii Chicago JA CKE R, RICHARD E. A.B., Harvard College JA CKSON , ROGER N. A.B., Albion College Wyandotte, Mich. JOHN SON, R O DGE R K . Evanston Jor-;r.s , EARL CLIFFORD, JR. Rockford B .S ., Northwestern University B .A., DePauw University J. KAGANJEC , H ENRY Chicago LL.D., S.J.D., Westphalian Land \'ersity of Munster, Germany KALLl\•IAN, Ro.HERT L. B.S. , Northwestern Uni,·ersity Uni- Kenilworth KAPLAN , JEROME Chicago K .-\RO NES, JOHN G. Chicago B.S.C. , De Paul University B.B.A., Northwestern University c. Evanston KA UF:\1 ,\ N, HOWARD R . New Yorh, N.Y . KA UFFM ANN, PHILIP B.S. , Northwestern University B.P .£., Purdue University Chicago K ELLY, RAYMOND B . B.S. , St. Mary's College KLEIN , MAURICE G. Ravenna, Ohio KLOSER , MARTI N F. Chicago KOLBE, \\I ILLIAM F. Scarsdale, N.Y. Northwestern University, Hiram College, VVestcrn Reserve University B.S. , University of Wisconsin B.A., DePauw University S. B .B.A., University of Wisconsin KORENGOLD, HOWARD Wilmett e Chicago A.B., U niversity of Chicago Km'ALD , NOEL Haivey B.N.S., U.S. Merchant Marine Academy; De Paul University, University of Notre Dame ; LL.B., University of Notre Dame Law School 40 T. Grayslake B.S., M.S., University of Illinois L. Chicago Chicago Ohio State U nivers ity, University of Illinois, Roose\'elt College Korn,, DONALD G. B .S., Northweste rn Unh·e rsity Berwyn �REGISTER OF STUDENTS KosTOPOULOS, THOMAS P. B.A., De Paul University KOWITT , ARTHUR J. B.B.A., University of Wisconsin J. K UKLA, ROBERT B.S., Northwestern University K URLAN DER, DONALD J. B.S. , Northwestern University B.S., University of Illinois s. B.S. , Northwestern University w. LANER, RICHARD LIEBERMAN, LYLE D. Chicago LIGMAN, DANIEL Chicago Chicago Chicago Chicago University of Illinois, University of Illinois College of Law LAPPING, NORMAN Chicago E. University of Illinois Melrose Park LARRY, JAMES D . Northwestern University Chicago LAZARUS, FRANKLIN M . University of Chicago, University of Pennsylvania, Wittenberg College, Illinois Institute of Technology LEEB, THEODORE L. B .S., Northwestern University B.A., DePauw University LESLIE, MELVIN Chicago E. Fruita, Col. LEVINE, ALFRED H. B.S., University of Illinois I. LEVY, GERALD Berwyn LINDGREN, WILLIAM D. Chicago LINDRUP, ALICE Chicago B.S., University of Illinois; University of Nebraska College of Law Northwestern University, University Michigan, Loyola University J. LEWIS, KENNETH S. B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University of University of Illinois, Northwestern University LINTZ, STANLEY Chicago M. Northwestern University, De Paul Universit)' LOEFFLER, JAMES J. Chicago B.S. , Loyola University Honolulu, Hawaii LOWE, JUNG YEN B.A., Coe College LUCY, RICHARD H. Chicago L. Chicago B.S., Northwestern University B.S .. Northwestern University Evanston Drake University, Drake University School of Law MAGIDSON, SHERMAN C. North Riverside MAGIDSON, WILLIAM H . Chicago P. Chicago MALONEY, THOMAS H. Chicago Alton MANGLER, ROBERT J. Chicago Chicago MANILOW , FLOYD B. Chicago A.B., University of Chicago B.A., Yale University B.S., Northwestern University Highland Park University of Illinois LIDMAN, JAMES R . LI ' DEN, '"' ALTER C. Chicago Cleveland Heights, Ohio B.A., Kenyon College Crystal Lake MACKOFF, BENJAMIN S . Chicago A.B., University of Chicago LEVINSON, DAVID, JR. w. LINDBERG, GEORGE MACKEY, JERRY D. B.A., Northwestern University LEVINE, HAROLD Chicago V. B.A. , De Paul University; Miami University School of Law LURIE, WILLIAM Chicago LEMASTER, CHARLES R. Chicago University of Illinois B.S., Northwestern University Chicago LAGIOIA; SALVATORE M. LAM ET, J EROME Chicago MAJEWSKI, CHESTER B .S., Northwestern University Chicago B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Loyola University A.B., University of 11linois 41 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago MARINO, CHARLES F. Spring Hill College, Loyola University MARKFIELD , ARNOLD Chicago H. B.S., University of Illinois Chicago MARKS, JEROME Wright Junior College, Northwestern University Chicago MARKS, MERTON E. Northwestern University D. MARKS, STANFORD Chicago University of Illinois Chicago MARRINSON, ALLEN JOHN University of Illinois, Roosevelt College Chicago MASON, ROBERT E., JR. B.S .. Northwestern University Chicago MATZ, EDWARD D ., JR. B.A., Washington and Lee University MAXWELL, RICHARD Evanston L. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago MCDERMID, HAROLD E. B.S., Northwestern University Silvis McGEHEE, LAYNE N. A.B., Augustana College; Drake University College of Law Oak Park McKAY, CURTIS A.B., Grinnell College McNAMARA, THOMAS Oak Park W. Oak Park W. A.B., M.A., Harvard University Chicago MEEK , MARCELLUS University of Illinois; LL.B., De Paul University College of Law MILLER, JEROME T., JR. A.B., University of Chicago MILLER , RALPH W., JR. B .S., Northwestern University Chicago Chicago Chicago I. Queens College, University of Colorado, University of Buffalo MITCHELL, JAMES R . Terre Haute, Ind. B.S., Northwestern University 42 Chicago B .S., Northwestern UniVersity MOOR, ARTHUR A. J.D., Royal Science MOORE, JOHN Hungarian Chicago University of Rochelle L. B.A., Beloit College MORRISON, DONALD T ., JR. Chicago MORR ISON, SIDNEY E. Chicago H. River Forest Northwestern University Northwestern University MORSCI·I, THOMAS University of Notre Dame MULLIGAN, STEPHEN R. Indianapolis, Ind. B.S., Northwestern University J. Plymouth, Ind . NELSON, STEBBINS Chicago NAGY, STEPHEN B.A., DePauw University B.A., Wesleyan University A. Evanston NIEDERMAN, ALLAN N. Highland Park NEYHART , FREDERIC B.S., Northwestern University NORGREN, ROBERT Chicago L. B.A., Beloit College NoTZ, JOHN K., Winnetka JR. B.A., Williams College NOTZ, JOHN ROBERT, JR. B.S., Northwestern University OBERTO, MARGUERITE D. Evanston Spring Valley OGILVIE, GEORGE F. Skokie OLIVER, ROBERT J. Rockford B.S., Northwestern University Roosevelt College, University of Illinois MISHKIN, MELVIN MIX, BRONISLAUS J., JR. B.S., University of Illinois Chicago MINUSKI N, MYRON Chicago University of Ill inois, De Paul University; University of Illinois College of Law B.B.A. , University of Miami University of Notre Dame McNULTY, JOHN MITCHELL, SHELDON B.S., Northwestern University W. Chicago O ' SHEA, DANIEL M. Garden City, N.Y. OLSON, RONALD University of Illinois B.B.A., Loyola University of Los Angeles �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago OSSEY, MARSHALL D. B.S., University of Illinois East Chicago, Ind. OSTROWSKI, LEo A. A.B., University of Michigan Chicago PAPPAS, CONSTANTINE P. B.S., Northwestern University Barrington PARKER, BRIAN P. B.S., Massachusetts nology Institute of T ech- Highwood PASQUESI, THEODORE A. Bradley University, Northwestern University PATTERSON, GERALDS. St. Charles, Minn. B.A., University of Minnesota H. PAULSEN, ROBERT Pleasant Grove, Utah B.A., Brigham Young Uni,·ersity Chicago PAYALON, EUGENE IRVI NG University of Illinois Niaywood PEARCE, PAUL R. B.S., Northwestern University Highland Park PEKOW, EUGENE A.B., Brown University PERKINS, JAMES Elkhart, Ind. L. B.A., Drake University; J.D., D rake University Law School PETERSEN, DONALD Maywood S. A.B., Augustana College Chicago B.S., Roosevelt College PICKREL, JAM ES Northwestern University PODD, GEORGE 0., JR. A.B., Brown University PoGRUND, SHERWIN Chicago Northwestern University POWELL, RICHARD E. B.S., University of Pennsylvania H. B.S., Roosevelt College of Law A .B., Grove City College Chicago College; Chicago-Kent R EYES , MANUEL Chicago RICHARDSON, JAMES E. Chicago w ., JR. Bloomington B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University ROLLEY, ELIAS B.S., Northwestern University Carleton College, Indiana Northwestern University ROSENBLOOM, MELV IN Chicago Bradford, Pa. Gary, Ind. University, Chicago L. University of Maryland, George Washington Uni1·ersity, University of Illinois ROTH , GERALD I. B.A., University Angeles of ROTI-!E i'\BAUM, NORMAN Allentown, Pa. California at Los Chicago L. Uni,·ersity of Michigan, University of Chicago RUBI N, GEORGE A. Mi chigan City, Ind . B.S., Indiana University Flossmoor RUSSELL, EARL ',VESLEY Indiana University, Harvard University School of Business Administration, Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern Uni versity J. Chicago Cincinnati, Ohio A.B., Xavier University; LL.B., University of Cincinnati LaGrange Park B.S., Northwestern University SAGAN, VI/\CENT R. Chicago I. S. POWERS, DO NALD REIFF , DAVID SADLEK, LAWRENCE A., JR . LaGrange Roosevelt College, Uni1·ersity of Illinois POSNER, FRED Moline F. A.B., Grinnell College RYAN , JAMES Kanorado, Kan s. V. RAILSBACK, THOMAS R UTHER, JEROM E J . PETROS, ANDREW J . Chicago H. B.S., Northwestern University ROSENBLOOM, ALVIN D. Davenport, Iowa B .S., North wes tern University PAULSON, FORD R. RABINO\"ICH, BENJAMIN Northwestern Illinois SAHR, ,,vlLLIAM University, Chicago University K. B.S., Northwestern University of Evanston SAUNDERS, RAYMOND E. Chicago SEARS, FRANKLIN R . Chicago B .S., Northwestern University University of Illinois, Wright Junior College, De Paul University; De Paul University College of Law 43 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS SEMBOWER, JOHN F. Evanston A.B., Indiana University; LL.B., Indiana University School of Law SEVIN, NORMAN B.S., University of Illinois SIEGER, DONALD F. Idaho Falls, Idaho Fairbury STEPHENS, RICHARD D. Riverside La Crosse, Wis . Ch icago A.B., University of Illinois I. Highland Park SINSON, JUNIE L . Oak Park SINGER, ALVIN B .A., DePauw University B.A., Beloit College 0. SLONAKER, JOHN Evanston Northwestern University F. SMITH, DOUGLAS Winnetka B.A., Dartmonth College Chicago SMITH, MARTIN A. Northwestern University SMITH, NED A. Plymouth, Ind . J. Chicago B.A., DePauw University SMITH, RAY B.A., University of Notre Dame Chicago SNITOFF, LEE J. University of Illinois, Roosevelt College Chicago SNOW, RICHARD A. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University Springfield Chicago Chicago B.J., University of M issouri; M.A. , Columbia University; J.D., University of Chicago Detroit, Mich. B.A., Ohio · ·wesleyan University vV., JR. B .S., Northwestern University SPROGER, CHARLES E. B.S., Northwestern University 44 L. Toledo, Ohio STEVENSON, EDGAR M. Bloomington B.A., Valparaiso University B.S., Northwestern University Chicagb STOCKTON, PHILIP J. B.A., University of Kansas STOKES, JAMES F. Chicago Loyola University, John Carroll University STOLLER, WILLIAM J. Chicago Northwestern University, University of Miami, Purdue University; University of Illinois College of Law STONE, M. Chicago RONALD Northwestern University STROEMER, RICHARD Wilmette H. B.A., Lake Forest College Chicago SuLJAK, NEDJELJKO D. LL.B. , University of Zagreb; LL.D., University of Rome; M.A., University of Chi cago SUSMAN, ARTHUR T. Elgin B.S., University of Illinois SWANSON, WARREN Chicagc L. SWEENEY, JAMES R. TENNANT, WILLIAM S. Waukegan Chicago Chicago Fair Oaks, Pa. Chicago TROTTI, ISABELLE MARGARET B.S. , Loyola University SPENCE, MARY VIRGINIA SPRINGS, HENRY STEUDE, ·w1LLIAM A.B., Grove City College B.S., Northwestern University B. B.S., Western Illinois State College B.S., University of Notre Dame SPAK, THEODORE SPIVAK, PETER B.B.A ., Clark University B.A., University of Chicago SOCHA, DANIEL C. P. SowLE, CLAUDE R., III Elmwood Park STAVRIANOS, NICHOLAS Ph.B., University of Notre Dame SILVERS, CHARLES W. B.C.S., Drake University Chicago M. Northwestern University SHULMAN, ALVIN D. STANLEY, .FRANK C., JR. L. Chicago TULLIS, ROBERT W . Lake Forest TUCKER, ROBERT B.S., Tennessee State University B.A., Yale University UM, MIN YUNG Taegu City, Korea LL.B., Law Department of Kyushu Imperial University of Japan VAN HOUTEN, HENRY R. B.A. , Hope College Chicago �REGISTER OF STUDENTS VAN LEER, OSCAR J. Highland Park Unive rsity of Amsterdam; '\i\7isconsin School of Law VAN S ICKLE, JAMES University of Canton E. B.A., Lake Forest College WALSH, JOHN F. B.S., Marquette University Chicago Ogdensburg, N.Y. WALTERS, MELVIN B.A., St. Lawrence University North Chicago WASNESKI, EARL J. B.S., Georgetown University WEBER, JosEPH Prospect Heights A. B.A., Drake University; Drake University School of Law WEISE, JOHN T. B.A., DePauw University .WENIG, LEONARD N. B.S., University of Illinois Evanston Chicago Chicago WEXLER, w·ARREN M. B.S., University of Illinois; University of Illinois College of Law ,i\THITCUP, LEONARD S. WHITLOCK, LYNDON J., III B.S., Northwestern University WILKES, JAMES T., Evanston Harvey JR. B.S., University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina School of Law Chicago vVINGERSKY, MELVIN FREDERIC Boston University; LL.B., Boston University School of Law vVINTER , BERNARD R. B.A., Elmhurst College '"'1ss, ROBERT River Grove Chicago E. A.B., University of Illinois Chicago vVOLIN, HARRY B.A., Michigan State College '"'YNKOOP, WALKER E. B.S., Northwestern University YONETSU, KAZUKO Northfield Tokyo, Japan Jissen Women's College; LL.B., Keio University ZACZEK, LESTER C. B.A., University of Notre Dame Chicago Coral Gables, Fla. B.S., Northwestern University 45 �INDEX Abbott Hall, 34 Admission, 9 Alumni Association, 36 Application for degree, 12 Bookstore, 35 Buildings, 7 Calendar, 3 Coif, Order of, 22 Combined degrees, 12 Courses of study, 14 Curriculum, 13 Degrees, 10; combined, 12 Deposit account, student, 27 Employment, 36 Examinations, 13 Faculty, 5 Fees, 26 Fellowships, scholarships, prizes, 23 Financial arrangements, 26; obligations, 27; regulations, 26 Foundations, 29 Founding and location, Law School, 7 Fraternities, 34 Funds, loan, 25; special, 29 Gary, Elbert H., Library, 28 Grades, 13 Health service, 34 Honors, 22 Journal of Air Law and Commerce, 32 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science, 32 Junior Bar Association, 33 Legal clinics, 29 Legal publications, 32; board, 32; staff, 6 Library, Elbert H. Gary, 28; staff, 6 46 Limitation of work, 14 Linthicum, Charles Clarence, Foundation, 30 Loan funds, 25 Location of Law School, 7 Military service, students entering, 27 Mimeograph service, 36 Northwestern University Law Review, 32 Officers and Trustees, University, 4 Origin and growth, University, 6 Personal losses, 36 Pictures, 28 Placement service, 25 Prelegal study, IO Prizes, 23 Program of the School, 8 Publications, 32 Raymond, James Nelson and Anna Louise, Foundation, 29 Rebates, 27 Refunds, withdrawals and, 27 Register of students, 1954-55, 37-45 Rosenthal, Julius, Foundation, 29 Schedules and hours, 3 Scholarships and prizes, 23 Special students, 9 Staff, 6 Student health service, 34 Teaching associates, 5, 22 Thatcher, Frank H., Memorial Fund, 32 Towle, Henry Sargent, Memorial Fund, 32 Trustees, 4 Tuition, fees, and financial arrangements, 26 Veterans' education, 35 Withdrawals and refunds, 27 �J\(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO I cvamto11 [at11p11s 12 111i/,s north I I I I i N._,whtr j .(ihrary (hildrm's ..Mt111oria/ HOJiital 2 fi mi. 6y ".(' i i ju,@; 1 1111 SUPERIOR STREET HURON STREET (tA (j 0 .Cc(jc'N...'"D J WARD MEMORIAL BUILDING 2 WIEBOLDT HALL 3 LEVY J\IAYER HALL AND GARY LAW LIBRARY THORNE HALL S ABBOTT HALL 6 PATTERSON ME,\IOR/Al BLDG. (PASSAVANT HOSPITAL) 7 WESLEY HOSPI.TAL <.Ari Instillllt -----ELEVATED LINES -·-·-·-·-STREETCAR LINES_ - - - - - - - - lfUS NUt-lBER J'f .•••• ••.••. •.•••.•..•.• OTHER. BUS LIN}S . .(aSallt Stati011 <;rand [mtral ~ - Station 7),arhorn s,a;ion Jllinois Cmtra/ Station ¼ Mil, So11th FIELD M usEUM SOLDIER FIELD M ADLER PLANETJIRIU SHEDD /\QUJIRIUM . St.1)1kt's Hospital# M ii, So111h l h MIL£ sour11 !• �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago and Evanston, Illinois GRADUATE SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago: Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields, leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Science in D entistry, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degrees of Master of Business Administration and Master of Science in Hospital Administration is administered by the School of Commerce, for the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS- Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degrees of Juris Doctor (for college graduates) and Bachelor of Laws (for students who have had three years of college) . By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-nine months. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. Also two-year course for women high school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF MUSIC- Evanston: Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF COMMERCE-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Evening studies leading to the Diploma in Commerce, the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Hospital Administration, and Master of Science in Hospital Administration; a daytime course requiring three to five quarters, depending on a student's prior education in business and economics, leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURNALISM-Evanston: Five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism; degree of Bachelor of Science in Journalism obtainable on completion of four-year course. Chicago: Evening studies (open to high school graduates) . SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE- Evanston: Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Engineering. EVENING DIVISIONS-Chicago: Evening studies leading to certificates in education, liberal arts, and commerce; and programs leading to liberal arts degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy, Bachelor of Science in General Education, and Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in education and liberal arts fields. SUMMER SESSION- Evanston and Chicago: Summer courses, for both graduate and undergraduate students, in liberal arts, commerce, education, journalism, law, music, and speech. For information regarding any school of the University, address the Director of Admissions, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois ��NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY • SCHOOL OF LAW • 1955-56 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1955-1956</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LV, no. 17) for the 1955-1956 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1955-1956 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1955 March 28 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE SCHOOL OF LAW MARCH Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Entered Chicago Illinois Act Congress Section Act S ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY J RoscoE MILLER PAYSON S WILD WILLIAM S KERR A C VAN DUSEN JAMES M BROOKS JE!>IS NYHOLM FRANK S ENDICOTT KENNETH F BURGESS PHILIP R CLARKE LESTER J NORRIS RAWLEIGH WARNER STANLEY G HARRIS ROBERT A GARDNER WESLEY M DIXON HAROLD H ANDERSON MRS ROBERT R BAKER RALPH A BARD JAMES M BARKER ALFRED W BAYS CARLETON BLUNT BERTRAM J CAHN GEORGE R CAIN TILDEN L CUMMINGS WALTER J CUMMINGS GEORGE B DRYDEN JOHN M ELLIOTT WILLIAM T FARICY ROLAND D FELTMAN WADE FETZER WADE FETZER JR GAYLORD A FREEMAN JR WILLIS D GALE O LOWELL HASTINGS JAY L HENCH THEODORE V HOUSER RALPH M HUESTON DOWNING B JENKS JAMES R LEAVELL JOHN J LOUIS BENTLEY G MCCLOUD FOSTER G McGAW ARTHUR T McINTOSH AUBREY H MELLINGER JAMES J NANCE JAMES F OATES JR WILLIAM A PATTERSON HOLMAN D PETTIBONE IRWIN REw WALTER DILL SCOTT GILBERT H SCRIBNER JOHN G SEARLE HAROLD A SMITH FRANKLYN B SNYDER LEONARD P SPACEK ELMER T STEVENS JAMES F STILES JR MRS ROBERT C SUHR RAYMOND C WIEBOLDT KENNETH V ZWIENER ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES RAY BOND HAROLD A BOSLEY CHARLES W BRASHARES HARRY A BREWER EADEN DAVIS THOMAS B LUGG C GORDON PHILLIPS WILLIAM A VAWTER II FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST JoHN E CooNs ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR WILLIAM LUCIUS CARY FRED EDWARD INBAU BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY PHILIP J MURPHY "NATHANIEL Lours NATHANSON WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK ALAN NORMAN POLASKY JAMES ANDREW RAHL HARRY BROWNE REESE WILLIAM RonERT RoALFE DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER WILLIAM MAVOR TRUMBULL WILLIAM WILLARD WIRTZ MELVIN G DAKIN Second Semester WILLIAM WEBB BRADY IRVING BRECHER HERBERT BROOK KENNETH J BuRNs ROBERT L FARWELL IRVING GOLDSTEIN ROBERT HANLEY BENJAMIN HARRIS JR HENRY LEo HILL JosEPH R JuLIN ALBERT KEGAN STEPHEN LovE ROBERT MARKS WALTER V SCHAEFER ROLAND K SMITH ADLAI E STEVENSON EDWARD CLEAVELAND SWEENEY DANIEL WALKER SPECIAL LECTURERS VIRGIL PETERSON TEACHING ASSOCIATES GEORGE B COLLINS JAMES J RYAN JOHN W MCNULTY ORIGIN AND GROWTH PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H PEDRICK Review ROBERT H GAULT Science ORDWAY HILTON Law Criminology Police Science FRED E lNBAU EDWARD C SWEENEY MARIE D CHRISTIANSEN GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M Lorns JANE BARR MARY CRAWFORD FRANCES EBERLIN EFFIE SHOCKLEY MARGARET SLATTERY LELA REISINGER CAROLYN C FUNAI SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI ELBERT H GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R RoALFE KURT SCHWERIN DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E TEIGLER HERTA S PRAGER DOROTHY KLOFKORN IDA M OLSON MARIA CHUDZINSKA HELGA B OFFERMANNS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A " North Western University" Chicagoans Methodist " " • They Chicago With LOCATION AND BUILDINGS Evanston " " Despite Civil War Chicago Gradually Specialized "College Literature Science " One University' Chicago Campus Its School Law Medical Dental Schools School Commerce Evening Divisions University Today Northwestern Its University Evanston Campus University Through THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION T HE SCHOOL OF LAW Thomas Hoyne Union College Law Northwestern University University Chicago School Northwestern University Northwestern University School Law School Chicago Campus Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Chicago Avenue ' Chicago' Loop BUILDINGS Levy Hall Mrs Levy Chicago Elbert H Gary Library Building Elbert H Gary Class A Mrs Hortense Hirsch Mr Mrs Levy Levy Hall Chicago Avenue On Lowden Hall Governor Frank O Lowden School' To Lincoln Hall On ' Booth Hall Henry Booth PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School Elbert H Gary Library From On Faculty Room ' Hoyne Hall Thomas Hoyne School Hurd Hall Harvey Bostwick Hurd On On On Lake Michigan School PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School Its Nevertheless Middle Western Here School Leaders Faculty School To ' Buildings ADMISSION New Under An ' coJlege coJlege A ' A Servicemen All Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service • coJlege An Applicants Chicago School Dean Illinois Dean School Students No Auditors School Forms • School Law No Educational Testing Service P Box Princeton New Jersey PRELEGAL STUDY Among Jaw Such Although School Law Faculty Ordinarily Bachelor Arts Science English School Association American Law Schools Students School Law DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law Before Faculty DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR Juris Doctor ' School Law Northwestern University School Law University \ / Faculty ' Juris Doctor DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS Bachelor Laws School Law Northwestern University School Law University II By Faculty Bachelor Laws IO DEGREES School School School Faculty Bachelor Laws Where Faculty ' Laws Laude DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS Master Laws '" Faculty A Master Laws School Northwestern University Law Review DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE Doctor Juridical Science Scientiae Juridicae Doctor S J D Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor A Doctor Juridical Science School ' Faculty Faculty Faculty COMBINED DEGREES Dea Faculty Faculty Candidates They Faculty School COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS Th Bachelor Arts College Liberal Arts University University Register School Law School Law School Law College Liberal Arts II A ' School Law Faculty School Law Bachelor Arts Science DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW Bachelor Science Law School Law Bachelor Arts Science ' School Law APPLICATION FOR DEGREE Application Secretary School An ' EXAMINATIONS Regular They ' Although Examinations No Students Dean No GRADES A · Grades Credit No A School School A P F Grades TIME CURRICULUM* By INSTRUCTION • • CURRICULUM Although School Consequently LIMITATION OF WORK Courses Faculty A A Dean FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS MR HAVICH UR T Havighurst Cases MaterialJ Law Contracts CRIMINAL LAW MR INBAU Origins Inbau Allen Modern Problems Criminal Law Its Administration Cases Readings LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH MR ROALFE TEACHING ASSOCIATE Exercises Emphasis ! Lectures CURRICULUM PROPERTY MR SCHUYLER Introduction Historical Fraser Cases Readings Property TORTS MR PEDRICK Protection Green Judicial Process Tort Cases SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY MR TRUMBULL Consideration Steffen Cases Agency CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR NATHANSON CONTRACTS MR HAVIGHURST FUTURE INTERESTS MR JULIN Future Shelley' Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests MOOT COURT MR INBAU Preparation Alumni School Each All Lectures TORTS MR RAHL CURRICULUM SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ACCOUNTING MR POLASKY MR BRADY Principles Not ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR NATHANSON CIVIL PROCEDURE MR REESE Structure Field Kaplan Materials Basic Course Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Illinois Civil Practice Act Illinois Supreme Court Rules Practice Procedure COMMERCIAL LAW MR TRU IBUlL Sales Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Aigler Cases Bills Notes Uniform Commercial Code EVIDENCE MR NBAU MR POLASKY Federal Estate Gift Taxes McCormick Cases Evidence FEDERAL TAXATION MR CARY MR PEDRICK Federal Estate Gift Taxes Cary Pedrick Problems Cases Materials Federal Estate Gift Taxation INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP STUDIES * MR REESE Supervised These A CURRICULUM SECOND SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE MR REESE APPELLATE ADVOCACY MR PEDRICK TEACHING AssOCIAT ES Supervised • Individual Required Law Review REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS MR POLASKY Transfer ' COMMERCIAL LAW MR TRUMBULL WILLS AND TRUSTS • MR SCHUYLER Administration ' Leach Cases Text Law Wills Bogert Cases Tmsts THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CORPORATE RELATIONS MR MACCHESNEY MR CARY Relations S E C Casebook Cary MacChesney Problems Supplem Materials Corporations LABOR RELATIONS MR WIRTZ Organization • Mathews Labor Relations Cases Materials MILITARY LAW MR HANLEY An CURRICULUM Hanley Materials Military Law Manual Courts Martial SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY MR MACCHESNEY MR IRTZ MR CARY MR RAHL MR BRECHER An A Assigned TRADE RELATIONS MR RAHL State Fair Trade • Oppenheim Cases Federal Antitrust Laws Rahl Readings Supplementary Cases Trade Regulation SEMINAR Comparative Law MR MACCHESNEY Survey Roman Roman Medieval French German French German Dawson Comparative Law Materials Estate Planning MR POLASKY Wills T Future Interests Insurance Gift Estate Taxation Government Land MR REESE Problems FHA Legal History MR TRUMBULL Studies Anglo American Jaw United States Patents \' R KEGAN Patent · Fundamental CURRICULUM · Social Legislation MR HARRIS Survey ' Ri Maxwell Modern Social Legislation Tax Problems MR CARY Primary Consideration Members Chicago Transportation MR NATHANSON MR HILL A Auerbach Nathanson Federal Regulation Transportation SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW MR MAcCHESNEY CONFLICT OF LAWS Analysis Cheatham Goodrich Griswold Reese Cases Materials Conflict Laws INTERNATIONAL LAW A United Nations Jaw Bishop International Law Cases M CREDITORS' RIGHTS MR RAHL A Hanna MacLachlan Cases Materials Creditois' Rights Consol FEDERAL JURISDICTION MR REESE History Supreme Court Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Th Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts FEDERAL TAXATION II MR CARY MR PEDRICK CURRICULUM Cary Pedrick Problems Federal Income Taxation Surrey Federal Income Taxation Cases Materials Student Tax Service FEDERAL TAXATION Ill MR PEDRICK MR CARY An Federal Taxation A · LEGAL CLINIC MR MURPHY Supervised Legal Aid Bureau United Charities R Legal Publications Board Work LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION MR POL \SKY MR FARWELL Organization Fordham Local Government Law vVirtz Materials State Local Taxation PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITY MR TRUMBULL OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY Essential American Discussions Readings Required Trumbull Readings Professional Responsibility RESTITUTION MR MARKS J Durfee Dawson Cases Restitution TRIAL TECHNIQUE MR GOLDSTEIN Methods Goldstein Trial Technique •Goldstein Trial Practice Cases CURRICULUM SEMINAR Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Societies MR NATHANSON A Consumer Protective Legislation MR KEGAN Cases Statutory · A Jaw Corporate Readjustments Reorganizations• MR CARY Reorganization Chapter X Bankruptcy Act S E C Corporation Practice Finance• MR CARY Basic S E C Tax Estate Planning MR PEDRICK Wills Trusts Future Interests Insurance Gift Estate Taxation Insurance Law MR BROOK Formation superv S International Organization MR MACCHESNEY An United Nations Emphasis Sohn Cases World Law Sohn Supplement Cases World Law •Given • HONORS Labor Law MR WIRTZ Collective Law Society MR WIRTZ A [ Scientific Evidence MR INBAU HONORS THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Order Coif Its Each Legal Publications Board School Order Coif David C Keegan Myron Lieberman Elected Robert A Southern Don Milner Sowers TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates School Each Faculty Rosenthal Linthicum Foundations Teaching Associa FELLOWSHIPS SCHOLARSHIPS PRIZES James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Anna Louise Raymond James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund Applications Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law Funds Owen L Coon Foundation Chicago Professor Clarion D Hardy School Speech Owen L Coon " " Requirements Francis S Kosmerl Scholarships A Francis S Kosmerl Several School Law Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund Northwestern University Mrs Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund Mrs Minnie G Newman Jacob Newman Charles Weinfeld Scholarships A Charles Weinfeld Law School Dean School Ware Scholarship Mrs Fannie M Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Sector Battle Frederic R De Young Scholarship Frederic R De Young LL B LL D Supreme Court Illinois Herbert C De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs Herbert V University School Law Illinois FELLOWSHIPS SCHOLARSHIPS PRIZES Julius ] Hoffman Scholarship A Judge Julius J Hoffman Class Class Scholarship A Class Dean Faculty Scholarship Committee wiJJ Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund Anna Louise Raymond annuaIJy School Law Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund wiJJ Wellington Walker Chicago Elmer A Smith Scholarship Fund From wiJJ Elmer A Smith Ch Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law Rufus H Sage Scholarship School Law From wiJJ Mrs Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship Chicago Graduate Chapter T Epsilon Rho annuaIJy Faculty School Law Legal Publications Secretarial Scholarship A Jaw wiJJ ' School Law ' wiJJ Business Manager Legal Publications Applicants fuIJy University Scholarships There University Monitorships A Compensation Mah/ Ogden West Book Fund A Mahlon Ogden West Class School Law Dean Lowden Wigm Prizes !< Lowden Class annuaIJy PLACEMENT SERVICE Th H Prize Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law Wigmore Key Established Awarded Junior Bar Association School Selection Board Governors Junior Bar Association Editorial Board Law R Faculty Award Junior Bar Association An University After Levy Hall Homer F Carey Award Booth Inn 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WILLIAM H COTTLE WILLIAM R CRAMPTON GEORGE CRANE GERALD F CROWN JOHN J DAWES RUFUS C DEMICHELIS ROBERT J DIVER JOHN R Dix KATHRYN S DOOLEY JAMES P JR DOUB RICHARD M DRUCKMAN IRA JAY DRURY SIDNEY H DUNNE ARTHUR L EllERT ARTHUR L JR EDWARDS RAYMOND EICHMEIER ROGER EIFERT HELMUT ELLIS BERNARD M ENGLAND EDWARD H ERKES DO NA LD H ERNST PETER WALTER FACKTOR JERROLD M FALASZ JOHN M JR FALKENBERG CHARLES JR FELDMAN GILBERT FELTMA N JEROME MARTIN FERGUSON OLIVER D FIELDS MARSHALL G FINN DONALD P FLYNN JOHN L FOUFAS PLATO CHRIS FRANK BERNARD A FRAZlN JULIAN J FREEMAN BARRY J FREY RICHARD K FRIDMAN ISRAEL A FRIEDMAN RICHARD E Flossrnoor FRISBY OWEN V FUNAI MASARU GARONS MICHAEL GEISLER ASHER GILBERT ALICE LEE GILL FRANKLIN E JR GILL JOHN J GILLIES DONALD A GILSON JEROME GIMBEL LOWELL GINSBURG SEYMOUR B Gitles GERALD A GLASGOW JOHN DAVID GooD LAURENCE Good WILLIAM E GOODMAN BARRY F GORDON SHELDON M GORR CARL H GOULD ARTHUR GRABEMANN KARL GRAHAM FLORENCE R GREEN SHELDON GREENBAUM NEIL GREENFIELD MICHAEL C GRETLER WILLIAM E GRIMSHAW THOMAS T GROSBY MAURICE E GROSS JAY S GROSSMAN FREDRIC J HABERMAN MORTON J HACKBARTH ALFRED E HAHNE HELEN Jo HALL ALBERT L JR HALPER HARRY ROBERT HANEY ALVIS HARLAN MARION HARRER RIcHARD G HARTNETT GEORGE F JR HAWKFS HARRIET M HAYNFR JOHN A HECTOR LOUIS G HEINDL WARREN A HELLER MAURICE L HELMAN ROBERT A HELMS WILLIAM R HERMAN LAWRENCE HERMAN ROBIN BURNS HORNSTEIN BARRY B Hunrn DONALD K HUGHES DANIEL L HURLEY WILLIAM J HURST WILLIAM T HURWICZ ABRAHAM A ISHIDA LINCOLN J JACKER RICHARD E JACKSON ROGER N JOHNSON RODGER K JONES EARL CLIFFORD JR KAGANJEC HENRY J KALLMAN RoBERT L KAPLAN JEROME KARONES JOHN G KAUFFMANN PHILIP KAUFMAN HOWARD R KELLY RAYMOND B KLEIN MAURICE G KLOSER MARTIN F KOLBE WIILLIAM F KOPALD NOEL S KORENGOLD HOWARD L Korn DONALD G KosTOPOULOS THOMAS P KOWITT ARTHUR J KUKLA ROBERT J KURLAN DER DONALD J LAGIOIA SALVATORE M LAMET JEROME LANER RICHARD LAPPING NORMAN E LARRY JAMES D LAZARUS FRANKLIN M LEEB THEODORE L LEMASTER CHARLES R LESLIE MELVIN E LEVINE ALFRED H LEVINE HAROLD LEVINSON DAVID JR LEVY GERALD J LEWIS KENNETH S LIDMAN JAMES R LIEBERMAN LYLE D LIGMAN DANIEL V LINDBERG GEORGE LINDEN WALTER C LINDGREN WILLIAM D LINDRUP ALICE LINTZ STANLEY M LOEFFLER JAMES J LOWE JUNG YEN LUCY RICHARD H LURIE WILLIAM L MACKEY JERRY D MACKOFF BENJAMIN S MAGIDSON SHERMAN C MAGIDSON WILLIAM H MAJEWSKI CHESTER P MALONEY THOMAS H MANGLER ROBERT J MANILOW FLOYD B MARINO CHARLES F MARKFIELD ARNOLD H MARKS JEROME MARKS MERTON E MARKS STANFORD D MASON ROBERT E JR MATZ EDWARD D JR MAXWELL RICHARD L MITCHELL SHELDON MIX BRONISLAUS J JR MOOR ARTHUR A MOORE JOHN L MORRISON DONALD T JR MORRISON SIDNEY E MORSCH THOMAS H MULLIGAN STEPHEN R MCDERMID HAROLD E McGEHEE LAYNE N McKAY CURTIS McNAMARA THOMAS W McNULTY JOHN W MEEK MARCELLUS MILLER JEROME T JR MILLER RALPH W JR MINUSKI N MYRON MISHKIN MELVIN MITCHELL JAMES R NELSON STEBBINS NEYHART FREDERIC A NIEDERMAN ALLAN N NORGREN ROBERT L NoTZ JOHN K JR NOTZ JOHN ROBERT JR OBERTO MARGUERITE D OGILVIE GEORGE F OLIVER ROBERT J OLSON RONALD W O'SHEA DANIEL M OSSEY MARSHALL D OSTROWSKI LEo A PAPPAS CONSTANTINE P PARKER BRIAN P PASQUESI THEODORE A PATTERSON GERALD PAULSEN ROBERT H PAULSON FORD R PAYALON EUGENE IRVING PEARCE PAUL R PEKOW EUGENE PERKINS JAMES L PETERSEN DONALD S PETROS ANDREW J PICKREL JAMES V PODD GEORGE O JR PoGRUND SHERWIN POSNER FRED S POWELL RICHARD E POWERS DONALD H RABINOVICH BENJAMIN H RAILSBACK THOMAS F REIFF DAVID REYES MANUEL RICHARDSON JAMES E ROLLEY ELIAS JR ROSENBLOOM ALVIN D ROSENBLOOM MELVIN L ROTH GERALD ROTHEMBAUM NORMAN L RUBIN GEORGE A RUSSELL EARL WESLEY RUTHER JEROME J RYAN JAMES J SADLEK LAWRENCE A JR SAGAN VINCENT R SAHR WlLLIAM K SAUNDERS RAYMOND E SEARS FRANKLIN R SEMBOWER JOHN F SEVIN NORMAN M SHULMAN ALVIN D SIEGER DONALD F SILVERS CHARLES W SINGER ALVIN SINSON JUNIE L SLONAKER JOHN O SMITH DOUGLAS F SMITH MARTIN A SMITH NED A SMITH RAY J SNITOFF LEE J SNOW RICHARD A SOCHA DANIEL C P SowLE CLAUDE R III SPAK THEODORE SPENCE MARY VIRGINIA SPIVAK PETER B SPRINGS HENRY W JR SPROGER CHARLES E STANLEY FRANK C JR STAVRIANOS NICHOLAS STEPHENS RICHARD D STEUDE WILLIAM L STEVENSON EDGAR M STOCKTON PHILIP J STOKES JAMES F STOLLER WILLIAM J STONE M RONALD STROEMER RICHARD H SuLJAK NEDJELJKO D SUSMAN ARTHUR T SWANSON WARREN L SWEENEY JAMES R TENNANT WILLIAM S TROTTI ISABELLE MARGARET TUCKER ROBERT L TULLIS ROBERT W UM MIN YUNG VAN HOUTEN HENRY R VAN LEER OSCAR J VAN S ICKLE JAMES E WALSH JOHN F WALTERS MELVIN WASNESKI EARL J WEBER JosEPH A WEISE JOHN T WENIG LEONARD N WEXLER wARREN M WHITCUP LEONARD S WHITLOCK LYNDON J III WILKES JAMES T JR WINGERSKY MELVIN FREDERIC WINTER BERNARD R Wiss ROBERT E WOLIN HARRY WYNKOOP WALKER E Northfield YONETSU KAZUKO ZACZEK LESTER C INDEX Abbott Hall Admission Alumni Association Application Bookstore Buildings Calendar Coif Order Combined Courses Curriculum Degrees Deposit Employment Examinations Faculty Fees Fellowships Financial Foundations Founding Law School Fraternities Funds Gary Elbert H Library Grades Health Honors Journal Air Law Commerce Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Legal Legal Library Elbert H Gary Limitation Linthicum Charles Clarence Foundation Loan Location Law School Military Mimeograph Northwestern University Law Review Officers Trustees University Origin University Personal Pictures Placement Prelegal IO Prizes Program School Publications Raymond James Nelson Anna Louise Foundation Rebates Refunds Register Rosenthal Julius Foundation Schedules Scholarships Special Staff Student Teaching Thatcher Frank H Memorial Fund Towle Henry Sargent Memorial Fund Trustees Tuition Veterans' Withdrawals https://plrccollections.org/files/original/f00c93d47c2c9a39c6358732aaba4623.pdf f3c61d8305ed2a3773a7b2acb043b02e PDF Text Text THE SCHOOL OF LAW VOL. LIV • MARCH 29, 1954 • No. 17 �Northwestern University Bulletin is published hy Northwestern University weekly from December to the end of the academic year at 309 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, lllinois. Entered as second-class mail matter September 26, 1947, at the post office at Chicago, lllinois. under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912; acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on June 14 1 1918. �ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1954-55 PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON, ILLINOIS ��ENTRANCE TO LEVY MAYER HALL �GARDEN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW �CALENDAR 1954 SEPT. 13-15 SEPT. 15 SEPT. 16 Nov. 25-27 DEC. Monday -Wednesday Registration for first semester. Wednesday Orientation day for entering students. Thursday Classes begin. Thursday-Saturday Thanksgiving recess. 18 Saturday Christmas recess begins. JAN. 3 Monday Classes resume. JAN. 14 Friday Classes close. JAN , 17 Monday Examination period begins. JAN. 26 Wednesday Examination period closes. JAN. 31 Monday Second semester classes begin. Saturday Spring recess begins. 1955 APRIL 9 APRIL 18 Monday Classes resume. MAY 20 Friday Classes close. MAY 23 Monday Examination period begins. Wednesday Examination period closes. NINETY-SEVENTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT. JUNE JUNE 13 Monday JUNE 14 Tuesday Registration for summer term. JU NE 15 Wednesday Summer term classes begin. Friday Classes close. Monday-Thursday Examination period. AUGUST 5 AUGUST 8-11 SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are held on weekdays, except Saturday, between the hours of 8:30 A.M. and 5:00 P.M. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term. The building is open to students from 7:00 A.M. to 11 :00 P.M. each weekday, and from 1:00 P.M. to 10:00 P.M. on Sunday. By special permission of the Dean, students may be permitted to use the study rooms of the building at other hours. 5 �, OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY President of the University Vice-President and Dean of Faculties tHARRY L. WELLS, B.S., LL.D., Vice-President A. C. VAN DUSEN, PH.D., Vice-President and Director of Public Relations WILLIAM S . KERR, Business Manager JAMES M. BROOKS, C .P.A ., Administrative Assistant to the President J ENS NYHOLM, M.A., University Librarian FRANK S. ENDICOTT, P1-1.D., Director of University Placement "KENNETH F. BURGESS, President of the Board of Trustees PHILIP R. CLARKE, Vice-President LESTER J. NORRIS, Vice-President RAWLEIGH w ARNER, Vice-President STANLEY G. HARRIS, Secretary ROBERT A. GARDNER, Treasurer, General Funds WESLEY M. DIXON, Treasurer, Endowment Funds J. ROSCOE MILLER, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LL .D., H. HAROLD ANDERSON "NATHAN WILLIAM MACCHESNEV *MRS . ROBERT R. BAKER RALPH A. BARD J AMES M. BARKER "ALFRED W. "ARTH UR T. McINTOSH BAYS "AUBREY H. MELLINGER CARLETON BLUNT MI LTON C. MUMFORD "BERTRAM J. CAHN JAMES J. NANCE GEORGE R. CAIN "WALTER * J AMES F. OATES J. CUMMIN(;S JAMES F. OATES, JR. GEORGE W. DIXON, JR. *GEORGE B. DRYDEN W ILLIAM A. PATTERSON A. " JOH N M. ELLIO'IT w. PEAKE HOLMAN D . PETTIBONE "WILLIAM T . FARJCY *IRWIN REw ROLAND D. FELTMAN *WALTER DILL SCOTT *WADE FETZER G ILBERT H . SCRIBNER WADE FETZER, JR. JOHN G. SEARLE WILLIS D. GALE 0. BENTLEY G . MCCLOUD FosTER G. McGAw *FRANKLYN B. SNYDER LOWELL HASTINCS LEONARD P. SPACEK J AY L. HENCH ELMER T. STEVENS RALPH M. HUESTON JAMES F. STILES, JR. *JAMES R. LEAVELL MRS. ROBERT C. S u r-IR RAYMOND C. WIEBOLDT JOHN J. LOUIS ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES HAROLD A . BOSLEY CHARLES v\T. BRASI-IARES AUBREY S. MOORE HARRY A. BREWER GORDON PHILLIPS £ADEN DAVIS WILLIAM • Life Trustee. tRetired A ugust 3 I , 1954 . 6 THOMAS B. LUGG A. VAWTER, II �FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST, M .A ., LL.B., LL.D., Dean and Professor of Law ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Law, Emeritus FRED EDWARD INBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D., Professor of Law BRUNSON WILLIAM WILLIAM WILLIAM MACCHESNEY, B.A., J.D. , Professor of Law WILLARD WIRTZ, A .B., LL.B., Professor of L aw RoBERT RoALFE, LL.B., Professor of Law and Librarian LUCIUS CARY, A .B., LL.B., M.B.A., Professor of Law WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK, B.A., J.D ., Professor of Law JAMES ANDREW RAHL, B.S., J .D., Professor of Law WILLIAM MAVOR TRUMBULL, M.A., J.D., Associate Professor of Law HARRY BROWNE REESE, B.A., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law ALAN NORMAN POLASKY, ·B.s., J.D ., Assistant Professor of Law STEPHEN LovE, LL.B., Professor of Law EDWARD CLEAVELAND SWEENEY, A .B., J .D., LL.M., Professor of Law DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER, B.A ., J.D., Professor of Law IRVING GOLDSTEIN, LL.B., Professorial Lecturer on T rial Technique ALBERT KEGAN, B .A., M.S., J.D., Professorial Lecturer on Patents and Copyrights NELLIE MACNAMARA, LL.B., Lecturer in Legal Clinic, R aymond Foundation WILLIAM WEBB BRADY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Lega l Accounting HERBERT BROOK, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Insurance Law BENJAMIN HARRIS, JR., B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Socia l Legislation HENRY LEO HILL, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Transportation ROBERT MARKS, B .S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Restitution ROBERT HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Military Law JOSEPH R. JULIN, B.S.L., LL.B., Lecturer on Future Inter ests IRVING BRECHER, A.M., PH.D., LL.B ., Lecturer on Corporate Industry PHILIP J . MuRPI-IY, A.B ., LL.B., Lecturer in Lega l Clinic, R aymond Foundation SPECIAL LECTURERS JOSEPH D. LOHMAN, A.M. ALBERT K. ORSCHEL, A.B., LL.B. , S.J.D. VIRGIL PETERSON , A .B., J.D., LL.D. OWEN R ALL, A.B ., J .D . TEACHING ASSOCIATES, 1953-54 RALPH L. HALPERN, LL.B. LAWRENCE H ERMA N, A .B., LL.B. PAUL A. TESCHNER, B.S., J.D. 7 �ORIGIN AND GROWTH PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H . PEDRICK, Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern University Law Review ROBERT H. GAULT, PH.D., Editor, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Editor, Police Science Section, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science FRED E. INBAU, Managing Director, Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science EDWARD C. SWEENEY, Editor, Journal of Air Law and Commerce MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager, Legal Publications GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M. LoUis, Executive Secretary JANE BARR, Registrar MARY P. MASSEY, Receptionist, General Office MARY CRAWFORD, Secretary to the Dean RUTH DUNNING, Faculty Secretary LOUISE R. KUCHMAN, Faculty Secretary RosE M. FERRACUTI, Faculty Secretary EMILIE E. JACKSON, Faculty Secretary SHYAM CHARAN MAJHI, Assistant ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R . RoALFE, LL.B., Librarian KURT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., Assistant Librarian DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH, B.A., Head, Book Selection ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M.A., Reference Librarian HERTA S. PRAGER, PH.D., J .D., Head, Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Assistant MARTHA w ASHINGTON, B.S., Secretary MARIA CHUDZINSKA, Reference Assistant HELGA B. OFFERMANNS, Cataloguing Assistant NOR THvVESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A charter establishing "the North Western University" was granted on January 28, 1851, to nine young Chicagoans-three lawyers, a physician, two businessmen , and three leading Methodist ministers. It was their dream to establish "a university of the highest order of excellence" to meet the educational needs of the rapidly developing territory of the northwest. They decided to set up their university, not in the raw metropolis of Chicago, but in the virgin wilderness twelve miles to the north. With their meager funds they bought 380 acres of land, now the campus and the central part of the city 8 �LOCATION AND BUILDINGS of Evanston, erected a modest frame building, and in November, 1855, opened their "university." It consisted of ten young men and two professors. Despite the difficulties caused by the Civil War, recurring financial panics, and the disastrous Chicago fire of 1871, the young university survived and grew. Gradually professional schools of medicine, Jaw, and dentistry were affiliated. Specialized new departments branched out from the original "College of Literature and Science." In 1869 a daring step was taken and women were admitted. One of the momentous events in the University's history occurred in 1926, when the great Chicago Campus was dedicated. Its magnificent buildings for the School of Law, the Medical and Dental Schools, and the evening divisions were the finest in the country. Later the evening and graduate Schools of Commerce were established. Today Northwestern is an institution of world-wide influence, with 80,000 living alumni. Its thirteen schools are located on two campuses, with land and buildings valued at $37,000,000. The full-time enrollment of the University is about 8,000 students; of this number approximately 6,300 are enrolled on the Evanston Campus. The faculty consists of approximately 1,140 members. The bound volumes in the libraries of the University total approximately 1,112,000. Through the years it has given educational training to more than a quarter of a million students, made many significant contributions to knowledge through research, and benefited thousands through its clinics. THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION was founded in 1859 by Thomas Hoyne. In 1873, as the Union College of Law, it came under the joint control of Northwestern University and the old University of Chicago. When the latter institution ceased to exist, the School came under the control of Northwestern University, and in 1891 became Northwestern University School of Law. The School is located on the Chicago Campus in two buildings erected in 1925, overlooking Lake Michigan at Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, within a few minutes' walk of Chicago's Loop district. T HE SCHOOL OF LAW BUILDINGS Levy Mayer Hall is the gift of the late Mrs. Levy Mayer in memory of her husband, an eminent member of the Chicago bar. The Elbert H. Gary Library Building and the library which it houses are the gifts of the late Elbert H . Gary, of the Class of 1867. A beautiful cloistered garden, enclosed by an arched wall connecting . the wings of the two buildings, is the gift of Mrs. Hortense Mayer Hirsch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Levy Mayer. The main entrance to Levy Mayer Hall is on Chicago Avenue. On the first floor is the entrance lobby, which opens to the south onto the garden arcade; to the east into Lowden Hall, a commodious lounge named for Governor Frank 0. Lowden, one of the School's distinguished alumni. To the west, a corridor leads to majestic Lincoln Hall, which has a seating capacity of approximately four hundred persons. On the second floor are the general offices overlooking the garden, professors' offices, and Booth Hall, with a seating capacity of 140, named for Henry Booth, the 9 �PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL first professor and dean of the School from 1859 to 1891. The entrance to the alcoved reading room of Elbert H. Gary Library, the Librarian's office, and the offices and stack rooms beneath is also on this floor. From within, the two buildings seem as one. On the third floor are the Faculty Room, professors' offices, Hoyne Hall, named for Thomas Hoyne, the founder of the School, and Hurd Hall, named for Harvey Bostwick Hurd, a professor from 1863 to 1902, both classrooms with seating capacities of 80 to 100 persons. On the fourth floor are study and seminar rooms, each of which accommodates from six to fifteen students. On the ground floor are lockers, storage and supply rooms, mimeographing service, vaults, showers, etc. The halls, classrooms, offices, lounges, study and reading rooms of the buildings are spacious and artistically finished and appointed. On the walls are numerous paintings and etchings of eminent judges and lawyers from many countries, also many reproductions and photographs of documents, trials, and persons famous in legal history. The surroundings of gardens, parks, and Lake Michigan and the tall buildings of the other schools to the west give the School seclusion in the heart of a great city. PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL The School does not confine its interests to any particular locality or region. Its students are drawn from all parts of the country and indeed from all over the world. Nevertheless, its geographical location presents opportunities and imposes responsibilities which are influential in shaping its program. The Middle Western region includes a wide variety of interests. Here are the instruments of industry and trade in all of their forms, centers of control for extensive business enterprise, institutions that supply credit, protection, communication, transportation, and numerous other services; and here necessarily are agencies of government at all levels. It is possible for the School to draw upon this area for much that is valuable in its educational program. Leaders of the legal profession, of government, and of business are within reach to share with students and faculty their wisdom and experience. Faculty members, working in bar association com· mittees, counseling in government, arbitrating disputes between management and labor and otherwise participating in the affairs of the community, are able to impart to the classroom discussions an increased significance and vitality. The School also recognizes its responsibility in contributing a service to the interests and population of this area and in training young men and women in the processes of law and government to deal with the multitude of problems and conflicts. that necessarily arise in a section which concentrates so varied an assort· ment of activities within a single community. To this end it offers training in the skills and tradition of the lawyer's craft; it provides scholarships and fellowships for those who show high promise and would otherwise be unable to obtain adequate professional training. The periodicals which it publishes foster research by students and faculty and provide a means of making available the results to the bar and to the public. Buildings, library and living quarters furnish a stimulating environment for a wholesome intellectual and professional life. The program as a whole is designed to maintain a close contact with the current realities of the legal world, and at the same time to hold fast to the cultural values essential to a learned profession. 10 �ADMISSION New students are admitted at the beginning of the first semester. Under special circumstances when there is a sufficient demand , provision may be made for the admission of new students in February or June. An applicant for admission must have obtained a bach elor's d egree in arts or science from an approved college, or must h ave comple ted three years of acceptable study (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) in an approved college. A complete transcript of the applicant's college record and of any work don e in a professional or other school, together with evidence of an y degree he may have received, must be filed with his application, or as soon thereafter as it can be obtained. A photograph of the applicant must also be filed with the application. If there have been appreciable inter-vals during the course or since the completion of his college work, the applicant must indicate his activities during such intervals, and if he has been employed, must give the names and addresses of his employers and submit statements from them showing the type and quality of service applicant has rendered and the reasons for the termination of such service. Servicemen will be supplied forms for indicating their military service records. All applicants for admission are required to take the Law School Admission Test, administered by the Educational Testing Service.• The test may be taken whether or not application for admission has been previously filed. The test scores will be used to supplement college records, recommendations, interviews, and other factors bearing upon admission to law school. An application must be accompanied by the application fee of $5 which will not be returned. If the applicant attends , the $5 fee will be applied as a payment on other fees. Applicants accepted for admission are required to m ake a deposit of $25 within thirty days after notice of acceptance. This deposit will not be refunded , but will be applied as part payment of tuition. If the applicant resides in or near Chicago, he may be requested to come to the School for a conference. In the discretion of the Dean, applicants not exceeding ten in number for any one year who do not meet the minimum requirements for admission but who possess the general educational qualifications for admission to the Illinois bar may be admitted as special stud_ents not candidates for a degree. The admission of students from other law schools as candidates for a degree and the granting of advanced standing for credits obtained in any such school rest within the discretion of the Dean of the School. Students of other schools may be admitted for a single term or for certain courses on a certifica te of good standing. No applicant will be admitted who has been denied readmission to another law school. Auditors who are not candidates for a degree may be admitted to certain courses in such numbers as will not interfere with the work of the students registered for such courses. The School reserves the right to deny admission to any applicant for any reason which it considers adequate. Forms for making application will be supplied on request. *The School of Law, together with a number of other law schools, is cooperating in the administration of this test. It is given in many colleges and uni versities throughout the country, so that a minimum of travel is required. No speci al preparation is necessary. For detailed information and application blanks, write to the Educational T esting Service, P . 0. Box 592, Princeton, New Jersey. 11 �PRELEGAL STUDY Among the many values to be derived from college study, maturity is of peculiar importance to the study of law. Such maturity comes from rigorous intellectual discipline derived from the mastery of any study undertaken by a student, rather than from the mere content of the subject matter. Although students may enter the School of Law with three years of college preparation, it is the opinion of the Faculty that, except under special circumstances, only relatively mature students should enter before securing an academic degree. The preparation for the study of law is an individual problem. Ordinarily a student would do well to follow a Bachelor of Arts or Science program with emphasis on English, history, economics, and political science. In addition, time should be found for courses in speech, accounting, and statistical method. But students differ widely in their tastes, and college courses vary greatly in the stimulation and discipline afforded the student. The School, therefore, does not prescribe particular courses for admission. In this it follows the policy of the Association of American Law Schools. Students who are preparing to enter the School of Law should consult with their college prelegal advisers. DEGREES Degrees will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School of Law. Before a student will be recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the Faculty as to his character and must have complied with the requirements of the degree for which he is a candidate. DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR The degree of Juris Doctor will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of a bachelor's degree in arts or science from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semesterhours of credit in the School of Law, during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship is one of distinction or special distinction, the degree of Juris Doctor may be awarded cum laude or magna cum laude. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS I. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred upon students admitted on the basis of three years (90 semester-hours or the equivalent) of satisfactory credit from an approved college (not including any credit for law study) upon the satisfactory completion of 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of Law during a residence period of three academic years or the equivalent. The last year must be in residence at Northwestern University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from another law school, a minimum of thirty semester-hours of credit must be earned in this University. ii. By a vote of the Faculty upon petition a special student may become a candidate for the degree of Bachelor of Laws upon the following conditions: 12 �DEGREES (a) At the time of beginning his studies in this School the student must have been at least twenty-three years of age. (b) The student must have completed at least one academic year of work in this School before filing his petition for admission as a candidate for a degree. (c) The student must have attained in the studies pursued in this School an average standing of 74. (d) The student must satisfy the Faculty, apart from formal proof of his general education, that he has had such exceptional education, training, or experience as in its judgment qualifies him to be a candidate for the degree. When so admitted, the candidate shall be entitled to receive the degree of Bachelor of Laws on the same conditions required of other candidates for the degree, except that he must have achieved a minimum grade average of 74. Where in the opinion of the Faculty the candidate's record of scholarship is one of distinction or special distinction, the degree of Bachelor of Laws may be awarded cum laude or magna cum laude. DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS The degree of Master of Laws will be conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this or some other university or college having equal requirements in that regard. In unusual cases this requirement may be waived by vote of the Faculty. A candidate for the degree of Master of Laws will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence in this School, during which time credit must be obtained for not less than 15 semester-hours in courses not previously counted toward the first degree in law. (b) The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results, of such character as to be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University Law Review. (c) The passing of an examination covering his general legal attainments. DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science-Scientiae Juridicae Doctor (S.J.D.) -may be conferred upon candidates who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having equal requirements for that degree, or have obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for that degree are equal to those prescribed by this School for the degree of Juris Doctor. A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science will be required to meet the following conditions: (a) The completion of one academic year of residence at this School. The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however, will normally run far beyond the period of residence required. (b) The completion of a study to be approved by the Faculty or its proper committee. This study shall be one involving original research and must be completed in such manner, as to both subject matter and literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the Faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution to legal science. The mechanical form of the manuscript shall be subject to the approval of the Faculty. 13 �COMBINED DEGREES (c) The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by the Dean in the particular case. (d) The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the Faculty. It is the policy of the Faculty to restrict this degree to candidates who have had experience either in practicing or in teaching law, and who have developed some scholarly objective. Candidates are afforded every facility for both library and field research, and at some time during their residence they are given the opportunity of instructing students along the line of their research. They are given the rank of graduate fellow and are accorded many of the privileges of members of the Faculty. The opportunities afforded by the School and the community for graduate study are in all practical respects unlimited. COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS OR SCIENCE I. The degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science will be conferred upon students who have secured credit in the College of Liberal Arts of this University for 135 quarter-hours, in accordance with its requirements (see the University Register for particulars), upon the further satisfactory completion of 27 semester-hours of the first-year courses in the School of Law, or upon the completion of such equivalent courses in the School of Law as may be approved by the faculties of the School of Law and the College of Liberal Arts. II. A student presenting three years of college credit (90 semester-hours) from another approved college of arts and sciences, may, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law, receive from the Faculty a certificate requesting the faculty of his original college to recognize his work in this School of Law as the equivalent of a fourth year in college and to recommpnd him for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science in that college or university. DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW The degree of Bachelor of Science in Law will be conferred upon students who are admitted to the School of Law on the basis of three years (90 semester-hours) of college credit, and who are not candidates for the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the School of Law with a grade average of not less than 68. APPLICATION FOR DEGREE Application for a degree must be made in writing and filed with the Secretary during the period the candidate is registered in the School. The graduation fee must be paid at the same time. An application for a degree will not be accepted after a student's registration has terminated. 14 �EXAMINATIONS Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. They are for the purpose of affording a basis for the determination of the student's relative mastery of the subject upon which he is examined. Although examinations provide the most · importan t source for this purpose, the written work done in connection with a course, the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion, the contacts generally with the professor in charge incident to the development of a course, are all of great value in rating the standing of a student. Examinations in individual or seminar studies may or may not be given, depending upon the character of the subject and the nature of the instruction. No re-examination will be given in any course for the purpose of raising a grade obtained therein on a prior examination unless the student again regularly takes the course, or in the case of individual studies, does further work as may be required. Students who are eligible, but for good reason are unable to take an examination, may with the permission of the Dean take the next regularly scheduled examination in the course. No special ~xaminations are given. GRADES The grading system is numerical. A grade of 85 or above represents work of the highest distinction. Grades of 68 and above indicate various degrees of satisfactory work. Credit is given for courses in which the student receives a grade from 55 through 67, but such 'grades indicate unsatisfactory work. No credit is given for a course in which a grade of less than 55 is received. A student who at the end of any term after his first term in School has failed to maintain an average of 68 to that date is ineligible for further registration in the School. A student who fails to attain an average grade of 68 over his entire course is ineligible for a degree. In studies and courses in which no formal examination is given, only grades of P or F will be recorded, except that work done in seminars in which written papers are required may be given a numerical grade. Grades received at other schools are not considered in determining the average grade. CURRICULUM* 1954-55 TIME By attending in the summer terms a student may complete his entire course in less than twenty-nine months from the date of entrance. This program requires attendance for forty-one weeks in the year. If a student elects not to attend the summer term, he may complete the course in three years. INSTRUCTION The work of the first year is designed to give the student an understanding of the basic legal principles and concepts. In the second and third years, courses dealing with related subject matters are scheduled in the same term where experience indicates that this is of advantage to the student. In the third year the •in the description of courses, the figure in parentheses following the designation of each course represen ts credit-hours. 15 �CURRICULUM student is offered a choice among a number of courses and seminars. Although the School in the work leading to the first degree in law does not attempt to train specialists, it is possible in the third year for a student to devote a part of his time to a specialized field. ' In the basic courses of the first year case analysis predominates, but there is also opportunity for lectures and library work as well as for exercises in written and oral expression under close supervision of faculty and staff members. In the second and third years, case analysis diminishes while problem study, seminars, research, writing, discussion and lectures increase. It is recognized that problems of law, especially those dealt with in the more advanced courses, are closely related to problems of business and government. Consequently, in order to provide adequate training for the practice of law, materials from other disciplines are integrated with legal studies and extensive use is made of lecturers drawn not only from the profession but from the business community and government. LIMITATION OF WORK Courses totaling 15 credit-hours in each semester, in the opinion of the Faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student can do effectively under favorable conditions, and no student will be permitted to register for additional courses. A student who is under any serious handicap, such as physical disability, the necessity of earning part of his expenses, or commuting for long distances, should reduce his program. A student may be limited in his registration if in the opinion of the Dean he cannot undertake a full schedule with a prospect of success. FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; contracts covering employment, personal and family arrangements, building and construction, the sale of goods, and loans; assignment of wages and accounts receivable; the statute_ of limitations; payment and settlement; remedies and measures of damages; problems in advocacy and counseling. Havighurst, Cases and Materials on the Law of Contracts (2nd ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. MR. INBAU (3) Origins and sources of criminal law; specific crimes; murder, manslaughter, rape, assault, larceny, robbery, burglary, arson; doctrinal bases of responsibility, defenses; confessions and general police practices respecting arrested persons; causes of crime, remedies, defects in the machinery of law enforcement; procedures. lnbau and Allen, Modern Problems of Criminal Law and Its Administration: Cases and Readings (mimeographed). CRIMINAL LAW MR. ROALFE and TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises in writing and in use of the library. The student is required to prepare a series of reports on assigned topics. Emphasis is p laced upon developing the power of written expression and facility in legal research. Lectures and individual conferences. LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH 16 (2) �CURRICULUM PROPERTY I (4) MR. SCHUYLER Introduction to the law of real property. Historical background and basic property concepts; the creation of possessory interest in fee, fee tail, for life and in terms and the legal incidents of each; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of modern property law. Fraser, Cases and Readings on Property (2nd ed.). TORTS (3) MR. PEDRICK Protection of personality, property and relational interests, against physical, appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction, alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, and inducement of breach of contract; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners, public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, The Judicial Process in Tort Cases (2nd ed.). The course is continued in the second semester and carries six hours of credit for the year. SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY (2) MR, TRUMBULL Consideration of individual, partnership, corporate a nd other forms of business organization: conduct of business and industry through representatives; distribution of risks between employers, employees, and third parties; authority, notice, ratification; duties and liabilities of employer and employee to one another. Steffen, Cases on Agency (2nd ed.); supplementary materials (mimeographed). CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (4) MR. NATHANSON The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers between federal and state governments; constitutional guaranties of personal, political, social and property rights. CONTRACTS (3) MR. HAVIGHURST The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. FUTURE INTERESTS (2) M R. JULIN Future interests in land and personalty at common law; rise of executory interests in land; rule against perpetuities, its development and present status; restraints on the alienation of legal estates; rule in Shelley's case; creation, exercise, and extinguishment of powers of appointment; intensive consideration of construction problems arising out of types of limitations commonly found in wills and settlements. Leach, Cases on Future Interests; Carey and Schuyler, Illinois Law of Future Interests. MOOT COURT (1) MR. INBAU Preparation of written briefs and the oral argument of cases. Alumni of the School who are judges or practicing attorneys supply the records, which are usually based upon cases in a prelitigation stage. Each student participates in the preparation of the briefs and in the oral argument, both of which must conform to actual appellate court procedures. All cases are judged by alumni serving as members of a three-judge appellate court. Lectures and readings on appellate court practice. TORTS (3) MR. RAHL The course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. 17 �CURRICULUM SECOND YEAR FIRST SE MESTER ACCOUNTING (l ) M R. P OLASK Y, M R. BRADY Principles of accoun ting and the analysis of financial statemen ts. Not required of studen ts who are proficient in a ccounting techniques. ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE P ROCESSES (4) MR. NAT HANSON T h e d istribution of govern men tal fun ctions; organization of administrative and legislative agen cies; problems of a dministra tive and legislative procedure; procedural aspects of ju dicial review of administrative determina tions. CIVIL PROCEDURE (2) MR. R EESE Structu re and organization of the federal and state judicial systuns; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process a nd pleadings; paft ies; joinder of action s; p re-trial m otion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge an d ju ry; summary judgments: judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estopp el; fuII faith a nd credit; appeIIa te review. Field and Kaplan, Materials for a Basic Course in Civil Procedure; Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States District Courts; Illinois Civil Practice Act; Illinois Supreme Court Rules of Practice and Procedure; and supplementary mimeographed materials. T h e cou rse is continu ed in the second semes ter a nd carries six hours of credit for the year. COMMERCIAL AND I NVEST MENT P AP ER (2) MR. TRU MBULL Notes, b ills of exchange, ch ecks, bonds, and similar instruments: the concept of n egotiability. Britton , Cases on the Law of B ills and N otes (4th ed.). EVIDENCE (4) MR. lNB AU, MR. P OLASKY The competency, examination, and privileges of witnesses; offers of evidence and objections thereto; the test of relevan cy; demonstrative evidence; documentary evidence; evidence unlawfuIIy ob tained; the hearsay rule and its exceptions; the bu rden of proof and p resu mptions; judicial notice; cases ancl iIIustrated lectures on scientific methods of proof. McCormick, Cases on Evidence. FEDERAL TAXATION I (2) MR. C ARY, MR. PEDRICK The imp act of the Federal Esta te and Gift T axes on various types of dispositions of property d u ring life a nd a t d eath; the functions of the administrative and judicial p rocesses in resolving tax controversies; intensive study of typical cu rrent problems in th e estate a nd gift tax field. Cary and Pedrick, Problems, Cases and Materia ls on Federal Estate and Gift Taxation (mimeographed). I NDIVIDUAL AND GROUP STUDIES (l)* MR. R EESE Supervised observation and critical analysis of the preparation and conduct of pending judicial a nd administra tive proceedings . These studies are carried on in coop eration with judges, administrative officials and practicing attorneys. SECON D SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE (4) T h e course is described in the list of courses for the first semester. •for students not requi red to take Acco unting. 18 MR. RE ESF: �CURRICULUM (1) MR. PEDRICK and TEACHING ASSOCIATES Supervised brief writing and oral argument on cases raising lega l issues of current interest. The objective is to provide brief writing experience comparable to the writing experience available to those students who write for and edit th e legal publications. Individual instruction is given to the end that acceptable brief writing is achieved. Required of all students who do not complete a specified amount of writing for the Law Review. APPELLATE ADVOCACY (4) Mit. POLASKY Transfer of interests in land by deed, the escrow arrangement; recording and registration of land titles, abstracts of title and title insu,rance; rights in the land of another; control of land use through private agreement and public sanctions; problems of landlord and tenant; rights and remedies of parties to the real estate contract and the real estate mortgage; brokers' commissions; readings in related problems of real estate finance. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS (3) MR. TRUMBULL The title concept, allocation of risk, remedies of buyer and seller, fraudulent transfers, cash against documents transactions, bills of lading, warehouse receipts, letters of credit, trust receipts, conditional sales, chattel mortgages, accounts receivable financing. Honnold, Cases on Sales and Sales Financing; Uniform Com- SALES AND CREDIT TRANSACTIONS mercial Code. (3) MR. SCHUYLER Administration of decedents' estates; power of testation and its formal requirements; revocation, republication, and revival of wills; probate and contest of wills; collection and management; distribution and settlement; origin of trusts; formal elements of the trust structure; creation of trusts both inter vivos and testamentary for the family; qualifications and resignations and renewal of trustees; administration of the fund and principles of trust accounting; rights and liabilities of third persons; terminations of trusts; procedural problems in trust administration; purposes effected by equity through the use of the trust device. Leach, Cases and Text on the Law of Wills; Bogert, Cases on Trusts. WILLS AND TRUSTS THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER (5) MR. MACCHESNEY, MR. CARY Relations of owners and managers of corporate enterprise; different types of stock ownership and relative rights in assets, profits and control; problems of corporate accounting; relations between owners and creditors; organic changes; consolidation a nd merger, together with the application of the statutes administered by the S.E.C. Dodd and Baker, Cases and Materials on Corporations (2nd ed.); Cary and MacChesney, Problems and Supplementary Materials on Corporations (mimeographed). CORPORATE RELATIONS LABOR RELATIONS (4) MR. WIRTZ Organization and representation of employees; laws applicable to strikes, picketing, boycotts, etc.; inter-union and intra-union relations; collective bargaining contracts; settlement of wage disputes, including general problems of mediation and arbitration. Mathews and others, Labor Relations Cases and Materials. (1) MR. HANLEY An introduction to military law designed primarily to provide a background for legal work in the military services but adapted also to the need of civilian MILITARY LAW 19 �CURRICULUM lawyers for some knowledge of this branch of the law ; lectures, problems, discussions and films dealing with milita ry jurisdiction, courts-martial procedures, and federal legislation affecting servicemen and their dependents. Han ley, Materials on Military Law (mimeographed) and Manual for Courts-Martial 1951. SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE I NDUSTRIAL SOCIETY MR. MAcCr-IESNEY, MR. WIRTZ, MR . CARY, MR. RAHL, MR. BRECHER An exploration of problems of public policy common to corporate, labor, and trade relations. A summary analysis of the economic framework on which the legal rules in the three fields are built. Assigned readings. (4) ' MR. RAHL State and federal law and policy relating to commercial and industrial trade activity, with emphasis on the antitrust laws; also consideration of problems underlying the Fair Trade laws, unfair competition, misleading advertising, boycotts, price discrimination, exclusive dealing, etc. Oppenheim, Cases on Federal Antitrust Laws; Rahl, Readings and Supplementary Cases on Trade Regulation (mimeographed). TRADE RELATIONS SEMINAR (2) Comparative Law MR. MACCHESNEY Survey of the comparative method; survey of the sources of Roman law as the background of modern civil law systems; the functions of the judge in Roman, Medieval, modern French and German legal systems as compared with his role in common law systems; the role of precedent in the civil and common law; the enforcement of tort and contract obligations in French and German law. Dawson, Comparative Law Materials; supplementary readings. Government and Land l\fR. REESE Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision 'Control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of private credit institutions. MR. TRUMBULL Legal History Studies exploring, with the aid of historical information, the influ ence of social, religious, political and economic ideas and institutions upon the development of Anglo-American common law; the use and effect of legislation in substituting new rules of substantive law and promoting flexibility or stability, discretion or certainty in adjudication; administrative and judicial functions in deciding disputes over private rights a nd duties; problems arising upon the consolidation of courts previously distinct in their jurisdiction; developments toward and away from uniformity of the law in the United States. MR. KEGAN Patents Patent problems of interest to the general pract1t10ner. Fundamental concepts concerning patentability, the nature of invention, validity, scope and interpretation of patents, patent infringement, and the enforcement of p a tents. The commercialization of inventions, including assignm ents and patent royalty contracts, shop rights, confidential relationships, and the rights of employers, emp loyees, a nd independent contractors in inventions. 20 �CURRICULUM MR. HARRIS Social Legislation Survey of public policy, statutes, decisions, financing and administration relating to old age and survivors insurance, unemployment insurance, assistance to the aged, blind, dependent children and the disabled; workmen's compensation. Riesenfeld and Maxwell, Modern Social Legislation; and current articles. Tax Problems MR. CARY Primary emphasis is placed upon the income tax and excess profits tax as they apply to corporate and individual business situations. Consideration will be given to tax aspects of operating through partnership and corporation; organizing, amalgamating, selling and liquidating companies. Members of the Chicago tax bar provide problems and participate in the seminar. Transportation MR. NATHANSON, MR. HILL A comparative study of the principal legal and policy questions involved in federal regulation of railroads, motor carriers, air carriers and water carriers. Auerbach and Nathanson, Federal Regulation of Transportation. SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW (4) MR. MAcCHESNEY (a) CONFLICT OF LAWS. This part of the course will be devoted primarily to the choice of law problem in selected fields. Analysis of the fundamental problems underlying choice of law will be stressed. Cheatham, Goodrich, Griswold and Reese, Cases and Materials on Conflict of Laws (3rd ed.); supplementary materials (mimeographed). (b) INTERNATIONAL LAW. A general survey of the doctrine and practice of international law; a critical study of the defects of the international legal system; selective study of the United Nations and other means for strengthening the rule of Jaw in world affairs. Bishop, International Law, Cases and Materials. CREDITORS' RIGHTS (2) MR. RAHL A general survey of the individual remedies of the creditor at common law, in equity and under statutory procedures; a comparative study of nonstatutory liquidations and bankruptcy liquidations. Hanna and MacLachlan, Cases and Materials on Creditors' Rights (4th Consol. ed.). FEDERAL Jl!RISDICTION (2) MR. REESE History of the federal judicial system; structure and busip.ess of the federal courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; three-judge district courts; criminal jurisdiction; habeas corpus; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal System; The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAXATION II (3) MR'. CARY, MR. PEDRICK The federal income tax aspects of various phases of business activity, the impact of federal income taxation on family property arrangements, the role of administrative and judicial processes in resolving income tax controversies; intensive study of current problems of importance in the field of income taxation. Cary and Pedrick, Problems in Federal Income Taxation (mimeographed); Surrey and , ,varren, Federal Income Taxation: Cases and Materials; Student Tax Service. 21 �CURRICULUM FEDERAL TAXATION III (1) MR. PEDRICK, MR. CARY An elective course with restricted enrollment designed as a companion course for Federal Taxation to provide introduction to an area of importan ce to those interested in government fiscal policy and its future effect upon tax policy. A study of the relation of taxation to government spending and borrowing policies, forms of taxes and their incidence, relation of government financing to the operation of the economic system as a whole, specific proposals for reform of 'the existing tax structure, trends in federal taxation and possible future tax legislation . INSURANCE LAW (2) MR. BROOK Formation and construction of contracts for life, casualty and property insurance; organization and regulation of insurance companies under the laws of the several states; application of federal laws to insurance; measures for safeguarcvng the solvency of companies and for the protection of policyholders; supervision of fire and casualty insurance rates; reinsurance; rehabilitation and liquidation of companies. Patterson, Cases and Materials on the Law of Insurance (2nd ed.). (1) l\1R. MURPHY, M rss MACNAMARA Supervised field work at the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities or in the office of an attorney to whom the student is assigned; consultation wi th clients, interviews with witnesses, drafting and filing of instruments, appearances in court, examination of records, assistance in conduct of trials and general office work. Required of all students not members of the Legal Publications Board. Work may be pursued after completion of four terms. LEGAL CLIN IC LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION (3) MR. ,~r!RTZ, MR. POLASKY Organization, administration and financing of municipal corporations; relationships of state and local governments; the property tax; commun ity planning and development (zoning, building codes, housing programs); regulation of business activity and private conduct; legal responsibility of municipalities. Fordham, Local Government Law; Wirtz, Materials on State and Local Taxation (mimeographed). ( 1) MR. TRUMBULL and OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY Essential and distinctive characteristics of the legal profession: the concept of service; the lawyer as an officer of the court; the organization of the bar and the development of educational and ethical standards; a self-governing profession and its disciplinary machinery; the role of lawyers in the evolution of American institutions and organization of the community of nations. Discussions with members of the bar regarding the application of professional ideals and objectives to practical problems which arise in the course o_f individual and collective activities of lawyers. Readings and problems. Required of all students. PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIIIILITY RESTITUTION (3) MR. MARKS The principles and remedies available, at law and in equity, to accomplish the reformation or rescission of contracts, the restitution of property, or other relief appropriate to prevent the unjust enrichment of one person at the expense of another as a result of such circumstances as mistake, fraud, duress, and impossibility or illegality of performance. Durfee and Dawson, Cases on Restitution. (1) MR. GOLDSTEIN Methods of proof, preparation of facts, selection of jury, opening statements, direct examination, laying of foundation for and introduction of exhibits, objections to evidence, offers of proof, expert testimony, hypothetical questions, cross TRIAL TECHNIQUE 22 �CURRICULUM examination and impeachment of witnesses, arguments to court and jury; exercises in examination of witnesses and oral argument. Goldstein, Trial Technique; Goldstein , Trial Practice Cases. SEMINAR (2) (The student will select at least one.) Civil Liberties in Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON A comparative study of the basic philosophical, political and legal problems encountered by modern democratic societies in defining the scope of freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and other aspects of individual liberty during periods of external and internal stress. Corporate Readjustments and Reorganizations* MR. CA RY The problems of Reorganization under Chapter X of the Bankruptcy Act, including the participation of the S.E.C. and federal loan agencies in the solution of business failures, and tax and economic considerations affecting the plan of reorganization; readjustments, recapitalizations and mergers, with emphasis upon corporate-legal, tax, accounting, and federal regulation considerations. Corporation Practice and Finance• MR. CARY Basic problems in Jaw practice where business is being conducted by a corporation: existing partnership agreements and the decision to incorporate; methods of controlling the corporation; the respective roles of officers, directors, and shareholders; the corporate structure; proxy statements; the initial financing of a small business; additional means of fiuancing through security issuance, term Joans and leasebacks; the forms of securities; the role of state regulatory agencies, and particularly of the S.E.C. Tax considerations will be introduced wherever significant. (The above material will be developed in conjunction with outside practitioners.) Estate Planning MR. PEDRICK, MR. POLASKY The application of principles from ·wills and Trusts, Future Interests, Insurance, Gift and Estate Taxation to the problem of planning acceptable property dispositions, with exercise in drafting legal instruments commonly used in this connection. MR . MACCHESNEY International Organization An intensive study of the legal problems of the United Nations and other international organizations. Emphasis will be placed on the role of Jaw and organization in controlling the use of force for the settlement of disputes in international relations. Sohn, Cases on World Law; Sohn, Supplement to Cases on World Law; supplementary materials. Labor Law MR. WIRTZ Collective bargaining; drafting and interpretation of labor management agreements; labor arbitration; principles and practices of industrial community governments; legislative alternatives to collective bargaining. Law and Society MR. WIRTZ A co nsideration of inter-relared lega l, political, econom ic and social developments; an inquiry into the function of law in society, as a basis for judgment regarding the appropriate uses of law and its possible future tendencies; a consideration of the role of words in a world of beliefs and deeds. •G ive n in alternate years. 23 �HONORS Scientific Evidence MR. INBAU The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and criminal cases. HONORS THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER The Order of the Coif is a national scholarship organization instituted in 1907. Its purpose is the encouragement of scholarship and the advancement of ethical standards in the legal profession. Each chapter annu ally elects from the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy of the honor. The work of the Legal Publications Board is so integrated with the instruction program of the School that satisfactory participation in that work is normally a requisite for election to the Order of the Coif. John E. Coons John D. Evans, Jr. Richard J. Flynn Elected June 1953 Lynn H. Johnson William G. Morgan Earl E. Pollock Donald F. Strutz Elected August 1953 Lawrence A. Zinder Nat P. Ozmon Elected January 1954 Donald Moss Phares TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates are appointed annually to assist in the educational program of the School. Each one devotes about half of his time to working with and advising students chiefly in connection with written work. The balance of his time is available for research or for work on various projects related to governmental and civic affairs in close cooperation with members of the Faculty. The Rosenthal and Linthicum Foundations provide a portion of the funds for the Teaching Associate program. 24 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship. The income from a gift, whose presem capital value is about $54,000, by the late Anna Louise Raymond to establish the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund is available for graduate fellowships . Applications of persons of mature years who have had valuable professional experience before or after receiving their degrees in law and who present maturely considered projects for graduate work, other things being equal, will receive special consideration. The Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships in Law. Funds are provided annually by the Owen L. Coon Foundation of Chicago to assist students whose desire to enter the legal profession includes the objective of devoting a part of their lives to public service. The scholarships are in honor of the late Professor Clarion D. Hardy of the School of Speech, and were established by Owen L. Coon, an alumnus who died in 1948, in memory of the man "who contributed most" to his education. Requirements, in addition to expressed interest in public service, are high scholastic attainment, forensic and writing ability, and leadership qualities. Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Several scholarships which may carry stipends in excess of full tuition are available for well qualified students in the School of Law. Preference is given to applicants who have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their scholastic standing. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in income from the Fund to be given as scholarships to in such amounts as the President of the University Law may determine. of $50,000 was bequeathed to memory of her husband, the students in the School of Law or the Dean of the School of The Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband, Jacob Newman, is awarded annually to deserving students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study. The Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the Argonne Sector Battle, is available annually to a student of high scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance in order to obtain a good legal education. The Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have established a tuition scholarship, through a gift to the University of $10,000. The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois. Julius J. Hoffman Scholarship. A full-tuition scholarship is provided annually by Judge Julius J. Hoffman of the Class of 1915, to be awarded to a law student of high character and ability who is in need of financial assistance. · 25 �FELLOWSHIPS, SCHOLARSHIPS, PRIZES Class of 1938 Scholarship. A scholarship for half tmuon, provided by a member of the Class of 1938, is awarded to a student who, in the judgment of the Dean and Faculty Scholarship Committee, will in his future career at the bar contribute significantly to the maintenance of high moral and ethical professional standards. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund . The income from a fund of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually to deserving students in the School of Law. Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Scholarship. A tuition scholarship is provided each year by the Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation for a student specializing in patents, copyrights, and trade regulation. The Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $5 ,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has been a resident of Chicago for not less than ten years. Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of $5 ,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith a scholarship is awarded annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability, promise and financial need may be deserving of financial assistance. The Rufus H. Sage Scholarshij1 in the School of Law. From the income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $150 has been established and is awarded annually. Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarsh ip. The Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho provides a scholarship of $100 annually for a student in the third-year class who has shown great improvement in scholarship during the second year as compared with the first year. The Faculty of the School of Law, in selecting the recipient, may give consideration to financial need. Legal Publications Secretarial Scholarship. A tuition scholarship is available to a first-year law student who is qualified in accounting and secretarial work. The scholarship will be continuous for the full period of the holder's career in the School of Law, but is subject to termination at any time if the holder's services are not satisfactory. The holder will act as an assistant to the Business Manager of Legal Publications. Applicants should state their qualifications fully . University Scholarships. There are available each year a limited number of University scholarships yielding from $75 to full tuition. Monitorships. A number of students, of good scholastic standing, are appointed each term as library monitors. Compensation varies according to the duties performed. Mah/on Ogden West Book Fund. A fund established by friends of the late Mahlon Ogden West, Class of 1925, to purchase books to be used each year, during his freshman year at the School of Law, by a male scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and requiring financial assistance, who is to be selected by the Dean. The Lowden-Wigmore Prizes. The income from a fund established by the late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually to provide two prizes of approximately $100 each. In accordance with the wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded respectively to a second-year student and a graduating student on the basis of a competition designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in public. 26 �PLACEMENT SERVICE The Hyde Prize. The income on a fund of $1,800, the gift of Professor Charle~ Cheney Hyde, is awarded not oftener than once in two years, under such conditions as the Faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law. Wigmore Key . Established 1949-1950. Awarded by the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has done most for the School and toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class, Board of Governors of Junior Bar Association, Editorial Board of the Law Review, and the Faculty. Award of the Junior Bar Association. An award in the form of a silver cup is presented each year to the student of the first-year class who has attained the highest standing during the year immediately preceding the award . The cup remains the property of the University, but is placed in the custody of the winner during each year after his name and the date of award have been engraved thereon. After ten years the cup is placed on display in Levy Mayer Hall, and a new cup is provided. Homer F. Carey Award. Booth Inn of Phi Delta Phi in 1952 made provision for an award in memory of the late Homer F. Carey, Professor of Law from 1932 to 1950. Under its terms a cup and a copy of ·c arey and Schuyler on the Illinois Law of Future Interests is presented annually to the first-year student who is deemed most proficient in the law of real property. Application for award of scholarships and monitorsh ips should be addressed to the Dean of the School. LOAN FUNDS The following loan funds, administered by the University, are available to law students. (See the University Register.) Applications for loans should be made to the Dean of the School of Law. General Student Loan Fund Methodist Loan Fund Mary H. Bovee Fund Northwestern University Foundation Loan Fund Ella M. Sullender Fund James A. Patten Fund Anna Louise Raymond Loan Fund Frederick A. Brown Memorial Fund, donated by Mrs. Keene vV. Berry in memory of her father PLACEMENT SERVICE The School maintains a service to assist its graduates in finding positions. Teaching assignments are arranged so that one of the members of the Faculty is free to spend a substantial portion of his time in advising students and graduates on problems of placement, in keeping in touch with law firms and government agencies, and in locating other. opportunities for legal work, including positions as law clerks to judges and other public officials. The Law Alumni Association, through its Committee on Placement assists in the program by obtaining information from the alumni of the School and other practicing attorneys with respect to available positions. 27 �TUITION, FEES, AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS The cost of education at Northwestern University is only partly covered by tuition charges. The balance is defrayed by the income from endowments of the University, which have been provided by generous individuals. The following information regarding tuition and fees is for the year 1954-55, but is subject to change without notice: TUITION Full Tuition (undergraduate and graduate) First semester ........................... .. ............. . . . ... . . . . .. $337.50 Second semester . . . ....... ... . ..... . . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . .. . 337.50 Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170.00 Part-time Tuition (less than 10 class-hours) each credit-hour . ...... ... 34.00 Auditor's Fee, each credit-hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........... 34.00 FEES Matricu lation Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (This fee is payable upon first admission to the University. It is to be paid once, is not transferable, and is not refundable upon withdrawal.) (An advance deposit of $25 is required of all applicants within thirty days after notice of acceptance. Th is deposit is not refundable, but will be applied as part payment of tuition.) Graduation Fees: Bachelor of Science in Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juris Doctor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Master of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Doctor of Juridical Science . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student Health Fee: (Required of all full-time students. See Studen t Health Service section.) First semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...... ......... ............ ... Second semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Summer term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Registration Fee (for registering at other than the scheduled time) Full-time students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change of Registration Fee (after the seventh full day of classes in each term unless requested by the School) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Late Physical Examination Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (See Student Health Service) Duplicate Diploma Fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duplicate Transcript of Record, each . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10.00 10.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 10.50 10.50 5.25 5.00 2.00 5.00 2.00 5.00 1.00 FINANCIAL REGULATIONS Bills. The Division of Student Finance, first floor, Abbott Hall, issues and makes all adjustments on student bills. These bills are mailed to the student's address indicated on the billing card filled out by the student at the time of registration. Each bill is due ten days from its date and is paid at the Cashier's Office, first floor, Abbott Hall. Each student is responsible for receiving his bill. In the event 28 �FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS that a tmt10n bill is not received within three days from the date of registration, the student should make application immediately at the Division of Student Finance. The due dates of bills cannot be extended because students fail to receive their bills. Financial Obligations. No student who is delinquent in the payment of tmuon or other fees, or against whom the University holds record of indebtedness, will be given a diploma of graduation, a certificate of scholastic standing, or a transcript of record, until such indebtedness has been fully paid. A student who owes tuition or other fees at the close of a term will not be permitted to take his final examinations or to receive credit for that term. Registration in the University is provisional and subject to cancellation by the Director of Student Finance at any time until bills are paid. Withdrawals and Refunds. Official withdrawal blanks are available at the office of the School of Law. Students who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are held for no tuition beyond the amount of the advance deposit. Students who withdraw after the first one-eighth of the term and before the end of one-fourth of the term are held for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of withdrawal, students are held for all fees, except . that those who withdraw before the end of the first one-eighth of the term are not held for the student health fee . In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above dates. In all cases the date on which the official withdrawal notice is received at the Student Finance Office, or the date of formal exclusion, is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition. Students Entering Military Service. If a student in good standing withdraws from the University after the middle of a quarter or a semester, because he has been called into or volunteers for the armed services of the United States, he will receive full academic credit for the quarter or semester, with grades as of the date of his withdrawal, but no refund of tuition. If he withdraws for this reason before the middle of the semester or quarter, he will receive a refund of all tuition and fees he has paid for the period in question, but no academic credit. Rebates to Faculty, Staff, and Instructors. Undergraduate and graduate students who meet the following regulations are eligible to apply for rebates: (a) full-time faculty and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University; (b) dependent sons and. daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of affiliated institutions. A full-time faculty or staff member will be granted a rebate of 50 per cent of his tuition charges with a maximum rebate each term of 25 per cent of the established full-time tuition rate. This rebate limitation recognizes that the full-time faculty member or staff employee cannot carry, with justice to his work, more than half of the academic program. Application blanks for these rebates are available at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall, and must be filed with that office before registration each term. Students should call for their rebate checks at the Division of Student Finance, Abbott Hall, one day before their tuition bills become due. Rebate checks are applicable on tuition charges only, and cannot be accepted in payment of other fees. Student Deposit Account. The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter checks against their deposits, payable to themselves. There i's no charge for this service, and no interest is paid on deposits. 29 �LIBRARY AND PICTURES General Expenses. The expenses of a student for the academic year, including tuition , books, board and room, and incidentals, approximate $1,800. THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY The Elbert H . Gary Library of some 162,000 volumes represents chiefly the gifts of the late Elbert H . Gary, LL.B., 1867, LL.D ., 1922. It ranks among the six largest law school libraries in the United States and includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and territories, Great Britain, Canada, and Australia, tog·ether with their statutes and session laws, and all subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to form a complete working collection of Anglo-American law. This collection is supplemented by a selection of publications in the fields of history, economics, government, and the other social sciences. The Library receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English language. In addition, there is a very representative collection of volumes on comparative law, which includes the codes, decisions, and journals of all modern European countries, adequate resources for research in Roman and mediaeval law, and a good working collection of volumes on Japanese and Chinese law. The Theodore S. Chapman and Robert 0. Farrell collections of Mexican law supplement a useful group of some five thousand v9lumes on Latin-American law. A large collection of treatises and periodicals on international law is supplemented by many treaties and diplomatic documents, and the whole pennits useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law. The Library maintains a comprehensive collection of volumes and documents on the criminal law and its administration and a special collection of materials on aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field, exclusive of technical engineering publications. In connection with the University Centennial Celebration, the Northwestern Law Alumni Association recently raised a fund of more than $150,000 for the purchase of books for the Library. This is called the John Henry Wigmore Library Fund, in honor of the memory of the Dean of the School of Law from 1901 to 1929, whose great learning and scholarly interest contributed in such a vital way to the building of the collection. The Library is open daily throughout the year, and in the evenings as well whenever the School is in session. PICTURES The School's collection of pictures, now numbering some 2,500 pieces, copiously illustrates the history, personnel, and customs of the legal profession, not only in Great Britain and the United States, but all over the world. It represents acquisitions accumulated during the past thirty years, partly by purchase, partly by gifts from alumni and other friends. Personal search has been made in nearly every country of Europe for portraits and scenes to illustrate other systems of law; many of these are unique and irreplaceable. The collection includes some forty oil paintings, and about 1,500 etchings and engravings. A special series is a se_t of twenty large platinum photographs of portraits of eminent British judges in the National Gallery of Portraits, colored by a London artist to show the costumes. The larger portraits are framed for display on the walls of the lecture rooms, library reading room and corridors. 30 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION The James Nelson and Anna Louise Raymond Foundation was established in 1926 by the late Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond through a gift of $200,000. The income from this fund, which was originally subject to certain annuities, provides a legal clinic for the poor. It was organized under the superintendence of a joint commit tee of the School of Law, U nited Charities, and the Chicago Bar Association . The work of the clinic is under the direction of attorneys of the School of Law and the staff of the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities. The work of the School and that of the Legal Aid Bureau are highly co-ordinated. Indigent claimants and defendants in every type of case are represented. The student comes in intimate contact with the routine and problems of office practice and litigation generally. The claims successfully prosecuted aggregate thousands of dollars annually, and the legitimate defenses afforded indigent persons are equally valuable. The Foundation and clinics were the first to be set up on behalf of a law school. For details of the clinic work required, see the Curriculum. In connection with the work of the legal clinics, Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond established the James Nelson Raymond Fellowship, by gifts totaling $40,000, the income from the Fund to be awarded annually for graduate fellowships. See Fellowships, Scholarships, Prizes. THE JULIUS ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION The Julius Rosenthal Foundation was established in 1919 in memory of Julius Rosenthal by his son, the late Lessing Rosenthal, his daughter, Mrs. George Pick, a nd Charles H. Hamill, Max Hart, Harry Hart, Mark Cresap, Frank M. Peters, Leo F. Wormser, F. Howard Eldridge, Willard L. King, Magnus Myres, Mrs. Joseph Shaffner, and Mrs. Otto L. Schmidt, all of Chicago, and the Honorable Julian W . Mack, of New York. Additional provision for the Foundation is made under the terms of the will of the late Lessing Rosenthal. Julius Rosenthal (1828-1905) was an eminent and beloved member of the Chicago bar and Librarian of the Chicago Law Institute for nearly forty years. He was the most learned lawyer of his time in Chicago, did more than any other man to establish the best standards of legal scholarship in this region, and by numerous gifts of books indicated his interest in the welfare of this School. The present capital fund of the Foundation is about $80,000, the income from which is applicable generally for the cultivation of legal literature, and specifically by means of the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, and books of a scientific or practical nature concerning the law, which otherwise might not readily find a publisher; by the aid or encouragement of research in the field of legal literature, and of the preparation for publication in whole or in part of the results of such research; by the delivery and publication of lectures on subjects concerning the law. The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of the Foundation: In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamente, of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice. In 1929, John C. H . Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai, and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. 31 �FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1931, Jean Escarra, of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris. In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States History," and numerous other historical works. In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University. In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Court of Massachusetts. In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. In 1946-47 a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure, operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the establishment and development of the Un ited Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of Mr. Adlai E. Stevenson. In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures was given on subjects in the field of International R elations and International Law. In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures on the subject, "On Understanding the Supreme Court." In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment." In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations." In 1952, Charles Horsky, of the District of Columbia bar, delivered a series of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government." In 1952-53 the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome Conference of 1952," by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System," by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials," by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A Conference was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, the speakers including Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law at Columbia University. In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University , delivered a series of lectures on "The Modern Corporation a nd the Capitalist R evolution." THE CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established in 1926 in memory of Charles Clarence Linthicum (1857-1916), LL.B., 1882, professor of this School , 1902-1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The capital fund of $37,000 was provided by Mrs. Charles C. Linthicum, Harvey S. Firestone, his long-time client, and Otto R. Barnett and Melvin M. Hawley, his associates at the Chicago bar. The income from this fund is applicable to the general purpose of cultivating research, study, and instruction in the fields of the law of patents, trademarks, copyright, or other topics of the law involving the development of trade, industry, and commerce; and specifically by means of the delivery of lectures or other form of instruction; the publication of meritorious essays, monographs, or books; the aid of research or preparation for publication; the award of prizes to meritorious essays, monographs, or books already written or published. Prizes have been awarded to the following: In 1927, Stephen Davis, of New York. Subject: "The Law of Radio Communication." 32 �FOUND ATIO NS AND SPECIAL FUNDS In 1929, first prize, Charles John Hamson, of London; second prize, L. B. Davies, of Melbourne, Australia, and Francois Poignon, of Montbard, France. Subject: "Scientific Property." In 1930, Richard Spencer, of Chicago. Subject: "A Complete Program for the Improvement of the United States Patent Law System." In 1931, first prize, Leslie Bartell Davies and Arthur Dean, of Melbourne, Australia; second prizes, Stephen P. Ladas, of New York, Marcel Plaisant, of Paris, and J. M. Bliss, of Surrey, England. Subject: "A Comprehensive Critique of the International Chamber of Commerce Committee's 1930 Draft Convention for the International Protection of Industrial Property." In 1935, first prize, Jan Vojacek, of Prague, Czechoslovakia; special honorable mention to Karl B. Lutz, of New York; honorable mention to George van Gehr, of Chicago, Mario Chiron, of Rome, Italy, and Edwin M. Thomas, of Washington D.C. Subject: "A Survey of the Principal National Patent Systems (from the Historical and Comparative Points of View)." In 1937, first prize, Jean Van Houtte, of Brussels, Belgium; first honorable mention to D. Goedhius, of The Hague, Netherlands; honorable mention to Joseph Kroell, of Strasbourg, France, David Grant and Arnold W . Knouth, of New York, and Hans Adolf Wulf, of Hamburg, Germany. Subject: "Carrier Liability in National and International Commerce." In 1941, first prize, Laurence I. Wood, of Chicago; second prize, W. Houston Kenyon, Jr. , of New York. Subject: "The Relation Between Patent Practices and the Anti-Monopoly Laws: The Situation in the Past, Present Trends, and Future Possibilities." In 1943, first prize, Louis Robertson, of Chicago. Subject: "Trademark and Trade-Name Laws in the Americas: The Problem of Their Practical Reconciliation." In 1948 a Round Table was held under the Linthicum Foundation on the subject, "Is Bigness an Offense under the Sherman Act." Participants were Edward R. Johnston, of the Chicago bar; Eugene V. Rostow, Professor of Law, Yale University; Thomas C. McConnell and Leo F. Tierney, of the Chicago bar; James A. Rahl, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Trade Regulation. In 1949, a Round Table was held on the subject, "'Feather-Bedding'-Symptom or Disease." Principal speakers were Carroll R. Daugherty, Professor of Busines.s Economics, Northwestern University, and Paul R. Hays, Professor of Law, Columbia University. Participants were Stanford Clinton and Alex Elson, of the Chicago bar; W. Willard Wirtz, of the Faculty, and students from the class in Labor Law. In 1951 the Foundation contributed to the support of the Academic Conference on "Individual, Group and Government in the Modern Economy," this being the sixth of the series of conferences held by the University in celebration of its Centennial. In 1951-52 a Conference was held on the subject of "Arbitration and Wage Stabilization." In 1952-53 a forum was held on the subject, "Countervailing Power in the Economy: The Concept and the Criticism." The principal speaker was J. Kenneth Galbraith, Professor of Economics, Harvard University. In 1954, a Conference was held on "Chicago's Fight Against Slums." FRANK H. THATCHER MEMORIAL FUND Mrs. Frank H. Thatcher of Winona, Minnesota, in 1948 made a gift of $100,000 to the University to establish a fund as a memorial to h er husband who died in 1921. The income from this fund is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law in such manner as the Board of Trustees shall from time to time determine. 33 �LEGAL PUBLICATIONS HENRY SARGENT TOWLE MEMORIAL FUND In 1935 Northwestern University received a share in the remainder of a trust established by the late Helen H. Towle of Oak Park. The fund, whose principal sum now amounts to about $36,000, was established in memory of the trustor's father, Henry Sargent Towle, and is to be used for the benefit of the School of Law. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW The N orthwestern University Law R eview, formerly the Illino is L aw R eview, was founded by the Faculty of this School in 1906. It was edited jointly from 1924 to 1932 by the Faculty, alumni, and students of this School and the Jaw schools of the University of Chicago and University of Illinois. In 1932 it . was reorganized under a Board of Managers consisting who1ly of Northwestern alumni, students, and Faculty, and since that time has been edited by students of the School of Law. It is published bi-monthly throughout the year. THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE The Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science began publication in 1910. It is edited by Robert H. Gault, Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology of Northwestern University, and a board of other widely reputed scientists and scholars interested in the field of its activity. It contains a section on Police Science, edited by Mr. Ordway Hilton, Examiner of Questioned Documents, New York City. The Journal is published bi-monthly and is under the general supervision and control of the Faculty of the School of Law. Professor Fred E. Inbau, of the Law Faculty, is Managing Director of the Journal. THE JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE The Journal of Air Law and Commerce, edited by the Northwestern University Schools of Law and Commerce, began with the January number, 1930, and is published quarterly. Publication of this journal, which was suspended during the war, was resumed in January, 1947. Members of its editorial staff are Edward C. Sweeney, Professor of Law, Editor; Stanley Berge, Associate Professor of Transportation, School of Commerce, Associate Editor. THE LEGAL PUBLICATIONS BOARD The Legal Publications Board is the Student Editorial Department of the several publications fostered by the Law School. The notes and comments published in the journals are for the most part written by students. Selection of the student members of the Board is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the Board is the highest honor a student can attain in the School of Law, and of itself constitutes a preferred rating for the purpose of obtaining employment after graduation. The Board which took office in June, 1953, included the following members: Robert A. Southern Editor-in-Chief John F. Grady 34 Donald M. Phares Associate Editors �)UNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION John B. Lungmus Managing Editor David C. Keegan Articles and Reviews Editor Winslow Whitman Comment Editors Nat P. Ozmon Phillip H. Holm George Kelm Bernard Kleiman Marshall J. Moltz Bert Z. Tigerman Aaron S. Wolff The Board which took office in January, 1954, included the following members: Robert A. Southern Editor-in-Chief John F. Grady John B. Lungmus Associate Editors George Kelm Managing Editor Phillip H . Holm Norman Axelrad S. J "!E:>me Levy Myron Lieberman David C. Keegan Articles and Reviews Editor Bernard Kleiman Aaron S. Wolff Comment Editors Marshall J. Moltz Stuart Silfen Don M. Sowers Bert Z. Tigerman James A. Rahl Adviser to the Editorial Board BOARD OF MANAGERS Willard H. Pedrick, Chairman Francis A. Allen Nathaniel L. Nathanson William M. Trumbull C. Ives Waldo Harold .) . Clark Douglass Fillinger Elliott E. Foster Earl E. Pollock W. Willard Wirtz Roland D. Whitman Harold C. Havighurst James A. Rahl Nathan William MacChesney Harold A. Smith And the Officers of the Student Board JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION The Junior Bar Association is the students' professional orga nization, operating under charter granted by the Faculty of the School. All students are members of the Association, and through it work out the problems of student government and school activities. Through its power to call general assemblies of the students and require their attendance, the Association provides a ready forum for the discussion and consideration of all the affairs of the School in which students are interested, as well as for public and professional matters outside the School. The Junior Bar Association also publishes semi-annually The Reporter, a magazine for distribution to students and alumni, and The U' igmore, an annual yearbook. An orientation program for entering students is held by the Junior Bar Association at the beginning of the fall semester. On the day before classes begin, welcoming talks are given by the Dean and the President of the Junior Bar Associa3.'i �STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE tion. Instructors for the first-year classes and representatives of the various organizations and activities of the School also speak to the entering students. New residents in Abbott Hall are invited to an informal meeting with the law students presently residing there, and regulations regarding the law floors are explained. The officers for 1953-54 were: President: Albert L. Hall, Jr. Secretary : Kathryn Dix Vice-President: Harry R . Halper Treasurer: Ford R. Paulson THE WIGMORE YEARBOOK The Wigmore yearbook is an annual publication of the senior class. It is supported by the Junior Bar Association, the Dean and the alumni. An opportunity is afforded all interested students to gain editing, sales, and photographic experience. The entire publication is handled by the editor who is elected, and a staff which he appoints. Members of the editorial staff for the 1954 volume were: Editor-in -Chief: J . Stacey Sullivan, Jr. Business Manager: Phillip H . Holm Associate Editors: Richard W. Austin, Daniel Hughes FRATERNITIES Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Delta Theta Phi Tau Epsilon Rho Nu Beta Epsilon Kappa Beta Pi (Sorority) STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE The Student Health Service, provided by the University through the Medical School for law students, is the same as that provided for students of the Medical and Dental Schools. Students wishing a consultation for illness may see the Student Health physician in Room 202 of the Medical School (Montgomery Ward Building) from 8:30 to 10:3·0 A.M . and 1:30 to 3:30 P .M . daily, and at 11:00 A.M. on Saturday. In an emergency case a student may report to the nurse in charge, Room 202, any time between 8:30 A.M. and 4:30 P.M. Acute illness occurring outside of those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room at Passavant Memorial Hospital. Validity of registration is contingent upon completion of the initial physical examination and satisfactory evidence of successful vaccination. Appointments for physical examination will be given at the beginning of each school term. Students who register late or who fail to keep their appointments for physical examination will be charged a fee of two dollars. In order to use the facilities of the Health Service, students must be registered at the University for at least the minimum number of hours required for eligibility. See the Student Health Service Information Bulletin for more complete information. ABBOTT HALL All law students except married students and those whose homes are within easy commuting d istance of the School are expected to live in Abbott H all. It is designed to provide convenient and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere in which may be developed all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a lawyer, but which for the most part fan outside the sphere of formal training. 36 �ABBOTT HALL The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement are given over to common rooms for social and recreational purposes, the upper sixteen to private accommodations. The first floor contains general waiting rooms and offices and a series of shops. On the second floor is a large student lounge; also a fountain-grill, and two large dining rooms which offer cafeteria service. In addition there is a lounge and common living room on each of the upper floors. Athletic facilities for bowling and ping-pong, in addition to a well-equipped exercise room, are available in the basement. Three floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law-the 10th and Ilth floors for men; the 18th floor for women. Double study-bedrooms, some of them with private baths, are available. Rooms are equipped with desks of modern design, dressers, and beds with inner-spring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, rugs, draperies, bookcases, and floor lamps. Each room has a double closet. (Tru nks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.) Bed linens, blankets, and towels are included in the furnishings, and daily maid service is given. The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable, and is below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the same part of the city. The location of rooms is indicated by the following floor plan: The attractive residents' Dining Hall on the second floor serves excellent food and is operated on a daily cash basis. A large selection of foods is _o ffered at moderate prices, three meals per day averaging from $2.00 to $3.00. The average room rate for the academic year is $290.00 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the academic year is signed by the applicant. The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments on October 1, January 1, and April I, during the academic year. Bills are due upon presentation and are p ayable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall. Applications, together with $25 .00 room deposit, should be filed as early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago 11. UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE The University Bookstore is owned and operated by the University for the convenience of the students in all schools on the Chicago Campus. It is located on the first floor in Abbott Hall. The student may obtain all necessary textbooks and supplies there. He will also find that the various departments have articles which are carefully selected to meet the student's every need. 37 �VETERANS' EDUCATION The University maintains a Veterans' Education Office in Abbott Hall, for the assistance of students who attend school under any of the Servicemen's Readjustment Acts. All business with the Veterans' Administration is handled through that office. MIMEOGRAPH SERVICE In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials. At the begin· ning of each term a charge is made against each student for the mimeographed materials required in his courses on the basis of the cost of the supplies and labor required in their preparation. No charge is made for the time of the instructor and his secretarial assistants spent in research, editing, and cutting the stencils for the materials. The mimeograph service is under the management of. Mr. Shyam Majhi. EMPLOYMENT The University Placement Bureau is available to students who wish to obtain part-time employment. Applications should be made to University Placement Bureau, Wieboldt _Hall, 337 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago 11, Illinois. LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS, 1953-54 President: James E. S. Baker, '36 First Vice -President: Don H. McLucas, '35 Second Vice-President: Douglass Pillinger, '31 Third Vice-President: Harold A. Smith, '21 Treasurer: Newton P. Frye, Jr., '46 Secretary: Louis Melchior, '47 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Stuart S. Ball, '27 Roger W. Barrett, '40 Bertram J. Cahn, '99 Harold J. Clark, '15 James W. Clement, '41 Stanford Clinton, '31 Edwin R . Eckersall, '33 Abraham Fishman, '32 Barnet Hodes, '21 Julius J. Hoffman, ' 18 Walker Jensen, '42 Brendan Q. O 'Brien, '30 William R. Rivkin, '48 Elroy C. Sandquist, Jr., '50 Len Young Smith, '27 Cranston Spray, '23 John P. Stevens, '47 Edgar Vanneman, Jr., '47 C. Ives Waldo, Jr., '36 George B. Young, '48 University Not Responsible for Personal Losses The University is not responsible to anyone for the loss of personal property in any building own.ed by the University, whether the Joss occurs by theft, fire, or other cause. 38 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS, 1953-54 Lima, Ohio ABRAHAMS, DONALD M. B.S., University of Pennsylvania B.A., Roosevelt College ANGLE, JOHN E. Springfield (;hicagn B.B.A., Northwestern University Skokie K. Chicago B .S.. University of WisLonsin B.A., Denison Un i,·crsity F. Chicago Berwyn BOLING, ROIIERT C. Evanston BOLLMAN, ROBERT M. A.B., Albion College Chicago AVGERIN, NICHOLAS C. B .S., Nonhwestern Unive:s!ty L. River Grove Chicago AXELRAD, NORMAN DAVID A.B., University of Michigan Highland Park B.A., Swarthmore College BOROVSKY, HERBERT Chicago L. A.B., Dartmouth College Chicago BRAZITIS, GEORGE E. Roosevell College, Southern Illinois Uni vcrsity LaGrange BRODIE, DOROTHY JANE B.A., Swarthmore College 0. Chicago Northwestern Un iversity Chicago BUllNS, MICHAEL A. B .S., Northwestern University Riverside BALLARD, EDGAR D., JR. B .S., Indiana University, l\li ich igan Law Scho61 Gary, Incl . BORNS, CLARENCE A.B .. University of Michigan B.S., Northwest tvlissouri State Teachers College BALDASSARI, LEONARD I3 ODE, KEITH A.B., Augustana College Flossmoor AUSTIN, RICHARD W. Chicago K. llLA NC HARD , WILLIAM B.S .. Northwes~ _rn U11iversity ATKINS, ROBERT S. M. Wilmette V. B.S .. Northwestnn University B.S., Northwestern University BAILEY, ROBERT BIDWILL, WILLIAM B.S., Georgeta\\ n University APPEL, MARTIN S. AWE, HERBERT Chicago BESSER, DAN IEL F. B.A., Lake Forest Coll ege A.B., Brown University ARTHUR, JAMES Chicago M. Northwestern University Chicago ADAMS, RONALD J. BERKE, PERRY University BALMES, VERNON R. of Evanston Sioux Falls, S.D . BURNS, ROBIN B .S., Northwestern University Chicago CAPLAN, FRED M. B.S., University of Illinois B .S., Nor thwestern University Chicago BARRETT, PETER B.S., University of Pennsylvania Maywood BARTLER, JOHN C . Gary, Ind. CARMIEN, DONALD C . Albion College Chicago CERNE, WENCE E., JR. B.B.A., Emory University B .S., Northwestern University Chicago CI-IATZ, ROBERT B. Chicago BAU, LAWRENCE A.B., University of Illinois B.S ., Nonhwestern U ni versity Chicago CHAVERIAT, JOHN W. BEGOUN, SHERWIN T. Chicago B.S., Northwestern University B.S., University of Illinois CHERNAK, JOHN BEIMDIEK, DONALD U. Chatham B.S., Northwestern University BENJAMIN, J EROME B.S., Northwestern Uni\·ersit y A. Nichols, Trumbull, Conn. A.B., Brown University Ch icago CHRISTIAN, RICHARD C. Waukegan A.B., University of Illinois 39 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago CITRIN, PHILLIP M. B.S., Northwestern University CoDo, NORMAN Chicago ELLIS, BERNARD M. Northwestern University Joliet F. Chicago ELMAN, BARRY D. B.B.A., University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Law School B.S., Northwestern University Chicago CONDON, JAMES G . H. ERKES, DONALD B.S.C., Loyola University Chicago B.S., Northwestern University Martelle, Iowa COOK, EARL D . COPENHAVER, WILLIAM B.S., Loyola University Chicago H. University of Illinois, Northwestern University Glencoe COTTLE, WILLIAM R . Moline CRAMPTON, GEORGE W. Evanston CROWN, JOHN J. A.B., Stanford University, Stanford University Law School Oak Park Ill B.A., Beloit College J. V., JR . Chicago B.A., Notre Dame University FARGO, DAVID Evanston L. Chicago FELDMAN, GILBERT B.S., Northwestern University A.B., Cornell University DEMICHELIS, ROBERT FALKE NBE RG, CHARLES B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University DALY, JOHN F., Western springs FALASZ, JOHN M., JR . B.S., Northwestern University FELTMAN, JEROME Chicago FIELDS, MARSHALL G. Columbia University, Northwestern University, New York University School of Law Highland Park FLACK, A.B., Carleton College Chicago M. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago H. CHARLES B.S., Northwestern University Chicago DEVINE, JOHN J. FLYNN, JOHN B.S ., Loyola University Evanston L. B.S., Northwestern University Dix, KATHRYN Chicago S. FOLKERS, FRANK B.A. , Wellesley College Frankfort G. A.B., Knox College Chicago DOLEJS, RICHARD A. B.A ., J ames Millikin University DOOLEY, JAMES PATRICK, JR. Fox, EDWARD Creston, Iowa B.S., Loyola University Chicago Morgan Park Junior College, Northwestern University H. Chicago L., JR. Milwaukee, Wis. B.S ., Northwestern University EDWARDS, RAYMOND w. Chicago B.S., Northwestern Stanford University 40 J. Chicago University of Illinois, Roosevelt College Indianapolis, Ind . FULLER, JO HN G. Highland Parh GILBERT, ALICE L. GILL, FRA N KLIN E., JR. Sioux City, Iowa A.B., A.M., Columbia University Milwaukee, Wis. Tulane University ELKIN, SIDNEY FRAZIN, JULIAN Wellesley College B.B.A., Un ive rsity of Michigan EISENBERG, DONALD S. Rochester, N.Y. FRANK, BERNARD A. A.B., Brown University B.A., Roosevelt College EBERT, ARTHUR Elmhurst Northwestern University DRUGAS, CONSTANTINE G. DRURY, SIDNEY J. B.S., Northwestern University GILLIES, DO NALD A. Evanston B.A ., Denison University Chicago University; A.M., GIMBEL, LOWELL L. Glencoe Drake University, Northwestern University �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Tel-Aviv, Israel GOFFER, AKIVA B.A., Evansville College HANEY, ALVIS w. Chicago B.A., University of Notre Dame Westmont GooD, WILLIAM E. HARLAN, M. SCRIBNER, B.A., Northwestern University New York, N.Y. GOODMAN, BARRY F. B.S., University of Wisconsin GORDON, SHELDON A.B. , Brown University Winnetka HARTNETT, GEORGE F., JR. Chicago M. Ph.B., University of Chicago B.A., Williams College HAWKES, HARRIET Chicago GoRR, CARL HENRY Northwestern University, Ripon College GOULD, ARTHUR II Grosse Ile, Mich . I. Chicago B.S., University of Illinois M. Chicago University of Illinois Park Ridge HAYNER, JOHN A . B.A., Beloit College Chicago H ECTOR, LOUIS G. Evanston GRADY, JOHN F . Northwestern University Ph.B., Loyola University Chicago HELMAN, ROBERT A . University of Illinois Chicago GRAHAM, FLORENCE R . Altoona, Pa . HELMS, WILLIAM R. B.A., University of Maryland B.S., Northwestern University Chicago GREENBAUM, NEIL Chicago GREENSWEIG, BERNARD B.S., Northwestern University; University of Chicago M .B.A., Minneapolis, Minn . GRIMSHAW, THOMAS T . B.A., University of Minnesota GROSS, JAY Cincinnati, Ohio H ERMAN, LAWRENCE Northwestern University s. A.B., University of Cincinnati; LL.B., University of Cincinnati College of Law Pueblo, Colo. HOLM, PHILLIP H. Pueblo Junior College, American University Evanston HOWARD, ROBERT W . B.S., Northwestern University Princeton East Greenville, Pa. HUBER, DONALD KEITH B.S., Northwestern University GROSSHANDLER, STANLEY Cleveland, Ohio Roosevelt College, University burgh, Ohio State University of Pitts- B.S., Northwestern University Harvey L. HUGHES, DANIEL B.A., Yale University Chicago GRossMAN , ALLAN F. University of Chicago, University of Illinois Chicago GROSSMAN, FREDRIC J . IKEDA, Jmo Holualoa, Kana, Hawaii n.A., University of Hawaii !SI-IIDA, LINCOLN Northwestern University Kealakekua, Kana, Hawaii B .A. , University of Hawaii J. Chicago HABERMAN, MORTON B.S., Northwestern University Chicago JACKER, RICHARD E. A.B. , Harvard College HAIMES, ARTHUR M. Allentown, Pa. JACKSON, ROGER N . B.A., Muhlenberg College Wyandotte, Mich. A.B., Albion College HALL, ALBERT L., JR. Grayslake B.S., M.S., University of Illinois JAKALA, STANLEY Chicago B.A., Loyola University HALPER, HARRY ROBERT Wilmette JOHNSEN , ROBERT EDGAR, JR. Northwestern University Chicago B.S., University of Illinois HALPERN , RALPH Buffalo, N.Y. University o f Buffalo ; LL.B., University of Buffalo School of Law JOHNSON, ROBERT M. Evanston B.S .. Northwestern University 41 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS New Haven, Conn. JONAS, RALPH B.A., Union Col!ege Chicago KOPALD, NoEL S. B.B.A., University of Wisconsin Flint, Mich. JOSEPH, RONALD L EE Michigan State College Berwyn KOSIN, DONALD G. B.S., Northwestern Un iversity St. Charles KACHERES, GEORGE LOUIS B.S., Northwestern Un iversity Aurora A. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago KAGANIEC, HENRY J. LL.D., S.J.D., Westphalian Land University of Munster, Germany Chicago KAHN , JULIAN B.A., Roosevelt College; De Pau l University School of Law Athens, Greece KALANTZAKOS, SPEROS P. KRAUSE, JOHN LL.B., University of Athens B.S., Northwestern University B.S.C., De Pau l University Chicago KUSHNER , BEATRICE G. A.B., LL.B., Stanford University Chicago LAMET, JEROME S. B.S., Northwestern Un iversity LAPPING , NORMAN Chicago KAPLAN, JEROME Chicago KURLANDER, DONALD J. Chicago E. University of Illinois Melrose Park LARRY , JAMES D. Chicago KAPLAN, STUART M . Drake University Northwestern University Chicago L. LEEB, THEODORE B.S., Northwestern University North Riverside KARACIC, THOMAS J. A.B. , University of Illinois; Chicago-Kent College of Law Chicago KARO NES, JOHN G . B.B.A., Northwestern University KEEGAN, DAVID LEMASTER, CHARLES R . LaGrange, Ind . B.A ., DePau w Un iversity Chicago LEO NA RD, JOHN PATRICK Loyola University, De Paul Chicago-Kent College of Law University, Elgin C. B.A., Johns Hopkins University LESLIE, MELVIN Fruita, Colo . E. B.A., Northwestern University Chicago KELLY, EDWARD J ., JR. Loyola University l\1arquette University, School of Law Chicago LEVINE, ALFRED H . B.S., University of Illinois Evanston KELM, GEORGE B.S., Northwestern Uni versity Scarsdale, N.Y. KIDSTON, MARLOWE M. A.B., Oberlin College LEVINE, HAROLD l. Cleveland Heights, Ohio A.B., University of Ch icago LEVINSON, DAVID, JR . Chonju, Korea KIM , YOUNG SONG Northwestern University, North Park College Highland Park B.A., Kenyon College LEVY , GERALD J. Chicago University of Illinois Milwaukee, Wis. K1NTZLER, ROIIERT L. A.B., Univers ity of Marquette University KLEIMAN, BERNARD M ich igan; LL.B ., Kendallville, Ind. KOLIIE, WILLIAM F ISKE LEWIS, RAYMO ' D Chicago B.S., Northwestern U n iversity Scarsdale, N.l'. B.A., DePauw University LIDMAN, JAM ES R. Chicago B .S. , Northwestern University Highland Park A.B., University of Michigan 42 Chicago Grinnell College B.S., Purdue University KoMIE, LOWELL B . LEVY, JERRY LIEBERMAN, LYLE D. University of Illinois Chicago �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago LIEBERMAN, MYRON A.B., Stanford University; Stanford University School of Law 0. MARKS, STANFORD J. MARRI NSON, ALLEN Chicago D. LINDGREN, WILLIAM Loyola University, University of Michigan, Northwestern University LINDRUP, ALICE Chicago R. University of Illinois, North western University LINTZ, STANLEY Chicago M. De Paul University, Northwestern University J. LOEFFLER, JAMES Chicago B.S., Loyola University B .S., Un iversity of Illinois; Chi cago -Kent College of Law Chicago Wright Junior College, Roosevelt College, University of Illinois New York, N.Y . MASLOW , RICHARD N. Col umbia University, New York Univcrsity Chicago MATZ, EDWARD D., JR. B.A. , \,Vashington and Lee Un iversity Evanston L. MAXWELL, RICHARD B.S., Northwestern University MA YER, RICHARD H. Chicago LOWENTHAL, GENE A. Chicago Uni ve rsity of Illinois Palm Beach, Fla. Northwestern University Chicago MCD ERMID, HAROLD E. B.S ., Northwestern University LUNGMUS, JOHN Milwaukee, Wis . B. w. McFADDEN, JmIN B.S., Northwestern U ni versity Pontiac B.A., Northwestern University LURIE, WILLIAM Chicago L. MAGIDSON , WILLIAM Chicago H. B .S., Northwestern University MAJEWSKI, CHESTER A.B., Augustana College ; Drake Unh·crsity Colleg·e of Law Oak Park McNAMARA, THOMAS W. Chicago P. Silvis McGEHEE, LAYNE N. B.S., No r thwestern University Notre Dame University B.S., Northwestern University Chicago McNITT, JOSEPH E. Chicago H. MALONEY, THOMAS B.A. , Notre Dame Uni ve rsity B.S., Northwestern University Oak Park McNuLTY, Jo~IN W. Chicago P. MANDEL, MARTHA A .B., A.M., Harvard University B .S., No rthwestern University Chicago MILLER, RALPH W., JR. MANGLER, ROBERT J. Chicago B.S., Northwestern University B.S., Loyola University Quincy MI NUSKIN, MYRON MAN ILOW, FLOYD Chicago B. Roosevelt College, Uni ve rsity of Illinois A.B., University of Illinois Chicago MIRRIELEES, DONALD F . MARGETIS, NICHOLAS M. Chicago A.B., Un iversity of W isconsin; LL.B., University of Wisconsin Law School MARKFIELD, ARNOLD H. Chicago B.S., University of Ill inois Chicago MARKS, JEROME VVright Junior College, Northwestern Universi ty B .A., Denison University UniYersity of Illinois, De Paul University, University of Illinois School of Law Mix, B. Jo1-1N, Chicago Chicago JR. B.S., Northwestern Uni ve rsity MOLTZ, MARSHALL MARKS, MERTON E. Chicago MITCHELL , SHELDON J. Chicago B .S., Northwestern University Northwestern University MARKS, RICHARD J. Nor thwestern University Sharon, Pa. MOOR, ARTHUR R. ] .D., Royal Science Hungarian Chicago University of 43 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS MOORE, JOHN L. Rochelle B.A., Beloit College Chicago OZMON, NAT P. Loyola University, New York University, Washington State College Poughkeepsie, N.Y. MooRE, RICHARD G . Chicago PAGLIARI, JOSEPH L. B.A., Johns Hopkins University B.S., Notre Dame University H. MORSCH, THOMAS River Forest Chicago PAPPAS, CONSTANTINE P. Notre Dame University B.S., Northwestern University Indianapolis, Ind. MULLIGAN, STEPHEN R. B.S., Northwestern University MUNRO, ALEXANDER W., JR. s. St. Charles, Minn. B.A., University of Minnesota H. Chicago PAUKER, DAVID Chicago PAULSON, FORD R. B.A., DePauw University MURPI·IY, JAMES D ., JR. PATTERSON, GERALD Chicago B.S., University of Illinois Pleasant Grove, Utah St. Mary's College B.A., Brigham Young University Chicago MURPI·IY, JOHN J. J. MYERS, WILLIAM Chicago PAVALON, EUGENE B.S., Northwestern University University of Illinois Newton, Iowa H ighland Park PEKOW, EUGENE B.A., Monmouth College A.B., Brown Uni versity NARUSIS, BERNARD V. West Frankfort B.A., Southern Illinois University A.B., Augustana College Chicago NATHAN, GILBERT J. PETROS, ANDREW B.S., Purdue University Maywood PETERSEN, DONALD S. Chicago Wright Junior College, Roosevelt College Chicago NATHAN, RICHARD E. Gary, Ind . PHARES, DONALD B.S., Purdue University B.A., University of Chicago Chicago NELSON, STEBBINS PICKREL, JAMES B.A., Wesleyan University Kanorado, Kans. V. Northwestern University NoTZ, JOHN K., Winnetka JR. PIHL, BOLGER MATTHEW, JR. B.A., Williams College Evanston NoTZ, Joi-IN ROBERT , JR. Eugene, Ore. University of Oregon B.S., Northwestern University LaGrange Pono, GEORGE 0., JR. Gillespie O'CONNELL, RICHARD P, A.B., Brown University A.B., Washington University POWERS, DONALD Chicago OLIFF, JAY R. B.B.A., University of Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Law School OLIVER, ROBERT H. Bradford, Pa . A.B., Grove City College RESNICK , MORTON A. Omaha, Nebr. Omaha University J. Rockford B.S., Northwestern University REVENAUGH , ROBERT PAUL Chicago OLSON , RONALD WAYNE U niversity of l1linois Lake Bluff Wabash College, University of Wisconsin Chicago REYES, MANUEL B.S., Northwestern University Chicago Oss1w, MARSHALL DAVID B.S., U niversity of Illinois RICHARDSON, JAM ES E. Chicago B .S., Northwestern University OSTROWSKI, LEO A. W. East Chicago, Ind. A.B. 1 University of Michigan 44 ROCKWELL, JUSTIN R. Chicago Wilson Junior College, Roosevelt College �REGISTER OF STUDENTS ROLLEY, ELIAS w., Bloomington JR. Gary, Ind. ROSENBLOOM, ALVIN D. Carleton College, Indiana Northwestern University Chicago SIEGEL, ALBERT B.S., University of Illinois B.S., Northwestern University University, La Crosse, Wis. SIEGER, DONALD F. Ph.B., Notre Dame University Chicago SILFEN, STUART A. ROTH, GERALD Allentown, Pa . I. B.A., University Angeles of California at B.S., Northwestern University Los Chicago SILVERMAN, MARVIN LaGrange Park SADLEK, LAWRENCE A., JR. B .S., Northwestern University University of Illinois Highland Park l. SINGER, ALVIN B.A., DePauw University Chicago SAFADY, RICHARD J. Oak Park SINSON, JUNIE LATINO B.A., Beloit College B.S., University of Illinois Chicago SAGAN, VINCENT R. University of Illinois, Northwestern Universi ty Evanston 0. SLONAKER, JOHN Northwestern University Hubbard Woods SMITH, MARY F. SAMUELSEN, GENE H. Elmwood Park B.S., Radcliffe College B.A., St. Olaf College Plymouth, Ind. SMITH, NED A. Chicago SAUNDERS, RAYMOND E. B.A., DePauw University B.S., Northwestern University SMITH, RAY Chicago SCHAFFER, DAVID S. B.S., J.D., De Paul University SNITOFF, LEE SCHAFFNER, BURTON L. Chicago University of Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles J. Chicago B.A., Notre Dame University J. Chicago Roosevelt College, University of Illinois SOCHA, DANIEL C. Chicago P. B.S., Northwestern University Rockford SCHMIDT, JOHN N. Chicago SCHNELL, ROSEMARY J. North,~estern University Chicago B.A., University of Colorado H. De Paul University, versity SOUTHERN, ROBERT A. SCHWARTZ, GLENN ARTHUR ScoBELL, RICHARD Chicago SOLL, LEON BERNARD B.A., Kenyon College Erie, Pa. Independence, ]Ho. Northwestern University SOWERS, DON B.A., Allegheny College Northwestern Uni- Oak Park M. B.S., Northwestern University SOWLE, CLAUDE R., III Springfield B.S ., Northwestern Uni versity SENNE, JOHN D., JR. Glen Ellyn SPAETH, ANTON B.A., Dartmouth College P. Davenport, Iowa B.A., College of the Holy Cross Chicago SEVIN, NORMAN M. Chicago SPAK , THEODORE Northwestern University B.S., Northwestern University SHANE, ROBERT Chicago l. Northwestern U ni versity SHELLY, JOSEPH D. STANLEY, FRANK C. , JR. Elm.wood Park B.C.S., Drake University Wilmette B.A., University of Notre Dame SHEPP, EUGENE LOWELL B.S., University of Pennsylvania STAVRIANOS, N ICHOLAS Idaho Falls, Id. B.B.A., Clark University Harvard STEINBERG, ALLAN R. Chicago Un iversity of Illinois 45 �REGISTER OF STUDENTS Chicago STERN, AsHER B.B.A .. University of Wisconsin; University of V\Tisconsin Law School Chicago STERN, HAMILTON Taipei, Taiwan, China WA NG, HUA! MING Shansi College; LLM., Northwestern University North Chicago WASNESKI, EARL J. B.S. , Northwestern University B.S., Georgetown University STEVENSO N, EDGAR M ., Bloomington JR . STONE, M. Chicago RO NALD Northwestern University Wilmette B.A., Lake Forest College B.S., Columbia University B.S., Notre Dame University w. St. Ambrose College; University of Southern California; University of Jo\va Law School; LL.B., University of Wisconsin Law School Chicago T IGERMAN , BERT Z. B.S .. Northwestern University TIONGSON, CASIANO M. University of the Phili pp ines; Un iversity of the P h ilippines College of Law; LLB., Manuel L Quezon School of Law Chicago TUCKER, ROBERT LEE B.S. , Tennessee State U nive rsity B.A., Yale U ni vers ity LLB., Law Department of Kyushu Imperial University, Japan Cincinnati, Ohio VALENTINE, FREDE RICK L. B.B.A ., University of Cincinnati J. Wheaton W . Chicago WINGERSKY, MELVIN F. LLB. , Boston University School of Law Chicago Wiss, ROBERT E. Chicago WOLFF, AARON S. B.S., Northwestern University Chicago "'' OLIN, HARRY B.A., Michigan State College Chicago "'' OODSIDE, WILLIAM S. WYNKOOP, w ALKER Northfield E. B.S., North western University Ta egu, Kyongsang Pnktn Province, Korea VAN LEER, OSCAR \'V ARREN A .B., Brown University; Th.B., Princeton Theological Seminary N orthweslern U niversi ty Lake Forest TULLIS, ROBERT W , Highland Park B.S., University of Illinois A.B., University of Illinois Tarlac, Ta rlac, Philippines UM , MIN YUNG Highland Park A.B., Harvard U niversity WILLARD, Davenport, Iowa Un ivcrsi ly of Canton VAN S ICKLE, JA MES E. Tokyo, Japan YON ETSU, KAZUKO Jissen Women's University College; Chicago Chicago B.A., Carleton College ZENOFF, ELYCE H. Milwaukee, Wis. B.S., University of Wisconsin; University of Wisconsin Law School ZWICK, BENJAMIN F. Erie, Pa. Keio B.A. , University of Notre Dame B.A., Lake Forest College G. LLB., ZACZEK, LESTER C . ZAK, LEONARD E. Highland Park Univers ity of Amsterdam, Wisconsin Law School VARGO, RI CHARD Evanston III B.S., Northwestern University WILK, BARRY R . Fair Oaks, Pa. A .B., Grove City College TIERNAN, EUGENE Coral Gables, Fla. WHITMAN, WINSLOW Chicago SWEENEY, JAMES R . TENNANT, ·w1LLIAM S . s. B .S., Nort.hweslern University _WHITLOCK, LYNDO N J ., New York, N .Y. SULLIVAN, J . STACY, JR. B.A., Yale Universily WHITCUP, LEONARD STROEMER, RICHARD H . Chicago .WEINER, STEP H EN F. B.S., Northwestern University Evanston Nor thwestern Uni,·ers ity B.A., Gannon College WALTERS, MELVIN Ogdensburg, N.Y. B.A., St. Lawrence University 46 ZWICK, SIDNEY B. Chicago University; B.S., Northwestern University of Chicago A.M., �IND EX Abbott Hall, 36 Adm ission, 11 Alu mn i Associatio n , 38 Applica tion for degree, 14 Bookstore, 37 Buildin gs, 9 Calendar, 5 Coif, Order of, 24 Combined d egrees, 14 Courses of stud y, 16 Curriculum, 15 Degrees, 12; com bined, 14 Deposit account , student, 29 Employment, 38 Examinations, I 5 Facu lty, 7 Fees, 28 Fellowships, scholarships, prizes, 25 Financial arrangements, 28; o bligat ion s, 29; regu latio ns, 28 Foundations, 31 Foundin g and locat ion , Law School, 9 Fraternities, 36 Fu nds, loan , 27; specia l, 3 1 Gary, Elbert H., Library, 30 Grades , 15 Health service, 36 Honors, 24 Journal of Air Law ancl Commerce, 34 Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology ancl Police Science, 34 Junior Bar Association, 35 Limi ta tion of work, 16 Lin thicum, Ch arles Cla rence, Foundation , 32 Loan funds , 27 Location of Law School, 9 Mil itary service, stu dents entering, 29 Mimeograph service, 38 Northwes tern University Law Review, 34 Officers and Trustees, Un iversity, 6 Origin and growth, U ni versity, 8 Pictures, 30 Placement service, 27 Prel egal stu dy, 12 Prizes, 25 Program of the School, 10 Publications, 34 Raymond, J a mes Nelson anJ An11J Louise, Founda tion , 31 Rebates, 29 Refunds, withdrawals and , 29 Register of students, I 95 3 !i4, 39 45 Rose nthal, Juliu s, Fo u nda tion, 31 Schedules and h ours ,. 5 Scholarships and p rizes, 25 Special studcn ts, I I Sta ff, 8 St uden t h ea lth se rv ice, 36 Teaching associa tes, 7, 24 T hatcher, Fran k H., Me:nori~I Fu n d, 3'\ Towle, Henry Sargent, Memo rial Fund , 34 T ru stees, 6 T'uition, fees, and financial a rra nge m en ts, 28 Veterans' edu cation, 38 Legal clinics, 31 Legal publications, 34; board, 34; staff, 8 Library, Elbert H. Gary, 30; staff, 8 Wigmore yearbook, 36 Withdrawals and refunds, 29 47 �J\(_ORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IN CHICAGO I (hildrm's ..Mtmai·ial Hospital 2h mi. hy ".(" J j N._tWbtrr) j .(ihrary i l @;jiuj 111 SUPERIOR STREET HURON STREET .r:c<;;nx.~ WARD AIEAIORIAL BUILDING 2 WIEBOLDT HALL LEVY AIAYER HALL AND GARY LAW LIBRARY THORNE HALL S ABBOTT HALL 6 PATTERSON ,\IE,\IORIAL BLDG. I P,HS,1 V.1 NT 7 HOSPIT.1L I WESLEY HOSPITAL _ _ _,......_ELEVATED LINES - · - · - · - · - STREET CAR LINES. - - - - - - - - BUS NUJ\IBER ,1 ····· •••. . ...••.•..•.• OTHER BUS LIN,ES J/1.CKSON BLVD . .(a Salle~ Stati@ i i i I (jra11d (mtral j ~- Station i 'Dtarlx!rn Sta;ion ~ FIELD Al vsEUM SOLDIER FIELD M ADLER PLANETARIU SHEDD AQUARIUM St . .(llkt'J Hospital# Mile South l b Al/Le sour11 �IN THE LIBRARY ��NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago and Evanston, Illinois GRADUATE SCHOOL-Evanston and Chicago: Advanced study and research (for college graduates) in many fields, leading to the degrees of Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Science in Dentistry, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Education. (Graduate study for the degrees of Master of Business Administration and Master of Science in Hospital Administration is administered by the School of Commerce, for the degree of Master of Music by the School of Music, and for the degree of Master of Science in Journalism by the Medill School of Journalism.) COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Also special preparation for admission to professional schools. MEDICAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have completed at least three years of college and certain other prerequisites), which leads to the degrne of Doctor of Medicine. SCHOOL OF LAW-Chicago: Three-year course leading to the degrees of Juris Doctor (for college graduates) and Bachelor of Laws (for students who have had three years of college). By attending summer terms a student may obtain a degree in twenty-nine months. SCHOOL OF SPEECH-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Speech. DENTAL SCHOOL-Chicago: Four-year course (open to students who have had two years in college) leading to the degree of Doctor of Den tal Surgery. Also two-year course for women high school graduates leading to the Diploma as Dental Hygienist. Graduate and postgraduate studies for qualified dentists. SCHOOL OF MUSIC-Evanston: Four-year courses leading to the degrees of Bachelor of Music and Bachelor of Music Education; graduate courses leading to the degrees of Master of Music and Doctor of Music. SCHOOL OF COMMERCE-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration. Chicago: Evening studies leading to the Diploma in Commerce, the degrees of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, Bachelor of Science in Hospital Administration, and Master of Science in Hospital Administration; a day time course requiring three to five quarters, depending on a student's prior education in business and economics, leading to the degree of Master of Business Administration. MEDILL SCHOOL OF JOURN ALISM-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in J ournalism; also five-year course leading to the degree of Master of Science in Journalism. Chicago: Evening studies (open to high school graduates). SCHOOL OF EDUCATION-Evanston: Four-year course leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Education. · TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE-Evanston: Five-year cooperative course, combining academic work with work in industry, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Industrial, or Mechanical Engineering, or Bachelor of Science in Engineering. UNIVERSITY COLLEGE-Chicago: Evening studies leading to the Certificate of the University College, the Diploma from University College, and the degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy and Bachelor of Science in General Education. Administers graduate studies for the Graduate School in education and liberal arts fields. SUMMER SESSION-Evanston and Chicago: Summer courses, for both graduate and undergraduate students, in liberal arts, commerce, education, journalism, law, music, and speech. For information regarding any school of the University, address the Director of Admissions, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois ���NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY • SCHOOL OF LAW • 195 4-5 5 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law, 1954-1955</div> Description An account of the resource The annual bulletin (vol. LIV, no. 17) for the 1954-1955 academic year. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1954-1955 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1954 March 29 Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. THE SCHOOL OF LAW VOL. LIV MARCH No. Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University East Chicago Avenue Chicago . Entered Chicago . Act Congress Section Act . ANNOUNCEMENT OF COURSES IN THE SCHOOL OF LAW FOR THE ACADEMIC YEAR PUBLISHED BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO AND EVANSTON ILLINOIS ENTRANCE TO LEVY MAYER HALL GARDEN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY J. ROSCOE MILLER PAYSON S. WILD HARRY L. WELLS A. C. VAN DUSEN WILLIAM S . KERR JAMES M. BROOKS JENS NYHOLM FRANK S. ENDICOTT KENNETH F. BURGESS PHILIP R. CLARKE LESTER J. NORRIS RAWLEIGH WARNER STANLEY G. HARRIS ROBERT A. GARDNER WESLEY M. DIXON HAROLD H. ANDERSON MRS. ROBERT R. BAKER RALPH A. BARD J AMES M. BARKER ALFRED W. BAYS CARLETON BLUNT BERTRAM J. CAHN GEORGE R. CAIN WALTER J. CUMMINGS GEORGE W. DIXON JR. GEORGE B. DRYDEN JOHN M. ELLIO'IT WILLIAM T . FARJCY ROLAND D. FELTMAN WADE FETZER WADE FETZER JR. WILLIS D. GALE . LOWELL HASTINCS JAY L. HENCH RALPH M. HUESTON JAMES R. LEAVELL JOHN J. LOUIS NATHAN WILLIAM MACCHESNEV BENTLEY G . MCCLOUD FosTER G. McGAw ARTHUR T. McINTOSH AUBREY H. MELLINGER MILTON C. MUMFORD JAMES J. NANCE JAMES F. OATES JAMES F. OATES JR. WILLIAM A. PATTERSON A. . PEAKE HOLMAN D . PETTIBONE IRWIN REw WALTER DILL SCOTT GILBERT H . SCRIBNER JOHN G. SEARLE FRANKLYN B. SNYDER LEONARD P. SPACEK ELMER T. STEVENS JAMES F. STILES JR. MRS. ROBERT C. SUHR RAYMOND C. WIEBOLDT ELECTED BY THE CONFERENCES HAROLD A . BOSLEY CHARLES W. BRASHARES HARRY A. BREWER EADEN DAVIS THOMAS B. LUGG AUBREY S. MOORE GORDON PHILLIPS WILLIAM A. VAWTER II FACULTY AND STAFF HAROLD CANFIELD HAVIGHURST ROBERT WYNESS MILLAR FRED EDWARD INBAU NATHANIEL Louis NATHANSON BRUNSON MACCHESNEY WILLIAM WILLARD WIRTZ WILLIAM RoBERT RoALFE WILLIAM LUCIUS CARY WILLARD HIRAM PEDRICK JAMES ANDREW RAHL WILLIAM MAVOR TRUMBULL HARRY BROWNE REESE ALAN NORMAN POLASKY STEPHEN LovE EDWARD CLEAVELAND SWEENEY DANIEL MERRICK SCHUYLER IRVING GOLDSTEIN ALBERT KEGAN NELLIE MACNAMARA WILLIAM WEBB BRADY HERBERT BROOK BENJAMIN HARRIS JR. HENRY LEO HILL ROBERT MARKS ROBERT HANLEY JOSEPH R. JULIN IRVING BRECHER PHILIP J. MuRPHY SPECIAL LECTURERS JOSEPH D. LOHMAN VIRGIL PETERSON ALBERT K. ORSCHEL TEACHING ASSOCIATES RALPH L. HALPERN PAUL A. TESCHNER ORIGIN AND GROWTH PUBLICATIONS STAFF WILLARD H. PEDRICK Chairman Board Managers Northwestern University Law Review ROBERT H. GAULT PH.D. Editor Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Law Criminology Police Science FRED E. INBAU Managing Director Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science EDWARD C. SWEENEY Editor Journal Air Law Commerce MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN Business Manager Legal Publications GENERAL OFFICE STAFF ELSIE M. LoUis Executive Secretary JANE BARR Registrar MARY P. MASSEY Receptionist General Office MARY CRAWFORD Secretary Dean RUTH DUNNING Faculty Secretary LOUISE R. KUCHMAN Faculty Secretary RosE M. FERRACUTI Faculty Secretary EMILIE E. JACKSON Faculty Secretary SHY AM CHARAN MAJHI Assistant ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY STAFF WILLIAM R . RoALFE LL.B. Librarian KURT SCHWERIN M.S.Sc. DOROTHY SCARBOROUGH ELAINE E. TEIGLER HERTA S. PRAGER PH.D. J .D. Head Cataloguing Department DOROTHY KLOFKORN MARTHA ASHINGTON MARIA CHUDZINSKA Reference Assistant HELGA B. OFFERMANNS Cataloguing Assistant NOR THvVESTERN UNIVERSITY ORIGIN AND GROWTH A " North Western University" Chicagoans Methodist . " " . They Chicago . With LOCATION AND BUILDINGS Evanston " ." . Despite Civil War Chicago . Gradually Jaw . Specialized "College Literature Science." . One University' Chicago Campus . Its School Law Medical Dental Schools . Later Schools Commerce . Today Northwestern . Its $ . University Evanston Campus. . University . Through . THE LAW SCHOOL FOUNDING AND LOCATION T HE SCHOOL OF LAW Thomas Hoyne. Union College Law Northwestern University University Chicago. School Northwestern University Northwestern University School Law. School Chicago Campus Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Chicago Avenue ' Chicago' Loop . BUILDINGS Levy Hall Mrs. Levy Chicago . Elbert H. Gary Library Building Elbert H. Gary Class . A . Mrs. Hortense Hirsch Mr. Mrs. Levy . Levy Hall Chicago Avenue. On Lowden Hall Governor Frank . Lowden School' . To Lincoln Hall . On ' Booth Hall Henry Booth PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School . Elbert H. Gary Library Librarian' . From . On Faculty Room ' Hoyne Hall Thomas Hoyne School Hurd Hall Harvey Bostwick Hurd . On . On . . On . Lake Michigan School . PROGRAM OF THE SCHOOL School . Its . Nevertheless . Middle Western . Here . School . Leaders . Faculty · . School . · . To ' . . Buildings . . ADMISSION New . Under . An ' . A ' . A . . Servicemen . All Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service.• . . An $ . $ . Applicants $ . . Chicago School . Dean Illinois stud . Dean School. Students . No . Auditors . School . Forms . * School Law . . No . Educational T Service P. . Box Princeton New Jersey. PRELEGAL STUDY Among . Such . Although School Law Faculty . . Ordinarily Bachelor Arts Science English . . . School . Association American Law Schools. Students School Law . DEGREES Degrees Trustees University Faculty School Law. Before Faculty . DEGREE OF JURIS DOCTOR Juris Doctor ' School Law . Northwestern University School Law University. Where Faculty ' Juris Doctor . DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF LAWS . Bachelor Laws School Law . Northwestern University School Law University. . By Faculty Bachelor Laws DEGREES School . School . School . Faculty . Bachelor Laws . Where Faculty ' Bachelor Laws . DEGREE OF MASTER OF LAWS Master Laws . Faculty. A Master Laws School . Northwestern University Law Review. . DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCE Doctor Juridical Science Scientiae Juridicae Doctor S.J.D. Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor. A Doctor Juridical Science School. ' . Faculty . Faculty . Faculty. COMBINED DEGREES Dean . Faculty. Faculty . Candidates . They Faculty. School . COMBINED DEGREES DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF ARTS OR SCIENCE . Bachelor Arts Science College Liberal Arts University University Register School Law School Law School Law College Liberal Arts. II. A ' School Law Faculty School Law Bachelor Arts Science . DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN LAW Bachelor Science Law School Law Bachelor Arts Science ' School Law . APPLICATION FOR DEGREE Application Secretary School. . An ' . EXAMINATIONS Regular . They ' . Although · . Examinations . No . Students Dean . No . GRADES . A . Grades . Credit ' . No . A School School. A . P F . Grades . TIME CURRICULUM* By . . . INSTRUCTION . . • . CURRICULUM . Although School . ' . . . Consequently . LIMITATION OF WORK Courses Faculty . A . A Dean . FIRST YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CONTRACTS MR. HAVIGHURST statute . Havighurst Cases Materials Law Contracts . . . CRIMINAL LAW MR. INBAU Origins . Allen Modern Problems Criminal Law Its Administration Cases Readings . LEGAL WRITING AND RESEARCH MR. ROALFE TEACHING ASSOCIATES Exercises . . Emphasis . Lectures . CURRICULUM PROPERTY MR. SCHUYLER Introduction . Historical . Fraser Cases Readings Property . . TORTS MR. PEDRICK Protection . Green Judicial Process Tort Cases . . . SECOND SEMESTER AGENCY MR TRUMBULL Consideration . Steffen Cases Agency . . CONSTITUTIONAL LAW MR. NATHANSON . CONTRACTS MR. HAVIGHURST . FUTURE INTERESTS M R. JULIN Future Shelley' . Leach Cases Future Interests Carey Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests. MOOT COURT MR. INBAU Preparation . Alumni School . Each . All . Lectures . TORTS MR. RAHL . CURRICULUM SECOND YEAR FIRST SEMESTER ACCOUNTING M R. P OLASKY M R. BRADY Principles . Not . ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES MR. NATHANSON T . CIVIL PROCEDURE MR. R EESE Structure fuII appeIIate . Field Kaplan Materials Basic Course Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Illinois Civil Practice Act Illinois Supreme Court Rules Practice Procedure . T . COMMERCIAL AND INVESTMENT P APER MR. TRUMBULL Notes . Britton Cases Law Bills Notes . . EVIDENCE MR. lNBAU MR. P OLASKY unlawfuIIy iIIustrated . McCormick Cases Evidence. FEDERAL TAXATION MR. C ARY MR. PEDRICK Federal Estate Gift T . Cary Pedrick Problems Cases Materia Federal Estate Gift Taxation . INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP STUDIES * MR. R EESE Supervised . These . SECON D SEMESTER CIVIL PROCEDURE T . • Acco . MR. REESF CURRICULUM APPELLATE ADVOCACY MR. PEDRICK TEACHING ASSOCIATES Supervised . . Individual . Required Law Review. REAL ESTATE TRANSACTIONS Mit. POLASKY Transfer ' . SALES AND CREDIT TRANSACTIONS MR. TRUMBULL . Honnold Cases Sales Sales Financing Uniform Commercial Code. WILLS AND TRUSTS MR. SCHUYLER Administration ' . Leach Cases Text Law Wills Bogert Cases Trusts. THIRD YEAR FIRST SEMESTER CORPORATE RELATIONS MR. MACCHESNEY MR. CARY Relations S.E.C. Dodd Baker Cases Materials Corporations . Cary MacChesney Problems Supplementary Materials Corporations . LABOR RELATIONS MR. WIRTZ Organization . . Mathews Labor Relations Cases Materials. MILITARY LAW MR. HANLEY An CURRICULUM . Hanley Materials Military Law Manual Courts Martial . SEMINAR ON LAW AND THE INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY MR. MAcCr IESNEY MR. WIRTZ MR. CARY MR. RAHL MR. BRECHER An . A . Assigned . TRADE RELATIONS ' MR. RAHL State Fair Trade . Oppenheim Cases Federal Antitrust Laws Rahl Readings Supplementary Cases Trade Regulation . SEMINAR Comparative Law MR. MACCHESNEY Survey Roman Roman Medieval French German French German . Dawson Comparative Law Materials . Government Land \fR. REESE Problems 'Control FHA . Legal History MR. TRUMBULL Studies Anglo American United States. Patents MR. KEGAN Patent pract t . Fundamental . . CURRICULUM Social Legislation MR. HARRIS Survey ' . Riesenfeld Maxwell Modern Social Legislation . Tax Problems MR. CARY Primary . Consideration . Members Chicago . Transportation MR. NATHANSON MR. HILL A . Auerbach Nathanson Federal Regulation Transportation. SECOND SEMESTER CONFLICT OF LAWS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW MR. MAcCHESNEY CONFLICT OF LAWS. . Analysis . Cheatham Goodrich Griswold Reese Cases Materials Conflict Laws . . INTERNATIONAL LAW. A United Nations Jaw . Bishop International Law Cases Materials. CREDITORS' RIGHTS MR. RAHL A . Hanna MacLachlan Cases Materials Creditors' Rights Consol. . . FEDERAL Jl!RISDICTION MR. REESE History . Supreme Court. Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. FEDERAL TAXATION II MR'. CARY MR. PEDRICK . Cary Pedrick Problems Federal Income Taxation Surrey Federal Income Taxation Cases Materials Student Tax Service. CURRICULUM FEDERAL TAXATION III MR. PEDRICK MR. CARY An Federal Taxation . A ' . INSURANCE LAW MR. BROOK Formation . Patterson Cases Materials Law Insurance . . LEGAL CLINIC \ R. MURPHY Mrss MACNAMARA Supervised Legal Aid Bureau United Charities . Required Legal Publications Board. Work . LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND TAXATION MR. !RTZ MR. POLASKY Organization . Fordham Local Government Law Wirtz Materials State Local Taxation . PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIIIILITY MR. TRUMBULL OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY Essential American . Discussions o . Readings . Required . RESTITUTION MR. MARKS . Durfee Dawson Cases Restitution. TRIAL TECHNIQUE MR. GOLDSTEIN Methods CURRICULUM . Goldstein Trial Technique Goldstein Trial Practice Cases. SEMINAR . Civil Liberties Modern Democratic Societies MR. NATHANSON A . Corporate Readjustments Reorganizations* MR. CARY Reorganization Chapter X Bankruptcy Act S.E.C. . Corporation Practice Finance• MR. CARY Basic Jaw Joans S.E.C. Tax . . Estate Planning MR. PEDRICK MR. POLASKY · Trusts Future Interests Insurance Gift Estate Taxation . International Organization MR. MACCHESNEY An United Nations . Emphasis Jaw . Sohn Cases World Law Sohn Supplement Cases World Law . Labor Law MR. WIRTZ Collective . Law Society MR. WIRTZ A . •Given . HONORS Scientific Evidence MR. INBAU . HONORS THE ORDER OF THE COIF NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER Order Coif . Its . Each . Legal Publications Board School Order Coif. John E. Coons John D. Evans Jr. Richard J. Flynn Donald F. Strutz Nat P. Ozmon Elected Lynn H. Johnson William G. Morgan Earl E. Pollock Elected Lawrence A. Zinder Elected Donald Moss Phares TEACHING ASSOCIATES Several Teaching Associates School. Each . Faculty. Rosenthal Linthicum Foundations Teaching Associate . FELLOWSHIPS SCHOLARSHIPS PRIZES James Nelson Raymond Fellowship. $ Anna Louise Raymond James Nelson Raymond Fellowship Fund . Applications . Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Law. Funds Owen L. Coon Foundation Chicago . Professor Clarion D. Hardy School Speech Owen L. Coon " " . Requirements . Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A Francis S. Kosmerl . Several School Law. Preference Kosmerl Scholars . Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. $ Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn Fund School Law President University Dean School Law . Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. $ Mrs. Minnie G. Newman Jacob Newman . Ware Scholarship. $ Mrs. Fannie M. Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Sector Battle . Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. Frederic R. De Young LL.B. LL.D. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert C. De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert V. University $ . School Law Illinois. Julius J. Hoffman Scholarship. A Judge Julius J. Hoffman Class . · FELLOWSHIPS SCHOLARSHIPS PRIZES Class Scholarship. A Class Dean Faculty Scholarship Committee . Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. $ Anna Louise Raymond School Law. Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Scholarship. A Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation . Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. $ Wellington Walker Chicago . Elmer A . Smith Scholarship Fund. From $ Elmer A. Smith . Rufus H. Sage Scholarshij School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage $ . Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarsh . Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho $ . Faculty School Law . Legal Publications Secretarial Scholarship. A . ' School Law ' . Business Manager Legal Publications. Applicants . University Scholarships. There University $ . Monitorships. A . Compensation . Mah/ Ogden West Book Fund. A Mahlon Ogden West Class School Law Dean. Lowden Wigmore Prizes. Frank . Lowden Class $ . . PLACEMENT SERVICE Hyde Prize. $ Professor Charle Cheney Hyde Faculty School Law . Wigmore Key . Established . Awarded Junior Bar Association School . Selection Board Governors Junior Bar Association Editorial Board Law Review Faculty. Award Junior Bar Association. An . University . After Levy Hall . Homer F. Carey Award. Booth Inn Phi Delta Phi Homer F. Carey Professor Law . Under · Schuyler Illinois Law Future Interests . Application Dean School. LOAN FUNDS University . See University Register. Applications Dean School Law. Methodist Loan Fund Mary H. Bovee Fund Ella M. Sullender Fund General Student Loan Fund Northwestern University Foundation Loan Fund James A. Patten Fund Anna Louise Raymond Loan Fund Frederick A. Brown Memorial Fund Mrs. Keene vV. Berry PLACEMENT SERVICE School . Teaching Faculty . . Law Alumni Association Committee Placement School . TUITION FEES AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS Northwestern University . University . TUITION. . FEES FINANCIAL REGULATIONS Bills. Division Student Finance Abbott Hall . These ' . Each Cashier' Office Abbott Hall. Each . FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS tmt Division Student Finance. . Financial Obligations. No University . A . Registration University Director Student Finance . Withdrawals Refunds. Official School Law. Students . Students . Students . Students . Regardless . . . Student Finance Office . Students Entering Military Service. University United States . . Rebates Faculty Staff Instructors. Undergraduate University . . A . . Application Student Finance Office Abbott Hall . Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall . Rebate . Student Deposit Account. University Cashier' Office Abbott Hall . Students . There ' . LIBRARY AND PICTURES General Expenses. $ . THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY Elbert H . Gary Library Elbert H . Gary LL.B. LL.D. . United States United States Great Britain Canada Australia · Anglo American . . Library English . European Roman Japanese Chinese . Theodore S. Chapman Robert . Farrell Mexican v Latin American . A . Library . University Centennial Celebration Northwestern Law Alumni Association $ Library. John Henry Wigmore Library Fund Dean School Law . Library School . PICTURES School' Great Britain United States . . Personal Europe . . A se British National Gallery Portraits London . . FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS THE JAMES NELSON AND ANNA LOUISE RAYMOND FOUNDATION James Nelson Anna Louise Raymond Foundation Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond $ . . School Law United Charities Chicago Bar Association . School Law Legal Aid Bureau United Charities. School Legal Aid Bureau . Indigent . . . Foundation . Curriculum. Mrs. Anna Louise Raymond James Nelson Raymond Fellowship $ Fund . See Fellowships Scholarships Prizes. THE JULIUS ROSENTHAL FOUNDATION Julius Rosenthal Foundation Julius Rosenthal Lessing Rosenthal Mrs. George Pick Charles H. Hamill Max Hart Harry Hart Mark Cresap Frank M. Peters Leo F. Wormser F. Howard Eldridge Willard L. King Magnus Myres Mrs. Joseph Shaffner Mrs. Otto L. Schmidt Chicago Honorable Julian W. Mack New York. Additional Foundation Lessing Rosenthal. Julius Rosenthal Chicago Librarian Chicago Law Institute . He Chicago School. Foundation $ . School Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. Antonio Sanchez Bustamente University Havana Permanent Court International Justice. John C. H . Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. FOUNDATIONS AND SPECIAL FUNDS Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris. Charles Warren " Supreme Court United States History " . Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University. Henry T. Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Court Massachusetts. Lon L. Fuller Professor Law Harvard University. United Nations United Nations. Mr. Adlai E. Stevenson. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John N. Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University " Soviet Union International Law" Paul A. Freund Professor Law Harvard University "On Understanding Supreme Court." John P. Dawson Professor Law University Michigan " History Unjust Enrichment." Abraham H. Feller General Counsel United Nations "World Law World Community United Nations." Charles Horsky District Columbia " Lawyer Government." "Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference " Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization " Essentials Sound Judicial System " Arthur T. Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey " Nuremberg Trials " Robert H. Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. A Conference Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter V. Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf A. Berle Jr. Professor Law Columbia University " Modern Corporation Capitalist Revolution." THE CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Charles Clarence Linthicum LL.B. School . $ Mrs. Charles C. Linthicum Harvey S. Firestone Otto R. Barnett Melvin M. Hawley Chicago . . Prizes Stephen Davis New York. Subject " Law Radio Communication." FOUND A TIO NS AND SPECIAL FUNDS Charles John Hamson London L. B. Davies Melbourne Australia Francois Poignon Montbard France. Subject "Scientific Property." Richard Spencer Chicago. Subject "A Complete Program Improvement United States Patent Law System." Leslie Bartell Davies Arthur Dean Melbourne Australia Stephen P. Ladas New York Marcel Plaisant Paris J. M. Bliss Surrey England. Subject "A Comprehensive Critique International Chamber Commerce Committee' Draft Convention International Protection Industrial Property." Jan Vojacek Prague Czechoslovakia Karl B. Lutz New York George Gehr Chicago Mario Chiron Rome Italy Edwin M. Thomas Washington D.C. Subject "A Survey Principal National Patent Systems Historical Comparative Points View ." Jean Van Houtte Brussels Belgium D. Goedhius Hague Netherlands Joseph Kroell Strasbourg France David Grant Arnold W. Knouth New York Hans Adolf Wulf Hamburg Germany. Subject "Carrier Liability National International Commerce." Laurence . Wood Chicago W. Houston Kenyon Jr. New York. Subject " Relation Between Patent Practices Anti Monopoly Laws Situation Past Present Trends Future Possibilities." Louis Robertson Chicago. Subject "Trademark Trade Name Laws Americas Problem Their Practical Reconciliation." Round Table Linthicum Foundation "Is Bigness Offense Sherman Act." Participants Edward R. Johnston Chicago Eugene V. Rostow Professor Law Yale University Thomas C. McConnell Leo F. Tierney Chicago James A. Rahl Faculty Trade Regulation. Round Table "'Feather Bedding' Symptom Disease." Principal Carroll R. Daugherty Professor Busines. Economics Northwestern University Paul R. Hays Professor Law Columbia University. Participants Stanford Clinton Alex Elson Chicago W. Willard Wirtz Faculty Labor Law. Foundation Academic Conference "Individual Group Government Modern Economy " University Centennial. Conference "Arbitration Wage Stabilization." "Countervailing Power Economy Concept Criticism." J. Kenneth Galbraith Professor Economics Harvard University. Conference "Chicago' Fight Against Slums." FRANK H. THATCHER MEMORIAL FUND Mrs. Frank H. Thatcher Winona Minnesota $ University . School Law Board Trustees . LEGAL PUBLICATIONS HENRY SARGENT TOWLE MEMORIAL FUND Northwestern University Helen H. Towle Oak Park. $ ' Henry Sargent Towle School Law. LEGAL PUBLICATIONS NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Northwestern University Law R Illino Law R Faculty School . Faculty School Jaw University Chicago University Illinois. . Board Managers who Northwestern Faculty School Law. . THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science . Robert H. Gault Professor Emeritus Department Psychology Northwestern University . Police Science Mr. Ordway Hilton Examiner Questioned Documents New York City. Journal Faculty School Law. Professor Fred E. Inbau Law Faculty Managing Director Journal. THE JOURNAL OF AIR LAW AND COMMERCE Journal Air Law Commerce Northwestern University Schools Law Commerce . Publication . Members Edward C. Sweeney Professor Law Editor Stanley Berge Associate Professor Transportation School Commerce Associate Editor. THE LEGAL PUBLICATIONS BOARD Legal Publications Board Student Editorial Department Law School. . Selection Board . Membership Board School Law . Board John F. Grady Robert A. Southern Editor Chief Donald M. Phares Associate Editors UNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION John B. Lungmus Managing Editor Nat P. Ozmon Phillip H. Holm George Kelm Bernard Kleiman David C. Keegan Articles Reviews Editor Winslow Whitman Comment Editors Marshall J. Moltz Bert Z. Tigerman Aaron S. Wolff Board John F. Grady George Kelm Managing Editor Phillip H . Holm Norman Axelrad S. J "!E > Levy Myron Lieberman Robert A. Southern Editor Chief John B. Lungmus Associate Editors David C. Keegan Articles Reviews Editor Bernard Kleiman Aaron S. Wolff Comment Editors Marshall J. Moltz Stuart Silfen Don M. Sowers Bert Z. Tigerman James A. Rahl Adviser Editorial Board BOARD OF MANAGERS Francis A. Allen Harold Clark Elliott E. Foster Willard H. Pedrick Chairman Nathaniel L. Nathanson Douglass Fillinger William M. Trumbull C. Ives Waldo Harold C. Havighurst Nathan William MacChesney Earl E. Pollock James A. Rahl Harold A. Smith W. Willard Wirtz Roland D. Whitman And Officers Student Board JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION Junior Bar Association ' Faculty School. All Association . Through Association School School. Junior Bar Association Reporter U' . An Junior Bar Association . On Dean President Junior Bar Associa .' STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE . Instructors School . New Abbott Hall . President Albert L. Hall Jr. Vice President Harry R. Halper Secretary Kathryn Dix Treasurer Ford R. Paulson THE WIGMORE YEARBOOK Wigmore . Junior Bar Association Dean . An . . Members Editor Chief J . Stacey Sullivan Jr. Business Manager Phillip H . Holm Associate Editors Richard W. Austin Daniel Hughes Phi Alpha Delta Phi Delta Phi Delta Theta Phi FRATERNITIES Tau Epsilon Rho Nu Beta Epsilon Kappa Beta Pi Sorority STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE Student Health Service University Medical School Medical Dental Schools. Students Student Health Room Medical School Montgomery Ward Building · A.M. P.M . A.M. . Room A.M. P.M. Acute Emergency Room Passavant Memorial Hospital. Validity . Appointments . Students . Health Service University . See Student Health Service Information Bulletin . ABBOTT HALL All School Abbott Hall. . ABBOTT HALL Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street. Indiana . . . On . . Athletic . Three School Law Ilth . Double . Rooms . All . Each . Trunks . Bed . Abbott Hall . ' Dining Hall . A $ . $ . . $ . . Before . Division Student Finance Abbott Hall. Rental . Bills Cashier' Office Abbott Hall. Applications $ . . Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago . UNIVERSITY BOOKSTORE University Bookstore University Chicago Campus. Abbott Hall. . He ' . VETERANS' EDUCATION University Veterans' Education Office Abbott Hall Servicemen' Readjustment Acts. All Veterans' Administration . MIMEOGRAPH SERVICE . · . No . . Mr. Shyam Majhi. EMPLOYMENT University Placement Bureau . Applications University Placement Bureau Wieboldt Hall East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois. LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OFFICERS President James E. S. Baker First Vice President Don H. McLucas Second Vice President Douglass Pillinger Third Vice President Harold A. Smith Treasurer Newton P. Frye Jr. Secretary Louis Melchior BOARD OF DIRECTORS Stuart S. Ball Roger W. Barrett Bertram J. Cahn Harold J. Clark James W. Clement Stanford Clinton Edwin R. Eckersall Abraham Fishman Barnet Hodes Julius J. Hoffman Walker Jensen Brendan Q. O'Brien William R. Rivkin Elroy C. Sandquist Jr. Len Young Smith Cranston Spray John P. Stevens Edgar Vanneman Jr. C. Ives Waldo Jr. George B. Young University Not Responsible Personal Losses University . University Joss . REGISTER OF STUDENTS ABRAHAMS DONALD M. ADAMS RONALD J. ANGLE JOHN E. APPEL MARTIN S. ARTHUR JAMES K. ATKINS ROBERT S. AUSTIN RICHARD W. AVGERIN NICHOLAS C. AWE HERBERT L. AXELRAD NORMAN DAVID BAILEY ROBERT M. BALDASSARI LEONARD O. BALLARD EDGAR D. JR. BALMES VERNON R. BARRETT PETER BARTLER JOHN C. BAU LAWRENCE BEGOUN SHERWIN T. BEIMDIEK DONALD U. BENJAMIN JEROME BERKE PERRY M. BESSER DANIEL F. BIDWILL WILLIAM V. BLANCHARD WILLIAM K. BODE KEITH F. BOLING ROIIERT C. BOLLMAN ROBERT M. BORNS CLARENCE BOROVSKY HERBERT L. BRAZITIS GEORGE E. BRODIE DOROTHY JANE BURNS MICHAEL A. BURNS ROBIN CAPLAN FRED M. CARMIEN DONALD C. CERNE WENCE E. JR. CHATZ ROBERT B. CHAVERIAT JOHN W. CHERNAK JOHN A. CHRISTIAN RICHARD C. CITRIN PHILLIP M. CoDo NORMAN F. CONDON JAMES G. COOK EARL D. COPENHAVER WILLIAM H. COTTLE WILLIAM R. CRAMPTON GEORGE W. Moline CROWN JOHN J. DALY JOHN F. Ill DEMICHELIS ROBERT J. DEVINE JOHN J. Dix KATHRYN S. DOLEJS RICHARD A. DOOLEY JAMES PATRICK JR. DRUGAS CONSTANTINE G. DRURY SIDNEY H. EBERT ARTHUR L. JR. EDWARDS RAYMOND . EISENBERG DONALD S. ELKIN SIDNEY ELLIS BERNARD M. ELMAN BARRY D. ERKES DONALD H. FALASZ JOHN M. JR. FALKENBERG CHARLES V. JR. FARGO DAVID L. FELDMAN GILBERT FELTMAN JEROME M. FIELDS MARSHALL G. FLACK CHARLES H . FLYNN JOHN L. FOLKERS FRANK G. Fox EDWARD J. FRANK BERNARD A. FRAZIN JULIAN J. FULLER JOHN G. GILBERT ALICE L. GILL FRANKLIN E. JR. GILLIES DONALD A. GIMBEL LOWELL L. GOFFER AKIVA GooD WILLIAM E. GOODMAN BARRY F. GORDON SHELDON M . GoRR CARL HENRY GOULD ARTHUR . GRADY JOHN F. GRAHAM FLORENCE R. GREENBAUM NEIL GREENSWEIG BERNARD GRIMSHAW THOMAS T. GROSS JAY . GROSSHANDLER STANLEY GRossMAN ALLAN F. GROSSMAN FREDRIC J. HABERMAN MORTON J. HAIMES ARTHUR M. HALL ALBERT L. JR. HALPER HARRY ROBERT HALPERN RALPH HANEY ALVIS . HARLAN M. SCRIBNER II HARTNETT GEORGE F. JR. HAWKES HARRIET M. HAYNER JOHN A. HECTOR LOUIS G. HELMAN ROBERT A. HELMS WILLIAM R. HERMAN LAWRENCE HOLM PHILLIP H. HOWARD ROBERT W . HUBER DONALD KEITH HUGHES DANIEL L. IKEDA JIRO ISHIDA LINCOLN JACKER RICHARD E. JACKSON ROGER N. JAKALA STANLEY JOHNSEN ROBERT EDGAR JR. JOHNSON ROBERT M. JONAS RALPH JOSEPH RONALD LEE KACHERES GEORGE LOUIS KAGANIEC HENRY J. KAHN JULIAN KALANTZAKOS SPEROS P. KAPLAN JEROME KAPLAN STUART M. KARACIC THOMAS J. KARONES JOHN G. KEEGAN DAVID C. Elgin KELLY EDWARD J. JR. KELM GEORGE KIDSTON MARLOWE M. KIM YOUNG SONG KINTZLER ROBERT L. KLEIMAN BERNARD KOLIIE WILLIAM FISKE KoMIE LOWELL B. KOPALD NoEL S. KOSIN DONALD G. Berwyn KRAUSE JOHN A. Aurora KURLANDER DONALD J. KUSHNER BEATRICE G. LAMET JEROME S. LAPPING NORMAN E. LARRY JAMES D. LEEB THEODORE L. LEMASTER CHARLES R. LEONARD JOHN PATRICK LESLIE MELVIN E. LEVINE ALFRED H . LEVINE HAROLD . LEVINSON DAVID JR. LEVY GERALD J. LEVY JERRY LEWIS RAYMO 'D LIDMAN JAMES R. LIEBERMAN LYLE D. LIEBERMAN MYRON LINDGREN WILLIAM D. LINDRUP ALICE R. LINTZ STANLEY M. LOEFFLER JAMES J. LOWENTHAL GENE A. LUNGMUS JOHN B. LURIE WILLIAM L. MAGIDSON WILLIAM H. MAJEWSKI CHESTER P. MALONEY THOMAS H. MANDEL MARTHA P. MANGLER ROBERT J. MANILOW FLOYD B. MARGETIS NICHOLAS M. MARKFIELD ARNOLD H. MARKS JEROME MARKS MERTON E. MARKS RICHARD J. MARKS STANFORD O. MARRINSON ALLEN J. MASLOW RICHARD N. MATZ EDWARD D. JR. MAXWELL RICHARD L. MAYER RICHARD H. MCDERMID HAROLD E. McFADDEN JmIN . McGEHEE LAYNE N. McNAMARA THOMAS W. McNITT JOSEPH E. McNuLTY JoHN W. MILLER RALPH W. JR. MINUSKIN MYRON MIRRIELEES DONALD F . MITCHELL SHELDON Mix B. JoHN JR. MOLTZ MARSHALL J. MOOR ARTHUR R. MOORE JOHN L. MooRE RICHARD G. MORSCH THOMAS H. MULLIGAN STEPHEN R. MUNRO ALEXANDER W. JR. MURPI·IY JAMES D . JR. MURPHY JOHN J. MYERS WILLIAM J. NARUSIS BERNARD V. NATHAN GILBERT NATHAN RICHARD E. NELSON STEBBINS NoTZ JOHN K. JR. NoTZ JohN ROBERT JR. O'CONNELL RICHARD P OLIFF JAY R. OLIVER ROBERT J. OLSON RONALD WAYNE Ossey MARSHALL DAVID OSTROWSKI LEO A. W. OZMON NAT P. PAGLIARI JOSEPH L. PAPPAS CONSTANTINE P. PATTERSON GERALD . PAUKER DAVID H. PAULSON FORD R. PAVALON EUGENE PEKOW EUGENE PETERSEN DONALD S. PETROS ANDREW J. PHARES DONALD PICKREL JAMES V. PIHL BOLGER MATTHEW JR. Pono GEORGE O. JR. POWERS DONALD H. RESNICK MORTON A. REVENAUGH ROBERT PAUL REYES MANUEL RICHARDSON JAMES E. ROCKWELL JUSTIN R. ROLLEY ELIAS . JR. ROSENBLOOM ALVIN D. ROTH GERALD . SADLEK LAWRENCE A. JR. SAFADY RICHARD J. SAGAN VINCENT R. SAMUELSEN GENE H. SAUNDERS RAYMOND E. SCHAFFER DAVID S. SCHAFFNER BURTON L. SCHMIDT JOHN N. SCHNELL ROSEMARY J. SCHWARTZ GLENN ARTHUR ScoBELL RICHARD H. SENNE JOHN D. JR. SEVIN NORMAN M. SHANE ROBERT SHELLY JOSEPH D. SHEPP EUGENE LOWELL SIEGEL ALBERT SIEGER DONALD F. SILFEN STUART A. SILVERMAN MARVIN SINGER ALVIN SINSON JUNIE LATINO SLONAKER JOHN . SMITH MARY F. SMITH NED A. SMITH RAY J. SNITOFF LEE J. SOCHA DANIEL C. P. SOLL LEON BERNARD SOUTHERN ROBERT A. SOWERS DON M. SOWLE CLAUDE R. III SPAETH ANTON P. SPAK THEODORE STANLEY FRANK C. JR. STAVRIANOS NICHOLAS STEINBERG ALLAN R. STERN AsHER STERN HAMILTON STEVENSON EDGAR M. JR. STONE M. RONALD STROEMER RICHARD H. SULLIVAN J. STACY JR. SWEENEY JAMES R. TENNANT W LLIAM S. TIERNAN EUGENE . TIGERMAN BERT Z. TIONGSON CASIANO M. TUCKER ROBERT LEE TULLIS ROBERT W. UM MIN YUNG VALENTINE FREDERICK L. VAN LEER OSCAR J. VAN SICKLE JAMES E. VARGO RICHARD G. WALTERS MELVIN WANG HUAI MING WASNESKI EARL J. .WEINER STEPHEN F. WHITCUP LEONARD . WHITLOCK LYNDON J . III WHITMAN WINSLOW WILK BARRY R. WILLARD WARREN W. WINGERSKY MELVIN F. Wiss ROBERT E. WOLFF AARON S. WOLIN HARRY WOODSIDE WILLIAM S. WYNKOOP WALKER E. YONETSU KAZUKO ZACZEK LESTER C. ZAK LEONARD E. ZENOFF ELYCE H. ZWICK BENJAMIN F. ZWICK SIDNEY B. INDEX Abbott Hall Admission Alumni Association Applica Bookstore Buildings Calendar Coif Order Combined Courses Curriculum Degrees Deposit Employment Examinations Faculty Fees Fellowships Financial Foundations Founding Law School Fraternities Funds Gary Elbert H. Library Grades Health Honors Journal Air Law Commerce Journal Criminal Law Criminology Police Science Junior Bar Association Legal Legal Library Elbert H. Gary Limitation Linthicum Charles Clarence Foundation Loan Location Law School Military Mimeograph Northwes University Law Review Officers Trustees Origin Pictures Placement Prelegal Prizes Program School Publications Raymond James Nelson Anna Louise Foundation Rebates Refunds Register Rosenthal Julius Foundation Schedules Scholarships Special Staff Student Teaching Thatcher Frank H. Memorial Fund Towle Henry Sargent Memorial Fund Trustees Tuition Veterans' Wigmore Withdrawals SUMMER SESSION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW