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II

NOVEMBER, 1903

NUMBER

3

BULLETIN
OF

NOR TH WESTERN
UNIVERSITY
CONTENTS
Dedicatory Exercises, Northwestern University
Professional School Building, Chicago.
I.

HISTORY OF THE BUILDING
PROFESSOR ROBERT

PAGE

D.

3
SHEPPARD.

II. ADDRESS ON PRESENTING THE KEYS OF THE BUILD·
ING TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY
8
HON. OLIVER H. HORTON,

First Vice President Board of Trustees.

III . ADDRESS ON A CC EPTING
BUILDING

THE KEYS OF THE

9

P RF: STDF. NT EDM UND J. JAME S.

IV.

THE PLACE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE MODERN
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
17

ADDRESS:

ARTHUR

TWINING HADLEY,
PRF.S!OF.NT OF Y ALF. UNI V F.RSITY.

EVANSTON-CHICAGO
PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY

��THE DEDICATION of
the PROFESSIONAL
SCHOOL BUILDING
of NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY
January 27-28, 1903

t
FOUNDERS' DAY ADDRESS BY
PRESIDENT ARTHUR T. HADLEY
OF YALE UNIVERSITY, ON

"THE I'LA CE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY."

BRIEF ADDRESSES AT THE DEDICATORY
EXERCISES BY PROFESSOR ROBERT D.
SHEPPARD, HON. OLIVER H . HORTON,
AND PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMES OF
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

�NORTHWESTERN U NIVERSITY BUILDING
LAKE AKD DEARBORN STREETS, CHICAGO

�T~H E

D E D I CAT I O N

O F TH E

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING.
CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTY-SECOND ANNIVERSARY
OF FOUNDERS' DAY.
The celebration of Founders' Day by Northwestern University on January 28th, 1903, was made more significant
than usual by the exercises attendant upon the dedication of
the professional school building at the southeast corner of
Lake and Dearborn stre·ets, Chicago.
The program of the celebration included t:he alumni
banquet o.n the evening of January 27th, the formal dedication of the professional school building at three o'clock the
following afternoon in the Assembly Hall on the second floor;
a reception to President Hadley of Yale University in the
Law School and inspection of the building, and on the same
evening at 0-ight o'clock in the Auditorium, Chicago, the
Founders' Day Address by President Hadley on the subject.
·" The Place of the Professional School in the Modern American University." The address was p1'eceded by the conferring of honorary degrees upon J-ames Barr Ames, dean of
the Harvard Law School; Albert Benjamin Prescott, dean
of the School of Pharmacy of the University of Michigan;
William Williams Keen, professor of surgery in Jefferson
Medical College, and Edward Cameron Kirk, dean of the
Dental School of the University of Pennsylvania.
Nearly two hundred persons were present at the banquet
at the Auditorium Hotel on the evening of the 27th. Professor Charles M. Stuart of Garrett Biblical Institute acted
.as toastmaster and responses wer-e made by Arthur R.
Edwards, for th·e Medical School, Mitchell D. Follansbee for
the Law School, Robert L . Cumnock for the School of
•Oratory, Horace Butterworth for the Department of Athletics, and hy the four gentlemen who received honorary
-degrees on the following day.
1

�The dedicatory e,xercises were held in the Ass embly Hatr
of the professional school building at three o'clock on theafternoon of the 28th, and consisted of the following program:
Hymn, "Lobe den H errn" . (Univ er s ity Chapel Se rvice, p. 19 )
In vocation .... .. ............ . . ... Professor Amos W. Patten.
R esponsive Reading .. . .. ( Chapel Service, p. 12, Selection 11)
Solo, "In Diesen H eiligen Hall en" ... ..... Mr. Harry Parsons
Historical Statement . . . .... . .... . . Rob e11t D. Sheppard, D. D.
Presentation of the K,e ys ....... . ... ... . Hon Oliver H . Horton
Respons·e ... ..... . ..... . ...... .. President Edmund J. James
Addresses ....... By Representatives from Other Universities.

2

�HISTORY OF THE BUILDING.
Address by Professor R. D. Sheppard.

"The appropriate housing of some of our ,d epar.tmentsthat is the occasion of our celebration today-is deeply involved in the history of these schools and is a notable step
in their bright progression. The attempt to teach the subjects for which they stand was a part of the original program
,of the founders of Northwestern University b'efore Bven a foot
of land was acquired, or one stone of her buildings was laid.
We are gathered today almost within a stone's throw of the
spot wh-e re, in 1850, a few devoted and far-sighted men set on
foot the project of Northwestern University that aimed to
teach all learnin,g. They were men of boundless faith, men
of statesmanlike conception and generous of their limited
means. They believed that time was on their side, and that
the acorn which they were p!aTuting would be an oak in the
century to come, but th·e y hardly conceived that the successor
of what was then the palatial hotel of the city of Chicago
would be the home of three of their coming schools and . the
headquarters of ·e ducational influence in the city and its tributary territory. Nevertheless, this wild fancy has been realized. They labored and we have ·e ntered into their labors.
Let us not forget in, our march of progress, and chiefly so
near to Founders' Day, that our direotion was given and our
pace was set in a clingy law office near at hand, i111 1850, by
as sturdy, far-sighted and s-elf-sacrificing a body of men as
ever founded a state or projected a great public ·e nterprise.
Our Law School was begun in 1859; our School of Pharmacy came under our care in 1884; our Dental School was begun in 1891. The beginnings were small: a few teachers, with
the root of the matter in them, and with a few facilities welcomed the men who sought their aid. Without a permanent
abiding place, in cramped an•d often dingy quarters, moving
often, they kept on their way, instructing students, making
history, gathering a body of a lumni, forcing, by their own
growth ,a nd aspirations upon the institution that ha-d fostered
them, the idea that they were no sickly children destined to
an early death, but vigorous members of the university househo1d , with the garments of youth outworn, which needed to
3

�be replaced with the garments of maturity; and that they
ne·eded above all a permanentt abiding plac·e, about which the
associations of home might gather. To my personal knowledge, four different locations-and I know not how many more
-have housed the Law School; four, the Dental School; two,
the School of Pharmacy. They were in a sens-e educational
tramps. The condition did not suggest permanence. It was
not a comfortable or creditable coml.ition. Still, we were doing the best we could under th·e circumstances, looking for
better days, with an eye, as we someti::nes say, to the main
chance.
In the mid.winter meeting of the Board of Trustees held
March 15, 1900, the subject of the professional schools was the
chief topic of discussion. Representatives of the various schools
were given the floor. My own contribution to the subject was
the suggestion that so far as possible for the efficiency of administration, for economy at various points, and for the impression that they would unitedly make on the intellectual
life of the city, as well as for the enhancement of the influence of the University, they should be housed. under a .single
roof. I only spoke that for which I hoped and dreamed. I
have dreamed much that has not been realized. But it was
not long before the famous old Tremont House was in the market_ It had come to the notice of James B. Hobbs, than whom
no clearer head or warmer .heart was ever enlisted in the
institutions of the church he loves, in this part of the world.
He said to me, " Sheppard, this is what you have beelll looking for, and you can compass its purchase." I thanked him for
his S1J1ggestion, was skeptical of his conclusion, and promised
to think th·e matter over. I roamed so frequently over the old
building that the police authorities had me under suspicion,
and the possibilities of its use and purposes gr ew upon me.
I ,s ecured an option for its purchase early in March, ·1901, and
mad€ a pilgrimage to the winter home of Mr. Deering, the
president of the Board of Trustees. I unfolded my dream and
my method of financing the enterprise. He listened in his
kindly critical way and approved, and backed his judgment
with his accustomed liberality, and offered twenty-five thousand dollars to help on the work, and thus gave the sche::ne
the impuls·e which made it possible, as he has impelled every
other gr eat scheme in which the University was interested
that commended itself to his judgment-great-hearted, clearh eaded, generous-handed man that he is: may he continue
long with us to watch and guide our progress. I visited New
4

�York, and consulted Mr. N. W. Harris, who heartily approved,
and on the 15th of March, at a sp·ecial meeting of the Board ot
Trustees, I repeated what h·a d been done, set forth my plan
of financing th·e enterprise, suggested the value and uses of
this property to us, and was authorized to consummate
purchas-e for $500,000. It was then in use as a hotel and the
lease had some time run. Arrangements were made for
early possession, and plans for adaptation of the building
were undertaken by the Univer sity architects, D. H. Burnham &amp; Company. I need not tell you of the plans which mi scarried of enlisting the First M. E. Church with us in the enterprise of building a great auditorium in connection with this
structure, or, the later attempt, to incorporate a great music
ha·ll for the .accom::nodation of the Thomas Orchestra and the
Central Church. That was a noble dream that did not com e
tnre, and from which I shrank when I found it could not be
unanimously supported by the Trustees. But let me say in
passing that I devoutly hope that in this bi-centennial year of
John Wesley's birth that dream may come true in connection
with the Clark Street property only two blocks away, where
our institution, in clos-e connection with a great institutional
church, may employ the adjunct of a great central hall in
wielding a mighty intellectual influence on the life of this metropolis.
It was not until March, 1902, that we secured possession
of the property, and plans were adopted involving the expenditure of over $170,000 for th·e exclusive accommodation of
the Schools of Law, Pharmacy and Dentistry. Mr. John R.
Lindgren and Mr. ViT. A. Dyche were associated with me on
the Building Committee and rendered invaluable service.
From time to time, as the work developed, the plans were enlarged, until, with the n eedful equipment of laboratories and
furnishing of the building with needed stationary apparatus, our expe'll-diture has aggregated $280,000. Difficulties of constructio!l confronted us a:s the work progressed, which could not be foresee11. Controvers ies of co.ifiicting trades worked long delay an'Cl! the cancelling of some
contracts and the increasing of expenses. Unusual dtJman.:'ls
of the City Building department caused revision of other contracts at added expense. The whole interior of the building,
,boun·d together as it -was by trusses and upheld by partitions
and hearing walls, had to be supported by a steel constrnetion from the ground up, displacing all the former support,,
from the floor to the roof. A n-ew seventh story had to be cou5

�s tructed for the use of the anatomical de partme nt of the Dent al '3 chool. The steam plant 'nacl t o be made entirely new;
the plumbing likewis e, and unusu al quantitie s of it to meet
th e demands of the laboratories ; n e w elect; k wiring : n e,Y
floor s, n ew plastering; ne w elevators were r equired; indeed,
nearly all s ave th e ·e xt erior walls of th e building, may be said
to be a n ew construction with spacious stories and s pecially
adapted to the needs and growth of our great schools for
many years to come. Indeed, wh·en you estimat•) the capacity
of this building, you will find that it is e quival.:mt to six college buildings 160 by 180 feet and containing about 23,000
s quare feet each, allowing for a gr eat court in t.h e center of
ea,ch buihling, and another building 60 by 160 containing
a bout 10,000 square fe et.
H er e the chief administrative officer can keep in close
touch with the city departments of the University and with
th e intellect ual and ·e ducational life of the city, and here we
can, as we have frequently clone thus far, extend the hospita lity of the Univer sity to learil'ecl s ocieti es and institutions
that need a place of m eeting and conference. Marvelous us es
a nd adaptations of this home of our schools, I verily believe.
will frequ ently appear a s the years go by. In this central construction, so accessible by all the intramural means of travel
in our city, we may stand for a beacon of learning and all that
relates to it, where every ·e ye can see.
It has b·e en a matter of r emark by property interests that,
by our improvements and activities in this neighborhood, we
have ·enhanced values n early 100 per cent-I hope the assessor will not be apprised of this fact, however. Indeed, if some
brave capitalist should offer us $1,500,000 for this property, I
should be dispo sed to commend his judgment of property value s, though it is not for sale.
But best of all in this connection is the publicity and
permanence attaching to our schools . The professional men
of the next generation, products of thes-e schools, can make
frequent visits to their alma mater without inconvenience),
gaze, with delighted memory on the benches they so often
mutilated, and live ove r again the years of hard work that
mad·e men of them, and uphold with their increasing influence, because of th•e ir added interest, the power of the University for good. Our loyal professors need no longer be trampeducators, but with a settled habitation and home, they may
be assured that their scholarship and labor are associate d
with an institution that is here to stay. We celebrate today
6

�th·e passing of the Tremont House, grand old hostelry, commensurate in its existence only with the life of the city of
which it was an ornament. On its register, what a catalogue
of names has been inscribed; through its spacious corr.dors
what a mdghty procession -o f people hrus pas;,ed; from its
balconies, what oratory has been heard; in its banqueti ng
halls, what luxurious feasts have been sp r ead! But its day
is ove r. "NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING" is
inscribed over its portals. The register is still here, but it is
a r egister of hungry students. Instead of the heavy footfall of
weary travelers upon the marble floor seeking refreshment,
I hear the quick tread of ·eager youth thronging to the scenes
of study. The banqueting halls have given place to the library, the lecture room and the laboratories. The same old flag
waves from the flag-staff but the n eeds of the body of American citizens have heen di splaced beneath it by the n eeds of
the mind and th e spirit.
Farewell, old Tremont. Hail, for generations to come,
"Northwestern University Building!"

7

�ADDRESS ON PRESENTING THE KEYS OF THE BUILDING TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY.

Hon. Oliver H. Horton, First Vice President of the Board of
Trustees.

"ViTith an ·e arnest desire to see the dental, law and pharmaceutical schools properly hou sed and pr ovided with all necess ary appointments and accessories, the Trust ees have provided
for their use this great building, with its furni shings, at a cost
of about $900,000. Nearly 1,000 young m8n assemble daily
within th ese halls. ,¥hen location and surroundings and the
opportunities presented for special investigation, obs·ervation
and practice are considered in connection with this buiidin:s
and its magnificent appointments and capacity, \t may he
doubted wh0ther any other such schools are any better, if as
well, provided for or equippe d.
And now, Mr. President, by the authority and in the name
of the Trustees of Northwestern University, I pres0nt to you
the keys of these halls as an emblem of the added responsibility resting upon you. We have no h·e sitation in doing so,
because we doubt not your -qualification or your de,·otion to
the interests we represent."

8

�ADDRESS OF ACCEPTANCE.
President Edmund J. Jame s of Northwestern University.

Mr. Chairman, Colleagues, and Friends:
In the na;:ue of the Faculties of Northwestern University
I accept the trust which these keys symbolize and on their behalf I feel that I can pledge to the fullest extent their hearty
co-operation in administering the trust thus accepted.. The
completion of this building and its dedication to university
purposes is an ·e vent fu ll of th·e deepest significance and importance, not only for those of us who are here today, but for
that long line of m en and women who will succe·e d us in thcJ
administration of this trust and for the community in w11ic'h
thi-s institution is located and the country which it serve3. 'I'he
creation and administration of this building represent in a
very striking way the co-operation between two important
factors in the life of every American university-the Trustees and Faculties. The idea of acquiring this building originated, I understand, not with a memb'er of the Faculty, but
with a member of the Trustees. It was, thanks to the foresight, initiative enterpris e, energy and co-operation of the
Trustees, that this work has been carried through to the magnificent succ ess which greets us today. The immediate ·execution and supervision of the work, however, was entrusted to a
man who represents in himself at once the qualities of a
Trustee and m emb er of the Faculty. And I am sure that I
am only voicing the opinion of the Trustees, as well as of the
Faculties, when I expr ess in this formal way the appreciation
of every · member of this University for the devoted service
of Dr. Rob'ert D. Sheppard. He as chairman of the building committee, has actually proposed and carried through the
plans which the Trustees endorsed and authorized. Tlhe work
of Northwestern University is certainly quite as much the
result of the devoted sacrifices and toil of th·e members of
the Board of Trustees as it is of the efforts and labors of tiie
Faculti'es. And on behalf of the Faculties, I feel i·.hat I may
express to our Board of Trustees the hearty appreciation of
their services on behalf of this institution.
I remember asking President Eliot of Harvard University
9

�years ago what h·e considered as the most important element
in bringing about the wonderful success which stands forth
today as the result of his efforts as President of Harvard University. "I think the greatest element," he said, "has been
the co-operation and support in the corporation of the University of a number of men whose untiring industry and devotion to the University, whose sood judgment, whose energetic
efforts on its b'ehalf have made possible the results of the
last thirty years of development." Northwestern University
has also been fortunate in its Trustees. We have several
men on our Board who for more than twenty-five years have
given, lavishly of their time and strength.
,¥e regret today on this great occasion the absence of
the President of the Board of Trustees, Mr. William Deering,
a man who for more than a quarter of a century has carried
Northwestern University on his mind and heart as one of the
objects of his greatest interest and care and thought. It is
not simply that he has given his money, which we have needed badly enough and which he has contributed liberally, but
that year in and year out he has given to the University a.
thought, a service, without which it could not have accomplished its present results.
Nor on this fifty-second anniversary of Founders' Day
should we forget the devotion and sacrifice of thos-e early
men who laid broad and deep the foundation upon which we·
are building. They sowed, we are reaping. They planned ancl:
toiled and we are entering into the results of their labors.
The only return we can make to them is to plan still more
largely and to toil still more unremittingly that those who
come after us may have a still greater privilege.
Northwestern University represents in its growth one of
the typical forms of -development of t':le modern American
university. It was begun as a col\.ege department-a College
of Liberal Arts-with a four years' course, granting the degr-ee of Bachelor of Arts, and around this has grown up as
around a nucleus a group of other schools of more or less
im1portance. Some of .them owe t'iieir orig,i nal existence to
the initiative of the University Board of Trustees. Oth·ers.
have grown up in the first place as independent schools and
then subsequently have been taken into the university syslem, and have thus become an integral part of the institution.
It may from one point of view be compared with our federal
system of government, in which the various faculties or departments may be compared with the different states as they
10

�were at the time the American Union was formed, ·e ach with
its own independent powers, with its own independent sph·e re
of action and function, with its own means of government,
and yet all co:nbined in one institution. Like the American
Union at the outset, it was a mere feileration, the emphasis
lying in the constitu-ent elements of the Union, rather than
in the new body created by the union of the different elements.
Like the American Union of today there has occurred a
steady shifting of the center of thought from these constituent elements to the ·one great result-the organic creation
of which these are now in a true sense parts. And it is
only within a comparatively recent time that the real university spirit has begun to s'how itself-&lt;a spirit test,ifying to
the real soul within the body.
We are, therefore, today an institution with a college department as the nucleus, the foundation, and a group of ·professional schools growing up about it, becoming ever more intimately associated with it and with one another in this new
and higher life of the University. The process is not by any
means complete. We are living in the very midst of it. Th~
erection of this buiMing, however, its occupancy by three
of our professional schools, its ·e vident usefulness to all d·epartments of the University, typifies and shadows forth a new
stage into w·hi-ch thi,s University is entering-a stage from
which the true University may be expected to emerge. It has
not been a very long time since most of tl113 colleges looked
upon the professional schools as mere appendages, and sometimes unwelcome appendages, to the real institution, which to
their minjs consisted only of the college. It has not been so
very long since the University Board of Trustees looked upon
the professional school as a department which ought to defray
not only its expense,s, but ought to yicln a surplus or net
revenue for the use of gen-e ra! university purposes which
they thought of as identical with the college of liberal arts.
It is safe to say that that time has passed away. We see
with p·e rfect clearness today that if we wish to make a thoroughly good law school, equipped for the best kind of work
which we should like to see characteristic of all departments
of Northwestern University, we must be prepared to obtain
endowments for the 1law school exactly as- for the college.
We have had striking evidence within the last four or five
years throughout the country that if we propose to enable
our medical school to hold in the future the same high relative position which it has held in the past, we must be pre11

�pared to expend money upon • its equipment, upon its salary
list, upon its libraries and laboratories, in exactly the same
way as we expend money on a college department and graduate schools and technical schools.
The day of the old form of the proprieury professional
school has passed away. The day when a few men who
liked the sound of the word "professor" could unite themselves into a Faculty and, be,cause of the ·e xtra practice which
such a prominence gave them and which the increased acquaintance with students brought them, could give their time
to the school free of charge and thus build up a satisfactory
school, has pass·e d away. The day has passed away when
men can organize such schools with the idea of obtaini:n.g a
large pecuniary return such as came to the members of
faculties -Orf so;ne sc'hoo.Js in the early days. When the community decided to take away from the professional school
the power of conferring upon its .graduates a licens·e to practice, it took one of the most important steps in the way of
improving the conditions of professional education which
have ever been taken. For by so doing it ,gave to the school
which was willing to provide adequate facilities for the education of the student that patronage which in the interest of
society it should have.
And with this new ·e ra has come a change quite as
remarkable in the attitude of the professional student toward
the institution where he pursues his professional work. The
professional student down to within a very short time acted
toward the professional school as one might suppose he
would act toward an institution the members of whose faculti-es assumed the attitude of the old-fashioned professional
instructor. He looked upon the professional school as a
place to buy something which h·e wanted. He felt that his
duty was clone fully sattsfied, when 'he paid his money, in
return for which he received certain instruction-with a
very similar spirit to that which you or I have when we go
into a corner grocery and deposit a quarter for a pound of
fish or a package of sugar. We have no other feeling than
that of mere business. This was the relation of the professional student toward his institution, but with every
approach of the professional school to the university and the
university spirit, with every union among professional
schools and colleg.e s into a un.iversity, has come a tendency
to take a new and higher view of one's relation toward the
institution. An ethical relation is immediately establshe1J
12

�between the institution and· the student who enters t'.i:J.e
confines of the university-a relation whose influence for
good is beyond the power of calculation. We believe
that we see already in the few short weeks th,a.t have elapseJ
since this building was opened for work a marked change
in the attitude of the students of our professional schools
toward the students in other departments, toward the school
itself toward the university as a whole. And we conficlentl:\i
believe that this attitude is destined to grow more and moro
into that of a loving son toward a cherishing mother-a
feeling of indebtedness on one side, a similar de,s ire to do
service on the other-a relation out of which will spring a
higher -e thical standard-a far more efficient professional
equipment and far more ideal relation toward all one's 'Cluties
inside and outside of the university.
The relative advantages of univ-ersities located in small
towns and in large cities have often been discussed. I presume that the discussion wiH continue as long as some institutions are in great citi-es and some are in small country
towns. There are undoubtedly distinct advantages associated
with both types of institution, and so far as I s-ee the only
sensible thing for any institution to do is to ex:ploit its
particular advantages in such a way as to do the largest
possible s-e rvice to the community in which it is located.
The fact that nearly three thousand students have registered
for work in the degree giving departments of Northwestern
during the present academic year and that nearly another
thousand have registered for work in the preparatory school
and co-operating schools of the University is an ample
demonstration that this institution is doing a great and
useful and needeJ service. It must by the law of its own
life, develop in the most complete way, equip itself for the
very highest service of which it is capable. I do not know
what the future may have in store for us as to the location
of our various departments. They may remain, some as they
are in the heart of this great city-some in that most beautiful of suburban cities-Evanston. The development of this
institution may, however, make it desirable to locate them
elsewhere, but I am confident that we shall he able to meet
each particular problem as it presents itself successfully. I
am confident that we can not only maintain the existing
standards of ·existing departments, but that we can improve,
we can raise these standards, we can improve the facilities,
we can add to. these departments until we have in every
13

�respect a w ell rounded and complete institution, fully organized for the highest quality of work. We are at present a
city university. vVe have the advantages and the disadvantages of such a school. It has been to a certain extent imposed upon us by a development of which our predecessors
were largely unconscious. Ours it is to take up the multiform problems which present themselves in every one of
these departments, and in the 'llew departments which shall
be added, and give to them that faithful care, continuous
attention which will insure the best results.
I may say to the people of this community who are
interested in our welfare and who are watching our development with sympathy, and who will come to our support in
proportion as we do our duty, that we can pledge to them our
best servic'e, not simply in making this building the center
of a great group of educational forces of every kind which
shall serve this community, but in erecting new buildings,
in planning n e w departments, in extending still further the
facilities which we have created and opportunities which are
opening before us . 'i1/e extend to our Board of Trustees again
our :nost cordial thanks, and bespeak their co-operation and
support in this good work to which they have called us,
which we have assumed and which thereby is becoming a
common burden and common responsibility. And whatever
glory or honor may r esult will be a common glory and common honor to trustees and faculties alike.
It wou ld hardly be proper to close my remarks without at
least a word of congratulation to the students who are privlleged to find the facilities for their work in this great building, with this magnificent equipment, in this convenient location. I believe it is not too much to say that no law school
in the heart of any great city in the world is hetter housed,
better located, better equipped, not merely for profes-s ional
study and professional work, but for the cultivation of those
finer sides of academic life which spring from the association
in oll'e great institution of so many young men of many
different minds and many different trainings_
There are advantages, of course, in a law school situated
in the country. Th·ere are other and great advantages in
the law school located in the heart of a great city, in the
pulsating life of the community of which th·e se young men
will so soon be a part, in a great center of the courts of
justice and legal libraries and business of the community,
where aH these influences by their subtle forces can work

14

�-

in upon the mind of the young man and develop him to the
ll.ighest point of his usefulness; and these advantages-such
as they are, are ours; for our school and this location.
Certainly a mere glanc·e at the great clinic room on th-3
'Sixth floor and an exa·: nination of the lecture rooms and
laboratories grouped about that instrumentality will be sufficient to convince anyone that no school in the vory heart
of a great city anywhere in the world is better equipped for
the most thorough sort of scientific and practical work than
the dental ·s chool in this building. There are certain advantages for the study of the sciences in the plan of uniting
the medical and dental stud·e nts. These peculiar advantages
are not curs. There are on the other hand still greater advantages in the system of providing separate faciliti-es for
the study of thes-e sciences, such as anatomy, physiology,
'etc., for the dental students. These are the advantages we
1&gt;ossess, and it is our duty to utilize them to the very fullest
-extent, to minimize their defects, to magnify their excellence, to work them in a word to the very fullest extent of
,our ability.
The men who have examined the faciliti-es which we
•offer in th·e School of Pharmacy tell me that they are not
surpassed by any other plant, by any other opportunities to
be found in the heart of a great city. If so, it is our duty
to utilize them in a way which will be of the largest advantage to the student. I feel, therefore, like congratulating
,our students upon the greater opportunities and facilities
which this building will offer to them in every department
of their work, and I have no doubt mys-elf that they will
Tespond to these increased facilities and opportuniti-es in a
new spirit, with a new vigor, and go out from us into the
.great world beyond prepared in a far more thorough way
than any of their predecessors for the r esponsibilities which
the life of the world will bring with it."

Brief congratulatory addresses w~r e made by repre·sentatives from other universities and schools, after which
the exerdses were concluded with a hymn and the benediction.

15

�In the evening at the Auditorium, before an audience·
numbering nearly four thousand, the degree of Doctor of·
Laws, honoris causa, was conferred upon eac·h of the following ]Jersons: James Barr Ames, Albert Benjamin Prescott,.
William Williams Keen, and the degree of Doctor of Science,.
honoris causa, upon Edward Cameron Kirk. After the con-·
ferring of degrees President Arthur Twining Hadley of Yale·
University delivered the address of the evening, his subject .
being, "The Place of the Professional School in the Modern.
American University."

Hi

�THE PLACE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE
MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY.
By Arthur Twining

Hadley, President of Yale University.

There are two traditioI\al conceptions of a universitythe German and the, English. The G-e rman regards it primarily as a group of professional schools. It has its three
faculties avowedly devoted to the instruction of candidates.
in theology, law and medicine; and a fourth facu lty, which
until the last century was a sort of college of arts, designed
to prepare the pupil for these professional schools, but which
has now become a department of philosophy, intendeJ1 for
the training of t eache-rs and investigators. To an institution
which has these four faculties the German gives the na:ne
"university"; to one which does not possess them he denies.
the, right to the name.
Opposed to this is the English conception, which takes
little or no account of professional education. The Engli.shman regards the university as a place where, to quote the
woris of President Wilson, " many are traine,J, to the love of
letters and science, and a few to their successful pursuit."
A college or group of colleges which does thiJ is regarded
as obtaini.n g thereby the ri,:\"ht to the title "university." Pro
fession-al schools naturally tend to group themselves about
such colleges, but, in the opinion of those who hold the
English view, they are mere accidents of university development rather than its essential features.
I do not believe that either of these, views, in its extrem e
form, is correct. I would not, indeed, deny the title univers ity to an institution which was successfully conducted
either on the old Eng!is•h model or on the old German mo:l.el;.
but I b"elieve that in each case it would fall sh ort of the full
realization of what a university can be anj ought to be.
If it consists almost entirely of professional schools, it
tends to lose that spirit of idealis m which is important at all
times, and never more so than in America today, It becomes practical in the bad S'ense of the word rather than in
the good one. To a certain extent every univ ersity shoul ct
be practical. It shoujj adapt means to ends in education.

17

�It should show its students how to ,d'0 public service. But if
it goes one step farther and confines its attention to those
things which bring a visible r eturn, it does great harm.
It is essential to the future of the nation that there should
be men who look at the service rather than th·e rewardmen with whom things of sentiment count for just as much
as things of business; and it is perhaps the highest duty
-of the university, in its teaching of science and letters, of
morality and r eligion, to cultivate this way of looking at
things. If it fails to do this it will, in an old country like
'Germ any, become imbued with the spirit of officialism; in
a new country like America, with that of commercialism.
On the other hand, a university of the English type is
likely to fall into idealism in the bad sense of the word.
Ev-ery university should be dominated by ide,a lism to this
•extent: that it should be in spired by nobl e and far-reaching
motives , and shouh'!- inspire such motives in its students .
"But if this idea1ism becomes unpractical, and is made an excuse for not giving effect to thePe motives in the every-day
work of the world, it is bad. Without the infusion of a
strong ·e lement of profe,s sional study into university life, the
danger of this unpractical idealism becomes a serious one.
It is the duty of a university to teach disinterested service.
1f its at:nosphere becomes exclusively professional it teaches
'service, but not disinterestedness; if it becomes exclusively
non-professional it teaches ,d,i sinterestedsess but not service.
It is our problem to combine the two.
Fortunately, the American university ideal, so far as it has
been form ed, recognizes Ure need of this combination.
There was indeed a time, especially during th·e eighteenth
century, when American views were much narrower. The
·e arly American college was an attempt to reproduce, as far
as the circumstances admittecl, the colleges of Oxford and
of Cambridge, which constituted the type of higher education
most familiar to the majority of the colonists. The circumstances of organization differed wid•e ly in different colonies.
·Harvard was established on the basis of a legacy, .small ·b y
pres·e nt standard s , but for that day very large. William and
Mary was chartered by the state of Virginia and aided by
private subscription. Yale was the outcome of the co-operative effort of ministers in differnnt parts of Connecticut.
Princeton was the result of the organized activity of the
New York Presbytery. Columbia enjoyed the favor of a
Toya! charter and substantial a dvantages connected there18

�with. But all these clivergences of origin macle more notice-able the existence of a common type of stucly, common
methocls of government, ancl common purposes of trainingall on the English moclel.
The question i.q so:netimes asked whether these early
American colleges were intencled as copies of English institutions or as places of education for the ministry. The trueanswer probably is that the two went hand in hancl. To the·
mincls of the colonists, south a&lt;1 well as north, one of these
objects was bouncl up with the other. It is -significant that
William and Mary College, perhaps more indepenclent of
theological influences in its founclation than any other, was
the one in whose act of incorporation the purpose of ministerial training is most explicitly emphasized. Throughout
the whole of English-speaking America, in the periocl of
colonial organization , the clergy was the one profession in
whose ranks the need• for a consiclerable number of learnej
men was felt, ancl it was for that very reason also the ou-e
to whose hancls the direction of education was largely entrustecl.
Of special preparation for callings other than the ministry, these infant colleges did little or nothing. Our early
professional schools of law and medicine grew up somewhat
at random, wherever an able teacher or group of teachers
might happen to make their abiding place. Sometime-s
incleed, this would be in connection with a college, as was
the case with the schools of medicine which were founded
in Philadelphia and in N·ew York toward the close of the
eighteenth century, or the various professional schools which
grouped themselves about Harvard ancl Yale during the early
years of the nineteenth. Sorneti:nes they were connected
with acaclemies, as in the case of the meclical college at Fairfield, New York. Sometimes they stooj by themselves, wholly
independent o,f affiliations with any other school whatever.
like the celebrated law school at Litchfield, Connecticut.
The success of these institutions was to a singular
clegr-ee inclependent of their location. Fairfield Medical College was in an obscure village on the borders of the Adironclacks. Yet Fairfield, under the leadership of Dr. Willoughby,
could boast more stuclents than attended the lecture halls
in Boston, New York, or Philadelphia, and it not only trained
the bulk of its pupils for the practice of medicine, but turned
to the study of biological science a man like Asa Gray.
Even more conspicuous in its indepenclence of accessory ajjs
19

�was th e law school at Litchfield. Founded in a small country town, r emote from important cities or courts, it dep ended
fo r its streng th upon the per sonality of its two professors,
Judge R eeve and Judge Gould. It n ev-er was incorporated.
It appears t o have had no syst em of final examinations, a
week ly exa mination or r eview of the work constituting the
most definite t est which the school attempted to imposea nd this· a s a mean s of enabling the Qtudents to test their own
lm owledge, rather than to have it inspecteJ or certified from
outside. It n ever r eceived an endowment nor gav-e a deg r ee. For the first thir,,l of its existence, from 1782 to 1798,
there is no r ecord of the names of the students who attended
it . But of t hose who complet ed its cours,e of stud y during
the Temaining years of
its operation, sixteen became
United States Senators, fifty member,s of Congress, fort.,,judg es of 'nigher state courts, eight •chief justices of state -, ,
1Jwo justices of the United States Supreme Court, ten governors of s tates and five ca:binet ministers Tile .,ignificance of
these numbep.:; will ap•p ear when we remember that for the
period of greatest activity of the school this m1mber of
sixteen senators r epresented approximately half of the
United States Senate.
But while the history of these schools and their pupils
illu strates the possibilities of academic freedom , it also
illustrates i.n ·e qual measure how pr-e carious is the attainment of these possibilities and how wholly dependent on
the activity of one or two individuals. It is noticeable that
after the death of Judge Reeve the Litchfield Law School
produced no more Calhouns and Ellsworths and Claytons.
After Dr. Willoughby retired from active service of instruction Fairfiel,d Medical College sank at once from its position
of dominance to a place wholly secondary. The work of
these schools was the work of individuals, and subjected to
all the chances which attend the individual life anJ health.
However great might be their success at the moment, these
unorganizeJ.1 teaching institutions could not in the i!ong run
compete with others which had such organization and endowment as would give continuity ,t o their influence. Just
as in mediaeval times the brilliant instruction in the independent schools founded by men like Ab'elard was gradually
superseded by the formation of well developed universiU:es
with a local habitation and name and history, so in th·e
United States of AJmerica six centuries later, the professional school which derived its power from the single man

20

�-or group of men gave plac·e t o one whose collegiate conneet ion r ender ed its position a nd influence historic.
Even apart from th e n eed fo r such continuous history,
t her e was enough common ground of interest between the
,college and the professional school to make the concurrence
o f the two a mutual ,s timulus, if not an actual source of
economy. The colleges, being alr,e ady in some m easure
en dowed, could n ot be moved. Therefor e the professional
.s cho ols t end eJ1 to g r avitat e toward the colleges, either at
their inception or soon afterwards. For whatever be the
respe ctive weight of brains anJ of capital in the organ_ization of a university, the former is on the whole ·e asier to
move than the latter. Ther e was indeed a partial exception
in the cas e of divinity schools, which, being more fully ,endow ed than schools of medicine or of law, had their local
habitation correspondingly fixed. But in s pite of this
exception, the first half century of our national lif.e wit·n essed the group.ing of t'i:l.e professional school.a aroun,d foe
older colleges, espe cially where those colleges were located
in cities of considerable size. Columbia and Pennsylvania
both hruJ their department of m edicine before the close of
the last century, and a generation later there were not a few
institutions which haJ, in name at least, the apparatus of a
·university, with its four traditional faculties of law, theology,
medicine and arts . By the middle of the nineteenth century
:this combination of college and prof.easional sd:10ols had
become establish·e d as the typical American university. To
this type all our leading institutions-denominational or
_general, public or private-tended sooner or later to
gravitate.
The 'l)revalen,ce of this type and its essentia,l ·a daptation
to American condition s wer.e emphasized by the failure of
,,certain attempts to diverge to another type wherein college
·and professional schooLs shouM: be more closely combined.
'This combination of •c ollege and prof.essdonal irnstruction was
a favorite iclea of Thomas Jefferson; and in the establishment of the University of Virginia he obtained an excell~nt
,opportunity to realize this ideal. Ten professorships were
-establish·ed, whose character, when they are compared with
·those of any other contemporary institution in this country,
,shows clearly enough the trend of Jefferson's purposesfirst, ancient languages; second, modern languages; third,
pure mathematics; fourth, mathematical physics; fifth,
,chemistry and mineralogy; sixth, botany and zoology; sev-

21

�enth, anatomy and medicine; eighth, government; ninth,.
law; tenth, idiology-which is further defined as general
grammar, et'ilics, rhetoric, belles lettres and thie fine arts.
An even more conspicuous attempt to realize Jefferson's.
purposes and follow his ideas is found in the original territorial charter of the University of Michigan, which in its
way is a classical document, and whose opening I cannot
refrain from quoting in full.
"AN ACT to establish the Catholepistemiad, or University
of Michigania (1817).
Be it enacted by the Governor and the Judges of the,
Territory of Michigan , That ther.e shall be in the said Terri-

tory a Catholepistemiad, or University, denominated th·eCatholepistemiad or University of Michigania. The Catholepistemiad or Univer,;;ity of Michigania shall be com-·
posed of thirteen Didaxum, or Professorships; first, a
Didaxia, or Professorship of Cathole,pistemia, or universal
sci'ence, the Didactor or professor of which shall be President
of the institution; second, a Didaxia or professorship of Anthropoglossica, or literature, embracing all the Epistemum
or sciences relative to language; third, a Didaxia or professorship of Mathematica, or Mathematics; fourth, a Didaxia
or professorship of Physiognostica or Natural History; fifth,
a Didaxia or professorship of Physiosophica or Natural Philosophy; sixth, a Didaxia or professorship of Astronomia, or
Astronomy; seventh, a Didaxia or professorship of Chymia,
or Che:nistry; eighth, a Di&gt;J-axi-a or professorship Iatrica or
Med ical Sciences; ninth, a Didaxia or professorship of
u econo:nia, or Economical Sciences; -tenth, a Didaxia or professorship of Ethica, or Ethical Sciences; eleventh, a Didaxia
or professorship of Polemitactica, or Military Sciences ;
twelfth, a Didaxia or prof.essorship of Diegetica, or Historical
Sciences, and, thirteenth, a Didaxia or professorship of
Ennoeica, or Intellectual Sciences, embracing all the Epistemum or science relative to the minds of animals, to the
human mind, to spiritual existence, to the Deity, and to Religion; the Didactor or professor of which shall be Vice
President of the Institution ."
Yet Michigan, in spite of these ambitious preliminarie-s,
reverted to the old type where college and professional
school were aggrega,ted sid·e by side, rather than clos-ely
united with one another. And it is needless to tell an audience like this what unriva:leJ, work Michigan did on the ol,l
lines; while Virginia, which adh·ered to its original form of

22

�instruction and organization, r emained isolate d. Not only
did other im,titutions fail to follow its example, but its influ ence on the science and scholarship of the country
r emain ed far less than was exp·e cted. I do not wish to
ignore the high character and eminent services of that instit ut ion. It sent out a large numb er of excellent men, who
wer e well taught and who owed much to this teaching. But
all this merit of the university and of its gmduates only
ser ves to e mphasize its cardinal failure in that on which
Jefferson would have laid the most stress-its failur e to
assum e that position of leadership to which its organization
and resources seemed to entitle it. We may regard it as
settled by the logic of history that the American university,
for the pres ent at any rate, shall have both its school of
.arts as a center of ideaHsm and its several professional
schools as means of p,r actical realization of the ideals.
But there are equally i:nportant questions bearing on the
future of the professional schools, which are by no means
thus settled. One of these deals with the proper mefood of
-co-ordination between the different parts of a university.
:Shall we regard the college as a sort of preparatory department, through which all should, if possible, be made to pass
o efore they enter the professional schools? Or shall we
regard the different departments, collegiate and professiona:.
as existing side by side? For some kinds of professional
training this question answers itself. No institution, so far
as I am aware, tries to require a previous college course as
preliminary to taking up the study of engineering or technology. We have today many schools which furnish excellent courses of training for these professions, wherein the
acaJemic ,an,J the technical elements are skH!fully combined
-courses intended to give to the student breadth of interest,
while at the same time preparing him for the special needs
•of his subsequent career. To say that these things cannot
•effectively be combined anJ that it is impossible to unite the
education of the specialist with that of the gentleman, is
to ignore the work done by institutions like West Point and
Annapolis, not to speak of that of the many excellent technical schools which are scattered throughout the country. It
is to shut one's eyes to the history of the Sheffield and Lawr ence Sci-entific Schools, and of many of the most ·e fficient
departments of Cornell. Nay, the assimilat10n of collegiate
and of techn,i cal courses has become so close that it is impossible to say where one type ceases and the other begins.

23

�To quote the words of a keen obs·e rver of the trend of
d·e velopment in these matt.er s: " The differen ce between
collegiate and technical schools has become one of degree·
rath·e r than of kind."
It is only for the so-called "learne d" professions of
theology, law a nd medicine tha t the preliminary course in
college is anywhere demanded 'a s a prerequisite; and even
in these cases I believe that this r equirement is a mistake.
It perpetuates a ,,fiistinction between learnej and unlearned
which is contrary to the spirit of America:n institutions.
Its tendency is to shut out boys whose fathers have no,
money from the practice of th e callings which it affects. I
also believe that it will tend to lower the standard of our
collegiate degrees. For if we are to require a certain degree
of all c andidates for law or medicine, we ,s hall be under
constant pressure to reduce the requirement for that degree·
to the minimum which it is easy to eixact of ,a ll. Let the
preliminary ex31m,inations of our professional ,s chools be fixed
as high as may be necessary ; but let us not, in lieu of such
r eal r equirement, insist on preliminary residence at a col-·
legiate institution from thos,e who lack •e ither the mon ey or
the inclination to profit th er eby. An.J., let u s be permitted in
th e futur e, as we have been in the past, to construct our
collegiate -c ourses to ·: neet the n eeds of those who want them.
instead of reconstructing t.h em to meet th e neeJ:s of t'hose
who do not want them.
There• is a second question concerning th e position of
our professional s chools, less prominently in the for eground
of public discussion, but no less important. Shall we consider it their a im to prepar e men for practical service in
their -sever31l ca1lings? Or shall we regard them a s places of
r esearch, whose contribution to scientific progress furnishes.
their main justification and whose t eaching work is only
incid•e ntal ?
There was a time when the former object was kept in
view, often in ,t he most short-sighted fashion to the complete·
exclusion of the latter. Our early: schools of law and medicin e, and e,v en of th eology, were for the most part purely
technical in their character. They wer e intenjed to substitute a tra ining in the classroom for a part of that training
which a generation earlier the man who intend ed to be, a
lawyer or a phy,s ician had received iin the office of some profess ional m an of standing. The t eaching of practice was
made far more important than the teachin g of theory . To
24

�write a prescription, to collect a note, to compose a sermon;
these were the things which the students who r.esorted to the·
professional schools of the beginning of the century most
desired to learn. As a consequence, there was relatively·
little scientific training. It is noted in the advertisement of
the Litchfield Law School, as a distinctive feature which
makes this school superior to others of its kind, that iL
teaches the principles which govern the whole law in its
var,ious .applicatiorus, and that whenev,e r t~e opinions upon
any point are contradictory, the •a uthorities are cited and.
the arguments pr-e sented in a clear and concise manner,.
together with the lecturer's own views; further, that the·
·e xamination or review at the end of the week involves an
investigation of t'~rn pr,in-ci,p les in ·each rule, and not merelysuch questions as can be answer-e d from memory, withqut
exercise of judgment. That these things should be stated
publicly as absolutely distinctive casts light on what was
allowed to pass muster at law schools in other places. Nor•,foes it appear that the in.struction in the major,ity of medical.
school,s was more scientifically arranged than in the law·
schools. Many of these here present can remember the time,
when the idea of arranging medioal stud,ies in .an orderly
sequence, with scientific theory at the foundation and practical details reserved for the later years of the course, wasregarded as novel and startling. With the scientific basis of
teaching thi1s unrecognized, it was hopeless to expect full
development of those laboratory facilities which are now
regar-d ed as fundamentally essential, a1ike for the traiining;
of the student and for stimulating th·e professor.
In the schools of theology the instruction was perhaps a
little bett€r ,g raded, for the teaching given ,b y the colleges in
languages and philosophy provided a good theoretical st·a.rting point for courses in exegesis or in homiletics. But th e·
possibility of free inv,e stigation or progressive research was
no greater than in the law or medical schools. In fact, iL
was even less; for the majority of schools of theology had
in their endowments conditions which compelled the profes-sorial body to teach particular creeds, formulated in the
conservative fashion of a bygone day, and not always easy·
to reconcile with the results of progressive criticism. In
some of these institutions -it was required not only that the·
professors must subscribe to a certain creed at the outset,
but that they must at stated intervals renew their subscription. In th·e incisive words of Dr. Leonard Bacon concerning;

25

�a s chool of divinity whose methods he disapproved, they
made each candidate for a professorship assent to a creel
which showed that he knew nothing when he went there, and
they further provided that at intervals of five years he should
r epeat 'his signa:ture to the sa::ne ,creeJ, for fear that ,by some
unforeseen chance h e might learn something after h e got
there.
T he r eaction against this vi ew wa s natural and salutary;
but it seems to m e that we have today, in some places at
any rate, gone to th e other extreme. Far be it from me to
.say one word which might seem to depreciate the value of
r esearch. It is a thing of great importance to the community, and thos e who are engaged therein often show thems e,l ves all the better t eachers on that account. But we make
a mistake if we fix our eyes too exclusively on r esearch at
the expense of teaching and estimate the value of a university
solely on the form er basis. It may be true that one real jurist
is worth a hundred ordinary lawyers; that one ;nedical
di s coverer does more good than a thousand physicians; that
one prophet is worth ten thousand teachers of the conven•tional type. Nevertheless the .i nstitution which tries only to
make jurists, or discoverers or prophets wiH fail of giving
· the country the lawyers and doctors and ministers which it
wants . It is in the power of the professional school to be
:something more than a mere profession.al school, but not by
neglecting its plain duty of technical training. To emphasize
th e n eeds of practical life was the original function of the
organi zed professional school in univ e,r sity affairs; and, amid
all th e changes which have taken place in its position and
:influence, it is still charged with the same duty and investe l
with the same privilege.
Where the technical school exists side by side with tile
·college, this aspect of the matter will take care, of itself.
'There is no danger that our schools of civH or mechanical
•engineering or of architecture, or of applied chemistry, or
,of any other of the many s-cientific courses whic'n we have
,. developed, Wiil negl ect their teaching functions. The best
·of these schools will, indeed, do research work, and much
·of it; but th.is research will be carried on by the instructors
·and the students who remain after graduation in such a way
that it does not interfere with the course of study and dis·cipline which is intended to fit the larger body of unler~racluates for the work of practical life. Indeed, I think we
,may say that the distinguishing feature of the American
26

�universi ty sy;;tem as compared with that of German y, or·
even of France, is that we have side by side a great man y
different kinds of colleges, followed by a departm en t of
graduate instruction which serves and supplements them all..
The American graduate school is wider in its scope and at
the same time more practical in its methods than the so-•
called department of philosophy in any German university .
The department of philosophy in the Old World r epresents
the graduate instruction wluch naturally attached itself to
the work of a now obsolete college of arts; from which
college of arts, however , the schools of engineering a nd
mining and chemistry were excluded from participation . The
graduate school of the New World represents the much wider
group of stujies which follows collegiate courses in arts and
science both. It represents the research of men who are
engaged in the teaching of technology, not less than those
who are engaged in the teaching of literature, philosophy or
pure science. I am inclined to believe that it would be a
salutary thing if it went one step farther and included
within its sphere research work in law and medicine -and.
theology. There is no natural reason why these should be
excluded. There is no natural line which can be drawn.
between physiology and pathology, between institutional history and legal history, hetween ontological deduction and
theological deduction. Wherever in our American institutions these artificial lines of separation have been broken
down, the result has been salutary for the instructors, fo e
students and the general spirit of the plaee.
The one thing which maintains these somewhat arbitrary
jistinctions is the tradition that the schools of theology, law
and medicine are the::nselves graduate schools; that they are
co-ordinate with the department of philosophy rather than with
the college of arts; and that, in justice to their own superior
position of dignity, they must claim the right to do the kind
of work and use the kind of methods and seek the kind of
results which are appropriate for those who, in the departments of art anj technology, have finished their regularcourse and are now enjoying special training in the pursuit
of pure sci,3nce-in other words, that the student of law or
medicine must be treated as if he were a graduate student.
This is an essentially unnatural position. Nine-tenths of the
students of law and medicine and theology want ·a defined
course of study. They may not wish to have an absolutely
d·e finite curriculum, but what they want comes quite as n ear·

27

�to it as that which exists in the schools of technology, and
much nearer to it than what remains in most of our colleg.e s.
Jf, on account of a desire that all their students should be
graduates, however legitimate and proper that desire may be
-in its motives, they treat themselves as graJuate departments, it seems to me that one of two consequences must
follow. Either they will ,s acrifice their researches to the
curriculum, or they will sacrifice the curriculum to th8h'
:researches. The former has been, on the whole, the case in
Ger;nany and France, where, in spite of brilliant and honorable exceptions, the professiom3,l schools have been in per·petual danger of degenerating into routine. The latter is a
J)eril which, if the signs do not fail, besets some of our most
progressive institutions in America-the peril of sacrificing
the r eal inte,r ests of the many for the supposed interests of
the few. I say "supposed" interests, because I believe that
with a course of study more or less avowedly collegiate in
.i ts character, intended for those who were seeking the
straight road to the honorable practice of their profession,
followed by graduate courses in law or medicine or theology
for the minority who intended to deal with these subjects as
investigators, we could meet the necessities of both classes
in the long run quite as effectively as we do when we tend
to confuse the two.
It is too early to predict what will be the dominant type
of American university development in the next generation.
But I cannot refrain from expressing th·e hope that it will be
-one where every departiment assumes the burdens and. th &lt;l
_privileges of t eaching the many; where the r esearches of
th e few are made to help this teaching directly as well as inJirectly and not allowed to stand in its way; where the distinction between the collegiate_course and the more individualized graduate school will subsist, not for parts of the university, but for the whole. MaJJ.y influences seem to be
working in this dir-e ction. The ·e stablishment of well endowed institutes of research, acting in co-operation with
our universities, by relieving th·e m of some of the heaviest
vecuniary burdens incident to special investigations and by
r elieving the community of the ·e xpense which arises when
-such investigations are carried on competitively and piecemeal in a number of plaees, will bring home to the administrators of our educational institutions the importance of that
duty of teaching which they have boen sometimes pro,ne to
neglect, and will leave them free to use in that high calli'ng

28

�a larger vroportion of their income and their power than has
hitherto been possible. To him who believes that men ·e xist
for ,~cience' sake this will seem a lowering of the d,deal.
To him who believes that science exists for man's sake, this
will not be a lowering, but an ennobling, of ideals. For he
will understand that the contact with the affairs of daily
life which is furnished by the necessities of practical teaching of the many, though it may s·e em at times a vexation and
a snare, is the surest means of preventing our learning from
degenerating into a mere scholastic philosophy, and of making
it continue to be in the future, as it has been in the past, the
instrument of the largest public service. May this be the
view of those who are charged with determining the destinies
of Northwestern University; and may it be the high privilege of those who here teach and investigate thus to realize
tthe full measure of what such an institution can accomplish!

29

��.

�THE UNIVERSITY BULLETIN IS ISSUED QUARTERLY
BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY

Entered as Second-Class Matter at the Post-Office
at Evanston, Ill.

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                <text>SERIES II NOVEMBER NUMBER BULLETIN OF NOR TH WESTERN UNIVERSITY CONTENTS Dedicatory Exercises Northwestern University Professional School Building Chicago. HISTORY OF THE BUILDING PAGE PROFESSOR ROBERT D. SHEPPARD. II. ADDRESS ON PRESENTING THE KEYS OF THE BUILDING TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY HON. OLIVER H. HORTON First Vice President Board Trustees. III ADDRESS ON A CC EPTING THE KEYS OF THE BUILDING P RF STDF. NT EDM UND J. JAMES. IV. ADDRESS THE PLACE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY EVANSTON CHICAGO PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY THE DEDICATION PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL BUILDING NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FOUNDERS DAY ADDRESS BY PRESIDENT ARTHUR T. HADLEY OF YALE UNIVERSITY PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. BRIEF ADDRESSES AT THE DEDICATORY EXERCISES BY PROFESSOR ROBERT D. SHEPPARD HON. OLIVER H. HORTON AND PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMES OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKEDEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO DEDICATION OF THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING. CELEBRATION OF THE FIFTY SECOND ANNIVERSARY OF FOUNDERS DAY. Founders Day Northwestern University Lake Dearborn Chicago. Assembly Hall President Hadley Yale University Law School Auditorium Chicago Founders Day Address President Hadley Place Professional School Modern American University. Barr Ames Harvard Law School Albert Benjamin Prescott School Pharmacy University Michigan William Williams Keen Jefferson Medical College Edward Cameron Kirk Dental School University Pennsylvania. Nearly Auditorium Hotel Professor Charles M. Stuart Garrett Biblical Institute Arthur R. Edwards Medical School Mitchell D. Follansbee Law School Robert L. Cumnock School Oratory Horace Butterworth Department Athletics Assembly Hymn Lobe Herrn Professor Amos W. Patten. Responsive Reading Chapel Service Selection Solo Diesen Heiligen Hall Mr. Harry Parsons Historical Statement Robe D. Sheppard D. D. Presentation Keys Hon Oliver H Horton Response President Edmund J. James Addresses By Representatives Universities. HISTORY OF THE BUILDING. Address Professor R. D. Sheppard. Northwestern University Northwestern University Chicago Founders Day Law School School Pharmacy Dental School Without Law School Dental School School Pharmacy. Board Trustees Representatives University Tremont House James B. Hobbs Sheppard Mr. Deering Board Trustees. University New York Mr. N. W. Harris Board Trustees Arrangements Univer D. H. Burnham &amp; Company. First M. E. Church Thomas Orchestra Central Church. Trustees. John Wesley Clark Street Schools Law Pharmacy Dentistry. Mr. John R. Lindgren Mr. ViT. A. Dyche Building Committee Controversies City Building University University Tremont House NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING Instead American Farewell Tremont. Hail Northwestern University Building ADDRESS ON PRESENTING THE KEYS OF THE BUILDING TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNIVERSITY. Hon. Oliver H. Horton First Vice President Board Trustees Trust Mr. President Trustees Northwestern University ADDRESS OF ACCEPTANCE. President Edmund J. James Northwestern University. Mr. Chairman Colleagues Friends Faculties Northwestern University American Trustees Faculties. Faculty Trustees. Trustees Trustee Faculty. Trustees Faculties University Dr. Rob D. Sheppard. Trustees Tlhe Northwestern University Board Trustees Faculti Faculties Board Trustees President Eliot Harvard University President Harvard University. University University Northwestern University Trustees Board President Board Trustees Mr. William Deering Northwestern University University Nor Founders Day Northwestern University American College Liberal Arts Bachelor Arts University Board Trustees American Union American Union Union Like American Union University University University University Board Trustees Northwestern University Northwestern University needeJ Evanston Board Trustees There School Pharmacy Brief Auditorium Doctor Laws James Barr Ames Albert Benjamin Prescott William Williams Keen Doctor Science Edward Cameron Kirk. After President Arthur Twining Hadley Yale University Place Professional School Modern. American University PLACE OF THE PROFESSIONAL SCHOOL IN THE MODERN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. By Arthur Twining Hadley President Yale University. traditioI German English. German English President Wilson English German America Germany America English American American American Oxford Cambridge Harvard William Mary Virginia Yale Connecticut. Princeton New York Presbytery. Columbia Toya English American English William Mary College Throughout English America Of Our Sometime Philadelphia York Harvard Yale Sorneti Fairfield New York. Litchfield Connecticut. Fairfield Medical College Adironclacks Fairfield Dr. Willoughby Boston New York Philadelphia Asa Gray. Even Litchfield. Judge Gould. Qtudents inspecteJ Temaining United States Senators Congress United States Supreme Court United States Senate. Judge Reeve Litchfield Law School Calhouns Ellsworths Claytons. After Dr. Willoughby Fairfiel Medical College United States Columbia Pennsylvania American Thomas Jefferson University Virginia Ten Jefferson Jefferson University Michigan AN ACT Catholepistemiad University Michigania Governor Judges Territory Michigan Territory Catholepistemiad University Catholepistemiad University Michigania. 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                    <text>NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY
BULLETIN

VOL. XXIV, No. 3

July 14, 1923

SCHOOL OF LAW
(UNION COLLEGE OF LAW)
FOUNDED 1859

1923-1924

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING
LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS, CHICAGO

�N ORTHWESTERN

University Bulletin is
published b:iz: Northwestern University weekly during the academic year at Chicago, Illinois.
Entered as second-class mail
matter November 21, 1913, at
the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of Congress of
August 24, 1912.

�Northwestern
University
EV ANS TON AND CHICAGO

SCHOOL OF LAW

1923-1924

Published by the University

1923

�Annual Announcement of the
School of Law
CONTENTS
Calendar of Sessions for 1923- l 924. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

Revised List of the Faculty for 1923-1924...................

4

Founding, Purpose and Location of Law School.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

The Elbert H. Gary Library of Law. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

Admission and Graduation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8

Promotion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Pre-legal Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Curriculum ........................ : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
I.

General Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.

Courses of Instruction.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

3. Courses in Illinois Law .. .. .. ............ ... ....... 26 ·
4. Exercise in Forensic Writing, Speaking and Practice ..... 27
Illinois Law Review and Journal of the American Institute of
Criminal Law and Criminology ............. . ...... . . . 28-29
Honors, Prizes, and Scholarships ......................... 29-33
Fees and Expenses ....................................... 33
Alumni Association .................................... 34-35
Officers of the Young Men's Christian Association. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Register of Students . ... .. ............... . .... ....... .... 37

2

�Law School
Calendar of Sessions, 1923-1924
1923

Sept. 24 Mon.
Sept. 25 Tue.
Sept. 26 Wed.
Sept. 27 Thu.
Nov. 29 Thu.
Dec.

22 Sat.

Registration of new students.
Registration of applicants for advanced standing.
Registration of other students.
Lectures begin.
Thanksgiving recess, to December 2, Sunday, both
inclusive.
Christmas recess, to January 2, Tuesday, both inelusive.

1924

Jan.
Jan.
Feb.
Feb.
May
May
May
June
June
June
Aug.

24 Thu.
28 Mon.
4
22
23
26
30
II

16
23
23

Mon.
Fri.
Fri.
Mon.
Fri.
Wed.
Mon.
Mon.
Sat.

Lectures close.
Mid-year examinations begin.
Second semester begins.
Washington's Birthday.
Lectures close.
Examinations begin.
Memorial Day.
Examinations close.
SIXTY- SIXTH ANNUAL COMMENCEMENT.

Summer session begins.
Summer session ends.

3

�4

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

Administrative Officers
Walter Dill Scott, Ph.D., LL.D., President of the University.
John Henry Wigmore, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Dean.
Frederic Beers Crossley, M.A., LL.B., Secretary and Librarian.

*Faculty
John Henry Wigmore, M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law.
Frederic Beers Crossley, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Professional
Ethics and Legal Bibliography.
Albert Kocourek, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Law.
Robert Wyness Millar, M.A., LL.B., Professor of Law.
Andrew Alexander Bruce, LL.D., Professor of Law.
tCharles Cheney Hyde, M .A., LL.B., Professor of Law.
Charles George Little, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law.
Louis May Greeley, B.A., LL.M., Professor of Law.
Charles Byrd Elder, LL.B., Professor in the Law of Judgments and
Extraordinary Legal Remedies.
Henry Clay Hall, M.A., LL.B., Professor in the Law of Insurance.
Herbert Lincoln Harley, LL.B., Professor of Legislation.
Richard Yates Hoffman, B.A., LL.B., Lecturer on Property and on
Corporation Practice.
Elmer Martin Leesman, LL.B., Lecturer on Persons and Instructor
in Legal Clinic.
Frederick Thulin, LL.B., Lecturer on Federal Taxation.
Charles Hamilton Watson, B.A., LL.B., Associate Professor of International Law.
Mitchell Davis Follansbee, B.A., LL.B., LL.D., Lecturer on Office
Administration.
C. Martin Alsager, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Municipal Corporations.
Stephen Love, LL.B., Lecturer on Damages.
Clayton Crawford, LL.B., Instructor in Public Speech.
John Maxcy Zane, Litt.D., LL.D., Lecturer on Anglo-American
Legal History.
Edward H. S. Martin, Ph.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Contracts.
Harris Carman Lutkin, B.A., LL.B., Lecturer on Property.
*The first group includes those who have offices exclusively in the School
building. The second group includes all other members who under the
statutes of the University have seats in the Faculty as officers of government. In each group the names are given in the order of seniority of
appointment.
t Absent on leave,

�5

FACULTY

LECTURERS ON ILLINOIS LAW

Meyer Abrams, LL.B.
Edwin Charles Austin, M.A., LL.B.
George Edward Berglund, B.A., LL.B.
Cecil Barnes, M.A., LL.B.
Homer Hunt Cooper, LL.B.
Robert Oral Farrell, LL.B.
Harold L. Feigenholtz, LL.B.
James J. Glassner, LL.B.
Denis H. Grady, LL.B.
William Harrison Haight, B.A., LL.B.
Richard Yates Hoffman, B.A., LL.B.
Stephen Love, LL.B.
Harris Carman Lutkin, B.A., LL.B.
George S. Mason, B.A., LL.B.
John Scott Matthews, M.A., LL.B.
Walter W. L. Meyer, LL.B.
Paul E. Price, LL.B.
Stanley Rich, B.S ., LL.B.
Jasper Frederick Rommel, LL.B.
Theodore Schmidt, LL.B.
George M . Weischelt, LL.B.
Ira E. Westbrook, M.A., LL.B.
Carl H. Zeiss, B.A., LL.B.

Founding, Purpose, and Location of the Law School

T
'

HE LAW SCHOOL was founded in 1859 with a sum of
money given by Thomas Hoyne, when there were only three
similar schools west of the Allegheny Mountains. The
first dean was Henry Booth, 1859-1891. For many years the School
was under the joint control of the old University of Chicago and
of Northwestern University, and was known as the Union College
of Law. In 1891, the other University having long ceased to share
in the management and being about to surrender its charter, Northwestern University assumed sole control, and the School has since
been an integral part of the University, and has b6rne its name.
The course of study is arranged to give a knowledge of the law
that will be indispensable to students wherever they may practice.
Graduates of the School are now located in nearly every state and

�6

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY

LAW

SCHOOL

territory, as well as in foreign countries. Special courses are offered
for acquiring a knowledge of the law of Illinois.
The Case-study system, or the study of the principles of law as
illustrated in judicial opinions, is followed in most courses of instruction; but each instructor follows his own judgment, in conducting the
classes by lectures, discussions, recitations, written exercises, or in any
way he deems best adapted to the subject. The extensive library of
the School, the Elbert H. Gary' Library of Law, lends itself peculiarly
to modern and scientific methods of instruction.
The School is located in Northwestern University Building at
the corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, which was
acquired and rebuilt in 1901-1902, at a cost of nearly one million
dollars. It is situated near the center of the business district of
Chicago and is of easy access from all residence ,portions of the city.
The City, State, and Federal Courts are within a few blocks. The
School occupies 24 ,000 square feet of space, divided into convenient
lecture-rooms, assembly-rooms, study-rooms. professor's offices, courtroom and library. The arrangement of the rooms, opening on an
inner court, ensures seclusion and quiet for study.

Library Facilities
THE ELBERT

H.

GARY LIBRARY OF LAW

The library of some 50,000 volumes represents chiefly the gifts
of the Honorable Elbert H. Gary, LL.B., 1867, LL.D., 1922, of
New York City, and is unusual in its scope. It contains duplicate
sets of the United States Reports, the official Reports of all the States
and Territories, the complete National Reporter System, partly in
duplicate, the Lawyers' Reports Annotated, all of the official Illinois
Reports in triplicate, statutes of all the States in the Union, and· a
large collection of digests, periodicals, encyclopedias, and textbooks.
Of the British legal sources, it possesses the complete Statutes, and
substantially all the regular Reports of England, Ireland, and Canada
since the beginning of the Year Books, except those appearing in law
journals.
Besides the library of Modern Anglo-American law, there are
the following special collections:
Modern Continental Law, numbering some 13,000 volumes on
the law of the twenty-three European countries, as contained in
statutes, decisions, journals, and treatises, is more comprehensive in
scope than any other collection in the United States.

�THE ELBERT

H.

GARY LIBRARY

7

International Law, numbering nearly 3,500 volumes, includes a
large quantity of printed .material relating to American, British, and
Continental diplomacy, not elsewhere available in the West.
Ancient, Oriental, Primitive, and ll-1 edieval Law includes the
Hindu, Mohammedal'l, Hebrew, Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek; Chinese, Japanese, and sundry other systems, as well as the medieval
European materials. It numbers 3,000 volumes, and of.fers unique
facilities for research to students of comparative legal history.
Roman and Civil Law, numbering 2,500 volumes, including the
library of the late Moritz Voigt of Leipzig, Germany, contains many
rare volumes not found in any other American Library.
Ecclesiastical Law, numbering 200 volumes, contains a selection
of the most useful texts, commentaries, and journals.
Jurisprudence and Philosophy of Law, numbering 1,000 volumes,
includes all the important American, English, German, French,
Italian, and Latin texts on this subject.
Criminal Law and Criminology, numbering over 3,000 volumes,
provides the most ample materials, from all countries, for research
in this growing subject.
Anglo-American Legal History includes material relating to
English Historical Legal Literature, sets of Colonial session laws
(mostly reprints), revisions, contemporary and modern treatises on
the laws of the colonies, and other material related to the history of
the development of the common law in England and the United
States. This collection now numbers about 3,500 volumes and contains many rare and valuable historical treatises.
Latin-American Law includes collections of the laws of Mexico,
the Central American, and the South American States, following the
arrangement in the Gary Collections of Modern Continental Law;
that is, a collection of the codes, ordinances, decisions of the Supreme
Court, most important treatises, and leading law journals. The
volumes installed approximate 3,200, and the number is being increased as rapidly as the material can be acquired.
Legal Bibliography, numbering some 600 volumes and pamphlets,
covering all topics and countries.
The extensive library of the Chicago Law Institute, two blocks
distant, exchanges the privileges of consultation for all books not in
the Elbert H. Gary Library.

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Requirements for Admission and 9raduation
I.

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION.

Candidates for Degree of Juris Doctor-Proof of satisfactory
completion of three years' study in an approved college.
Special Students ( not candidates for a degree)-Proof of com·
pletion of the requirements of the Supreme Court of Illinois for
applicants for admission to the Bar ( four years of high school or
its equivalent). The number of new special .students admitted each
year with less than two years of college study is limited to ten per cent
of the total new registration for that year.
Classified Special Students-Upon petition to the Faculty, there
may be transferred from the list of special students to the list of
classified special students, by vote of the Faculty in each case, a
number of persons not to exceed ten (IO) in any one year. To be
eligible for such transfer, the applicant must: ( a) have been at
least twenty-two years of age at the time of beginning his studies in
this School; ( b) have had at least one year of work in this School;
( c) satisfy the Faculty that he has had such exceptional education,
training or experience, which in its judgment fits him to be a candidate for a degree in law, and (d) have become eligible for the "Honor
List" at the end of his year of studies immediately preceding the
application for transfer.
When so transferred, the student shall be deemed a candidate for
the degree of Bachelor of Laws after four years from the date of
first registration in the Law School.
2.

REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION.

Degree of Juris Doctor-Four academic years (36 months)* of
resident study and eighty-eight semester-hours of credit for students
who have satisfactorily completed three years of study in an approved
college; or,
Three academic years (27 months) of resident study and seventyfive semester-hours of credit for students holding at the time of
admission a bachelor's degree in Arts or Science, representing four
years of college study or its equivalent, but not including any credit
for law study.**
Throughout the periods of registration as a regular student, can*Three calendar years suffice, if the summer sessions are attended.
**For students entering for the first ,t ime after June 1, 1922, eighty
semester-hours of credit are required for graduation.

�ADMISSION

AND

GRADUATION

9

didate for a degree, each student must be registered for not less than
ten hours per week of class-room work and be in regular attendance
therein.
Not less than ten semester-hours of credit must be obtained in
each semester of the final year.
Regulations Applying to A hove Requirements-Detailed statement of regulations governing applications for admission and gradu·
ation and applications for advanced standing will be mailed on
request.
Degree of Master of Laws -A candidate for the degree of
Master of Laws will be required to meet the following conditions:
(I) He will have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor or Bachelor
of Laws in this University, or in some university or college having
equal requirements. ( 2) He will complete, in addition, one year of
residence in this School, during which- time credit must be obtained
in not less than fifteen semester hours in second or third-year -courses
not previously counted toward the Bachelor's degree. ( 3) He will
complete an exhaustive study of some topic of local law, pass an
examination covering his general legal attainments, and present a
paper embodying the results, of such character as to be suitable for
publication in the Illinois Law Review. The thesis shall conform to
the style sheet of the Review.

3.

ACADEMIC DEGREES.

(I) The fourth year of a college course leading to a bachelor's
degree in arts or science may be spent in law studies in this Law
School, so as to lead in seven years to degrees both in !au.! and in arts
or science, in one of the following ways:
(a) A member of the third or fourth year class in good standing
in the College of Liberal Arts of this University may elect work in
Law which shall count toward his degrees in both the College of
Liberal Arts and the Law School, so as to receive the degree of
Bachelor of Arts or Science at the end of his fourth year in this
U niver_sity. The work elected cannot exceed one year's work in the
Law School, and each election is subject to the approval of both
Faculties.
(b) A student presenting three years of college credit from
another approved college of arts or science may, upon the satisfactory
completion of the first year's work in the Law School, receive from
this Faculty a certificate requesting the F acuity of his original college

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to recognize his work in this Law School as the equivalent of a fourth
year in college and to recommend him for the degree of Bachelor of
Arts or Science in that college or university.

(c) A student presenting three years of college credit from
another approved college of arts or science may, upon the satisfactory completion of the first year's work in the Law School, upon the
recommendation of the Law School Faculty, receive from this University the degree of Bachelor of Science in Law.
(2) The Master's degree in Arts will be conferred under the
following conditions:
A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or
other college maintaining equivalent requirements for the Bachelor's
degree in Arts or Science, may obtain the Master's degree at the same
time with the degree of Juris Doctor by pursuing, with the sanction
of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, advanced work in subjects approved by
that Faculty, and obtaining credit to the amount of twelve semesterhours; and by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses
of study must deal entirely with legal subjects; but courses of legal
study, in order to count for the degree, must be of an advanced
nature, must not otherwise be counted for the degree in law, and
must be pursued under the direction of a committee of three of the
Faculty of the Law School. If the candidate is obtaining his Juris
Doctor's degree after only three years of College of Liberal Arts
work, the additional credits required for obtaining the Master's
degree must amount to thirty semester-hours.
Students in law, intending to become candidates for the Master's
degree, will register for the same degree in both the College of Liberal
Arts and the Law School on or before the first Monday in October
of the year in which they expect to graduate, and will pay the diploma
fee of twenty dollars. The Master's degree is open, upon the same
terms, to graduates of the Law School who register before the October next following the completion of their professional course.
4.

GRADES OF SCHOLARSHIP.

Four grades are given: A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure. A candidate may offer for a degree courses with
grade C for only one-sixth the amount of credit required to be
obtained by him in this School, except that he may also offer courses
with grade C to the extent to which he has other courses with
grade A.

�ADMISSION AND GRADUATION

5.

11

SPECIFIED COURSES REQUIRED.

In reckoning the semester-hours required for graduation, the following courses must be included in addition to those mentioned under
"Courses of Instruction."
( 1) General Survey of the Law, I and II, prescribed for firstyear students.

(2)

Professional Speech, prescribed for all entering students.

(3)

Professional Ethics, prescribed for all students.

(4) Legal Biography and General Legal Literature, prescribed
for second-year students.
( 5)

Legal Bibliography, prescribed for first-year students.

( 6)

Legal Clinic, prescribed for third-year students.

( 7) Preparation of Transactional Documents, prescribed for
second-year or third-year students.
(8) Revised Statutes and Codes, prescribed for second-year or
third-year students.

A student entering with advanced standing who has not taken
equivalent work elsewhere is subject to the remaining requirements
applicable to the class he enters, except that a candidate for a degree
in one year may be exempted from specified parts of the work, or may
be required to take the second and third-year required subjects.

Promotion
( 1) For promotion from one year to the next, each applicant
must have obtained, for promotion
To the Second Year ................ . ....... 18 semester-hours
To the Third Year ........................ 42 semester-hours
To the Fourth Year ................. . .. . .. 60 semester-hours
(2) At the end of each School year, a student not found to be
entitled to promotion to the next succeeding class may remain in
the School, as candidate for a degree in one additional year from the
beginning; unless by vote of the Faculty he is requested to withdraw.
(3) In estimating the above credits, the usual rule for counting
marks of A and C shall apply.

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Pre-Legal Course in a College of Liberal Arts
The Faculty of Law does not prescribe specific subjects or courses
during the three years of college which are req1,1ired for admission
to the Law School, but does strongly urge the intending lawyer to
make the following selection of courses. The first program is intended for those candidates for a B.A. degree who expect at the end
of three years to take the first-year course in the Law School and
present it as their fourth year in qualifying for the B.A. degree.
I. THREE-YEAR COURSE*

First Year: Mathematics AI; French AA, AB, or A; Latin A,
AA, or AB; English AI, A2, or A3; History A2, or A3.
Second Year: Any one science-Physics, Chemistry, Zoology,
Botany, Geology, or Astronomy; English BI, or B2; Public Speaking AI, or A2; Philosophy AI ; History BI ; Economics AA or A;
Political Science Ai.
Third Year: Public Speaking B2; Economics B3, C2, or C4;
Philosophy A2, or A3, or Psychology A; History BI3, B14, or CI;
English C3, or C6; Political Science BI, or B6.
2. FOUR-YEAR COURSE

First Year: Same as above.
Second Year: Same as above.
Third Year: Same as above.
Fourth Year: Economics, any two or three of BI, B6, C3, CI I
(Sociology), BS, C5, CI4; Psychology C2, or C3; History B5, B9,
C3, or D2; Political Science CI, C2, or D3, or any of the courses
above noted for the third year and not taken in that year.

Curriculum
GENERAL STATEMENT
In preparing the curriculum and requirements for the four-year
course o_f studies leading to the degree of J,D., the Faculty of Law
has kept in view the following principal objects:
1.

*The symbols here used for the courses refer to the list announced for
the College of Liberal Arts of this University; the University Catalogue will
show the correspondence with courses in other Colleges.

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

13

(I) , To ensure for every graduate a thorough trammg in the
use of original sources, and a rigid mental discipline, with a view to
the formation of those habits of independent legal thinking which
ought to be the fundamental possession of every member of the legal
profession;

(2) To ensure for every graduate a general intelligent acquaintance with the elemental principles in the entire orthodox compass of
the technical subjects of law, and thus to qualify him to do mature
work in the later stages of his study and to equip him to approach
any legal problem without serious gaps in large fields of essential
legal information ;
(3) To ensure for every graduate some understanding of those
non-technical legal subjects which develop breadth of view and qualify him to render public service as a leader of professional and civic
thought;
(4) To attain these results, in point of method, by using the
most approved practices, and in particular by assuring to every student, on the part of the Faculty, from time to time, an individual
valuation of the quality of his work, and a personal attention to his
individual needs and capacities for attaining the expected standards.
The special features of the curriculum and requirements described
below are based directly on one or another of those objectives.
2.

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
FIRST YEAR
First Semester

GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW I-One hour a week. (An
elementary survey of the fundamental terms and principles in the
general body of the law )-Robinson's Elementary Law, ed. 1910;
Bays' American Commercial Law Series, vols. II-VIII. Professor
Wigmore.
CONTRACTS-Three hours a week. ( Sealed con tracts; the offer
and the acceptance of a simple contract; consideration; assignments
of contracts; beneficiaries; joint and joint and several contracts; the
performance of contracts, including express and implied conditions
and impossibility of performance; illegal contracts; the statute of
frauds; the discharge of contracts.) Costigan's Cases on Contracts.

Mr. Martin.

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

ToRTs-Four hours a week. (A general course on the law of
Torts, including the topics of unfair trade, copyright, etc., but not
including deceit.) Wigmore's Select Cases on Torts. Professor
Wigmore.
COMMON LAW PROCEDURE I-One hour a week. (An elementary course in common law procedure, including a study of the
forms of action and the rules relating to parties to actions.) Martin's
Civil Procedure. Professor Millar.
COMMON LAW PROCEDURE II-One hour a week. (The principles of common law pleading, exclusive of the forms of actions.)
Millar's Common Law Pleading; Keigwin's Precedents of Pleading.
Professor Millar.
CHAITELs-Two hours a week.
( Origin, substitution and
transfer of title; accession, confusion and specification; bailments;
possession; emblements and fixtures.) Bigelow's Cases on Property.
Professor Kocourek.
PROFESSIONAL SPEECH - One hour a week. (Lectures and
practice in oral expression of legal ·argument or statement.) Mr.
Crawford.
DAMAGES-One hour a week. (General principles of liabilities
and damages; discretionary and compensatory damages; damages in
specific contract and tort actions.) Beale's Cases on Damages. Mr.
Love.
Second Semester
GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW II-One hour a week. (Nature
and kinds of legal relation; a survey of juristic terminology.) Lectures. Professor Kocourek.
CONTRACTS (Continued)-Three hours a week.
TORTS (Continued) - Two hours a week.
COMMON LAW PROCEDURE II (Continued)-One hour a week.
REAL PROPERTY I (TITLES )-Three hours a week. ( Introduction to law of real property; titles, original and derivative; modes
of conveyance under the old common law and under the statute of
uses and modern statutes; estates; execution of deeds; effect of deeds
as respects boundaries and easements; covenants for title.) Aigler's
Cases on Titles to Real Property. Professor Bruce.

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

15

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS-One hour a week. (History and organization of the legal profession; the lawyer's qualifications, admission and discipline; ethical duties of lawyers to court and client in
civil and criminal cases.) Costigan's Cases on Legal Ethics. Professor Crossley.
LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY-One hour a week. (The history of law
reports and law reporting; use of reports of judicial decisions, government bureaus and commissions, and State and Federal legislation,
treatises; encyclopedias, periodicals and treatises.
Conducted by
lectures and job-analysis method.) Professor Crossley.
SECOND YEAR
No second-year studen,t may carry more than twelve hours per
week of lecture work, exclusive of the specifically required courses
of the second year, except by permission of the Faculty Committee on
Registration.

First Semester
EQUITY JURISDICTION-Three hours a week. (Origin and general
nature; specific performance; bills of peace; bills of quia ttmet;
reformation and recission; with such minor attention to the topics of
prevention of torts, bills for accounting, and interpleader, as time
may permit.) Ames' Cases on Equity Jurisdiction.
Professor
Bruce.
AGENCY-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24 and alternate
years. ( Creation of; liabilities of parties; termination; duties, rights
and liabilities of master and servant.) Reinhard's Cases on Agency.

Mr.-----

WrLLs-Two hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and alternate
years. ( Disposition of property by testamentary act, descent and
distribution of intestate property; administration of estates.) Costigan's Cases on Wills, Descent and Administration. Mr. Hoffman.
SALES-Three hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and alternate
years. (Subject matter of sale; executory and executed sales; fraud ,
accident, mistake; bills of lading and other documents; warranty;
remedies.) Williston's Cases on Sales (id. ed.), and Uniform
Commercial Acts. Professor Kocourek.
SALES-One hour a week. Given in 1923-24 and alternate years.
(An analytical examination of ownership, possession and incum-

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

brances, and of legal method in the solution of problems.)
Cases. Williston's Cases on Sales. Professor Kocourek.

Selected

PERSONS-Two hours a week. ( Parent and child; the custody,
control, discipline of the child; obligation of parent to support child;
rights and liability of parent. Infants; contracts and conveyances;
liability of husband and wife by virtue of relation; duty and authority;
contracts, conveyances and devises; civil and criminal liability; property rights; marriage and divorce.) Kales' Cases on Persons. Mr.
Leesman.
REAL PROPERTY II (RIGHTS IN LAND)-Two hours a week.
Given in 1923-24 and alternate years. (Rights in one's own land
and in the land of others; inviolability of possession; rights of support; rights in air, in streams as to surface and sub-surface water;
easements; licenses; profits; covenants remaining with the land.)
Bigelow's Cases on Rights in Land. Professor - - - - HISTORY OF BENCH AND BAR ( Legal Biography )-One hour a
week. (Assigned readings on history of English and American bench
and bar; each student prepares and presents an address on the career
of some legal worthy whose portrait hangs on the school walls, and
the instructor's comment follows.) Professor Wi'!}more.
GENERAL LEGAL LITERATURE-One hour a week. (Assigned
readings; each student prepares and presents an address on some notable work.) Professor Wigmore.
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANIES AND COMMON CARRIERS - Two
hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and alternate years. (Nature
and obligations of a public calling; rates; equality of treatment and
regulation; principles relating to specific callings; bailments and common carriers of passengers and of goods. Federal legislation applicable, and typical State legislation will be considered.) Beale and
Wyman's Cases on Public Utilities. Professor Elder.
INTERSTATE COMMERCE-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24
and alternate years. (A treatment in detail of the Interstate Commerce Act and pertinent leading cases; the scope of the Act; the
province of the Commission; the province of the courts under the Act.
Also a general treatment of other legislation under the commerce
clause.) The Interstate Commerce Act; Frankfurter's Cases under
the Interstate Commerce Act. Professor Elder.

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

17

CRIMIN AL LA w-Three hours a week. ( The general principles
of Anglo-American Criminal Law.) Beale's Cases on Criminal Law.
Professor Millar.
Second Semester
EQUITY JURISDICTION ( Continued )-Three hours a week. ( Bills
of peace.) Professor Bruce.
TRUSTS-Four hours a week. (Trusts distinguished from vanous other jural relations; the elements and creation of a trust; the
nature and transfer of the cesti que trnst' s interest; bona fide purchasers for value from a trustee and other priorities; liabilities of
trustee to third persons; the investment of trust funds; the extinguishment of a trust; resulting and constructive trusts.) Scott's
Cases on Trusts. Professor Bruce.
EVIDENCE I-One hour a week. Given in Summer Session only.
(An analysis of the principles of logic, ·psychology and general experience as applied to the proof of facts to juries in trials, and a study
of illustrations in recorded trials, with a view to applying these principles in professional argument.) Wigmore's Principles of Judicial
Proof. Professor Wig-more.
EVIDENCE II-Three hours a week. (A general course on the
rules of admissibility in force for jury trials at common law.)
Wigmore's Select Cases on Evidence ( 2d. ed.). Professor Wigmore.
NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS -Three hours a week. (AngloAmerican law of bills of exchange, promissory notes and checks,
negotiable bonds, bills of lading and similar instruments; the Uniform Negotiable Instruments Act.) Smith &amp; Moore's Cases on Bills
and Notes. Professor Greeley.
QUASI-CONTRACTS-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24 and
alternate years. (The nature of quasi-contract and its distinction
from contract; benefits conferred by mistake of fact and by mistake
of law; benefits conferred under a contract where impossibility,
illegality, the statute of frauds or wilful default is involved; benefits
voluntarily conferred without a contract; benefits conferred under
compulsion; waiver of tort.) Thurston's Cases on Quasi-Contracts.
Mr. Hoff man.
JUDGMENTS AND AUXILIARY LEGAL REMEDIES - One hour a
week. ( Constitution and organization of courts; jurisdiction; the
record, its requisites, effect and amendment; the judgment as an

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

estoppel or bar; process, its form and effect; the liens of the judgment
and of process; the levy; satisfaction; attachments and garnishments.)
Rood's Cases on Attachments, Garnishments and Executions (3rd
ed.). Professor Elder.
MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS-Two hours a week. (A consideration of the more important topics of the law of Municipal Corporations.) Macy's Cases on Municipal Corporations. Mr. Alsager.
THIRD YEAR
No third or four th -year student may carry more than twelve
hours per week of lecture work exclusive of the specifically required
courses of such third or fourth year and any course in Illinois Law,
other than Illinois Practice, except by: permission of the Faculty
Committee on Registration.

First Semester
PREPARATION OF TRANSACTIONAL DOCUMENTS-One hour a
week. (A study and drafting of typical forms of instruments used
in common transactions,-the "living law"; the student procures and
criticizes documents already actually executed in offices of law, commerce or industry.) Ballan tine's Preparation of Contracts and Other
Business Documents. Professor Wigmore.
REVISED STATUTES, COMPILED LAWS AND CODES-One hour a
week. (A study of all topics finding a place in compiled or codified
law, Federal, State and Municipal; topical reports aimed to familiarize the student with the scope and contents of those bodies of law.)
Professor Wigmore.
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS-Two hours a week. (Lectures on the
history, evolution and theory of corporations. Treatment both by
lectures and class-room discussion of the nature, promotion, reorganization, powers, obligations, responsibilities of corporations; the
rights and liabilities of stockholders, and the rights of creditors.)
Warren's Cases on Corporations. Professor Little.
LEGAL CLINIC-Six hours twice a week, with a credit of two
semester hours. Given in both semesters, but required for one only.
(A course of actual experience, at the Legal Aid Bureau of the
United Charities of Chicago, where 10,000 cases a year are cared for;
the service includes handling of clients, drafting of legal instruments, appearance in court, examination of records of all kinds, and

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

19

generally all such work as the clerk in a general law office might be
expected to perform.) Mr. Leesman and the Attorneys of the Legal
Aid Bureau.
(Group II-Four hours required.)
INTERNATIONAL LAW I-Two hours a week. Given in summer
term 1924. (Public international law, including topics usually
grouped under the subject of "International Relations in Time of
Peace," such as States in international law, recognition of States and
governments, rights of property and control, rights and duties of
jurisdiction, exemptions from jurisdiction, change of sovereignty, extradition, extraterritorial acts, citizenship, naturalization and treaties.) Scott's Cases on International Law. Associate Professor
fVatson.
LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING AND STATUTORY METHODS-Two hours
a week. ( Construction, interpretation and drafting of statutes;
analysis of bills introduced in the current Legislature, and study of
legislative methods by personal visit.) Jones' Statute Law Making.
Professor Harley.
ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE-Two hours a week. (Persona;
personality; capacity; capability; acts; events; intention; motive; negligence; liability; classification of legal relations, property; obligations; procedure.) Terry's Leading Principles of Anglo-American
Law. Professor Kocourek.
ROMAN LAw- Two hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and alternate years. ( History and system; persons; property; obligations;
inheritance; procedure.) Sohm's Institutes ( 4th ed .) ; Sherman's
Roman Law, Vol. I. Professor Kocourek.
COMPARATIVE LAw-Two hours a week.
of selected legal institutions. Topics will be
under the guidance of the instructor. Students
some use of one modern foreign language.)

(Comparative study
studied cooperatively
must be able to make
No text. Professor

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW-One hour a week. Given in 1924-25.
(The law of public officers. Executive, legislative and judicial action;
construction of grants of power; forms of administrative action;
commissions; procedure; the record of administrative action; the
province of the courts; conclusiveness and judicial review of administrative action. Remedies, including extraordinary legal remedies.) Freund's Cases on Administrative Law. Professor Elder.

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NORTHWESTERN

u NIVERSITY

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Second Semester
(Group III-All subjects in this group required, except that
Legal Clinic is not required if taken in first semester.)
PRIVATE CORPORATIONS (Continued)-Two hours a week.
LEGAL CLINIC ( Continued )-Six hours a week ( credit two
semester-hours) .
(Group IV-Four hours required.)
INTERNATIONAL LAW II-One hour a week. Public International Law with special reference to the League of Nations. No
text. Professor Wigmore.
INTERNATIONAL LAW II-Two hours a week. Given in summer
term 1924. (A continuation of International Law I. Includes topics
covered under heading of "International Relations as modified by
War," such as measures shock of war; effort of war as between belligerents, (a) enemy property, (b) private contracts, (c) trade with
the enemy, (d) commercial domicile and ownership of goods, (e)
hostile occupation, conquest and cession; rights and duties of neutral
States.) Text to be announced. Associate Professor Watson.
CONTEMPORARY LEGISLATION-Two hours a week. (A round
table discussion of practical problems of contemporary legislation;
each member of the class taking the chair once during the term and
presenting for discussion a report on a selected topic.) Wigmore's
Reference List for Problems of Contemporary Legislation. Professor
Harley.
HISTORICAL JURISPRUDENCE-Two hours a week. Given in
1923-24 and alternate years. (Examination of legal ideas-tort,
crime, property, contract, pledge, procedure-in primitive and barWigmore and
barian societies and in ancient civilizations.)
Kocourek's Evolution of Law Series, Vols. I and II. Professor
Kocourek.
PHILOSOPHY OF LAw-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24
and alternate years. ( Schools of legal philosophy; concept of justice
in application to concrete problems of liberty, contract, property and
inheritance.) Modern Legal Philosophy Series, Vol. XI. Professor
Kocourek.
THEORETICAL JURISPRUDENCE-Two hours a week. Given in
1922-23 and alternate years. (Nature of law as contrasted with
other normative concepts; classification of legal norms; division of

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

•

21

powers; sovereignty; sources of law.) Korkunov's Theory of Law.
Professor Kocourek.
ANGLO-AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY-Two hours a week. Given
in 1922-23. (History of Anglo-American legal institutions. Lectures and topics for report.) Mr. Zane.
COMPARATIVE CrVIL PROCEDURE-One hour a week. Given in
1923-24 and alternate years. (Apart from its general educative
purpose, this course is meant to furnish the student with such a viewpoint and equipment in matters of civil procedure, as will enable him
intelligently to share in the necessary and inevitable task of pro- ·
cedural reform which today lies before the American bar. At the
outset, the aim is to secure an acquaintance with the leading principles
of the medieval Germanic procedure on the one hand, and of the
Roman civil procedure, on the other, and to view, in proper perspective, the diverse methods by which the two systems strove to
attain a common end. That done, the course proceeds to t-race the
historical progress of these principles and to examine the main features
of the modern systems in which they are embodied. In the latter
regard, the civil procedures of Scotland, France, Italy, Germany and
Sweden, as well as the developments of the Canon law procedure,
will be considered in relation to the Common Law Equity and Code
procedures of the Anglo-American law.) Engelmann's History of
Continental Civil Procedure, and selected readings.
Professor
Millar.
CRIMINAL SCIENCE-One hour a week. Given in 1922-23 and
alternate years. (The history of penal theory; the classical, neoclassical and positivist schools of criminology; legislative progress in
specialization of penal judgments.) Selected readings. Professor
Millar.
EQUITY PLEADING AND PROCEDURE-Two hours a week. Given
in 1922-23 and alternate years. (The principles of equity pleading
and procedure: parties in equity; bills; answer; pleas; demurrers; the
disclaimer; replication; masters in chancery; evidence in chancery;
hearing, decrees; practice in relation to mJunctions and receivers.)
Rush on Equity Pleading and Practice (3rd ed.); text and cases.
Professor Millar.
THIRD AND FOURTH YEARS
No third or fourth-year student may carry more than twelve
hours per week of lecture work exclusive of the specifically required
courses of such third or fourth-year and any course in Illinois Law,
other than Illinois Practice, except by permission of the Faculty
Committee on Registration.

�22

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL
First Semester

( Group V-in Third Year: Five hours to be elected each
semester. In Fourth year: see requirement under fourth-Year subjects.)
BANKRUPTCY-One or two hours a week, as announced by the
instructor. Given in 1923-24 and alternate years. (Jurisdiction;
adjudicatory acts of bankruptcy; fraudulent conveyances; preferences;
claims; procedure.) Holbrook &amp; Aigler's Cases on Bankruptcy.
·
Professor Kocourek.
COMMON LAW PROCEDURE III (GENERAL)-Two hours a week.
Given in 1922-23 and alternate years. (An advance course on common law procedure, exclusive of pleading.) Hinton's Cases on Trial
Practice. Professor Millar.
COMMON LAW PROCEDURE III (ILLINOIS)-Two hours a week.
Given in 1923-24, and alternate years. (A course on Illinois common
law practice; the courts; venue; service of process; return or proof
of service; objections to process, service and return; appearance;
statutory requisites in relation to declaration and pleas; bill of particulars; inspection of documents; set-off; motion to strike; judgment
by default or nil dicit; modes of trial; proceedings on trial by juryimpanelling jury; presentation of the case; argument of counsel; instructions to jury; non-suit, demurrer to evidence; motion to direct,
verdict and special findings; motion for new trial; motion in arrest;
motion for judgment non abstante veredicto; trial before judgepropositions of law, special findings; entry of judgment; bill of exceptions; motion to correct errors of fact; error, appeal and certeorari.) Instructor's syllabus. Professor Millar.
EsTOPPEL AND DECEIT-One hour a week. Given in 1923-24
and alternate years. (A study of the contrasting elements in estoppel,
deceit, and contract.) Selected cases. Professor Wigmore.
FEDERAL TAXATION-Two hours a week. (A study of the
various forms of federal taxation and of decisions thereon.) Instructor's syllabus. Mr. Thulin.
PARTNERSHIP AND UNINCORPORATED Assoc1ATIONS -Two
hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and alternate years. (Lectures and
class-room discussion of principal topics, including nature of relationship, partners' interest and title in partnership property, including
title passing by sale, execution and inheritance; right of creditors,
both against partners and their property, dissolution and distribution

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION

23

of partnership property; powers inter esse, and in their relationship
to strangers and dealers.) Case-book to be announced. Professor
Little.
REAL PROPERTY III-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24 and
alternate years. ( Future interests, illegal conditions and restraints
on alienation.) Kales' Cases on Future Interests (large ed.). Professor - - - - ANo--First semester electives listed above under the second year
that are not taken by the student in that year.
Second Semester
(Group VI-In Third year: Five hours to be elected each
semester. In Fourth year: see requirement under Fourth-Year subjects.)
CONVEYANCING-Two hours a week. (A study of real estate
conveyancing; examination of titles; preparation of opinions of title.)
Instructor's syllabus and abstracts. Professor Greeley.
CORPORATION PRACTICE-One hour a week, for eight weeks.
(A practical course, with forms and precedents, in the organization
and conduct of corporations based on the provisions of the Illinois
General Corporation Law as a type.) Instructor's syllabus. Mr.
Hoffman.

CoDE PLEADING-Two hours a week. Given in 1922-23 and
alternate years. (The rules of pleading under the American Codes,
considered in comparison with those of the common law and equity
systems; the nature and theory of actions; parties to actions; complaint; answer; reply; and demurrer.) Hinton's Cases on Code
Pleading. Professor Millar.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURE-One hour a week. Given in 1922-23
and alternate years. (A brief survey of the principles of criminal
procedure, as applied in American courts. The course also aims to
acquaint the student with the leading proposals in the current movement for reform.) Mikell's Cases on Criminal Procedure (abridged
ed.), and selected material. Professor Millar.
FEDERAL JURISDICTION-Two hours a week. Given in 1922-23
and al tern ate years. (Source; administration of civil and criminal

�24

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

law by Federal courts; procedure, original and appellate.)
to be announced. Professor Greeley.
FEDERAL TAX (Continued)-Two hours a week.

Case-book

FOURTH YEAR
No fourth-year student may carry more than twelve hours per
week of lectw·e work exclusive of the specifically required courses of
the fourth year and any course in Illinois Law, other than Illinois
Practice, except by permission of the Faculty Committee on Registration.
First Semester

(Group VII-All required, except Illinois Law for non-Illinois
students. Remaining required hours to be selected from subjects not
already taken.)
CONFLICT OF LAWS-Three hours a week. (Jurisdiction over
persons and things, including domicile and taxation, and jurisdiction
of courts, whether in rem, in personam, or quasi in rem; the creation,
recognition and enforcement of rights, whether personal or of property, whether ex delicto or ex contractu, whether substantive or
remedial, where the law of another state or country has to be considered by the court.) Beale's Cases on Conflict of Laws. Professor
CONSTITUTIONAL LAw-Two hours a week. (The Constitution
.of the United States and its interpretation.) Wambaugh's Cases on
Constitutional Law. Professor Bruce.
ILLINOIS LAw-Four hours a week. (Designed to furnish instruction in the local law of the State, as distinguished from the
general law of Anglo-America; to cultivate a scientific treatment of
the State law as an independent body of law, and to furnish the
advanced student with an experience in the critique of judicial precedents emanating from a single court.) Each subject is dealt with in
four lectures, with an examination after the fourth lecture. Four
courses, or sixteen lectures, equal one semester-hour. Various lecturers, specialists in the respective topics.
Second Semester
(Group VIII-All required, except Illinois Law and Illinois
Practice for non-Illinois students, and Mining Law. Remaining
required hours to be selected from subjects not already taken.)

�25

COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW (Continued,)-Two hours a week.
fessor Bruce.
ILLINOIS LAW
lectures.

(Continued)-Four hours a week.

Pro-

Various

INTERNATIONAL LAW III - Two hours a week. (Extent of
treaty making power of United States; effect of war as to dissolution
of treaties; adjudication of international differences by compulsory
process; claims; international air law in time of peace; property
rights of foreigners in certain jurisdictions; rights of United States
to expel or deport undesirable aliens.) Text to be announced. Associate Professor Watson.
INSURANCE-Two hours a week. Given in 1923-24 and alternate years. ( History and development; consideration of variom;
forms of insurance; statutory provisions regulating conduct of inWamsurance companies and effecting policies of insurance.)
baugh's Cases on Insurance. Professor Hall.
MORTGAGES-Two hours a week. (Covers in outline the law
of mortgages, giving special attention to real estate mortgages.)
Durfee's Cases on Mortgages. Professor Greeley.
PRACTICE I (PRACTICE CouRT)-Two hours a week, at a single
session. ( Here causes are prepared and conducted by students as
counsel. The instructor sits as Judge, with or without a jury, according to the nature of the case. Orders of court are drafted by studentcounsel. In addition to the performance of the court work assigned,
the student is required to keep accurate minutes of all the judicial
business transacted; to do such reading on the subject of forensic
practice as may be allotted, and to pass a satisfactory examination at
the end of the C()urse.) Professor Millar.
SuRETYSHIP AND GUARANTY-Two hours a week. Given in
and al tern ate years. ( Lectures and class-room discussion of
principal topics, including nature of the obligation; defenses; subrogation; indemnity; contribution; exoneration.) Ames' Cases on
Suretyship. Professor Little.
I 923-24

�26

NORTHWESTERN

3.

UNIVERSITY LAW

SCHOOL

COURSES IN ILLINOIS LAW

Some twenty short courses on Illinois Law are given every year
by a special corps of lecturers.
THE PURPOSES OF THE COURSES

The purposes of these courses are:

(I) To furnish instruction in the local law of the State, as
distinguished from the general law of Anglo-America.

(2) .To cultivate a scientific treatment of the State law as an
independent body of law.
(3) To furnish the advanced student with an experience in the
critique of judicial precedents emanating from a single court.
The courses are intended for third or fourth year students, alumni,
and graduates who come from schools in other States to the Illinois
bar.
MODE OF CONDUCTING THE COURSES

The lecturers are ( with one exception) all alumni of the school,
having an experience of from five to fifteen years at the bar. In
each instance the lecturer's subject is one in which his special
experience at the bar has given him a particular interest.
The topics selected are usually four under each subject, one for
each hour; each subject receiving four hours; and the topics within
each subject are or may be changed in part from year to year. Two
lectures a week are given in each course; usually two courses are
proceeding at the same time.
The work of the class is done by studying beforehand a select
list of leading cases. A syllabus list of these cases is distributed
before the opening of each course. Each lecturer employs the mode
of exposition that seems to him best,-a formal lecture, discussion,
etc. An examination is held in each course; and work done is
credited proportionately towards a degree, like work done in other
courses of the curriculum.

�COURSES OF INSTRUCTION
4.

27

EXERCISES IN FORENSIC WRITING, SPEAKING
AND PRACTICE

As a part of the systematic instruction represented in the foregoing curriculum, an effort is made to provide adequate training in
the practical use of legal knowledge and in certain important forms
of legal writing and speaking which help materially to equip the
accomplished lawyer. Some of the various branches of work
directed to this end are as follows:

Pleadings and Other Instruments-The courses on Common Law
Pleading, Code Pleading, and Equity Pleading, in addition to the
study of the legal sources, include exercises in the drafting of the
various kinds of pleadings. In other courses, particularly in Commercial Paper, Carriers, Insurance, Transactional Documents, attention is paid to the forms of instruments in common use.
Conveyancing-In the course on Conveyancing the chief material
consists of a series of selected abstracts of title representing a great
variety of documents and proceedings involving property rights. A
copy of each abstract is purchased by each member of the class and a
detailed study of matters of form and substanc.e is made from the
conveyancer's point of view, and with regard to the laws of different States. Thorough work in this course ought to equip the
student as a practical conveyancer at the time of his entering upon
his profession. No one may take this course who has not taken the
courses Property I and II.
Trial Practice-The courses on Procedure and Practice give a
systematic and detailed survey of the rules of law. The course on
Evidence includes an auxiliary drill in the use of the rules. Tlie
Practice Court gives the third year student opportunity to become
practically familiar with these rules by the application of them in
litigation managed by himself. The sessions of the Court are held
weekly, ~n Thursday evenings, for two hours. During each session
from one to three cases are tried, with and without a jury; and
other cases are disposed of in various aspects. Between the sessions,
causes are being prepared and advanced from stage to stage by the
student-attorneys in charge. While the proc.eedings are dispatched
at the hearings by the respective attorneys, all members of the class
are required to attend, to make notes, and to report on the work
done. A faithful attention to this course ought to give the graduate
experience in the use of legal knowledge that will materially assist

�28

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY LAW

SCHOOL

him in starting in his profession. The systematic pursuit of such
a course under an experienced instructor affords the student results more thorough, accurate, and extensive than can be obtained
in the desultory service of a law office during a long period. A copy
of the printed Rules of the Practice Court will be mailed upon
request.

Editorial Wark-To edit and digest for the profession the opinion
and record of a decided case is of great value in cultivating the skill
required in preparing briefs and analyzing precedents. Each year
not more than seven second and third-year students of known ability
are appointed Associate Editors of the Illinois Law Review, to digest
manuscript decisions of the Appellate Court. ·

Legal Clinic-Members of the third-year class are assigned for
nine hours a week for one semester to the main office and the district
offices of the Legal Aid Bureau of the United Charities of Chicago,
where they work under the direction of a member of the Law School
faculty and the five attorneys of the Bureau. In addition, the class
meets one hour a week at the Law School for instruction. An examination is given at the end of the course and a passing grade required
of all students before graduation.

Publications
THE ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW

The eighteenth volume of the Illinois Law Review began with
the number for May, 1923. Subscriptions, $3 .00 per year, should be
mailed to the Business Manager, Illinois Law Review, Northwestern
University Building, Chicago.
This periodical is published monthly, except during the months of
June, July, August, and September, by the Faculty, alumni, and
students of the Law School. The aim of the publishers is to provide
a legal journal of interest and value to lawyers throughout the United
St~tes. Each number contains leading articles of general interest,
book reviews, notes on cases, and a digest of the latest decisions of the
Illinois Appellate Court, made from the records.
The Board of Editors for 1922-1923 is constituted as follows:

�29

HONORS, PRIZES, AND SCHOLARSHIPS

EDITOR- IN-C H IEF

Albert Kocourek
BOARD OF MAN AGI N G EDIT ORS

Frederic B. Crossley
Henry C. H all
Robert W. Millar
Charles B. Elder
Albert Kocourek
John H. Wigmore
Na than W illiam MacChesney
ASSOCIATE EDITORS

Undergraduat es

Kent G. Chetlain
George E. Billett
Vance E. Fisher

Charles M. Price
James F. Oates, Jr.
Owen F. Rall

Hubert Van Hook
Winslow Whitman
Thomas G. McBride

Faculty and Bar

Charles G . Little
Edwin C. Austin
James J. Forstall
Elmer M. Leesman
Cecil Barnes
Louis M. Greeley
Andrew A. Bruce
William H. Haight Albert S. Long
H arris C. Lutkin
Louis G. Caldwell
Herbert Harley
Mitchell D. Follansbee Richard Y. Hoffman Theodore Schmidt
.
Charles C. Hyde
Ex-officio, R. Allan Stephens, Secretary, Illinois State Bar Association
THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY

The fourteenth volume of the Journal of th e A merican Institut e
of Criminal Law and Criminology began with the number for M ay,
1923. Subscriptions, $3.50 a year, should be mailed to the Managing
Editor, Northwestern University Building, Chicago.
This periodical is published bi-monthly by Northwestern University for the American Institute of Criminal L aw and Criminology.
Its purpose is to further the development of the science of criminology
and the administration of criminal law. It is the only j.ournal of its
kind published in the English language.

Honors, Prizes, and Scholarships
Honor List. For the Honor List are eligible the following students: those who (I) have received one or more A's ( a C or D to
cancel an A) ; ( 2) have received , if Fi rst Year students, no D; if

�30

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY

LAW

SCHOOL

Second Year students, not more than one D; ( 3) have received a total
credit, if First Year students, of fifteen hours, or more, of A and B;
if Second Year students, a total credit of thirty-three hours, or more,
of A and B; if Third Year students, a total credit of fifty-seven hours,
or more, of A and B. This eligible list shall be placed before the
Faculty at the first meeting of each school year, and by vote based
on all data of scholarship, the Faculty shall select the names to be
included in the Honor List.
The order of arrangement shall be alphabetical for the whole list;
except that by vote the Faculty shall select two, three, or four names
to be placed at the beginning in a special group entitled Highest
Honors.
Credits obtained at other schools shall be reckoned (not to exceed
twenty-two) in computing total credits for admission to the Honor
List; but such A credits, in fixing the order of rank, shall not avail
to rank the holder above a person having a greater number of A's
for work done in this School.

Honor List, 1922-1923
CLASS OF 1923

Highest Honors
William Holden Noble
George Edwin Billett
Charles Cranston Spray
Henry Dunster Costigan
Honors
Henry Joseph Samuels
Kent Gladstone Chetlain
Fred Schroeder
Vance Evanston Fisher
Harry Thorn
Gustav Harry Friend
George Henry Weinmann
Joseph B. Lynch
Lewis Jerome West
Charles Morgan Price
CLASS OF 1924

Highest Honors
James Franklin Oates, Jr.
Owen Frederic Ra~l

Malcolm Mecartney

Honors
Thomas Garth McBride
Winslow Whitman
CLASS OF 1925

Clarence August Kuehl

Highest Honors
Hubert Van Hook

�HONORS, PRIZES, AND SCHOLARSHIPS

31

J-[ onors
Harold Carlyle Adsit
.Ralph Joseph Riley

Frederick Sterling Scott
Darwin Howard Wolford

The Order of the Coif, Northwestern Chapter-A national
scholarship organization instituted in 1907. Its purpose is the encouragement of scholarship and the advancement of ethical standards
in the legal profession. Each chapter annually elects from the senior
class a number of persons, not exceeding ten per cent of the class,
ranking highest in scholarship, provided that any person whose character unfits him for membership in the order may be rejected.
MEMBERS ELECTED, 1922

George Henry Gould
Edward Graton Ince

Thomas Robert Johnston
Harry Le Roy Jones
Louis Kaplan
Award of the Class of 1924-An award in the form of a silver
cup to be presented in the spring of each year to the student of the
First-Year Class who has obtained the highest standing in his
course as pursued during the two terms immediately preceding the
award:
The cup is to remain the property of the University, but placed
in the custody of the winner each year after his name and the date
of award have been engraved thereon. At the end of one year the
winner returns the cup to the Law School for delivery to the winner
for that year. After ten consecutive years the cup is to be returned
to the Law School where it shall permanently remain . Awarded in
1922 to Owen F. Rall with honorable mention to James F. Oates, Jr.
The Callaghan Prize-A prize of $50 in books, to be selected
from publications of Messrs. Callaghan &amp; Co., is awarded for the
best record in scholarship for entire course. Awarded in 1922 to
Louis Kaplan.
The Faculty Prize-A prize of $25, the gift of the Faculty of the
Law School, is awarded the student of the graduating class who has
the second best record in scholarship for the entire course. Awarded
in 1922 to George Henry Gould.
The Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law-From the
income of a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship yielding an annual income of $ 150 has been established and will
be awarded annually. An additional bequest from the same estate
provides for scholarships in the College of Liberal Arts and in the

�32

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY

LAW

SCHOOL

Medical School. Awarded by the Law School in 1922 to George
Henry Weinmann.
The Follansb ee Prize-A prize of $50, the gift of Mitchell Davis
Follansbee, Esq., is awarded to the writer of the best thesis on some .
subject relating to L egal E th ics. Not awarded in 1923.
The Hyde Prize-The interest on a fund of $700, the gift of
Charles Cheney Hyde,
Esq., is awarded not oftener than once in two
I
years to the writer of the best thesis on some subject relating to
International Law. Not awarded in 1923.
The MacChesn ey Prizes- As a first prize, a framed etched or
engraved portrait of one of the eminent American or English jurists
to be selected by the prize-winner; and as a second prize, the complete
works of one of the eminent American or English legal authors
to be selected by the prize-winner, the gift of Na than W illiam
MacChesney, Esq., are awarded to those members of the second
or third-year classes who shall submit before June I the best
essay on some topic connected with the subjects of Courses B, BA,
and C, in the Courses of Reading on Legal History, Biography, and
Jurisprudence. The prizes are awarded by a committee consisting
of the Dean of the School, the Editor-in-Chief of the Illinois Law
Review, and a third person to be selected by them. The successful
papers are published in the Illinois Law Review.
The Jurisprudence Prize- A prize of $50 for a documented
original study by a student in the Law School on a topic in formal
or historical jurisprudence, or philosophy of law. The conditions
governing contrib1,1 tions and the award shall be prescribed by the
Dean, and the author of any study accepted shall grant the right of
publication to the Illinois L aw Review.
The Gage Prize in D ebate- Students of the Law School may
compete for the Gage Prize, as described in the Annual Catalog.
The Charles A. Ko epke Prize- A prize of $100, the gift of
Charles Albert Koepke, 1899, is awarded annually to a student of
the second or third-year class who is partially or wholly dependent
upon his earnings while studying, and who by his scholarship and
general conduct has shown some evidence of his future usefulness to
society. Awarded in 1922 to George Henry Weinmann.
Oratorical Contest of the Northern Oratorical League~Students
of the Law School who have completed not more than four years of
under~raduate study are eligible to compete for appointment as representatives of the University in the contests of the Northern Oratorical
League.
·

�33

FEES AND EXPENSES

M onitorships-Nine students, of good standing in scholarship,
are appointed annually in July as assistan t librarians and monitors.
These receive one hundred and fifty dollars each, in compensation for
their services. Applications for appointmen ts should be addressed to
the Secretary of the School.

Fees and Expenses
Matriculation fee, paid on firs t admission to the University
and but once ............. . .............. . .. ..... . $ 5.00
Tuition fee, per academic year of 9 months, for the first three
years ( payable in three in stallments-October 5, J anu ary
5, April 5) .... . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . 225.00
For the last year of the four-year course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . roo.oo
Tuition for summer term. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 5.00
Special Course Fees:
Special stud en ts, for each semester-hour of class work . . .
Course in Patent Law ....... . .... . .......... . .. . . .
Graduation fee .... ..... . .. ...... . .. . .. . .. .. .. . . .

15.00
2 5 .00
20.0 0

Fees for ·tuition and other school expenses are payable strictly in
advance. If not paid w hen due, an addition of $2 .00 is made for
deferred payment.

Refunds-The matriculation fee is in no case returnable. N o fees
for instruction will be refunded except in case of sickn ess. If on
acco unt of serious illness a stu dent withdraws before the middle of
a term, one-half of his tuition for that term w ill be ref unded, provided he secures from the Dean a statement of ho norable standi ng,
and from a physician a certificate that his health w ill not permi t h im
to remain in attendance. No application for a refu nd will be considered unless made before the close of the semester for which the fee
was paid.
UNrvERSlTY NoT RESPONSIBLE FOR PERSONAL LossEs
The University is not responsible for the loss of any personal
property belongin g to any of the students in any building owned
by the University, whether the loss occurs by theft , fire, or an unknown cause.

For furth er information relating to the Law School, address th e
Secretary of the Law School, Northwestern U niversity Building ,
Lake and D earborn Streets, Chicago, Illinois.

�34

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

Revised List of Officers of the Alumni Association
GENERAL OFFICERS ( 1923-1924)

President, Homer H. Cooper, '14, 35 North Dearborn St.,
Chicago.
First Vice-President, Adam C. Cliffe, '99, Judge, Illinois Circuit
Court, Sycamore, Ill.
Second Vice-President, Walter M. Pierce, '96, Governor of
Oregon, Salem, Oregon.
Third Vice-President, Elbert H. Gary, '67, Chairman United
States Steel Corporation, 71 Broadway, New York City.
Treasurer, Samuel E. Knight, '91, State Bank of Chicago,
Chicago.
Secretary, George A. Berry, Jr., 'I 5, 10 So. La Salle Street,
Chicago.
The Alumni Association has been engaged in forming local
Branches of the Association in every State and Territory in which
there are Alumni of the School, as well as in each judicial district of
Illinois outside of Cook county. The object of the formation of these
Branches is to promote mutual acquaintance and helpfulness among
those Alumni who are locally associated in practice. The list of
officers selected up to the present date is as follows:
STATE BRANCHES

Alabama, William H. H. Judson, '65, Bessemer, Vice-President.
Arizona, John L. Gust, '09, Phoenix, Vice-President; Floyd M.
Stahl, '12, Phoenix, Secretary.
California (Northern), Theodore W. Hubbard, '96, Phelan Bldg.,
San Francisco, Secretary.
California (Southern), George P. Adams, '87, Title Insurance
Bldg., Los Angeles, Secretary.
Colorado, A. Lee Doud, Ernst &amp; Cranmer Bldg., Denver, Secretary.
Indiana, Thaddeus M. Talcott, Jr., '96, South Bend, Secretary.
Iowa, Robt. L. Welch, '03, New York City, Secretary.
Kentucky, J. Clyde Nelson, '88, Sharpsburg, Secretary.
Minnesota, Hon. Homer B. Dibell, '90, Duluth, Vice-President; A
B. Choate, '83, Los Angeles, Cal.

•

�35

ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

Missouri, Jacob A. Harzfeld, '97, 525 New York Life Bldg., Kansas
City, Secretary.
Montana, Richard A. Harlow, '85, Helena, Secretary.
Nebraska, Hon. William J. Bryan, '83, Lincoln, Secretary.
New England, Hon. Sewell W. Abbott, '83, Wolfborough, VicePresident; William F. Poole, Jr., '93, 45 Milk St., Boston,
Secretary.
New York, Hon. E. H. Gary, '67, New York City, Vice-President;
William F. Myers, '93, Amsterdam, Secretary.
North Dakota, Edward R. Sinkler, '96, Grafton, Secretary.
Oklahoma, George G. Barnes, '05, Oklahoma City, Vice-President.
Pennsylvania, Forest G. Moorhead, '01, Beaver, Secretary.
Texas, Edward W. Hander, '94, Waco, Secretary.
Virginia, Clair E. Crawford, '97, Norfolk, Secretary.
Washington, Howard N. Waterman, 'oo, Stuart Bldg., Seattle,
Secretary.
Hawaii, Carl S. Carlsmith, '96, Hilo, Secretary.
Mexico, Hon. Wm. A. MacLaren, University Club, New York City,
Vice-President.
BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN

ILLINOIS

SECRETARIES

(Numbers refer to Districts)
4. Charles H. Holt, '92, Salem.
5. Frank C. Van Sellar, '97, Paris.
6. Thomas N. Cofer, '96, Charleston.
7. John A. Barber, '97, Farmers' Nat'l Bank Bldg., Springfield.
8. John D. Gray, '94, 431 S. Dearborn St., Chicago.
9. Conrad G. Gumbert, '95, Macomb.
12. C. M. C. Buntain, '02, 401 Cobb Bldg., Kankakee.
13. Max Murdock, '05, Streator.
14. William J. Sweeney, '95, Rock Island.
15. Solon W. Crowell, '96, Oregon.
16. Ira C. Copley, '99, Aurora.
17. John E. Goembel, '91, 502 E. State St., Rockford.

�36

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL

The Young Men's Christian Association
The Young Men's Christian Association of Chicago has established a branch which carries on work in the three Schools in the
University Building· and which is in charge of a trained Secretary
who devotes his entire time to work among the students in the building. In addition to its religious and social work, the Association
maintains a list of approved rooming and boarding places in Chicago
and Evanston and a student employment bureau.
All students are invited to make the Association rooms their headquarters during the year. As far as possible new students will be met
at the train by an Association man wearing a badge. Those desiring
to be so met will please write a few days in advance to Y. M. C. A.,
Northwestern University Building, Chicago, indicating clearly on
what train they are to reach Chicago, and over what road they are
to come.
EXECUTIVE SECRETARY
CLIFFORD D. PARKER
31 W. Lake St., Chicago
COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT FOR 1923-24
FREDERIC B. CROSSLEY, Law, Chairman
CHARLES W. PATTERSON, Medicine, Treasure r
ROBERT E. BLACKWELL, Dental
FREDERICK MENGE, Medicine
HENRY P. DUTTON, Commerce

�REGISTER OF

STUDENTS

37

Register of Students, 1922-1923
Adeszko, Thaddeus, University of Chicago .............. Chicago
Adsit, Harold Carlyle, Northwestern University... . . : . Hoopeston
Anderson, Gustav A., Northwestern University ...... Salem, Oregon
Aronson, Julius, Northwestern University ............... Chicago
Arquero, hdel C., B.A., University of lowa.Narvacan, I Sur.(P. I.)
Barnes, George S., D.D.S., Howard University ........... Chicago
Barnet, Lawrence Theodore, North western, Dartmouth College.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glencoe
Barnett, Robert Lucius ........................... Atlanta, Ga.
Hass, Bernice Edith .............. , ...... ·..... . Memphis, Tenn.
Beamish, Harold L ................................. Sycamore
Bellair, John Francis ................................. Chicago
Billet, George Edwin .... .- ....................... :Melrose Park
Bisbee, George Allen, M.S., Case School of Science; M.A., University of Chicago .......................... Cleveland, Ohio
Boaz, Sophia B. , A.B., Fisk University; LL.B., Chicago-Kent
College of Law ............ . ..................... Chicago
Booker, William Atkinson, A.B., Ark. Baptist College ....... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Rock, Ark.
Boudreau, James C .................................. Chicago
Braden, Zedrick Thomas, AB., Fisk University .... Nashville, Tenn.
Brandwein, David ....... .. .......................... Chicago
Branower, David, B.S., Northwestern University .......... Chicago
Brenner, Samuel Lewis .. . ..... . ...................... Chicago
Brown, Henry Darte, AB., Talladega College ... Washington, D. C.
Brown, Jesse H., A.B., Northwestern University .......... Chicago
Bullinger, Reginald Arthur, LL.B., Northwestern University ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evanston
Bunge, George Herbert ........ . ... . ........... Downers Grove
Carmody, Fred Patrick, University of Chicago ...... Anderson, Ind.
Case, Justin ........................................ Chicago
Castle, Latham, Northwestern University ............... Sandwich
Cauley, James Byrne ............... . ................. Chicago
Chamberlin, James Marlette, University of Iowa .. Davenport, Iowa
Cheetham, Joseph MacDonald .................. Spokane, Wash.
Chetlain, Kent Gladstone , A.B., Northwestern University .. Chicago
Chilgren, Arthur Dewey, Northwestern University. Burlington, Iowa
Cirese, Helen M., LL.B., DePaul University ..... . ..... Oak Park
Clark, Sherman W., A.B., Northwestern University ... Garrett, Ind.
Clauson, James Ephraim, B.S., Northwestern University ... C:cero

�38

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY

LAW

SCHOOL

Coker, Robert Jefferson, Jr., University of Michigan ......... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yazoo City, Niiss.
Costigan, Henry Dunster, A.B., Harvard University ..... l!,vanston
Coyle, Robert A., Northwestern University .............. Chicago
Cummings, Joseph Winter, A.B., University of Michigan ... Chicago
Cunningham, Ralph Sterling ....................... Atlanta, Ga.
lJeBolt, Edward lvan, B ..Ped., Valparaiso ·University ...... Chicago
Dempsey, John T., Jr., Notre Dame , University ........... Chicago
Donigan, Kobert Lucas ............................. Maywood
Dunne, R. Jerome, A.B., University of Michigan .......... Chicago
Dwiggins, Homer LeRoy C., B.S., Northwestern University ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kvanston
Edmonds, Thomas Sechler, AB., Harvard University ... Kenilworth
Eklund, Larned Vernon, Augustana College .......... Rock Island
Feigen, Arthur Paul, Northwestern University ............ Chicago
Feit, Edward J., LL.D., DePaul University ............. Chicago
Feng, Chi, Arts and Law degrees, Shansi College ..... Shansi, China
Fernandez de Leon, Serafin R ................. Iloilo, Paney, P. I.
Fisher, Vance Evanston, Northwestern ...... Benton Harbor, Mich.
Fitzgerald, Thomas S., A.B., St. Ignatius College .......... Chicago
Fitzhugh, Laura Davis, M.A., Ward Seminary .......... Chicago
Fleisher, Samuel H., Northwestern University ............ Chicago
Flint, Farris A., Northwestern University ...... . . Vincennes, Ind.
Follett, Lothrop Frank, A.B., University of Wisconsin ..... Ottawa
Frank, Melville David ......................... Columbus, Ohio
Friend, Gustav Harry, Northwestern University ......... Chicago
Fujii, Tatsuya, Imperial University of Tokyo ........ Tokyo, Japan
Gadek, Michael ..................................... Chicago
Gallagher, Charles Joseph ............................. Chicago
Gay, Russell Conwell, A.B., Ohio State University ........ Chicago
Gerhard, Clarence Henry, LL.B., John Marshall Law School. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chicago
Ginsburg, Roderick Alseich, University of Chicago ........ Chicago
Gower, Benjamin Gray, University of Michigan ........ Kankakee
Goldberg, Max Emanuel, Ph.B., University of Chicago ....... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Duluth, Minn.
Gonzalez, Antonio Atyan, University of Washington ......... .
• • • • • • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iba, Zambalez, P. I.
Hagen, Charles McKinley .......................... Deer Plain
Hall, Helen Dawson, A.B., University of Illinois ......... Chicago
Hall, Huston Hamilton ............................... Chicago
Hamrick, Barnette Edgar, Northwestern University ...... Chicago

�REGISTER OF STUDENTS

39

Hanover, A. Everett .......................... Memphis, Tenn.
Hansen, Alvin Felix ................................. Huntley
Hansen, Austin ....................................... Elgin
Hart, Dean Ethaniel, Howard University .... . ........... Chicago
Heffernan, Gerald .Kobert ............................. Chicago
Hennessey, Sadie Ruth, B.S., Lewis Institute ............ Chicago
Hickson, William ]., AB., Pittsburgh College ........... Chicago
Himmilstein, Israel Isaac, B.S., Lewis Institute ........... Chicago
Himstead, Ralph Ebner, AB., University of Illinois; LL.B.,
Northwestern University ................. Mt. Vernon, Iowa
Hoaglin, Fred S ............................... St. John, Kans.
Hogue, Lorin L., Ohio State .......... . ........ Montpelier, Ohio
Holbrook, Harvey W ........................ Kalamazoo, Mich.
Holbrook, Walter William ................... Kalamazoo, Mich.
Horn, Oliver, Washington University ........ Webster Groves, Mo.
Inkster, Lawrence William, N cirthwestern University .... Herscher
Jingheuzian, Ben, University of Wisconsin; University of
Chicago ........................................ Chicago
Johnson, Hildah Alden .......... . .................... Chicago
Jones, William M., AB., St. Mary's University ............ Joliet
Jordan, John B. , Jr. ................... . ............. Chicago
Katz, David, Drake University ............... ........... Chicago
Keating, Henry Edward ........ . ...................... Aurora
Kinnare, Robert Edward, University of Illinois ...... . .. LaGrange
Klonowski, Louis ]., LL.B., DePaul University .......... Chicago
Knox, LeRoy John . . ................................ Chicago
Kobrzynski, Joseph Stanley, LL.B., Chicago-Kent College of Law
............ . .................................. Chicago
Kramer, Max Carl, LL.B., Chicago Law School. ......... Chicago
Kuehl, Clarence August .................... Campbellsport, Wis.
Levin, Tillie Cecile, University of Wisconsin ........ Wausau, Wis.
Levine, Herman .............................. McKeesport, Pa.
Libonati, Roland Victor, AB., Michigan University ...... Chicago
Lieberman, Jack ..................................... Chicago
Little, Merritt Tohnson, Ph.B., University of Chicago .... Sycamore
Little, Robert Ethan, LL.B., Georgetown University ..... Evanston
Lorentz, Earl W .................................... Chicago
Lorfeld, Meta M. , American Gymnastic Union College .... Chica{;O
Lorick, James Thomp•on, AB., Biddle University ... St. Louis, Mo.
Luster, Julian Jav. A .B., Universi,ty of Illinois ............ Chicago
Luther. Frank Watson ............................... Chicago
Lutrell, Virgil Columbus, AB., Northwestern University ..... .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . San Benito, Texas

�40

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY LAW

SCHOOL

Lynch, Joseph B ................................ Muncie, Ind.
McAlister, Benjamin H .............................. Chicago
McBride, Thomas Garth, B.S., Northwestern University ... Chicago
McCabe, James Martin, A.B., Georgetown University ..... Chicago
McConnell, Vincent Dye, A.B., University of California ... Chicago
McCoy, Alice B ..................................... Chicago
McKenna, Philip J., Jr. .............................. Chicago
McLa~ghli?, Helen Collins, Millikin University; Northwestern .
Un1vers1ty ........ ... ........ ... ................. Peona
McLaughlin, Robb Sheaff, B.S., Northwestern University .... Peoria
Ma, George Ging Hsing, A.B., Shanghai College; LL.B., Soochow University; M.A., and J.D., Northwestern University
................................. Yangchow, Kiang, China
Makovsky, Frank J .................................. Chicago
Matthews, Blayney F., University of Chicago ...... Dubuque, Iowa
Matthews, Thomas A. , A.B., Northwestern University ... Evanston
Meagher, James Francis, University of Chicago ........... Chicago
Mecartney, Malcolm, A.B., Northwestern University ..... Hinsdale
Meneley, James Lucas ...... .. ...................... Wilmette
Merenkow, Basil, Gymnasia ..... .. ......... . . East Chicago, Ind.
Miehle, Robert ............... .... .................. Chicago
Miller, Phillip Eade ................ . .............. Wyoming
Mishkin, Jule, Crane Junior College .................... Chicago
Mitchell, Leon Albert, LL.B., Chicago Law School . . ..... Chicago
Morrice, Frederick William ....................... Goshen, Ind.
Myers, Josiah Andrew ............. .. .............. Glen Ellyn
Nelson, Charles Leonard ........................ Duluth, Minn.
Neu, Arthur B., A.B., Northwestern University ..... Carrol, Iowa
Noble, William Holden, A.B., Williams College .. ....... Evanston
Nudelman, Oscar M., University of Chicago ............. Chicago
Oates, James Franklin, Jr., A.B., Princeton University .... Evanston
Olenick, Max Matthew ............................. Evanston
Oliver, David, LL.B. , John Marshall Law School ........ Evanston
Olsen, Sherman, Lewis Institute ........................ Chicago
Olson, Sanford, A.B., Williams College ..... . .. .... .... . Chicago
Owens, Robert E., Northwestern University .. ... West Union, Iowa
Palattao, Marcelo ............... .. ........ Tumauini, Isa, P. I.
Parker, ·Herbert Kendall, Lawrence College ........ Neenah, Wis.
Parry, Leslie Orren, A.B., Cornell College ........... Pierre, S. D.
Parsons, Paul Shumway, A.B., Johns Hopkins .... Roland Park, Md .
Patton, John Henry, Fisk University .................... Chicago
Peace, James Henchel .... . .......... .. .... . .......... Chicago

�REGISTER OF STUDENTS

41

Phelps, Howard Alexander, A.B., Fisk University .. ....... Chicago
Pike, Charles Sherman Bentley, A.B., Williams College .. LaGrange
Poff, Eric La void ............................... Roanoke, Va.
Price, Charles Morgan, A.B., Northwestern University .... Evanston
Price, Edward Simpson, A.B., Dartmouth College ........ Evanston
Quilici, George L., LL.B., DePaul University .. ... ; ...... Chicago
Rabino , Adele, Lewis Institute .............. .... ....... Chicago
Radcliff, Robert Leonard ............................. Chicago
Rall, Owen Fredetic, A.B., Coe College ....... Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Rankin , William Meyer, Northwestern University ..... Cody, Wyo .
. Rathje, Bertram Ehlers, A.B., Beloit College ............ Wheaton
Reyes, Jaime M .... . ............... .. ......... .... .. Chicago
Rice, Abraham A ........................... Des Moines, Iowa
Riley, Ralph Joseph .................................. Chicago
Robb, William Coulter, A.M., Augustana College ........ Berwyn
Robertson, Dorothy R., A.B., Northwestern University .... Chicago
Rohrer, Harold A ......................... Junction City, Kans.
Romano , Michael A., LL.B., Northwestern University .. . . Chicago
Ross, Norman deM ...... .. ................ ·......... Chicago
Russo, William Joseph, University of Illinois ........... . Chicago
Ryan , John P ........... ........... .... ...... . .. . , .. Chicago
Ryan, William Andrews, Dartmouth College . ...... ·... ... Chicago
Sachsel, Milt.on Henry, Ph.B., University of Chicago . . ... Chicago
Samuels, Henry Joseph ............................... Chicago
Scheuner, Fred Joseph , University of Chicago, .... ... .... . Chicago
Schuchter, Mandel .................................. Chicago
Schwab, Charles W., A.B., Northwestern College ....... Naperville
Scott, Frederick Sterling, A.B., Northwestern University .. Evanston
Seeder, Arnold, Ph.B., University of Chicago ............ Chicago
Seids, John William, Jr., A.B., University of Wisconsin .... Moline
Sellar, Tim M., A.B., DePauw University .............. : .. Paris
Shapiro, William, University of Odessa; University of Liege
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . Chicago
Sharp, Mitchell Gabriel .............................. Chicago
Sheehan, Phillip C., LL.B., St. Louis University ........... Cicero
Skrentny, Cecelia M ........... ....... ... Indiana Harbor, Ind.
Smith, William, Northwestern University .............. Oak Park
Spears, Elsie Catherine, Wheaton College .............. Wheaton
Spitz, George, Northwestern University ................. Chicago
Spray, Charles Cranston, A.B., Northwestern University.Beloit, Wis. ·
Springer, Emerson Cash, A.B., James Milliken University. Newman
Steffen, Phillip Trichler, University of Iowa ...... Davenport, Iowa

�42

NORTHWESTERN

UNIVERSITY LAW

SCHOOL

Staton, George Walter, AB., University of Kansas; LL.B., University of Nebraska .............................. Evanston
Stepan, Charlotte E .................................. Chicago
Stibolt, Noble ...................................... Chicago
Stol, Bernard A, University of Chicago .................. Chicago
Sullivan, Arthur· Ambrose, A.B., Northwestern University .. Chicago
Swanberg, Karl Emanuel, AB., Augustana College ..... Waukegan
Templeman, James Dale, University of Illinois ......... Springfield
Thayer, Frank Barnes, Oberlin College ......... ·........ Chicago
Thom, Harry, B.S., Northwestern University ......... . .. Chicago
Thompson, Martin Luther, AB., Mississippi Inds. College .. Chicago
Thrasher, Gatewood Jack, Jr. ................ Montgomery, Ala.
Tinen, John V., B.S., University of Illinois .............. Berwyn
Tipton, Denny Orlando, A.B., University of Kansas ... Lamar, Colo.
Trowbridge, Calvin Durand, AB., Yale University .... Lake Forest
Tucker, John Carlis, A.B., Northwestern University ........ Olney
Van Hook, Hubert .................................. Chicago
Washington, Genoa Sebastian, Miles Memorial College .... Chicago
Weinmann, George· Henry, Crane Junior College .. ... .... Chicago
Weisman, Abraham E ....................... McLaughlin, S. D.
Wells, Perry David, University of Michigan ............... Elgin
West, Lewis Jerome, A.B., Northwestern University ....... Chicago
West, Mahler Ogden, AB., Princeton University ......... Chicago
Whitman, Winslow, A.B., Harvard University .......... Evanston
Whitmer, John Wirt, Stevens Point Normal. .... Springstead, Wis.
Wilson, Edgar Henry, Beloit College ................... Chicago
Wimbish, Christopher C., Howard University ......... Atlanta, Ga.
Wolford, Darwin Howard .................... Hillsboro, N. M.
Wooster, Charles Chandler, Iorthwestern University ...... Amboy
Wrii;ht, DeWitt, Northwestern University .............. Wenona
Zold, John Edward, B.S., Northwestern University ........ Chicago

���NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY
The College of Liberal Arts, located at Evanston, in an ideal
college community, offers special preparation for the professions and
for pursuits requiring broad training.
I

The Medical School is one of the oldest, largest and best equipped.
Seven hospitals are open to students. Clinic material is abundant.
The Law School, the oldest law school in Chicago, offers unexcelled library facilities and courses that prepare for practice in any
state.
The College of Engineering has its own building, beautifully
situated, a model of efficiency. Technical studies in a University
environment.
The Dental School offers expert training in theory and practice.
Facilities are unsurpassed. Its clinic is the largest in the world.
The School of Music affords a scientific preparation for music as
an accomplishment and a profession. It is located at Evanston.
The School of Commerce provides instruction in economics, elementary and corporation finance, commercial law and accounting.
Many lectures from business and professional life.
The School of Speech has its own building and a faculty with
long and successful experience.
For information regarding any school of the University, address
Dr. Walter Dill Scott, Northwestern University Building, Chicago.

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
LAW SCHOOL ALUMNI
ASSOCIATION
(UNION COLLEGE OF LAW)

1923-1924
PRESIDENT

HOMER H. COOPER, '14
35 N. Dearborn St.
Chicago
FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT

ADAM C. CLIFFE, '99
Judge, Illinois Circuit Court
Sycamore, Ill.
SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT

WALTER W. PIERCE, '96
Governor of Oregon
Salem, Oregon
THIRD VICE-PRESIDENT

ELBERTH.GARY
Chairman, United States Steel Corporation
71 Broadway
New York City
TREASURER

SAMUELE. KNIGHT, '91
Attorney for State Bank of Chicago
135 West Washington Street
Chicago
SECRETARY

GEORGE A. BERRY, JR., '15
IO So. La Salle Street
Chicago
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN is published every week by
Northwestern University at Chicago, Illinois. Entered as second-class
matter November 21, 1913, at the postoffice, Chicago, Illinois, under Act
of Congress, August 24, 1912.

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                <text>NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN VOL. XXIV No. SCHOOL OF LAW UNION COLLEGE OF LAW FOUNDED NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO ORTHWESTERN University Bulletin Northwestern University Chicago Illinois. Entered Chicago Illinois Act Congress Northwestern University EVANSTON AND CHICAGO SCHOOL OF LAW Published University Annual Announcement School Law CONTENTS Calendar Sessions Revised List Faculty Founding Purpose Location Law School Elbert H. Gary Library Law Admission Graduation Promotion Pre Course Curriculum General Statement Courses Instruction Courses Illinois Law Exercise Forensic Writing Speaking Practice Illinois Law Review Journal American Institute Criminal Law Criminology Honors Prizes Scholarships Fees Expenses Alumni Association Officers Young Men's Christian Association Register Students Calendar Sessions Administrative Officers Walter Dill Scott President University John Henry Wigmore Dean Frederic Beers Crossley Secretary Librarian John Henry Wigmore Frederic Beers Crossley Professional Ethics Legal Bibliography Albert Kocourek Robert Wyness Millar Andrew Alexander Bruce tCharles Cheney Hyde Charles George Little Louis Greeley Charles Byrd Elder Judgments Extraordinary Legal Remedies Henry Clay Hall Insurance Herbert Lincoln Harley Legislation Richard Yates Hoffman Property Corporation Practice Elmer Martin Leesman Persons Instructor Legal Clinic Frederick Thulin Federal Taxation Charles Hamilton Watson Associate Professor International Law Mitchell Davis Follansbee Office Administration C. Martin Alsager Municipal Corporations Stephen Love Damages Clayton Crawford Instructor Public Speech John Maxcy Zane Anglo American Legal History. Edward H. S. Martin Contracts Harris Carman Lutkin Property FACULTY LECTURERS ON ILLINOIS LAW Meyer Abrams Edwin Charles Austin George Edward Berglund Cecil Barnes Homer Hunt Cooper Robert Oral Farrell Harold L. Feigenholtz James J. Glassner Denis H. Grady William Harrison Haight Richard Yates Hoffman Stephen Love Harris Carman Lutkin George S. Mason John Scott Matthews Walter W. L. Meyer Paul E. Price Stanley Rich Jasper Frederick Rommel Theodore Schmidt George Weischelt Ira E. Westbrook Carl H. Zeiss Founding Purpose Location Law School HE LAW SCHOOL Thomas Hoyne Allegheny Mountains. Henry Booth School University Chicago Northwestern University Union College Law. University Northwestern University School University Graduates School NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Special Illinois. Case School Elbert H. Gary's Library Law School Northwestern University Building Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago Chicago City State Federal Courts School Library Facilities THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY OF LAW Honorable Elbert H. Gary LL.B. LL.D. New York City United States Reports Reports States Territories National Reporter System Lawyers's Reports Annotated Illinois Reports States Union Of British Statutes Reports England Ireland Canada Year Books Besides Modern Anglo American Modern Continental Law European United States. THE ELBERT H. GARY LIBRARY International Law American British Continental West. Ancient Oriental Primitive Law Hindu Mohammedan Hebrew Babylonian Egyptian Greek Chinese Japanese European Roman Civil Law Moritz Voigt Leipzig Germany American Library. Ecclesiastical Law Jurisprudence Philosophy Law American English German French Italian Latin Criminal Law Criminology Anglo American Legal History English Historical Legal Literature Colonial England United States. Latin American Law Mexico Central American South American States Gary Collections Modern Continental Law Supreme Court Legal Bibliography Chicago Law Institute Elbert H. Gary Library. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Requirements Admission REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Candidates Degree Juris Doctor Proof Special Students Proof Supreme Court Illinois Bar Classified Special Students Upon Faculty Faculty IO To School School Faculty Honor List Bachelor Laws Law School. REQUIREMENTS FOR GRADUATION. Degree Juris Doctor Four Three Arts Science Throughout Three ADMISSION AND GRADUATION Not Regulations Applying Requirements Detailed Degree Master Laws Master Laws He Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws University He School Bachelor's He Illinois Law Review. Review. ACADEMIC DEGREES. Law School College Liberal Arts University Law College Liberal Arts Law School Bachelor Arts Science Law School Faculties. Law School Faculty NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Law School Bachelor Arts Science Law School Law School Faculty University Bachelor Science Law. Master's Arts College Liberal Arts University Bachelor's Arts Science Master's Juris Doctor Faculty Liberal Arts Faculty Faculty Law School. Juris Doctor's College Liberal Arts Master's Students Master's College Liberal Arts Law School Master's Law School GRADES OF SCHOLARSHIP. Four School A. ADMISSION AND GRADUATION SPECIFIED COURSES REQUIRED. Courses Instruction. General Survey Law II Professional Speech Professional Ethics Legal Biography General Legal Literature Legal Bibliography Legal Clinic Preparation Transactional Documents Revised Statutes Codes Promotion To Second Year To Third Year To Fourth Year School School Faculty NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Pre Legal Course College Liberal Arts Faculty Law req Law School B.A. Law School B.A. THREE YEAR COURSE First Year Mathematics AI French AA AB Latin AA AB English AI History Second Year Any Physics Chemistry Zoology Botany Geology Astronomy English BI Public Speaking AI Philosophy AI History BI Economics AA Political Science Ai. Third Year Public Speaking Economics Philosophy Psychology History BI CI English Political Science BI FOUR YEAR COURSE First Year Same Second Year Same Third Year Same Fourth Year Economics BI CI Sociology BS CI Psychology History Political Science CI Curriculum GENERAL STATEMENT D. Faculty Law College Liberal Arts University University Catalogue Colleges. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION To To To To Faculty COURSES OF INSTRUCTION FIRST YEAR First Semester GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW One An Robinson's Elementary Law Bays's American Commercial Law Series II VIII. Professor Wigmore. CONTRACTS Three Sealed Costigan's Cases Contracts. Mr. Martin. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL ToRTs Four Torts Wigmore's Select Cases Torts. Professor Wigmore. COMMON LAW PROCEDURE One An Martin's Civil Procedure. Professor Millar. COMMON LAW PROCEDURE II One Millar's Common Law Pleading Keigwin's Precedents Pleading. Professor Millar. CHAITELs Two Professor Kocourek. Origin Bigelow's Cases Property. PROFESSIONAL SPEECH One Lectures Mr. Crawford. DAMAGES One General Beale's Cases Damages. Mr. Love. Second Semester GENERAL SURVEY OF THE LAW II One Nature Lectures. Professor Kocourek. CONTRACTS Continued Three TORTS Continued Two COMMON LAW PROCEDURE II Continued One REAL PROPERTY TITLES Three Introduction Aigler's Cases Titles Real Property. Professor Bruce. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION PROFESSIONAL ETHICS One History Costigan's Cases Legal Ethics. Professor Crossley. LEGAL BIBLIOGRAPHY One State Federal Conducted Professor Crossley. SECOND YEAR No Faculty Committee Registration. First Semester EQUITY JURISDICTION Three Origin Ames's Cases Equity Jurisdiction. Professor Bruce. AGENCY Two Given Creation Reinhard's Cases Agency. Mr. WrLLs Two Given Disposition Costigan's Cases Wills Descent Administration. Mr. Hoffman. SALES Three Given Subject Williston's Cases Sales Uniform Commercial Acts. Professor Kocourek. SALES One Given An incum NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Selected Cases. Williston's Cases Sales. Professor Kocourek. PERSONS Two Parent Infants Kales's Cases Persons. Mr. Leesman. REAL PROPERTY II RIGHTS IN LAND Two Given Rights Bigelow's Cases Rights Land. Professor HISTORY OF BENCH AND BAR Legal Biography One Assigned English American Professor Wi'!} GENERAL LEGAL LITERATURE One Assigned Professor Wigmore. PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANIES AND COMMON CARRIERS Two Given Nature Federal State Beale Wyman's Cases Public Utilities. Professor Elder. INTERSTATE COMMERCE Two Given Interstate Commerce Act Act Commission Act. Also Interstate Commerce Act Frankfurter's Cases Interstate Commerce Act. Professor Elder. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION CRIMIN AL LA Three Anglo American Criminal Law. Beale's Cases Criminal Law. Professor Millar. Second Semester EQUITY JURISDICTION Continued Three Bills Professor Bruce. TRUSTS Four Trusts Scott's Cases Trusts. Professor Bruce. EVIDENCE One Given Summer Session An Wigmore's Principles Judicial Proof. Professor Wig EVIDENCE II Three Wigmore's Select Cases Evidence Professor Wigmore. NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS Three Anglo American Uniform Negotiable Instruments Act. Smith &amp; Moore's Cases Bills Notes. Professor Greeley. QUASI CONTRACTS Two Given Thurston's Cases Quasi Contracts. Mr. Hoff JUDGMENTS AND AUXILIARY LEGAL REMEDIES One Constitution NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Rood's Cases Attachments Garnishments Executions Professor Elder. MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS Two Municipal Corporations. Macy's Cases Municipal Corporations. Mr. Alsager. THIRD YEAR No Illinois Law Illinois Practice Faculty Committee Registration. First Semester PREPARATION OF TRANSACTIONAL DOCUMENTS One Ballan Preparation Contracts Business Documents. Professor Wigmore. REVISED STATUTES COMPILED LAWS AND CODES One Federal State Municipal Professor Wigmore. PRIVATE CORPORATIONS Two Lectures Treatment Warren's Cases Corporations. Professor Little. LEGAL CLINIC Six Given Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago COURSES OF INSTRUCTION Mr. Leesman Attorneys Legal Aid Bureau. Group II Four INTERNATIONAL LAW Two Given Public International Relations Time Peace States States Scott's Cases International Law. Associate Professor fVatson. LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING AND STATUTORY METHODS Two Construction Legislature Jones's Statute Law Making. Professor Harley. ANALYTICAL JURISPRUDENCE Two Persona Terry's Leading Principles Anglo American Law. Professor Kocourek. ROMAN LAw Two Given History Sohm's Institutes Sherman's Roman Law Vol. Professor Kocourek. COMPARATIVE LAw Two Comparative Topics Students No Professor ADMINISTRATIVE LAW One Given Executive Remedies Freund's Cases Administrative Law. Professor Elder. NORTHWESTERN NIVERSITY LA SCHOOL Second Semester Group III All Legal Clinic PRIVATE CORPORATIONS Continued Two LEGAL CLINIC Continued Six Group IV Four INTERNATIONAL LAW II One Public International Law League Nations. No Professor Wigmore. INTERNATIONAL LAW II Two Given International Law Includes International Relations War States. Text Associate Professor Watson. CONTEMPORARY LEGISLATION Two Wigmore's Reference List Problems Contemporary Legislation. Professor Harley. HISTORICAL JURISPRUDENCE Two Given Examination Wigmore Kocourek's Evolution Law Series Vols. II. Professor Kocourek. PHILOSOPHY OF LAw Two Given Schools Modern Legal Philosophy Series Vol. XI. Professor Kocourek. THEORETICAL JURISPRUDENCE Two Given Nature • COURSES OF INSTRUCTION Korkunov's Theory Law. Professor Kocourek. ANGLO AMERICAN LEGAL HISTORY Two Given History Anglo American Lectures Mr. Zane. COMPARATIVE CrVIL PROCEDURE One Given Apart American Germanic Roman Scotland France Italy Germany Sweden Canon Common Law Equity Code Anglo American Engelmann's History Continental Civil Procedure Professor Millar. CRIMINAL SCIENCE One Given Selected Professor Millar. EQUITY PLEADING AND PROCEDURE Two Given mJunctions Rush Equity Pleading Practice Professor Millar. THIRD AND FOURTH YEARS No Illinois Law Illinois Practice Faculty Committee Registration. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL First Semester Group Third Year Five Fourth Year BANKRUPTCY One Given Jurisdiction Holbrook &amp; Aigler's Cases Bankruptcy. Professor Kocourek. COMMON LAW PROCEDURE III GENERAL Two Given An Hinton's Cases Trial Practice. Professor Millar. COMMON LAW PROCEDURE III ILLINOIS Two Given Illinois Instructor's Professor Millar. EsTOPPEL AND DECEIT One Given Selected Professor Wigmore. FEDERAL TAXATION Two Instructor's Mr. Thulin. PARTNERSHIP AND UNINCORPORATED Assoc ATIONS Two Given Lectures COURSES OF INSTRUCTION Case Professor Little. REAL PROPERTY III Two Given Future Kales's Cases Future Interests First Second Semester Group VI Third Five Fourth Fourth Year CONVEYANCING Two Instructor's Professor Greeley. CORPORATION PRACTICE One Illinois General Corporation Law Instructor's Mr. Hoffman. CoDE PLEADING Two Given American Codes Hinton's Cases Code Pleading. Professor Millar. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE One Given American Mikell's Cases Criminal Procedure Professor Millar. FEDERAL JURISDICTION Two Given Source NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Federal Case Professor Greeley. FEDERAL TAX Continued Two FOURTH YEAR No Illinois Law Illinois Practice Faculty Committee Registration. First Semester Group VII All Illinois Law Illinois Remaining CONFLICT OF LAWS Three Jurisdiction Beale's Cases Conflict Laws. Professor CONSTITUTIONAL LAw Two Constitution United States Wambaugh's Cases Constitutional Law. Professor Bruce. ILLINOIS LAw Four Designed State Anglo America State Each Four Various Second Semester Group VIII All Illinois Law Illinois Practice Illinois Mining Law. Remaining COURSES OF INSTRUCTION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Continued Two Professor Bruce. ILLINOIS LAW Continued Four Various INTERNATIONAL LAW III Two Extent United States United States Text Associate Professor Watson. INSURANCE Two Given History Wambaugh's Cases Insurance. Professor Hall. MORTGAGES Two Covers Durfee's Cases Mortgages. Professor Greeley. PRACTICE PRACTICE CouRT Two Here Judge Orders Curse. Professor Millar. SuRETYSHIP AND GUARANTY Two Given Lectures Ames's Cases Suretyship. Professor Little. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL COURSES IN ILLINOIS LAW Some Illinois Law THE PURPOSES OF THE COURSES To State Anglo America. To State To States Illinois MODE OF CONDUCTING THE COURSES Two Each An COURSES OF INSTRUCTION EXERCISES IN FORENSIC WRITING SPEAKING AND PRACTICE Some Pleadings Instruments Common Law Pleading Code Pleading Equity Pleading Commercial Paper Carriers Insurance Transactional Documents Conveyancing Conveyancing States. Thorough No Property II. Trial Practice Procedure Practice Evidence Tlie Practice Court Court During Between While NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Rules Practice Court Editorial Wark To Each Associate Editors Illinois Law Review Appellate Court. Legal Clinic Members Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Law School Bureau. Law School An Publications THE ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW Illinois Law Review Subscriptions $ Business Manager Illinois Law Review Northwestern University Building Chicago. Faculty Law School. United St Each Illinois Appellate Court Board Editors HONORS PRIZES AND SCHOLARSHIPS EDITOR IN IEF Albert Kocourek BOARD OF MANAGING EDITORS Frederic B. Crossley Henry C. Hall Robert W. Millar Charles B. Elder Albert Kocourek John H. Wigmore Nathan William MacChesney ASSOCIATE EDITORS Kent G. Chetlain George E. Billett Vance E. Fisher Undergraduat Charles M. Price James F. Oates Jr. Owen F. Rall Hubert Van Hook Winslow Whitman Thomas G. McBride Faculty Bar Edwin C. Austin James J. Forstall Cecil Barnes Louis M. Greeley Andrew A. Bruce William H. Haight Louis G. Caldwell Herbert Harley Mitchell D. Follansbee Richard Y. Hoffman Charles C. Hyde Charles Little Elmer M. Leesman Albert S. Long C. Lutkin Theodore Schmidt Ex R. Allan Stephens Secretary Illinois State Bar Association THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Journal Institut Criminal Law Criminology Subscriptions $ Managing Editor Northwestern University Building Chicago. Northwestern University American Institute Criminal Criminology. Its English Honors Prizes Scholarships Honor List. Honor List A' Fi Year NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Second Year First Year Second Year Third Year B. Faculty Faculty Honor List. Faculty Highest Honors. Credits Honor List A' School. Honor List George Edwin Billett Henry Dunster Costigan Kent Gladstone Chetlain Vance Evanston Fisher Gustav Harry Friend Joseph B. Lynch Charles Morgan Price CLASS OF Highest Honors William Holden Noble Charles Cranston Spray Honors Henry Joseph Samuels Fred Schroeder Harry Thorn George Henry Weinmann Lewis Jerome West CLASS OF Highest Honors James Franklin Oates Jr. Owen Frederic Ra Malcolm Mecartney Honors Thomas Garth McBride Winslow Whitman CLASS OF Highest Honors Clarence Kuehl Hubert Van Hook HONORS PRIZES AND SCHOLARSHIPS Harold Carlyle Adsit Ralph Joseph Riley Honors Frederick Sterling Scott Darwin Howard Wolford Order Coif Northwestern Chapter Its Each MEMBERS ELECTED George Henry Gould Thomas Robert Johnston Edward Graton Ince Harry Le Roy Jones Louis Kaplan Award Class An First Year Class University Law School After Law School Awarded Owen F. Rall James F. Oates Jr. Callaghan Prize $ Messrs. Callaghan &amp; Co. Awarded Louis Kaplan. Faculty Prize $ Faculty Law School Awarded George Henry Gould. Rufus H. Sage Scholarship School Law From Mrs. Ellen Sage $ An College Liberal Arts NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Medical School. Awarded Law School George Henry Weinmann. Follansbee Prize $ Mitchell Davis Follansbee Esq. Eth Not Hyde Prize $ Charles Cheney Hyde Esq. International Law. Not MacChesn Prizes American English American English Na MacChesney Esq. Courses BA Courses Reading Legal History Biography Jurisprudence. Dean School Editor Chief Illinois Law Review Illinois Law Review. Jurisprudence Prize $ Law School contrib Dean Illinois Review. Gage Prize Students Law School Gage Prize Annual Catalog. Charles A. Ko Prize $ Charles Albert Koepke Awarded George Henry Weinmann. Oratorical Contest Northern Oratorical League Students Law School University Northern Oratorical League. FEES AND EXPENSES UNrvERSlTY NoT RESPONSIBLE FOR PERSONAL LossEs University University Law School Secretary Law School Northwestern Building Lake Streets Chicago Illinois. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Revised List Officers Alumni Association GENERAL OFFICERS Homer H. Cooper Adam C. Cliffe Walter M. Pierce Elbert H. Gary Samuel E. Knight George A. Berry Jr. Alumni Association Branches Association State Territory Alumni School Illinois Cook Branches Alumni STATE BRANCHES William H. H. Judson John L. Gust Floyd M. Stahl Theodore W. Hubbard George P. Adams A. Lee Doud Thaddeus M. Talcott Jr. Robert L. Welch J. Clyde Nelson Homer B. Dibell A. B. Choate ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Jacob A. Harzfeld Richard A. Harlow Hon. William J. Bryan Hon. Sewell W. Abbott William F. Poole Jr. Hon. E. H. Gary William F. Myers Edward R. Sinkler George G. Barnes Forest G. Moorhead Edward W. Hander Clair E. Crawford Howard N. Waterman Carl S. Carlsmith Hon. Wm. A. MacLaren BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS SECRETARIES Charles H. Holt Frank C. Van Sellar Thomas N. Cofer John A. Barber John D. Gray Conrad G. Gumbert C. M. C. Buntain Max Murdock William J. Sweeney Solon W. Crowell Ira C. Copley John E. Goembel Young Men's Christian Association Chicago Schools University Building Secretary Association Chicago Evanston All Association Association Those Y.M.C.A. Northwestern University Building Chicago Chicago EXECUTIVE SECRETARY CLIFFORD D. PARKER COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT FREDERIC B. CROSSLEY Law Chairman REGISTER OF STUDENTS Adeszko Thaddeus Adsit Harold Carlyle Anderson Gustav A. Aronson Julius Arquero Fidel C. Barnes George S. Barnet Lawrence Theodore Barnett Robert Lucius Hass Bernice Edith Beamish Harold L. Bellair John Francis Billet George Edwin Bisbee George Allen Boaz Sophia B. Booker William Atkinson Boudreau James C. Braden Zedrick Thomas Brandwein David Branower David Brenner Samuel Lewis Brown Henry Darte Brown Jesse H. Bullinger Reginald Arthur Bunge George Herbert Carmody Fred Patrick Case Justin Castle Latham Cauley James Byrne Chamberlin James Marlette Cheetham Joseph MacDonald Chetlain Kent Gladstone Chilgren Arthur Dewey Cirese Helen M. Clark Sherman W. Clauson James Ephraim Coker Robert Jefferson Jr. Costigan Henry Dunster Coyle Robert A. Cummings Joseph Winter Cunningham Ralph Sterling lJeBolt Edward Ivan Dempsey John T. Donigan Robert Lucas Dunne R. Jerome Dwiggins Homer LeRoy Edmonds Thomas Sechler Eklund Larned Vernon Feigen Arthur Paul Feit Edward J. Feng Chi Fernandez Leon Serafin R. Fisher Vance Evanston Fitzgerald Thomas S. Fitzhugh Laura Davis Fleisher Samuel Flint Farris A. Follett Lothrop Frank Frank Melville David Friend Gustav Harry Fujii Tatsuya Gadek Michael Gallagher Charles Joseph Gay Russell Conwell Gerhard Clarence Henry Ginsburg Roderick Alseich Gower Benjamin Gray Goldberg Max Emanuel Gonzalez Antonio Atyan Hagen Charles McKinley Hall Helen Dawson Hall Huston Hamilton Hamrick Barnette Edgar REGISTER OF STUDENTS Hanover A. Everett Hansen Alvin Felix Hansen Austin Hart Dean Ethaniel Heffernan Gerald Hennessey Sadie Ruth Hickson William Himmilstein Israel Isaac Himstead Ralph Ebner Hoaglin Fred S. Hogue Lorin L. Holbrook Harvey W. Holbrook Walter William Horn Oliver Inkster Lawrence William Jingheuzian Ben Johnson Hildah Alden Jones William M. Jordan John B. Katz David Keating Henry Edward Kinnare Robert Edward Klonowski Louis Knox LeRoy John Kobrzynski Joseph Stanley Kramer Max Carl Kuehl Clarence Levin Tillie Cecile Levine Herman Libonati Roland Victor Lieberman Jack Little Merritt Tohnson Little Robert Ethan Lorentz Earl W. Lorfeld Meta M. Lorick James Thompson Luster Julian Jav Luther Frank Watson Lutrell Virgil Columbus Lynch Joseph B. McAlister Benjamin H. McBride Thomas Garth McCabe James Martin McConnell Vincent Dye McCoy Alice B. McKenna Philip J. McLaughlin Helen Collins McLaughlin Robb Sheaff Ma George Ging Hsing A. Makovsky Frank J. Matthews Blayney F. Matthews Thomas A. Meagher James Francis Mecartney Malcolm Meneley James Lucas Merenkow Basil Miehle Robert Miller Phillip Eade Mishkin Jule Mitchell Leon Albert Morrice Frederick William Myers Josiah Andrew Nelson Charles Leonard Neu Arthur B. Noble William Holden A. Nudelman Oscar M. Oates James Franklin Jr. Olenick Max Matthew Oliver David Olsen Sherman Olson Sanford A. Owens Robert E. Palattao Marcelo Parker Herbert Kendall Parry Leslie Orren Parsons Paul Shumway Patton John Henry Peace James Henchel REGISTER OF STUDENTS Phelps Howard Alexander Pike Charles Sherman Bentley Poff Eric La Price Charles Morgan Price Edward Simpson Quilici George L. Rabino Adele Radcliff Robert Leonard Rall Owen Fredetic Rankin William Meyer Reyes Jaime M. Rice Abraham A. Riley Ralph Joseph Robb William Coulter Robertson Dorothy R. Rohrer Harold Romano Michael Ross Norman deM Russo William Joseph Ryan John Ryan William Andrews Sachsel Milt Samuels Henry Joseph Scheuner Fred Joseph Schuchter Mandel Schwab Charles W. Scott Frederick Sterling Seeder Arnold Seids John William Jr. Sellar Tim M. Shapiro William Sharp Mitchell Gabriel Sheehan Phillip C. Skrentny Cecelia M. Smith William Spears Elsie Catherine Spitz George Spray Charles Cranston Springer Emerson Cash Steffen Phillip Trichler NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL Staton George Walter Stepan Charlotte E. Stibolt Noble Stol Bernard A. Sullivan Arthur Ambrose Swanberg Karl Emanuel Templeman James Dale Thayer Frank Barnes Thom Harry Thompson Martin Luther Thrasher Gatewood Jack Jr. Tinen John V. Tipton Denny Orlando Trowbridge Calvin Durand Tucker John Carlis Van Hook Hubert Washington Genoa Sebastian Weinmann George Henry Weisman Abraham E. Wells Perry David West Lewis Jerome West Mahler Ogden Whitman Winslow Whitmer John Wirt Wilson Edgar Henry Wimbish Christopher C. Wolford Darwin Howard Wooster Charles Chandler Wright DeWitt Zold John Edward NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Law School Chicago Walter Dill Scott NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL ALUMNI ASSOCIATION UNION COLLEGE OF LAW PRESIDENT HOMER H. COOPER FIRST VICE PRESIDENT ADAM C. CLIFFE SECOND VICE PRESIDENT WALTER W. PIERCE THIRD VICE PRESIDENT ELBERTH GARY TREASURER SAMUELE. KNIGHT SECRETARY GEORGE A. BERRY JR.</text>
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                    <text>NORTHWESTERN
University Bulletin

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Vol. XXIV

August 18, 1923

No. 8

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Northwestern University Bulletin is published weekly during the academic year at Chicago,
Illinois. Entered as Second Class Matter November 21, 1913, at tbe Postoffice at Chicago ,
Illinois, under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912. Accepted for mailing at special rates of
postage provided for in Section 1103, Act of October 3, 1917, authorized on June 14, 1918.

IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUlllllllllllllllllllllnlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllff

Speeches
at the

Law School Alumni Banquet
October 10, 1923
held to

Welcome the Return of Dean Wigmore and to Hear
the Announcement of the Gift of Levy Mayer Hall.

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PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Northwestern University Building
CHICAGO

��Minutes of a Meeting
of

Northwestern University Law School
Alumni Association
Held at the LaSalle Hotel, Chicago, Illinois,
Wednesday, October 10, 1923

P resent at the meeting as especial guests wer e :
D ean JoHN H ENRY WIGMORE, and M r s. WIGMORE.
Mr s. LEVY MAYER, d onor of Levy Mayer Hall.
M r . I SAAC H. MAYER, ex-'86, br oth er of Levy Mayer.
President WALTER DIL L ScoTT.
Professor FREDERIC C. , vooow ARo, of U niver sity of Chicago Law
School.
MARK ,v. CRESAP, trustee of N orthwes tern U niver sity .

Following a di nner served t o abo ut two hu ndred m embers
of the Associati on a nd num ero us g u est s, the m eeting came to
ord er.
T he fo ll owing proceedings wer e had :
The President of the Association, Hom er H. Coop er , '14:
"This is a specia l m eeti ng of th e Northwest ern U niversity Law
Schoo l A lumni Associ ation , duly call ed fo r the transacti on of
p erhap s the m ost importa nt and m ost joyous business of its
exist ence. F orm al noti ces of th e m eeti ng wer e m ailed t o all
m emb er s of the Associati on on September 28th, stating that the
purposes ar e: ( 1) T o welcome Dean Wig mor e home from his
eig ht m onths' visit in E urop e and t o h ear him tell about it;
3

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

(2) To hear announcements of certain very important and cheering contributions for the new law school, and (3) To celebrate
(1) and (2). But there is one more purpose of the meeting
which is and will be a great surprise, even to Dean Wigmore,
himself, and which cannot be revealed until near the end of
the evenmg.
"However, the program will be brief and everyone is promised now faithfully that he will be able to catch his train , regardless of the time of its departure-even if it has alr eady
gone! The number of speakers is few, and each speaker has
been limited as to time. Dean Roscoe Pound, who had been
expected as the principal speaker, at the last moment was unable to come. The justices of the Supreme Court of Illino"is
were invited, but could not come because of their duties while
the court is in session at Springfield; they all sent letters of
regret.
"So far as my knowledge extends, this is the first meeting
of the Law School A lumni Association which has been honored
by attendance of members of the Board of Trustees of the University in their official capacity. In some measure their attendance tonight typifies the growing union of the law school
with the new Greater Northwestern Movement. But, we may
be pardoned for remarking, we conceive that their attendance
is due also to the example of achievement set by the law school
which they are proud to observe.
"By your suffrage, it is now my inestimable privilege to
announce to you that one who has honored us by her gracious
presence tonight has elected to make one of our dreams come
true, in honoring the memory of him most dear to her. Let me
tell you the story in her own words, by her authority. A letter
was handed to me only a few hours ago. It was written by
Mrs. Levy Mayer, is addressed to Dean Wigmore and bears date
of October 8, 1923. It reads as follows:
4

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

"October 8, 1923."
"Dear l'tir. Wigmore:
"It is my earnest desire to erect, in the city of Chicago, a suitable memorial to my beloved husband; and I can think of no more
appropriate and enduring form than a building, in which shall be
educated the future generations of larvyers, who will learn thus to
revere his memory in the great city where his career was made. I
have therefore set aside the sum of $500,000 to erect a Law School
for Northwestern University, on the McKinloclc Memorial Campus.
That is all I have to say; e,vcept to add that the sooner the building
is erected the better I shall be satisfied. I intend to go abroad again
some time next year, and I do not wish, if possible, to leave this
country until I have seen the 'Levy Mayer Hall' with my own eyes.
"Yours sincerely,

[Signed]

"RACHEL MAYER."

"(Mrs. LEVY MAYER)"

[Prolonged applause and cheering.]
Mr. Frederic P. Vose, '94:
lution to offer:

"Mr. President, I have a reso-

"WHEREAS, the Alumni Association of the Law School of
Northwestern University shares with the bar of Chicago an.d the
legal profession of the entire country the deep sense of loss in the
sudden termination of the career of one of the most brilliant of
!l.merica's lawyers, Levy llayer-a leader of the bar, a lover of
learning, a patriotic organizer of war service, a man of comprehensive
interests and sympathies, and a devot ed husband and father; and,
"WHEREAS, it is now made lcnown to this Association that,
in memory of her husband and his career at the bar of Chicago, Mrs.
Levy Mayer has set aside the sum of Five Hundred Thousand Dollars
as a gift to the University for the erection of a building to be the
home of the law school on the neu: Alexander McKinloclc Memorial
Campus in Chicago, and to bear the name of Levy Mayer Hall:
5

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923
"BE

IT RESOLVED:

"First: That N orthwestern University Larv School Alumni Association places on r ecord its hearty appreciation of this g enerous
gift as a fitting tribute to a gr eat lawyer and an appropriate agency
of perp etual service to that profession and that community in rvhich
his career w as made, and that this Association proffers its sincerest
thanlcs to the d evoted rvoman rvho has so rvisely chosen this form of
honor to her husband's memory.
"S econd: That the S ecretary of th e Association cause to be
made an engro ssed copy of this resolution to be given to Mrs. Mayer,
and that another copy be placed in the cornerstone of Levy Mayer

Hall."

" I move the adoption of thi s resolution by a ri sing vot e."
The President: "You have heard the reading of the r esoluti on and a motion for its adoption. I s there a second to the
motion?"
Judge Frederic R. De Young, '97 : "I second the motion."
The President: "The motion has been seconded by Judge
DeYoung and many others. All in fa vor of the motion will
rise."
[Ev eryon e present on the floor thereupon arose, and the
motion was declared unanimously carried.]
The President: "It is the good fortune of Northwestern
University to have as its head during these joyous times Dr.
Walter Dill Scott, who as president of the University has shown
great interest in the law school. Him I now present, to respond
to the gift and to the occasion. President Scott."
President Scott: "In institutions of higher learning we have
ceased to think in terms of competition and are devoting ourselves to generous cooperation. Every advance step taken by
one school serves but as a stimulus to inspire all others. I am
6

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

proud of Northw estern University Law School, not because it
has taken first place in competition w ith other law schools, but
because it has taken advanced steps that have inspired all 111stitutions interested in advancing the science of justice.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first and 1s
the only law school in the United States requiring four years'
legal training after a three year college preparatory course. This
is the highest requirement for legal preparation in any law
school.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to require of the students an acquaintance with the history and
traditions of the Anglo-American bench and bar.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to offer and make compulsory a course in voice training and
forensic elocution for the benefit of law students.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to require of the students some knowledge of legal history, jurisprudence or philosophy.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to give a place in the curriculum to problems of contemporary
legislation. Topics of the day which occupy the attention of
legislatures and bar associations are handled in the classes, and
credit is given the students for meritorious work in pioneering.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first and is still
one of the very few law schools in the world that requires its
students to have experience in a legal clinic, a dispensary of
justice to the poor.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to encourage the study of modern criminal science. Its faculty
summoned the first national confere nce on criminal law and
criminology.
T

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to establish a law review dealing specifically with state legislation and decisions as a subject for concentrated interest of
the state bench and bar.
"I am proud because Northwestern was the first law school
to establish courses of lectures dealing with the whole scope
of state law as a subject for scientific study and critique.
"I am proud because Northwestern University Law School
possesses the Elbert H. Gary law library of 60,000 volumes.
This library includes one of the most complete collections of
legal historical materials in the world. This library is the result
of the continued interest of Judge Elbert H. Gary and of the
untiring efforts of our Librarian and our Dean.
"I am proud because Northwestern has always sustained a
faculty of eminent scholars. These men have been experts in
their fields and have commanded the admiration of their students, of the Chicago Bar and the scholars in their respective
fields throughout the world. However, for twenty years the
position of preeminence among his peers has been sustained by
Dean John H. Wigmore.
"And now finally, I am proud because Northwestern University Law School has made possible a memorial more permanent than any memorial constructed of granite or of steel, a
memorial which will perpetuate the life and the memory of the
distinguished member of the Chicago Bar, a memorial that will
enrich the lives of thousands of aspiring students, that will advance the science of justice in the world and wili provide a
proper meetingplace for students and jurists, a hall whose magnificence is revealed in the drawings which are tonight made
available for the first time"._the drawings here presented of the
Levy Mayer Hall.
8

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

LEVY MA YER HALL:
View of Interior Court and Cloister

9

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"I am proud because of our friend who is our guest tonight
-one who in unselfish devotion is providing earthly immortality
to her bereaved husband by extending his influence into the lives
of the youth of all generations. We are justly proud of all the
achievements of the Northwestern University Law School, but
our chief pride tonight is the achievement of a friendship, the
friendship of Mrs. Levy Mayer."
The President: "Chicago, with its suburbs, is said to be
the only metropolitan community having within its confines two
major universities-Northwestern University and the University
of Chicago. So, also, Chicago is the only city having two major
law schools of first rank-the law schools of these two great
universities. Tonight we are exceedingly fortunate in having
as our guest a man who has been connected with the faculties
of the two schools-Professor Frederic C. Woodward. Prof.
Woodward for a number of years served Northwestern, and
always will be remembered as one of the founders and the first
editor of the Illinois Law Review. He resigned from Northwestern to become dean of the law school of Leland Stanford
University. For the past several years he has been a member
of the faculty of the law school of the University of Chicago,
and he comes tonight, beloved of students of both schools, to
join with us in celebrating our good fortune. Professor Woodward."
Professor Woodward: "I am glad to say that as I look out
over this audience and recognize here and there the faces of
former students, I feel quite as much at home as if I were
addressing a meeting of the Alumni of the Law School of the
University of Chicago. Probably you are already familiar with
the story of the twin boys who resembled each other so closely
that their friends were often unable to distinguish them, and
whose father decided to send one to Yale and the other to Harvard in the hope that the dissimilar environments of New Haven
10

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

and Cambridge might at least re sult in the development of superficial differences between them. In due course both boys were
graduated. The one who was graduated from Harvard was
regarded by his fellow s as the worst 'rough-neck' in hi s class;
the one who took his degree at Yale ·w as unanimously voted the
most refined and polished gentleman of hi s class. But when
they returned home, it was as difficult as ever to tell them apart.
I believe, and I hope that you believe, that there is no such
difference as this story suggests, between the graduates of
Northwestern and the graduates of the University of Chicago.
"I appreciate the generosity of the committee, in issuing an
invitation to one who is notoriously engaged in aiding and abetting a rival institution. It occurred to me that possib ly the committee thought that it might be well, by way of contrast with
the other speakers, to h ear from one who could be depended
upon to deal with the virtues and vices of Dean Wigmore, at
least in a spirit of detachment, if not in a spirit of criticism.
But if such was their purpose they will be di sappointed.
"In the first place, I have not discovered that the Dean
has any vices. Those of you who are so fortunate as to be
acquainted with Mrs. \i\Tigmore know that the Dean finds it
excessively easy to be a mod el of domestic virtue. And those
of you who know Mr. Crossley, as, of course, all of you doknow that the Dean would not be permitted to acquire any
professional vices, even if he were disposed so to do. In the
second place, I happen to be one of those-and they are not
few-who owe whatever success they may have achieved, in
large measure to the inspiration, the encouragement and the
active assistance of Dean Wigmore. So I am not only one of
the army which admires his brilliant scholarship, his tireless
energy, and his passion for justice and order; I am one of you
who are his loyal and devoted friends. It is a great pleasure
to rejoice with you in his safe and happy return.
11

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"Turning to the oth er purpose of this meeting, and speaking now not only for myself but for my associates in the faculty
of the University of Chicago, I wish heartily to congratulate
Mrs. i\!Iayer up on her m ost generou s gift, and with equal heartin ess t o congratulate the Northwest ern University Law School
upon the assurance of a beautiful and well equipped building.
The er ection of the Levy Mayer Memorial will be a source of
g enuine gratification to us. For we know that the Northwestern
Law School, by reason of th e genius of Dean \i\Tigmore's leadership, the ability of its faculty, and the character of its work,
is deserving of thi s good fortune. And we b elieve that Mrs.
Mayer's gift will ultimately benefit, not only the Northwestern
Law School, but the Law School of the U niversity of Chicago,
and indeed the law schools of a ll of our great universities. For
it marks the recognition by public spirited men and women of
the fact that the ad equate endowment and development of
good law schools is essential to the welfare of thi s great democracy . I sincerely hope and confidently expect that Mrs. Mayer's
example will be followed by many others, and that the cause
of sound and scientific legal education will th ereby be rapidly
advanced.
" A nd now, in closing, may I express the hope that in every
struggle for the advancement of legal education, and for the
uplifting of the ethical standard s of the bar, the alumni of the
Northweste rn Law School and the alumni of the Law School
of the University of Chicago may be found fighting shoulder
to shoulder!"
The President:

"This meeting has been in session now for

some twenty -five minutes.

It is about time for the announce-

ment of another splendid gift, although the a nnouncem ent has
been made elsewhere heretofore.

12

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

"On December 29, 1922, Judge Elbert H. Gary, an alumnus
of the Class of 1867, delivered to the Board of Trustees of
Northwestern University one hundred thousand dollars in bank
stock, the income from which shall be used for the endowment,
maintenance and upkeep of the books in the Elbert H. Gary
Library of Law."
[ Prolonged applause and cheering.]
The President:

"We have just begun !

"You have heard President Scott tonight m ention that
Northwestern law school was the first law school to require
four years' legal training, changing the curriculum from three
to four years of study. By that token, Northwestern has the
first fourth year class. Its members are present with the representatives of the stud ent body tonight. We have asked one
of the members, Mr. James F. Oates, Jr. , '24, to respond. Mr.
Oates."
Mr. Oates: "It is my privilege to respond this evenmg on
behalf of the student body of the Northwestern University Law
School who represent a group that is about to start on the
period of their professional life, which is known to u s as the
'starvation period.' Perhaps this can be better illustrated by
repeating a story which it was our privilege to hear the Dean
tell not so many days ago. It seems that a young man had
graduated from the Law School with ambitions to ally himself with one of the great law firm s of this great city. He
had hopes that by this connection he might speedily acquire
the prominence which industry warrants. His ambitions were
realized and he became a part of one of the great legal offices
of the city. Meeting Dean Wigmore on the street one day, he
told of hi s success, and the Dean asked for Mr. Jones, the
great chief of the huge law firm. The young man responded,
'Well, I have only seen him once or twice. The other day
13

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

he came to my room, put his head in and said, "Do you belong
here," and I said "Yes, sir," feeling that the time of recognition
for my hard labors had come. He then said, 'Go out and buy
me a package of cigarettes !' "
"Some great man has said ( or should have said) that every
man requires either a great business to which he may devote
his energies, or the love of a fine woman, or the admiration
and respect for a man whom he desires to emulate. While
some of the men at the Law School are not, as Kipling says,
'Riding alone,' and while there are others who contemplate
matrimonial ventures in the near future, it is certain that none of
us are captains of industry. Yet we all find the third of these
three important factors in a man's life in our love, admiration,
affection and respect for Dean John Henry Wigmore. The
student body desires also to express its appreciation for all
that he has done for them individually. He has m eant a great
deal to all of us in his personal relations, and we can never
repay, and only attempt to express our sincere appreciation
for our privilege in becoming acquainted and connected with
him. Dean Wigmore and his associates at the Law School have
given us, in our legal education, something more than a mere
senes of rules of law. At least Dean Wigmore and hi s associates have sown the seeds. Whether they will bear fruit or
not remains to be seen. We have had presented for u s the
culture, the philosophy and the development of the great principles of Anglo-American law. We have learned that law is
an applied science and that the lawyer is a professional man
and not a tradesman, and while efficiency in the application
of legal rules is most important, we have been taught to realize
that the theory and the development of legal doctrines is also
essential. It has been said that the theoretical ideas of legal
education as described by Dean Wigmore and his associates
are idealistic, but they have a distinct value.
14

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

"The student body of Northwestern University Law School
also wishes to express to you, Mrs. Mayer, our sincere appreciation of your magnificent gift to the Northwestern University
Law .3chool. We shall ever strive to be worthy of the name,
Levy Mayer, which our new hall shall bear. We shall ever be
mindful of the obligation to live up to the honor and integrity
for which his name has stood.
"In closing, I would like to say that while we all know
that idealism without efficiency is futile, we must also remember
that efficiency without idealism is fatal."
The President (Homer H. Cooper, '14): "Fellow Alumni,
the law school of which we are representatives now points with
pride to a record of unparalleled accomplishments covering sixty
years. Standing at the forefront of American law schools,
Northwestern points to ten particular distinguishing facts, nine
of which you have heard the president of our university read
from a forthcoming pamphlet under the caption, Unique Features.
"I wish now to talk to you briefly about a tenth feature.
"This week Chicago and the nation are celebrating the
thirtieth anniversary of the World's Columbian Exposition held
in 1893. That same year a tall, heavily mustached young professor left the chair of Anglo-American law in a university in
Tokio, Japan, to become a member of the faculty of Northwestern University. In 1901, that professor became dean of
the law school. So Chicago and the nation now celebrate also
the thirtieth anniversary of Mr. Wigmore's connection with
Northwestern University Law School, and we are in the twentythird year of his deanship.
"The forward strides of the school, its international reputation, and its future, with all credit to his able collaborators,
15

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

are due, in the greatest measure, to him. For thirty years, he
has given the best in him to its success. As dean and teacher,
he has extended his great energies to the education :1£ the
profession. Yet he has found time to participate in so many
other activities that his name is found at the head of innumerable lists of notabl e . It is not necessary for me now to recite
again to you his accompli shments in the war department from
1917 to 1919. All of u s know of his great record there.
"Colonel Wigmore came home from "\i\Tashington weak
body from overwork, but not weak in spirit.

111

Immediately

upon hi s r eturn in the spring of 1919 and with resumption of
his duties in the faculty, he instituted a campaign for a fund
of $1,500,000 to build a new law school and t o endow it.
can realize how hard he worked in thi s campaign!

Few

Simultane-

ously he went through the exhausting ordeal of maintaining the
stability of the law school while the curriculum was cha nged
from three to four years of study.

His duties as author and

editor became increasingly heavy. He had had no rest for a
number of years, and it soon became apparent to his associates
and to all who were in close contact with him that his seemingly
exhaustless strength must' give way.

Finally, in the autumn of

1922, Mr. "\i\Tigmore yielded to the admonitions of his friends
and to the advice of physicians who told him that it was imperative to take a long absolute rest.

A decision was then

made that Dean Wigmore would consolidate hi s work in the
law school for the two semesters of the current school year
( without particular regard to the hardship it might work upon
his stud ents!) and would leave for a genuine vacation in Europe
to cover the second semester and th e summer months.
"With Mrs. Wigmore to go along and enforce the commands of his doctor, Dean Wigmore left the latter part of
February or early in March of this year.
16

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

"Enroute to Europe, Dean Wigmore stopped in Washington, D. C. , to attend a meeting of one hundred eminent
legal scholars who, under Senator Root, organized an a ssociation to restate and rewrite the body of Anglo-American law.
By this association, Dean Wigmore was selected to restate and
rewrite the law of all subjects from A to K inclusive, subjects
L to Z being assigned to the other ninety-nine eminent legal
scholars.
"A compartment was engaged on the Pennsylvania Railroad from Washington to New York.

In it Dean Wigmore dic-

tated simultaneously to three stenographers in three languagesEnglish, Norman-French, and Wigmorese. By the time the train
had arrived in New York, he had completed the restatement and
rewriting of subjects from the letter A to the letter D inclusive,
and had ventured into the letter E so far as Estoppel.
"After boarding the steamship, Dean Wigmore started on
the letter E for evidence.

Then he discovered that his famous

Treatise on Evidence, published in 1904, had become obsolete.
Being without a stenographer, he sat down in his stateroom and
rewrote it in long-hand in five volumes,- making two copies of
the manuscript, so that if one were lost the other would be saved
for posterity. The manuscript was completed by the time the
boat had docked in its European port. One copy was mailed
back to Boston to be printed.
"The party proceeded to Monte Carlo.

Here, I am in-

formed, Mr. Wigmore eluded Mrs. Wigmore and violated certain prophylactic rules of exclusion as applied to the autoptic
proference of a roulette wheel. The results of his experience,
as you all know, are now incorporated in that world-famous
book, Wigmore's System on Breaking the Bank at Monte Carlo,
in two volumes-without an index!
17

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"Moving on to Rome, Mr. Wigmore resumed the rewriting
of the restatement of the body of the law, getting as far as the
letter I. After completing the sections on Insanity and Intoxicating Liquors, he met Mussolini, whereupon the rewriting and
restating of International Law was indefinitely postponed. A
few weeks were enjoyably passed in perusal of the Pandects and
the Ju stinian Code in the original.
"From Italy, Dean Wigmore invaded Switzerland. Here
he presided at a gathering of Swiss legislators, and organized
The Cantonment fo r U niform Canteen Laws. As a result, we
shall expect uniformity in the making of Swiss cheese!
"This performance· attracted the attention of the League
of Nations, an association organized and existing under and
by virtue of the Treaty of Versailles, having its principal place
of business in the City of Geneva, and being duly licensed to
do no business in any European country except Greece. Dean
Wigmore was promptly signed up as a member of the League.
If we may believe current press reports, Dean Wigmore then
made the unprecedented discovery that the League of Nations
is functioning but to be successful requires the services of a
Kenesaw Mountain Landis.
"The next stop was at The Hague, situs of the Permanent
Tribunal of International Justice. This tribunal, as you all
know, is the court of last retort among the nations. Simultaneously the U. S. S. George Washington arrived in port with
a cargo of Wigmore on Evidence, Second Edition, and our dean,
himself, personally, sold copies to each of the justices of the
tribunal, which they, emulating our distinguished alumnus,
Judge Harry Olson, promptly charged to the county.
"Homewardbound, Dean Wigmore paused briefly in London
to address the barristers and solicitors of Westminster on 'The
Liability to Guests by Landlords of the Inns of the Temple.'
18

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

"A boat was caught at Liverpool, and during the homeward
passage three dozen lead pencils were worn out.
"Nine days later he burst into the office of Albert Kocourek,
editor of the Illinois Law Review, and tossed on his desk an
eleven pound manuscript on the stationery of the Twentieth
Century Limited, containing an article to be published in the
next issue of the Review, entitled 'Evidentiary Value of a Verdict of Not Guilty in Herrin and in Lake County, Illinois.'
"Now then, our dean, having had this perfectly bully vacation and absolute rest, and being entirely refreshed in body,
mind and spirit, is home again and ready to go to work."
Dean Wigmore: "You ask me, Mr. Chairman, about my
visit to Europe; and I will offer you my impressions on some
topics of Universal interest to American lawyers-Fascism in
Italy, the League of Nations, and the Permanent Court of International Justice.
"We spent three months in Italy, and every day I read
the Popolo d'Italia, the Fascist newspaper, and talked with Italians of all classes. Fascism has saved Italy-there is no doubt
about that. It began as a union of defense against bolshevism
and the sabotage of factories. It showed its capacity for greater
political duties. Last December, it came into power. It has
suppressed beggary and petty graft. It has sent everybody to
work. It has cut down public extravagance and restored the
national finances. Mr. Mussolini may be termed the Roosevelt
of Italy. He has been called a dictator; he is hardly that. But
you would have some idea of what Fascism mean s in Italy if
you could imagine the American Legion, the American Federation of Labor, the American Farmers' Federation, and the Rotary Clubs, all merged into one nation-wide semi-military organization, with our Charles Dawes at the head!
19

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"As to the League of Nations, I had intended merely to
satisfy a natural curiosity by stopping over for a few days at
Geneva, during the Assembly's session in September. But,
while at Laka Como, one day late in July, I received a telegram
from the Secretary of the League, inviting me to act upon the
League's Committee on Intellectual Cooperation. The Chairman of this Committee is Prof. Bergson, the famous French
philosopher, and among its members are Prof. Einstein and
Mme. Curie (who received Northwestern's degree two years
ago), a lso Prof. George Hale of this country (brother of our
eminent Chicago Alumnus, Wm. B. Hale, '01). Believing this
to be a good opportunity to study the League from the inside,
I accepted, and spent a month at Geneva.
"As to the League itself, I will here say only that I saw
nothing of a super-State. I saw only earnest delegations of
capable experts, from 54 nations of the world, seeking to reconci le prejudices, to remove misunderstandings, to cure international ab uses, and to overcome obstacles to peace. Unselfish
effort to get together in mutual assistance-such is the single
note at Geneva today, as nowhere else in the world. However,
if you care to hear more about it, I am preparing a lecture, to
be illustrated with colored lantern slides, ready next January;
and I will invite you all then to the School to hear my simple
tale of 'The Work and the Workings of the League of Nations.'
"From Geneva we went to Holland; and at the Hague
visited the superb Peace Palace, the gift of Andrew Carnegie,
where now sits the Permanent Court of International Justice.
There I paid my respects to Judge Moore, our eminent countryman, and to one or two other members whom I know. That
Court has, in two years, had 8 cases brought for decision.
However, our Federal Supreme Court, now so august in the
·world's esteem, was compelled to adjourn during the first two
years of its existence, because it had no cases on file. Civilized
20

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

nations have dreamed for five centuries past of a \i\T orld Court
of Justice. And at last it has come true. It is the final keystone in the triumphal arch of World Justice. Let us hope that,
among the signatories of the treaty which created this epochmaking tribunal, our own noble country may soon be numbered.
"Justice! Justice! That is the word that inspires our profession. There is no greater public service than the dispensing
of Justice. It has been so in every epoch of history, and in
every civilization; and, in the oldest records of national life
now known, the Egyptian people, 4,000 years before Christ,
placed among the highest in their theology the Goddess of J ustice. It will always be so, to the end of Time. And it is so
today, in the United States of America.
"But Justice can be administered only through men,skilled persons, agents of Justice. In the world's history those
system of Law have longest survived which produced a learned
and skilled profession of law, to preserve the system of Law,
and to ensure Justice.
"Having just returned from a sojourn

111

four countries of

Europe, I think it meet to say that I am proud of our own
country; proud of our American citizenship; proud of our profession; proud of our legal education. We need not hesitate to
assert that legal education in America is far advanced over any
country in Europe. On its practical side, at least, the difference
is almost as great as between a man and a child. But, our profession and our education have their dangers, their defects,
vvhich need constantly to be watched and improved. N o need to
enumerate them here. The preparation of the coming generation of our lawyers needs the most thoughtful attention-needs
all the heartiest support that we can give it. The whole community ought to realize that this is a vital public service to be
21

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

sustained. And because of this need, and because of the consc10usness of it on the part of my colleagues and myself, it is
our ambition in legal education to keep Northwestern at the
Front!

"This cannot be done-cannot possibly be done, without
new material resources.
"And that is one reason why we are here tonight. Because
no School can obtain these resource s, and make thi s progress,
without the support of its ALUMNI- By 'support,' I mean moral
support in the community, and the active work necessary
to interest the community in maintaining the School's services.
With the superb gift of Levy Mayer Hall from the devoted
woman who sits here tonight, the building that is to be an adequate, handsome, and perpetual home for the School's work is
assured. I offer my homage to her, and to the memory of her
brilliant husband. But it remains to assure the expansion and
perpetuation of that School's work itse lf.
"You are the very ones who know its urgent needs.

You
are the ones who can best 'tell the world' about it-and thus
save the Faculty from blushingly violating their modesty by
telling about it them se lves!
"You can afford to do thi s now; for the need and the
chance will probably never be presented again in the lifetime
of any one of you. And I have the earnest wish-I almost, Mr.
Chairman, said the right, to see these great things realized
before I make my exit from the stage. As you know, I have
seen thirty years of Alumni go out from the School-thirty
years ! And I am proud of the share we have had in shaping
your careers.
"Now, I call upon you, 111 your turn, to set your hand to
the work, and make the Law School of Northwestern safe, for
service to the generation that is to follow you!
22

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

LEVY MAYER HALL :
View of Interior Court and Cloister

23

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"Primarily, it is the Alumni that make the School what
it is in public esteem. And if you are grateful for w hat the
School has done for your careers-if you wish to be more proud
of what it can do for the profession in the coming generation,
NOvV is the accepted time! Now-or never-is the time to
come to its help . For now it is crossing the Rubicon, to a
greater field of ser vice. It cannot turn back-and it WILL
NOT!" [Prolonged applause.]
The President: "Now we are getting close to the end of
the meeting. Only two speakers are to be heard from, and
the s urprise is at hand . Mr. Hayes McKinney, chairman of the
Campaign Committee of the Law School, will not address you."
Mr. McKinney: "Mr. Chairman, with your permission and
by the indulgence of the ladies and gentlemen here this evening,
I shall take alittle time to tell of the work of the Campaign.
"As a matter of history you should know that the Campaign which was conducted in 1919 to raise a Building and
Endowment Fund of not less than $1,500,000 succeeded in procuring pledges from alumni and former attendants at the School,
amounting to over $200,000-so mething like $210,000; that a
very substantial part of thi s has been paid, and that a part of
the amount collected has been applied toward the purchase of
the Alexander McKinlock Memorial Campus on the No rth
Side. The development of thi s project is proceeding in a logical and orderly fashion. Having acquired a site for the Law
School in connection with the other professional schools, it
has now become possible through the very generous gift made
by Mrs. Levy Mayer, and announced here tonight, to proceed
to the erection of a Law School building, Levy Mayer Hall.
Only today, we received from the architect the sketches which
you see on thi s wall, and which you are invi ted to in spect at
the adjournment of the meeting. But the erection of this very
24

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

beautiful building which is shown in these sketches and which
has been made possible by Mrs. Mayer's gift, does not complete
th e work of th e Committee on which I am acting as Chairman;
for the building is yet to be furnished and equipped; and what
is just as important, the School must be adequately endowed,
for a Law School is more than a building of brick and mortar;
it must contain an organi zation and a faculty, and it is our
hope in thi s Campaign to procure fund s sufficient to furnish
and equip Levy Mayer Hall, and also to put the Law School
111 a financial sense, at least, in a position of independence.
"Please do not mistake my meanmg; I do not mean that
the Law School shall be independent of Northwestern University, for it is our wish and intent that it shall always be
an integral part of a closely organized university. But it would
be of tremendous benefit to the Law School, and would substantially lighten the burden upon the Trustees of Northwestern
University, if the Law School were sufficiently endowed to be
practically self supporting.
"Our Committee has discussed this matter of endowment
many times, and we have a decided feeling that if a considerable number of specially designated Chairs could be endowed
so as to provide for the support of a strong and permanent
faculty, both the Law School and Northwestern University
would be greatly strengthened. The original plan provided
for such special foundations, and suggested the names of former
professors and eminent friends of the School from among whom
a choice could be made-Abraham Lincoln, Henry Booth,
Lyman Trumbull, Harvey Hurd, James High, William Farwell,
Henry Schofield, James Bradwell, Thomas Drummond, Wirt
Dexter, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Henry Blodgett, Charles Linthicum, John M. Harlan, Thomas Hoyne, David Dudley Field,
Julius Rosenthal, Nathan Davis, Albert Kales. The Rosenthal
and the Linthicum Foundations have already been started.
Z5

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"Many of the men here tonight, who, like myself, sat under
th e in struction of Henry Schofield, would perhaps se lect the
Henry Schofield Chair of Constitutional Law. But there is
another Chair, the endowment of which would, I am sure, appeal
to all of you, and which I regard as entitled to first consideration-a chair to be known as the John Henry Wigmore Chair
of Evidence.
"In order to place thi s suggestion 111 definite form, and in
order that the Law Alumni Trustees and the Trustees of Northwestern University may know what I believe to be the feelings
of the members of this Association on the subject, I desire to
present tonight a resolution for your cons id eration. That resoluti on I will now read.
'BE IT
sociation :

RESOLVED

by Northwestern Law School A lumni As-

'First: That t h e JOH N HENRY WIGMORE CHAIR OF Ev1DENCE be established and maintained in and for the law school
of Northwestern University.
'Second: That the income from a principal sum of not less

than One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars be made available in
perpetuity for the endowment of such Chair.
'Third: That the first One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars of subscriptions to be obtained by the campaign committee
of the Law school alumni in the ensuing campaign for endowment fund s be pledged to such Chair.
'Fourth: That Law Alumni Trustees, as custodians of
funds subscribed in a prior campaign of the law school alumni,
be and they hereby are authorized and empowered to transfer
such portion of th e said funds now or hereafter coming into
their hands as such trustees and not heretofore otherwise re26

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

stricted, as, in their discretion, may be necessary or convenient
to endow the John Henry Wigmore Chair of Evidence.
'Fifth: That the Secretary of the Association transmit a
copy of this resolution to the Board of Trustees of Northwestern
University, and that the cooperation of the Board of Trustees
be sought to carry out the provisions of this Resolution; and
that a copy hereof be delivered to the Law Alumni Trustees.' "
The President: "The motion has been seconded by many
members. Before you vote, please understand that this resolution authorizes the Law Alumni Trustees to devote fund s to
the Wigmore Chair of Evidence. We have a record of those
present. If the motion carries, the establishment of the Chair
is assured. All in favor of the motion please indicate by saying
Aye."
[A chorus of affirmative votes was heard, and upon the
contrary being put, there was silence. The president announced
that the motion had carried unanimously.]
The President: "Now, Mr. McKinney proposes to explain,
with the assistance of Mr. Harold J. Clark, '15, just how we
hope to raise fund s to endow the Wigmore Chair of Evidence
and other needs of the school. There will be no so licitation of
funds, as promised. But by that same promise there shall be
a so licitation of your services. Let everyone remain if they
are interested. Indeed, if anyone be not interested, let him not
leave this room by the ordinary exit, but down the fire escape
where numerous policemen are stationed to see that anyone
going down does not break into the sleeping rooms of guests
of thi s hotel. Mr. McKinney."
Mr. McKinney: "Mr. Chairman, if you will grant me a
few minutes more, I would like to tell of the present organization and plans of our Committee.
27

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"I am very
am confident of
energetic men,
ticular portions

proud to be working with this Committee and
success, through the efforts of these young and
who have assumed the responsibility for parof the work.

"Mr. Roswell B. Mason, '97, organized the Special Gifts
work in a very careful and efficient manner, and carried it on
until public duties required him to give it up. That work has
now been taken over and will be carried to a conclusion by Mr.
Ernest Palmer, '10. The work of the Special Gifts Committee
relates to the solicitation of large gifts, i. e. over $1,000.
"The work of the Committee at Large-that is, of the out
of town men, those not residing in Chicago or any near-by
places, is under the Chairmanship of the Secretary of the Law
School-Mr. Frederic B. Crossley, '99.
"The Publicity work is under the Chairmanship of Mr.
Homer H. Cooper, '14, our Chairman of this evening, who has
so capably demonstrated on this and other occasions his capacity for publicity work.
"The work of suburban solicitation for the campaign will
be under the Chairmanship of Mr. C. Lysle Smith, '20.
"And at last, there is perhaps the most important and exacting work of all, that of the Chicago campaign, which will
be under the Chairmanship of Mr. Harold J. Clark, '15.
"In handling this campaign the Committee will recognize

the fact that any man who subscribed to the 1919 campaign is
entitled to be approached in the most friendly manner. I do
not mean that there will be any unfriendly presentation to those
who have not heretofore subscribed, but as to those who did
subscribe to the 1919 campaign, it will be recognized that they
are entitled to special consideration for their former subscrip28

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

tions, even while we are hoping that the four years which have
intervened have brought to them a prosperity which will enable
them to repeat or at least augment their former s ubscriptions.
"In the Chicago campaign Mr. Clark, ' 15, the Chicago Chai r-

man, will need all of the aid which can be obtained, which means
the aid of all of you and others.
"In conclusion, therefore, Mr. Chairman, I hope you will
ask Mr. Clark, the Chicago Chairman to gi ve you so mewhat in
detail the exact plans of the Chicago campaign."
The President:

"Mr. Harold

J.

Clark, '15, chairma~ of the

Chicago end of the campaign, will conclude the meeting.
invites your earnest attention .

He

Mr. Clark."

Mr. Clark: "Mr. Chairman, Mrs. Mayer, Fellow Alumni
and other friend s : We are now entering on the second phase
of the campaign which was launched in 1919-20. The goal origin ally set by the Law Alumni Trustees was $1,500,000; of
which they allotted $500,000 for the erection of a building and
$1,000,000 for the endowment of instruction. The original campaign produced subscription s totalling $210,000; and I think,
Mr. Chairman, that it is very proper that we recognize,
at thi s time, the splendid contributions already made. While
the total amount is not large, the sum represents a good many
sacrifices on the part of a number of the younger alumni, and
a great deal of hard work on the part of all the committeemen.
"The work of the original campaign was only missionary
work.

In 1920 the goal of one and a half millions looked almost

impossible of attainment.

The magnificent gift made by Mrs.

Mayer gives us our second wind, and assures the building in
the immediate future.

It makes the raising of the endowment

only a question of time.

29

�LAW ALUMNI MEETING, OCTOBER 10, 1923

"The Trustees have now fixed upon a goal of $1,800,000,
having added $300,000 to provide for the operation of Levy
Mayer Hall and to equip and furnish the building.
"The Committee has prepared a chart showing graphically
the amount sought to be rai sed and the sums already contributed [ exhibiting chart]. This circular chart bears a striking
resemblance to that great American institution, the PIE. It
1s our Law School Pie, and we are going out to get it.
"You may feel that the Committee already has plenty of
'crust' for a good many pies; but, on the contrary, we still need
lots of 'dough.' The shaded portions indicate the amounts already raised , and the unshaded sectors show what we are going
after in the campaign. You see we still need lots of filling for
the inside.
"We are going out to raise this money now! An intensive
campaign wi ll be conducted among the Chicago Alumni during
the week commencing October 22nd. There are 2,300 A lumni
and former students of the law school living in Chicago and
vicinity. To reach all of these men is quite a task, and we must
have the co-operation of every loyal alumnus.
"Mr. Wigmore has sounded a challenge tonight which we
cannot but accept! The land for the new school has alr eady
been purchased, and a magnificent building will be erected at
once so that many of the students present this evening will
actually be able to finish their work in Levy Mayer Hall. We
have the land, the building, and, in Mr. Wigmore, the leadership to inspire us in the campaign. We must succeed!
"The proposal to endow the Wigmore foundation of
dence is a sp lendid one. What would be more fitting than
this sum of $150,000 shou ld be made up out of the small
scriptions of the rank and file of the members of the bar
30

Evithat
subwho

�GIFT OF LEVY MA YER HALL

are former students of the school and devoted followers of the
Dean? This is our $150,000, and the immediate task before
us is to raise thi s su1:11.
"No man will be asked to do a great deal of work in the
campaign. In America we are not classed at the bar as solicitors and barrister s. We are all so licitors! While it will be
necessary for us to practice some law during the week of October 22, we can all of us spare some time to solicit.
"Cards have been signed by those prese nt giving their
classes and addresses. VI/ e had intended to have you mark your
cards ' Worker' if you vvould volunteer as a canvasser in the
campaign; but the cards have all been collected. Now, if any
one here is not willing to be a worker, let him stop after the
meeting and take away his card! Here they are; our cards are
on the table. We are counting on all of you.
"Mrs. Mayer's splendid gift has stirred up a great wave of
enthusiasm among the Alumni. It is our task to capture this
wave, and divert it down a sluice-way and into a mighty turbine
to develop more power for a greater Northwestern. I hope
that all of you are with me."
The President: "You were told that the purposes of this
meeting were to welcome Dean Wigmore home and hear him
tell about his visit in Europe, and to hear announcements of
certain very important gifts to the law school. Have those
purposes been accomplished?"
Voices:

"Yes, yes."

The President:

"Then the meeting 1s adjourned."

31

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                <text>NORTHWESTERN University Bulletin Vol. XXIV No. Northwestern University Bulletin Chicago Illinois. Entered Second Class Matter Postoffice Chicago Illinois Act Congress Accepted Section Act Speeches Law School Alumni Banquet Welcome Return Dean Wigmore Hear Announcement Gift Levy Hall. PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University Building CHICAGO Minutes Meeting Northwestern University Law School Alumni Association Held LaSalle Hotel Chicago Illinois JoHN ENRY WIGMORE WIGMORE. Mrs. LEVY MAYER Levy Hall. Mr ISAAC H. MAYER Levy President WALTER DILL ScoTT. Professor FREDERIC C. WOODWARD University Chicago Law School MARK W. CRESAP Northwestern University Following Associati President Association Homer H. Cooper Northwestern University Law School Alumni Association Formal Association Dean Wig Europe LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER To Dean Wigmore However Dean Roscoe Pound Supreme Court Illino Springfield So Law School Association Board Trustees University Greater Northwestern Movement. By Let Mrs. Levy Dean Wigmore GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Chicago Law School Northwestern University McKinloclc Memorial Campus. evy Hall's Yours Signed RACHEL MAYER. Mrs. LEVY MAYER Prolonged Mr. Frederic P. Vose Mr. President WHEREAS Alumni Association Law School Northwestern University Chicago Levy WHEREAS Association Chicago Mrs. Levy Five Hundred Thousand Dollars University Alexander McKinloclc Memorial Campus Chicago Levy Hall LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER BE IT RESOLVED First University Larv School Alumni Association Association Second Association Mrs. Levy Hall. President ? Judge Frederic R. De Young President Judge DeYoung MAYER. Everyone President Northwestern University Dr. Walter Dill Scott University Him President Scott. President Scott Every GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Northwestern University Law School Northwestern United States Northwestern Anglo American Northwestern Northwestern Northwestern Topics Northwestern Northwestern Its LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Northwestern Northwestern Northwestern University Law School Elbert H. Gary Judge Elbert H. Gary Librarian Dean. Northwestern These Chicago Bar However Dean John H. Wigmore. And Northwestern University Law School Chicago Bar Levy Hall. GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL LEVY MAYER HALL View Interior Court Cloister LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER We Northwestern University Law School Mrs. Levy President Chicago Northwestern University University Chicago. So Chicago Tonight Professor Frederic C. Woodward. Prof. Woodward Northwestern Illinois Law Review. He Northwestern Leland Stanford University. University Chicago Professor Woodward. Professor Woodward Alumni Law School University Chicago. Probably Yale Harvard New Haven GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Cambridge Harvard Yale · Northwestern University Chicago. Dean Wigmore Dean Those Mrs. Tigmore Dean And Mr. Crossley Dean Dean Wigmore. So LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Turning University Chicago Mrs. Iayer Northwest University Law School Levy Memorial Northwestern Law School Dean Tigmore's And Mrs. Northwestern Law School Law School Chicago Mrs. Northwestern Law School Law School University Chicago President GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL On Judge Elbert H. Gary Class Board Trustees Northwestern University Elbert H. Gary Library Law. Prolonged President We President Scott Northwestern By Northwestern Its We Mr. James F. Oates Jr. Mr. Oates. Mr. Oates Northwestern University Law School Perhaps Dean Law School He His Meeting Dean Wigmore Dean Mr. Jones ell LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Do Yes He Some While Law School Kipling iding Yet Dean John Henry Wigmore. He Dean Wigmore Law School Dean Wigmore Whether We Anglo American We Dean Wigmore GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Northwestern University Law School Mrs. Northwestern University Law We Levy We President Homer H. Cooper Fellow Alumni Standing American Northwestern Unique Features. Chicago World's Columbian Exposition Anglo American Tokio Japan Northwestern University. So Chicago Mr. Wigmore'sNorthwestern University Law School LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Yet MAYER Colonel Wigmore Tashington Immediately Few Simultaneously His He Finally Mr. Tigmore Dean Wigmore Europe With Mrs. Wigmore Dean Wigmore GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Enroute Europe Dean Wigmore Washington D. C. Senator Root Anglo American By Dean Wigmore Pennsylvania Railroad Washington New York. Dean Wigmore English Norman French Wigmorese. By New York Estoppel. After Dean Wigmore Treatise Evidence Being European One Boston Monte Carlo. Mr. Wigmore Mrs. Wigmore Wigmore's System Breaking Bank Monte Carlo LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Moving Rome Mr. Wigmore After Insanity Intoxicating Liquors Mussolini International Law Pandects Justinian Code From Italy Dean Wigmore Switzerland. Swiss Cantonment Canteen Laws. Swiss · League Nations Treaty Versailles City Geneva European Greece. Dean Wigmore League. Dean Wigmore League Nations Kenesaw Mountain Landis. Hague Permanent Tribunal International Justice. Simultaneously U. S. S. George Washington Wigmore Evidence Second Edition Judge Harry Olson Homewardbound Dean Wigmore London Westminster Liability Guests Landlords Inns Temple GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Liverpool Nine Albert Kocourek Illinois Law Review Twentieth Century Limited Review videntiary Value Verdict Not Guilty Herrin Lake County Illinois Now Dean Wigmore Mr. Chairman Europe Universal American Fascism Italy League Nations Permanent Court International Justice. We Italy Popolo talia Fascist Italians Fascism Italy Last . Mr. Mussolini Roosevelt Italy. He Fascism Italy American Legion American Federation Labor American Farmers'sFederation Rotary Clubs Charles Dawes LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER League Nations Geneva Assembly's Laka Como Secretary League League's Committee Intellectual Cooperation. Chairman Committee Prof. Bergson French Prof. Einstein Mme. Curie Northwestern's Prof. George Hale Chicago Alumnus Wm. B. Hale Believing League Geneva. League State. Unselfish Geneva However School Work Workings League Nations From Geneva Holland Hague Peace Palace Andrew Carnegie Permanent Court International Justice. There Judge Moore Court However Federal Supreme Court · Civilized GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Court Justice. And World Justice. Let Justice Justice There Justice. Egyptian Christ Goddess Time. And United States America. Justice Justice. Law Law Justice. Having Europe American We America Europe. On LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER And consc Northwestern Front And Because School ALUMNI By School's With Levy Hall School's. School's Faculty And Mr. Chairman Alumni School And Now Law School Northwestern GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL LEVY MAYER HALL View Interior Court Cloister LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Primarily Alumni School And School NOvV Now Rubicon WILL NOT Prolonged President Now Only Mr. Hayes McKinney Campaign Committee Law School Mr. McKinney Mr. Chairman Campaign. Campaign Building Endowment Fund School Alexander McKinlock Memorial Campus Side. Having Law School Mrs. Levy Law School Levy Hall. Only GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Mrs. Committee Chairman School Law School Campaign Levy Hall Law School Please Law School Northwestern University Law School Trustees Northwestern University Law School Our Committee Chairs Law School Northwestern University School Abraham Lincoln Henry Booth Lyman Trumbull Harvey Hurd James High William Farwell Henry Schofield James Bradwell Thomas Drummond Wirt Dexter Oliver Wendell Holmes Henry Blodgett Charles Linthicum John M. Harlan Thomas Hoyne David Dudley Field Julius Rosenthal Nathan Davis Albert Kales. Rosenthal Linthicum Foundations LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Many Henry Schofield Henry Schofield Chair Constitutional Law. Chair John Henry Wigmore Chair Evidence. Law Alumni Trustees Trustees Northwestern University Association IT RESOLVED Northwestern Law School Association irst JOH HENRY WIGMORE CHAIR OF Ev DENCE Northwestern University. 'Second One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars Chair. hird One Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars Law Chair. ourth Law Alumni Trustees GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL John Henry Wigmore Chair Evidence. ifth Secretary Association Board Trustees Northwestern University Board Trustees Resolution Law Alumni Trustees President Before Law Alumni Trustees Wigmore Chair Evidence. We ChairMAYERAye. President Now Mr. McKinney Mr. Harold J. Clark Wigmore Chair Evidence There Let Indeed Mr. McKinney. Mr. McKinney Mr. Chairman Committee. LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Committee Mr. Roswell B. Mason Special Gifts Mr. Ernest Palmer Special Gifts Committee Committee Large Chicago Chairmanship Secretary Law School Mr. Frederic B. Crossley Publicity Chairmanship Mr. Homer H. Cooper Chairman Chairmanship Mr. C. Lysle Smith And Chicago Chairmanship Mr. Harold J. Clark Committee GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Chicago Mr. Clark Chicago Chairman Mr. Chairman Mr. Clark Chicago Chairman Chicago President Mr. Harold J. Clark Chicago He Mr. Clark. Mr. Clark Mr. Chairman Mrs. Fellow Alumni We Law Alumni Trustees Mr. Chairman While Mrs. LAW ALUMNI MEETING OCTOBER Trustees Levy Hall Committee American PIE. Law School Pie Committee We An Chicago Alumni There Chicago To Mr. Wigmore Levy Hall. We Mr. Wigmore We Wigmore Evidence GIFT OF LEVY MAYER HALL Dean? No America We While Cards Worker'sNow We Mrs. Alumni. Northwestern. President Dean Wigmore Europe Have ? </text>
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                    <text>NORTHWESTERN
University Bulletin

-----------·-------------------- - ---------------------------Vol. XXVI

September 25, 1925

No. 4

Northwestern University Bulletin is published weekly during the academic
year at Chicago, Illinois. Entered as Second Class Matter November 21, 1913,
at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under Act of Congress of August 24, 1912 .
Accepted for mailing at special rates of postage provided for in Section
1103, Act of October 3, 1917, a uthoriz ed on June 14, 1918.

---------------

Law School News
I.

Portraits Unveiled at the Alumni Banquet, 1925.
HENRY BOOTH
HARVEY HURD
CHARLES LINTHICUM
CHARLES HYDE

II.

The Dean's Lecture Tour in the vVest.

III. The Dean's Speech at Commencement.

PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Northwestern University Building
CHICAGO

�. Officers of the Alumni Association

1925-6
President: Homer H. Cooper, '14
First Vice-Presi"dent: Frederic R. De Young, '97
Second Vz"ce-Presz"dent: Homer B. Dibell, '90
Thz"rd Vz"ce-Presz"dent: C. lVI. C~ay Buntain, '02
Treasurer: Samuel E. Knight, '91
Secretary: Ralph Brown, '20

,.

�•

I.

Unveiling of Portraits

at the
Annual Alumni Banquet, 1925.
In view of the speedily approaching construction of the Levy
Mayer Hall, the new home of the Law School on the McKjnlock
Memorial Campus, at Lake Shore Drive and Chicago Avenue, it was
resolved by the Law Alumni Trustees to undertake to add to the dignity and historic·meaning of the new building by providing a series
of oil portraits of personages whose names have been significant
in the traditions of the school. By vote of the Law Alumni Trustees, these personages would include: l. Founders and others associated with the earlier history; _2. Former deans; 3. Former professors; 4. Alumni of great distinction. In mqst cases, it is hoped,
that the families or descendants will procure and present the portrait;_ where it is impossible, the tru stees will provide it.
The portraits completed during the past year number four;
and several othe'rs are now in preparation. It was resolved to make
the Annual Alumni Banquet of 1925 the occasion for the presentation of the completed ones. These were: HENRY BooTH, HARVEY
BOSTWICK HURD, CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM. CHARLES CHENEY
HYDE.
The portrait of Judge Booth was presented by the Law Alumni
Trustees; the artist was Christian Abrahamsen , of Chicago.
The portrait of Professor Hurd was presented by his daughters, Mrs. Eda H. Lord and Mrs. Nellie H. Comstock, and his grandsons, Messrs. Thomas and Robert 0. Lord and Hurd Comstock;
Trustees; the artist was Christian Abrahamsen, of Chicago.
The portrait of Professor Linthicum was presented by Mrs.
Linthicum; the artist was Valerio.
The portrait of Professor Hyde was presented by Mrs. Hyde
and his .Jaw partners, Messrs, Hennings, '12, Thulin, '12, Watson, '12, Westbrook, '12, Keyes, '12, and Sanderson.
After an opening announcement by President Cooper, '14,
the portraits were successively unveiled, and short addresses made
for each one. The addresses follow:
3

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

4

HENRY BOOTH
A. DUPUY, '82

BY GEORGE

It will be 44 years this autumn
since I became a student under
Judge Booth's instruction. If we
should recall the great Chicago lawyers of that day, we would encounter
the names of Leonard Swett, Emory
A. Storrs, Wirt Dexter, Melville W.
Fuller, Corydon Beckwith, Edward
Isham, and others; and among them
the name of the man whose memory
we wish to honor tonight in the presentation of this portrait.
Henry Booth was born on a farm
near Roxbury, Connecticut, Aug. 19,
1818. He graduated from Yale in
the class of 1840. For a time thereafter, he lived and practiced law in
Towanda, Pennsylvania. In 1856 he
was called to Poughkeepsie, New
York, to be in charge of an institution known as the State and National
Law School. In 1859 he was elected
dean of the Chicago University Law
School. This was not the present
University of Chicago, but its now
extinct predecessor, the site of whose
buildings was on Cottage Grove Ave.
near 36th St. Dr. Galusha Anderson was President of that institution
until it closed its career. Judge
Booth in 1859 assumed the duties of
Dean of the Law Department, and
served in that capacity through all
the changes which the organization
underwent during the long period of
_m ore than 30 years. Some years
after he became dean, Northwestern
University desired to add a law department to its educational activities, and the two universities united
in forming the Union College of

Law, each university taking part in
its management, and each agreeing
to contribute to its financial support.
It was from this Union College that
my class of 1882 was graduated.
Later upon the dissolution of the old
Chicago University, the Union College became the Law Department of
Northwestern University.

In 1870 Dean Booth was elected
_one of the 5 judges of the Circuit
Court of Cook County. He was reelected in 1873 for a full term of 6
years, and thus served 9 years on
the bench. He was a candidate for
re-election in 1879, but was defeated. Reviews by the Supreme Court
of judgments and decrees entered by
him are found, volumes of reports
Nos. 60 to 93, inclusive.
Judge Booth's religious views are
indicated by his membership in the
Third Unitarian Church, and his active interest in the Ethical Culture
Society. He was also president of
_Chicago Philosophical Society, and
,some of his lectures on theological
topics roused the very outspoken disapproval of the Orthodox ministry.

In personal appearance, Judge
_Booth, as you see by the portrait before you, was of spare and meager
physique; but he was very active
in his habits. From 1866 until 1892
he lived at 505 West Lake St. near
Ogden Ave. It was his constant and
almost invariable practice to walk
in proceeding downtown and in returning t~ his home each day. He
used ( as I can well remember when
.I was a student), to mount quickly
the three_or more flights of stairs to
the classroom, while we indolent stu-

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

dents stood wa1tmg for the small,
wheezy old elevator. His voice also
corresponded to his physical frame
and was rather thin and lacking in
resonance. He was a good· teacher,
lucid in his explanations, always
patient and sympathetic with his students. I believe every student in the
school was his loyal and devoted
friend.
He was a man of the most humanitarian character; and there was
hardly a time during his long career when some student, or some
poor family, or some unfortunate
individual, was not the object of his
brotherly care and assistance. If
my time permitted, I could relate
many incidents illustrative of his
character. One thing further I must
tell you, for it seems to me to indicate in a very pointed way the
character of the man. The Illinois
Constitution provides that judges
shall have a fixed salary, and no
other compensation, perquisite or
benefit. Judge Booth construed this
so literally and rigidly that during
the nine years of his judgeship he
Teceived no pay for his arduous labor of teaching in the law school.
During those years he devoted the
hours from 8 to 9 A. M. and 5 to 6
P. M. to his work of teaching. These
were extra hours, hours when most
professional men were free, but
these hours he gave to unrequited
labor out of sheer spirit of service
and love for the work.
He retired in 1891, after 32 years
of continuous service. Finally, when
only a few weeks short of 80 years
of age, on April 29, 1898, he passed
on to the great beyond.

5

In conclusion, let me express the
sentiment that Judge Booth was a
great teacher, a heroic and most unselfish character, a righteous servitor in the halls of learning and
in the courts of justice, and above
all, a true and good man.
This fine portrait is a very excellent counterfeit presentment of
his face and features; and it will enable the coming generations of
young men and women, who pass
through the halls of the much great,er and larger Northwestern University Law School, to know something
more of. the form and features of the
first great dean of the school.
I have great pleasure, on behalf of
.the donors, to present this portrait
of Judge Booth to the school.
HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD
BY FRANK J. LOESCH '74
Harvey Hurd was born in Huntington, Connecticut, February 14,,
1828, and started on an independent
career, when he was fourteen years
of age, with his wardrobe in a pocket
.handkerchief. He located first in
Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he
worked on a local newspaper for
two years. In 1844 he came to Illinois, with a company of ten young
men, and entered Jubilee College in
.Peoria County. He remained in that
school one year, and then went to
Peoria; came to Chicago January
17, 1846, where he was employed
for a time in the office of the "Evening Journal" and in the office of
the "Prairie Farmer," meanwhile
studying law under the direction of
Calvin DeWolf. He was admitted
to the Bar in 1848.

,_

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

Mr. Hurd became associated in
practice with Dean Booth, and in
1862 was appointed a member of the
faculty of the Law School. He continued in that position until about
1869, when he resigned in order to
work exclusively upon the revision
of the statutes. On its completion,
in 1.874, he was again appointed
professor of law. The old University of Chicago Law School had
.passed into the joint control of that
university and Northwestern University, and was known as the Union
College of Law. He continued a
member of the faculty of that school
until 1902, when he resigned, . and
was made professor emeritus. But
):ie delivered occasional lectures up
to the time of his death, in 1904.

cial biennial editions, with the cooperation of Judge Bradwell, of the
Chicago Legal News. So skillful
had been his draftsmanshi p, and so
serviceable these biennial editions,
that this Revision met the needs of
the Bar continuously, and the Revision of 1874 remains today as the
oldest official revision still in force
in any State.

The Sanitary District (Drainage)
Act. When Hurd had been assistant
to State's Attorney Charles Haven,
in the 'S0's, he became interested in
the drainage law. The engineering
problem of securing pure lake-water
:for Chicago met serious obstacles in
the local government and taxation
system. Mr. Hurd, after much study
devised a law to govern the presThe wide range of Professor . ent drainage system• of Chicago,
Hurd's professional sympathies and which_ diverts the sewage and wa$te
the originality and progressiveness material, heretofore poured into
of his mental genius are exhibited Lake Michigan, into the Illinois
in his four great contributions to the River. Its legal originality consisted
legal system of Illinois: the Revised in creating a· municipality, having
Statutes of 1874; the Sanitary Dis- taxing powers, but distinct from
trict (Drainage) Act; the Torrens both the city and the county. In
(Land Title Registration) Acl; ~nd 1886 he introduced the Hurd Bi!L
the Juvenile Court Act.
which led to the appointment of the
legislative commission, in 1887, to
The Revised Statutes. In 1869, investigate drainage conditions in
he was appointed by Governor Pal- Chicago, and this commission remer as one of the three commission- ported a bill substantially the same
ers to prepare a consolidated re- as the bill introdu ced by Mr. Hurd
vision of the State statutes. Owing in 1886. Later he assumed much
to the death of one member, and the of the organization of the district.
resignation of another, the grealer and the Act was adopted by the peopart of the task was performed by ple in 1889.
Professor Hurd alone. In 1874 the
The Land Title Registration SJswork was :finished and presented Lo
the Legislature, and upon its adop- tem. When a State commission was
tion he was appointed editor. After- appointed to investigate the desirwards he published thirteen unoffi- ability of introducing the Torrens

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

system of land-title registration, Mr.
Hurd was made chairman of the
comm1ss10n. The act drafted by
the commission (and chiefly by
himself) was passed on May 1, 1897.
Its constitutionality was successfully
defended by him before the Illinois
Supreme Court. This State thus became the first in the Union to recog11ize the system. It is an interesting
coincidence that the first three chief
examiners of titles have been graduates of the school in which Professor Hurd taught.

The Juvenile Court Act. Mr.
Hurd had interested himself actively
in the rescue of juvenile offenders.
Up to that time, the juvenile had in
some jurisdictions been given special
treatment, but always in a branch
of the criminal court. Mr. Hurd
devised the plan of placing them under the equitable jurisdiction, invoking the historic function of the chancellor as "parens patriae."
He
drafted a bill embodying this principle in its procedure; and this act
The Illinois
was passed in 1899.
Act was the first of its kind. It was
soon copied in Pennsylvania, and
then spread to other States. It is
now universally acknowledged as
.the ty pe for juvenile jurisdiction;
and the Juvenile Court of Chicago
has been visited by judges and social
,w orkers from all over the world, to
observe its methods.
The three institutions last described are the most original contributions ever made by Illinois to the
American legal system, and Professor Hurd was their originator. So
that he highly merited the honorary

7

degree of Doctor of Laws, bestowed
in 1898 by Torthwestern university.
CHARLES CLARENCE LI JTHICU~
BY OTTO R . . BARNETT '87
I shall not attempt to pronounce
a formal eulogy of Charles Clarence Linthicum. But I make my
,t ribute tonight to one whom I am
happy and proud to have known as
a man, as a friend, and both as an
associate and as an opponent in the
practice of the law. Our points of
contact were many-whether on the
golf links, in intimate conversation
,as when we walked the shores of
Little Traverse Bay, in the fellowship of our law society, or in professional conference or conflict.
Said he, one time: "Otto, I don't
want merely a formal service at my
funeral. I'd just rather have some
of the boys talk and say what is in
their hearts to say about me." So,
in that wise, shall I talk tonight.
To those who knew and loved h im
In
he was "Charley" Linthicum.
all things he measured to the full
statute of a man, but withal kindly,
gentle, tolerant. In memory's gallery we still see the twinkle of his
eye-the kindly, whimsical smile
which so endeared him to us.
Graduating fror;i this school in
1882, it was not long before he became foremost as one highly skilled
in the intricate specialty of the patent law. But he was, first of all, a
thorough lawyer, not only in his
grasp and knowledge of the fundamentals and the philosophy of the

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

law, but in that broad comprehension of the ideals, traditions and
obligations of the lawyer to the
public, to the Court and to his clients, without which no man can attain real eminence at the Bar. As
senior counsel he was always courteous and considerate of his juniors.
giving them full opportunity and
full credit. As an opponent, he was
ever a foeman worthy of any lawyer's steel, but meticulously fair
and honest in all things. I well
remember his saying that if, in litigation, he made a new acquaintance,
and by the end of the _suit he had
not made of him a new friend, he
felt he had lost an opportunity.
He truly loved his fellowmen.
Particularly was he interested in
helping young men coming to the
bar. I have thought that the remembrance of his own early strug,gles may have been largely the cause
of that interest.
He never forgot that as an officer
of the Court, the lawyer owes a
very real duty to be scrupulously
frank with the Court in all things.
l recall that a case had been certified to the United States Supreme
Court on three very important questions of patent law. Then tht clients settled their differences. "Otto",
said he, "I'd crawl on my hands and
knees to Washington just to argue
those questions, but we can't do it.
We've got to be honest with the
Court and tell it that those are now
only moot questions. ';
Of his interview with Judge
Gary, when he was offered the position of patent counsel in charge of

all patent matters for the United
States Steel Corporation, he said:
"I realized that this appointment
meant I had reached as high a success in the patent law as I could
hope for. But, perhaps strangely,
even while Judge Gary was talking
to me in his richly and beautifully
appointed office, my mind dwelt not
so much on the success attained, but
it turned back to those days of early
struggle, to the bitter grinding toil
and days of real poverty, and to
that dear helpmate who in those
days endured and worked and economized with me, and made my success possible." If our friend hears
us tonight, as perhaps he may, I am
sure he would not be content if, in
this tribute to him, I failed to mention this richly deserved tribute
which he paid to Mrs. Linthicum.
An indefatigable worker, he remained to the last. To the remonstrances of his friends, he replied
smiling: "I expect to die in the harness, but then, that's my way." And
it was, even so.
I am happy to present, on behalf
of Mrs. Linthicum, this likeness of
Charles C. Linthicum, to hang on
the walls of the law school in which
he both studied and taught. There
shall it hang, the speaking likeness
of a great lawyer, and one who was
every inch a man, to inspire in
generations of law students to come,
the highest ideals of a lawyer.
Truly he lived up to the admonition :-"Love mercy, do justice, and
walk humbly with thy God."

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

CHARLES CHENEY HYDE
BY CHARLES H. WATSON '12
Charles Cheney Hyde was born
in Chicago, May 22, 1873, the son
of Dr. James Nevins Hyde and Alice
Louise Hyde. His father, who had
achieved distinction for his medical
services in the Navy during the
Civil War, came to Chicago shortly
after the close of the War, and was
one of the professional ·men who
helped make the City become recognized as a center of learning in
his profession, not only in this
country but abroad. Mr. Hyde was
the nephew of Bishop Charles Edward Cheney, known to most of us
here. He was reared on the near
south side, not far from the Illinois
Central Terminal Station.
At a
veu early age he had an ambition
to be a conductor on that railroad,
but for some reason, not known to
me, the ambition was thwarted, and
he turned his attention to professional work!
Seriously, however,
it is not strange that a man with the
heritage which he had, and with the
intellectual environment of his earlv
life, should decide to devote his efforts to a particular task which had
not been covered before in any satisfactory way; nor is it strange that
he should have a keen desire to
render his country a distinct service.
He came to Northwestern University Law School at a time when
it was not an easy matter to gain
recognition as an instructor. There
were on the Faculty during the early
years of his service such men as our
beloved Dean, Roscoe Pound, Albert Martin Kales, Henry Schofield

9

and many others, who were recognized as authorities in their parttcular lines. Yet he was regarded by
the students as a very able, thorough
and conscientious instructor. He
sought always to treat them with the
same regard that he had for members of the profession. His earnest
effort to be fair to all of his students may be illustrated by an experience which I had shortly after
I went into his office. It was examination time at the close of the
school year, and he asked me to
take all the examination books, remove the covers and devise some
code whereby I could connect the
owners with the papers after they
had been graded, so that he would
not know the identity of the writer
at the time of the grading. This is
only illustrative of the care which
he used in all matters that pertained
to the school work.
I was asked by Mr. Hyde to accept work in his office at a time
when the firm with which I had been
associated was dissolving by mutual
consent.
Each of two of the retiring partners had asked me to go
with him, incidentally at a higher
salary than that offered me by Mr.
Hyde. I had made no mention of
this fact in arriving at my decision.
The matter came to his attention
some time later through another
source. When this was found out
and without any consultation with
me, the pay envelope for the following week contained an amount in
excess of my salary, sufficient to
cover that which I would have made,
had I accepted either of the other
offers.

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

As a partner, I can testify that
Mr. Hyde scrupulously observed
with associates and clients the utmost fairness in all his dealings.
His desire always was to see justice done. The passion of so many
litigants to win their cases, right
or wrong, was never borne by him.
I am reminded of an incident where
he was very anxious to have one of
our local courts interpret a treaty
in a way which he had for many
years believed to be a fair and .logical interpretation.
The case was
fully argued, briefs were submitted,
and the matter was taken under advisement by the Court. After this,
but before the· court rendered a decision, a case was decided by the
Supreme Court of California holding just the opposite to Mr. Hyde's
contention. It is believed that the
opposing counsel did not know of
this decision. Notwithstanding this
fact and with full knowledge that it
meant an adverse ruling, Mr. Hyde
promptly brought the decision to
th·e attention of the court.
Very early in h'is professional
life, Mr. Hyde decided that he would
devote himself to a study of international law. As most of us know,
the best part of twenty years was
given to this work. His early desire to render a service to his country was first realized, when at the
close of the war several parts of
his then unpublished manuscript
were printed by the State Department for the confidential use of
our dBlegates to the Peace Convention in 1919. In 1922 the completed work, under the title "International Law Chiefly as Interpreted

and Applied by the United States,"
was published in two volumes by
the house of Little, Brown &amp; Company, of Boston. Usually an author is satisfied if a book of this
type is well received in his own
country. It is seldom indeed that
he can hope for so favorable a reception both at home and abroad
as greeted this work. I would like
to quote from a review by Cyril M.
Picciotto, published in the Journal
of Comparative Legislation and International Law, in London, England, in November, 1922:
"Almost no praise is too high for
this admirable work, which will take
its place as a classic among treatises
upon international law."
Again:
"This part of the work, like every
other, is a miracle of exhaustive
comprehensiveness of treatment, of
rich learning, ripe and temperate
judgment, and orderly presentation.
The world of international law is
the richer for this work, which is
the most noteworthy and memorable
of modern times."
Since February 11, 1923, Mr.
Hyde has been Solicitor for the
State Department at Washington.
The same conscientious desire for
faithful service has been noticed by
those who have had an opportunity
to come in contact with the work of
He
this office during this period.
retires July 1st of this year. Judging by press reports in some of the
Eastern papers, I may say that he
leaves an enviable record as Solicitor.
Mr. Hyde _has always been very

�•

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

fond of Chicago and especially fond
of Northwestern University Law
School and its connections. I know
that nothing could please him more
than what is being done tonight.
All those who know him personally
will agree that loyalty and appreciati on are among his outstanding
characteristics. These, along with
the other characteristics to which I
have referred, are so well illustrated in a letter addressed to the Alumni and forwa rded to me yesterday,
that I ask the liberty of now reading
it:
Washington, D. C.
June 10, 1925
"The Alumn i of Iorthwestern University Law School,
Chicago, Illinois.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
"As I am unabie to be present at
the dinner of the 1 orthwestern University Alumni tomorrow night permit me to send this word to you.

"I am profoundly . touched and
deeply gratified by the expression
of a desire on the part of the Alumni that my portrait be placed in the
Law School building. I am deeply
honored by your thought of me and
am grateful beyond words to my
friends who have made it possible
to have my portrait painted for such
a purpose.

11

"Northwestern University Law
School has for more than twentyfive years meant much to me.
I
have gained inspiration from Dean
Wigmore and my associates. The
Law School has given me my partners with , whom I hope soon to renew an active professional relationship.
"Northwestern University Law
School has for years offered an important stimulus to constructive
work in law and it has been a veritable oasis of refreshment for those
in the west who have labored in
the field of international law.
"Even if I am unable to be present at the dinner, I beg to assure
you of my delight and satisfaction
over the fact that through the medium of my portrait you are permitting me to be deemed a participant
in what the Law School has heretofore done. But I have a real hope.
It is that my portrait may always
bear witness to the fact that so long
as I live I have the sincere and most
affectionate hope that Northwestern
Law School may exercise a stimulating and cheering and refreshing influence to stir American citizens to
study with patience and vigor the
la,ir of nations.
Faithfully yours,
(Sd.)

CHARLES CHENEY HYDE."

�II. The Dean's
Lecture Tour 1n the West

Q

UES. What was the purpose ture, and sometimes both.
Ques. Where did your to ur beof your recent lecture tour in
gin?
the West?
Ans. We started in at New OrAns. It originated in invitations
received from Universities and Bar leans on April 3, and then went on
Associations to give my series of il- to Austin. Here I gave the entire
lustrated lectures on The World's series of five lectures, under the
Legal Systems. But a principal mo- auspices of the Law Faculty of the
Professor Leon
tive in accepting this opportunity State University.
was to revisit the Alumni all along Green, of that Faculty, who was on
the line ·and to clasp hands once , our Summer Law · Faculty in i923,
more with my former students and typified the abundant hospitality of
good friends who are now leaders Texas, which for warm-hearted and
considerate attentiveness to the guest
of the Bar all through the West.
is like nothing else in America.
Ques. What was the subject of
Ques. How far did you travel,
the lectures?
all told?
Ans. The lectures are an invenAns. I lectured in nine States,
tion of mine, applying visual methbefore
two Universities and nine
ods in legal education. It consists
in the use of colored lantern slides Bar Associations, 21 times in all,
to illustrate the history of all the and more than ten thousand persons
principal legal systems of the world. attended the lectures. ,At San FranThey begin with the Egyptian legal cisco some nine hundred came the
system, and go on through the Baby- first night, and again on the last
lonian, the Hebrew, Hindu, Chinese, night.
Ques. Did you find Alumni of
Greek, Roman , Japanese, Maritime,
Mohammedan, Ecclesiastical, Celtic, the Law School in all these places?
Ans. Yes, almo'st everywhere;
Slavic, Germanic, Romanesque, and
Anglican Legal Systems.
The en- but there were of course differences.
tire sixteen series can be given in In some places a large number of
five or six lectures; but I gave the Northwestern Law Alumni have setwhole series only at the University of tled, in other places very few. I
Texas Law School and at the Hast- met none in New Orleans, nor in
ings College of Law of the Univer- Austin. But in Phoenix ( which is
sity of California. This latter insti- reached next), there is an able and
tution gave me the initial invita_tion, devoted group, most prominent at
and the tour was built around that the Bar, and headed by such famous
invitatioµ.
At the other places I campus figures as F. 0. Smith '07.
gave either the first or the last lec- Our alumnus, Frederick Nave, '97,
12

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

13

was a judge of the Arizona Supreme
Ques. What happened m San
Court, and his memory is warmly Francisco?
cherished there.
Ans. In San Francisco apparentThe Northwestern Alumni Club ly the only Law Alumnus we have
and the Maricopa Bar Association is my good friend T. Worthington
gave us a great dinner, attended by Hubbard '96; but he was a host in
a hundred perso~s, and presided . himself, and gathered for me at dinover by Judge Ross of the Arizona ner a distinguished company of
Supreme Court, who lectured in our Judges of the Supreme and Superior
Law School in the summer of 1924. Courts.
Among the Northwestern Alumni
Ques. How long did you stay in
present were Chambers, President of San Francisco?
Ans. We were there a week, and
the State Bar Association, Charles
B. Ward, President of the Maricopa lectures were given on five successive
Bar Association, Gust '09, Stahl '12, nights from Monday to Friday, April
Clark '13, Wilkinson '97. The menu 27 to May 1. Some four thousand
was in the form of a deed of gift persons attended them in all, includof goodwill and affection and was ing several judges of the Supreme
one of the most original things of Court. Besides this, I was the guest
the sort ever devised.
at a luncheon meeting of two hunQues. What happened at Los dred and fifty members of the San
Francisco Bar Association, at which
Angeles?
.
Ans. At Los Angeles, the North- I preached on the theme of the obwestern Alumni Club mustered some structiveness of the United States Sen80 members at a dinner. Dr. Wood- ate to Federal Legislation. I found
ward, the President of the Club, was that there was a great demand in
in the chair, and an eloquent speech San Francisco to hear our Vicewas made by President Von Klein- President from Evanston, on the imsmidt, of the University of Southern portant theme of the reform of the
California, and a brilliant alumnus Senate Rules.
of Northwestern. Of the Law School
Ques. Did you then turn East
Alumni Paul Jones '21, Nilsson '15, again?
Abraham '20, Conover '91, King
Ans. No, we then went north'99, Packard '97, Rex '96, Morheis- ward to Portland and Seattle. At
er '12, Wendland '10, Waterman '00, Portland, I had the honor of a visit
Wing '00, McCaughan '07, and from the Governor, Walter M.
George Manierre '99 were present, Pierce, '96, and a lunch of our Law
as well as Elizabeth Kenney '97, who Alumni was arranged, which was
ably represents the woman's contin- attended by the Governor, Summers
gent at the Los Angeles Bar. Some '80, Phillips '03, Asher '06, Woodof these had recently moved to Los ley '00, Boyd '16, Purcell '10, ManAngeles, showing the great attrac- ning '08, Kelly '16, Lewis Moore '06
tion which that metropolis now has ( who is now Deputy Attorney Gento magnetize talent.
eral), and Albert B. Ridgway, Pres.

�14

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

of the Bar Ass'n; Bishop Sumner,
formerly of Chicago, was also present, and Dr. A. H. Cantril, President
of the N01;thwestern Alumni Club of
Portland. Henry Boyd this year is
President of the 91st Division of
Veterans; the 91st Division was
organized at Camp Lewis. Eight
hundred persons attended the lecture
here, which was given 1n the auditorium of the Lincoln High School,
and ·the audience included several
judges from the Supreme Court.
On Saturday afternoon we took
train to Seattle; and here our c,onstant guide was the hospitable Dean
of the State University Law School
of Washington, John T. Condon, '92.
He has done wonders in developing
this School, and it is plain to see that
he is one of the most popular men
in the State. On Sunday, I went
down to Olympia, the capital, under
the escort of Raymond and Earl
· Clifford '15, and paid my respects
to Warren W. Tolman '88, now
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.
Monday noon, May 11, I went to a
lunch of Northwestern Law Alumni,
where I renewed memories of old
times with Eugene Bell '05, David
Moss '99 (now a bank President),
Phillips '03, Martin '05, Hadley '77
(formerly Justice of the Supreme
Court), McNeill '06, Butler '04, and
Dean Hart '23. That evening, at
the lecture before the Seattle Bar
Association; there were five hundred
present, including all but one of the
Judges of the Supreme Court and also 'the veteran lawyer Arthur, first
Plresident of the Washington Bar
Association.

Ques. What did you think of the
rivalry of the cities of Seattle and
Portland?
Ans. On that subject I pledged
myself to have no thought at all,
but believed all that I heard from the
enthusiastic representa"tives of both
cities. Had I stayed longer I might
have been obliged to form an opinion; but the next morning early ·we
started onwards up the beautiful
scenic valley of the Columbia
River, for Denver. Friday evening,
May 15, I lectured in the Cathedral
Room of the Albany Hotel, after a
banquet given, by the Colorado and
Denver Bar Associations. The toastmaster :was Judge Denison of the
Supreme Court, the most beloved
personage _in the Colorado profession, who was a Lecturer in our
summer Law term of 1922. On
Saturday afternoon a second lecture was given at the same place;
and this time about four hundred persons attended, instead of
the three hundred on the first night;
Judge Blume of the Supreme Court
of Wyoming, and the Attorney General of Wyoming, came down from
Cheyenne; also Sampson '15, who is
now Deputy Attorney General of
Wyoming; there were also present
several Judges of the Supreme Court
of Colorado. We have few Law
Alumni in Denver; Dickson '92 (formerly Attorney General) was ill,
and the others were absent from
town; but I lunched with Potter '05,
and Jean Kelly '22, and Arthur '08;
Arthur is now Professor of Law in
the State University of Boulder and
he brought a contingent of law stu-

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

dents all the way from Boulder to
attend the lecture.
That night we left for Lawrence,
Kansas, and on Monday, May 18,
I was a guest of the Law Faculty of
the State University at a luncheon, at
which occasion I presided at the installation of a new Chapter of the
Order of the Coif ( the honor society in law schools, founded at
Northwestern) ; the candidates _admitted were three students in the
School and Chief Justice Johnson of
the Supreme Court of Ka.nsas, who
is now serving his 41st year as a
Supreme Justice; he holds the record
for having served longer in that capacity than any Judge in the 135
years of our national existence. That
night I gave an illustrated lecture
in the University Hall at Lawrence;
and the next evening gave anothel'
lecture of the series before the Bar
Association in Topeka. John Hamilton '16 had been called out of
town; John Hunt '95 came to the
lecture, also Richard Hopkins '01,
now Justice of the Supreme Court;
and at noon that day a luncheon
was...-given me at the Country Club at
which some twenty-five Judges and
prominent lawyers were present, including almost all of the Justices of
the Supreme Court.
The Topeka
Bar Association is a most fraternal
body of men; and they all call each
other by their first names. In Topeka, I visited the Law School of
Washburn College and addressed
the students; Harry Olson, '91, Chief
Justice of the Chicago Municipal
Court, holds a degree from this college.

15

Ques. Where did you lecture
next?
Ans. I was due at Omaha on Friday, May 22; but during a two-hour
stop-over at Kansas City, I ran uptown to see Charlie Carr, '16, who is
now counsel for the Receiver of the
[(ansas City Railway Company, and
Forest Hanna, '14,, who is now
County Prosecuting Attorney; they
seem well identified with the destinies of Kansas City.
In Omaha I attended a luncheon
given by the President of the Omgha
Bar Association, and among other
eminent lawyers met Gen. Roberts,
the oldest member of the Omaha Bar,
and also Judge Hastings, formerly
Dean of the State University Law
School at Lincoln. In the afternoon
I visited Creighton University Law
School with Dean TePoel, and made
a brief address to the law students.
In the evening, the lecture was given
before the Omaha Bar Association
in the Chamber of Commerce rooms;
some four hundred and fifty were
present, including Chief Justice Morrissey of the Supreme Court, who
came down from Lincoln for the
purpose; Judge Morrissey is a Lecturer on our Summer Faculty this
year at Northwestern.
Next day,
Saturday, I went to lunch with some
of our old-timers, Byron Oberst '15,
C. 0. Anderson '16, Roy Howser '05
Henry Fehrman '08 (now counsel
to the Peters Trust Company, one of
the largest in the United States), and
Swanson '07, who came over from
Council Bluffs, Iowa; Cole of the
College of Liberal Arts and President of the Omaha Northwestern Al-

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NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

umni Association, also attended. After lunch I went to meet Dr. Cutter, the new Dean of our Med.ical
School, who took us for a ride in
the suburbs of Omaha; and I am
sure that the Medical School is destined to thrive under his leadership.
Ques. What other places did you
visit?
Ans. That night, May 23, we
took train for Chicago and arrived
home on Sunday morning, "strictly
according to plan."
Ques. What are your impressions
of the lawyers that you met in the
different States?
Ans. I formed the strong impression that the legal profession
everywhere between here and the Pacific· Ocean has felt a vigorous upward movement in the last ten or
twenty years. Everywhere the lawyers gave me the impression of being
a most earnest and able body 0£
men; and everywhere the Bar was
well organized and active in good
works tending to the uplift of the
profession and the community.
Everywhere the Justices of the Supreme Court made me feel satisfied
and proud of the attainments of the
American Judiciary; and I am sure
that in these days the Supreme Judiciary as a whole is maintaining that
status of respect from the Bar and
the community which is s-o essential
in a government of law and order.
Ques. How did you find the Alumni of the Law School?
Ans. I was gratified to note that
everywhere our Alumni represented
leadership in the profession and in
the community. All seemed to be

prosperous and successful, and to be
reaping the just fruits of hard work
and high abilities.
It is, however, curious that in some
regions there is an abundant contingent of Northwestern Law Alumni,
while in others there are few or
none; and I could wish that the distribution of our Alumni were more
wide-spread.

Ques. How about the reception
of the theme of your lectures?
Ans. My main object in offering
these lectures on The World's Legal
Systems was to stimulate an interest
in the world of law outside of our
own country; and the response
shown in the attendance and in the
conversations ·with lawyers indicated
that I was right in believing that the
time is ripe for the growth of such
an interest on the part of the American Bar.
During the next generation, the nations of the world will be
getting together to harmonize, by
compromise, the various diversities
of their national laws, so as to satisfy the increasing needs of harmonious world commerce. In such conferences our American Bar ought to
be able to hold its own. · For this
purpose it is necessary that the lawyers of America should begin actively to acquire an understanding
of the legal systems in the world
around us.
My contribution attempted to arouse that interest by
tracing in pictures the history of the
past and the present systems. I hope
thus to create a realizing sense of
the importance to America of taking its share in the development of
the world law of the future.

1

�III.

The Dean's
Speech at Commencement, 1925
[ At Commencement, 1925, President Scott introduced a new form
of Commencement address. Instead
of a single distinguished orator from
the outside world, there were to be
several speakers representing the
university and its departments, each
one briefly (in five minutes) outlining the scope and ideals of his
department.
The President began,
for the University, and was (on
this occasion ) followed by the Deans
of the Medical School, the Law
School, the Dental School, and the
School of Commerce. On later annual occasions other departments
will be represented.
The speech of the Dean of the
Law School follows:]
1. Justice (said the Roman jurist, Ul pian, nearly 2000 years ago) ,
Justice is the constant aim to allot
to everyone his due share of wellbeing in the community. Law is
the body of rules of conduct that
have been devised by each people
to attain this end. Therefore, the
more elaborate the civilization the
more elaborate are the rules which
the Law must devise to control that
civilization. Every civilized people
must therefore possess a Science of
law. Hence the Law, being a vast
science, must have worthy schools
for fully mastering that science.
That is why the Law School of this
University now exacts four years of
preparation in law.

2. But the Law must also embrace and take notice of all the
other sciences; for example, if the
sciences of physics and of chemistry develop the telephone or the radio or the gas-engine for daily life,
the Law must expand to include and
regulate those activities also. Hence,
the Law, being the regulator of the
whole gamut of human life and science, must require a high preparatory education of those who are
ambitious to undertake its study.
This is why a college education is
now being required of intending
lawyers.
3. Again, Law is an applied science, like medicine.
Hence, its
scientists and teachers ought to be
in the closest touch with its practitioners on the Bench and at the Bar.
A faculty of law cannot afford to
be composed of legal monks . . Hence,
the law school of this University is
located in the heart of the metropolis, in daily clinical contact with
judges and practitioners.
4. A lawyer is the trusted adviser
of the client, in matters of life, liberty and property. Hence, the lawyer must be an honest man. When
it happens that he fails to be, it is
usually because a dishonest client
has succeeded in finding a dishonest lawyer. Hence, one object of
our law school is to breed honest
young men, who will refuse to assist a dishonest client.

17

�18

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN

5. Finally, the Law School of
this University aims to be progres•
sive. This Law School was the first
in the United States to extend the
required law course to four years;
the first to require of every student
an acquaintance with the lives of
those great advocates and judges of
the past, whose example may inspire the young lawyer in his strug•
gle upwards to the heights of his
profession; the first to require the
study of the history and the philosophy of the law; the first to impose a training in the art of pro•
fessional speech; the first to offer
practical experience in a legal clinic,
where the student gives free legal
assistance to the poor, in an office
which has 15,000 cases a year; the
first to offer training in the great
contemporary problems that come
before the legislatures, of which
these young men may some day become members; the first to encourage the study of modern criminal
science, which is destined to reconstruct our criminal law; the first to
establish a law review devoted to
the problems of our own State leg•
islation and jurisprudence; and the
first to offer a complete practical
training in the use of law-books.

But why should a Law School
aim to be progressive? The reason
is this: The Law, as a system, is
naturally conservative; it seeks to
conserve the existing rule, until Society~ has finally made up :its mind
what the new rule should be. Since
the Law itself is naturally conserva•
tive, veteran lawyers as a body tend
to be over-conservative.
Hence
schools of legal education should
supply the counteracting influence,
by being progressive. Most yo ung
men start with ideals; they are ripe
for progressiveness.
A lawyer is
usually less progressive at 50 than
he was at 25. Hence th e law school
can best serve the profession and the
community by emphasizing progres·
sive ideals upon its young men; for
then, if ever, is the best moment at
which to reach their soul::.
And so the Law School of this
University has taken for it criter•
ion: Progressiveness--a discriminat·
ing progressiveness-a progressive·
ness that gives the signal to advancr
when certain that it has solid ground
ahead-a progressiveness adminis•
tered by men of honor and intelligence--a progressiveness that aims
to secure Justice, everywhere, a t all
times, for every citizen.

�,

l

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                <text>NORTHWESTERN University Bulletin Vol. XXVI No. Northwestern University Bulletin Chicago Illinois. Entered Second Class Matter Postoffice Chicago Illinois Act Congress Accepted Section Act Law School News Portraits Unveiled Alumni Banquet HENRY BOOTH HARVEY HURD CHARLES LINTHICUM CHARLES HYDE Dean's Lecture Tour West Dean's Speech Commencement PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Northwestern University Building CHICAGO Officers Alumni Association President Homer H. Cooper First Vice President Frederic R. De Young Second Vice President Homer B. Dibell Thzird Vice President C. M. Clay Buntain Treasurer Samuel E. Knight Secretary Ralph Brown Unveiling Portraits Annual Alumni Banquet Levy Hall Law School McKjnlock Memorial Campus Lake Shore Drive Chicago Avenue Law Alumni Trustees By Law Alumni Trustees Founders Former Former Alumni Annual Alumni Banquet These HENRY BooTH HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE. Judge Booth Law Alumni Trustees Christian Abrahamsen Chicago. Professor Hurd Mrs. Eda H. Lord Mrs. Nellie H. Comstock Messrs. Thomas Robert Lord Hurd Comstock Trustees Christian Abrahamsen Chicago. Professor Linthicum Mrs. Linthicum Valerio. Professor Hyde Mrs. Hyde .Jaw Messrs Hennings Thulin Watson Westbrook Keyes Sanderson. After President Cooper NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN HENRY BOOTH BY GEORGE A. DUPUY Judge Booth's Chicago Leonard Swett Emory A. Storrs Wirt Dexter Melville W. Fuller Corydon Beckwith Edward Isham Henry Booth Roxbury Connecticut Aug. Yale Towanda Pennsylvania. Poughkeepsie New York State National Law School. Chicago University Law School. University Chicago Cottage Grove Ave. St. Dr. Galusha Anderson President Judge Booth Dean Law Department Some Northwestern University Union College Law Union College Later Chicago University Union College Law Department Northwestern University. Dean Booth Circuit Court Cook County. . Reviews Supreme Court Nos. Judge Booth's Third Unitarian Church Ethical Culture Society. Chicago Philosophical Society Orthodox Judge Booth From West Lake St. Ogden Ave. three stuNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Illinois Constitution Judge Booth Teceived During A. M. P. M. These . Finally Judge Booth Northwestern University Law School . Judge Booth HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD BY FRANK J. LOESCH Harvey Hurd Huntington Connecticut . Bridgeport Connecticut Illinois Jubilee College .Peoria County. Peoria Chicago "Evening Journal" "Prairie Farmer Calvin DeWolf. Bar NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hurd Dean Booth Law School. On . University Chicago Law School Northwestern University Union College Law Professor Hurd's Illinois Revised Statutes Sanitary District Drainage Act Torrens Land Title Registration Acl Juvenile Court Act. Revised Statutes. Governor Palmer State Owing Professor Hurd Lo Legislature Afterwards Judge Bradwell Chicago Legal News. So Revision Bar Revision State. Sanitary District Drainage Act. Hurd State's Attorney Charles Haven 'S Chicago Mr. Hurd Chicago Lake Michigan Illinois River. Its Hurd Bi!L Chicago Mr. Hurd Later Act Land Title Registration SJstem. State Torrens NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hurd Its Illinois Supreme Court. State Union Professor Hurd Juvenile Court Act. Mr. Hurd Up Mr. Hurd Illinois Act Pennsylvania States. Juvenile Court Chicago Illinois American Professor Hurd So Doctor Laws Torthwestern CHARLES CLARENCE LI JTHICU BY OTTO R . BARNETT Charles Clarence Linthicum. Our Little Traverse Bay Said "Otto So To "Charley" Linthicum. Graduating NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Court Bar. Particularly Court Court United States Supreme Court . "Otto" Washington We's Court Of Judge Gary United States Steel Corporation Judge Gary Mrs. Linthicum. An To And Mrs. Linthicum Charles C. Linthicum There Truly "Love God NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN CHARLES CHENEY HYDE BY CHARLES H. WATSON Charles Cheney Hyde Chicago Dr. James Nevins Hyde Alice Louise Hyde. His Navy Civil War Chicago War City Mr. Hyde Bishop Charles Edward Cheney Illinois Central Terminal Station. ! Seriously Northwestern University Law School There Faculty Dean Roscoe Pound Albert Martin Kales Henry Schofield Yet His Mr. Hyde Each Mr. Hyde. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Mr. Hyde His . Court. After Supreme Court California Mr. Hyde's Notwithstanding Mr. Hyde Very Mr. Hyde His State Department dBlegates Peace Convention "International Law Chiefly Interpreted Applied United States Little Brown &amp; Company Boston. Usually Cyril M. Picciotto Journal Comparative Legislation International Law London England "Almost Again Since Mr. Hyde Solicitor State Department Washington. Judging Eastern Solicitor. Mr. Hyde NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Chicago Northwestern University Law School All These Alumni Washington D. C. Alumn Iorthwestern University Law School Chicago Illinois. Ladies Gentlemen University Alumni Alumni Law School Northwestern University Law School Dean Wigmore Law School Northwestern University Law School Law School Northwestern Law School American Sd. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE II. Dean's Lecture Tour West QUES. West? Ans. Universities Bar Associations World's Legal Systems. Alumni Bar West. Ques. ? Ans. They Egyptian Babylonian Hebrew Hindu Chinese Greek Roman Japanese Maritime Mohammedan Ecclesiastical Celtic Slavic Germanic Romanesque Anglican Legal Systems. University Texas Law School Hastings College Law University California. invita invitatioμ. Ques. Where ? Ans. We New Orleans Austin. Here Law Faculty State University. Professor Leon Green Faculty Summer Law Faculty i Texas America. Ques. How ? Ans. States Universities Bar Associations San Francisco Ques. Did Alumni Law School ? Ans. Yes Northwestern Law Alumni New Orleans Austin. Phoenix Bar F. Smith Our Frederick Nave NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Arizona Supreme Court Northwestern Alumni Club Maricopa Bar Association Judge Ross Arizona Supreme Court Law School Among Northwestern Alumni Chambers President State Bar Association Charles B. Ward President Maricopa Bar Association Gust Stahl Clark Wilkinson Ques. Los Angeles? Ans. Los Angeles Northwestern Alumni Club Dr. Woodward President Club President Von Kleinsmidt University Southern California Northwestern. Of Law School Alumni Paul Jones Nilsson Abraham Conover King Packard Rex Morheiser Wendland Waterman Wing McCaughan George Manierre Elizabeth Kenney ' Los Angeles Bar. Some Los Angeles Ques. San Francisco? Ans. San Francisco Law Alumnus T. Worthington Hubbard Judges Supreme Superior Courts. Ques. How San Francisco? Ans. We Some Supreme Court. Besides San Francisco Bar Association United States Senate Federal Legislation. San Francisco Vice President Evanston Senate Rules. Ques. Did East ? Ans. No Portland Seattle. Portland Governor Walter M. Pierce Law Alumni Governor Summers Phillips Asher Woodley Boyd Purcell Manning Kelly Lewis Moore Deputy Attorney General Albert B. Ridgway Pres. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Bar Ass's Bishop Sumner Chicago Dr. A. H. Cantril President N Alumni Club Portland. Henry Boyd President Division Veterans Division Camp Lewis. Eight Lincoln High School Supreme Court. On Seattle Dean State University Law School Washington John T. Condon School State. On Olympia Raymond Earl Clifford Warren W. Tolman Chief Justice Supreme Court. Northwestern Law Alumni Eugene Bell David Moss President Phillips Martin Hadley Justice Supreme Court McNeill Butler Dean Hart Seattle Bar Association Judges Supreme Court Arthur Plresident Washington Bar Association. Ques. Seattle Portland? Ans. On Had Columbia River Denver. Cathedral Room Albany Hotel Colorado Denver Bar Associations. Judge Denison Supreme Court Colorado Lecturer Law On Judge Blume Supreme Court Wyoming Attorney General Wyoming Cheyenne Sampson Deputy Attorney General Wyoming Judges Supreme Court Colorado. We Law Alumni Denver Dickson Attorney General Potter Jean Kelly Arthur Arthur Professor Law State University Boulder stuNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Boulder Lawrence Kansas Law Faculty State University Chapter Order Coif Northwestern School Chief Justice Johnson Supreme Court Ka. Supreme Justice Judge University Hall Lawrence Bar Association Topeka. John Hamilton John Hunt Richard Hopkins Justice Supreme Court ... Country Club Judges Justices Supreme Court. Topeka Bar Association Topeka Law School Washburn College Harry Olson Chief Justice Chicago Municipal Court Ques. Where ? Ans. Omaha Kansas City Charlie Carr Receiver [ City Railway Company Forest Hanna County Prosecuting Attorney Kansas City. Omaha President Omgha Bar Association Gen. Roberts Omaha Bar Judge Hastings Dean State University Law School Lincoln. Creighton University Law School Dean TePoel Omaha Bar Association Chamber Commerce Chief Justice Morrissey Supreme Court Lincoln Judge Morrissey Lecturer Summer Faculty Northwestern. Next Byron Oberst C. Anderson Roy Howser Henry Fehrman Peters Trust Company United States Swanson Council Bluffs Iowa Cole College Liberal Arts President Omaha Northwestern Al NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Association After Dr. Cutter Dean Med. School Omaha Medical School Ques. ? Ans. Chicago Ques. States? Ans. Pacific Ocean Everywhere £ Bar Everywhere Justices Supreme Court American Judiciary Supreme Judiciary Bar Ques. How Alumni Law School? Ans. Alumni All Northwestern Law Alumni Alumni Ques. How ? Ans. My World's Legal Systems American Bar. During American Bar America My America III. Dean's Speech Commencement [ Commencement President Scott Commencement Instead President University Deans Medical School Law School Dental School School Commerce. On Dean Law School ] Justice Roman Ul Justice Law Therefore Law Every Science Hence Law Law School University Law Law Hence Law . Again Law Hence Bench Bar. . Hence University . Hence Hence NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BULLETIN Finally Law School University Law School United States State Law School Law Society Since Law Hence Most Hence And Law School University Progressiveness Justice </text>
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\..L/,
SERIES V

I {_

__,.

--.

•

BER

MAY-JULY, 1906

1

NORTHWESTERN
UNIVERSITY
CHICAGO-EVANSTON

BULLETIN
OF THE

SCHOOL OF LAW
(UNION COLLEGE OF LAW)
FOUNDED 1859

OFFICE

OF

NORTHWESTERN
LAKE

AND

PUBLICATION

UNIVERSITY BUILDING

DEARBORN

PUBLISHED

STREETS

Q_UARTERLY

NORTHWESTERN

CHICAGO

BY

UNIVERSITY

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
EVANSTON-CHICAGO.
The University comprises the following departments of instruction, each having a distinct Faculty:
THE COLLEGE OE LIBERAL ARTS, in Evanston,
Founded in 1851, opened in 1855.
THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, in Chicago,
Founded in 1859.
THE LA w SCHOOL, in Chicago,
Founded in 1859.
THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, in Chicago,
Fomided in 1886.
THE DENTAL SCHOOL, in Chicago,
Founded in 1887.
THE SCHOOL OF Music, in Evanston,
Organized in 1895.
The following non-degree-conferring departments
tained by the University:

are

main-

THE ACADEMY, at Evanston,
Established in 1860.
GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, at Onarga, Illinois,
Founded in 1863.
THE ELGIN ACADEMY, at Elgin, Illinois,
Chartered in 1839, opened in 1856.
Garrett Biblical Institute, a theological school authorized by its
charter to confer degrees in divinity, is established on its own
foundation and under separate management. The buildings of the
Institute are on the University campus in Evanston, and the school
is in close co-operation with the University.
The Norwegian Danish Theological School in Evanston is affiliated with the Institute.
The Swedish Theological Seminary · is an independent school
located on the University campus in Evanston.
The Cumnock School of Oratory is conducted on the University
campus in Evanston.
The Interstate School of Correspondence in Chicago is affiliated
with the University, its certificates in academic courses being accepted at their face value toward meeting the entrance requirements
in any department.

�QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE
SCHOOL OF LAW

CONTENTS OF No. 1, SERIES V,
MAY-JULY, 1906.
PAGE .

I. Announcement of Illinois Law Review and Merger of the
Quarterly Bulletin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
II.

Calendar of Session for 1906-07. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3

III.

Revised List of Faculty for 1906 ..... . ... . . . ...... . .....

4

IV. Location and Equipment of the School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
V. Revised List of Courses for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

VI. Tuition Fees; Scholarships; Prizes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
VII. Requirements for Admission and Graduation ...... . ...... 20
VIII. Alumni News Items :
1. Contributions to the library by Hon. Elbert H .
Gary, '67.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Towle Prize Debate .. . . . .. . . .. . .. .. . ........... .. .
3. Abel Davis, '02 .. .. . . . .. . ...... . . . . ............. ..
4. John Maxey Zane, Esq., Lectures on Legal History
and Biography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5. Announcement of Annual Alumni Banquet, 1906 . . ..
IX.

24
25
26
27
28

Revised List of Alumni Secretaries for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

X. List of Students for 1906. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
XI. Young Men's Christian Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION
OF

AMERICAN

LAW

SCHOOLS

Copyright 1906, by Northwestern University.
Entered at the Post-office at Chicago, Ill., as Secon.c!·c;l.1;¥1 mat\c;~•.

�I.

ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ANNOUNCEMENT

With the May, 1906, number the Quarterly issue of the Law
School Bulletin will cease, and hereafter matter pertaining to the
school and the alumni will be included in the monthly issues of the
Illinois Law Review. This Law Review has been established in the
belief that there is not only a field for, but need of a law review that
shall be devoted particularly to the interests of members of the
bar in Illinois; that shall offer a full and fair discussion and exposition of Illinois law and of matters of especial interest to the Illinois
bar, and in this belief the Northwestern University Law Publishing
Association has undertaken th e publication of the above named Review. The aim of the editors will be to publish a journal of practical
value to lawyers; a journal that will be of assistance to every active
lawyer in his daily work.
The principal features of this Review will be:
(1) Articles on legal subjects of live interest to the bar and
people of the State.
(2) Articles on the history and status of important problems
and doctrines in the courts of this State.
(3) Articles and symposiums on proposed constitution.al
amendments and law reforms.
( 4) Reviews of the work of the State legislature at the close
of each session.
'
(5) Reports of committee of State and city bar associations,
and selected addresses delivered before said associations.
(6) Addresses delivered in the course on Legal Tactics in the
Northwestern University Law School.
(7) Critical comment on important decisions of Federal and
Illinois courts, and in some instances of the courts of other States.
(8) Digests of all decisions rendered during each month in the
Appellate Courts of Illinois, and a digest of decisions in important
cases in nisi prius courts in Illinois.
(9) Reviews of law books.
(10) Announcements of Northwestern University Law
School and notes of matters of interest to its alumni.
The subscription price will be three dollars per year; single
copies, forty cents.
The first number will be published May 1, 1906, and monthly
thereafter except during the months of July, August and September.
Subscriptions may be sent to The Illinois Law Review, 87 East
Lake street, Chicago.
No effort will be spared by the editors to make the Review a
journal of general interest and value to all lawyers and a journal
that will be indispensable to lawyers in Illinois. But its success, in
a great measure, must depend upon the constantly active support of
every graduate of the School. May the School not only count upon
your subscription being returned to-day on the blank form enclosed,
but may it not also depend upon you as an interested subscription
i,olicitor among your fellow lawyers?
2

�II.

CALENDER OF SESSION, 1906-1907.

1906.

September 24, Monday,
September 25, Tuesday,
September 26, Wednesday,
September 27, Thursday,
November 29 to December 2,
December 21, Friday,

1907.

January 3, Thursday,
January 28, Monday,
January 31, Thursday,
February 4, Monday,
February 9, Saturday,
February 11, Monday,
February 12, Tuesday,
February 22, Friday,
April 5, Friday,
May 29, Wednesday,
May 30, Thursday,
June 3, Monday,
June 20, Thursday,

Registration Day for New Students.
Registration Day for Applicants for
Advanced Standing.
Registration Day for Other Students.
Lectures Begin.
T hanksgiving Recess.
Lectures Close for Christmas Recess.
Christmas Recess Ends, Lectures Begi n.
Founder's Day.
Lectures Close.
Examinations Begin.
First Semester Ends.
Second Semester Begins.
Lincoln's Birthday.
Washington's Birthday.
Towle Prize Debate.
Lectures Close.
Memorial Day.
Examinations Begin.
Commencement Day.

MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION
OF

AMERICAN

LAW

8

SCHOOLS

�III.

REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY
FOR 1906*

ABRAM WINEGARDNER HARRIS, LL.D.,
President-Elect of the University.
THOMAS FRANKLIN HOLGATE, LL.D.,
Acting President of the University.
JOHN HENRY WIGMORE,

(A. M., LL. B., Harvard University)

Professo: of Law and Dean of the Farnlty.
CHARLES CHENEY HYDE,

(A. M., Yale U;,iversity; LL. B., Harvard University)

Associate Professor of Law.
, ALBERT MARTIN KALES,

(A. B., LL. B., Harvard University)

Associate Professor of Law.
SAMUEL ADAMS,

(A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice.
JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE,

(A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Professor in the Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure.
CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE,
(A. B., Amherst College; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Associate Professor of Law.
HENRY SCHOFIELD,

(A. M., LL. B., Harvard University)

Professor of Law.
LOUIS MAY GREELY,

(A. B., Harvard University)

Professor in the Law of Conveyancing, Mortgages, Carriers, and
Commercial Paper.
LEVI HARPER FULLER,
(B. S., Upper Iowa University; LL. B., Iowa State University)

Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice.
FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD,
(A. M., Dickinson College; LL. M., Cornell University)

Professor of Law.

•Arranged, with the exception of President and Dean, within each group
in the order of seniority of appointment.

4

�REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY.

5

CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM,
(LL. B., Northwestern University)

Professor in the Law of Patents.
MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE,

(A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. Lecturer on
Legal Ethics.
CHARLES BYRD ELDER,
(LL. B., Northwestern University)

Instructor in the Law of Extraordinary Legal Remedies and
Judgments.
HENRY CLAY HALL,
U
~
. Wabash College; LL. B., Northwestern University)
• ' ' \ • Instructor in the Law of Insurance.

A

EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM,
(A. B., Northwestern University)

Lecturer on Voice Training and Forensics.
HENRY LEE PRESCOTT,
(A. B., LL. B., Harvard University)

Lecturer on Forensics.
JOSEPH THOMAS ROBERT,
Lecturer on Parliamentary Law.
CHARLES ERNEST PICKARD,
(A. B., University of Wisconsin)

Lecturer on Trade-Mark and Copyright.
CHARLES YOE FREEMAN,

(A. B., Princeton University; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Lecturer on Corporation Practice.
HERBERT JACOB FRIEDMAN,
(A. B., LL. B., Harvard University)

Lecturer on Liens.
DWIGHT ST. JOHN BOBB,

(A. B., Northwestern University, A. M., LL. B., Harvard University)

Lecturer on Public Service Corporations.
JOSEPH IGNATIUS KELLY,

(A. M., Ph. D., Fordham College; C. E., Pennsylvania Military College;

LL. B., Chicago College of Law)

Lecturer on Roman Law.
ALFRED WILLIAM BAYS,

(A. B., Knox College; LL. B., Northwestern University)

Lecturer on General Practice.

FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY,
(LL. B., Northwestern University)

Secretary of the Law School and of the Faculty.

�IV.

LOCATION AND EQUIPMENT.

The Law School is located in Northwestern University
Building, at the corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets,
Chicago. This building was acquired and equipped at a
cost of nearly one million dollars for the purpose of securing
a permanent home for the departments of law, dentistry
and pharmacy. It is located ne,a r the center of the business
district of Chicago, easy of access from all residence portions of the city. It is within a few blocks of the County,
State, and Federal Courts, and hence offers students an
opportunity to witness the carrying on of litigation in varied
forms. The school occupies 24,000 square feet of space,
divided into convenient lecture-rooms, offices and library.
The library contains about 20,000 volumes and is being
rapidly increased; it now includes all of the official reports
of all the American States and Territories, together with
their statutes; the entire Reporter System, partly in duplicate; the original English Reports together with the Revised Reports and the English Reprint ; a good collection of
legal periodicals, treatises and selected cases. In addition to
the above the Library includes the Gary Collections of
English Legal Historical Material, Ancient and Oriental
Law, American International Law, and Modern Continental
Law, the latter being the most complete collection of its kind
in the United States.

6

�V.

!

REVISED LIST OF COURSES
FOR 1906-7.

FIRST YEAR.
FIRST TERM.
Introduction to the Study of Law-Private reading, as described
in Course A of Prescribed Reading (post, p. 15). Written examinations, with a credit of one term hour.
Contracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Contracts.
Professor w OODWARD.
Torts-Two hours a week. Ames' and Smith's Cases on Torts.
Professor WIGMORE.
Property ([)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property,
Vols. I, II. ( Personal property; tenures and estates in real property;
fixtures, profits, easements, covenants running with land, rents.)
Professor KALES.
Common Law Pleading and Procedure-Three hours a week.
Ames' Cases on Pleading; Andrew's Stephen on Pleading; practical
exercises.
Professor ADAMS.
SECOND TERM.
Contracts (continued)-Three hours a week.
Professor WOODWARD.
Torts (continued)-Three hours a week.
Professor W1GMORE.
Property (I) (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor KALES.
Crimes and Criminal Procedure-Two hours a week. Beale's
Cases on Criminal Law.
Professor LEE.
Master and Servant in Tort-One hour a week. Wambaugh's
Cases on Agency.
Professor W1GMORE.
Damages-One hour a week. Beale's Cases on Damages.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
SECOND YEAR.
FIRST TERM,
Evidence-Two hours a week. Wigmore's Cases on Evidence.
Professor WIGMORE.
Trusts-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Trusts.
Professor w O0DWARD.
Agency-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency.
Professor LITTLE.
7

�8

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

~ ~~ Mur a
Commercial Paper-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Bills
and Notes.
Professor GREELEY.
Equity Jurisdiction-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity
Jurisdiction.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
Property (II)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property,
Vols. III, IV. (Acquisition of real property inter vivos, including
deeds, covenants, etc. ; devolution of property at death, including
descent, wills, administration, etc.)
Professor KALES.
~_.,.....,,....I " E P ' s a ~ ~ T w o hours a week. Smith's
Cas~s"on Persons.
Professor KALES.

,,+

\ ·r

// ,./

I

\

SECOND TERM.

Evidence (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor WIGMORE.
Property (II) (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor KALES.
-\' Equity lttrisdiction ( continued)-Three hours a week. Ames'
Cases on Equity Jurisdiction.
Professor ScHOFIELD.
/ Q1rnsi-Contracts-Three hours a week. Woodruff's Cases on
Quasi-Contracts.
Professor WOODWARD.
[Given in 1906-1907, and alternate years.]
Sales of Personality-Three hours a week. Williston's Cases on
Sales.
Professor WOODWARD.
[Given in 1905-1906, and alternate years.]
.-- Insurance (Fire and Life)-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's
Cases on Insurance.
Mr. HALL.
- qui y Pleading an
edure- wo hours a week. Thompsonts___Cases on Equity Pleading; an_g.,,practical exercises.
-----------Professor ADAMS.
/ Public Service Corporations (Railroad, Telegraph, Gas, Water,
Warehouse, and similar Services)-One hour a week. Beale's and
Wyman's Cases on Public Service Corporations.
Mr.BOBB.
v Liens-One hour a week. Selected cases.
Mr. FRIEDMAN.
THIRD YEAR.
FIRST TERM.

t

Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Corporations.
Professor LITTLE.
Procedure and Practice iti Illinois-Two hours a week.
Professor FOLLANSBEE.
International Law (/)-Two hours a week. Scott's Cases on
International Law.
Professor HYDE.

�REVISED LIST OF COURSES.

'-j)
' Y

111. /

9

International Law (Il)-American Treaties and Diplomacy; topics for research. Two hours a week.
Professor HYDE.
Suretyship-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Suretyship.
Professor LITTLE.
Judgments and Auxiliary Legal Remedies (Attachments, Garnishment, Execution, etc.)-One hour a week. Rood's Cases on AttachMr. ELDER.
ments and Judgments.
Constitutional Law-Three hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
Property (Ill)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property,
Vols. V, VI. ( Conditional and future interests; restraints on alienation; fraudulent transfers; registration of deeds; conversion and
election; joint ownership; curtesy and dower; homestead.)
Professor KALES.
Conveyancing-One hour a week. Drafting exercises, study of
selected abstracts, and lectures on practice.
Professor GREELEY.
Conflict of Laws-Three hours a week. Beale's Cases on Conflict
of Laws.
Professor HYDE.
Code Pleading and Procedure-One hour a week. Cases on Code
Pleading.
Professor WoODWARD.
Roman Law-One hour a week. Kelly's Select Titles from
Justinian's Pandects.
Mr. KELLY.
Practice Court-Two hours a week, at a single session. Causes
prepared and conducted through all details of litigation, by students
as attorneys and counselors, under the direction of a professor as
judge.
Professor FULLER.
*Patents of Invention ([)-General Survey. Five lectures.
Professor LINTHICUM.
Parts II and III will not be given, unless at least twenty special
students apply for them before October 15:
(ll)-Patent Soliciting. Twenty lectures, with practical exercises.
(lll)-Patent Law and Practice. Forty lectures.
SECOND TERM.
Corporations (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor LITTLE.
Corporation Practice-One hour a week. Practical Exercises in
conducting corporate legal business, drafting instruments, etc.
Mr. FREEMAN.
*These three form a single course; the first fart is open to all students;
the second and third parts are open to students o the second and third years,
and to special students, but cannot be taken separately. The number of lectures
is equivalent to two hours a week through the year, and work in the course
will therefore be credited as four term hours.

�10

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

Bankruptcy-Two hours a week. Williston's Cases on Bankruptcy.
Professor WOODWARD.
Constitutional Law (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
Carriers- Three hours a week. McClain's Cases on Carriers ;
Beale's Cases on Carriers.
Professor GREELEY.
Conveyancing (continued)-One hour a week.
Professor GREELEY.
Mortgages-Two hours a week. Kirchwey's Cases on Mortgages.
Professor GREELEY.
Public Officers-One hour a week.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
[Given in 1905-1906, and alternate years.]
Practice Court (continued)-Two hours a week, at a single
session.
Professor FULLER.
Property (III) (continued)-Two hours a week.
Professor KALES.
Municipal Corporations-One hour a week. Smith's Cases on
Municipal Corporations.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
Partnership-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Partnership.
Professor LITTLE.
Extraordinary Legal Remedies (Mandamus, Quo Warranto,
Habeas Corpus, etc.)-One hour a week. Roberts' Cases on Extraordinary Legal Remedies.
Mr. ELDER.
Jurisdiction of Federal Courts-One hour a week.
Professor SCHOFIELD.
The total number of term hours offered for selection in this curriculum is one hundred and five, the equivalent of nearly fifty-three
hours a week through the year. The courses being graded as carefully as possible between the three year-groups, no first-year student
may take courses in the second or third year-groups without special
permission; and no second year student may take courses in the
third year-group (except Constitutional Law and Patents of Invention) without special permission; and a third-year student taking
the courses of Conveyancing and Property III must already have
taken the courses of Property I and IL But any regular student
may take any course offered in the group of the year for which he is
entered, or any course not already taken by him in a preceeing year.
COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE.

Trade-Marks and Copyrights-Six lectures.
Mr. PICKARD.
General Review-Five hours a week for a month; given twice, in
September and June, prior to the State examination for admission
to the Bar.
Mr. BAYS.
Professor FOLLANSBEE.
Legal Ethics-Five lectures.

�LEGAL WRITING, SPEAKING, AND PRACTICE.

11

SCHEDULE OF HOURS.
The schedule of hours is so arranged that the courses are given
in general as follows:' first year courses, between two and five
o'clock in the afternoon; second year courses, between nine and
twelve o'clock in the morning; third year courses, between three
and seven o'clock in the afternoon. The Practice Court is held in
the evening at half past seven.
SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING
AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW.

In addition to the systematic instruction in the body of the law,
as· represented in the foregoing curriculum, an effort is made to provide adequate training in the practical use of legal knowledge and
discipline, as well as in certain important details of legal writing
and speaking, which help materially to equip the accomplished lawyer.
The various branches of work directed to this end are as follows :
1. Pleadings and Other lnstrnments-In the courses on Common
Law Pleading, Code Pleading, and Equity Pleading, in addition to
the systematic course of study, the student is given exercises in the
drafting of the various kinds of pleadings. In Corporations, the
class is formed, during the second term, into two corporations, which
organize, elect officers, issue stock, enlarge capital, keep books, consolidate, and do various other acts of corporate business which call
for the drafting of instruments and otherwise familiarize the student
with the modes of using the legal knowledge required. In the other
courses, particularly Commercial Paper, Carriers, Insurance, and the
like, particular attention is paid to the study of forms of instruments
in common use.
2. Conveyancing-In the course on conveyancing the chief material of the work consists in a series of selected abstracts of title,
some fifteen in all, representing the greatest variety of documents
and proceedings involving property rights. A separate copy of each
abstract is placed in the hands of every member of the class, and a
detailed study is made of the various matters of form and substance
from the conveyancer's point of view, and with regard to the laws
of the different States. Thorough work in this course ought to
equip the student as a practical conveyancer at the time of his entering upon his profession. No one may take this course who has not
already taken the courses Property I and IL
3. Practice Court-In the several courses of lectures on Procedure and Practice a systematic and detailed survey is taken of the
rules of law. In the Practice Court an opportunity is given to the

�12

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

third-year students to become practically familiar with these rules
by the personal application of them in litigation managed by th~
student himself. The Court's sessions are held weekly, on Thursday evenings, for two hours. During each session from one to three
cases are tried, with and without a jury; and other cases are disposed of in various aspects. In the meantime, between the sessions,
numbers of causes are being prepared and advanced from stage
to stage by the student-attorneys in charge. While the proceedings are dispatched, at the hearings, by the respective attorneys,
all other members of the class are required to attend and make
notes and report of the work being done, so that each one obtains
some benefit also from what is done in his presence by others. A
faithful observance of the work of this course ought to give the
graduate such an experience in using his legal knowledge as will
assist him materially to start in his profession with greater readiness
and practical facility. The systematic pursuit of such work under
an experienced instructor obtains for the student the same results
as a period of desultory service in a law office, and is more economical in time and more thorough and accurate in quality. A copy of
the printed Rules of the Practice Court will be mailed to any one
upon request.
4. Legal Tactics-For the past four years, on every Monday
evening until April, an address was given, by some well-known
member of the Bar, upon some topic of practice in which he had
had special experience, and in which the communication of personal
experience was of special value as a guide to' others. This course has
been of particular value to young practitioners already at the
Bar, and will be repeated in 1906-1907, with some variations.
5. Theses-It is the desire of the Faculty to encourage original
research by students. Any member of the third-year class may
therefore obtain credit to an amount not exceeding two term hours
by presenting a satisfactory thesis upon some legal topic approved
by a member of the Faculty before December 1st. The thesis must
be presented on or before May 15th of the year in which the student
expects to graduate; it must be printed on the typewriter or otherwise, and is to be kept permanently in the school. The work should
be begun not later than December.
6. Legal Forensics. The function of a lawyer, as the persuasive
adviser and leader of men, needs for its development some training
in oral argument and debate, use of the voice, conduct of meetings,
and the like. This instruction has been consolidated into a single
graded course continuing through the three years and is required for
graduation. Persons entering with advanced standing who have not
taken equivalent work elsewhere are subject to the remaining requirements, applicable to the class which they enter, except that a

�FORENSIC WRITING AND SPEAKING.

18

candidate for a degree in one year may be exempted from specified
parts of the work, or may be required to substitute the second year
for the third year work.
The course at large is entitled Forensic Writing and Speaking.
In the first year it is entitled, Forensics, Lectures and Exercises;
in the second year, Moot Court and Public Debate; in the third
year, Practical Legal Advice.
The credit for work done is as follows : First year, 1 term hour;
second year, 1 term hour; third year, 1 term hour.
The -first year work is as follows :
I. a. Parliamentary Practice; October or Noveinber; (1) Elementary Course, followed by examination; (2) advanced course, followed by examination or thesis; this to be open only to not more
than twenty students passing the best examination in the elementary
course, and not to be a required part of the wcrk
b. Voice Training; October or November; exercises in sections
of twelve or fifteen, once a week.
c. Legal Argumentation and Briefs; November to April, inclusive; once a week at 3 :45 P. M. ; not more than twenty lectures
on Argumentation, accompanied by individual exercises in Oral
Forensics and Brief-writing, subject to private correction and public
criticism by the instructor.
For work done in parts a (I), b, and c. combined, a credit of
one term hour is to be allowed.
The second year work is as follows :
II. a·. Moot Courts. In the second year a Moot Court is held
once a week from November 1 to May 1, at 1 :45 P. M. The second
year class is divided into two sections, A and B, each section to meet
on alternate weeks. The work consists of the preparation and delivery of arguments and opinions of law on statements of facts
assigned beforehand. All statements of facts are to be delivered to
the counsel in the case by October 1. Each professor presides at
three cases consecutively. The chief counsel, two on each side, hold
a conference with the Instructor in Forensics four weeks before the
day set for argument at an hour appointed on the Bulletin Board;
at this conference, each side presents (in separate consultation) an
outline of the proposed argument, in the form of brief propositions
without citation of authorities, and the Instructor makes such
criticism and revision as may seen desirable. One week beforehand
the counsel on each side posts on the official bulletin board a copy
of their final brief, with citation of authorities in type-writing, or
plain hand-writing on legal cap paper, and hands another copy to
the opposing side. On the day of argument, a Professor presides as
judge, with two members of the section as associate judges. Each
attorney assigned is allowed not more than ten minutes for argument

�14

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

in chief. All the other members of the same section attend, and each
member, not assigned as counsel or judge, makes an argument, not
to exceed five minutes, in at least every other case, i. e., at least
once every four weeks. The assigned counsel then have not more
than five minutes each for closing. The Instructor in Forensics then
makes such criticism as may appear necessary, and the presiding
judge then does the same, this closing stage to be allotted not more
than twenty minutes. An opinion is written by the associate judges
and filed at the Secretary's office not later than one week after the
date of argument. The mark of each member of the section is determined by his work as counsel, assigned and unassigned, and as
judge. No student shall be recommended for a degree ( except by
unanimous vote of the Faculty) who has not satisfactorily done the
work of this course; except that persons entering the third year
class from another School may by vote be excused from this work.
b. Public Debate. A student entering the preliminary contests
for the Towle Prizes for Public Speaking in April and being selected
for the second preliminary and taking part therein, may receive a
credit of one term hour. No student shall be eligible for this contest who has not taken the work of I, a, b and c, or the equivalent
111 another School.
The third year work is as follows:
Ill. a. Legal Advice Clubs. All third year students may enter
Legal Advice Clubs, formed by voluntary selection on or before
October 10, supplemented by assignments to vacancies by the Secretary of the School; each club to contain not less than four nor more
than six members, and to elect a Secretary. Difficult cases arising
in actual practice, sent in for advice for alumni or other practitioners, will be submitted to the Clubs in rotation as the cases come
in. On 24 hours' notice to the Secretary of the Club the Club is
to meet the Dean or a Professor specially in charge, at 3: 15 P. M.,
in his office, and to discuss the questions involved; a written opinion,
citing authorities, is to be handed the Professor specially in charge
within seven days or_such other time as may be agreed upon.
b. Bureau of Justice. After December 1 not more than ten students are to be assigned for practical office and trial work as assistants in the Chicago Bureau of Justice, University Branch, either
to the Settlements or Police Courts, as may appear most practicable.
The assignments to be made to those who beforehand file their names
with the Secretary of the School, in order of the time of filing and
rank of the student in scholarship, but no student having grade C
in more than one course to be eligible for assignment. The number of hours of work from each person to be determined by agreement with the Superintendent of the Bureau. (This work is not
yet organized for 1906-1907.}

�LEGAL HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, AND JURISPRUDENCE. 15
For work done in part a a credit of one term hour will be allowed
each member of a club; provided that club has furnished not less
than eight cases in the year.

PRESCRIBED COURSE OF READING IN LEGAL HISTORY,
BIOGRAPHY, AND JURISPRUDENCE,
BEGINNING WITH 1905-06.
Course A. (First Year). Introduction to Legal History and
the Study of the Law. Materials for prescribed reading:
(a) Blackstone's Commentaries (any edition): Introduction,
Sections 1-4; Book I, Chapters 1, 2, 5, 9; Book III, Chapters 3, 4, 5,
6, 7; Book I, Chapters 11, 12; Book III, Chapters 17-19, 20-24, 25,
26, 27; Book IV, Chapters 19-24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32; Book II, Chapters
4, 5; Book IV, Chapter 33.
·
(b) Woodruff's Introduction to the Study of Law.
(c) Wambaugh's Study of Cases.
Course B. (Second Year). History of the Bench and Bar.
Materials for prescribed reading:
(a) Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors (beginning with the
life of Lord Hardwicke), and (b) of the following biographies,
any one of the English and any two of the American works : Campbell's Lives of the Chief Justices (beginning with Lord Holt);
Arnould's Life of Lord Denman; Autobiography of Lord Campbell;
O'Brien's Life of Lord Russell; Life and Letters of Joseph Story;
Harvey's Reminiscences ( or Lodge's Life) of Daniel Webster;
Brown's Life (or Neilson's Memories) of Rufus Choate; Memoirs
and Letters of James Kent; Memoirs of S. S. Prentiss; Ca ton's
Bench and Bar of Illinois; Carson's History of the Federal Supreme
Court; Magruder's Life of John Marshall.
Course BB. (Second Year; Optional). History of the English
Legal System. Materials for reading: (a) Pollock and Maitland's
History of the English Law, Volume 1; and (b) any one of the following works: Pollock and Maitland's History, Volume 2; Holmes'
The Common Law; Stephen's History of the Criminal Law; Selected
Essays on Legal History (as contained in the list on file in the office
of the School).
Course C. (Third Year.) 1. Jurisprudence. Materials: any one
work under each of the following two divisions: (a) Analytical
Jurisprudence: Austin's Jurisprudence; Holland's Jurisprudence;
Terry's Principles of Anglo-American Law. (b) Historical Juris-

�16

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

prudence: Maine's Ancient Law; Fustel de Coulange's Ancient City;
Lee's Historical Jurisprudence.
or 2. International Law. Materials as prescribed in the regular
course of lectures, International Law 1.
or 3. Roman Laws. Materials: Any one of the following texts:
Gaius' Institutes, edited by Poste; Justinian's. Institutes, edited
and translated by Moyle; Selected Titles from Justinian's Pandects,
edited and translated by Kelly (this being the text used in Mr.
Kelly's course of lectures given in the school).
or 4. History of Germanic Law. Materials: Any one of the following works: Heusler's Institutionen des deutschen Rechts; Brunner's Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte; Brissaud's Manuel d' histoire du
droit francais.
Regulations for the foregoing work:
(1) For grad :1ation, a credit of not less than Grade C, averaged
for the whole three courses, must have been obtained in Course A,
Course B and Course C, 1 or 2 or 3 or 4.
(2) A credit of one term hour will be given on passing the examination in each one of the above courses of reading as well as
in the optional Course BB. A student may cumulate these credits,
by passing in Course BB or Course C, 2, 3, or 4, or all, in addition
to the required minimum of three courses prescribed under Rule 1,
above.
(3) An examination will be held at the beginning of the first
term of the year and at the end of the second term in all of the
courses, and, for Course A, also at the end of the first term, but
notice must be filed in the Secretary's Office at least two days before the announced date of examination by each student intending
to take it.
Students are urged to do the required reading during the summer vacation, and thus to avoid carrying the work in connection
with the regular curritulum.
A student failing at any examination may take the next regular
examination, if he has reviewed the work.
A student may take any of these examinations at any time after
entering the School, no matter to what class he belongs.
A student entering with advanced standing need not take
Course A.
(5) A student who, at a college or a Law School, has already
obtained credit for work equivalent to Course C, 1, 2, 3, or 4, will
be given credit for that Course as required in this School; but may
also obtain credit by doing the work of any remaining Courses not
elsewhere taken.
(6) No lectures are given in any of these Courses (except C,

�LEGAL COURSE FOR BANKERS.

17

2 and 4, the lecture courses of International Law and Roman Law) ;
the work is done by private study. But the courses are under the
supervision of the Dean who will give any desired advice on the
subjects of study.
(7) The credit in any of the Courses C will count as one of the
required ten term hours of the Third Year.
(8) Students are recommended to own the books named, if they
can afford to purchase them. But the School will provide a sufficient number of duplicate copies of the books named for the prescribed reading.
(9) The requirement of the above Courses for graduation applies to students entering the School after June r, r905, and to no
others.
LEGAL COURSE IN BANKING.
During the academic year 1906-7, the members of the Faculty of
Law School will conduct a course in law for members of the American Institute of Bank Clerks. This course will be known as a
Legal Course for Bankers, and will comprise such part of the following subj ects as relate particularly to bankers and banking: Contracts, Bills and Notes, Corporations, Trusts, Agency, Partnership,
Municipal Corporations, Suretyship, Bankruptcy.
Instruction in the course will be given by the present members
of the Faculty and membership will be open only to members of
the American Institute of Bank Clerks. The course is designed to
meet a demand in the larger banks throughout the country for men
having some knowledge of law ; in fact, in many of the banks the
passing of an examination in some of the above mentioned subjects, limited, of course, to their particular application to banks
and banking, is required as a preliminary for promotion. At present the Institute of Bank Clerks provides for instruction through
a correspondence course directed by instructors in two recognized
Eastern law schools; the course in this School is designed to offer
additionally to its members who may be able to attend personally
the advantage of residence-work over that of correspondence-study.

�VI.

TUITION FEES; SCHOLARSHIPS; PRIZES.

The tuition fee for regular students is one hundred and five
dollars a year, payable in three installments of thirty-five dollars
each, October 1st, January 10th, and March 31st. A rebate of five
dollars is allowed to students who pay the entire tuition in advance
on October 1st.
Special students are charged at the rate of five dollars for each
hour of class-room work for a half year. The fee for the course in
Patent Law is twenty-five dollars.
In addition to the tuition fee, in all cases, a matriculation fee of
five dollars is charged, payable once only, upon entering the School.
The fee for the course in General Review is ten dollars to members or graduates of this school; to all others the fee is fifteen
dollars.
NOTICE OF CHANGE IN FEES IN 1907.
Commencing with the academic year of 1907-08, the fee for
regular students will be ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIVE dollars a
year.
Special students will be charged at the rate of six dollars for
each hour of class-room work for a half year.
This change in the rate of tuition will not apply to students
registered prior to the beginning of the academic year of 1907.

Scholarships for Students.
Eight assistant librarians and monitors are appointed annually.
These receive one hundred dollars each in compensation for their
services. Applications for appointment should be addressed to the
Secretary of the Law School.

Prizes.
1. The Towle Prizes.-A first prize of $100, and a second prize
of $50, the gift of Henry Sargent Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law
School Committee of the Board of Trustees, will be awarded to the
students who shall, in public competition, be adjudged most proficient
in debate.
In 1905-1906 the Towle Prize of $100 was awarded to James Jackson Forstall, B. S., of Chicago, a member of the second-year class,
and the Towle Prize of $50 to Lawrence Alfred Cohen, of Chicago,
a member of the second-year class. The question debated concerned
the right of jury-trial for persons charged with the violation of an
injunction or restraining order.
18

�PRIZES.

19

2. The Follansbee Prize.-A prize of $50, the gift of Mitchell
Davis Follansbee, Esq., will be awarded to the writer of the best
thesis on some subject relating to Legal Ethics.
In 1905 the Follansbee Prize was awarded to Norris Burt Cline, of
Chicago.
3. The Hyde Prize.-This prize, the gift of Charles Cheney Hyde,
Esq., consists of the interest on a fund of $700, and is awarded not
oftener than once in two years to the writer of the best thesis on
some subject of International Law.
The Charles Cheney Hyde Prize was not awarded in 1905.
4. The MacChesney Prizes.-A first prize, to consist of a framed
etched or engraved portrait of one of the distinguished American or
English jurists named on page 15 (to be selected by the prize-winner), and a second prize, to consist of the complete works of one of
the distinguished American or English legal authors named on page
17 (to be selected by the prize-winner), offered by Nathan William
MacChesney, Esq., will be awarded to those of the second or third
year classes who shall submit before June 1 in each year the best
paper or essay on some topic connected with the subjects of Courses
B, BB, and C, in the Courses of Reading on Legal History, Legal
Biography, and Jurisprudence. The prizes will be awarded by a
committee consisting of the Dean of the School, the Editor-in-Chief
of the Illino is Law R eview, and one other person to be selected by
them; and the successful papers will be published in the Illinois Law
Review.
5. The Callaghan Prize.-A prize of $50 in books, to be selected from their own publications, the gift of Messrs, Callaghan
and Company, of Chicago, will be awarded annually to the member
of the graduating class having the best record in scholarship for the
entire course.
In 1905 the Callaghan Prize was awarded to Rex Mackenzie, A.
B., of Chicago.

�VIL

REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION
AND GRADUATION.
A. Admission. Persons applying for admission as regular students must answer the following requirements :
1. Age.-They must be not less than eighteen years of age.
2. Preliminary, Education.-A candidate for a degree must have
a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a
high school.
For proof of such education any one of the following instruments
will be accepted: A diploma from an accredited high school; a
certificate showing admission as a regular student to the college of
liberal arts of this university or to any college in good standing; or,
a certificate from the principal of a high school or a superintendent
of schools showing that the applicant has satisfactori.!J complet1;,d a
three years' English course, consisting ofvAlgebra, Geometry,
Ancient
1
History, Physiology, Rhetoric, PhyMcs, and Physical Geography,
each one year; Bookkeepin~ and Medireval and · Modern History,
with special reference to Engl'ish and Ameri'6n History, one year;
~nglish and Amyrcan Literature, one year; and English ~omposit1on, one year.
,vhere proof is offered in the last mentioned form, in case of
the omission by the applicant of any one or more of the studies
named, except English and American History and Literature, the
equivalent of such omitted study or studies, in any science, or in
any classical or modern language (Latin being especially recommended), will be accepted in lieu of such omitted study or studies.
Where the applicant has not pursued the studies for which the
certificate is issued in a school under the supervision of the principal
or superintendent issuing said certificate, proof must be made on a
required blank form, a copy of which may be had from the Secretary
of the Law School.

The requirements stated and form of proof are also the
academic requirements of the Supreme Court of Illinois of
all applicants for admission to the bar, but students are
urged to pursue at least a part of a regular college course
before entering the law school.
CHANGE IN ACADEMIC REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION.

Beginning with the academic year 1907-08 applicants for
admission to the Law School as regular students will be
20

�REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. 21

required to present proof of academic training equivalent to
that of a four-year high-school course.
Advanced Standing. The requirements in regard to advanced standing are explained under the title "Degrees."
Special Students. Persons not desiring to be candidates
for a degree may pursue one or more courses as special
students, provided they are qualified to pursue such courses
to advantage. They will receive a certificate of all work
done, and they may at any time enter as candidates for a
degree, provided they were substantially qualified under the
above requirements at the time of first entering the school.
No special student may take more than twenty-five termhours of work in one year without special permission from
the Dean.
B. Graduation and Degrees. All degrees are conferred
at the general University Commencement. On this occasion
all candidates for degrees are required to present themselves
in person, the Oxford cap and gown being worn as the
official dress.
I.
Bachelor of Laws.
The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred ·by the
Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School. Such students will be recommended as, in the judgment of the Faculty, are of fit character and have complied with the following requirements :

I. Length of Attendance-Regular attendance for three years is
required of all students, with the following exceptions:
1. Students who have studied law for one year, either in a college or a law school in good standing, may obtain a degree in two
years.
2. Students who have satisfacto..rily completed two years' study
in a law school in good standing may obtain a degree in one year.
3. Students who have satisfactorily completed one year's study
in a law school in good standing, and who have also studied law
for one year in a college or law school in good standing, may become candidates for a degree in one year by obtaining special permission from the Dean.

�22

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

All applications for advanced standing must be presented before
November 1st of the applicant's year of entrance.
Candidates for a degree must register for work amounting to
at least ten hours a week for each year.
II. Course of Study-All candidates for a degree must pass examinations in courses amounting to sixty-six term hours (the equivalent of courses of study of eleven hours a week for three years) ;
provided that in reckoning the total number of term-hours required
for graduation there must be included at least ten hours of credit
obtained in each term of the third year.
Persons who have satisfactorily completed a two-years' course of
study in a law school in good standing may be given credit for this
work and he excused from no more than one-half of the examinations above required.
Persons who have satisfactorily completed less than two years'
study of law in a college or law school in good standing, may be
given credit for this work and be excused fr om these examinations
to such extent as shall be determined in each case by the Dean.
The specific subjects in which such credit may be given will be determined by the Secretary at the time of admission.
Four grades are given for work done. The grades are as follows:
A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure. A student may not count a course in which he obtains grade C, unless he
obtains grade A in another course or courses of equivalent amount;
and except that he may count courses in which he obtains grade C
to the extent of one-sixth of the total work required to be done
by him in this School for graduation.
II.

Master's Degree.

The Master's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or
Letters will be conferred under the following conditions:
A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or of
some other in which the requirements for the Bachelor's degree in
Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters are equivalent to the requirements for the same degree at this University, may obtain the Master's degree at the same time with the degree of Bachelor of Laws
by pursuing, with the sanction of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, advanced work in subjects approved by that Faculty, and obtaining
credit in such work to the amount of twelve semester-hours; and
by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses of study
may, in part or entirely, deal with legal subjects; but courses of
legal study, in order to count for the degree, must be (a) of an
advanced nature; ( b) not otherwise counted for the degree of Bach-

�DEGREES.

23

elor of Laws; (c) pursued under the direction of a member of the
Faculty of the Law School. Students in law, intending to become
candidates for the Master's degree, must register for the same in the
College of Liberal Arts and in the Law School on or before the
first Monday in October of the year in which they expect to graduate,
and must pay the diploma fee of ten dollars. The Master's degree
is open upon the same terms to graduates of the Law School who
register before the October next following the completion of their
professional course.
The following subjects have been approved by the Faculty of
Liberal Arts, and work therein may be counted for the Master's
degree: Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative
Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History.

l

�VIII.

ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS.

1. Contributions to the Library by Hon. Elbert H.Ga,ry, '67.

During the past few years l\;Ir. Gary has made several
valuable gifts to the Law School Library, the last one noted
in the Bulletin being the Gary Collection of Continental
Jurisprudence, now known as the Gary Collection of Modern Continental Law. During the present year Mr. Gary
by further contributions has enabled the School to complete
the official reports of all the American States and Territories, add digests of the reports of the more important
States, and secure many of the more important American
treatises heretofore lacking. In English material he has made
it possible to complete the official reports, and to add a special
collection of English Historical matter, of a legal nature,
printed before 1700 and not already found in some Chicago
library.
In addition to these contributions Mr. Gary has established
the nucleus of two interesting and valuable collections that
will tend to add much to the usefulness and to the reputation
of the library. These collections may be described as
follows:
1. American International Law-This will include all printed
material relating to American International Law and Diplomacy not
already accessible to students of the law residing in Chicago.
2. Ancient and Oriental Law-This collection is to include (1)
for Europe, the printed sources of Germanic, Scandinavian and
Slavic Law up to the end of the Middle Ages; including the Lex
Salica and kindred laws and ordinances; the legal documents, records
of local customs, etc., so far as printed; (2) for Asia and Africa,
and Oceanica, the laws and customs of primitive or extinct tribes
and peoples, and the more developed systems, such as the Hindu
and Mohammedan. Geographically, therefore, this will cover
Afghanistan, Armenia, Caucasus, Persia, India, East Indies, China,
Japan, Siam, Mongolia and Siberia, African tribes, Oceanica, and
Australia. By systems, it will include the Hindu, Mohammedan,
Hebrew, Babylonian, Egyptian, Greek, Chinese, and Japanese sys24

�ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS.

25

terns. It will not include in the present plan the modern colonial
law of Germany, France, Great Britain, Spait), Nether lands, Denmank, Portugal, and Italy, so far as the legislation of those countries
has affected the indigenous law of their colonies; but it will include
the modern legislation of the above great systems in the independent
countries which still maintain them, i. e., Turkey, China, Japan, Siam,
and Persia. So far, however, only Turkey and Japan are thus represented in the collection. The nucleus of this department has been a
collection sold by M. Paul Genthner, of Paris, and formed from the
libraries of Professors Dermesteter, Gaston Paris, Jules Oppert,
Blonde!, and two others; it came recently into the market, and included many treatises in pamphlets and old editions, which are difficult
to procure on demand, but contained few of the large treatises which
may be procured on order without difficulty. It thus furnished the
best sort of a nucleus for such a library. A fuller description of it
is given in the Green Bag for March, 1906. The value of such a
collection, when fairly completed, to students of comparative law,
and to researchers in all branches of history and politics, it is hardly
necessary to point out.

2. Towle Prize Debate.
The annual debate for the Towle Prizes consisting
of one hundred dollars and fifty dollars each, was held in
Booth Hall, Friday evening, April 6th. The following
students were selected by the Committee in charge of the
preliminaries as best qualified for the final contest: Messrs.
William Capron, Jr., Lawrence A. Cohen, Milton P. Firestone, James J. Forstall, Andrew A. Martin, and Harry L.
Shaver, with Benjamin E. Cohan and Samuel R. Rabinoff as
alternates. The question: "Resolved, that a person charged
with contempt of court in violating an injunction or restraining order should have the right to a trial by jury," proved to
be of unusual public interest, as was evidenced by the large
attendance.
The first prize of one hundred dollars was awarded to
James Jackson Forstall, B. S., and the second prize of fifty
dollars to Lawrence A. Cohen.
Robert E. Pendarvis, Esq., presided, and Miss Jane Addams, Milton J. Foreman, Esq., and Luther Laflin Mills,
Esq., served as judges.

�26

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

3. Abel Davis,

'02,

Recorder for Cook County, Illinois.

Alumni will be interested in these days of charges of misconduct and incompetency against public officials to learn
that Mr. Davis, one of the recent graduates of the Law
School, is commended in an article in the Real Estate News
for March for the businesslike methods he has introduced
in the conduct of his office and for his freedom from political
influence. Some of the improvements noted are in the
lessening of time required for recording deeds from three
weeks to one week ; the making of his own entry sheets on
the typewriter from the original document instead of accepting those of abstract companies; the introduction of the
system of copying the records by typewriter, which will
ultimately wholly do away with the present longhand method
of copying, thereby greatly improving the records themselves
and reducing the number of persons employed at copying
from about 115 to 70. Mr. Davis is also making a complete
index from the time of the Chicago fire to all recorded
maps, plats, and subdivisions ; a complete index of divorces
granted in Cook County from the time of the Chicago fire,
and an improved system of judgment indexes from which
divorce decrees are eliminated-all of this without extra
expense to the County.
In the administration of his office Mr. Davis has practically eliminated political influence, employees are required
to be informed on land titles and the description of property.
Time sheets are kept and every employee is required to
sign his name and the hour for which he reports for work.
Office hours formerly from 8 :30 to 4 :30, are now from 8 to
5, with a half holiday as heretofore on Saturdays. Employees who are tardy are fined, and in case of illness full
pay is allowed and the Recorder kept informed of the condition and needs of the sick employee by a messenger from
the office.
Zeal and ability of this sort in a public officer is so refreshing that doubtless this account of the work of Mr. Davis

�ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS.

27

will be gratefully received by fellow alumni and by the bar
at large.
It may be added that Charles George Little, Esq., Associate Professor in this Faculty, has by Mr. Davis' appointment,
been Chief Examiner of Titles in the Title-Registration
Office for the past year, since the death of Mr. Sheldona merited tribute to Mr. Little's repute as a careful and
skillful conveyancer.

4.

Lectures on Legal History and Biography, by John
Maxey Zane, Esq., of the Chicago BM.

The first in a. series of six lectures on Legal History and
Biography, by Mr. Zane, was given in Hurd Hall on Friday
evening, February 23, and continued weekly thereafter on
Friday evenings. These lectures were open without charge to
alumni and members of the Chicago bar, and the attendance
and interest manifested throughout the course was a tribute
to the unusual learning of the lecturer and to his skill in
arranging the material contained in the addresses. The
School was exceptionally fortunate in securing Mr. Zane
for these lectures, and both the Bar and the School are obligated to him for his effort. Titles of the six lectures are
given below :
LECTURE I.

English lawyers during the Golden Age of the common law from
the Norman Conquest to the accession of Edward I in 1272, including
Glanville and Bracton.
LECTURE II.

English lawyers during the Silver Age of the common law from
the accession of Edward I to the death of Edward III in 1377, including the earlier Year Books.
LECTURE III.

English lawyers during the Bronze Age of the common Jaw from
the death of Edward III to the accession of Henry VII in 1485, including Fortesque and Littleton.

�28

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.
LECTURE IV,

English lawyers during the Iron Age of the common law from
Henry VII to the Revolution of 1688, including the rivalry of Bacon
and Coke.
LECTURE V.

Continuation of the above period, including Hale and Jeffreys.
LECTURE VI.

The Reformation of the common law under the English legal
reformers, and the gradual amalgamation of the common law and
the chancery system.
5.

ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL ALUMNI BANQUET,
1906.

The annual banquet of the alumni of the Law School will
be held Thursday evening, .June 14. One of the new
features of this banquet will be the presence of a lawyer
of national reputation as the guest of the Association. BE
SURE AND RESERVE THE DATE.

IX.

REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE
ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.

The Alumni Association has been engaged in forming local
Branches of the Association in every State and Territory
in which there are Alumni of the School, as well as in each
judicial district of Illinois outside of Cook County. A
Secretary has been appointed in nearly every one of these
jurisdictions-some fifty-four in all-and with the further
perfection of organization a Vice-President will also be
selected for each Branch. The object of the formation of
these Branches is to promote mutual acquaintance and helpfulness among those alumni who are locally associated in
practice. The list of officers selected up to the present date,
as furnished by Marion H. McKinney, Esq., General Secretary of the Association ( 100 Washington St., Chicago), is
as follows:

�OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.

Vice-President

Secretary.

Alabama

William H. H. Judson, '65,

Arizona

Frederick S. Nave, '97, Henry B. Wilkinson, '99,

Bessemer.
Tucson.

Phoenix.

California
(Northern)

Theodore W. Hubbard, '96,

California
(Southern)

George P. Adams, '87,

Colorado

A. Lee Doud,

Parrott Bldg.,
San Francisco.

Bullard Block,
Los Angeles.

715 Ernest &amp; Cramner Bldg..
Denver.

Georgia

Ebenezer Wakely, '71,

Idaho

Albert J. Green, '87,

Val Dosta.

Moscow.

James E. Babb, '84,
Lewiston.

Indiana

Thaddeus M. Talcott, Jr., '96,

Indian Ter.

Harry Campbell,

Iowa

Robt. L. Welch, '03,

Kansas

Theodore H. Morrison, '95,

Kentucky

J . Clyde Nelson, '88,

Michigan

Henry F. Metzger, '97,

South Bend.

Sapulpa, 1. T.

Knoxville.

1604 Fairmont Ave.,

Wichita.

Sharpsburg.

Sault Ste. Marie.

Minnesota Hon. Homer B. Dibell, '90A. B. Choate, '83,
Duluth.

410 Temple Court,

Minneapolis.

Missouri

Jacob A. Harzfeld, '97,

Montana

Richard A. Harlow, '85,

Nebraska

525 New York Life Bldg.,
Kansas City.

Helena.

Hon. William J. Bryan,'84Alonzo P. Tarbox, '91,
Lincoln.

Bennett.

New Eng. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott,'83William F. Poole, Jr., '93,
Wolfborough

New Jersey

29

185 Franklin St.,

Boston.

Oliver L. Brown, '94,
26 Telephone Bldg.,
Newark.

�80

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

Secretary.

Vice-President
New Mexico John H. Stingle,
Albuquerque.

New York

Andrew M. Adams, '97,
Albuquerque.

Hon. E. H . Gary, '67, William F. Myers, '93,
New York City.

Amsterdam.

N. Carolina

James L. Curtis, '93,

N. Dakota

Edward R. Sinkler, '%,

Ohio

Joseph D. Kerr, '84,

Oklahoma

Raleigh.

Grafton.

Hicksville.

George G. Barnes, '05,
Oklahoma City.

Oregon

Charles H. Glos, '94,

Pennsylvania

Forest G. Moorhead, '01,

S. Dakota

John F. Whitlock, '82,

Texas

Edward W. Hander, '94,

Utah

Robert N. Freeman, '79,

Virginia

Clare E. Crawford, '97,

Washington

Howard N. Waterman, '00,

Wisconsin

John K. Fish, '94

Wyoming

Charles F. Mallin, '94,

Dist. of Col.

Phillip E. Winter, '83,

Hawaii

Carl S. Smith, '96,

Japan

Abo Shiosuke, '93,

Mexico
Switzerland

218 Chamber of Commerce,
Portland.
Beaver.

Forest City.

W11co.

Salt Lake City.

Elmont.

Boston Block,
Seattle.

Old Insurance Bldg.,
Milwaukee.

Cheyenne.

814 "A," South East,
Washington.
Hilo.

Tokyo.

Hon. Wm. A. McLaren,

1 A Independencia 36,
Mexico City, Mex.

Joseph S. Kennard,

Lausanne, Switzerland.

�OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION.

31

BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS.
JUS,

7.

Secretary.
Aaron J. Gould,
Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock,
'82,
Charles H . Holt, '92,
Frank C. Van Sellar, '97,
Thomas N. Cofer, '96,
John A. Barber, '97,

8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

John D. Gray, '94,
Conrad G. Gumbart, '95,
Frank S. Fulton, '97,
William L. McMahan, '92,
Charles B. Campbell, '97,
Wellington H. Shay, '94,
William J . Sweeney, 95,
Solon W. Crowell, 96,
William M. Mercer, '01,
John E. Goembel, '91,

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Address.
Bone Gap.
Edwardsville.
Salem.
Paris.
Charleston.
Farmers' Nat'l Bank Bldg.,
Springfield.
Havana.
Macomb.
419 Observatory Bldg., Peoria.
Lincoln.
27 Arcade Bldg., Kankakee.
Streator.
Rock Island.
Oregon.
337 Coulter Blk., Aurora.
502 E. State St., Rockford.

�X.

LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING
THE YEAR 1905-1906.

Adams, Cyrus H., Jr.,

THIRD YEAR.

A. B. Princeton University.

Chicago.

Anderson, George Fridolf,
V'Asher, vValter Simpson,

Chicago.
Winnetka.

t---'Atherton, Leslie Campbell,
Becker, John Richard,
Bell, Benj. S.,
~ Brink, Hal L.,
Brothers, William Vincent,
Browne, John Maxwell,
~ Bugee, John Arthur,
Burns, William Cullen,
Candee, Robert,

Goose Island.
Sycamore.
Cable.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Saratoga Springs, N. Y.
Chicago.
Oswego·, Kans.
Evanston.

A. B. Northwestern University.

A. B. Princeton University.

Capron, William Jr.,

Marion.

Cohan, Benjamin Edwai:d,
Co11ins, Kenneth Prentice,
Colton, Chauncey Corey,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Danvers, Mass.

Cutting, Robert Myron,

Chicago.

Davis, Warren Marcus,

Oakland, Cal.

Dickinson, Frances Reynolds,

Chicago.

University of Illinois.

B. S. Dartmouth College.

A. B. University of Michigan.

·

University of California.

A. B. Harvard University.

v·'Eastman, Charles John,
Eddy, Morton Hoit,

Winnetka.
Chicago.

A. B. Williams College.

Engstrom1 _ Ebenezer Washington,

Evanston.

· A. B. .Northwestern University.

Chicago.
Sugar Grove.
Plymouth.

Finerty, John F., Jr.,
vFinley, George Alvin,
Garnett, Elmer Logan,

A. B. University of Illinois.

Goldstine, Isaac Oscar,
Haight, William Harrison,

Chicago .
Cambridge, Wis.

Hinckley, Francis Edward,

Chicago.

B. L. University of Wisconsin.

A. B. Cornell University.

Hunt, Anthony,

Winnetka.

Johnston, William Walter,

Chicago.

B. A. Harvard University.

32

�NAMES OF STUDENTS.
Kolb, Theodore Augustus,

Niles.

Krause, Hu~o Foster,

Chicago.

VLibonati, Michael Ernest,
Lucius, Albert Edward,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Concordia College.

Ph. B. Mi1waukee State Normal School.

A. B. University of Michigan.

Martin, Andrew Aloysius,
Mies, Frank Peter,

Chicago.
Saunemin.

Milchrist, Frank Thomas,
Moore, Willis Samuel,
McCord, Downer,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.

McKinney, Fred Landin,

Piqua, Ohio.

McNeili. Robert Lincoln,

Decatur.

Nordhold, Robert J.,
Peacock, Ernest,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Pirosh, George B.,
Pitte, Hugo Lewis,
Rich Ernest Paul

Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.

B. S. Northwestern University.

A. B. Yale University.

B. S. Northwestern University.

A.

H.

Illinois College.

B. A. Wheaton College.

Newton Normal College.

-f" Ridgely, Claude V.,
Romans, Harold Alben,
Romans, John Brown,
Rundall Charles Owen,

Northwestern University.

Olney.
Denison, Iowa.
Denison, Iowa.
Chit;ago.

Secord, Frederick,
Smietanka, Alexander Michael,
Steinbrecher, Paul,
Straus, Ira E.,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago .

Taylor, David W.,
Thomason, Samuel Emory,

Chicago.
Chicago.

University of Chicago.

, /..

A. B. University of Michigan.

V Vlachos Andrew John

Chicago.

Von Ammon, Ernest Carl,
Warner, George Raymond,
v Wengierski, Julius Francis,
• Whitfield, Garland Quinche,

Chicago.
Somonauk.
Chicaro.
Jackson, Miss.

LL.

B.

University of Greece.

Ph~B. University of Chicago.

Winnen, Victor Charles,
Wilcox, Jesse Franklin,
Winston, Garrard Bi~elow,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.

Yates, Robert Mortimer,

Ramsey.

A. B. Yale University.

88

�BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.

84

SECOND YEAR.
Adams, Francis, Jr.,

Chicago.

Allely, George Joseph,
Allen, Harry Irwin,

Chicago.
Huntington, Ind.

Ballard1 Howard Thompson,

Hamp den, Mass.

Barry, Arthur Joseph,
Bennett, Robert F.,

Chicago.
Marion.

Beveridge, Glen LeRoy,
Bieszki, Henry Albert,
Blu, Elmer Francis,

Litchfield.
Chicago.
Milford.

Bogheas, Demetrius,

Chicago.

Brown, Earle Wesley,
Callahan, James Edwin,
Carmody, Michael Lawrence,
Cohen, Lawrence Alfred,
Crossman, George William,
Davenport Kenneth Howard,

Genoa.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Edwardsville.
Creston, Iowa.

Dodson, Harry Lea,
Dvorak, Henry,
Forstall, James Jackson,

Chicago.
Chica.go.
Chicago.

Fox, George Arthur,

Woodland, Mich.

Frake, Allen,

Chicago.

A. B. Amherst College.

B. S. Northwestern University.
B.

A.

Amherst College.

B. S. Valparaiso College.

B. S. Northwestern University.

University of Greece.

A. B. Northwestern University.

B. S. Princeton University.

B. A. University of Michigan.

·

A. B. University of Chicago.

Frantz, Ezra Jacob,
Fuller, Earl Delos,
Gillson Charles Burton,

Cerro Gordo.
Joliet.
Wilmette.

Grandberg, Oscar Emil,
Gregory, Frederick LaRue,

Chicago.
Jacksonville.

Griffin, John Joseph,
Grow, Oscar,
Hansen, Edwin Carsten,
Hausser, Arthur H. W.,

Chicago.
Osage, Iowa.
Chicago.
Chicago.

Henn, WiJJiam Eugene,
Hill, Roy Wilson, •

Chicago.
Chicago.

Houghteling, James Lawrence, Jr.,

Winnetka.

Howison, Hugh Alexander,

Chicago.

S.

B.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

B. S. Illinois College.

Northwestern University.

B. S. Rose Polytechnic Institute.
B. A. Yale University.

Armour Institute.

�NAMES OF STUDENTS.
Huszagh, Harold,

Chicago.

Jarrell, James Thomas, Jr.,

Felton, Dela.

Kaufman, Saling I.,
Krusemark, Albert,
Lilienstein, Arthur Webster,
Lindskog, Thomas,
Marshall, Robert Ferguson,
Morgan, George Gurnea,

Chicago.
Frankfort.
Petersburg.
Chicago.
Harvard.
Wheaton.

Morrissey, Michael Patrick,
Murphy, John Cushing,
Myers, Earl Lucian,
Mccaughan, Philip N.,
McNeil.,_ Oswell Laurie,

Winterset, Iowa.
Chicago.
Sugar Grove.
Chicago.
Decatur.

Nash, Albert Henry,

Elizabeth.

Nichols, George Richmond, Jr.,

Bozeman, Mont.

Rathje, Frank Carl,
Rawson, William Dixon,
Rich, Stanley,

Chicago.
Chicago .
Chicago.

Richter, Edward Lewis,
Rueber, Charles Arthur,
Shaver, Harry Lloyd,
Smith, Frank 0 .,

Chicago.
Oronoco, Minn.
Chicago.
Ransom.

Smoot, Harry Edward

Petersburg.

Starke, Charles Henry,
Stevens, Ernest James,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Stevens, George Marsden,

Chicago.

Strauss, Samuel Arthur,
Sunderbruch, Jens Frederick,

Chicago.
Davenport, Iowa.

Swanson, Charles Edward,

Clearfield, Iowa.

Tanigoshi, Katsutaro,

Wakayama, Japan.

Townsend, Barry Eyre,

Chicago.

Van Ryper, J.:mes Reynolds,
Welles, Harry Norton,
Willson, Royal Andrew,
Winterbottom, Joseph Erastus,

New Carlisle, Ind.
Elmwood.
Evanston.
Jacksonville.

Woodbury, Homer Whallon,

Oak Park.

Lewis Institute.

A. B. Dickinson College.

B. S. Wheaton College.

B. ::,. Illinois College.

Northwestern University.

Leland Stanford, Jr., University.

B. S. Hobart College.

B. S. Northwestern University.

A. B. Northwestern University.

Ph. B. University of Chicago.

B. S. Northwestern University.

Cornell University.

A. B. Knox College.

University of Wisconsin.

Princeton University.

A. B. Illinois College.

85

�36

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.
FIRST YEAR.

Arthur, William Reed,

Topeka, Kans.

Barnes, Cecil,

Chicago.

Bauer, Lester Louis,
Brown, Edward Eagle,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Browne, John Maxwell,
Butler, LeRoy Dawson,
Butz, Robert Otto,
Carlson, Tulius Goodwin,

Chicago.
Madison, Wis.
Winnetka.
M errill, Wis.

Carroll, John Charles, Jr.,
Clapp, Gardie,
Cumnock, Claude Buchanan,

Chicago.
Mazon.
Evanston.

Dean, William Dwight,

E vanston.

DeLaney, Clarence Martin,
Didier, Gustave Philip,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Dunham, H . Munroe,
Farrell, Harry Michael,
Fehrman, Henry J.,
Felgar, Harry Hardy,
Firestone, Milton P .,

Grand Rapids, Mich.
Creston, Iowa.
Evanston.
Bowen.
St. Paul, Minn.

Fowler, Glesner,
Frederick, Wilson David,
Freundlich, Alexander,
Gardner, Harry Newton,
Greenberg, Samuel,
Harris, Amos Leroy,
Hoover, Loring R.,
Jarecki, Edmund Kasper,
Johnson, Clyde Philip,
Johnson, James Richard,
Jordan, Carl Francis,
Jordan, Frank,
Kandlik, George,
Karr, Richard Freeman,
Katz, Sidney Morris,
Kendall, Rufus,
Knight, Homer Stone,
Lindsay, Alexander Pitcairn,

Clinton, Mo.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Falls City, Nebr.
West Pullman.
Casey.
Elkhart, Ind.
Chicago.
Plymouth.
Chicago.
Burlington, Iowa.
Cortland, Ill.
Chicago.
Sheldon.
Chicago.
Watsek .;.
Chicago.
Pittsburg, Pa.

B. A. Washburn College.

A. M. Harvard University.
A. B. Harvard University.

B. S. Northwestern University.

Northwestern University.

A. B. Yale University.

St. Gregory's College.

University of Minnesota.

A. B. College of the Academy of the New Church.

�NAMES OF STUDENTS.
Love, Stephen Wentzel,

Chicago.

Lowe, Sylvester Tucker,
Long, William Henry,
Llabres, Louis,
Martin, Isaac Crouse,
Mewhirter, David Oifford,
Mount, Earl Burner,
Morris, Eugene Percivall,
Morawski, Sigismond Albert,

1, ard, Idaho.
Marshalltown, Iowa.
Arroyo, Puerto Rico.
Himtingdon, Pa.
Yorkville, Ill.
Des Moines, Iowa.
Watseka.
Chicago.

McCarthylo Justin Francis,

Chicago.

McKenna, John Edward,
O'Donnell Joseph Dugan,

Chicago .
Chicago.

Oleson, George Arthur,

Chicago.

Olson, Olaf Adolph,
Oughton, John Richard, Jr.,
Philp, Leonard Haecker,
Ransom, Albert Richardson,
Reubens, Harry Jr.,
Rickcords1 • Francis Stanley,

Chicago.
Dwight.
Polo .
Newton.
Glencoe.
Chicago.

Rabinoff, Samuel Randolph,
Rothwell, Henry Phillip,
Schade!,_ Robert Lyman,

Chicago.
Chicago .
Warren.

Schmaus, Edward Thomas,
Simmons, Forrest Dale,
Slosson, Frank Steele,
Snapp, Dorrance Dibell,
Spengler, Walter J.,
Stafford, James Henry,
Staub, Casper, Jr.,
Steinbrecher, George,
Stylinski, Stanislaw,
Taylor, Orville James, Jr.,
Tyrrelli.. Joseoh Thomas,

Ohio.
Kalamazoo, Mich.
Chicago.
Joliet.
Chicago.
Chicago .
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Sioux City, Iowa.
Evanston.

Vail, Karl V.,
Verde, Vicenzo,
Whipple, Merrick Ames,
Wieboldt, Werner Augustus,
Zelensky, Mitchell Abraham,

Chicago .
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.

LL. B. Imperial Austrian Cracov University.

Imperial Vienna University.

A. B. :,t. Ignatius College.

A. B. St. Ignatius College.
Lewis Institute.

A. B. Yale University.

A.

Ji.

Beloit College.

A.

Ji.

St. Ignatius.

37

�88

BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.
SPECIAL.

Barry, David Henry,
Bates, Jeanette,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Barstow, Alfred

Evanston.

Boyd, Gordon,
Burns, James Francis,
Chandler, H. A. Ernest,

Chicago.
Chica,f!O.
Victory; Wis.

Colwell, Clyde C.,

Chicago.

Cooper, Bernhard S.,
Dewey, Charles Sehweldt,

Chicago.
Chicago.

Fisher, Hart Ellis,
F linn, Edward Bernard,
Garnett, Cyrus Logan,

Joliet.
Sioux City, Iowa.
Chicago.

Hall, John Calvin,

Chicago.

Harlev, Arthur George,
Hyman, Robert William,
Jenkins, Bert Jay,
Johns, George Andrew,
King, John Crane, Jr.,
Kryda, John Fennymore,
Lackey, Henry W.,
Lyon, Edward R.,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Big Rapids, Mich.
Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.

Mane!, Frank John,

Chicago.

McCabe, James,
Navigato, William,
Raymond, Edward Franklin,

St. Paul, Minn.
Chicago.
Chicago.

Reed, Nelson Franklin,

Monmouth.

Scheiner, Frank Henry,

Chicago.

Stockton, C W.,
Vosburgh, Frank R,
Wooster, Lizzie E.,
Ward, Charles Ambrose,

Chicago.
Chicago.
Chicago.
St. Joseph, Mich.

Waltmire, George,

Deshler, Ohio.

Coman, Warren Eugene,

Chicago.

Jacobsen, Henry,

Chicago.

Ph. B. University of Chicago.

A. B. Leland Standford, Jr., University.

B. S. Northwestern University.

LL. B. University of Chicago.

A. B. Yale University.

University of Chicago.

A. B. University of Illinois.

Northwestern University.

LL. B. Illinois College of Law.

A. B. Yale University.

Northwestern University.

Ph. B.; LL. B. Northwestern University.

LL. B. Northwestern University.
LL. B. Northwestern University.

LL. B. Northwestern University.

�COLLEGE MATRICULATES.
Amherst College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Armour Institute .... ..... ... ... . ·.............................
Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
College of the Academy of the New Church.... ... ..... . .. . ....
Concordia College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cornell University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dartmouth College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dickinson College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harvard University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hobart College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Imperial Vienna University ...................... ·. .... .... ... .
Illinois College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lewis Institute .. .... .... . ...... .. .... ... . .. . ..... ·. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leland Stanford, Jr., University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mass. Institute of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Milwaukee State Normal School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Newton N onnal College ..................................... .
Northwestern University ........ .. .... . ....... .. .. ... ....... .
Princeton University ......................................... .
Rose Polytechnic Institute ................................... .
St. Gregory's College . ........ ..... . ... .. ... -.. .... . . .. ... ... . .
St. Ignatius College ... . .... . ...................... .. . .. ..... .
University of California ...................................... .
University of Chicago ........ . . . . .... . .. ... ....... .. . ....... . .
University of Greece . .... .. .... . ... .... ..... ..... . . ...... .. .. .
University of Illinois . .. .. ..... ...... . .. .. ............ . ...... .
University of Michigan ...... .... .... ... ...... .. . .. ........ .. .
University of Minnesota ..................................... .
University of Wisconsin ...................................... .
Valparaiso College ... ............... .. .. .. . ... ... .. .. ..... .. .
Wil'liams College ............................................ .
Washburn College ........................................... .
Wheaton College .. .. ... . . .... ... .. . .. .... .. . ......... ...... . .
Yale University .. .... . . . ...... ......... .. ...... ...... ....... .

2
1
1
1
1
2

1
1
4
1

1
4
1
2
2
1
1
1

23

4
1

1
2
1
6
2
3
4

1

2

1

1
1
2

7

Total number of college matriculates ....................... 90
Total number of colleges represented . . ... .. .. . ... .. ..... ... 36
RECAPITULATION.
Third year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Second year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
First year students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Special students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Total

39

244

�XI.

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN
ASSOCIATION.

The Young Men's Christian Association of Chicago has
established a branch which carries on work in the three
Schools in the University Building. In addition to its
religious work, the Association is of service to the student!!
in many ways. In the pleasant rooms, placed at its disposal
by the University, the Association maintains a very popular
social center with a well selected list of reading material,
several games and a piano. Throughout the year the list of
rooms and boarding places is kept for the use of students in
settling in the city.
All students are invited to make the Association rooms
their headquarters during the year. As far as possible new
students will be met at the train by an Association man
wearing a badge. Those desiring to be so met will please
write a few days in advance to Y. M. C. A., Northwestern
University Building; Chicago, indicating clearly on what
train they are to reach Chicago, and over what road they
are to come.

40

�NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY.
EVANSTON-CHICAGO.
DIRECTORY.
The special announcements of the several departments of the
University may be had on applications addressed as follows: ·
COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, The Registrar, University Hall, Evanston, Ill.
MEDICAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago.
LAW SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago.
SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, The Dean, Northwestern University Bldg.,
Chicago.
DENTAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg.,
Chicago.
SCHOOL OF Music, The Secretary, Music Hall, Evanston, Ill .
For information concerning the non-degree conferring departments, address
Tmj: ACADEMY, Evanston, Ill.,
PROF. ARTHUR H . WILDE, PH. D., Acting Principal.
GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, Onarga, Ill.,
REV. FRANK G. BARNES, D. D ., President.
ELGIN ACADEMY, Elgin, Ill.,
MR. GEORGE E. SLEIGHT, A. B., Principal.
For information concerning the Theological Schools, address
as follows:
GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE,
REV. CHARLES J. LITTLE, LL. D., President.
NORWEGIAN-DANISH SEMINARY,
REV. NELS E . SIMONSEN, D . D., Principal.
SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL,
REV. ALBERT ERICSON, D . D., President.
For information concerning the School of Oratory, address
PROF. ROBERT L. CuMNOCK, L. H. D., Director,
Evanston, Ill.
The Interstate School of Correspondence is located in the Studebaker Building, 378-388 Wabash Avenue, Chicago.

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Fill out and mail now.

ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW.
87

EAST LA K E ST., CHICAGO, ILL.
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Please enter my subscription for one year to the ILLINOIS LAW
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                <text>THE LAw SCHOOL    Chicago Founded QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No.   SERIES V MAY JULY Announcement   Illinois Law Review   Merger Quarterly Bulletin Calendar   Session Revised List   Faculty Location   Equipment     School Revised List   Courses Tuition Fees  Scholarships  Prizes Requirements   Admission   Graduation Alumni News Items Contributions         Hon. Elbert H. Gary Towle Prize Debate Abel Davis John Maxey Zane  Esq.  Lectures   Legal History   Biography Announcement   Annual Alumni Banquet Revised List   Alumni Secretaries List   Students Young Men  Christian Association MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Copyright         Northwestern University. Entered     Post     Chicago  Ill. ILLINOIS LAW REVIEW ANNOUNCEMENT With                Quarterly       Law School Bulletin  Illinois Law Review.   Law Review   Illinois Illinois                   Illinois Northwestern University Law Publishing Association                 Review.   Review     Articles State.     Articles State.     Articles               Reviews           State      Reports       State     Addresses           Legal Tactics Northwestern University Law School.     Critical           Federal Illinois                      States.     Digests Appellate Courts   Illinois Illinois.     Reviews           Announcements   Northwestern University Law School                    Subscriptions           Illinois Law Review     East Lake    Chicago. No                     Review  Illinois.  School.     School   CALENDER OF SESSION MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS III. REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY ABRAM WINEGARDNER HARRIS President Elect     University THOMAS FRANKLIN HOLGATE Acting President     University JOHN HENRY WIGMORE Professor   Law   Dean     Farnlty CHARLES CHENEY HYDE Associate Professor   Law ALBERT MARTIN KALES Associate Professor   Law SAMUEL ADAMS Professor     Law   Procedure   Practice JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE Professor     Law   Crimes   Criminal Procedure CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE Associate Professor   Law HENRY SCHOFIELD Professor   Law LOUIS MAY GREELY Professor     Law   Conveyancing  Mortgages  Carriers Commercial Paper LEVI HARPER FULLER Professor     Law   Procedure   Practice FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD  Professor   Law. •Arranged          President   Dean REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM Professor     Law   Patents. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE Professor     Law   Procedure   Practice. Lecturer Legal Ethics. CHARLES BYRD ELDER Instructor     Law   Extraordinary Legal Remedies Judgments. HENRY CLAY HALL EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM Lecturer   Voice Training   Forensics. HENRY LEE PRESCOTT Lecturer   Forensics. JOSEPH THOMAS ROBERT Lecturer   Parliamentary Law. CHARLES ERNEST PICKARD Lecturer   Trade Mark   Copyright. CHARLES YOE FREEMAN Lecturer   Corporation Practice. HERBERT JACOB FRIEDMAN Lecturer   Liens. DWIGHT ST. JOHN BOBB Lecturer   Public Service Corporations. JOSEPH IGNATIUS KELLY Lecturer   Roman Law ALFRED WILLIAM BAYS Lecturer   General Practice FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY Secretary     Law School       Faculty. IV. LOCATION AND EQUIPMENT. Law School       Northwestern University Building          Lake   Dearborn Streets Chicago.   Chicago                 County State    Federal Courts    American States   Territories Reporter System English Reports       Revised Reports     English Reprint Library     Gary Collections English Legal Historical Material  Ancient   Oriental Law  American International Law    Modern Continental Law United States.  ! V. REVISED LIST OF COURSES FOR       FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM. Introduction     Study   Law Private Course   Prescribed Reading         Written Contracts Three      Keener  Cases   Contracts. Professor   OODW ARD. Torts Two      Ames   Smith  Cases   Torts. Professor WIGMORE. Property     Two      Gray  Cases   Property Vols.    II. Personal  Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading   Procedure Three      Ames Cases   Pleading  Andrew  Stephen   Pleading Professor ADAMS. SECOND TERM. Contracts     Three      Professor WOODWARD. Torts     Three      Professor W GMORE. Property         Two      Professor KALES. Crimes   Criminal Procedure Two      Beale Cases   Criminal Law. Professor LEE. Master   Servant   Tort One      Wambaugh Cases   Agency. Professor W GMORE. Damages One      Beale  Cases   Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM Evidence Two      Wigmore  Cases   Evidence. Professor WIGMORE. Trusts Three      Ames Cases   Trusts. Professor   O DW ARD. Agency Two      Wambaugh  Cases   Agency. Professor LITTLE. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Commercial Paper Three      Ames Cases   Bills Notes. Professor GREELEY. Equity Jurisdiction Three      Ames Cases   Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property  II  Two      Gray  Cases   Property Vols. III  IV.  Acquisition  Professor KALES. Professor KALES Evidence     Two      SECOND TERM.  Professor WIGMORE. Property  II      Two      Professor KALES. Equity      Three      Ames Cases   Equity Jurisdiction. Professor ScHOFIELD. Quasi Contracts Three      Woodruff  Cases Quasi Contracts. Professor WOODWARD.  Given                    Sales   Personality Three      Williston  Cases Sales. Professor WOODWARD.  Given                      Insurance  Fire   Life  Two      Wambaugh Cases   Insurance. Mr. HALL. Pleading             Thompsonts Cases   Equity Pleading  an      Professor ADAMS. Public Service Corporations  Railroad  Telegraph  Gas  Water Warehouse      Services  One      Beale Wyman  Cases   Public Service Corporations. Mr.BOBB. Liens One      Selected  Mr. FRIEDMAN. THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations Two      Smith  Cases   Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure   Practice   Illinois Two      Professor FOLLANSBEE. International Law   Two      Scott  Cases International Law. Professor HYDE. REVISED LIST OF COURSES.        International Law  Il  American Treaties   Diplomacy     Y      Two      Professor HYDE. Suretyship Two      Ames Cases   Suretyship. Professor LITTLE. Judgments   Auxiliary Legal Remedies  Attachments  Garnishment Execution    One      Rood  Cases   Attachments Judgments. Mr. ELDER. Constitutional Law Three      Thayer  Cases   Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property  Ill  Two      Gray  Cases   Property Vols. V  VI. Conditional   Professor KALES. Conveyancing One      Drafting Professor GREELEY. Conflict   Laws Three      Beale  Cases   Conflict Laws. Professor HYDE. Code Pleading   Procedure One      Cases   Code Pleading. Professor WoODWARD. Roman Law One      Kelly  Select Titles Justinian  Pandects. Mr. KELLY. Practice Court Two               Causes   Professor FULLER. *Patents   Invention     General Survey. Five  Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II   III      Patent Soliciting. Twenty             Patent Law   Practice. Forty  SECOND TERM. Corporations     Two      Professor LITTLE. Corporation Practice One      Practical Exercises Mr. FREEMAN. *These   BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Bankruptcy Two      Williston  Cases   Bankruptcy. Professor WOODWARD. Constitutional Law     Two      Professor SCHOFIELD. Carriers  Three      McClain  Cases   Carriers Beale  Cases   Carriers. Professor GREELEY. Conveyancing     One      Professor GREELEY. Mortgages Two      Kirchwey  Cases   Mortgages. Professor GREELEY. Public Officers One      Professor SCHOFIELD.  Given                    Practice Court     Two Professor FULLER. Property  III      Two      Professor KALES. Municipal Corporations One      Smith  Cases Municipal Corporations. Professor SCHOFIELD. Partnership Two      Ames Cases   Partnership. Professor LITTLE. Extraordinary Legal Remedies  Mandamus  Quo Warranto Habeas Corpus    One      Roberts Cases   Extraordinary Legal Remedies. Mr. ELDER. Jurisdiction   Federal Courts One      Professor SCHOFIELD.         Constitutional Law   Patents   Invention   Conveyancing   Property III Property     IL  COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR DEGREE. Trade Marks   Copyrights Six  Mr. PICKARD. General Review Five State Bar. Mr. BAYS. Legal Ethics Five  Professor FOLLANSBEE. LEGAL WRITING  SPEAKING  AND PRACTICE. SCHEDULE OF HOURS.              Practice Court SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW.  ·    Pleadings               Common Law Pleading  Code Pleading    Equity Pleading    Corporations     Commercial Paper  Carriers  Insurance  Conveyancing      States. Thorough  Property     IL Practice Court               Procedure Practice     Practice Court BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL.     Court During   While         Rules     Practice Court Legal Tactics  Bar     Bar                            Theses             Faculty Any   Faculty         Legal Forensics.    Persons   FORENSIC WRITING AND SPEAKING.   Forensic Writing   Speaking. Forensics  Lectures   Exercises Moot Court   Public Debate Practical Legal Advice. First   Parliamentary Practice      Noveinber      Elementary Course                Voice Training Legal Argumentation   Briefs P. M. Argumentation            Oral Forensics   Brief             II.  ·. Moot Courts.           Moot Court P. M. B  All Each Instructor   Forensics Bulletin Board          Instructor One    On            Professor Each  BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. All     Instructor   Forensics   An Secretary  Faculty   School                Public Debate. Towle Prizes   Public Speaking   School.  Ill.  Legal Advice Clubs. All Legal Advice Clubs Secretary School Secretary. Difficult  Clubs On            Secretary     Club   Club Dean     Professor                P. M.  Professor or                 Bureau   Justice.  Chicago Bureau   Justice  University Branch Settlements   Police Courts            Secretary     School C  Superintendent     Bureau.   .} LEGAL HISTORY  BIOGRAPHY  AND JURISPRUDENCE.   PRESCRIBED COURSE OF READING IN LEGAL HISTORY BIOGRAPHY  AND JURISPRUDENCE BEGINNING WITH        Course A.  First Year Introduction   Legal History Study     Law. Materials     Blackstone  Commentaries        Introduction Sections      Book    Chapters             Book III  Chapters Book    Chapters         Book III  Chapters Book IV  Chapters                            Book II  Chapters Book IV  Chapter   ·     Woodruff  Introduction     Study   Law.     Wambaugh  Study   Cases. Course B.  Second Year History     Bench   Bar. Materials     Campbell  Lives     Chancellors   Lord Hardwicke         English           American     Campbell Lives     Chief Justices      Lord Holt  Arnould  Life   Lord Denman  Autobiography   Lord Campbell O rien  Life   Lord Russell  Life   Letters   Joseph Story Harvey  Reminiscences   Lodge  Life    Daniel Webster Brown  Life    Neilson  Memories    Rufus Choate  Memoirs Letters   James Kent  Memoirs   S. S. Prentiss  Ca   Bench   Bar   Illinois  Carson  History     Federal Supreme Court  Magruder  Life   John Marshall. Course BB.  Second Year  Optional History     English Legal System. Materials          Pollock   Maitland History     English Law  Volume          Pollock   Maitland  History  Volume    Holmes Common Law  Stephen  History     Criminal Law  Selected Essays   Legal History   School Course C.  Third Year.   Jurisprudence. Materials     Analytical Jurisprudence  Austin  Jurisprudence  Holland  Jurisprudence Terry  Principles   Anglo American Law.     Historical Juris BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Maine  Ancient Law  Fustel   Coulange  Ancient City Lee  Historical Jurisprudence. International Law. Materials International Law  Roman Laws. Materials  Any Gaius Institutes      Poste  Justinian Institutes Moyle  Selected Titles   Justinian  Pandects Kelly              Mr. Kelly                History   Germanic Law. Materials  Any Heusler  Institutionen     Rechts  Brunner Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte  Brissaud  Manuel   Regulations                         Grade C Course Course B   Course C                    Course BB. Course BB   Course C Rule     An  Course Secretary  Office  Students  A School               Course A.                    Law School Course C Course         School Courses                   Courses    C LEGAL COURSE FOR BANKERS. International Law   Roman Law  Dean                 Courses C Third Year.     Students     School                Courses School        r LEGAL COURSE IN BANKING. During                       Faculty Law School                     American Institute   Bank Clerks. Legal Course   Bankers Contracts Bills   Notes  Corporations  Trusts  Agency  Partnership Municipal Corporations  Suretyship  Bankruptcy. Instruction Faculty American Institute   Bank Clerks.     Institute   Bank Clerks  Eastern              School  VI. TUITION FEES  SCHOLARSHIPS  PRIZES.    Special Patent Law         School. General Review  NOTICE OF CHANGE IN FEES IN     Commencing ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY FIVE Special  Scholarships   Students. Eight              These Applications Secretary     Law School. Prizes.   Towle Prizes.       $ $          Henry Sargent Towle  Esq.  Chairman     Law School Committee     Board   Trustees  Towle Prize   $          James Jackson Forstall  B. S.    Chicago Towle Prize   $     Lawrence Alfred Cohen    Chicago   PRIZES.   Follansbee Prize.     $          Mitchell Davis Follansbee  Esq. Legal Ethics. Follansbee Prize       Norris Burt Cline Chicago.   Hyde Prize.            Charles Cheney Hyde Esq.                  $  International Law. Charles Cheney Hyde Prize               MacChesney Prizes. American English                             American   English                      Nathan William MacChesney  Esq.  Courses B  BB    C      Courses   Reading   Legal History  Legal Biography    Jurisprudence. Dean     School    Editor   Chief Illino   Law R Illinois Law Review.   Callaghan Prize.     $ Messrs  Callaghan Company    Chicago  Callaghan Prize       Rex Mackenzie  A. B.    Chicago. VIL REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION. A. Admission. Persons  Age. They                  Preliminary  Education.       .!J complet  English      ofvAlgebra  Geometry  Ancient History  Physiology  Rhetoric  PhyMcs    Physical  Geography Bookkeepin    Medireval   · Modern History Engl    Ameri   History Amyrcan Literature         English  omposit   English   American History   Literature   Latin        Where   Secretary Law School.  Supreme Court   Illinois   CHANGE IN ACADEMIC REQUIREMENT FOR ADMISSION. Beginning Law School  REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION AND GRADUATION.  Advanced Standing. "Degrees." Special Students. Persons   They   No  Dean. B. Graduation   Degrees. All University Commencement. On  Oxford Bachelor   Laws. Bachelor   Laws       · Trustees     University Faculty     School. Such Faculty   Length   Attendance Regular  Students  Students      ..        Students                Dean. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. All        Candidates II. Course   Study All       Persons                 Persons                   Dean.  Secretary          Four                B     C     D   C  C  School    II. Master  Degree. Master      Arts  Philosophy  Science Letters       College   Liberal Arts     University Bachelor Arts  Philosophy  Science    Letters University        Master Bachelor   Laws Faculty   Liberal Arts Faculty                       BachDEGREES.  Laws      Faculty     Law School. Students Master College   Liberal Arts       Law School    Master Law School  Faculty Liberal Arts                  Master Constitutional Law  International Law  Administrative Law  Roman Law  Jurisprudence  Legal History.  VIII. ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. Contributions     Library   Hon. Elbert H.Ga      During          \ Ir. Gary Law School Library Bulletin     Gary Collection   Continental Jurisprudence          Gary Collection   Modern Continental Law. During       Mr. Gary School American States   Territories  States                American   English  English Historical Chicago Mr. Gary    American International Law American International Law   Diplomacy Chicago. Ancient   Oriental Law               Europe          Germanic  Scandinavian Slavic Law             Middle Ages      Lex Salica                 Asia   Africa Oceanica Hindu Mohammedan. Geographically Afghanistan  Armenia  Caucasus  Persia  India  East Indies  China Japan  Siam  Mongolia   Siberia  African    Oceanica Australia. By            Hindu  Mohammedan Hebrew  Babylonian  Egyptian  Greek  Chinese    Japanese  ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS. Germany  France  Great Britain  Spait   Nether    Denmank Portugal    Italy     Turkey  China  Japan  Siam Persia. So         Turkey   Japan M. Paul Genthner    Paris Professors Dermesteter  Gaston Paris  Jules Oppert Blonde!   Green Bag            Towle Prize Debate. Towle Prizes  Booth Hall           Committee Messrs. William Capron  Jr.  Lawrence A. Cohen  Milton P. Firestone James J. Forstall  Andrew A. Martin    Harry L. Shaver    Benjamin E. Cohan   Samuel R. Rabinoff      "Resolved  "   James Jackson Forstall  B. S. Lawrence A. Cohen. Robert E. Pendarvis  Esq.       Miss Jane Addams Milton J. Foreman  Esq.    Luther Laflin Mills Esq.       BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Abel Davis      Recorder   Cook County  Illinois. Alumni  Mr. Davis                Law School                Real Estate News   Some         Mr. Davis Chicago  Cook County           Chicago   County. Mr. Davis  Time Office Employees  Recorder  Zeal Mr. Davis ALUMNI NEWS ITEMS.  Charles George Little  Esq.  Associate Professor     Faculty      Mr. Davis Chief Examiner   Titles     Title Registration Office                  Mr. Sheldona Mr. Little Lectures   Legal History   Biography    John Maxey Zane  Esq.      Chicago BM.           Legal History Biography    Mr. Zane        Hurd Hall  Chicago   School           Mr. Zane Bar     School Titles  LECTURE  English       Golden Age Norman Conquest         Edward Glanville   Bracton. LECTURE II. English       Silver Age Edward           Edward III Year Books. LECTURE III. English       Bronze Age       Jaw Edward III         Henry VII Fortesque   Littleton. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. LECTURE IV English       Iron Age Henry VII     Revolution                 Bacon Coke. LECTURE V. Continuation            Hale   Jeffreys. LECTURE VI. Reformation             English  ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL ALUMNI BANQUET Law School    One  Association. BE SURE AND RESERVE THE DATE. IX. REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Alumni Association Branches     Association     State   Territory Alumni     School Illinois     Cook County. Secretary  Vice President Branch. Branches  Marion H. McKinney  Esq.  General Secretary Association     Washington St.  Chicago   OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION William H. H. Judson Frederick S. Nave Henry B. Wilkinson Theodore W. Hubbard Georgia Ebenezer Wakely George P. Adams A. Lee Doud Albert J. Green James E. Babb Thaddeus M. Talcott  Jr. Harry Campbell Robert L. Welch Theodore H. Morrison J. Clyde Nelson Henry F. Metzger Hon. Homer B. Dibell A. B. Choate Jacob A. Harzfeld Richard A. Harlow Hon. William J. Bryan Alonzo P. Tarbox Hon. Sewell W. Abbott William F. Poole  Jr. Oliver L. Brown John H. Stingle Andrew M. Adams Hon. Elbert H. Gary William F. Myers George G. Barnes Hon. Wm. A. McLaren James L. Curtis Edward R. Sinkler Joseph D. Kerr Charles H. Glos Forest G. Moorhead John F. Whitlock Edward W. Hander Robert N. Freeman Clare E. Crawford Howard N. Waterman John K. Fish Charles F. Mallin Phillip E. Winter Carl S. Smith Abo Shiosuke Joseph S. Kennard OFFICERS OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS Aaron J. Gould Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock Charles H Holt Frank C. Van Sellar Thomas N. Cofer John A. Barber John D. Gray Conrad G. Gumbart Frank S. Fulton William L. McMahan Charles B. Campbell Wellington H. Shay William J Sweeney Solon W. Crowell William M. Mercer John E. Goembel Adams  Cyrus H.  Jr. Anderson  George Fridolf Asher  Walter Simpson Atherton  Leslie Campbell Becker  John Richard Bell  Benj. S. Brink  Hal L. Brothers  William Vincent Browne  John Maxwell Bugee  John Arthur Burns  William Cullen Candee  Robert Capron  William Jr. Cohan  Benjamin Edward Collins  Kenneth Prentice Colton  Chauncey Corey Cutting  Robert Myron Davis  Warren Marcus Dickinson  Frances Reynolds Eastman  Charles John Eddy  Morton Hoit Engstrom  Ebenezer Washington Finerty  John F.  Jr. Finley  George Alvin Garnett  Elmer Logan Goldstine  Isaac Oscar Haight  William Harrison Hinckley  Francis Edward Hunt  Anthony Johnston  William Walter Kolb  Theodore Krause  Hugo Foster VLibonati  Michael Ernest Lucius  Albert Edward Martin  Andrew Aloysius Mies  Frank Peter Milchrist  Frank Thomas Moore  Willis Samuel McCord  Downer McKinney  Fred Landin McNeill  Robert Lincoln Nordhold  Robert J. Peacock  Ernest Pirosh  George B. Pitte  Hugo Lewis Rich Ernest Paul Ridgely  Claude V. Romans  Harold Alben Romans  John Brown Rundall Charles Owen Secord  Frederick Smietanka  Alexander Michael Steinbrecher  Paul Straus  Ira E. Taylor  David W. Thomason  Samuel Emory Vlachos Andrew John Von Ammon  Ernest Carl Warner  George Raymond Wengierski  Julius Francis Whitfield  Garland Quinche Winnen  Victor Charles Wilcox  Jesse Franklin Winston  Garrard Bigelow Yates  Robert Mortimer Adams  Francis  Jr. Allely  George Joseph Allen  Harry Irwin Ballard  Howard Thompson Barry  Arthur Joseph Bennett  Robert F. Beveridge  Glen LeRoy Bieszki  Henry Albert Blu  Elmer Francis Bogheas  Demetrius Brown  Earle Wesley Callahan  James Edwin Carmody  Michael Lawrence Cohen  Lawrence Alfred Crossman  George William Davenport Kenneth Howard Dodson  Harry Lea Dvorak  Henry Forstall  James Jackson Fox  George Arthur Frake  Allen Frantz  Ezra Jacob Fuller  Earl Delos Gillson Charles Burton Grandberg  Oscar Emil Gregory  Frederick LaRue Griffin  John Joseph Grow  Oscar Hansen  Edwin Carsten Hausser  Arthur H. W. Henn  William Eugene Hill  Roy Wilson Houghteling  James Lawrence  Jr. Howison  Hugh Alexander Huszagh  Harold Jarrell  James Thomas  Jr. Kaufman  Saling  Krusemark  Albert Lilienstein  Arthur Webster Lindskog  Thomas Marshall  Robert Ferguson Morgan  George Gurnea Morrissey  Michael Patrick Murphy  John Cushing Myers  Earl Lucian Mccaughan  Philip N. McNeil  Oswell Laurie Nash  Albert Henry Nichols  George Richmond  Jr. Leland Stanford  Jr. Rathje  Frank Carl Rawson  William Dixon Rich  Stanley Richter  Edward Lewis Rueber  Charles Arthur Shaver  Harry Lloyd Smith  Frank O. Smoot  Harry Edward Starke  Charles Henry Stevens  Ernest James Stevens  George Marsden Strauss  Samuel Arthur Sunderbruch  Jens Frederick Swanson  Charles Edward Tanigoshi  Katsutaro Townsend  Barry Eyre Van Ryper  James Reynolds Welles  Harry Norton Willson  Royal Andrew Winterbottom  Joseph Erastus Woodbury  Homer Whallon Arthur  William Reed Barnes  Cecil Bauer  Lester Louis Brown  Edward Eagle Browne  John Maxwell Butler  LeRoy Dawson Butz  Robert Otto Carlson  Tulius Goodwin Carroll  John Charles  Jr. Clapp  Gardie Cumnock  Claude Buchanan Dean  William Dwight DeLaney  Clarence Martin Didier  Gustave Philip Dunham  H. Munroe Farrell  Harry Michael Fehrman  Henry J. Felgar  Harry Hardy Firestone  Milton P. Fowler  Glesner Frederick  Wilson David Freundlich  Alexander Gardner  Harry Newton Greenberg  Samuel Harris  Amos Leroy Hoover  Loring R. Jarecki  Edmund Kasper Johnson  Clyde Philip Johnson  James Richard Jordan  Carl Francis Jordan  Frank Kandlik  George Karr  Richard Freeman Katz  Sidney Morris Kendall  Rufus Knight  Homer Stone Lindsay  Alexander Pitcairn Love  Stephen Wentzel Lowe  Sylvester Tucker Long  William Henry Llabres  Louis Martin  Isaac Crouse Mewhirter  David Clifford Mount  Earl Burner Morris  Eugene Percivall Morawski  Sigismond Albert McCarthy  Justin Francis McKenna  John Edward O onnell  Joseph Dugan Oleson  George Arthur Olson  Olaf Adolph Oughton  John Richard  Jr. Philp  Leonard Haecker Ransom  Albert Richardson Reubens  Harry Jr. Rickcords  Francis Stanley Rabinoff  Samuel Randolph Rothwell  Henry Phillip Schadel  Robert Lyman Schmaus  Edward Thomas Simmons  Forrest Dale Slosson  Frank Steele Snapp  Dorrance Dibell Spengler  Walter J. Stafford  James Henry Staub  Casper  Jr. Steinbrecher  George Stylinski  Stanislaw Taylor  Orville James  Jr. Tyrrelli  Joseph Thomas Vail  Karl V. 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                    <text>The School of Law
1981-83

Northwestern University Bulletin

�3. THE JUDGE'S DESK. It is no mere
flight of fancy to speak of the judge's desk
as the "altar of justice." It is the modern
representative of the Roman "tribunal," and
in the primitive days of Rome, "the Latins
gave to their tribunals the name of 'sanctuary' or of 'altar of the laws.' "
4. THE SPEAKER'S GAVEL. In default
of such a token as the English parliamentary mace, the speaker's gavel must be
regarded as the symbol, for America, of
legislative authority.
5. THE GREEN BAG. The green bag
seems to have made its appearance in England about the beginning of the 1600s; for
the Elizabethan drama pictures the attorney
with a bag of black buckram, while in
Wycherley's comedy, "The Plain Dealer''
(1677), it is the green bag which typifies the
attorney's calling.
6. THE CHIEF JUSTICE'S COLLAR.
This ornament is worn on formal occasions
by the Chief Justice of England as the
emblem of his office.

The emblems of law and justice on the
cover of this bulletin are an integral part of
the decor of the older buildings of Northwestern University School of Law. Brief
descriptions of these emblems are excerpted
from Northwestern U11i1·ersity School of
Law-A Description of the New Buildings
(1926).
1. THE JUDGE'S WIG. The judicial wig
is simply a survival from the days when the
wig was an essential part of every gentleman's costume. When the fashion changed
and wigs ceased to be worn by the private
citizen, the bench, as well as the bar,
declined to change with it.

2. THE POLICEMAN'S STICK AND
ST AR. For America, this combination
stands as the symbol of civic law and order.
The police stick bas its forerunner in England; the star or shield, on the other band,
is a badge of police authority which seems
to be peculiarly American, dating from the
time when the watchmen or police were still
without a uniform dress ..

7. THE SPEAR. In Roman practice a
lance or spear ("hasta") became the symbol
of magisterial authority. It serves as an
emblem of the enforcement of private rights.
8. THE CHANCELLOR'S WOOLSACK.
Says Lord Campbell of woolsacks, "They
are said to have been introduced into the
House of Lords as a compliment to the
staple manufacture of the realm; but I
believe that in the rude simplicity of early
times a sack of wool was frequently used as
a sofa, when the Judges sat on a bard
wooden bench, and the advocates stood
behind a rough wooden rail called the bar.''

9. THE SCALES. The scales are the earliest object, in the world's annals, distinctively
associated with the administration of justice.
10. THE F ASCES. An emblem of the
State's penal power. the fasces, in Roman
history, were bundles of rods, having an axe
bound in between them, the blade projecting. With these rods malefactors were
beaten before their execution.

�The School of Law

Academic Years 1981-82/1982-83
Northwestern University Bulletin

Northwestern University reserves the right to
change without notice any statement in this bulletin
concerning, but not limited to, rules, policies,
tuition, fees, curricula, and courses.

11. IBE PRISON BARS. In these are
symbolized the penal law and procedure.
The prison in some form is as old as the
human race; the iron grating, which permits
the access of light and air, while preventing
the escape of the offender, goes back to the
remotest times.
12. THE SERJEANT'S COIF. A coif, says
Fortescue, "is the principal and chief insignement of habit where-with Serjeants-at-law
in their creation are decked." The Serjeantsat-law thus distinguished were the first practitioners at the English bar.

13. THE SWORD. In Roman tradition, the
sword was the emblem of the State's power.
"Jus gladii," the authority of the sword, was
the phrase for the supreme power of a
political ruler.

�Editors
Susan Curnick
Terri S. Weinstein
Designer
Lauretta Akkeron
Photographers
Uldis Saule
Terri S. Weinstein
Kira Wigoda

9-81/35M

Law School Courtyard

2

�CONTENTS
5
12
22
39
54
60
64
68

71
75
77
81
83
84

The School of Law
The Course of Instruction
Curriculum
Endowments, Supplemental Programs,
Honors, and Prizes
Student Activities
Admission to the School
Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid
Graduate Sh1dy and Degrees
Placement and Alumni
Calendar
Officers, Faculty, and Staff
Roster of Colleges and Universities
Where to Write
Campus Map
Index on inside back cover

3

�4

�The School of Law
''Where there is arbitrary power, there is no
occasion to study the law; when the law
begins to reign, its teachers and practicers
come forth."

-Dal'id Dudley Field, at the dedication of the Law
S chool, September 21, 1859.

The first law school in its state and region and one of the oldest in the nation,
Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a
rich heritage. Since its founding in 1859,
it has been dedicated to the education of
men and women for all branches of
endeavor in the law under the highest
standards of academic and professional
excellence. This dedication marks the
character of the Law School today.
Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the Law School
has always sought to prepare students for
the broad challenge of the future. To
this end, the program of instruction is
designed to foster an understanding of the
principles that guide growth and change
in the law.
Early in its history the Law School
adopted a policy of limited enrollment
to promote educational quality. Today
Northwestern remains a law school of
medium size, small in comparison with
others of national standing, with approximately 525 students seeking their first
degree in law. The substantial size of the

faculty gives the School one of the
two or three !owes~ student-faculty ratios
found among the leading law schools.
This makes possible a close working relationship between student and teacher,
thereby fostering professional training of
the highest order and providing an opportunity for the development of each
student's unique capabilities.

LOCATION OF IBE CAMPUSES

The Law School is situated on the
shore of Lake Michigan near the business
center of Chicago. Not far to the south,
along the lakefront, lie Grant Park, a
series of yacht basins, a planetarium, an
aquarium, and museums of art, science,
and natural history. Nearby are Orchestra Hall, home of the Chicago Symphony
Orchestra, and the Chicago Public Library. To the north extends the Gold
Coast, an area of residential apartments
separated from the lake by a continuous
series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and
boating facilities. Near the campus, to
the west, is Rush Street, one of the city's
centers of art and entertainment. A halfmile to the southwest is the Loop, the central business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center of
the region. Here, convenient for student
visits, are located the offices of federal,

s

�state, and municipal governments, including trial and appellate courts of both the
state and federal governments, ranging
from the local small claims courts to the
United States Court of Appeals.
The Law School constitutes part of the
self-contained professional campus of
Northwestern University, where several
other buildings house the Medical School
and the Dental School. Also on the campus are Abbott Hall, the 18-story student
residence for men and women enrolled in
the professional schools; Lake Shore Center, a recently acquired residential and
recreational facility; and member hospitals of The McGaw Medical Center of
Northwestern University. The Health Sciences Building was added to the medical
complex in 1978.
Students live and study on a selfsufficient graduate campus. The original
campus of the University, where the main
body of about 6,800 full-time undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students
is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban
Evanston.
The Evanston campus is accessible to
Law School students for courses and
seminars, general library resources, cultural activities, and athletic events. Facilities include the University Library, Norris University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center, 0. T. Hogan
Biological Sciences Building, Frances
Searle Building (Communicative Disorders), Nathaniel Leverone Hall (the J. L.
Kellogg Graduate School of Management's headquarters on the Evanston
campus}, Arthur Andersen Hall (School
of Education), Rebecca Crown Center
(the University's administration building),
Seeley G . Mudd Library for Science and
Engineering, and the Traffic Institute
Building.
Pick-Staiger Concert Hall, part of the
developing fine and performing arts complex, was completed in 1975. Regenstein
Hall of Music opened in fall 1977, and
the Theatre and Interpretation Center,
incorporating an art gallery, was opened

in fall 1980. Also recently constructed
on the Evanston campus is the James L.
Allen Center, which houses the Graduate
School of Management's executive programs. New undergraduate housing is
under construction.

LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS

Unlike
the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate apparatus. For the
serious student, however, a stimulating
and congenial environment contributes to
the educational process. Good professional training requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed
for effective teaching. There must be
places for reflection and concentration
and arrangements conducive to informal
interchange between student and student
and between student and teacher. The
atmosphere should imbue the student of
law with an appreciation for the finest
traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage the student will share.
The Law School consists of a complex
of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and Superior Street west of
Lake Shore Drive.
In interior design and ornament, the
buildings of the School are rich in the
lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits,
engravings, etchings, and photographs,
collected by the late Dean John Henry
Wigmore in the United States and abroad,
are displayed throughout the School to
illustrate the people and events of judicial
history.
The original buildings, Levy Mayer
Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library,
were completed in 1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon
Library were completed in 1960. The
quadrangle completely encloses a handsome garden which is frequently used for
open-air discussions and study.
A new Law School addition is scheduled for completion in 1984, to occupy
the entire site east of the Law School.

6

�The addition will join the present buildings along the east wall of the current
library. The new building, which will be
bordered by Lake Shore Drive, Chicago
A venue, and Superior Street, will double
current library space, greatly expand student study areas, and will include classrooms, a moot courtroom, offices, and
an 800-seat University auditorium.
The four lower floors will include Law
School functions and the University auditorium. An additional eight to twelve
floors located in a tower on the south end
of the site will include the headquarters
of the American Bar Association and
American Bar Foundation, as well as
other nonprofit legal organizations. The
new addition will create for the Law
School and Chicago legal scholars a preeminent law research library and teaching
facility.

CLASSROOMS

The current Law
School buildings contain seven major
classrooms. These facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at
the same time. Most classes, including all
those in the first year, are divided into
sections. As a consequence, the number
of students attending a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often much smaller. Such
classes, small by general law school
standards, encourage responsible participation by each student in the probing,
analytical discussion that is the mark of
legal education at Northwestern. The design of Lincoln Hall, the largest of the
classrooms, was suggested by that of the
British House of Commons.
In addition to the major classrooms,
the School has three seminar rooms scaled
and furnished to provide comfortable
and congenial surroundings for smaller
study groups. The seminars of the second
and third years meet here, with typically
10 to 15 students seated informally
around a table with one or more faculty
members for a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal
development. In such study, the student

necessarily bears a large measure of responsibility for giving direction and sub
stance to the discussion.
For instruction in trial and appellate
practice, the School has a fully-equipped,
modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury box, counsel tables, and
seating for spectators, it accommodates
actual criminal and civil trials conducted
occasionally by courts sitting in Illinois
and is used for the teaching of trial
practice.

LIBRARY

The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books,
and a comprehensive and well-arranged
library is essential to effective training for
the profession. The library with its associated research facilities is the heart of
the Law School.
The Northwestern Law School Library
consists of two buildings integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary Library and the Owen L.
Coon Library. In combination, the library
occupies a full side of the Law School
quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and includes four
floors of working area. The Elbert H.
Gary Library, part of the original Law
School buildings, is named for the donor
of the building who also established the
Gary Fund, providing for the acquisition
of substantial parts of the original collection and a portion of current acquisitions.
The Owen L. Coon Library, built in
1960, is named in recognition of a substantial gift from the Owen L. Coon
Foundation.
With its collection of nearly 400,000
volumes, Northwestern has one of the
largest law libraries in the United States.
Even more important than size, however,
is the utility of the collection. The main
reading room of the library occupies the
highest floor of the building and is divided by shelved partitions into dozens of
secluded but well-lighted alcoves furnished with large working tables and chairs
to provide convenient accommodations

7

�close to the books. Study tables and
chairs are also 1o ca te d on the lower
floors, together with the addition of a
number of individual carrels for sustained
and concentrated research. Included on
a lower level are study and typing rooms.
The library is operated with an openstack policy to bring readers and books
together without unnecessary formalities.
The student is free to browse and to
search at will through the collection and
may call upon the expert full-time staff of
25 if in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well,
whenever the School is in session. To
provide for the heavy demands of faculty
research, a separate working collection is
maintained in the Faculty Library.
The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide basic instruction in the use of legal materials but also
to encourage full use of the library's
large resources and to afford every student extensive opportunity for independent scholarly research.
The Law School Library's AngloAmerican collection includes all the reported decisions of the courts of the
United States, its states and territories,
Great Britain and the Commonwealth,
together with their statutes and session
laws and subsidiary publications-digests,
encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks,
periodicals, bibliographies-necessary to
form a complete working collection for
every legal system in the English language. A well-selected, comprehensive
collection_ of United States government
documents is maintained for the teaching program and for the use of the legal
profession in general. Recently the Law
School Library was designated a government depository library. The University
Library on the Evanston campus has been
a government depository library for many
years, and a more complete collection of
documents is available there. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a
selection of works in the fields of history,

economics, and government and includes
a special collection on law and the social
sciences. The library also receives virtually every current legal periodical of general interest printed in the English
language.
About one-fourth of the total collection is made up of works in the fields of
foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and
journals of all major European countries
and Japan and good working collections
for a number of other nations. At an early
date the library began to build a complete
collection in the law of nations, going
beyond domestic laws to emphasize the
rules of law controlling their relations
with each other. This large collection includes the documents of the international
organizations, the international courts,
treaty series, and official diplomatic documents, treatises, and monographs and
periodicals from all parts of the world .
The collection permits original and useful
work to be carried on in the field of public and private international law.
Holdings in other specialized fields include an extensive collection of treatises,
periodicals, and documents in criminal
law and its administration and a special
collection of materials in aviation law. In
addition, the library includes outstanding
collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history, comparative law,
and valuable resources in Roman law.
The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization,
but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized areas through
inter-library loans and other cooperative
arrangements with the general University
Library, departmental libraries, and the
major public, educational, and legal collections in the region.
A special feature of the library is its
distinguished rare book collection, housed
in the Hardy Scholars Treasure Room
adjoining the main reading room. These
early volumes, numbering some 2,500,
8

�have been acquired through the years
and represent a variety of fields. Many
are first editions of the classics of the
law, including a number of manuscripts
and incunabula (books printed before
1500). A number are either unique or
the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. Especially notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments
dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which
comprises more than 500 original manuscript instruments executed in connection
with landed estates, and the George W.
Shaw Collection of Early European Law,
established in 1949 by Joseph L. Shaw
(LLB., 1903). The value of these books
is not primarily antiquarian. They
have been gathered and selected because
they are indispensable for effective legal
research in areas vital both to scholars
and to practitioners.
Provision also has been made for the
use of the materials of legal research of
the future. A section of the library is
fitted with the basic equipment for use of
microfilm and microcards, designed to
replace conventional books and to ameliorate problems of their bulk and deterioration.
With the aid of a grant from the
Woods Charitable Foundation, Inc., the
Law Library has also begun to convert
all of its cataloging records from printed
cards to computer-readable format. All
books received by the Law Library since
January I, 1981 and a growing number
of earlier books, are accessed through a
computer system known as LUIS, maintained cooperatively with the University's
main library. As the Law Library's catalog is being computerized, it is also being
brought into conformity with the latest
cataloging standards. The collection is
being classified according to the subject
classification system of the Library of
Congress.
The library is also equipped with
LEXIS, the modern computer research
system. Legal information, quickly accessible through the LEXIS system, is stored

electronically in a rapidly expanding data
base. An access terminal is located in
the library and is available to all students
for on-line use.
As a practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students, a section of the
main reading room has been set aside for
casual reading in fields of contemporary
or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers
current periodicals and a broad selection
of biographical and miscellaneous works.

OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Al-

though hours in the classroom and the
library predominate for both students and
faculty, provision has been made for the
informal give-and-take discussions in
which student lawyers hone their skills in
analysis and expression, and for moments
of relaxation. Lowden Hall, named for
the first of several of the School's alumni
to serve as governor of Illinois, is the
principal School lounge and is rich with
reminders of the history of law and the
Law School. Here coffee and rolls are
available to students and faculty during
the morning hours under the auspices of
the Student Bar Association. On the lower level are lockers, food and beverage
dispensers, rooms equipped with tables
for a coffee break or light luncheon, and
a television lounge.
Separate offices are provided for various student activities and organizations.
Faculty offices which open directly onto main corridors for access without formalities or intermediaries foster frequent
and fruitful informal meetings between
student and teacher.

STUDENT RESIDENCES Living and

working together, law students gain advantages that are significant if not readily
apparent. Casual conversation and earnest discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's powers
9

�and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give one another have an
impact that is directly evident in the
classroom.
The ancient ancestors of modern law
schools, the English Inns of Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating, and arguing informally together to produce lawyers of
professional qualification . For the student who resides in one of the campus
housing facilities, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The
library and the classrooms are accessible,
the distractions of commuting are avoided, and the student can concentrate time
and attention on preparing for the practice of law.
For these reasons, many law students,
with the possible exception of married
students and those whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School,
choose to live in either Lake Shore Center or Abbott Hall. Both facilities are
designed to provide convenient living
quarters and to provide an atmosphere
for development of personal qualities
which are essential to a lawyer, but often
fall outside the sphere of formal training.
Lake Shore Center, recently acquired
by the University, was formerly the Lake
Shore Club of Chicago, an elegant lakefront club and residential hotel built during the I 920s. The 18-story complex contains more than 400 rooms with private
baths, an Olympic-size swimming pool ,
three racquetball courts, three squash
courts, a gymnasium, steamroom, sauna,
an exercise room , and numerous other
rooms and facilities. Located one block
north of the Law School, the residence
hall offers convenient quality housing in
Chicago's Gold Coast, the city's most desirable residential district, at a price within student budgets.
Abbott Hall, across the street to the
south of the Law School, is an 18-floor
residential structure that has served the
School well for many years. The building includes a bookstore, Cashier's Office,

two squash courts, and other recreational
facilities. The convenient location and
affordable room rates have made Abbott
Hall a popular housing option.
The accommodations in both residence
halls offer double rooms, though some
single rooms are available. There is a
very limited number of furnished apartments for married students in Abbott
Hall. They are either one-room efficiencies or one-bedroom apartments.
All sports and recreational facilities in
both Lake Shore Center and Abbott Hall
are available to all students whether they
live in the buildings or not. Easy access
to these diversions provides the opportunity for pleasant breaks from the rigors
of studies. A diverse organized sports
program is run in the Lake Shore Center
facilities .
Breakfast, lunch, and dinner are served
in a residence hall cafeteria, either on an
individual meal basis or under a variety
of board contracts. A rathskeller serving
beer, wine, and sandwiches is operated in
the Lake Shore Center.

STUDENT HEALTH All full-time

new students are required to have on file
in the Student Health Service a completed medical form including a recent
physical examination.
The Student Health Service for all students in schools on the Chicago campus
is located at 222 East Superior Street,
room 334. Available medical services
and limited hospital and surgical coverage
are described in the Student Health Bulletin which each student receives upon
initial registration .
It is a requirement for registration that
all full -time students have a comprehensive hospitalization plan, either by coverage under the Northwestern Student Hospitalization Plan or by one comparable to
it. Proof of an existing plan will be required. All students are encouraged to
read carefully the insurance information
which is mailed to them.
10

�The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m.
to 4 :30 p.m. Physicians' hours are posted
on the Student Health Service bulletin
board. In an emergency, a student may
report to room 334 during regular clinic
hours. Acute illness occurring outside
those hours should be reported to the
Emergency Room of Northwestern Memorial Hospital. This will be covered by
the student's hospitalization plan.
Medical expenses that have not been
authorized by the Student Health Service will be the financial responsibility of
the student. Specialty consultations beyond those provided by the Health Service are advised as indicated, but are the
financial responsibility of the student.

Lake Shore Center swimming pool

11

�The Course of Instruction
"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men
what they want to know when they go out
to fight, but . . . it will send them forth
with a pennon as well as with a sword, to
keep before their eyes in the long battle the
little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes,
even romance, in all the dull details."
-Justice Olil'er Wendell Holmes, at the dedication
of earlier Law School buildings, October 20, 1902.

The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective servic_e in
all fields of law-to qualify men and
women not only for the private practice
of the profession but also for careers in
government service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules
applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates upon the
development of the fundamental capacities and skiils of the lawyer.
Human activity is infinitely varied and
everchanging. Law, bringing order and
direction to human relations, involves a
continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem that comes to
the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with
situations never before encountered, to
direct the resources of the law to new

fields of human endeavor, and to handle
not the problems of the past but the cases
of the future.

INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE

Reflecting this objective, the program of
instruction in the Law School differs
markedly from the usual undergraduate
instruction. It requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this
foundation, the instruction demands of
the individual student the thought and
initiative needed to extend learning beyond the limits of the materials and to
stretch powers of analysis. As the lawyer
must deal with new situations throughout
professional life, so the student lawyer is
taught to transcend rote learning and to
find his or her way in unfamiliar contexts.
The result is an intellectual challenge
that is both rewarding and stimulating.
The individual student is spurred to go as
far as mind and industry will carry.

CLASSES The law student typically attends classes for 15 or 16 hours a week.
Class meetings are scheduled throughout
the morning and \!fternoon Monday
through Friday with time for study between classes. Two or three times the
number of hours spent in class are de12

�voted to individual study. Time spent in
co-curricular activities and independent
research must be added to the requirements of course work. The study of Jaw,
therefore, is a full-time occupation.
In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed
among four or five courses. Some of the
subjects represent ancient categories of
the Jaw. Course titles such as Criminal
Law, Property, Contracts, and Torts go
back, as separate topics, to the days of
Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has
changed since those early days in the
Jaw, and even these traditional subjects
have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the
atom and upon the legal problem each
presents to an energized society. Property law today concerns itself not only with
ancient learning but also with topics such
as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal law more and more is concerned
with psychiatry, with modern correctional theories, and with protection of the
fundamental rights of the accused. The
law of contracts today finds itself dealing
with and adjusting to the subject matter
of tomorrow.
The changing character of Jaw is reflected in the content of traditional
courses, altered to keep pace with a
changing society. It is reflected, too, in
the newer courses introduced by the Law
School into the Jaw curriculum to deal
with emerging areas of legal service. The
lawyer is a full-time student for only one
period in his or her professional life.
Within the limits of the possible, education in that brief span must be for the
responsibilities of the legal profession,
not just for the day, but for the half century of lawyer's work that lies ahead.
Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative
Law were introduced into the basic program of the Law School during the
formative years of those subjects, anticipating the current recognition of their
significance. Courses and seminars in

International Law, Scientific Evidence,
Consumer Protection, and Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come.

FACULTY

The basic instruction in
the Law School program is conducted by
the full-time resident faculty, who make
teaching their first responsibility. Each
member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or
both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice by government agencies
and private groups and are active in the
organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before legal and
public bodies and the preparation of
learned treatises and articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich
the instruction. The casebooks and other
teaching materials for many of the
courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who teach
those courses.
In 1978-79, the Student Bar Association established the Robert Childres Memorial Award for Teaching Excellence.
The award, presented annually, recognizes
the faculty member voted by the student
body who best exemplifies excellence in
the art of teaching. Robert Childres was
a professor of law at Northwestern from
1967 until his death in 1976.

ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS The
life of scholarship at the Law School is
one which obliges the professor not only
to advance and enrich the discipline of
law through research, but also to explain
the law's accrued body of knowledge to
students. Faculty members representing
the very best of scholarship in teaching
and research are recognized by endowed
professorships. The five endowed professorships at the Law School include the
Owen L. Coon Chair of Law established
m 1974, the William Wirt Gurley Me13

�maria! Professor of Law established in
1975, the Frederic P. Vose Chair of Law
established in 1966, and the Edna B. and
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor
of Law, established in 1969. The presence of endowed professorships enables
the Law School to attract and retain the
best scholars, to stimulate academic excellence, and to assure distinguished scholarship.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION In

recognition of the lawyer's role in articulating the conflicting interests of society,
instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation
by the class. The student lawyer does
not listen passively in a lecture audience.
To maximize the opportunity for active
participation afforded each student,
Northwestern Law School has adopted a
curricular policy emphasizing instruction
through relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling 175 students or more have no place in the Law
School program. The entering student
will attend classes approximately half that
size. Seminars are limited in enrollment
and commonly range in size from 10 to
15 students. Advanced individual work
is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members of the
faculty.
Instruction of this kind requires a low
student-faculty ratio . The program of the
School is based upon the conviction that
this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the
most effective way to develop the skills
that distinguish the legal profession .

The Case Method The case method of teaching, employed principally in
the formal courses, particularly those offered in the first year, is founded upon
the premise that the first objective of law
training is to develop an understanding
on the part of the student of how and
why the courts decide cases as they do.
The method was adopted at the Law

School in the earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the
actual decisions of courts, embodied in
written opinions rendered in real and
disputed cases, rather than a textbook
compendium of legal rules. The cases
themselves are the specimens of legal
controversy to be examined and dissected.
The student is brought to the level of a
participant in the proceeding, analyzing
each stage in the course of litigation and
each step in the process of decision.
Through painstaking scrutiny of a large
number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experiences of the lawyers and
judges who conducted them and thereby
gains an understanding of the judicial
process based on first-hand observation
of the law in action.
Although the case method varies in its
use with the approach of the professor,
the teaching styles grouped under this
heading have certain characteristic elements in common.
Under the case system it is essential
that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in
related kinds of controversy. The class
session in a case-taught course typically
does not offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted in the manner of a Socratic
dialogue between the teacher and students. Questions are designed to test the
student's understanding of the case, to
identify the considerations that controlled
the decision, and to probe its implications
for similar situations and its relation to
other decisions.
Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role
to explain the background of a legal
problem or to give direction to the class
discussion , the essence of the case method
is the collective probing and searching in
which the student's own powers of reason
and analysis are tempered and developed.
The system is in fact designed to revert to
14

�the student, after he or she has digested
and evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in group discussion , the task of
developing an understanding, first, of
what courts and administrative agencies
do and why they do it and, second, of
how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of a law school
career the student is thus led to do what
one has to do throughout professional life
-think, analyze, and decide on one's
own initiative.

The Problem Method The problem method, an instructional technique
orginated at the Law School and now
widely employed throughout legal education, is used in many second and thirdyear courses. Here the emphasis is not
upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the student's
work and of the class session is rather a
set of facts raising legal problems for
which there may indeed be no authoritative solution. The student's task is to take
the available materials in the form of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create a solution
to the problem.
Perhaps the problem is set at the stage
where the businessman asks for advice
on a proposed transaction . Or the transaction may already have taken place, and
the problem concerns the consequences
to be attached to the transaction by the
federal or state government by way of
taxation or regulation . In short, the problems are much like those which come to
the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact
they are frequently drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of
the faculty and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the
student in a problem-method course with
an experience that closely approximates
the practice of law.
Characteristically, in a course taught
by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memoran-

dum solution to the problem, based on
his or her analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, the student or
a classmate is invited to explain the legal
issues presented by the problem situation
and the views he or she takes of those
issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows.

Clinical Training and Practice Courses
Clinical education at Northwestern is a
vital part of the Law School's curriculum.
Over the last 10 years the Law School
has developed a sequence of clinical
courses, culminating in actual practice
under the supervision of faculty attorneys
in the third year. This sequence of
courses is designed to bring together
training in practical skills, analytical
processes, and professional responsibility.
The Clinic's staff has six full-time faculty
attorneys. Each year a large number of
students in the Law School participates in
some phase of the clinical program.
In 1910, Northwestern introduced to
legal education the idea of giving law
students actual experience in practice
through the medium of assisting in the
provision of legal services to the poor.
This idea has been a part of the curriculum since that time and is now developed
in clinical programs and courses supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern
Legal Clinic, located in Wieboldt Hall,
next door to the Law School, students
working under faculty supervision gain
practical experience in consulting with
clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents in
a wide variety of cases, both civil and
criminal. Students also assist the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for
and conduct of trials and, under the rules
of the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified third year students actually appear
in court on behalf of Clinic clients. The
training is similar in many respects to
that provided during the internship period in medical education.
During the first year, all students are
instructed in the techniques of oral and
15

�written argument in the course in legal
writing. Practicing the lawyer's skills, the
student is required to prepare a written
brief in compliance with prevailing professional standards and to argue the case,
opposed by a fellow student, under courtroom conditions, before an appellate
court composed of alumni and faculty
members. This instruction is continued
on a voluntary basis in the second year
in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition.
In the second year, the student is offered Counseling, Negotiation, and Litigation and a Trial Advocacy course. The
instruction provides the student with actual experience in pretrial preparation,
examining witnesses, presenting evidence,
and arguing to a mock jury. The student
thus learns by doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able
to do in court. These second year courses
are designed to prepare students for practice in the third year under the supervision of Clinic faculty attorneys.
Seminars are offered in the
second and third years in a variety of
fields. Here the student is free to select
subjects of special interest and to explore
new areas of the law. In a group usually
numbering from 10 to 15, with the guidance of a senior faculty member, the student engages in intensive individual work
on some aspect of the general subject
embraced by the seminar. Many seminars
cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science.
Often the seminar student writes a major
paper and presents this product of his or
her research and analysis for critical consideration by the seminar group.
Seminars

Legal Writing Skills Every student is
offered the opportunity during his
or her Law School career to develop
writing skills. In the first year, each student is required to take a course which
provides supervised experience in written

legal communication as well as instruction in legal process. In the second and
third years, further experience is gained
in supervised writing. Before graduation
each student is required to complete one
or more of the following:
Editorial work meeting established standards
on the Northwestern University Law Review,
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology,
Northwestern Journal of International Law
and Business, or the Black Law Journal.
Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court Competition as a member of a Law School team
during the third year.
Participation in the Jessup International Law
Moot Court Competition.
Participation in the Senior Research Program.
Enrollment in a seminar which requires presentation of preliminary and revised drafts
which receive careful editorial criticism prior
to submission of the final draft of the paper.

The Senior
Research Program in the third year
is an innovation Northwestern introduced in 1966. Under this program, a
student, with faculty approval , may elect
to devote as many as 12 credit hoursciose to half of the third year-to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more members of the
faculty. During the second year, a student interested in this program may
choose a research subject with the assistance and approval of a faculty member
who is interested in the same field and
who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of the
curriculum, the student may arrange a
schedule to include Law School courses
and seminars which provide necessary
background for the proposed work. In
the third year, the student meets at least
weekly with the faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The
final paper or report must be approved
by a second faculty member.

Senior Research Program

16

�The aim is not in itself to make a
"specialist" of the student, but rather to
afford the intellectual experience of exploring a subject to its depths; of sharpening one's powers of analysis, observation, and communication; and of making
a genuine contribution to research. Depending upon the nature of the subject,
projects may require research in the law
library and may also draw upon other resources, including other libraries in the
University and the community; other departments of the University, where course
or seminar offerings related to the field of
inquiry may be taken; or the community
itself, where field research may be undertaken. The program also permits. with
careful advance planning and approval,
work in other parts of the nation or the
world. For example, faculty-student
teams have engaged in research for periods of six months in several African nations as a part of the Senior Research
Program.
Faculty participants in the program
carry a classroom teaching load which
is lighter than normal so that they may
devote more time to the research, discussion, and critique necessary to take the
inquiry well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work
in the program grows into joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches,
more significant-not only in substance,
but also in working relationship-than
anything heretofore possible in a law
school setting. Many books and articles
have been published as a result.
The challenges and rewards promised
by the Senior Research Program are
many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning and teaching offered by the program provide significant enrichment for students willing
and able to meet its demands for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work. The
program also serves the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the frontiers of the law.

Most significant of all, perhaps, are
the opportunities for student and teacher
to work together in concrete ways toward
the common end of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession and as a servant of society.

THE THREE-YEAR CURRICU-

LUM In the last century, Northwestern,
setting the norm in legal education, was
among the first of the nation's law
schools to require three years of study
for a degree in law. Beginning students
enter the Law School in early fall and
attend the two semesters of the regular
academic year for three years.
During the first year of law study, the
student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts and to give a solid
grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all branches of the profession.
Here the student encounters the grand
divisions of private law- property, tort,
and contract-as well as criminal law
and civil procedure. The year-long program in legal writing focuses on the development of the lawyer's basic skills in
the uses of research tools and writing
and cu Im in ates in the preparation of
briefs and presentation of oral arguments
in moot court.
The first year also requires the student
to choose a "perspective" course elective.
The elective may be satisfied by the
courses in International Law, English or
American Legal History, or by one of a
group of courses dealing with the relationship of law to the social sciences.
Each entering student is assigned a
faculty member as adviser. This advisory
relationship is available in the first year
to ease the adjustment to the demands of
law study. Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and mentor as the student
plans the work of his or her last two
years.
The wide range of electives offered by
the Law School in the second and third
years enables students who so wish to at17

�tain a degree of concentration. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a
new context. For example, questions of
criminal procedure may be treated in a
paper written for the civil liberties seminar, or the underpinnings of constitutional law may be studied in a seminar
on comparative law or jurisprudence.
Perhaps most significant, however, is the
opportunity to sample a wide variety of
problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For those courses
which have two sections, the School's
policy of scheduling the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended to permit the students to
select virtually any combination of elective courses in the last two years.
Other scheduling policies and a prerequisite system facilitate selection of offerings in logical progression and permit
adequate preparation for advanced individual work in the programs of the third
year.
Additional interdisciplinary opportunities are provided by the option that allows students, subject to certain restrictions, to receive up to six hours of credit
toward the law degree for graduate level
courses taken in other schools and departments of the University.

JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN
LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University has

pioneered in research integrating the
study of law and the social sciences. The
joint degree allows students to earn the
J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social sciences in five years, comprising four years
of courses and a dissertation year.
The primary objective of this program
is to produce scholars who have the skills
necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems. To do such research successfully, it is essential for the
scholar to be fully qualified as a professional, both in law and in social science.
The graduates of this program qualify for

admission to the Bar and are competent
to practice law. They are also fully
trained in both the theory and methods
of social science and experienced in field
research on legal systems.
The program admits up to five students
per year.
Applicants interested in this program
may write for further information to
Ms. Janice M. Priester, Program in Law
and the Social Sciences, Northwestern
University, 357 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM A student at Northwestern Uni-

versity may earn the Master of Management (M.M .) and the Juris Doctor (J.D.)
degrees during a period of four years by
enrolling in both the J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management and the
School of Law as a participant in the
combined degree program.
If earned independently, these degrees
would require a total of five years of
study. Under the combined degree program, the J.D. degree may be earned by
taking a minimum of 75 semester hours
in the School of Law, an additional 15
semester hours of credit toward this degree being given for work completed in
the Graduate School of Management.
Similarly, the M.M. degree may be
earned by taking 18 course units of work,
additional credit for five course units being given for work completed in the
School of Law.
The precise order in which work is
taken may be determined individually. A
typical program might be a full year of
study in one school and a fuIJ year of
study in the other, followed by combined
study in both schools during the third
and fourth years. Every participant, however, must complete one academic year
of study exclusively in each school before
taking courses in the same term in both
schools.
Applicants planning to enter the combined degree program are advised to file
18

�admission applications at the same time
in both schools, in accordance with the
procedures of each school. To be eligible
for the combined program a student already admitted to one school must, at.the
latest, file a timely application and be
admitted to the other school within the
first academic year following entry into
the first school.
Jn no case will either school admit applicants to the combined degree program
who have completed their course work
in the first school before entering the
second school. The complete separation
of studies which this would allow is not
conducive to the mutually reinforcing
int erd isc i pl in ary experience in both
schools which the combined degree program seeks to promote. Applicants who
have completed their degree program in
either school are, of course, welcome to
apply for admission to the other school
as a degree candidate under its regular
program. App Ii cants to either school
planning to enter the combined degree
program should so indicate at time of
application.
A student in the combined program
may be considered for financial assistance
separately by each school for the first
year of enrollment in that school and by
both schools when taking courses in both
schools.
For more information about the Graduate School of Management, address inquiries to Admissions Office, J. L. Kellogg
Graduate School of Management, Northwestern Un iversity, Leverone Hall, 2001
Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201.

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS

Regular attendance is required in all courses.
No student should enroll in any course
without the intention and capability of
satisfying this requirement. Failure to
attend regularly may cause reduction in
grades, loss of credit for courses, remedial work, denial of residence credit, or
other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean.

In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in
any semester. Third year students may
register for no more than two seminars
requiring the writing of substantial papers.

COURSE LOAD

Courses totaling 16
credit hours in any term, in the opinion
of the faculty, represent the maximum
amount of work which a good student
can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each student is
expected to register for not less than 14
credit hours of work each term.

LIMITED

ENROLLMENT The
seminars, the courses, and the work in
the Northwestern Legal Clinic are limited
in enrollment. The School cannot assure
that all students wishing to enroll in a
particular seminar, course, or Clinic program can be accommodated.
EXAMINATIONS

Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In
accordance with the prevailing practice in
legal education, a single final examination
is usually given, without periodic or midterm tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's capacity to work with
and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the
most important source for determining
the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to the . written work done in connection with a
course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In seminars, examinations are not ordinarily given. Grades
are based upon the products of individual
research and participation in the seminar discussions.
With the permission of the Dean, students who are eligible but, for good
reason, unable to take an examination
may take the next regularly scheduled
examination in the course, take the examination late, or, in unusual cases, be
given a special examination.
19

�GRADUATION

REQUIREMENTS

Specific graduation requirements and details of the grading system are set forth in
the "Rules of Northwestern University
School of Law," published separately.
In general, to be recommended for the
degree of Juris Doctor, a student must
complete and earn credit in the 15 semester hours of the first semester, which is
evaluated on a credit/ no credit basis. In
addition a student must earn credit and
mai:-ltain a satisfactory grade level for the
remaining 15 semester hours of required
first-year courses, the course in Legal
Ethics, and at least 58 semester hours of
elective work, in not less than six or more
than seven semesters in residence. All students must meet the writing requirement
described above.
The grading system provides for letter
grades A+, A, B+, B, C+, C, D and F.
After the first semester, in order to remain in good standing and for graduation purposes, a student's average must
fall between a C + and a C for credit
hours attempted after the first semester.
The faculty may change the requirements for graduation at any time. This
responsibility, however, is not exercised
in a manner which will place an undue
burden upon an enrolled student who has
planned his or her program on the basis
of previously announced requirements.
Instructors may establish one or more
prerequisites for enrollment in particular
courses and seminars in the second and
third years. Courses listed as concurrent
requisites may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently.

DEGREES

Degrees are conferred by
the trustees of the University upon students who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a
student is recommended for a degree, he
or she must have satisfied the faculty as
to character, have complied with the requirements for the degree and have paid
all fees.
The first degree in law awarded by

the University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.).
It is conferred upon students who have
satisfactorily completed courses carrying
90 semester hours of credit in the School
of Law, including the required courses
described under Graduation Requirements. The work must be pursued during a residence period of three academic
years or the equivalent. The last year
must be in residence at Northwestern
University School of Law and, in the case
of students transferring from another law
school, a minimum of 60 semester hours
of credit must be earned at Northwestern.
When the faculty believes that the
candidate's record of scholarship merits
special recognition, the degree may be
awarded cum laude, magna cum laude,
or summa cum laude.
Degrees conferred upon students who
have already obtained their first degrees
in law are described later in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law.

HONOR CODE

An important product
of the Law School's philosophy of student
responsibility is the Honor Code and the
broad authority granted to the students,
through the Student Bar Association, for
its enforcement and implementation. The
basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the
law student, like the lawyer, should be
subject to unyielding standards of honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of responsibility,
Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff,
or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a
strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the students constituting the Judicial Council of
the Association. After a full hearing, the
Council has the duty to make findings
and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty.
The Code covers all academic phases
of Law School activity. It is expected
that the habits fostered by this honor
system will stand the young lawyer m
good stead before the bench and bar.

20

�Left, top to bottom: Professor Martin H.
Redish; the Easter b_unny visits a class in
Booth Hall; Professor Joyce A. Hughes.
Below: Professor Anthony A. D'Amato

21

�Curriculum
FIRST-YEAR COURSES
First Semester

COURSE
NAME

Required
Courses

CREDIT
HOURS

COURSE
NAME

Second Semester

CREDIT
HOURS

Contracts I .. . .. . ...... 3

Contracts II .. .. . . . .. . ... . . . . .. . .. 3

Torts I . .. .. ... .. .. ... . 3

Torts II . . ... . . . . .. . . . .. ..... . . .. . 3

Civil Procedure I .... ... 4
Criminal Law . .. ...... . 3

Property ... . .. . . . ...... . ........ . 4

Legal Writing .. . ....... 2
Total first-year hours . .. 15

Legal Writing .. ... . . . . . .. .. . . . . ... 2

Perspective Elective . . .... ... ...... . 3
American Legal History
English Legal History
International Law
Law and Social Change
Law and Social Order

15

The School reserves the right to withdraw or modify the course of instruction
at any time. Not all of the offerings listed are given in any one academic year.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR
OFFERINGS
(Listed in alphabetical order)

Accounting, Law and
Course (2 hours)

Recognizing the need for a general knowledge of accounting principles in today's
legal practice, this course is designed to provide a general und erstanding of accounting
for those students who have not had collegelevel courses in accounting.

Administrative Law
Course (3 hours)

A general introduction to the legal problems
of the administrative process in both federal
and state governments. Topics of study include the constitutional framework within
which the administrative agencies operate,
the role of administrative discretion in the
development of public policy, the administrative interpretation of statutes, investigatory
and fact-finding processes of administrative
agencies, the requirements of fair hearings,

22

�and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions.

Admiralty
Course (3 hours)

The course examines general principles of
admiralty. The topics that are examined include jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage
of goods, salvage, general average, marine
insurance, claims of maritime workers, collision, and the limitation of liability.

American Legal History
Course (3 hours)

This course will explore the development of
the law's response to political, economic, intellectual , and social change in America.
Most of the materials will focus on the
"formative" or "Golden Age" of American
law, the period from the American Revolution to the Civil War, but there will be
frequent reference to the Colonial Period
and to the Twentieth Century. The purpose
of the course is to introduce the student to
certain common transformations in the law
of crimes , contracts, torts, property, and
corporations. The aim is to provide a synthetic perspective normally unavailable in
more specialized courses.

American Legal History: Advanced
Seminar (2 hours)

Students in the seminar will read and discuss works on the writing of legal history
and on selected topics of American legal
history. Each student will be responsible
for the research and writing of a paper on
a topic in American legal history of his or
her choice, but guidance from the instructor
will be available.

Antitrust Enforcement
Course (2 hours)

The course focuses on antitrust practice and
procedure with emphasis on public policy
goals and special problems of private enforcement, including issues of standing, damages, and scope of equitable relief available.
Prerequisite: Antitrust Law.

Antitrust Law
Course (4 hours)

History and policy of federal , state, and
foreign comparative law dealing with competition and monopoly. Areas of concern

include conspiracies in restraint of trade,
mergers, patents , copyrights and trademarks, monopoly, boycotts and the abuse
of economic power, distribution and franchise arrangements, exclusive dealing and
tying, unfair methods of competition, price
di scrimination , and resale price control.
Overlap and conflict with government and
private regul ation of economic activities, and
antitrust in foreign commerce are also examined . Also comparative study of Common Market and other foreign antitrust
laws. Corequisities: Administrative Law and
Corporations.

Antitrust Law and Policy
Seminar (2 hours)

Advanced study of selected areas of antitrust law and policy considerations and their
relation to the reg u I at ion of business is
undertaken in a seminar-format in order to
examine closely the conflicting theories and
alternative courses of action.

Banking Law
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar is concerned with the federal
regulation of national banks by the comptroller of the currency, the Federal Reserve
Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation . Primary emphasis will be
placed on the limitations and restrictions on
the lending activities of commercial banks,
with some comparative attention paid to the
role of thrift institutions.

Behavioral Science, Law and
Seminar (2 hours)

A writing seminar exploring behavioral science theory and research with a bearing on
I a w making. Emphasis is on evolutionary
biology as a predictor of human behavior.

Broadcasting, Regulation of
Course (2 hours)

An examination of the law covering the
broadcasting industry . The regulatory
scheme of the Federal Communications
Commission will provide the major focus for
attention, with emphasis on choice among
competing applicants, diversification of control of the media, the fairness and related
doctrines, and audience involvement in the
regul atory process. Attention also will be
given to related matters such as antitrust

23

�considerations and the regulations of CATV.
The course will highlight the pervasive tension between concerns of free speech and
regulation in the public interest, Corequisite:
Administrative Law.

Business Associations-Partnerships:
Advanced
Course (2 hours)

The course analyzes alternative forms of
business organizations with a special emphasis on the formation, operation, and dissolution of partnerships and limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a
sophisticated substitute for the corporate
form is explored. Prerequisite: Corporations.

Business Planning
Course (2 hours)

The course will examine advanced problems
in corporation finance, including corporate
organization , distributions, recapitalization,
and reorganization. Emphasis will be directed toward the problems of corporate
financing with concurrent examination of
problems in corporate, tax, and securities
law. Prerequisites: Corporations and Federal Corporate Income Tax.

Civil Procedure I
Course (4 hours)

This course is involved with structure and
organization of the federal and state judicial
systems, jurisdiction over the person and
subject matter, process and pleadings, parties, joinder of actions, pre-trial motion practice, inspection and discovery, division of
function between judge and jury, summary
judgment, post-trial motions, and appellate
review.

Civil Procedure II
Course (3 hours)

A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see the
description of Civil Procedure I, above. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I .

Civil Procedure: Advanced
Course (2 hours)

In this course there will be an in-depth exploration of Civil Procedure. Prerequisites:
Civil Procedure I and II.

Clinical Practice
Course (4 hours)

With the aid of historical information, this
course is designed to study the influence of
social, re Ii g i o us, political, and economic
ideas and institutions upon the development
of Anglo-American common law and of
Conti n ten ta! civ ii law. Problem areas
treated will deal with sources and movements in civil law, codes and precedent, and
the development of courts and of the legal
profession.

This offering is open to third-year students
who devote 12 hours per week to clinical
practice at the Northwestern Legal Clinic,
United States Attorney's Office, Better Government Association, or other agencies or
organizations approved by the Law School
for clinical practice. The student will receive training in counseling, interviewing,
litigation problems and techniques, and in
substantive and procedural law relevant to
the clinical program chosen. Students enrolled in the course are required to apply
for certification under Illinois Supreme Court
Rule 711 , the Illinois Student practice rule.
This rule allows third-year students, under
certain circumstances, to practice in the Illinois state courts.

Civil Liberties

Clinical Trial Advocacy

Civil Law
Seminar (2 hours)

Seminar (2 hours)

Course

This seminar involves an intensive study of
selected current problems relating to freedom of speech, press, association, and religion and s e par at ion of church and state.
Consideration will be given to underlying
philosophical conceptions, to comp a r ab I e
problems in other democratic societies, and
to international protection of human rights.
Prerequisite: Constitutional Law II.

This course is an introduction to trial advocacy and preparation of students for the
representation of clients in the Clinical Practice course . The student's skills will be developed and tested by presentation of solutions to trial problems at weekly class
sessions. The examination of witnesses, introduction of physical, documentary, and
other demonstrative evidence, presentation

(3

24

hours)

�and challenging of expert testimony, opening and closing arguments, and selection of
a jury are required by the trial problems. In
addition to regular weekly problem preparation and classroom presentation, each student will be responsible for the preparation
and trial of a civil or criminal case. These
complete mock trials will take place before
mock juries. The performance of the students in these "trials" will be judged and
reviewed by other students, faculty, practicing attorneys, and judges. Students will
also work on actual cases in the Legal Clinic,
and the problems will be derived from these
cases.

Commercial Paper
Course (3 hours)

Course coverage inc 1u des the law of the
money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and
drafts used to pay the price of goods and
services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution and
credit systems; the commanding rights of the
holder in due course; moderating effect of
the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding, and holding in due
course; rights and liabilities of the parties,
and of banks and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring
situations; allocation of losses among the
parties or their insurers resulting from forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected
problems in the check collection process.

Computers and the Law
Seminar (2 hours)

The procedural and substantive impact of
computer technology upon the law and legal
problems and opportunities arising in an increasingly computer-oriented society are examined. Topics discussed include contracting for computer needs; the legal implications of computerization of the securities
and banking industries; the use of computers
in the administration of government and the
impact of computers upon the democratic
processes; computer invasion of privacy; the
use of the computers in legal research; protection of software; introduction of computer generated evidence; and introduction to
computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of the computers in the practice of
law.

Members of the class will have an opportunity to produce a form will, complaints,
and the like using a prototype law office
computer system developed at Northwestern.

Conflict of Laws
Course (3 hours)

Topics that are covered in the course include theories and practice in choice of law;
constitutional control of choice of law, including full faith and credit to statutes and
state power to apply its law; and the peculiar problems of conflicts of law in the
fields of divorce and administration of
estates.

Constitutional Law I
Course (4 hours)

The course focuses on the judicial role in
constitutional interpretation; procedural
fundamentals of constitutional Ii tiga tion;
distribution of powers within the federal
government and between federal and state
governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political
freedoms, social privileges, and property
rights.

Constitutional Law II
Course (2 hours)

In the course the judicial role in the interpretation and securing of individual rights
is examined. Topics include theory and history of the first amendment; loyalty-security
programs; legislative investigations; assembly, picketing, and demonstrations; lobbying; judicial proceedings and disbarment;
defamation; obscenity; prior restraint, and
due process. Also studied are freedom of religion, private associations, and further examination of themes from Constitutional
Law I, including fundamental rights (privacy, travel, franchise) and their relation
to the Bill of Rights and the Due Process
Clause. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law I.

Constitutional Law: Advanced
Course (2 hours)

An in-depth examination into a number of
advanced problems in Fourteenth Amendment constitutional theory. Among the subjects addressed will be the state action limitation , the fundamentality of certain interests, the distinction between governmental
25

�burdens and governmental benefits, review of
the factual underpinnings of legislation, review of legislative motivation, Congress'
power under Section 5, the role of precedent,
and the "countermajoritarian" dilemma of
judicial review.

Constitutional Law, Advanced
Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar is designed to examine with
more intensity some of the pervasive problems of constitutional law to which the student has been introduced in the basic
courses. The topics to be selected will vary
and a good faith attempt will be made to
accommodate student interest. The dominant
principle of selection, however, will be the
thematic nature and analytical complexity
of the subject matter. Within that range,
priority will be given to issues prominent in
current litigation and discussion. Prerequisite: Constitutional Law II.

Consumer Protection, Credit Sales,
and Poverty
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar undertakes the examination
of the legal , economic, historical, and social
setting for the sale of consumer goods on
credit with particular emphasis on the legal
problems of the poor. The course examines
(1) the installment credit sale and loan
process and ( 2) legislative and judicial efforts to protect the consumer in various
stages of credit extension and collection
process. Specific subjects examined include
regulation of credit reporting, regulation of
credit terms and interest rates, truth in lending laws, prohibitions of discriminatory
practices and creditor collection, practices
and remedies, holder in due course doctrine,
and contractual waiver of defenses. The
Model co·nsumer Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the Report of the National Commission on Consumer Finance,
and other proposals for legal changes will
be considered.

Contracts II
Course (3 hours)

A continuation of Contracts I: see course
description of Con tracts I. Prerequisite:
Contracts I.

Contracts, Advanced Studies in
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar offers an opportunity to study
a particular problem area in contract and
commercial law and to write a paper on
that or some related problem. In 1981-82,
the focus will be remedies of the seller and
buyer under Article 2 of the UCC, with a
part i cu I a r emphasis on specific performance. The objective will be to evaluate these
remedies with an eye to possible revision of
the relevant sections of the Code.

Corporation Finance
Course (3 hours)

An examination of corporate financial matters, including corporate capital structure
and leverage, enterprise and securities valuation, the financial protection of security
holders and creditors, dividend policy and
regulations, and fairness and shareholder
protection in mergers and acquisitions. Pre requisites: Accounting and Corporations.

Corporation Law, Current Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

This course will focus on one or more topics
of current interest in corporation law. A
paper is required.

Corporations
Course

(3

hours)

The course will focus on the legal framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Applicable common law, statutory
(state and federal) and administrative rules
and procedures will be examined. Attention will be directed to problems of organization, dist rib u ti on of powers, corporate
governance, fiduciary relationships, the regulation of securities transactions, proxy
and reporting requirements, and the special
problems of close corporations.

Contracts I

Counseling, Negotiation, and Litigation

Course (3 hours)

Course (3 hours)

Introduction to the nature, functions, processes, and limitations of exchange, contract,
and contract law .

This course involves training in the techniques, tactics, and strategic considerations
involved in the litigation process from the

26

�initial client interview through pre-trial discovery. The course will focus on interviewing and counseling of clients, pleadings,
pre-trial motions , discovery, negotiations,
and the relationship between these aspects
of the litigation process. Class sessions will
consist of lectures, simulated problems, interviews of actual clients, and discussion of
selected problems in cases currently being
litigated at the Northwestern Legal Clinic.

Criminal Appellate Advocacy
Seminar (2 hours)

A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other
state and federal post-conviction remedies.
Prerequisite: Criminal Process or Police
Practices.

Criminal Evidence/ Criminal
Trial Practice
Seminar (2 hours)

An exploration of the trial processes of a
criminal case. The focus of this seminar is
upon the strategy and procedure in the trial
of a criminal jury case. Plea bargaining,
preparation of witnesses, the selection of a
jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of motion and preliminary hearings, arguments to the court and
jury, and sentencing procedures are among
the topics covered.

Criminal Law
Course (3 hours)

The course analyzes the concepts, sources,
classifications, and limitations of the criminal law. Areas of study include doctrines
of criminal responsibility and intent; the
role of the criminal law of harm vs. intent;
strict liability in crime; statutory construction in criminal codes; the law of homicide,
with special emphasis on felony murder and
manslaughter; limitations on the criminal
law imposed by the freedoms of speech, religion , assembly , and association, by the
rights to privacy, due process, and equal
protection of the laws, and by the prohibition of bills of attainder.

Criminal Law, Current Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

A consideration in depth of selected current
problems in the administration of criminal
justice. Materials to be announced.

Criminal Process-Formal Proceedings
Course (3 hours)

The course covers the formal proceedings
that make up the criminal process. After
consideration of the right of the indigent
within the criminal process, the course
moves through the entire process from judicial proceedings prior to trial to post-trial
proceedings. Such topics as grand jury and
indictment, competency to stand trial , disclosure and discovery, and guilty pleas are
studied . Standards for the establishment of
a reasonable doubt, the ethics of prosecution and defense, submission of the case to a
jury, trial motions. new trial motions, sentencing, and appeal are also considered.

Dangerous Products, Law of
Course (3 ·hours)

This course examines both the private law
and public regulation responses to product
and process hazards. About two-thirds of
the course is devoted to the common law
of "product 1i ab i 1it y ," with an intensive
examination of theories of liability and defense , the concept of defect, and problems
of proof. Material on oral contraceptives as
a paradigm case serves to introduce the other
part of the course, which is a survey of
several safety statutes. Topics covered in this
part of the course include regulations of food
safety both by the use of balancing tests
and through the much-debated " De 1an e y
Amendment" ; drug safety and efficacy;
motor vehicle safety; the Consumer Product
Safety Act. The course closes with an examination of two controversial policy problems illustrated by the area of drug safety:
human experimentation and self-medication
(e .g. , Laetrile).

Debtor-Creditor Relations
Course (3 hours)

A survey of the rights and duties of debtors
and creditors in such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, supplementary proceedings, executions
against persons and property, general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside
fraudulent conveyances; an outline of the
Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the provisions covering collection liquidation, distribution of a debtor's
estate, and the discharge of obligations; a

27

�comparison of the relative availability and
utility of alternative procedures judged from
the standpoint of debtors, creditors, and the
general public.

Deceptive Trade Practices
Course (3 hours)

An expioration of the wide variety of deceptive trade practices in the marketplace
for consumer goods and services, and an
evaluation of the common law, legislative,
and regulatory agency response to these
practices. The common law approaches to
problems of economic loss occasioned by
deception will be considered in detail. The
tort action of deceipt will be contrasted with
actions based on warranty, restitutionary,
and estoppel theories. The use of private
class actions for redress of consumer injury
will be explored as will recent developments
in governmental efforts to obtain consumer
redress. Consideration will be given to the
tort of unfair competition and to the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis will be placed on the activities of the
Federal Trade Commission in regulating unfair and deceptive advertising and sales practices. Detailed consideration will also be
given to numerous statutes and regulations
requiring sellers to disclose specific items of
information to consumers. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized;
students will work on pending or recently
completed litigation, rulemaking proceedings,
or legislative proposals.

Economic Analysis of the Law
Course (3 ho"rs)

An examination of recently proposed theories that attempt to explain common law and
statutory developments as the application of
basic economic rules and generalizations.
Contract, tort. criminal law, family law, and
other categories a re analyzed from an economic perspective.

Economic Regulation
Seminar (2 hours)

The goal of the seminar is to develop skills
in understanding and evaluating the legal
and political processes through which government deals with economic issues. How
are " problems" identified? How are substantive "solutions" and I e g a I frameworks
formulated and implemented? These ques-

tions will be examined empirically through
selected cases of government intervention
taken to modify the consequences of "perceived" market defects or failures. These
examples will be drawn from the areas of
administrative regulation and public enterprise, and possibly from such other forms
of intervention as tax incentives, direct payment subsidies, loan guarantee programs
and import barriers. Following two or three
introductory sessions , each student will concentrate on the supervised preparation of a
"case study" paper as a basis for concluding
reports and discussions. The seminar will
emphasize the use of legislative materials.

Economics, Law and
Seminar (2 hours)

An in-depth analysis of the law and economic theory. Prerequisite: Economic Analysis of the Law.

Education, Law and
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar will provide an analysis of the
statutory, constitutional, and public policy
considerations affecting the structure and
processes of education in the United States.
A major focus will be on the governance
of educational institutions in both public
and private sectors ; e.g., the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students.

Employment Discrimination
Course (2 hours)

A study of the law of employment discrimi-

nation , including such issues as race and sex
discrimination , standardized testing, affirmative action, and quotas.

English Legal History
Course

(3

hours)

Study of selected aspects of English legal
history, with primary emphasis on periods
when English legal history is also American
legal history, a phenomenon that continued
on a large scale into the 19th century.

Environmental Law
Course (3 hours)

A study of the policy and procedural
choices in volved in the application of legal
controls to uses of the human environment.
Attention is given to definition of the appro-

28

�priate scope of environmental concern; to
the economic impact of control; to the role
and weight to be accorded to scientific assessment of future or potential hazards; to
limitations imposed by the state of technology; and to the adequacy and efficacy of
various forms of governmental organization,
statutory schemes, and legal doctrines to
meet societal goals in this field. Problem
areas considered include hazards to health
(pesticides, radiation), allocation of scarce
resources (energy), preservation of threatened resources (wildlife species, wilderness),
and allocation of costs of preserving or improving environmental quality (air and water pollution, strip mining). Prerequisite:
Administrative Law or Regulated Industries.

Estate Planning
Seminar (2 hours)

Planning for the disposition of property during life and at death is analyzed, in detail,
taking into account principles from the fields
of decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, insurance, retirement benefits, real
estate transactions, and income gift and
estate taxation. Reasons for retaining property and increasing estate size are explored.
A problem approach is used with emphasis
upon tax and non-tax considerations in developing an appropriate estate plan and
drafting instruments. Prerequisites: Federal
Estate and Gift Taxation, Federal Individual
Income Tax, Estates and Trusts I.

Estates and Trusts I
Course (3 hours)

Coverage includes intestate succession; limits
on testamentary power; execution and revocation of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed;
contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination of trusts.

Estates and Trusts II
Course (3 hours)

Topics inc 1u de the legal consequences of
wills, trusts, and other dispositive documents,
with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving class gifts,
gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested
and contingent interests, powers of appointment, the rule against perpetuities and

changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration; charitable trusts. Estates and Trusts I, although not a prerequisite, provides helpful background material.

Ethics, Law and
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar focuses upon the relation of
morality to law: the nature of moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality, responsibility for behavior and strict liability,
and the obligation to resist immoral laws.

Evidence
Course (3 hours)

Areas of examination include the tests and
concepts of relevance, the hearsay rule and
its expectations, competency and examination of witnesses, admission and exclusion
of evidence, demonstrative evidence, writings, presumptions, and privileges.

Family Law
Course (3 hours)

This course examines the legal problems involved in the formation, maintenance, and
dissolution of the family. Emphasis is given
to the problems of family breakdown and
dissolution of marriage, intra-family economic rights, adoptions, illegitimacy, and
child custody.

Family Law II
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar will focus, in depth, on current issues of particular concern in the area
of family law. Such topics as an adopted
person's access to public records concerning
her/his birth, and the homosexual's right to
custody of his/her children have been explored. Prerequisite: Family Law.

Federal Jurisdiction
Course (2 hours)

The course covers the history of the federal
judicial system. structure and business of the
federal courts, nature of the federal judicial
function. diversity of citizenship, federal
questions, jurisdictional amount, removal
jurisdiction, law applicable in federal courts.

Food and Drug Law
Seminar (2 hours)

A survey of the content of federal and state
food, drug, and cosmetic laws, with em-

29

�phasis on the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and practical
problems associated with their application
and administration.

Foreign Law Seminar

achieve internationally-binding antitrust law.
Substantive and procedural American, EEC,
and other foreign antitrust law will be studied. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law.

International Law

Seminar (2 hours)

Course (3 hours)

The seminar will be offered by law teachers
from foreign countries on a visiting basis.
Such periodic visitors would be expected to
survey their own legal structures, as an advanced program in comparative law.

An introduction to international law from
a problem-oriented perspective. Students
will participate actively in four major hypothetical cases in the following issue areas;
human rights, international ecosystem, warpeace, and economic development. Traditional categories of international law will be
covered as part of the preparation for the
four-issue areas.

Insurance Law
Course (3 hours)

Basics of insurance law are examined including the principles of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various
types of insurance (the solicitation and sale
of insurance, authority of brokers and
agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk transferred from insured to
insurer and the definition and control of such
risk (coverage provisions, representation,
warranties, the doctrine of concealment,
etc.); recovery by insured nothwithstanding
contract terms (waivers, estoppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims;
and governmental regulations and sponsorship of insurance.

International Business Transactions
Seminar (2 hours)

An examination of the legal problems of
doing business abroad , including ( among
others) host country restrictions on foreign
investment and technology transfers, the
extra-territorial application of American antitrust and securities laws, foreign acquisition
of American real estate, and certain problems of American taxation of foreign corporations and non-resident aliens. Materials
to be announced.

International and Foreign Antitrust Law
Course (2 hours)

U.S. antitrust law. as it applies in foreign
trade and markets; foreign antitrust law,
with emphasis upon the European Common
Market (EEC) and some reference to national laws, such as those of the United
Kingdom, Western Germany, France, and
Japan ; international cooperation against cartels and restrictive practices; and efforts to

International Law, Private
Seminar (2 hours)

This course will consider the legal problems
of individuals, corporations, and other legal
entities engaged in activities across national
boundaries, including such areas as the extraterritorial reach of national legislation;
host country restrictions on foreign investment, foreign licensing, and other transnational economic activity; expropriations;
and transnational adjudication and enforcement of foreign judgments. The course will
also consider such basic elements of international legal problems as the role of treaties
and the powers of the various branches of
the federal government.

International Protection of Human Rights
Seminar (2 hours)

A comparative study of international institutions and techniques for protecting individual rights. Focus will be placed on
recent experience under the European Convention on Human Rights, the Inter-American System for Protection of Human
Rights, and the United Nations Organs for
the Protection of Human Rights. Constitutional problems involved in United States
adherence to international conventions for
the protection of human rights will also be
examined.

International Trade
Course (3 hours)

The first part of the course will examine the
major aspects of international transactions
involving the sale of goods, including the
most common types of export-import con30

�tracts; some problems of carriage of goods,
principally by sea; the use of letters of credit to finance sales; and international commercial arbitration. This part will conclude
by examining efforts to unify the law of
commercial transactions on an international
basis. The second part of the course will
consider the governmental trade controls
imposed by the United States on such transactions, including export licensing, tariffs,
and the various provisions designed to protect American business against such forms
of "unfair" foreign competition as dumping
and export subsidies. International arrangements which tend to limit the ability of national governments to control international
trade, such as bilateral treaties and the
GA TT, also will be considered .

International Travel, Law of
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar will consider the various legal
consequences of emigration, immigration,
and other aspects of int er nation al travel.
Emphasis will be placed upon the Immigration and Nationality Act, and will include
discussion of citizenship, naturalization, deportation, and admission of aliens to the
United States. The seminar will also discuss
regulation of aliens, international extradition and the concept of a right to international travel.

Jurisprudence
Course (3 hours)

Current legal philosophy will be examined
to sharpen analytical and theoretical skills.
Every case can be viewed as conflict in
statutory or precedent interpretation between narrow literalness and broad purposefulness . The course will focus upon this
positivist vs. naturalist duality, the aim
being to recognize in which mode one's adversary position lies and to use the appropriate legal theory heuristically to improve
argumentative efficacy.

Juvenile Law
Seminar (2 hours)

An examination and analysis of law relating
to juveniles both in court ( waiver of jurisdiction, delinquency, minor in need of supervision, and neglect and dependency proceedings) and out of court in the context of
schools, institutions, and the home.

Labor Arbitration
Seminar (2 hours)

An examination of selected arbitration decisions and current problems in arbitration.
Students will write decisions based on transcripts of act u a 1 arbitration proceedings,
take part in a mock hearing, and have the
opportunity to see an actual hearing. Prerequisite: Labor Law.

Labor Law
Course (3 hours)

An examination of the legal framework for
the establishment of the terms and conditions of employment through collective bargaining. The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative, and judicial power in
the collective bargaining process and in the
resolution of industrial conflict will be
studied.

Labor Law, Advanced Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

The subject matter of this seminar will vary
from year to year. In 1981, it dealt with
public sector labor law, and it is possible
that the same area will be covered in 1982.
Other subjects being considered for possible
inclusion in 1982 are labor negotiation techniques, techniques of dispute resolution, the
relationship between the individual and the
union, labor policy, and labor relations.

Labor Law: Public Sector
Seminar (2 hours)

Legal and public po 1icy issues posed by
public sector collective bargaining are analyzed . In addition to examining in detail
the legal and statutory basis for collective
bargaining in the public sector, this course
will explore the practical ramification of
collective bargaining on public administration. The various policy issues in such areas
as unit determination, scope of bargaining,
union security, and impasse resolution will
be examined and the alternative approaches
discussed . Prerequisite: Labor Law.

Labor Law, Selected Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar focuses on a selected problem
of labor relations, e.g., sex discrimination in
employment, individual rights vs. collected
interests. The topic varies from year to year

31

�and will be announced by the instructor at
the beginning of the semester.

Land Use, Public and Private Control of
Course (3 hours)

A survey of the devices available both in
private and in public law to control the use
of land. On the private law side, consensual
arrangements (easements, covenants, and
the like) are analyzed in some depth and
are compared briefly with tort devices
(nuisance and trespass). On the public law
side, emphasis is upon zoning and subdivision control, with some comparative treatment of pollution control. These various
approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related
factual situations-rather than doctrinally.
Prerequisite: Real Estate Transactions.

Legal Ethics
Course (2 hours)

An examination of some of the ethical problems encountered in individual practice and
issues facing the profession as a whole. The
course will cover topics such as representing conflicting interests, preserving client
confidentiality, corporate lawyers' responsibility, obligation to represent an unpopular
client, access to legal services, representing
poor clients, advertising, admission to the
bar, discipline, and the application of the
Code of Professional Responsibility to those
problems.

The Legal Profession
Seminar (2 hours)

A systematic analysis of the structure of the
legal profession. Attention will be given to
the effects on lawyers' careers of their social origins, ethnicities and law school training, to the differentiation of the profession
into separate specialty bars, and to the effects of these on patterns of delivery of
legal services to different sorts of clients.

Legal Writing
Course (4 hours)

The first semester's work consists of instruction in legal problem solving, use of research
tools, and in the writing of several legal
memoranda. Instruction is given in small
section meetings and in individual conferences. The second semester's work consists

primarily of brief writing and of oral argument of appellate cases that raise issues of
current legal interest and importance. Each
student will argue before the Supreme Court
of Northwestern with practicing attorneys
and members of the faculty on the bench.

Legislative Process
Course (3 hours)

An examination of the law of legislatures
and of legislation. Primary emphasis will
be placed on problems of interpretation of
statutes, the role of legislative purpose and
the use of legislative history in ascertaining
that purpose. Other problems to be addressed as time permits include constitutional
limits on the types of things legislatures can
do, discipline of members and nonmembers,
the role of committees and of lobbyists, and
legislative apportionment.

Patent and Copyright Law
Course (2 hours)

A study of the substantive law of patents
and copyrights and the relation of antitrust
policy to patent monopolies. The course is
structured for general law interest as well
as for students intending to specialize in intellectual property.

Police Practices and Exclusionary
Principles
Course (3 hours)

The course includes a study of the law of
a rrest, search and seizure, interrogation,
eyewitness identification procedures, and
electronic surveillance and treatment of the
exclusion from evidence of illegally obtained data and subsidiary principles related
to the administration of exclusionary rule.

Property
Course (4 hours)

Introduction to the Jaw of real property.
Areas of examination include historical
background; basic property concepts; the
creation of possessory interests in fee, fee
tail, and for life and the legal incidents of
each; landlord and tenant, with special emphasis on contemporary problems; creation
and incidents of future interests at common
law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests; concurrent interests.
32

�Psychiatry, Law and
Seminar (2 hours)

The initial phase of the seminar, which is
offered in conjunction with the Medical
School's department of psychiatry, will be
devoted to a study of psychiatric disorders,
their etiology and treatment. In the second
phase, the focus will shift to selected legalpsychiatric problems in criminal law and
hospitalization of the mentally ill.

Real Estate Development
Course (2 hours)

The course comprises an examination of
legal issues involved in structuring various
types of real estate developments, including
cooperatives, condominiums, planned unit
developments, new towns, and shopping
centers. Alternative financing techniques
will be compared and contrasted, with consideration given to the federal government's
role in the mortgage market. The rights,
obligations, and remedies of lender, contractor, and developer will be discussed. Prerequisite: Real Estate Transactions.

Real Estate Investment
Seminar (2 hours)

The seminar is an examination, principally
from the viewpoint of the investor-developer
and his attorney, of the real estate decision
making process. By utilization of the case
method-studying several selected actual
real estate problems-the course strives to
develop risk sensitivity and an in-depth
understanding of the real estate business.

Real Estate Transactions
Course

(3

hours)

An analysis of the basic elements of land
transfer and finance: the real estate sales
contract; problems arising during the executory period; conveyancing; recording and
registration of land ti ties; title insurance;
mortgages; the installment land contract and
other mortgage substitutes; priorities; the
effect of assignments. Also, the posture and
role of the professionals likely involved:
the broker, the institutional lender, the developer, and the lawyer.

Regulated Industries
Course (3 hours)

For the purpose of this course, "Regulated
Industries" is defined to cover those sectors

of the economy in which administrative regulation has significantly displaced competition
and antitrust regulation in determining
price, output and industry structure. The
course will examine critically the underlying
assumptions and substantive rules applicable to "natural monopolies" and "regulated
competition." Current trends toward reduced
administrative regulation will be considered.
The quasi-public status of regulated sectors
of the economy will be considered, as reflected in the system of internal cross subsidies and other specially imposed welfare
obligations. A critical examination will be
made of the judicial accommodation of conflicts between administrative and antitrust
regulation from the standpoint of the
achievement of their common economic
goals.

Sales and Sales Financing
Course (3 hours)

The focus will be on contracts for the sale
of goods under Article 2 of the UCC and
the creation and perfection of security interests in goods under Article 9 of the UCC.
Stress will be placed upon problems in the
creation, performance and enforcement of
contracts for sale and the use of goods as
co 11 ate r a 1 in credit transactions, including
the nature and importance of recurring
transactions, proper Code methodology, the
role of the attorney as a planner and the
overlap of the Code with other legislation,
such as the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act
and the Bankruptcy Reform Act. The course
complements courses in secured transactions,
commercial paper and consumer protection.

Science and the Legal System
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar deals with a series of related
issues posed by the legal system's efforts to
control the hazards, while preserving the
benefits, of modern technology. The subject
matter includes definition of science as an
enterprise; exploration of the concept of experimentation; investigation of the issue of
when the law is justified in interfering with
individual choice in matters of person a 1
safety (e.g., the self-medication problem).
The seminar will treat numerous discrete
topics as case histories presenting legal issues in the control of science and technology. Among these problems, some of which

33

�may be discussed by students reporting on
research for papers, are regulation of prescription drugs; industrial pollutants; biochemical research ; nuclear waste disposal;
radiation hazards in consumer products; the
problem of "whistle-blowing" in government
and industry.

Scientific Evidence
Course (2 hours)

The course focuses on the technical and legal
aspects of scientific aids in the preparation
and trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers.

Secured Transactions
Course

(3

hours)

The course covers secured financing of commercial and consumer goods with special
reference to transactions in motor vehicles,
fixtures, inventory, and receivables; consignments, equipment, leasing, and field warehousing; security interests in proceeds of the
collateral and after-acquired property; priorities, with de ta i I e d consideration of the
priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course, and the
federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be
given to the problems of the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act.

Securities Regulation
Course (3 hours)

Areas of study in the course include an indepth analysis of regulation of distribution
of securities under the Securities Act of
1933, advanced consideration of securities
law civil liabilities, and treatment of regulation of broker-dealers under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934. Prerequisite: Corporations.

Securities Regulation: Advanced
Seminar (2 hours)

The securities industry, including regulation
of investment companies, the role of selfregulatory organizations and the proposed
national market system will be analyzed.
Special attention will be given to the role
of attorneys and accountants under the federal securities laws . Prerequisites: Corporations and Securities Regulation.

Securities Regulation, Advanced
Problems in
Seminar (2 hours)

Advanced problems in secunt1es regulation,
to be selected by the instructor and analyzed
in depth.

Senior Research
Senior Research may be taken by third-year
students for 4 to 12 credit hours in one or
two semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit
in the first semester taken) in any field of
study upon agreement with the supervising
professor, subject to the rules governing the
program which are available from the Registrar's Office or the Director of Research.

Social Change, Law and
Course (3 hours)

An examination of the relationship between
legal institutions ( primarily the courts, but
also the legislature and administrative agencies) and social change in the United States.
Emphasis will be given to "litigation campaigns," which seek to use the courts to
bring about social change. The substantive
areas which will be used to illustrate these
relationships include several in which there
has been substantial legal and social change
in the recent past, including equal educational opportunity, welfare, women's rights,
and the environment.

Social Order, Law and
Course (3 hours)

A survey of relationships between the legal
and social orders. Consideration will be
given both to the legal order as an affirmative instrument of social, political, and economic change and to the processes through
which the legal order accommodates to
such ch an g e. Specific illustrations of the
role of the legal order in balancing the elements of progress and stability will also be
examined.

State and Local Government
Course (3 hours)

Topics will be chosen from the field of state
and local government with special emphasis
on intergovernmental issues and problems
of metropolitan areas, with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts.
34

�Tax, Advanced Problems in Corporate

Taxation of Foreign Income

Seminar (2 hours)

Course (2 hours)

Intensive examination of problems to which
the student has been introduced in the Federal Corporate Income Tax course. Topics
will be selected prim a r i 1y , but not exclusively, from the areas of tax free corporate
divisions; redemptions by related corporations; liquidation-reincorporations; net operating loss carryovers and carrybacks, and
acquisitions and sales of corporate businesses. Prerequisite: Federal Corporate Income Tax.

An examination of United States taxation
of the foreign source income of domestic
persons and corporations and of United
States taxation of non-resident aliens and
foreign corporations.

Tax, Federal Corporate Income
Course (3 hours)

The study of federal income taxation of
corporations and shareholders. Detailed
analysis of the tax implications under the
statute, administrative rulings, and case Jaw
of corporate reorganizations, the incorporation process and corporate distributions, including stock redemptions and liquidations.
The judge-made doctrines of continuity of
interest, business purpose and step transactions are examined in varied applications.
Prerequisites: A ccounti11g, Corporatio11s, and
Federal Income Tax.

Torts I
Course (3 houn)

Coverage includes protection of personality,
property, and relational interests against
physical , appropriational, and defamatory
harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract,
and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals , landowners, public service
companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, and
private and common caITiers; study of the
effects of modern socio-economic concepts
on the development of tort law and of the
operation of the judicial process as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases.

Torts II
Course (3 hours)

Tax, Federal Individual Income
Course (3 hours)

An introduction to the statute on federal income taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of ind iv id u a Is, family property arrangements, and common business and investment transactions; administrative and
judicial processes in resolving income tax
controversies.

Taxation, Federal Estate and Gift
Course (3 hours)

A study of the federal transfer tax system

that affects transfer of property during life
or at death. Special emphasis will be given
to the effects of the Revenue Act of 1978
as it amended the changes in estate and
gift taxation made by the Tax Reform Act
of 1976. The Unified Tax Credit, valuation
and basis problems, and marital and charitable deductions merit and also receive consideration.

A continuation of Torts I; see course description of Torts I.

Torts: Advanced
Course

(3

hours)

Tort theories and remedies concerning m1uries to trade, family, community, and political relations. Areas of study include common
law, unfair competition, boycotts, trademark
and trade name infringement, trade libel
and disparagement, misappropriation of
trade secrets, ideas. names, likenesses, history, and other values; and interference
with contractual re I at ions. Also wrongful
death and survival actions; actions against
third persons for damages due to injuries
suffered by other family members; actions
for "wrongful life"; mistreatment of ill and
deceased relatives; and actions for alienation
of affections. criminal conversation, seductio:i. and abduction are covered.
Also constitutional and common law cases
concerning defamation, libel, slander, and
35

�privacy; interference with rights of citizenship; abuse of power to arrest, misuse of
judicial process; and malicious prosecution.
Prerequisites: Torts I and II.

Trademarks, Trade Identity, and
Unfair Trade Practices
Course (2 hours)

The course examines the principles of the
common and statutory law protecting the
means for identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal
and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Also studied are deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial
disparagement, and regulation of unfair
trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others.

Trial Practice I
Course (2 hours)

An introduction to ligitation in which the
student, using tested hypothetical cases, prepares and participates in the selection of a
jury, opening statements, the direct and cross
examination of lay and expert witnesses,
and closing arguments. Discovery devices
will be discussed such as interrogatories,
requests for production of documents, subpoenas, depositions, and pre-trial orders.
Trial tactics and the use of motions will be
covered. The students will assume the roles
of counsel, witness, juror, and judge. Although the instructor will demonstrate from
time to time, the primary teaching mode
will be student participation with instructor
cntlque. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I
and Evidence.

Trial Practice II
Course (1 hour)

The students, with some faculty supervision,
will prepare and try one complete case before a judge of the Circuit Court of Cook
County. The trials will be held in the Civic
Center on two Saturdays, and each trial will
be completed on one trial day. Each student will act as lead counsel in one trial and
as a witness in a second trial. The students
will appear from time to time before the
instructor, acting as a judge, on motion and

status calls. They will use such discovery
procedures and make such motions as they
deem necessary. The final trials will be
critiqued by the instructor and the presiding judge. A written trial brief will be required and/or jury instruction. Prerequisites:
Civil Procedure I, Evidence, and Trial Practice I.

Trial Practice I &amp; II
Course (3 hours)

This course combines Trial Practice I and
II, described above. It is a one semester
course utilizing a teaching team consisting
·of a team leader experienced in teaching
trial advocacy, a sitting judge, two experienced trial lawyers, and an administrative
assistant. The students perform as trial
counsel in each phase of the trial. Members of the teaching team give demonstration performances. Many of the student
performances are videotaped and reviewed
by a team member on an individual basis.
The students also prepare and try a complete case before a sitting judge and jury
in the Circuit Court of Cook County. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence.

United States Supreme Court
Litigation, Current
Seminar (2 hours)

This seminar concentrates on cases pending
in the United States Supreme Court during
the current term. These cases are examined
first on the basis of the lower court opinions
and the briefs of counsel filed in the Supreme Court. Cases are assigned to individual students for argument before the
seminar as a whole, sitting as the Court.
The cases are then discussed in "conference"
and tentatively decided by vote of the seminar; they are then assigned to individual
students for the writing of opinions which
are circulated to the seminar for final vote.
Writing credit may be obtained by suitable
revision of the opinions.

Urban Housing Problems
Seminar (2 hours)

An examination of the housing and related
community development problems of metropolitan areas and the relationship of the law
to those problems and their solution.
36

�Welfare Litigation
Course (2 hours)

An examination of the rapidly developing
law defining the rights and responsibilities
of welfare recipients and some problems of
equal protection and an interpretation of the
Soda! Security Act. Proposals for reform
of the welfare system and the extent to
which these may alter the substantive and
procedural problems also will be examined
against the background of the present law.

Women and the Law
Course (2 hours)

A consideration of the sex roles in contem-

porary society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated by doctrines of constitutional law, family law, labor law, property law, and the like. Emphasis will be
placed upon the societal contexts in which
doctrinal development occurred and in
which it operates today.

Office of Career Counseling and Placement

A student discusses a case with a Legal
Clinic attorney.
37

�Morton J. Horwitz, professor of law at
Harvard University, delivered the 1981
Rosenthal Lectures in Lincoln Hall.

Class of 1981 Convocation ceremony

38

�Endowments, Supplemental Programs,
Honors, and Prizes
In the total educational program of the
Law School, the formal course work
within the curriculum is supplemented by
a variety of additional offerings. Lectures
by distinguished scholars, jurists, and
statesmen from the United States and
abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the
regular courses and emphasize the broader public obligations of the profession. In
recognition of the Law School's role in
the life of the profession, the community,
and the nation, conferences are held
which bring together leaders of thought
and action for discussion of subjects of
major public importance. Through participation in these programs, students can
broaden their vision and develop the
sense of public responsibility which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar.
Many of these curricular supplements
are presented by the Law School as an
integral part of the general educational
program upon an occasional basis and
without special sponsorship. Others are
offered as part of established and continuing programs within the School. The
most notable of these continuing programs are described below.

THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES

The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which
is administered by the Law School, was

established in 1919 in memory of the
eminent and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the
support of significant research and scholarship. One of the principal programs
supported by the Foundation is the Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed
a position in the forefront of distinguished lecture programs in the legal
world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have delivered the annual lectures. Their publication in book form has
made notable, permanent contributions
to legal literature and scholarship.
Since 1927, scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices of
the Rosenthal Foundation.
The first lecturer was Sir William Searle
Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law
at Oxford University. His lectures were
published under the title Some Lessons
from Our Legal History by Macmillan.
Other lecturers:
In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice;
In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly
Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at
Shanghai and member of the Law Codification Commission of China. These lectures were published under the title "The
39

�Legal Systems of Old and New China, a
Comparison" in The Art of Law and
Other Essays Juridical and Literary by
the Commercial Press;
In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty
of Law of the University of Paris;
In 1934, Charles Warren, author of
The Supreme Court in United States History and numerous other historical works.
These lectures were published under the
title Bankruptcy in United States History
by Harvard University Press;
In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University;
In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate
Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. These lectures were published
under the title The Trial Judge by the
Foundation Press, Inc.;
In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of
Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The
Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation
Press, Inc.
In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure,
operation, and philosophy of the United
Nations was given by a group of learned
and distinguished men who had been intimately associated with the establishment
and devolpment of the United Nations.
The lectures were arranged and given
under the direction of the late Adlai E.
Stevenson, Class of 1926, later Umted
States Ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr.
Stevenson, another series of lectures was
given on subjects in the fields of International Relations and International Law.
In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture, "The Soviet
Union and International Law." Paul A.
Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three lectures, "On Understanding the Supreme
Court," published as a volume under that
title by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of
Law, University of Michigan, delivered

a series of lectures, "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published as a volume
under the title Unjust Enrichment, a
Comparative Analysis by Little, Brown
and Co.
In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General
Counsel, United Nations, delivered a
series of lectures, "World Law, World
Community, and the United Nations,"
published as a volume under the title
United Nations and World Community
by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District
of Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures, "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under the
title The Washington Lawyer by Little,
Brown and Co.
In 1952-53, the following lectures were
given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the
Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene
Pepin, Legal Director, International Civil
Aeronautics Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System" by
Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court of New Jersey; and
'The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H.
Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. A conference
was also held on the subject of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with
speakers including Walter V. Schaefer,
Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois,
and Herbert Wechsler, Professor of Law
at Columbia University.
In 1954, Adolf A. Berle Jr., Professor
of Law, Columbia University, delivered a
series of lectures, 'The 20th Century
Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace.
In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures, "Law and
Liberty in the Nineteenth Century," published as a volume under the title Law
and the Conditions of Freedom in the
Nineteenth Century United States by the
University of Wisconsin Press.
In 1955-56, lectures were given by
Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard

40

�University; Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the
United Nations; and John J. Parker,
Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
In 1956-57, the following lectures were
given: "The Individual and the Rule of
Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor of
Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by
A. E. Papale, Dean, School of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; and "Murder and the Principles of Punishment,"
by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University.
In 19 58, Leon Green, formerly Dean
of the Law School and Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures, "Tort Liability: Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims,"
published as a volume under the title
Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance
by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series
of lectures, "The Ideologies of Taxation,"
published as a volume under that title by
the Ronald Press.
In I 960, the Right Honorable Lord
Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of
the United Kingdom, delivered a series of
lectures on "The Law and Its Compass,"
published as a volume under that title by
the Northwestern University Press.
In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst,
a faculty member and former Dean of
the Law School, delivered a series of lectures, "The Nature of Private Contract,"
published as a volume under that title by
the Northwestern University Press.
In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike,
then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of
California, delivered a series of lectures,
"The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics: The
Religious and Ethical Vocation of the
Lawyer," published as a volume under
the title Beyond the Law by Doubleday
and Company, Inc.

In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of
Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered
a series of lectures, "Religion and American Constitutions," published as a v,olume
under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures, "The British
Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics, and Prospects,"
published as a volume under that title by
the Northwestern University Press.
In 1965, a series of lectures on the
general subject of "Perspectives on the
Court" offered three viewpoints on the
role of the Supreme Court of the United
States. Participants were Max Freedman,
distinguished journalist; William M.
Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at
Princeton University; and Eugene V.
Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at
Yale University. This series has been
published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1966, Justice Walter V.
Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois,
a member of the faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series of
lectures, "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines," published as a volume under the title The
Suspect and Society by the Northwestern
University Press.
In the fall of 1966, Justice Andre M.
Donner of the Court of Justice of the
European Communities delivered a series
of lectures, "The Role of the Lawyer in
the European Communities," published as
a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the
U. S. Court of Appeals for the District of
Columbia Circuit delivered a series of
lectures, "The Organization of Judicial
Power in the United States," published in
1969 by the Northwestern University
Press.
In I 968, Professor Harry W. Jones,
Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence, Co41

�lumbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures, "The Efficacy of
Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the
Georgetown University Law Center and
formerly Deputy Director of the U.S.
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency,
delivered a series of lectures, "General
Disarmament and World Law."
In 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D.,
1930), former Justice of the U . S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the
United Nations, presented a series of lectures, "The Supreme Court of the United
States: Some Reflections on Its Past,
Present and Future," published as a volume by the Northwestern University
Press.
In 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former
member of the Law School Faculty and
later United States Secretary of Labor,
presented a series of lectures, "Labor and
the Law."
In 197 3, a series of lectures was presented on the general subject "Perspectives on Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor, Professor of Law, Columbia
University; The Honorable Constance
Baker Motley, U . S. District Judge for
the Southern District of New York; and
James K. Feibleman, Professor of Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures
have been published as a single volume
by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1974, three lectures on the general
subject "Equitable Sharing of World Resources" were given by Oscar Schachter,
Director of Studies, United Nations Institute for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division ,
United Nations. The lectures have been
published by the Columbia University
Press.
In 1975, Ronald M. Dworkin, Professor of Jurisprudence at Oxford University, delivered a series of lectures on the
subject "What Is Law?"
In 1976, Jerome Alan Cohen, Professor of Law and Director of East Asian

Legal Studies at Harvard Law School,
lectured on the topic "Is There Law in
China?" The lectures will be published.
In 1977, Archibald Cox, Carl M. Loeb
University Professor at Harvard University Law School, lectured on "Constitutional Law under the Burger Court." One
lecture has been published in The Northwestern University Law Review.
In 1978, Willard H . Pedrick, Professor
of Law and founding Dean of Arizona
State University College of Law, lectured
on "Death Taxes and the Living." The
lectures have been published by Commerce Clearing House.
In 1979, Ian R. Macneil, Frank B.
Ingersoll Professor of Law at Cornell
Law School, lectured on "The New Social
Contract : An Inquiry into Modern Contractual Relations. " The lectures have
been published by the Yale University
Press.
In 198 I , Morton J. Horwitz, Professor
of Law at Harvard Law School, lectured
on "The Place of Justice Holmes in
American Legal Thought." The lectures
will be published.

THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION
PROGRAM The Charles Clarence

Linthicum Foundation was established in
the Law School in 1926 in memory of
Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a
member of the Law School faculty from
1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and development
of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time prizes have
been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and European authors for meritorious books and essays.
In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a
significant focus on interrelationships of
law, economics, and government. Among
the particular subject areas which have
been considered are antitrust, labor reltions, general economic and industrial or42

�ganization, administrative regulation, land
use, and European Common Market development.
Since 1948, projects sponsored by the
Linthicum Foundation have included
among their participants William L. Cary,
John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N.
Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai
E. Stevenson, Dennis Thompson, W. Willard Wirtz, and many other distinguished
scholars, jurists, and public officials. The
foundation also provides funds for research grants to faculty members.

OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS
Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A
trust established by the late Cranston
Spray, Class of 1923, and his widow,
Catharine Spray, provides income used
for stipends for students to conduct research in support of effective law enforcement.
Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest of more
than $250,000 from the estate of Edwin
Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds
which may be used for the support of research, special lectures, clinical training,
and other Law School programs and
needs.
Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of
Albert Kocourek, Professor on the Law
School faculty from 1907 to 1940 and
Professor Emeritus from 1940 until his
death in 1952, provides a fund of more
than $200,000, which, under the terms of
the will, is to be used to promote research and teaching in the field of legislation and to purchase books for the
library's jurisprudence collection.
Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest
of more than $100,000 under the will of
Warren B. Buckley, Class of 1913, provides funds which may be used to support various programs of the Law School.
William M. Trumbull Fund. A bequest
of approximately $160,000 by the late

William M. Trumbull, Class of 1941 and
Professor of Law from 1952 to 1965,
provides funds to be used in the discretion of the Dean for Law School purposes, such as special lectures, research,
library, Legal Clinic, and other programs
of the Law School.

Robert Childres Memorial Fund. A fund
has been established by faculty, students,
and alumni in memory of Robert Childres
who was a Professor of Law at Northwestern at the time of his death in 1976.
He had been a member of the faculty
since 1967. Because Professor Childres
was Director of Research and because he
was particularly interested in contracts,
sales, and related areas, income from the
Fund is used to support research in those
fields. Many alumni contribute to the
fund on an annual basis.
Joseph Buchwald Fund. A fund of approximately $9,000 has been established
by Charles Buchwald, in memory of his
father, to be used to install in any new
building of the Law School the wood
paneling, benches, desks, emblems, replicas, seals, and symbols of the law installed in the present buildings during
Dean Wigmore's era and to preserve
paintings, pictures, and other decorative
objects of the Law School.
Vilas M. Swan Fund. Income from a
bequest of $10,000 from the estate of
the late Vilas M. Swan, Class of 1920,
may be used for Law School purposes at
the discretion of the Dean.
Russell Baker Fund for Research in International Law and Business. The Russell
Baker Fund for Research in International
Law and Business was established in
November 1979 to honor the memory of
Russell Baker, founder of the international law firm of Baker &amp; McKenzie.
The Baker Fund was created through the
generosity of Andrew W. Brainerd '49,
a partner in Brainerd &amp; Bridges and a
long-time friend and former law partner
43

�of Mr. Baker. The Fund has grown
through contributions made by present
members of the Baker &amp; McKenzie firm.
Mr. Brainerd's initial gift to the fund was
$25,000.
Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund. The
Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund has been
established at Northwestern University
School of Law in memory of Ray Garrett, Jr. who was a teacher at the School
of Law, a chairman of the Securities and
Exchange Commission , and a member of
the Chicago law firm of Gardner, Carton
&amp; Douglas. The Fund will support scholarly research in the field of corporate and
securities law to which Mr. Garrett devoted his career and has en ab I e d the
School of Law to create "The Ray Garrett, Jr. Corporate and Securities Law
Institute," designed to provide an annual
in-depth examination of developments in
corporate and securities law. The Fund
was established through an initial gift by
Gardner, Carton &amp; Douglas, its partners
and associates. A committee of Mr. Garrett's friends and colleagues assisted in
seeking contributions to augment the
Fund.

LIBRARY ENDOWMENTS

In addition to a general University appropriation, the Law School Library is supported by many annual gifts from alumni
and friends and by a number of special
endowments.
The largest endowment funds for the
Library are the Gary Endownment Fund,
established in 1925 by Elbert H . Gary
(LLB ., 1867) , then chairman of the
United States Steel Corporation, and the
Norris E. Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E.
Crull (LLB., 1909).
In 1947, under the auspices of the Law
Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore F und was established. Barnet Hodes
(LLB., 1921) in 1960 established the
Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and
maintenance of a collection on local gov-

ernment. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg
(LLB., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M. Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A . Shapiro
Endowment Fund, established in 1968 ,
honors the memory of Judge Philip A.
Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court
of Cook County. Also in that year,
Walter H . Moses established the Adolph
Moses Endowment Fund.
For a number of years Paul W. Cutler
(J.D., 1931) annually has provided funds
to enrich the collection in fields such as
biography, history, political science, and
literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove.
In addition, Mr. Cutler provided funds in
honor of Professor James A. Rahl when
he was dean (1972-77) for development
of an especially fine collection on the
European Common Market and on international business law.
In 1970 a substantial bequest of Louis
Manierre established the George Manierre
Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H.
Adams increased the library's endowment
fund.
In 1971 , the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes
Millar Wigmore in memory of the late
Professor Robert Wyness Millar, a member of the Law faculty, 1915-42, and
Professor Emeritus, 1942-59. The income
from this fund is used for the purchase
of books.
The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided a major endowment in 1972,
known as the Edwin E. and Kitty M.
Perkins Library Fund, for the purchase
of books, materials, and equipment.
In 1974, under the will of Albert
Kocourek, a fund was established for the
purchase of books on jurisprudence. Professor Kocourek was a member of the
Law faculty, 1907-40, and Professor
Emeritus, 1940-52.
In 1975, a bequest of Walter W. Winget provided a major endowment for the
purchase of books on real property, wills,
and probate law. Mr. Winget received
his J.D. degree from Northwestern in
44

�1926 and practiced law for many years in
Peoria, Illinois.
In 1980, the library received a $550,000
grant from the Woods Charitable Fund,
Inc . to recatalog, reclassify and automate
the Law Library collection. The grant
will fund a five-year program designed
to achieve dramatic improvements in the
administration of the Law School's
400,000 volume collection, the tenth
largest academic collection in the United
States.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ENDOWMENTS In addition to funds
provided by the University and generous
annual gifts of alumni and others for
scholarship purposes in the Law School,
the following special scholarships and
awards are available to law students at
Northwestern :

George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund.
About $640,000 was bequeathed to the
School by Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in
memory of her husband, Judge George
L. Quilici. The income from this fund
and such part of the principal as may be
deemed appropriate is awarded to students selected by the Dean.
John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several students of exceptional promise and
ability may be designated each year as
Wigmore Scholars in memory of John
Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Law School
from 1901 until 1929, author of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one of
the profession's greatest scholars. The
scholarships are normally in the amount
of full tuition, and in special cases of
need they may include an additional grant
toward expenses.
Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. A
student of exceptional ability in each
class who has a goal of devoting his or
her life to public service is awarded a
Hardy Scholarship. The scholarships are
in memory of Clarion DeWitt Hardy, a

distinguished member of the faculty of
the School of Speech, and were originally
established by the late Owen L. Coon of
the Law School Class of 1919. After his
death in 1948, they were carried on until
1973 by the Owen L. Coon Foundation.
In recognition of the generous support
given the School by Mr. Coon and by
members of his family and of the Foundation board, the Law School decided in
1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships
as described above. In the selection of
Scholars, weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarships are normally in the amount of full
tuition and, in special cases of need, may
include an additional grant toward expenses.

Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C.
Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided
a fund of more than $100,000, the income from which is used for scholarships, fellowships, loans, or other financial assistance in the Law School. In
1976, Mr. Austin's partners in the firm of
Sidley &amp; Austin added $25 ,000 to the
principal of the fund in his honor. Recipients are selected by the Dean in consultation with an Advisory Committee,
taking into consideration scholarship, interest in and attitude toward the Law
School and University, conduct in and
out of class, and need.
Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald Deller established a trust of $10,000
to provide a scholarship in the memory
of his wife, Adele Rabino Deller of the
Class of 1923 , who was a great admirer
of John Henry Wigmore. Income from
the trust fund is to be used annually to
provide a scholarship for a needy and
worthy student whose studies include subjects relating to social welfare law.
Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund.
Students, faculty, and other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H.
Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from
the fund is used to provide scholarship
4S

�support for deserving minority group
students.
Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class of 1919
made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School
in 1966 to establish a fund in memory
of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income
from the fund is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students.
Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $7,000 given
by the late Anna Louise Raymond is
awarded annually to a student deserving
financi al assistance.
Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan
S. Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to
$ 17,000, the income to be expended annuall y for the purchase of books by needy
students for use in their class work .
Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954,
Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902
made a gift of $20,000 to establish a
fund , the income from which is applied
annu ally to aid one or more worthy students in the Law School who, but for
such aid, would be unable to obtain a
legal education. In 1964, the principal of
the fund was increased by a gift of
$10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts granted,
within the discretion of the Dean of the
Law School, are for the purpose of paying tuition and other expenses.
Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In
1974, the Chicago B_ar Foundation established a scholarsh~p fund for students at
Northwestern and other Chicago law
schools. The scholarships are to be
awarded to students with financial need
as selected by the Dean.
Class of 1952 Scholarship. The Class of
1952 makes an annual contribution to the
Law School to provide a full tuition
scholarship for a financially needy student of exceptional ability and promise.

Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income
from a fund established by the Class of
1954 is awarded annually to a student in
need of financial assistance.
David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts
by many friends and associates of David
Axelrod, Class of 1933, who died in
1976, have been used to begin a scholarship fund in his memory. Deserving students are to be selected for assistance by
the Dean on the basis of need.
David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the late David T.
Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to
students of character and ability in need
of financial assistance.
The Decalogue Society of Lawyers Scholarship Fund. In 1977, the Decalogue
Society of Lawyers gave $5,000 to endow
a scholarship in memory of the late
Richard G. Kahn of the Class of 1950.
The income is awarded annually to a
needy and worthy student selected by the
Director of Financial Aid.
Decalogue Society of Lawyers Scholarship
Fund. In memory of Oscar M. Nudelman, a past president of the society, dedicated worker in all community affairs
and a member of the Class of 1923 , the
income from this endowment is used to
provide a scholarship every year for a
deserving law student.
Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A
fund of $64,000 was established in 1972,
under the sponsorship of the John Henry
Wigmore Club, by friends and associates
of John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished service as Dean of the Law
School from 1957 to 1972. Income from
the fund is to be awarded annually to
provide scholarship assistance to a deserving student selected by the Dean of the
Law School.
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams,
46

�distinguished Chicago attorney and a
graduate student of the School of Law
(1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B.
Williams, established a tuition scholarship
to be awarded to a law student of high
character and ability in need of financial
assistance.
Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship Fund. The Edwin E . Perkins Foundation has made gifts totaling $145,000
to endow a fund, the income from which
is to be used, in the discretion of the
Dean, to provide scholarship assistance to
one or more deserving students.
Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From
the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the
will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded annually to a student
of character, ability, promise, and financial need.
Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship.
In October 1963, the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made
a contribution of $1,300 to the Law
School for the purpose of endowing a
scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter
Strassburger Jr. , a member of the Class
of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served
as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed
in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval Reserve.
The Federation has provided that the
income from the endowment should be
awarded annually to a deserving student
in the Law School who is a veteran of
the armed forces or the son or close relative of a veteran of the armed forces.
Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund.
From the income of a gift of Ernest U.
Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a
student who, from the standpoint of character, ability, promise, and financial need,
deserves financial assistance.
Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships.
The Farmers Insurance Group of Los
Angeles contributes an amount each year

for law scholarship purposes, based upon
the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company.
Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000 given in
memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his
widow, Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and
his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach Jr. is
awarded annually to a deserving student
from Illinois or Wisconsin who, but for
such aid, would not be able to pursue the
study of law. Judge Thompson served on
the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919
to 1928, was president of the Illinois and
Chicago Bar Associations, was a member
of the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively
interested in the Law School during much
of his distinguished career.
Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust
with a principal amount of $240,000 under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl
of the Class of 1912 provides an income
for the purpose of assisting students
throughout the period of their undergraduate and professional training. Preference
is given to applicants who have been
named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have maintained their
scholastic standing.
Frank C. Nicholas Scholarship Fund. In
1980, Frank C. Nicholas '52 created a
full-tuition scholarship at the School of
Law. The scholarship is awarded to a
student who has demonstrated a substantial measure of self-reliance in meeting
the costs of his/ her education. Selfreliance is determined by looking to an
individual's employment history, the percentage of educational expenses which
the individual has borne, outstanding financial obligations, and family circumstances. Any sign of entrepreneurial instinct, spirit or achievement shall be
regarded with particular favor in awarding a scholarship. The recipient of a
Frank C. Nicholas Scholarship must also
realize that he or she is the beneficiary

47

�of alumni support. In accepting such
support, the student also recognizes that
he or she also accepts a moral obligation
to continue this legacy for future generations of students.
Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In
memory of their father, Frederic R. De
Young, distinguished alumnus (LLB.
1897, LLD. 1927) and a member of the
Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to
1934, Herbert C. De Young and Ruth
De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.) have
established a scholarship through a gift
to the University of $10,000. The income
from this fund is awarded to a student
in the School of Law who is in need of
financial assistance and gives promise of
becoming a worthy and outstanding member of the bar of Illinois.
George A. Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts
by Mrs. George A. Basta totaling about
$21,000 have established a fund honoring her late husband, George A. Basta of
the Class of 1909. The income provides
scholarship assistance for deserving students selected by the Dean.
George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship
Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received from the estate of George Enfield
Frazer to endow a scholarship fund in
memory of the testator's late son, who
was a member of the Law School class
which entered in 1939.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship.
Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift
of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in
memory of her husband, a member of the
Class of 1916. Income from the gift provides scholarship support for a student
from Hawaii, selected by the Dean from
among those enrolled in the School. In
years when no award is made, income is
added to principal.
Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The
annual income from a trust fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used

to provide a scholarship for a worthy
student in the Law School.
Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $25,000 established by a bequest of the late Irene
V. McCormick, supplemented by gifts
from friends of Miss McCormick, is
awarded to needy students residing in
the Chicago area.
Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund. In
1979, Isidore Brown of the Class of 1915
established a fund at the School of Law to
provide scholarships for outstanding students who give promise of leadership and
are not in the top 10 percent of their Law
School class. Brown, senior partner in the
Chicago law firm of Brown, Dashow,
Arons and Doran, has been in general
practice for 66 years and was master in
chancery of the Circuit Court for 42
years. The Isidore Brown Scholarship
Fund was funded with an initial gift of
$100,000 by Judge Brown and his two
sons Roger and Howard.
Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $25,000 established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in
memory of her husband, Jacob Newman
of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually
to deserving students who, but for such
aid, would not be able to pursue law
study.
Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund.
Gifts of $37,000 by the Susan and Jerome Ettelson Foundation have provided
an endowment, the income from which is
to be used, in the discretion of the Dean,
to provide scholarships to students showing promise of academic excellence. Mr.
Ettelson is a member of the Class of
1941.
The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund.
The sum of $500 is awarded annually by
the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund,
Inc. to a worthy student in the Law
School who is in need of financial assistance.
48

�The Joan Carmell Matlaw Scholarship
Fund. In 1977 Dr. Ralph E. Matlaw
established a scholarship fund in memory
of his wife, Joan Carmell Matlaw of the
Class of 1951, for the purpose of awarding scholarship assistance to students who
have indicated special interest in areas of
law relating to medicine, including mental health and the delivery of medical
services. Mrs. Matlaw was chief counsel
and director of the Office of Legal Affairs
at Michael Reese Hospital and Medical
Center in Chicago and was one of the
principal authors of the Illinois Mental
Health Code in 1968.
John S. Lord Scholarship Fund. The Chicago law firm of Lord, Bissell &amp; Brook established a scholarship fund in memory
of their founding partner, John S. Lord.
Income from the initial gift of $25,000 is
used annually to provide scholarship assistance to a student showing outstanding
scholastic accomplishment.
Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The
income from a bequest of $50,000 by the
late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick
is, at the Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy
students.
L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income
from a fund of $75,000, given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded
annually to a student in the Law School
selected by the Dean.

Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000 contributed
by the alumni of the School is utilized as
a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student.
Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund.
The sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by
Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory of her
husband, the income from the fund to be
given as scholarships to students in the
School of Law in such amounts as the

President of the University or the Dean
of the School of Law may determine.
Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund
was established by friends of the late
Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925
to purchase books to be used each year
by a freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of
financial assistance who is selected by the
Dean.
Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the
late Orville Taylor is awarded to a deserving law· student.
Richard E. Powell Scholarship Fund. The
law firm of Isham, Lincoln &amp; Beale in
Chicago has established a fu 11 tuition
scholarship at the Law School in memory
of Richard E. Powell of the Class of 1957.
Mr. Powe II was a distinguished practitioner and a member of the Isham, Lincoln &amp; Beale firm. While a student at the
Law School, Mr. Powell served as editorin-chief of the Law Review. His academic
achievement was recognized by election
to the Order of the Coif, and his contribution to the School was evidenced by his
receipt of the Wigmore Key, awarded annually to a student deserving financial assistance.
Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School
of Law. From the income of a bequest
in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a
scholarship of $250 has been established
and is awarded annually.
Russell H. Matthias Sr. Endowment Fund.
Mr. Matthias, a senior partner in the Chicago law firm of Meyers and Matthias
and a 1932 Law School graduate, established an endowment with an initial gift
of securities valued in excess of $50,000.
The income is to provide scholarships for
one or more outstanding students each
year to assist them in meeting educational
expenses.
49

�Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment established by
the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau
Epsilon Rho is awarded annually to a
student in the Law School.
Thad M. Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund.
From the income from a bequest by the
late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of
1896, scholarship assistance is awarded
annually to a student of high character
and ability who needs financial assistance.
Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The
estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for a $50,000 bequest to endow a
scholarship fund at the School of Law.
The scholarship is a memorial to her
father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne of the
Class of 1866, whose father was the
founder of the Law School.
Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil
B. Day, a member of the Class of 1939,
in 1963 established in the Law School an
unrestricted trust as a tribute to his late
father, Virgil B. Day Sr. He has since
increased the fund to a principal of more
than $200,000. The Dean of the Law
School has directed that the income from
this unrestricted trust be used to provide
scholarships for qualified and needy students in the School.
Walter H. Moses Scholarship. Established
by the Chicago Bar Foundation in 1975
through a gift from Mrs. Walter H.
Moses in memory of her late husband,
who was a leading and highly respected
member of the Chicago Bar, the Walter
H. Moses Scholarship is awarded for a
consecutive three year period to the accredited law schools in the Chicago area
in rotation. For the period beginning in
1979 Northwestern University School of
Law will select an entering student to be
the recipient of the Moses Scholarship.
Ware Scholarship. The income from a
$10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to
establish a scholarship in memory of her
son, Lt. Manierre Barlow Ware, who was

killed in action October 12, 1918, in the
Argonne offensive, is available annually
to a student of high scholastic standing
and good character who is in need of
financial assistance to pursue the study
of law.
Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late
Wellington Walker is awarded annually
as a scholarship to a needy law student
who has been a resident of Chicago not
less than 10 years.

CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION Continuing Legal Education was

a part of the Law School program as
early as 1936 when Professor Fred E .
Inbau established the Short Course for
Prosecuting Attorneys. In 1957 he added
the Short Course for D efense Lawyers in
Criminal Cases. Both courses continue
today, having become annual programs
sponsored by the School of Law. Professor Inbau served as Course Director until
his retirement in 1978, and during his
tenure, the Short Courses established national reputations for the unique format
and high quality of their presentations.
In recent years, the Prosecutors' Course
has attracted as many as 550 and the Defense Course as many as 300 attorneys
from nearly every state and a number of
foreign countries.
Each program runs a full week, offering instruction in the trial and preparation of criminal cases. The courses provide a forum for exchange of information,
discussion of significant developments in
criminal law and procedure, and consideration of new methods of scientific investigation and proof. The faculty for
both Short Courses includes prosecutors,
_public defenders, private practitioners,
judges, law teachers, military lawyers,
and renowned scientific experts from
across the country.
In 1962, the Law School, in cooperation with the Illinois Institute for Con50

�tinuing Legal Education, established the
Annual Corporate Counsel Institute,
which is co-sponsored by the Committee
on Corporate Law Departments of the
American Bar Association's Section on
Corporation, Banking and Business Law,
the Committee on Corporate Law Departments of the Chicago Bar Association, and the Section on Corporate Law
Departments of the Illinois State Bar
Association . This two-day program reviews problems of current importance to
lawyers in corporate law departments and
in private corporate practice. The Institute, which is one of the nation's most
respected programs in corporate law,
draws 600 to 800 lawyers from all areas
of the United States.
Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners , lawyers within corporate law departments, government officials, law professors , and other experts in
the fields of antitrust, labor relations,
securities regulation, taxation, and other
areas of corporate practice. Proceedings
of the Institute are published.
Th e Ray Garrett, Jr. Corporate and
Securities Law lnstit111e has been made
possible through the establishment of The
Ray Garrett, Jr. Memorial Fund at
Northwestern University School of Law
in memory of Ray Garrett, Jr. , who was
a teacher at the School of Law, chairman
of the Securities and Exchange Commission, and a member of the Chicago law
firm of Gardner, Carton &amp; Douglas. The
Institute has been designed to provide an
annual in-depth examination of special
areas of corporate and securities law, and
the format reflects the scholarly interest
which marked Ray Garrett's career.
The first Institute was held in 1981 and
was entitled "'Standards for Regulating
Corporate Internal Affairs," Eleven
papers were presented by respected law
teachers, private practitioners, corporate
attorneys, and government officials. Following each presentation, two additional
Institute faculty members made comments on the papers, thus providing more

than one view on each subject. All of
the papers are published as a volume of
the Institute's proceedings.
Once a year, the National Institute for
Trial Advocacy (NITA) conducts at the
Law School a program designed to train
lawyers in the skills of effective trial advocacy. During the NIT A program, participants are divided into teams of 25
members who receive direction and guidance from outstanding trial lawyers and
judges who voluntarily devote their time
to training new lawyers.
The program is divided into two nineday sessions, and participants act u a 11 y
conduct a civil and criminal trial, alternately serving as witnesses and counsel.
NIT A, an outgrowth of the American
Bar Association's Section on Judicial Administration, is funded by the Law Enforcement Assistance Administration , the
Practicing Law Institute and other
organizations.
Students interested in attending a program should contact the Continuing Legal
Education office for further information .

CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS
AND POLICY RESEARCH. The

Center for Urban Affairs and Policy Research at Northwestern was established
in 1968 to promote interdisciplinary urban policy research and training. As a
university-wide research facility, it mobilizes teams of faculty, research associates,
graduate and undergraduate students, and
interested community participants to conduct scholarly studies on urban, suburban
and metropolitan policy issues. The Center does not offer courses or grant
degrees.
The Center's primary resource is an
interdisciplinary faculty committed to research aimed at identifying the basic
determinants of urban problems and
offering appropriate alternatives and
strategies for solving them. Nearly 60
Northwestern faculty members from 17
disciplines ( including all the social sciences, history, law, communication
51

�studies, management, education, civil engineering, art history and geography) are
affiliated with the Center. In addition to
their research projects, they participate
in Center-sponsored seminars, conferences , study groups and meetings with
Center research fellows.
Their research agenda includes inquiries into such issues as metropolitan housing and development, land use, health
care policy, urban crime, employment,
neighborhood development, community
organizations, impact of the mass media,
bureaucratic functioning , and urban
transportation . Funding for these projects
is provided by the University, foundations, government agencies, private corporations , and individual donors.
The Center also serves as a focal point
for most of the urban activities at Northwestern, sponsoring speakers, conferences
and colloquia, and staffing special courses
and conferences at the request of other
NU schools or departments. Many of its
faculty serve as advisers to the CAS urban studies program and as directors of
undergraduate field study programs.
It also has strong links to the community. Center faculty and students
participate in, consult with, and make
presentations to public and private groups,
agencies and institutions involved in urban change and public policy. Many of
the Center's research projects have involved cooperation with governmental
agencies and organizations from the local
to the international level.
The Ce.ote·r awards graduate research
fellowships to students who have completed their first year of graduate study
in many of the schools and departments
of the University. Applications are available beginning December 1 and are due
January 15. Decisions are announced
March 15 .
The administrative offices of the Center
are located at 2040 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60201. The Center publishes
research reports, a quarterly newsletter
and an annual report.

TRANSPORTATION CENTER The

Transportation Center is an interdisciplinary training, research, and service
organization at Northwestern University.
It investigates transportation issues
through a multidisciplinary program of
education and research which brings together scholars from the fields of economics, law, civil and industrial engineering, operations research, physics, and
management. Its goal is to provide graduates of high competence to business, industry, labor, and finance; to improve
understanding of fundamental issues
through skilled research; and to develop
and disseminate transportation knowledge
through conferences and publications and
the maintenance of an outstanding service
oriented reference library.

HONORS AND PRIZES
The Order of the Coif In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern. It has since become the recognized national honor society in legal
education with chapters, numbering more
than 45, established in most of the leading Jaw schools. The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually
elects from the senior class a number of
persons, not exceeding 10 percent of the
class who, on the basis of scholarship and
character, are deemed worthy of the
honor.
Wigmore Key Established in 1949-50,
the award is made by the Student Bar
Association to the member of the senior
class who has done most for the School
toward preserving its traditions. Selection
is made by the graduating class and the
faculty .
Lowden-Wigmore Prizes Income from a
fund established by the late Frank 0.
Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually
to provide prizes totaling approximately
$1,000. The prizes, awarded for ability to
marshal authorities, present arguments
effectively in written form, and speak
52

�lucidly and convincingly in public, go to
students for the best written contributions
to the Law Review, The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, and the Journal of International Law and Business
and to the finalists in the annual Julius H.
Miner Moot Court Competition.
Barnet and Scott Hodes Prize Income
from a fund of $15,000 established by
Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used to
provide two prizes for papers prepared
by students dealing with the Law of
Local Government. The first prize is approximately $400 and the second prize,
about $200. Each winner also receives a
certificate and a key.
Hyde Prize Income from a fund of
$1,800, the gift of the late Professor
Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not
more often than once in two years, under
such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law.
Harold D. Shapiro Prize A fund of
$5,000 was established in 1977 by Stephen B. Lemann of the New Orleans Bar
in honor of Harold D. Shapiro, Class of
1952 and Edward A. Harriman Lecturer
in the Law School. The income is used
to provide a prize to the best student in
the course in Business Planning, or other
such course which, in the Dean's judgment, most closely identifies with the interests of Mr. Shapiro.
Moot Court Plaque To recognize excellence in the skills of brief writing and
oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class has provided a plaque on
which is engraved each year the names of
the members of the winning team in the
Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque is on display in the
Law School.

Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition
Prizes of $250 and $ 100 are available
annually from the American Society of
Composers, Authors, and Publishers for
students at Northwestern who, in the
judgment of the Dean, have written the
best papers on any subject of Copyright
Law. The winning papers also are eligible for awards in the national competition conducted by ASCAP.
Illinois Bar Foundation Research Fellow
Program Annually $750 is awarded to
one or more third-year students who are
assisting a Law School professor on a research project. Nominations are made by
the Dean of the Law School.

Students in Chicago's St. Patrick's Day
parade

53

�Student Activities
In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled
classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the
Law School building by several outstanding
lawyers of the day, including Abraham
Lincoln.

-Recollections of an Alumnus, Class of 1860.

A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to
law students everywhere, says law students receive their education from their
classmates. Like many an old saw, the
observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of truth . Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student
continues professional preparation in
give-and-take discussion, corridor debate,
and friendly argument with colleagues.
The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality and vigor of its student body.
At Northwestern the entering student
becomes a member of a closely knit community of men and women , bound together by a common pursuit and by the
rich traditions of the Law School. The
student body is comparatively small , averaging approximately 525 students. The
modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of most courses
into two or more sections and the wide
range of electives offered after the first

year-promote wide acquaintance among
students.
The beginner is carefully chosen
through a policy of selective admission
designed to assure that every member of
the class is capable of legal study at the
highest and most challenging level. The
student's classmates are high-ranking
graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the United States and abroad.
Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a
wide variety of backgrounds. The typical
student body consists of men and women
from 40 states and eight or 10 foreign
countries. Two hundred colleges and universities are represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School. (See listing at
the back of the bulletin.) A variety of
undergraduate majors are included , and
many students have earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering the
Law School.
Law students tend to be individualistic
and venturesome, and a broad range of
opinion and experience is encompassed in
the student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School
combine to develop a mature, tolerant,
and broadened outlook in the individual
student. A healthy spirit of competition,
helpful in encouraging each student to
strive for excellence, complements the
54

�kind of comradeship and mutual respect
characteristic of the legal profession generally.

LEGAL PUBLICATIONS

The tradition in the legal world of accepting as
authoritative professional journals written, edited, and published by men and
women who have not yet achieved full
professional status is unique. Students at
Northwestern are fortunate to have several regularly published scholarly journals available for student research, writing, and editing: the Black Law Journal,
The Journal of Criminal Law and Crim inology, the Northwestern Journal of
International Law and Business, and the
Northwestern University Law Review.
Selection for membership on a publication is at once a high honor, a great
responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity. Although there are many advantages, the true value of membership on
a legal publication lies in the sharpening
of legal research, writing, and editing
skills which are essential to the effective
practice of law.

BLACK LAW JOURNAL Founded in
spring 1971 at the University of California, Los Angeles, Law School, the Black
Law Journal is published three times a
year in cooperation with other participating law schools. From the first issue, The
Black Law Journal has addressed issues
of importance and concern to the black
community in single articles and symposia.
Northwestern students and faculty published an issue entitled "Organizing and
Advising Small Business Enterprises" in
spring 197 4. In 1978, under the direction of Professor Joyce A. Hughes, students at Northwestern University School
of Law published a special symposium
issue entitled "Toward A New Bill of
Rights." It is anticipated that Northwestern law students will produce future
issues.
THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY A quarterly pub-

lication with worldwide circulation, The
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology is generally recognized as the foremost publication of its kind. It is the
only student-edited law review published
in the United States which focuses on
criminal law and criminology and is one
of the few such professional publications
in the world. Founded by the late Dean
John Henry Wigmore in 1909, the Journal
has the third largest paid circulation
among law reviews.
The Journal publishes articles and student pieces on a wide range of topics including white-collar crime, constitutional
questions, international law, evidence, jurisdiction , and securities regulation. Members of the staff are thus exposed to
analysis and writing in all fields of the
law.
Membership on the Journal is one of
the highest honors bestowed upon Northwestern students. After completion of
their first year, a number of students are
invited by the board of editors of the
Journal to join the staff. Some are selected
on the basis of outstanding scholastic performance, and an additional group is
chosen on the basis of writing ability
demonstrated through participation in the
writing competition held during the second year. Those staff members who satisfactorily complete their duties are eligible for election to the board of editors.
The board of editors is responsible for
the solicitation, selection, and editing of
scholarly articles in the fields of criminal
law and criminology submitted for publication by judges, practicing attorneys,
professors, and other legal scholars. In
addition, the staff prepares and edits publishable student material.
The Journal affords each of its staff
members the opportunity to write and
publish articles. Student writing generally appears in either of two forms.
Approximately two-thirds of the staff
members write student comments in
which they give a complete and detailed
discussion of a single area in the criminal
55

�law. The other members write casenotes
in which they consider and interpret
Supreme Court and lower court decisions.
The casenotes are published in the special
winter issue, entitled the Supreme Court
Review, and give staff members the unusual opportunity to be published in their
second year of Law School.
NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND BUSINESS The Northwestern Journal of
International Law and Business is a semiannual legal publication devoted to the
analysis of the legal aspects of international business transactions. JI LB's editorial focus reflects the growing importance of private international law in the
world today.
Students invited to join the Northwestern Journal of International Law and
Business are among the most talented
members of the Law School community.
Approximately one-third of the staff is
chosen on the basis of first-year academic
performance, one-third on the basis of
an application procedure, and one-third
on the basis of a writing competition
which is held at the beginning of the
student's second year. Membership is not
limited to those who intend to concentrate
their studies in the fields of international
law and business.
The education that takes place through
JILB membership is significant to anyone with a curiosity about the wider
world. All staff members are required to
write a casenote or comment of publishable quality, under the supervision of a
notes and comments editor. In addition,
second-year staff members perform many
of the technical tasks attendant to publishing an authoritative periodical, such
as proofreading and source and cite
checking. All of these tasks serve to
introduce students to the library's extensive international collection and help
them gain valuable experience.
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
LAW REVIEW One of the most re-

warding student activities at the Law
School is the publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of
the nation's leading professional journals.
The Law Review is circulated widely
among lawyers and judges and is often
cited in briefs and judicial opinions.
A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by
students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within five years of
the appearance of the first student journal in the nation. Publication was continued in 1906, after a 10-year suspension, under the title Illinois Law Review.
For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law schools
of the University of Chicago and the
University of Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students resumed full control,
and in 1952 the name was changed to
Northwestern University Law Review.
At the end of the first year of law
school, outstanding students are invited
to write commentary on legal problems
for publication and to carry on the research, editing, and related work of the
Law Review. Members of the staff are
selected on the basis of scholastic standing and the results of a writing competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law
School can bestow.
Law Review participation is hard work:
it requires the members to return several
weeks before school begins in the fall and
demands a major portion of their time
during the academic year. Participation
on the Law Review is both a demanding
and a rewarding experience.

JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT
COMPETITION To provide continuing practice and instruction in appellate
advocacy, the Arlyn Miner First-Year
Moot Court Program is supplemented by
the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for second-year students. The
program memorializes the late U.S. District Court Judge Julius H. Miner, Gradu56

�ate Law '45, and is supported by an endowment established by Mrs. Julius H.
Miner and family and friends. T he program is administered, under faculty
supervision, by third-year students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court
briefs and the presentation of oral arg uments before panels of judges and practicing attorneys. The cases typically raise
issues of current legal importance, more
complex and chal lenging than those
assigned in the reg ular first-year course.
The final argument is conducted before
the entire student body, customarily with
a panel of distinguished judges from the
federal and state court bench. Those who
have served as presiding judges for final
arguments include former Justices Arthur
J. Goldberg '30 and Potter Stewart; Justices Tom C . Clark, Thurgood Marshall,
John Paul Stevens '47, Byron R. White,
and William H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the United States; and
Chief Judge Thomas Fairchild of the
Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. The
Law School teams in the National Moot
Court Competition are chosen on the
basis of performance in the Miner Competition.

ARLYN MINER FIRST-YEAR
MOOT COURT PROGRAM The
briefing and oral argument program of
the first-year moot court course is known
as the Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot
Court Program, in memory of a daughter
of Mrs. Julius H. Miner and the late
Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner was especially interested in encouraging oral argument in appellate cases. An endowment,
provided by Mrs. Miner, her son Judson
and daughter-in-law Linda Miner, and
her daughter Leslie Miner, supports the
costs of administering the program. It is
hoped that this special recognition of
first-year Moot Court work will stimulate
students to continue in the advanced
Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition
in the second year.

RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS

Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as research assistants to individual members
of the faculty. These appointments carry
a modest stipend and are valued for the
opportunities they afford for close contact
with faculty members and for participation in the ongoing scholarly work and
publications of the faculty.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT: THE
STUDENT BAR ASSOCIATION

All students are members of the Student
Bar Association and through it contribute
to the educational and recreational programs of the Law School. SBA committees are responsible for many activities,
including the orientation program for
new students and the allocation of student
parking spaces. Students are able to serve
on faculty committees by recommendation of the SBA.
Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to the
School as part of the SBA Speakers Program, often meeting with students at coffee hours following their speeches. The
SBA placement committee plans programs which introduce students to the
various opportunities available in the
legal profession.
The SBA sponsors social and recreational programs throughout the . academic year. Social activities are planned
to reflect the interests of the student body.
One of the most successful programs has
been the Friday afternoon social hours,
where students meet informally with faculty and other members of the bar.
The Law School also is represented on
the Chicago Campus Council. The Council is a central student governance organization for the Chicago campus of Northwestern University. It addresses matters
of mutual concern to the various schools
and organizes campus-wide activities.
Orientation functions, sporting events, social gatherings, and a movie series are
among the numerous Council projects.
51

�LA ALIANZA Founded in the school

year 1975-76, La Alianza is composed of
Latino law students at Northwestern. Because of the various origins of the Latinos
at Northwestern, La Alianza is an experiment in the unifying of distinct geographic and cultural Latino groups. Few
law school campuses have such a varied
Latino community.
La Alianza members have contributed
to the educational and social environment
of the Law School. Consistently Latinos
have been active on the executive board
of the Student Bar Association. Recently,
Latinos at Northwestern have enjoyed
successes in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court and Phillip C. Jessup International
Moot Court competitions.
The main purpose of La Alianza is to
ensure the academic success of the Latino
law student while providing a forum for
cultural, political, and legal awareness.

BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION The Black Law Students As-

sociation serves as a forum for the
discussion of matters concerning black
students within the Law School. BLSA
promotes the discussion of legal issues
relevant to blacks and, whenever possible,
provides assistance and answers to such
issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly
express its position on events which significantly affect the black community.
BLSA objectives include increasing the
number of black attorneys in the United
States by encouraging interested blacks
to pursue a legal education, gaining greater minority representation on the faculty
and throughout the University, and helping the local black community. BLSA
cooperates with chapters at other Chicago law schools to achieve common
objectives.

DECALOGUE SOCIETY The Decalogue Society at Northwestern is one of
six Chicago area law school chapters
affiliated with the Decalogue Society of
Lawyers. The third largest bar associa-

tion in Illinois and the largest ethnic bar
association in the country, the Society's
purpose is to educate and inform its
members and the public concerning issues
that affect the legal and social status of
the community in general and the Jewish community in particular. The Decalogue Society chapter at Northwestern
sponsors a speakers program, and combined social and educational activities
with law students at other schools and
with the attorneys and judges from the
parent Decalogue Society. These activities provide opportunities to meet and
discuss career plans with practicing professionals.

INTERNATIONAL LAW SOCIETY

The International Law Society seeks to
maintain an awareness in the Law School
community of the various facets of international law. To further this purpose, the
Society often hosts the Midwest regional
round of the Phillip C. Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition;
sponsors speakers on topics such as foreign taxation, international terrorism,
and the general practice of international
law; prepares a directory of career opportunities in international law; and attempts
to evaluate, improve, and increase in
scope and number the courses offered at
the Law School in the area of international law.

JD-MM ASSOCIATION The JD-MM

Association, an extension of the joint JDMM Program offered at Northwestern,

consists of students who have undertaken
to earn both Master of Management and
Juris Doctor degrees by simultaneously
enrolling in the School of Law and the
J. L. Kellogg Graduate School of Management. Members of the Association elect
officers and hold meetings to discuss the
operations of the JD-MM Program in
such areas as career opportunity, registration procedure and course selection.
The Association annually sponsors career
seminars with the purpose of meeting
professionals in business and in law who
58

�have earned joint degrees and can share
similar experiences, and offer practical
guidelines for career considerations.

NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD

The National Lawyers Guild, established
in 1937, is a bar association which since
its founding has been in the forefront of
civil liberties, social justice, and labor litigation. The chapter founded in 1980-81
at Northwestern is one of four law school
chapters in Chicago. The Guild is open
to all students, charges no dues, and has
no hierarchy of officers. Northwestern's
chapter sponsors speakers and films in cooperation with other campus and community organizations. Each year the chapter
sponsors an Alternative Practice Conference to serve students who are interested
in public service law.

PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH
CONSORTIUM Through this organization , students who are interested in conducting research in the public interest area
are matched with public service organizations that have a need for research assistance.

STUDENT FUNDED PUBLIC INTEREST FELLOWSHIPS Founded

in 1978 by a group of law students, this
organization's goal is to increase summer
work opportunities for students who are
interested in public interest law. Since
some opportunities would be with groups
that do not have funds to pay summer
assistants, SFPIF annually awards five or
six fellowships to students who accept
non-paying or low-paying jobs. A ward
recipients are selected from a pool of
applicants I a r g e I y on the basis of the
value to the community of the jobs they
have found .
SFPIF's objectives are twofold: to
provide students with funds for summer
employment in the public interest where
such employment would otherwise be unavailable, and to provide qualified legal
assistance to worth w hi I e organizations
which could not otherwise afford it. Con-

tributions from the students, faculty , and
alumni have amounted to more than
$5 ,000 annually. SFPIF welcomes students who share the organization's objectives to become active in the organization.

STUDENT NEWSLETTER

Published weekly, the newsletter is a studentwritten newsletter distributed throughout
the school. It provides a forum for intraschool communication and serves as the
major source of Law School news. The
newsletter also has become a literary outlet for the creative talents of students,
with columns, short stories, cartoons, and
poetry appearing weekly.

TAX LAW SOCIETY

The Tax Law
Society serves as a forum for discussion
of tax law and practice. Through its outside speakers and discussions of current
issues in the tax field, the Society promotes an awareness of the many facets
of tax law. Membership is open to any
student interested in active participation.
Meetings are held weekly except during
examination periods.

WOMEN'S CAUCUS

The Women's
Caucus, an association of women in the
Law School, provides a forum for discussion of the concerns of women seeking a
legal education and of women employed
within ' the legal profession. Members also
participate in national conferences and
local organizations concerned with women's issues.
The Women's Caucus has been active
in sponsoring a "Woman in Law" career
day. The Extended Study Program,
which permits a small number of students to carry a lighter course load, was
recommended by the Women's Caucus
and adopted by the faculty.
Bimonthly meetings provide a forum
for discussion of ongoing projects and for
guest lecturers to present issues concerning women. The Caucus also works as a
support network for women in the Law
School.
59

�Admission To The School
''Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that
the School will commence with 50 students.
The tuition fees are to be $100 per year,"

-Letter from Henry Booth, first dean of the Law
School, to his wife, dated June 30, 1859.

Each year the Law School receives applications from every state in the United
States and from abroad. In recent years
there have been 18 or more applicants
for each of the 175 places in the entering class.
The admission policies of the School of
Law are based on consideration of the
whole person. Each application is considered by the Admissions Committee.
The Committee seeks to individualize the
admissions process and weighs a wide
variety of factors from which individual
decisions can be made. Among these factors are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to the legal profession.
Since its early years the Law School
has followed this policy of selective admission to preserve its character as a
cohesive academic community of moderate size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest order.
Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants who are capable of
successfully completing legal studies and
qualifying for the practice of law.

It is the policy of Northwestern University not to discriminate against any
individual on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, age, or handicap in matters of admission, employment,
housing, or services or in the educational
programs or activities which it operates,
in accordance with civil rights legislation.
The provost has responsibility for implementing this policy in academic and faculty areas. The senior vice president for
business and finance has this responsibility in the staff area; he also has responsibility for coordinating the University's
activities for accommodating the handicapped.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE

Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be
obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School
of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Students are admitted for classes beginning in the fall only. They must
have a bachelor's degree from an accredited college or university at the time of
initial registration in the School of Law.
Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form
with the Law School and by registering
with the Law School Data Assembly

60

�Service (LSDAS) of the Law School Admission Services, Box 2000, Newtown,
Pennsylvania 18940.
The student's LSDAS registration must
be supplemented by a transcript sent directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School,
for each college and university attended,
regardless of the ru.imber of hours of
credit received. (Exceptions to this requirement are noted in the LSDAS registration manual.) Except in unusual
cases, transcripts should not be supplied
until they include a record of three full
academic years, or the equivalent. If the
application is approved, the applicant
must supply directly to the Law School a
final transcript certifying the award of a
bachelor's degree. The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report
of the applicant's score on the Law School
Admission Test.
Northwestern University School of Law
joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's general
aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange to take the test,
administered by the Educational Testing
Service, is supplied with registration material for the test, which may be obtained
directly from Law School Admission
Services, Box 2000, Newtown , Pennsylvania 18940. The test may be taken
either before or after the Law School application and LSDAS matching form are
filed. An applicant for admission should
ordinarily plan to take the test as early as
June and no later than December preceding the year in which admission to law
school is sought. When the scores are
available, they will automatically be added
to the LSDAS file for the applicant.
LSDAS will provide Northwestern
University School of Law, as well as
other law schools to which the applicant
wishes to seek admission, with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the
Law School Admission Test score. A fee
for this service is paid by the applicant
directly to Law School Admission Serv-

ices. The full details of the LSDAS are
included in the LSAT/ LSDAS registration packet.
An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School, on forms furnished by Northwestern, recommendations
from at least two individuals, preferably
college or university instructors. Each
application submitted to the Law School
must also be accompanied by a non-refundable application fee of $25.

ADMISSION PROCESS

Applications
should be submitted as early as possible.
Early applicants enhance their chances
for an early_ decision. All applications
and supporting documents should be submitted by March 1. Any application completed after that date or any application
which is lacking supporting documents
on that date may, at the discretion of the
Committee on Admissions, be rejected
for that reason.
Applicants for financial assistance must
complete their applications by February
15. (See section on Tuition, Fees, and
Financial Aid.)
Applications are considered and acted
upon after all supporting information has
been received. Determinations are made
upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record, the Law School
Admission Test score, the required recommendations, and other submitted information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study.
Each application is considered carefully
and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in
particular fields and courses, and the
demands and influence of other activities
and personal circumstances are weighed
and taken into account.
Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he or she has
been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a deposit of $100 no
earlier than April 1 of the year of entrance. Upon registration, the deposit is
applied toward tuition and fees.
61

�No applicant previously enrolled in
another law school is admitted either as
a begining student or as a transfer student if he or she is ineligible to continue
study at that school.

VISITS TO THE SCHOOL

The
School we I comes visits by prospective
students. An applicant does not appear
for a personal interview as part of the
admissions dee is ion process, however,
unless invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions
are made by a faculty committee , an
evaluative interview with the associate
dean in charge of admissions would not
serve to communicate the special circumstances of an applicant to all those who
may consider the case. An applicant who
wishes to supply special information
should submit a written statement.
Conferences will be held with students
interested in additional information about
the Law School or about the admission
process. These informational interviews
should be by appointment, arranged in
advance by mail or telephone.

TRANSFER

The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law
school who wishes to become a candidate
for the degree of Juris Doctor from
Northwestern depends upon the applicant's achievements following one year of
law study and upon the factors which
control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the standard requires a highly creditable law school record .
Transfer applicants should submit the
standard application form following the
instructions contained therein with the
$25 application fee, transcripts from each
college and university attended, including
the law school from which transfer is
contemplated, and two recommendations
from former instructors, at least one of
whom is a law school instructor.
In addition the applicant must have
furnished an official copy of the Law

School Admission Test score, a statement
of law school class standing ( or other
basis fo r interpreting law school record) ,
and a statement of eligibility to continue
in his or her present law school.
Since the record of all law school work
completed must be submitted before a
transfer decision can be made, such decisions are not usually made until late
summer.
The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the allowance of advanced standing rest within the
discretion of the Dean of the School. In
no event is transfer credit given for law
school work in schools which are not
members of the Association of American
Law Schools or for courses in which the
student received a grade below C or its
equivalent.

VISITING STUDENT PROGRAM

Third-year students from other law
sch o o Is may apply for visiting student
status for one or two semesters. Status is
granted only in cases of compelling need
to be in the Chicago area. A letter of request, transcript of law school work, and
a letter from the de a n indicating good
standing and permission from their school
to attend Northwestern should be sent to
the Office of the Registrar.

EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM

Recognizing that heads of households
with small children have special family
obligations which cannot always be met
by the granting of financial aid, the Law
School has instituted an Extended Study
Program which allows participants to
complete the norm al three-year course of
legal study in four years.
A maximum of five Extended Study
Program students are admitted to each
first-year class. The program is open to
applicants of exceptional ability who have
special family obligations, such as the
care of preschool children or unusually
heavy financial commitments, which cannot be met by customary financial aid.

62

�Participating students are required to
register for at least 10 hours of course
work each semester. In order to complete the program within four calendar
years, students may either take more
than ten hours in some semesters or attend summer school, or both.

PRE-LEGAL STUDY

A bachelor's
degree from an accredited college or university is required for enrollment in the
Law School, but no specific fields of
major study or particular courses are prescribed. The purpose of the requirement
is to provide the prospective lawyer with
a sound liberal education for the discharge of his or her broader professional
responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school training. Since the
reach of the law's concerns may be as
wide as the range of human behavior, no
particular course of undergraduate study
is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law.
College curricula vary, the content of
courses bearing the same title may be
dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions
must be general. Courses in such fields
as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science
may help the student to understand the
structure of society and the problems of
social ordering with which the law is
concerned. Studies in philosophy and
literature may impart a familiarity with
the traditions of thought that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human behavior in courses in
psychology and its analysis through statistical method may also prove worthwhile.

In developing the skills of a lawyer,
the college student should pursue studies
that enhance the power to express oneself
with clarity and force. English, foreign
language courses, and public speaking
are recommended, as are other courses
in which written work of high quality is
demanded . For the systematic ordering
of abstractions and ideas, the physical,
natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested.
Apart from subject matter, the student
preparing for the study of law should take
courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in
the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline essential to success in law
school. He or she would be well-advised,
in addition, to pursue study in some definite field far enough to attain a mastery
of the subject. The typical student who
follows his or her own interests and tastes
is more likely to extend himself or herself and thereby to increase capacities for
law study.
It is perhaps advisable, however, for
the prospective law student to avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to
prepare one for other callings as they
may duplicate law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent
studying other fields.
In general, the undergraduate college
student is best advised not to try to prepare particularly and narrowly for law
school studies , but to prepare for life as
a lawyer by obtaining the best available
general education. He or she will find
that what is best for law school is also
the best in liberal education-a course
of study that develops the capacity for
understanding. for independent thought,
and for effective self-expression.

63

�Tuition, Fees, and Financial Aid
The cost of a year of law study varies
with the needs, habits, and circumstances
of the student. As a base from which
individual estimates may be drawn, the
sum of $12,600 approximates the minimum total expense for the 1981-82 academic year for the average unmarried
student residing in Law School housing.
Of this total, $7 ,720 is required for tuition and books. The remainder represents
the typical expenditure for room, board,
and personal needs.

Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and
students who have received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or
their equivalents and are in their first
semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates for a
graduate degree are classified as graduate
students. All other students are unclassified students.

TUITION

each semester ... .. . . .. . .. . . . . . $3,622.50

The student's total investment in legal education, although large
in absolute terms is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades of later professional life. Shortterm economies often prove wasteful in
the long run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every
effort to hold down the costs, but in the
same interests, it has refused to sacrifice
any of the elements of a legal education
of the highest quality. The cost of each
student's education is only partly coverered by his or her tuition payments. A
substantial ·t,ortion is paid from income
from endowments and from annual gifts
of alumni and friends of Northwestern .
Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree of

Tuition for the academic year 1981-82
Full tuition for candidates for the
J.D. degree,
Part-time tuition,

each credit hour ......... . .... . . $365.00

Auditor's fee,

each weekly class hour ..... . .. .. . $365 .00

Resident-in-Research fee,

each semester ... . ............... . $90.00

Full tuition for candidates for the
LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees,

each semester . ..... .. . . .... . .. $3,440.00
SUBSEQUENT YEARS Increases in tuition should
be anticipated for 1982-83 and for subsequent academic years.

Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M.
degrees who have done full-time graduate
work at this University for two semesters
are charged the Resident-in-Research fee
unless they take courses or seminars.
They are then charged at the rate of $365
per credit hour.
Unclassified students in residence who

64

�are neither taking courses or seminars
for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident-in-Research
fee.

FEES In addition to tuition, the following academic fees are charged:
Application fee . .. . . .. .. ........... $25

Not transferable; not refundable.

Late payment penalty fee .......... . . $50

ADVANCE DEPOSIT

An advance
deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission into the J.D.
program, including those granted financial
assistance. This deposit is applied as partial payment of tuition and fees but is not
refundable.

PAYMENT OF TUITION AND
FEES Tuition and fees are billed and

paid by semester, rather than for the full
academic year. Payments are due at the
beginning of the term upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration. The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor
of Abbott Hall, receives these payments.
Students with unpaid tuition bills and
fees shall not be allowed to register until
such bills and fees are paid. The regulations of the University require that a student's account be paid in full by the due
date specified on the bill. The Student
Finance Office will impose a late payment
penalty fee (late charge of $50) if any
part of the bill is not paid when due.
The Division of Student Finance, on
the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the
statements and makes all adjustments.

WITHDRAW AL AND REFUNDS

Official withdrawal forms are available
from the Registrar of the School of Law.
Students who withdraw before the end of
one-fourth of the term are liable for onefourth of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw after the first onefourth of the term and before the middle
of the term are held for one-half of the
tuition for the term. Students who with-

draw after the middle of the term are
held for full tuition. Regardless of the
time of withdrawal, students are liable
for all fees. In the case of exclusion for
nonpayment of tuition, the same charges
are made in accordance with the above
schedule. In all cases, either the date on
which the student withdrew from classes
and filed a written withdrawal notice with
the Registrar of the Law School or the
date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition.

REBATES

Information about rebates
for full-time faculty and staff, their
spouses, their dependent sons and daughters, and employees of Northwesternaffiliated institutions may be obtained at
the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall.
Applications must be filed with that office
before the student's first registration each
school year.

STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall , as an accommodation to students. There is no charge for this service,
and no interest is paid on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts not exceeding $50 may be cashed at the Cashier's Office by students who present their
University ID cards.

FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

Recognizing that many students are unable to pay
the full cost of their education, the School
of Law administers a comprehensive financial assistance program with the goal
of providing financial aid that will enable
any accepted student realistically to attend the School. The School of Law has
been successful in fulfilling its commitment to a policy of providing 100 percent of the student's need as computed
by our method of need analysis. Currently more than 70 percent of the students at the Law School receive some
form of financial assistance. Although
the School has substantial scholarship re65

�sources, the typical aid package is a combination of grant and loan funds. Northwestern University is a lender under the
Federally Insured Student Loan Program,
thereby providing the School of Law with
a plentiful supply of loan funds. Our loan
resources also include National Direct
Student Loans, University loans, and
interest-free University Short Term loans.
Although no student is required to work,
the School also offers various employment opportunities through a Work-Study
Program.

GAP SF AS PROCEDURE

The
School of Law is a participant in the
Graduate and Professional School Financial Aid Service (GAPSFAS). Each applicant for financial aid is required to
submit in full all information requested
on the GAPSFAS application form, including information from the applicant's
parents and spouse or spouse-to-be. No
decision will be made on a financial aid
request unless the GAPSFAS application
is complete in all sections.
In order to meet the February 15 deadline for the receipt of the GAPSFAS report at Northwestern, applicants are advised to send the form to GAPSFAS
during the first week of January. If, at
the time the form is completed, total
financial information is lacking, the applicant should provide an estimate of all unavailable data. Remember that both the
GAPSFAS report and the completed application for admission must be received
in the Admissions Office by February 15.
Accepted applicants whose GAPSF AS
reports reach the Admissions Office after
February 15 or whose applications for
admission are completed after that date
may be considered for loans, but probably will not be considered for scholarship
funds . GAPSFAS application forms will
be available in September of the year preceding the applicant's proposed entry into
law school. These forms can be obtained
on most college campuses or directly
from Graduate and Professional School

Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.

CONTINUING STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Although financial assistance is

awarded for a single year, the Law School
is committed to providing financial aid
for demonstrated need for the full period
of a student's enrollment. Continuing
students are requested to complete a new
GAPSFAS application form in the spring
of each year. Changes in circumstances
are noted and financial assistance adjusted
accordingly. Students who do not receive
financial aid in the first year of law study
are not precluded from seeking financial
assistance in their second or third year.
By the same token, students who receive
financial assistance in their first year,
may, because of significant increases in
their financial resources, be denied financial assistance in their second or third
year. Barring any significant changes in
a student's financial circumstances, the
Law School should be able to maintain
scholarship awards in the second and
third years at the same level of the initial
award. It is also possible that a student
who did not apply for aid during the first
year might qualify for scholarship assistance during his or her upperclass years.

SCHOLARSHIPS

The Law School
administers an extensive program of
scholarship assistance made available
through our endowed funds, gifts from
alumni and other friends of the Law
School, and an appropriation of general
scholarship funds of the University. A
detailed listing of these funds and gifts
from which most scholarships are assigned is found in the endowments section of this bulletin. To be considered
for scholarship aid, students need only to
file the GAPSFAS application and have
that report issued to our office by the
February 15 deadline.
Each year entering students showing
exceptional academic promise and ability
are awarded full tuition grants from the

66

�John Henry Wigmore and Clarion DeWitt
Hardy scholarship funds described more
fully in the endowments section. Designation as a Wigmore or Hardy Scholar
carries with it the unique opportunity to
spend the summer after the completion of
the first year of law study working with
a major city firm or public interest organization. While financial need is a factor
in the award of these full tuition scholarships, selection is not restricted to students who demonstrate financial need.
No formal application need be submitted
for these scholarship awards since the
selection of recipients rests with the Admissions Committee.

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY'S
FEDERALLY INSURED STUDENT
LOAN PROGRAM The Federally In-

sured Student Loan Program is an effort
on the part of Northwestern University
to assist the individual student in defraying part of the student's present educational costs. A graduate student is eligible
to borrow up to $5,000 annually with a
maximum level of indebtedness of
$25,000, inclusive of any amount borrowed as an undergraduate.
Through this program a student may
qualify for loans under the Guaranteed
Student Loan Program. Loans are insured by the federal government and, in
the case of death or total and permanent
disability, the loan is canceled. No cosigner or collateral is required.
For all students who are enrolled, the
federal government pays the interest.
Six months after graduation or the termination of the student's education, an
interest rate of 9 percent begins to accrue. A borrower may elect to defer the
payment of principal and interest during
service in the following areas: the military, Peace Corps, VISTA, U.S. Public
Health Service, or an internship required
to enter a profession. Should a borrower
involved in such activities begin repayment during the indentured period, the
federal government will pay the interest.

Two repayment options are available:
( 1) the conventional repayment plan of
equal installments or (2) a graduated
fixed schedule repayment plan for levels
of indebtedness of $4,000 or greater.
Each plan offers the following features:
A six-month grace period before repayment
begins after the student has terminated his
education.
A repayment period of up to 10 years with
a three-year extension in case of approved
deferral.
A deferred scholarship feature may be granted in special cases where the borrower bas
made a conscientious effort to meet his
repayment obligation during the normal repayment period plus an extension of three
years. The borrower must apply to have any
balance forgiven.
Note: Conditions of the loan are subject to
changes in federal law and regulations.

Additional information may be obtained through the Office of Admissions.

SHORT TERM LOAN PROGRAM

Interest-free 60-day loans are available to
any registered law student under the University's Short Term Student Loan Program. Students, after completing a brief
application, may receive immediate cash
in amounts up to a maximum of $150.
Further information may be obtained in
the Office of the Registrar.

Law School Loan Funds Among the
sources of Law School loan funds are the
Charles Shapiro and Morris Robert
Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger
Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law School Fund, the Edward P.
Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law
School Foundation Loan Funds.
In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes,
Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey,
Hodes and Mantynband made a gift of
$6,500 in honor of Mr. Hodes' 65th
birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students in need of financial assistance.
67

�Graduate Study and Degrees
The graduate program of the School of
Law has several objectives. One purpose
is to offer to recent law graduates who
have demonstrated superior proficiency
in the study of law as well as to active
practitioners an opportunity not only to
broaden their legal knowledge but also
to study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School also
desires to make its facilities available to
law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and
original research and writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program
is intended to provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity tq expand their knowledge of
American legal processes and to engage
in comparative legal research.

ADMISSION TO GRADUATE
STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY
FOR ADVANCED DEGREES The

admission of students who have been
awarded a first degree in law to graduate
study or to candidacy for the degree of
Master of Laws or Doctor of Juridical
Science is at the discretion of the Committee on Graduate Studies.
Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is not English have great difficulty in meeting the

requirements unless they have a good
command of written and spoken English.
Application forms and additional information may be secured by writing to:
Committee on Graduate Studies
Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611.

DEGREES

Two graduate degrees are
granted: the degree of Master of Laws
(LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of

Juridical Science (S.J.D.).

The degree of
Master of Laws is conferred upon students who have obtained a first degree in
law from this university or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual
cases, this requirement may be waived
by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the following requirements:

Master of Laws (LL.M.)

1. The completion of one academic year
of residence in this school, during which time
credit must be obtained for not less than 10
semester hours in courses or seminars not
previously counted toward the first degree in
law. Students who have not previously taken,
for their first degree in law, a course or
seminar in the general field of jurisprudence

68

�must include such work in their program.
Each graduate student's course program is
individually planned in relation to the student's choice of a thesis topic. To the extent
necessary to establish a background for the
research, the Graduate Committee may at
its discretion require a graduate student to
take course and seminar work in addition to
the minimum prescribed above. During their
year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship
record. A grade point average of ''B" classroom work is required for graduation.
2. The completion of a thorough study of
some approved legal topic and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The
candidate's thesis must be suitable for publication. The thesis is normally completed
during the academic year in residence; it
must be completed within two years from
the commencement of the academic year of
residence.
3. The passing of an oral examination to
be prescribed by the faculty,
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is
conferred upon students who have obtained the degree of Juris Doctor from
this or some other university or college
having equivalent requirements for that
degree or who have obtained the degree
of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose requirements for
that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School for the degree of
Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the
following requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year
of residence in this school. The time required for the completion of a candidate's
work, however, normally runs beyond the
period of residence required.
2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its designated committee. This study shall involve original research and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and literary
form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty,
a significant and scholarly contribution to
legal science. The study must be completed

within five years after the commencement of
the candidate's academic year of residence.
3. The completion of such other work, if
any, as may be directed by the Dean in the
particular case.
4. The passing of an oral examination to
be prescribed by the faculty.

Faculty policy restricts this degree to
candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching
law and who, through published writings,
have evidenced their capacity for advanced graduate work.

TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES

Full information concerning tuition and
fees for graduate study appears on preceding pages.
The expenses of an unmarried student
for the 1981 -82 academic year, including
books, board and room, and incidentals
(but excluding tuition and fees) are estimated at a minimum of $5,400, and an
increased amount should be anticipated
for 1982-83 and future years. More detailed and up to-date cost information is
available with the application for the
graduate program.
Accommodations for both married and
unmarried graduate students are available
on the University's Chicago campus.

GRADUATE FINANCIAL AID
Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships are
awarded on a competitive basis to foreign
applicants interested in any field of legal
study, including international legal studies. The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive basis to a United States applicant.
Each fellowship provides for the payment of tuition and fees plus $5,500 for
books and living expenses. The $5 ,500 is
paid to the student in 10 installments
starting September I.
Normally, fellowships are not awarded
to foreign students who already have
Fellowships.

69

�spent a year in this country in graduate
study. The fellowships are granted for
one year only and are not renewable.
Fellowships do not provide for travel
expenses. Students must make individual
travel arrangements . Successful fellowship applicants should bring sufficient
funds for personal expenses from the
time of arrival until September 1.
Brunson MacChesney Fund. In 1978,
Mrs. Ruth E. MacChesney established a
fund in memory of her late husband,
Brunson MacChesney, who taught at
Northwestern University Law School
from 1940 to 1977. The fund will provide supplemental support to needy and
worthy foreign and American students
who have indicated special interest in the
areas of international or comparative law.
Professor MacChesney, a nationally recognized expert in the field of international
and admiralty law, was instrumental in
bringing many foreign students to the
School. He served as president of the
American Society of International Law,
chairman of the ABA Section of International Law, and director of the School's
Graduate Studies Program.

Supreme Court Justice John Paul
Stevens '47 in the Law School library

70

�Placement and Alumni
"Old Northwestern!
That's where we learned our law."
-"The Counsellor's Chorus," John Henry Wigmore,
Dean 1901-29

At graduation the Northwestern law student joins the century-long procession of
School of Law alumni. A wide range of
professional career choices is available.
To assist the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in
economic terms and in self-realization
and contribution, the School maintains a
career counseling and placement office
administered by an associate dean and a
director. Beyond its service to current
graduates, the Placement Office also seeks
to place students nationwide with law
firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods and to assist in
placement of alumni who are seeking a
change of position.
Through general announcements to the
profession and specific inquiries, the
Placement Office gathers information on
professional opportunities and openings,
compiles complete listings of these opportunities, coordinates on-campus interviews, maintains files for the use of
prospective graduates, and posts announcements of new openings to keep
students' information current.
While there are many who practice
law, the demand for well-trained, able

lawyers has not diminished. The nsmg
level of starting salaries gives evidence
of the professional need. Each year, an
increasingly large number of law firms
from major cities throughout the United
States sends members of the firm to the
School to interview students. Government
agencies, corporations, and banks also
send representatives to the School to conduct on-campus interviews.
First-year students do not participate
in the fall on-campus interview process
because most employers do not recruit
first-year students until later in the year.
However, first-year students are encouraged to attend career programs in the fall
as an aid to their career decision-making
process. A special meeting for first-year
students is held in November to explain
the job search process and resume preparation so that interested individuals may
take advantage of the December-January
semester break to begin a search for summer legal employment.
Graduating students must make their
own choice from the array of professional
opportunities open to them. It is the function of the School's Placement Office to
assist students in exploring the possibilities and helping to arrange the necessary
contacts.
A majority of the School's alumni are
engaged in the private practice of law.
Some have chosen to remain in Chicago,
71

�while others have settled in cities and
towns throughout the United States. In
large firms and in individual practice,
Northwestern graduates rank as leaders
of the bar in every state in the nation
and in many foreign countries. In service
to their profession and their clients, they
have occupied the presidencies of the
American, state, and local bar associations.
Not all alumni elect to enter private
practice. Furthering a strong tradition of
public service, a number of graduates
accept positions in national, state, or local
government. Working with prosecuting
and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on
the staffs of government departments,
they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire wide experience
early in their professional lives. After a
period of government service, many enter
private practice, where their experience
in government is of great value. Others
make public service a career and attain
high public office, elective or appointive.
The roster of School alumni includes
past and present governors and United
States senators, cabinet members, department heads, United Nations representatives, diplomats, mayors, attorneys
general, prosecutors, legislators, and government advisers.
In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates have served with distinction on the
benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For interested students,
there are opportunities for clerkships with
justices and judges of the federal and
state courts.
Through the years, Northwestern, for
its size, has contributed more than its
share of the - nation's law teachers. Its
graduates have joined the faculties of
nearly all the major law schools in the
United States, and many have served as
deans, university presidents, and leaders
in other branches of education.
An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional practice is

offered the School of Law graduate interested in business, industry, and finance.
In increasing recognition of the values of
legal training, corporations, banks, and
companies in a wide range of enterprise
seek School of Law graduates not only
for their legal staffs but for executive
positions. Attractive starting salaries and
opportunities for advancement in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates of the
School. Alumni have risen to principal
executive posts in many of the nation's
largest corporations in fields such as
transportation, oil, retailing, insurance,
finance, public utilities, and manufacturing.

PLACEMENT STATISTICS

Recent
federal regulations require law schools
which participate in federal loan programs to make a good faith effort to
present prospective students with a complete and accurate statement about the
School, including statistics on placement.
The School of Law, in presenting these
statistics, does not do so with the intent
of influencing an applicant's choice of
schools, nor can the School make any
guarantees to future graduates as to type
of employment or starting salaries.
In reviewing this information, individuals should keep in mind that employment opportunities for graduating seniors
vary from year to year, depending to a
large extent on the job market and the
economy. Further, not all students use
the services of the Placement Office or
file a report with the office regarding their
employment.
During the I 980-81 academic year,
443 employers, representing 30 states and
the District of Columbia, conducted
more than 9,400 student interviews at the
School of Law. This was a significant
increase over previous years. In addition,
more than 435 other employers wrote the
School asking interested students to submit resumes. The employment of students
reporting to the Placement Office during
72

�the 1981 spring semester is broken down
into the following categories:
Private practice . . .. ... ... .. . ... . . . 79%
Corporations &amp; business concerns . ... 4%
Government/ public interest . . . . . . . . . 9%
Judicial clerkships .... .. . . .. .. .. . . . 6 %
Other . . ... .. .... ...... ... .. . .. . . 2%

Salary data for those reporting
Median ... .. .. ............ .. . . . $30,500
NOTE: The School of Law offers no guarantees
about employment, starting salaries, or employment
profiles. These statistics are strictly informational
and should not be construed as occurring annually.

THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION The associations formed in the

years of study at the School of Law are
lifelong. The School's alumni assist in
keeping alive memories and friendships
of student days and in providing important support to the School.
Over the years, the School of Law has
enjoyed the loyal support of its alumni.
In 1959, alumni commemorated the
School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert
R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L.
Coon Library, and their generous annual
gifts to the Law Alumni Fund provide
scholarships and other types of significant
support for the general program of the
School.
The Law Alumni Association sponsors
numerous activities throughout the year.
In Chicago, major events include the Annual Alumni-Faculty luncheon in the fall
and the Annual Alumni Weekend in the
spring. During the Alumni Weekend, the
Annual Alumni Dinner, a luncheon and
program at the Law School , and class
reunions are scheduled. In addition, the
Alumni Association has recently begun
alumni-faculty seminars, monthly luncheon programs featuring presentations by
faculty on various topics.
Regional events are a valuable aspect
of the Law Alumni Association program,
and during I 980-81, activities were held

during the American Bar Association Annual Meeting and in many cities including Atlanta, Boston, Denver, Des Moines,
Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee,
New York, Phoenix, San Diego, San
Francisco, Seattle, and Washington.

Law Alumni Association Officers 1981-62
President
1st Vice President
2ndVicePresident
3rdVicePresident
Secretary
Treasurer
Immediate
Past President

George Kelm '54
Carole Kamin Bellows '60
Richard E. Wiley '58
Harold D. Shapiro '52
Marvin E. Aspen '58
Arnold B. Kanter '67
Richard S. Kelly '51

Regional Vice Presidents
James R. Adams '63
John K. Barry '51
H. Harold Calkins '40
Howard P. Castle '42
A. Arthur Davis '52
Walter S. Davis '50
Warren N. Eggleston '50
Richard J. Flynn '53
Franklin E. Gill '56
George A. Googasian '61
James R . Harper '50
James F. Henderson '48
Harry R . Horrow ·34
Lyman W. Hull '58
John Logan O'Donnell '37
Deborah J. Palmer '73
Ronald A. Pearlman '65
Norm an M. Sevin '56
R. Thomas Stanton '69
Jon E. Steffenson '71
Louis M . Welsh '47
Curtis E. Woods '75
Paul Ziffren '38

Board of Directors
Terms expiring in 1982:

William W. Brady '40
Milton L. Fisher '49
73

Cincinnati
Pittsburgh
Denver
Houston
Des Moines
Milwaukee
Lafayette, Ind.
Washington, D.C.
Philadelphia
Detroit
Atlanta
Phoenix
San Francisco
Seattle
New York
Minneapolis
St. Louis
Miami
Cleveland
Boston
San Diego
Kansas
Los Angeles

�James T. Otis '51
L. Shirley Tark '16
Jayne Carr Thompson '70
Kenneth A. Whitney '72
Terms expiring in 1983:
Isidore Brown '15
James C. Hardman '61
Frank A. Karaba '51
Edward J. Karlin '77
Timothy C. Klenk '67
Russell H. Matthias '32
Terms expiring in 1984:
L. Edward Bryant Jr. '67
William G. Caples III '33
Paul C. Kimball Jr. '68
John R. Lindquist '48
Roger L. Taylor '71
Clarence S. Wilson '74

Members of the Law School Visiting
Committee, left to right: Supreme Court
Justice John Paul Stevens '47, Joseph J .
Stefan Jr. '38, and the Honorable
W. Willard Wirtz

Terms expiring in 1985:
Roy M. Adams LL.M. '76
Arlene C. Erlebacher '73
Crane C. Hauser '50
Donald B. Hilliker '69
Bobbie C. McGee '80
Emory S. Naylor Jr. '46
Terms expiring in 1986:
Eloy Burciaga '75
Sharon L. Fabian '79
Francis J. McConnell '53
Robert W. Patterson '60
Elroy C. Sandquist Jr. '50
Peter M. Sfikas '62

Law Alumni Fund 1981
National Chairman John P. Lynch '67

R. Eugene Pincham '51, judge, criminal
division , Circuit Court of Cook County,
speaking at the 198 I Short Course for
Defense Lawyers in Criminal Cases

74

�School of Law Calendar*
Academic Year 1981-82
1981
August 27

Thursday

Introduction to Legal Method &amp; Legal Writing

August 31

Monday

First semester classes begin

Sept. 7

Monday

No classes (Labor Day)

Oct. 8

Thursday

No classes (Yorn Kippur)

Nov, 25

Wednesday

Thanksgiving recess begins-6:30 p.m.

Nov. 30

Monday

Classes resume

Dec. 10

Thursday

First semester classes end-6:30 p.m.

Dec. 15-23

First semester exam period

Dec. 24-Jan. 17

Semester break

1982
Jan. 18

Monday

Second semester classes begin

March 20

Saturday

Spring recess begins

March 29

Monday

Classes resume

April 30

Friday

Second semester classes end

Saturday

University Commencement

May 10-19
June 19

Second semester exam period

*Subject to change

SCHEDULES AND HOURS

Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:15 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official
bulletin board before the beginning of each term.
The Law School buildings are open to students from 8: 00 a.m . to 11 p.m. Monday
through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday, and from 12 noon to 5 p.m. Sunday.

75

�School of Law Calendar*
Academic Year 1982-83
1982
August 26

Thursday

Introduction to Legal Method &amp; Legal Writing

August 30

Monday

First semester classes begin

Sept. 6

Monday

No classes (Labor Day)

Sept. 27

Monday

No classes (Yom Kippur)

Nov. 24

Wednesday

Thanksgiving recess begins-6:30 p.m.

Nov. 29

Monday

Classes resume

Dec. 9

Thursday

First semester classes end-6:30 p.m.

Dec. 14-23

First semester exam period

Dec. 24-Jan. 16

Semester break

1983
Jan. 17

Monday

Second semester classes begin

March 19

Saturday

Spring recess begins

March 28

Monday

Classes resume

April 29

Friday

Second semester classes end

May 9-18
June 18

Second semester exam period
Saturday

University Commencement

*Subject to change

SCHEDULES AND HOURS Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8: 15 a.m. and 6:30 p.m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official
bulletin board before the beginning of each term.
The Law School buildings are open to students from 8: 00 a.m. to 11 p.m . Monday
through Friday, from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday, and from 12 noon to 5 p.m. Sunday.
76

�Officers, Faculty, and Staff
UNIVERSITY OFFICERS
Robert H. Strotz, Ph.D., LLD., LH.D.,
President of the University
Raymond W . Mack, Ph.D., Provost
Lee A. Ellis, M.P.A., Senior Vice President
for Business and Finance
Jim G . Carleton, Ph.D., Vice President for
Student Affairs
John E. Fields, M.B.A., Vice President for
lnstitulional A dw1n cem enl
William I . Ihlanfeldt, Ph.D., Vice President
for Institutional Relations and Dean of
Admission
David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice President for
Research and Dean of Science
Laurence H . Nobles, Ph.D. , Vice President
for Administration and Financial Planning
Allin W. Proudfoot, M.B.A., Vice President
for De1•elopm ent
Michael C . Weston , J.D., Vice President for
Legal Affairs
Donald E. Collins, M.A., Associate Provost
John D. Margolis, Ph.D., Associate Pro ms/
Jeremy R. Wilson, Ph.D., Associate Provost
William H. Thigpen, J.D., General Counsel
Payson S. Wild, Ph .D. , LL.D., Litt.D., Provost Emeritus

LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS
David S. Ruder, B.A., J.D., Dean
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Assistant
Dean
Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Associate
Dean

J . William Elwin Jr., B.A., M .A., J.D., Assistant Dean
Kira Wigoda, B.S ., J.D. , Assistant Dean
Stephen T. Yandle, B.A., J.D., Associate
Dean
George S. Grossman, B.A., M.A., LL.B .,
Librarian and Professor of Law

FACULTY
Kenneth W. Abbott, B.A. , J .D., A ssociate
Professor of Law
John H. Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J .D ., LL.M.,
Professor of Law
Robert W. Bennett, B.A., LLB. , Professor of
Law and Director of Research
Robert P. Burns. A.B., J .D., Associate Profess or of Law
Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., J.D., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law
John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Professor
of Law and Assistant Director, Northwestem Legal Clinic
Thomas L Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor
of Law
Daniel R. Fischel. B.A., M.A ., J.D. , Professor of Law
Clinton W. Francis, LLB., LLM., Assistant
Professor of Law
Mayer G . Freed, A.B., J.D., Pr o fessor of
Law
Thomas F . Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Professor
of Law, Assistant Dean, and Director,
Northwestern Legal Clinic
Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LL.B., Professor
of Law
77

�Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of
Law and Associate Dean
George S. Grossman, B.A., M.A., LL.B.,
Librarian and Professor of Law
James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of Law
Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LL.B.,
LLD., Professor of Law Emeritus
John P. Heinz, A.B., LL.B., Professor of
Law
Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D.,
Professor of Law
Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J.D., Professor of
Law
Fred E. Inbau, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., John
Henry Wigmore Professor of Law Emeritus
Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Professor
of Law
Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LL.B., Professor of
Law Emeritus
Steven Lubet, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
Ian R. Macneil, B.A., J.D., John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law
Thomas W. Merrill, B.A., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law
Nathaniel L. Nathanson, B.A., LLB., S.J.D.,
Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law Emeritus
Alexander Nekam, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus
Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J.D., Professor
of Law
Daniel D. Polsby, B.A., J.D., Professor of
Law
Philip P. Postlewaite, B.B.A., J.D., LLM.,
Associate Professor of Law
Stephen B. Presser, A.B., J.D., Professor of
Law
James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Owen L. Coon
Professor of Law
Martin H. Redish, A.B., J.D., Professor of
Law
Harry B. Reese, B.A., LL.B., William W.
Gurley Professor of Law
John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., S.J.D., Dean
Emeritus and John Henry Wigmore Professor .Qf Law Emeritus
Victor G. Rosenblum, A.B., LLB., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law and Director, Program
in Law and the Social Sciences
Leonard S. Rubinowitz, B.A., J.D., Professor
of Law and Urban Affairs
David S. Ruder, B.A., J.D., Dean and Professor of Law

Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Associate
Professor of Law
Daniel M. Schuyler, A.B ., J.D., Professor
of Law Emeritus
Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus
Helene S. Shapo, B.A., M.A.T., J.D., Associate Professor of Law
Marshall S. Shapo, A.B., A.M., LLB.,
S.J.D ., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law
Francis 0 . Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor
of Law
Richard E. Speidel, B.A., LLB., LLM., Professor of Law
Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LLB., Edna B. and
Ednyfed H. Williams Professor of Law

LECTURERS
Roy M. Adams, J.D ., LLM., Lecturer in
Estate Planning and Estate and Gift Taxation
Melvin S. Adessa, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Taxation
Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L , J.D., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence
Peter J. Barack, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on
Securities R eg ulation and International
Business Transa ctions
Jon Bass, B.A., J.D. , Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II
Patricia Bobb, B.A ., J.D ., Lecturer on Trial
Practice I and II
George M. Burditt, A.B., LLB., L ecturer on
Food and Drug Law
R. Theodore Clark Jr., B.A., LLB ., Lecturer
on Labor Law
Jeffrey D. Colman, B.A., J.D., Lecturer in
Criminal Trial Advocacy
Dennis A. Ferrazzano, B.A., J .D. , Lecturer
on Real Estate Transactions and Development
Steven Goldman, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on
Real Estate
J. Richard Gray, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on
Trial Practice I and II
Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Trial Practice I and II
David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Securities Regulation
Carter Howard, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estates and Trusts II
78

�Helen Hart Jones, A.B., LLB., LL.M., Lecturer on Women and the Law
Rodney D. Joslin, A.B., J .D., Lecturer on
Trial Practice I and II
Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on
Legal Clinic
Hon. Roger J. Kiley Jr., B.A., J .D., Lecturer
on Trial Practice I and II
Richard Kling, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
Fred Lane, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Advocacy
Kent Lawrence, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on
Commercial Arbitration
John F . Lemker Jr., B.A., J.D., Lecturer on
Food and Drug Law
Linda Lipton, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
Thomas Mulroy, B.A., J .D ., Lecturer on
Trial Practice
Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer
on Trademarks
Michael A. Reiter, B.S., M.S., J .D., Ph.D.,
Lecturer on Trial Practice I and II
Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
Gary Ropski, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Patent
and Copyright Law
David Sanders, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Trial
Practice I and II
Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D.,
Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A.
Harriman Lecturer on Partnerships and
Business Planning
Edward P. Sheridan, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.,
Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
Hon. Earl Strayhorn, B.A., J.D., Lecturer
on Trial Practice I and II
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M .A., Lecturer on
Legal Bibliography
Ann C. Williams, B.S., M.A., J.D., Lecturer
on Trial Practice
Anton Valukas, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on
Criminal Trial Advocacy

LEGAL CLINIC FULL-TIME
LECTURERS
Roslyn C. Lieb, A.B ., J.D., Lecturer on
Legal Clinic
Mary M. McCormick, B.A., J.D., Lecturer
on Legal Clinic

LEGAL WRITING CLINICAL
FELLOWS
Kathy Morris Mejia, B.A., J .D.
Ruth M. Moscovitch, B.A., J.D.
Peter A. Zheutlin, B.A., J.D.

VISITING ENGLISH
LEGAL WRITING FELLOW
Timothy S. Bishop, B.A. (Oxon.)

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Barbara P. Abene, Admissions Assistant
Robin Accola, B.A., Assistant to the Dean
Hannan Ali, Faculty Secretary
Carolyn Allen, Secretary, Legal Clinic
Theresa Anderson, Receptionist
Elaine Cerny, B.A., Department Assistant,
Admissions
Clara Coleman, B.A., Director of Placement
Susan Curnick, B.A., Director of Admissions
and Financial Aid
Cindy Diamond, Admissions Assistant
Travis Dobbs, Faculty Secretary
Elizabeth Donahue, B.A., Department Assistant, Registrar
Patricia Franklin, Secretary
Eleanor Frame, Assistant Manager, Legal
Publications
Anita Grier, Secretary, Legal Clinic
Juana Haskins, Secretary, Placement
Janet Henderson, Senior Typist, Admissions
Nathan Henderson, Office Services Clerk
Mary Ann Hoffman, Secretary, Graduate
Program
Cleotha Hubbard, Pressworker
Jackie Johnson, Secretary, Alumni Relations
Linnie P. Jones, Secretary, Development
Edward P. Kerros, B.A., Department Assistant, Administrative Services
Nancy Ketzenberg, Coordinator, Legal Clinic
Martha Koning, Faculty Secretary
Bernice LeBeau, B.S., Faculty Secretary
Margaret Logan, B.A., M.A., Secretary to
the Dean
Patricia Miller, B.A., M.A., Registrar
Sarah Mingo, Word Processing Operator and
Secretary
Jeanne M. Nowell, B.S., Director of Alumni
Relations and Continuing Legal Education
Doris Nugent, Secretary to the Associate
Dean
Dianna Nunn, Faculty Secretary
Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary

79

�Janice Priester, Faculty Secretary
Elizabeth Quintos, Faculty Secretary
Fay Reid, Faculty Secretary
Janet G . Rose, B.A. , Department Assistant,
Alumni Relations
Helen Saldana, Faculty Secretary
Jeanne Sather, B.A., Faculty Secretary and
Administrative Secretary
Darlene Shelton, B.A., Senior Typist, Registrar
Dorothy K. Slocum, Faculty Secretary and
Research Secretary
Noel C. Spaso, Secretary and Supply Agent,
Administrative Services
Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary
Willie J. Watkins, Head, Reproduction Department
Terri S. Weinstein, B.A., M.A., Director of
Communications
Steffani Weiss, B.A., M.A., Manager, Administrative Services

NORTHWESTERN LEGAL CLINIC
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Assistant
Dean and Director
John S. Elson, B.A., M.A., J.D., Assistant
Director
Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney
Steven Lubet, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney
Helene S. Shapo, B.A., M.A.T., J.D., Director, Legal Writing Program
Roslyn C. Lieb, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on
Legal Clinic
Mary M. McCormick, B.A., J .D., Lecturer
on Legal Clinic
Robert P. Burns, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney
Nancy Ketzenberg, Coordinator, Legal Clinic
Carolyn Allen, Secretary
Anita Grier, Secretary
Larry Washington, Secretary

Mercedes Mantilla, M.L.S., Project Head
Terrence O'Connell, A.M., Ph.D., Cataloging Librarian
Carl A. Yirka, M.S. in L.S., Head of Acquisitions
Marij a Asbille, Library Clerical Assistant
John W. Campbell, Library Assistant
Maria C. Chase, Head of Circulation and
Reference Assistant
Douglas Clayton, Library Clerical Assistant
William R. Jacobson, B.A. , Library Assistant
Mary Kenny, Library Assistant
Lynn Kincade, Library Assistant
Leah Khotemlyanskaya, Library Clerical Assistant
George L. Lee, Library Assistant
Don Liszewski, M .A., Library Assistant
Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant
Lucy Petrovic, Library Assistant
Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Library Assistant
Ethel Rochlin, B.A., Secretary
Linda Stinehart, Library Clerical Assistant
Joyce M. Sypniewski, B.A., Library Assistant
Associate Dean Stephen T . Yandle with
a student

LIBRARY
George S. Grossman, M.A., LLB., Librarian
and Professor of Law
Elaine E. Teigler, M.A., Assistant Librarian
and Head of Readers' Services
Barbara Hycnar, A.M.L.S., Assistant Librarian and Head of Technical Services
James Brantley, M.L.S., Ph.B., Evening Circulation Librarian
John C. Fox, M.A.L.S., Documents Librarian
Madeline Hebert, J.D., Head of Foreign and
Intemational Law
Martha E. Jameson, M.A., Cataloger

United States Ambassador to the United
Nations Donald F. McHenry (left) with
Jeffrey H. Nicholas '81 and Charles R.
Saulsberry '82
80

�Roster of Colleges and Universities
Some 200 colleges and universities were represented by one or more of the
about 550 students in the Northwestern Law School student body in 1981-82.
Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
Albion College
American University, Lebanon
Amherst College
Arizona State University
Atlantic Union College
Augustana College (Ill.)
Augustana College (S.D.)
Aurora College
Australian National University
Barat College
Barnard College
Beloit College
Boston College
Boston University
Bowdoin College
Bradley University
Brandeis University
Brown University
Bryn Mawr College
Bucknell University
Butler University
California State University, L.A.
Cambridge University
Carleton College
Case Western Reserve University
Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium
Chatham College
Claremont Men's College
Clark University
Colby College
Colgate University
College of St. Thomas
College of William and Mary
Colorado College

Columbia University
Cornell College
Cornell University
Dartmouth College
Davidson College
Denison University
DePaul University
DePauw University
Drake University
Drexel University
Duke University
Earlham College
Eastern Michigan University
Elmhurst College
Emory University
Fayetteville State University
Fisk University
Florida A&amp;M University
Florida State University
Fontbonne College
Franklin and Marshall College
Georgetown University
George Washington University
Georgia Institute of Technology
Government Law College, India
Grinnell College
Hamilton College
Harvard College
Idaho State University
Illinois State University
Illinois Wesleyan University
Indiana State University
Indiana University
Iowa State University
Jackson State University
81

�Johns Hopkins University
Kansas State University
Kenyon College
Knox College
Lawrence University
Lebanon Valley College
LeMoyne College
Leopold-Franzens University, Belgium
Lincoln University
Loras College
Loyola University (Ill.)
Luther College
Marquette University
Miami University
Michigan State University
Morgan State Univer~ity
Mount Holyoke College
Mundelein College
Murray State University
North Central College
Northeastern Illinois University
Northern Illinois University
Northwestern University
Oberlin College
Occidental College
Ohio Northern University
Ohio State University
Ohio University
Ohio Wesleyan University
Olivet Nazarene College
Pennsylvania State University
Pomona College
Portland State University
Princeton University
Purdue University
Queen's College (CUNY)
Radcliffe College
Reed College
Rice University
Ripon College
Roosevelt University
St. Francis College
St. Louis University
St. Mary's College (Ind.)
St. Olaf College
Sarah Lawrence University
Smith College
Southerrr Illinois University
Southern Methodist University
Southwest Missouri State University
Spelman College
Stanford University
SUNY at Albany
SUNY at Binghamton
SUNY at Buffalo

SUNY at Stony Brook
Swarthmore College
Syracuse University
Taylor University
Trinity University
Tufts University
Tulane University
United States Air Force Academy
United States Military Academy
University of Arizona
University of British Columbia
University of California-Berkeley,
Irvine, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara
University of Chicago
University of Cincinnati
University of Colorado
University of Dallas
University of Dayton
University of Denver
University of the East, Philippines
University of Ghana
University of Hawaii
University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign,
Chicago Circle
University of Iowa
University of Kansas
University of Khartoum, Sudan
University Law College Quetta, Pakistan
University of Liege, Belgium
University of London
University of Maryland
University of Miami
University of Michigan
University of Minnesota
University of Mississippi
University of Missouri, K.C.
University of Montana
University of Neuchatel, Switzerland
University of North Carolina
University of North Dakota
University of Notre Dame
University of Oklahoma
University of Oregon
University of Pennsylvania
University of Rochester
University of Santa Clara
University of South Dakota
University of Southern California
University of Southern Mississippi
University of Tennessee
University of Texas
University of Virginia
University of Washington
University of WisconsinEau Claire, Madison, Stevens Point

82

�Valparaiso University
Vanderbilt University
Vassar College
Villanova University
Wake Forest University
Washington and Lee University
Washington University
Wayne State University
Wellesley College
Wesleyan University
Western Kentucky University
Western Michigan University
Wheaton College
Whitman College
Williams College
Yale University
Yeshiva University

Where To Write
ADDRESS ALL LAW SCHOOL MAIL TO:

Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago A venue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
ADDRESS MAIL CONCERNING THE PARTICULAR MATTERS LISTED
BELOW TO THE SPECIFIC LAW SCHOOL OFFICES INDICATED
Director of Graduate Studies

Placement Service

Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree or equivalent Graduate
fellowships

Placement of students and graduates

Law Alumni Association
Alumni affairs other than placement service
Office of Admissions
Admission to the regular session for students
seeking the J.D. degree:
• Applications, including applications to
transfer
• Requests for forms or information
• Recommendations
Financial assistance information for candidates for the J.D. degree
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program

Program in Law and the Social Sciences
Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to the J.D. and a Ph.D. should
write to Director, Program in Law and the
Social Sciences.
Registrar
Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the Law School
Requests for information on availability of
enrollment during the third year as a visiting student.

On-campus housing information

83

�Northwestern University

~r-='--J~
-1~ r

Chicago Campus

t
EAST OHIO STREET

1 Montgomery Ward Memorial Building
(Medical and Dental Schools)
2 Morton Medical Research Building
3 Searle Building (Medical School)
4 Wieboldt Hall (Division of Continuing
Education and Evening Managers'
Program)
5 Levy Mayer Hall (Law School)
6 McCormick Hall (Law School)

7 Site of new
Law School addition
8 Abbott Hall (residence)
9 Wesley Pavilion, Northwestern
Memorial Hospital
10 Passavant Pavilion, Northwestern
Memorial Hospital
11 lnsti!Ule of Psychiatry
12 Prentice Women's Hospital
and Maternity Center

84

13 Rehabilitation Institute
14 Veterans Administration Lakeside
Medical Center
15 Northwestern University Medical Associates
16 Carriage House (residence)
17 Worcester House (residence)
18 Health Sciences Building
19 Lake Shore Center (residence)
20 Medical Science Building (VALMC)

�INDEX
Abbott Hall, 6, 9, 10
Academic regulations, 19
Admission, 60
graduate study, 68
Alumni, 71
Application fee, 62
Application procedure, 60
Buildings, 6
Black Law Journal, 55
Black Law Students Association, 58
Calendar, 75, 76
Center for Urban Affairs, 51
Classes, 12
Classrooms, 7
Colleges and universities represented, 81
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 18
Continuing legal education, 50
Corporate Counsel Institute, 50
Course descriptions, 22
Course of instruction, 12
Course load, 19
Curriculum, 22; three-year, 17
Data assembly service, 60
Decalogue Society, 58
Defense Attorneys Short Course, 50
Degrees, first, 20; graduate, 66
Endowed Professorships, 13
Endowed programs, 39, 43
Enrollment, limited, 19
Examinations, 19
Expenses, 65, 69
Extended study program, 62
Facilities, 9
Faculty, 13, 77
Fees, 65, 69
Financial assistance, 45, 66
Graduate fellowships, 69
Graduate study and degrees, 68
Graduation requirements, 20
Health service, 10
Honor Code, 20
Honors and prizes, 39, 52
Housing, 6, 9
International Law Society, 58
J.D.-M.M. Association, 58
J.D.-M.M. program, 18
J.D.-Ph.D., program, 18
Joint degree program in Law/ Social
Sciences, 18
Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology , 55
La Alianza, 58
Lake Shore Center, 6, 9, 10
Law Alumni Association, 73
Law Review, 56
Law School Admission Test, 60
Law and Social Sciences, 18
Legal Clinic, 15
Legal publications, 55
Legal writing skills, 16
Library, 7
Library funds, 44
Linthicum Foundation Program, 42
Loans, 65, 66, 67
Location of campuses, 5

Map, 84
Medical service, 10
Methods of instruction, 14
Case method, 14
Problem method, 15
Clinical training and practice, 15
Seminars, 16
Legal writing skills, 16
Senior Research Program, 16
Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court
Program, 57
Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, 56
M.M.-J.D. combined program, 18
Moot Court, 56, 57
National Institute for Trial Advocacy, 51
National Lawyers Guild, 59
Northwestern Journal of International Law
and Business, 56
Northwestern University Law Re1·iew, 56
Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 77
Order of the Coif, 52
Ph.D.-J.D. combined program, 18
Placement, 71
Pre-legal study, 63
Prosecuting Attorney's Short Course, 50
Publications, 55
Public Interest Research Consortium, 59
Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate and Securities
Law Institute, 51
Rebates, 65
Refunds, 65
Research assistantships, 57
Rosenthal Lectures, 39
Scholarships, 45, 66
Seminars, 16
Senior Research Program, 16
Short Courses, 50
Sociolegal studies, 18
Student activities, 54
Student Bar Association, 57
Student deposit account, 65
Student Funded Public Interest
Fellowships, 59
Student government, 57
Student health, 10
Student newsletter, 59
Student residence, 6, 9
Supplemental programs, 39
Corporate Counsel Institute, 50
Legal Clinic, 15
Linthicum Foundation Program, 42
Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate and Securities
Law Institute, 51
Rosenthal Lectures, 39
Other endowed programs, 43
Tax Law Society, 59
Three-year curriculum, 17
Transfer students, 62
Transportation Center, 52
Tuition, 64, 69
Visiting students, 62
Visits to the School, 62
Women's Caucus, 59
Withdrawal, 65

--,

�Nonprofit Organization
U.S. Postage
PAID
Permit No. 2910
Chicago, IL

Northwestern University Bulletin
School of Law
357 East Chicago A venue
Chicago, Illinois 60611

Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest, whatsoever
things are just, whatsoever things are
pure, whatsoever things are lovely,
whatsoever things are of good report;
if there be any virtue, and if there be
any praise, think on these things.
Philippians 4:8

Mary E. Berg
Bogle -&amp; Gates ·Bank of California Center
Seattle, Washington 98164

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                <text>School Law Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University School Law. Brief Northwestern School Law Description New Buildings THE JUDGE WIG. THE POLICEMANS STICK AND STAR. America England American THE JUDGES DESK. Roman Rome Latins THE SPEAKERS GAVEL. English America THE GREEN BAG. England Elizabethan Wycherley Plain Dealer THE CHIEF JUSTICES COLLAR. Chief Justice England THE SPEAR. Roman THE CHANCELLORS WOOLSACK. Says Lord Campbell House Lords Judges THE SCALES. An State Roman PRISON BARS. THE SERJEANTS COIF. Fortescue Serjeants Serjeantsat English THE SWORD. Roman State Jus School Law Academic Years / Northwestern University Bulletin Northwestern University Editors Susan Curnick Terri Weinstein Designer Lauretta Akkeron Photographers Uldis Saule Terri Weinstein Kira Wigoda / Law School Courtyard CONTENTS School Law Course Instruction Curriculum Endowments Supplemental Programs Honors Prizes Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Financial Aid Graduate Sh Degrees Placement Alumni Calendar Officers Faculty Staff Roster Colleges Universities Write Campus Map Index School Law Dudley Field Law Northwestern School Law Since Law School Long Law School Law School Today Northwestern School LOCATION OF IBE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Grant Park Nearby Orchestra Hall Chicago Symphony Orchestra Chicago Public Library. Gold Coast Near Rush Street Loop Chicago Here United States Court Appeals. Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School. Also Abbott Hall Lake Shore Center McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University. Health Sciences Building Students University Evanston. Evanston Law School Facilities University Library Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Communicative Disorders Nathaniel Leverone Hall L. Kellogg Graduate School Management Evanston } Arthur Andersen Hall School Education Rebecca Crown Center University Seeley Mudd Library Science Engineering Traffic Institute Building. Pick Staiger Concert Hall Regenstein Hall Music Theatre Interpretation Center Also Evanston James Allen Center Graduate School Management New LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Good There Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Lake Shore Drive. School About Dean John Henry Wigmore United States School Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert Mc Cormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law School Law School. Lake Shore Drive Chicago Superior Street University Law School University American Bar Association American Bar Foundation Law School Chicago CLASSROOMS Law School Such Northwestern. Lincoln Hall British House Commons. School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School. Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library. Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation. With Northwestern United States. Even Study School Faculty Library. Law School Library Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English collection United States Recently Law School Library University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Holdings Roman Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room These Many Western Hemisphere. Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments A.D. George Shaw Collection European Law Joseph Shaw LLB. Provision With Woods Charitable Foundation Inc. Law Library Law Library LUIS University Law Library Library Congress. LEXIS Legal LEXIS Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School Illinois School Law School. Student Bar Association. Separate Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCES Living Casual English Inns Court Law School School Lake Shore Center Abbott Hall. Both Lake Shore Center University Lake Shore Club Chicago Olympic Located Law School Chicago Gold Coast Abbott Hall Law School School Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Abbott Hall. Lake Shore Center Abbott Hall Easy Lake Shore Center Breakfast Lake Shore Center. STUDENT HEALTH Student Health Service Student Health Service Chicago East Superior Street Available Student Health Bulletin Northwestern Student Hospitalization Plan Proof . Physicians Student Health Service Acute Emergency Room Northwestern Memorial Hospital. Medical Student Health Service Specialty Health Service Lake Shore Center Course Instruction [Here ] Justice Olil Wendell Holmes Law School Law School servic Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class Two Time Jaw Law School Some Jaw. Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone. Jaw Today Torts Property Criminal Jaw Law School Jaw Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Their Such School Student Bar Association Robert Childres Memorial Award Teaching Excellence. Robert Childres Northwestern ENDOWED PROFESSORSHIPS Law School Faculty Law School Owen Coon Chair Law William Wirt Gurley Me Professor Law Frederic Vose Chair Law Edna Ednyfed Williams Memorial Professor Law Law School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Through Under Socratic Questions Problem Method Law School Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Northwestern Law School Over Law School Clinic Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Clinic Wieboldt Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic During Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Counseling Negotiation Litigation Trial Advocacy Clinic Seminars Seminars Often Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Journal International Law Business Black Law Journal. Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School Participation Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition. Participation Senior Research Program. Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Northwestern Under During Because Law School Depending University University African Senior Research Program. Faculty Indeed Senior Research Program School Most THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School During Here Im International Law English American Legal History Thereafter Law School Moreover School Additional University. JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University J.D. Ph.D. Bar Applicants Ms. Janice Priester Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois THE COMBINED J.D. M.M. PROGRAM Northwestern University Master Management M.M. Juris Doctor J.D. L. Kellogg Graduate School Management School Law Under J.D. School Law Graduate School Management. Similarly M.M. School Law. Applicants Applicants App Graduate School Management Admissions Office L. Kellogg Graduate School Management Northwestern Un Leverone Hall Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Regular No Failure Dean. Third COURSE LOAD Courses LIMITED ENROLLMENT Northwestern Legal Clinic School Clinic EXAMINATIONS Regular Grades With Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Specific Rules Northwestern University School Law Juris Doctor Legal Ethics A+ B+ C+ + Instructors Courses DEGREES Degrees University School Law. Before University Juris Doctor J.D. School Law Graduation Requirements. Northwestern University School Law Northwestern. Degrees Graduate Study Law. HONOR CODE Law School Honor Code Student Bar Association Honor Code Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association. Council Code Law School Left Professor Martin Redish Easter b Booth Hall Professor Joyce Hughes. Below Professor Anthony Amato Curriculum FIRST YEAR COURSES Required Courses First Semester COURSE NAME CREDIT HOURS Contracts Torts Civil Procedure Criminal Law Legal Writing Second Semester CREDIT HOURS Contracts II Torts II Property Perspective Elective American Legal History English Legal History International Law Law Social Change Law Social Order Legal Writing School DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Accounting Law Course Recognizing Administrative Law Course Topics Admiralty Course American Legal History Course America. Most Golden Age American American Revolution Civil War Colonial Period Twentieth Century. American Legal History Advanced Seminar Students American American Antitrust Enforcement Course Prerequisite Antitrust Law. Antitrust Law Course History Areas Overlap Also Common Market Corequisities Administrative Law Corporations. Antitrust Law Policy Seminar Advanced Banking Law Seminar Federal Reserve Board Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Primary Behavioral Science Law Seminar Emphasis Broadcasting Regulation Course Federal Communications Commission Attention CATV. Corequisite Administrative Law. Business Associations Partnerships Advanced Course Development Prerequisite Corporations. Business Planning Course Emphasis Prerequisites Corporations Federal Corporate Income Tax. Civil Law Seminar With Anglo American Conti Problem Civil Liberties Seminar Consideration Prerequisite Constitutional Law II. Civil Procedure Course Civil Procedure II Course Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Prerequisite Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Advanced Course Civil Procedure. Prerequisites Civil Procedure II. Clinical Practice Course Northwestern Legal Clinic United States Attorney Office Better Government Association Law School Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Student Illinois Clinical Trial Advocacy Course Clinical Practice These Students Legal Clinic Commercial Paper Course Course Computers Law Seminar Topics Members Northwestern. Conflict Laws Course Topics Constitutional Law Course Constitutional Law II Course Topics Also Constitutional Law Bill Rights Due Process Clause. Prerequisite Constitutional Law Constitutional Law Advanced Course Fourteenth Amendment Among Congress Section Constitutional Law Advanced Problems Seminar Within Prerequisite Constitutional Law II. Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Seminar Specific Model · Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code Report National Commission Consumer Finance Contracts Course Introduction Contracts II Course Contracts Con Prerequisite Contracts Contracts Advanced Studies Seminar Article UCC Code. Corporation Finance Course Pre Accounting Corporations. Corporation Law Current Problems Seminar Corporations Course Applicable Attention Counseling Negotiation Litigation Course Class Northwestern Legal Clinic. Criminal Appellate Advocacy Seminar Prerequisite Criminal Process Police Practices. Criminal Evidence/ Criminal Trial Practice Seminar Plea Criminal Law Course Areas Criminal Law Current Problems Seminar Materials Criminal Process Formal Proceedings Course Such Standards Dangerous Products Law Course · About Material Topics De Amendment Consumer Product Safety Act. Laetrile Debtor Creditor Relations Course Federal Bankruptcy Act Deceptive Trade Practices Course Consideration Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis Federal Trade Commission Detailed Classroom Economic Analysis Law Course Contract Economic Regulation Seminar How How These Following Economics Law Seminar Prerequisite Economic Analysis Law. Education Law Seminar United States. Employment Discrimination Course English Legal History Course Study English English American Environmental Law Course Attention Problem Prerequisite Administrative Law Regulated Industries. Estate Planning Seminar Planning Reasons Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Tax Estates Trusts Estates Trusts Course Coverage Estates Trusts II Course Topics Estates Trusts Ethics Law Seminar Evidence Course Areas Family Law Course Emphasis Family Law II Seminar Such / / Prerequisite Family Law. Federal Jurisdiction Course Food Drug Law Seminar Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Foreign Law Seminar Seminar Such Insurance Law Course Basics International Business Transactions Seminar American American American Materials International Foreign Antitrust Law Course U.S. European Common Market EEC United Kingdom Western Germany France Japan Substantive American EEC Prerequisite Antitrust Law. International Law Course Students Traditional International Law Private Seminar International Protection Human Rights Seminar Focus European Convention Human Rights Inter American System Protection Human Rights United Nations Organs Protection Human Rights. Constitutional United States International Trade Course United States American International GA TT International Travel Law Seminar Emphasis Immigration Nationality Act United States. Jurisprudence Course Current Every Juvenile Law Seminar Labor Arbitration Seminar Students Prerequisite Labor Law. Labor Law Course Labor Law Advanced Problems Seminar Labor Law Public Sector Seminar Legal Prerequisite Labor Law. Labor Law Selected Problems Seminar . Land Use Public Private Control Course Prerequisite Real Estate Transactions. Legal Ethics Course Code Professional Responsibility Legal Profession Seminar Attention Legal Writing Course Instruction Supreme Court Northwestern Legislative Process Course Primary Patent Copyright Law Course Police Practices Exclusionary Principles Course Property Course Introduction Jaw Areas Shelley Psychiatry Law Seminar Medical School Real Estate Development Course Alternative Prerequisite Real Estate Transactions. Real Estate Investment Seminar By Real Estate Transactions Course Also Regulated Industries Course Regulated Industries Current Sales Sales Financing Course Article UCC Article UCC. Stress Code Code Magnuson Moss Warranty Act Bankruptcy Reform Act. Science Legal System Seminar Among Scientific Evidence Course Scientific Secured Transactions Course Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act. Securities Regulation Course Areas Securities Act Securities Exchange Act Prerequisite Corporations. Securities Regulation Advanced Seminar Special Prerequisites Corporations Securities Regulation. Securities Regulation Advanced Problems Seminar Advanced secunt Senior Research Senior Research Registrar Office Director Research. Social Change Law Course United States. Emphasis Social Order Law Course Consideration Specific State Local Government Course Topics Tax Advanced Problems Corporate Seminar Intensive Federal Corporate Income Tax Topics Prerequisite Federal Corporate Income Tax. Tax Federal Corporate Income Course Detailed Jaw Prerequisites ccounti Corporatio Federal Income Tax. Tax Federal Individual Income Course Is Taxation Federal Estate Gift Course Special Revenue Act Tax Reform Act Unified Tax Credit Taxation Foreign Income Course United States United States Torts Course Coverage caITiers Torts II Course Torts Torts Torts Advanced Course Tort m Areas Also Also Prerequisites Torts II. Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices Course Also Federal Trade Commission Trial Practice Course Discovery Trial Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. Trial Practice II Course Circuit Court Cook County. Civic Center / Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Trial Practice Trial Practice &amp; II Course Trial Practice II · Members Circuit Court Cook County. Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. United States Supreme Court Litigation Current Seminar United States Supreme Court Supreme Court. Cases Court. Writing Urban Housing Problems Seminar Welfare Litigation Course Soda! Security Act. Proposals Women Law Course Emphasis Office Career Counseling Placement Legal Clinic Morton Horwitz Harvard University Rosenthal Lectures Lincoln Hall. Class Convocation Endowments Supplemental Programs Honors Prizes Law School Lectures United States Law School Many Law School Others School. THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar. One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent Their Since School Rosenthal Foundation. Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University. His Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan. Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John H. Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China. Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History These Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. These Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc. Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University. Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc. United Nations United Nations. Adlai Stevenson Class Umted States Ambassador United Nations. Mr. Stevenson International Relations International Law. John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law. Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co. John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co. Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co. Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co. Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States. Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University. Adolf Berle Jr. Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Revolution Harcourt Brace. James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press. Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit. Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations E. Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert A. Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University. Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press. Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press. Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press. Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press. Rt. Rev. James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc. Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press. Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press. Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States. Participants Max Freedman William Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University. Northwestern University Press. Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press. Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press. Judge Carl McGowan S. Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press. Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Co University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press. Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director U.S. Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law. Arthur Goldberg J.D. Justice S. Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press. Willard Wirtz Law School Faculty United States Secretary Labor Labor Law. Perspectives Justice. Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University. Northwestern University Press. Equitable Sharing World Resources Oscar Schachter Director Studies United Nations Institute Training Research Former Director General Legal Division United Nations. Columbia University Press. Ronald Dworkin Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Is Law Jerome Alan Cohen Professor Law Director East Asian Legal Studies Harvard Law School Is There Law China Archibald Cox Carl Loeb University Professor Harvard University Law School Constitutional Law Burger Court. One Northwestern University Law Review. Willard Pedrick Professor Law Dean Arizona State University College Law Death Taxes Living. Commerce Clearing House. Ian Macneil Frank Ingersoll Professor Law Cornell Law School New Social Contract Inquiry Modern Contractual Relations. Yale University Press. Morton Horwitz Professor Law Harvard Law School Place Justice Holmes American Legal Thought. THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Law School Professor Linthicum Class Law School American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation William Cary John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Dennis Thompson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund. Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Walsh Fund. $ Edwin Walsh Class Law School Albert Kocourek Fund. Albert Kocourek Professor Law School Professor Emeritus $ Warren Buckley Fund. $ Warren Buckley Class Law School. William Trumbull Fund. $ William Trumbull Class Professor Law Dean Law School Legal Clinic Law School. Robert Childres Memorial Fund. Robert Childres Professor Law Northwestern He Because Professor Childres Director Research Fund Joseph Buchwald Fund. $ Charles Buchwald Law School Dean Wigmore Law School. Vilas Swan Fund. Income $ Vilas Swan Class Law School Dean. Russell Baker Fund Research International Law Business. Russell Baker Fund Research International Law Business Russell Baker Baker &amp; McKenzie. Baker Fund Andrew Brainerd Brainerd &amp; Bridges Mr. Baker. Fund Baker &amp; McKenzie Mr. Brainerd $ Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund. Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund Northwestern University School Law Ray Garrett Jr. School Law Securities Exchange Commission Chicago Gardner Carton &amp; Douglas. Fund Mr. Garrett School Law Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Fund Gardner Carton &amp; Douglas Mr. Garrett Fund. LIBRARY ENDOWMENTS University Law School Library Library Gary Endownment Fund Elbert Gary LLB. United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LLB. Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Barnet Hodes LLB. Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LLB. Mrs. Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund. Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro J.D. Circuit Court Cook County. Also Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund. Paul Cutler J.D. Cutler Browsing Alcove. Mr. Cutler Professor James Rahl European Common Market Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs. Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Law Professor Emeritus Edwin Perkins Foundation Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund Albert Kocourek Professor Kocourek Law Professor Emeritus Walter Winget Mr. Winget J.D. Northwestern Peoria Illinois. $ Woods Charitable Fund Inc. Law Library Law School United States. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE ENDOWMENTS University Law School Northwestern George Quilici Scholarship Fund. About $ School Mrs. Virginia Quilici Judge George Quilici. Dean. John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. Hardy Scholarship. Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen Coon Law School Class Owen Coon Foundation. School Mr. Coon Foundation Law School Hardy Scholarships Scholars Edwin Austin Scholarships. Edwin Austin Class $ Law School. Mr. Austin Sidley &amp; Austin $ Recipients Dean Advisory Committee Law School University Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. Oswald Deller $ Adele Rabino Deller Class John Henry Wigmore. Income Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph Wright Class $ Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. $ Anna Louise Raymond Blumberg Book Fund. Nathan Blumberg Class $ Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class $ Law School $ Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. Chicago Foundation Northwestern Chicago Dean. Class Scholarship. Class Law School Class Scholarship. Class David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts David Axelrod Class Deserving Dean David Campbell Fund. David Campbell Class Decalogue Society Lawyers Scholarship Fund. Decalogue Society Lawyers $ Richard Kahn Class Director Financial Aid. Decalogue Society Lawyers Scholarship Fund. Oscar Nudelman Class Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. $ John Henry Wigmore Club John Ritchie Dean Law School Income Dean Law School. Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna Williams Edwin Kitty Perkins Scholarship Fund. Edwin Perkins Foundation $ Dean Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund. $ Elmer Smith Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists $ Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund. Ernest Schroeter Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Floyd Thompson Scholarship. $ Floyd Thompson Mrs. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Francis Kosmerl Scholarships. $ Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Frank Nicholas Scholarship Fund. Frank Nicholas School Law. / Self-reliance Any Frank Nicholas Scholarship Frederic De Young Scholarship. Frederic De Young LLB. LLD. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert University $ School Law Illinois. George Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts Mrs. George Basta $ George Basta Class Dean. George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship Grant. $ George Enfield Frazer Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong $ Law School Class Income Hawaii Dean School. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna Folonie Law School. Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund. $ Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund. Isidore Brown Class School Law Law School Brown Chicago Brown Dashow Arons Doran Circuit Court Isidore Brown Scholarship Fund $ Judge Brown Roger Howard. Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. $ Mrs. Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Jerome Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts $ Susan Jerome Ettelson Foundation Dean Mr. Ettelson Class Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $ Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School Joan Carmell Matlaw Scholarship Fund. Dr. Ralph Matlaw Joan Carmell Matlaw Class Mrs. Matlaw Office Legal Affairs Michael Reese Hospital Medical Center Chicago Illinois Mental Health Code John Lord Scholarship Fund. Chicago Lord Bissell &amp; Brook John Lord. Income $ Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. $ Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean Shirley Tark Scholarship. $ Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. $ School Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. $ Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. $ Orville Taylor · Richard Powell Scholarship Fund. Isham Lincoln &amp; Beale Chicago Law School Richard Powell Class Mr. Powe II Isham Lincoln &amp; Beale While Law School Mr. Powell Law Review. His Order Coif School Wigmore Key Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law. Mrs. Ellen Sage $ Russell Matthias Sr. Endowment Fund. Mr. Matthias Chicago Meyers Matthias Law School $ Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School. Thad Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. Thad Talcott Class Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. Susan Hoyne Ingraham $ School Law. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Class Law School. Virgil Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr. He $ Dean Law School School. Walter Moses Scholarship. Established Chicago Bar Foundation Mrs. Walter Moses Chicago Bar Walter Moses Scholarship Chicago Northwestern University School Law Moses Scholarship. Ware Scholarship. $ Mrs. Fannie Ware Lt. Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. $ Wellington Walker Chicago CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION Continuing Legal Education Law School Professor Fred Inbau Short Course Prosecuting Attorneys. Short Course Lawyers Criminal Cases. Both School Law. Professor Inbau Course Director Short Courses Prosecutors Course Defense Course Short Courses Law School Illinois Institute Con Legal Education Annual Corporate Counsel Institute Committee Corporate Law Departments American Bar Association Section Corporation Banking Business Law Committee Corporate Law Departments Chicago Bar Association Section Corporate Law Departments Illinois State Bar Association. Institute United States. Institute Proceedings Institute Th Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law lnstit Ray Garrett Jr. Memorial Fund Northwestern University School Law Ray Garrett Jr. School Law Securities Exchange Commission Chicago Gardner Carton &amp; Douglas. Institute Ray Garrett Institute Standards Regulating Corporate Internal Affairs Eleven Following Institute Institute Once National Institute Trial Advocacy NITA Law School During NIT NIT American Bar Association Section Judicial Administration Law Enforcement Assistance Administration Practicing Law Institute Students Continuing Legal Education CENTER FOR URBAN AFFAIRS AND POLICY RESEARCH. Center Urban Affairs Policy Research Northwestern Center Center Nearly Northwestern Center. Center Center Their Funding University Center Northwestern NU CAS Center Center Ce. · University. Applications Decisions Center Sheridan Road Evanston Illinois Center TRANSPORTATION CENTER Transportation Center Northwestern University. Its HONORS AND PRIZES Order Coif Order Coif Northwestern. Jaw Northwestern Order Coif Wigmore Key Established Student Bar Association School Selection Lowden Wigmore Prizes Income Frank Lowden Class $ Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal International Law Business Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Barnet Scott Hodes Prize Income $ Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government. $ $ Hyde Prize Income $ Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law Harold Shapiro Prize $ Stephen Lemann New Orleans Bar Harold Shapiro Class Edward Harriman Lecturer Law School. Business Planning Dean Mr. Shapiro. Moot Court Plaque Graduating Class Julius Miner Moot Court Competition. Law School. Nathan Burkan Memorial Competition Prizes $ American Society Composers Authors Publishers Northwestern Dean Copyright Law. ASCAP. Illinois Bar Foundation Research Fellow Program Annually $ Law School Nominations Dean Law School. Students Chicago St. Patrick Day Student Activities Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln. Recollections Alumnus Class Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School. School United States Students Two Law School. See Law School. Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Black Law Journal Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Journal International Law Business Northwestern University Law Review. Selection BLACK LAW JOURNAL Founded University California Los Angeles Law School Black Law Journal Black Law Journal Northwestern Organizing Advising Small Business Enterprises Professor Joyce Hughes Northwestern University School Law Toward New Bill Rights. Northwestern THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal Journal Members Membership Journal Northwestern Journal Some Those Journal Student Approximately Supreme Court Supreme Court Review Law School. NORTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND BUSINESS Northwestern Journal International Law Business JI LB Students Northwestern Journal International Law Business Law School Approximately Membership JILB NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review. University Chicago University Illinois. Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review. Law Review. Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition U.S. District Court Judge Julius Miner Gradu Law Mrs. Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Justices Arthur Goldberg Potter Stewart Justices Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall John Paul Stevens Byron White William Rehnquist Supreme Court United States Chief Judge Thomas Fairchild Seventh Circuit Court Appeals. Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition. ARLYN MINER FIRST YEAR MOOT COURT PROGRAM Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Mrs. Julius Miner Judge Miner. Arlyn Miner Mrs. Miner Judson Linda Miner Leslie Miner Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE STUDENT BAR ASSOCIATION Student Bar Association Law School. SBA Students SBA. Outstanding School SBA Speakers Program SBA SBA Social One Law School Chicago Campus Council. Council Chicago Northwestern University. Orientation Council LA ALIANZA Founded La Alianza Latino Northwestern. Because Latinos Northwestern La Alianza Latino Few Latino La Alianza Law School. Consistently Latinos Student Bar Association. Recently Latinos Northwestern Julius Miner Moot Court Phillip Jessup International Moot Court La Alianza Latino BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association Law School. BLSA Occasionally BLSA BLSA United States University BLSA Chicago DECALOGUE SOCIETY Decalogue Society Northwestern Chicago Decalogue Society Lawyers. Illinois Society Jewish Decalogue Society Northwestern Decalogue Society. INTERNATIONAL LAW SOCIETY International Law Society Law School Society Midwest Phillip Jessup International Law Moot Court Competition Law School JD MM ASSOCIATION JD MM Association JDMM Program Northwestern Master Management Juris Doctor School Law L. Kellogg Graduate School Management. Members Association JD MM Program Association NATIONAL LAWYERS GUILD National Lawyers Guild Northwestern Chicago. Guild Northwestern Alternative Practice Conference PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH CONSORTIUM $ SFPIF STUDENT NEWSLETTER Published Law School TAX LAW SOCIETY Tax Law Society Society Membership Meetings STUDENT FUNDED PUBLIC IN WOMEN CAUCUS Women TEREST FELLOWSHIPS Founded Since SFPIF SFPIF Con Caucus Law School Members Women Caucus Woman Law Extended Study Program Women Caucus Bimonthly Caucus Law School. Admission School Mr. Hoyne School $ Letter Henry Booth Law School Law School United States School Law Admissions Committee. Committee Among Since Law School Consequently School Northwestern University University APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Law. Application Law School Law School Law School Data Assembly Service LSDAS Law School Admission Services Box Newtown Pennsylvania LSDAS LSDAS Law School Exceptions LSDAS Law School LSDAS Law School Admission Test. 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Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Personal $ Cashier Office University ID FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Recognizing School Law School. School Law Currently Law School School Northwestern University Federally Insured Student Loan Program School Law Our National Direct Student Loans University University Short Term School Work Study Program. GAP SF AS PROCEDURE School Law Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service GAPSFAS GAPSFAS No GAPSFAS GAPSFAS Northwestern GAPSFAS Remember GAPSFAS Admissions Office Accepted GAPSF AS Admissions Office GAPSFAS Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service Box Princeton New Jersey CONTINUING STUDENT FINANCIAL AID Law School Continuing GAPSFAS Changes Students By Barring Law School SCHOLARSHIPS Law School Law School University. GAPSFAS John Henry Wigmore Clarion DeWitt Hardy Designation Wigmore Hardy Scholar While No Admissions Committee. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEDERALLY INSURED STUDENT LOAN PROGRAM Federally Insured Student Loan Program Northwestern University $ $ Through Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Loans Six Peace Corps VISTA U.S. Public Health Service Should Two $ Note Conditions Additional Office Admissions. SHORT TERM LOAN PROGRAM Interest University Short Term Student Loan Program. Students $ Further Office Registrar. Law School Loan Funds Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband $ Mr. Hodes Graduate Study Degrees School Law One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. Experience English English. Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws Also Students Graduate Committee During Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full $ More Accommodations University Chicago GRADUATE FINANCIAL AID Fellowships. Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States $ $ Normally Fellowships Students Successful Brunson MacChesney Fund. Mrs. Ruth MacChesney Brunson MacChesney Northwestern University Law School American Professor MacChesney School. He American Society International Law ABA Section International Law School Graduate Studies Program. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens Law School Placement Alumni Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean Northwestern School Law School Beyond Placement Office Through Placement Office While United States School Government School First However Graduating School Placement Office School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Furthering Working Others School United States United Nations Northwestern Through Northwestern Its United States School Law School Law Attractive School. Alumni PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent School School Law School Further Placement Office During District Columbia School Law. School Placement Office NOTE School Law THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION School Law School School. Over School Law School Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Law Alumni Association Chicago Annual Alumni Faculty Annual Alumni Weekend During Alumni Weekend Annual Alumni Dinner Law School Alumni Association Regional Law Alumni Association American Bar Association Annual Meeting Atlanta Boston Denver Des Moines Detroit Los Angeles Miami Milwaukee New York Phoenix San Diego San Francisco Seattle Washington. Law Alumni Association Officers George Kelm Carole Kamin Bellows Richard Wiley Harold Shapiro Marvin Aspen Arnold Kanter Richard Kelly Regional Vice Presidents James Adams John Barry Harold Calkins Howard Castle Arthur Davis Walter Davis Warren Eggleston Richard Flynn Franklin Gill George Googasian James Harper James Henderson Harry Horrow Lyman Hull John Logan Deborah Palmer Ronald Pearlman Norm Sevin Thomas Stanton Jon Steffenson Louis Welsh Curtis Woods Paul Ziffren Board Directors William Brady Milton Fisher James Otis Shirley Tark Jayne Carr Thompson Kenneth Whitney Isidore Brown James Hardman Frank Karaba Edward Karlin Timothy Klenk Russell Matthias Edward Bryant Jr. William Caples III Paul Kimball Jr. John Lindquist Roger Taylor Clarence Wilson Roy Adams LL.M. Arlene Erlebacher Crane Hauser Donald Hilliker Bobbie McGee Emory Naylor Jr. Eloy Burciaga Sharon Fabian Francis McConnell Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Jr. Peter Sfikas National Chairman John Lynch Members Law School Visiting Committee Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens Stefan Jr. Willard Wirtz Eugene Pincham Circuit Court Cook County Short Course Defense Lawyers Criminal Cases SCHEDULES AND HOURS School Law Calendar SCHEDULES AND HOURS Officers Faculty Staff UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack Lee Ellis Jim Carleton Student Affairs John Fields William Ihlanfeldt David Mintzer Laurence Nobles Allin Proudfoot Michael Weston Donald Collins John Margolis Jeremy Wilson William Thigpen Payson Wild LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS David Ruder Thomas Geraghty Irving Gordon William Elwin Jr. Kira Wigoda Stephen Yandle George Grossman FACULTY Kenneth Abbott John Beckstrom Robert Bennett Robert Burns Anthony Amato John Elson Legal Clinic Thomas Eovaldi Daniel Fischel Clinton Francis Freed Thomas Geraghty Northwestern Legal Clinic Stephen Goldberg Irving Gordon George Grossman James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Fred Inbau Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Steven Lubet Ian Macneil Thomas Merrill Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch Daniel Polsby Philip Postlewaite Stephen Presser James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie Victor Rosenblum Leonard Rubinowitz David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Helene Shapo Marshall Shapo Francis Spalding Richard Speidel Jon Waltz LECTURERS Roy Adams J.D. Estate Planning Estate Gift Taxation Melvin Adessa Taxation Hon. Marvin Aspen Evidence Peter Barack Securities Regulation International Business Transactions Jon Bass Patricia Bobb George Burditt Food Drug Law Theodore Clark Jr. Labor Law Jeffrey Colman Criminal Trial Advocacy Dennis Ferrazzano Real Estate Transactions Development Steven Goldman Real Estate Richard Gray Robert Hanley Trial Practice David Hilliard Trademarks Donald Hilliker Securities Regulation Carter Howard Trusts Helen Hart Jones Rodney Joslin Henry Kenoe Legal Clinic Hon. Roger Kiley Jr. Trial Practice II Richard Kling Fred Lane Kent Lawrence Commercial Arbitration John Lemker Jr. Linda Lipton Thomas Mulroy Trial Practice Beverly Pattishall Trademarks Michael Reiter Jerome Roberts Computers Law Gary Ropski Copyright Law David Sanders Hon. Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro Harriman Lecturer Partnerships Business Planning Edward Sheridan James Sprowl Hon. Earl Strayhorn Elaine Teigler Legal Bibliography Ann Williams Anton Valukas Criminal Trial Advocacy LEGAL CLINIC FULL TIME LECTURERS Roslyn Lieb Legal Clinic Mary McCormick LEGAL WRITING CLINICAL FELLOWS Kathy Morris Mejia Ruth Moscovitch Peter Zheutlin VISITING ENGLISH LEGAL WRITING FELLOW Timothy Bishop ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Barbara Abene Robin Accola Hannan Ali Carolyn Allen Theresa Anderson Elaine Cerny Admissions Clara Coleman Susan Curnick Financial Aid Cindy Diamond Travis Dobbs Elizabeth Donahue Registrar Patricia Franklin Eleanor Frame Publications Anita Grier Juana Haskins Janet Henderson Nathan Henderson Mary Ann Hoffman Cleotha Hubbard Jackie Johnson Linnie Jones Edward Kerros Nancy Ketzenberg Martha Koning Bernice LeBeau Margaret Logan Patricia Miller Sarah Mingo Jeanne Nowell Continuing Legal Education Doris Nugent Dianna Nunn Krystyna Obuchowicz Janice Priester Elizabeth Quintos Fay Reid Janet Rose Helen Saldana Jeanne Sather Darlene Shelton Dorothy Slocum Noel Spaso Francine Spearman Willie Watkins Terri Weinstein Steffani Weiss NORTHWESTERN LEGAL CLINIC Thomas Geraghty John Elson Mark Schoenfield Steven Lubet Helene Shapo Legal Writing Program Roslyn Lieb Mary McCormick Robert Burns Nancy Ketzenberg Carolyn Allen Anita Grier Larry Washington George Grossman Elaine Teigler Barbara Hycnar James Brantley Librarian John Fox Madeline Hebert Martha Jameson Mercedes Mantilla Terrence Connell Carl Yirka Marija Asbille John Campbell Maria Chase Douglas Clayton William Jacobson Mary Kenny Lynn Kincade Leah Khotemlyanskaya George Lee Don Liszewski Marta Olszanska Lucy Petrovic Rosita Ramos Ethel Rochlin Linda Stinehart Joyce Sypniewski Associate Dean Stephen Yandle United States Ambassador United Nations Donald McHenry Jeffrey Nicholas Charles Saulsberry Roster Colleges Universities Write ADDRESS ALL LAW SCHOOL MAIL TO Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois ADDRESS MAIL CONCERNING THE PARTICULAR MATTERS LISTED BELOW TO THE SPECIFIC LAW SCHOOL OFFICES INDICATED Director Graduate Studies Placement Service Admission Placement J.D. Graduate Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Law Alumni Association J.D. Ph.D. Alumni Director Program Law Social Sciences. Office Admissions Admission J.D. Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J.D. Combined J.D. M.M. Program Registrar Requests Law School Requests Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Site Law School Addition Abbott Hall INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Application Buildings Black Law Journal Black Law Students Association Calendar Center Urban Affairs Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined J.D. M.M. Program Continuing Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Curriculum Data Decalogue Society Defense Attorneys Short Course Degrees Endowed Professorships Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Health Honor Code Honors Housing International Law Society J.D. M.M. Association J.D. M.M. J.D. Ph.D. Joint Law/ Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology La Alianza Lake Shore Center Law Alumni Association Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Social Sciences Legal Clinic Legal Legal Library Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Map Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition M.M. J.D. Moot Court National Institute Trial Advocacy National Lawyers Guild Northwestern Journal International Law Business Northwestern University Law Re · Officers Order Coif Ph.D. J.D. Placement Pre Prosecuting Attorney Short Course Publications Public Interest Research Consortium Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Short Courses Sociolegal Student Student Bar Association Student Student Funded Public Interest Fellowships Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Ray Garrett Jr. Corporate Securities Law Institute Rosenthal Lectures Tax Law Society Three Transfer Transportation Center Tuition Visiting Visits School Women Caucus Withdrawal Northwestern University Bulletin School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois Philippians</text>
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                    <text>The School of Law
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1976-77

��THE SCHOOL OF LAW
ACADEMIC YEAR 1976-77

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Chicago, Illinois

Chicago Campus

1

�The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a beautiful setting
on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop.

2

�CONTENTS
Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Curriculum

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
The Law Alumni Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Roster of Colleges and Universities .. . ....... .. .... . . . 70
Index . ..... . ..... . .. .. .... . ... .. ....... . ........ 71
Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Map of Chicago Campus . .. .... . . . . .. .. . Inside back cover

Northwestern University does not discriminate against any individual on the basis of race, color, sex, religion or national origin
in matters of admissions, employment, housing or services or in
the educational programs or activities which it operates.

3

�OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF
UNIVERSITY OFFICERS

Robert H. Strotz, Ph.D., LL.D., President of the
University
Raymond W. Mack, Ph .D., Provost
Lee A. Ellis, M.P.A., Senior Vice-President for
Business and Finance
Jim G. Carleton, Ph.D., Vice-President for
Student Affairs
John E. Fields, M .B.A., Vice-President for
Development
William S. Kerr, Vice-President and Business
Manager
David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice-President for Research
and Dean of Science
Arthur T . Schmehling, C.P.A., Vice-President and
Controller
William C. Bradford, Ph.D., Associate Provost
Stephen J. Miller, Ph.D., Associate Provost
William H . Thigpen, J.D. , General Counsel
J. Roscoe Miller, M.D., LL.D., Sc.D., L.H.D.,
Litt.D., Chancellor Emeritus
Payson S. Wild, Ph.D. , LL.D., Litt.D. , Provost
Emeritus
Laurence H. Nobles, Ph.D., Dean of
Administration

LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS

James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean
Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D. , Associate Dean
Edward H . Palmer, LL.B., Associate Dean
Thomas N . Edmonds, M.B.A., Associate Dean
Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S., LL.B., Associate Dean
Stephen T. Yandle, B.A. , J.D., Assistant Dean
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J .D., B.L.S., Librarian

FACULTY

Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Oxon .), J.D.,
Associate Professor of Law (on leave first
semester)
John H . Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M.,
Professor of Law
Robert W. Bennett, B.A. , LL.B., Professor _of Law
( on leave first semester)
William C. Chamberlin, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., LLB.,
Associate Professor of Law (on leave second
semester)
Robert Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor
of Law and Director of Research
Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., J.D., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law
Karl de Schweinitz, B.A., Ph.D., Professor
of Economics and Law
Eugene Z. DuBose, Jr., A.B., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law

4

Dean James A. Rahl is the initial holder of the
Owen L. Coon Chair in Law established in
1974. The professorship bears the name of
the late Owen L. Coon (Law '19), a former
trustee and lifelong friend of the University.

�John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Associate
Professor of Law and Assistant Director,
Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic
Thomas L Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor of Law
and Associate Dean
Mayer G. Freed, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor
of Law
Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D;,
Assistant Professor of Law
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B. , J.D., Associate
Professor of Law and Director, Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic
Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LLB ., Professor of
Law
Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LLM., Professor of
Law
Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LLB., LLD.,
Professor of Law Emeritus
John P. Heinz, AB., LLB., Professor of Law
Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor
of Law
Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J.D., Associate
Professor of Law
Fred E. lnbau, B.S., LLB., LLM., John Henry
Wigmore Professor of Law
Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law
Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian
and Professor of Law
Steven Lubet, B.A., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law
Brunson MacChesney, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of
Law and Director of Graduate Studies
Nathaniel L Nathanson, B.A., LLB ., S.J.D.,
Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law
Alexander Nekam, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer
Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
Daniel D. Polsby, B.A., J.D ., Assistallt Professor
of Law
James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean and Owen L.
Coon Professor of Law
Martin H. Redish, A.B. , J.D., Associate Professor
of Law
Harry B. Reese, B.A., LLB., William W. Gurley
Professor of Law
John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., Dean Emeritus
and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law
Emeritus
William R. Roalfe, LLB., LLD., Professor of
Law Emeritus
Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Professor of
Law
Leonard S. Rubinowitz, B.A., J.D. , Associate
Professor of Law and Urban Affairs
David S. Ruder, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law
and Director of Co11tinuing Legal Education
Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S. , J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law

Daniel M. Schuyler, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus a11d Lecturer
Paul E. Slater, B.A ., J.D. , Associate Professor
of Law (on leave 1976-77)
Stephen M. Snyder, B.A. , M.P.A., J.D. , Assistant
Professor of Law
Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
and Associate Dean
Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A., M.A., J.D.,
LL.M., Associate Professor of Law (on leave
1976-77)
Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LLB., Professor of Law
N. Frank Wiggins. B.S.. J.D. , Assistant Professor
of Law

LECTURERS

Francis E. Andrew, B.A. , J.D ., Lecturer on
Clinical Trial Advocacy
Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on
Criminal Evidence
William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Accounting
James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LLM., Lecturer
on Criminal Evidence
George M. Burditt, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on Food
and Drug Law
Austin Fleming, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estate
Planning
Steven Goldman. A.B., LLB., Lecturer on
Real Estate Development
Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial
Practice
David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Robert C. Howard, B.A., J .D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
Helen Hart Jones, A.B. , LLB., LL.M., Lecturer
on Women and the Law
Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L, J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Intellectual Property
Malcolm J. Merry, B.A. (Oxon.), Lecturer on
First-Year Legal Writing and Moot Court
Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LLB., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D.,
Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A.
Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and
Partnerships
James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Lecturer on Legal
Bibliography
Merrill S. Thompson, A.B., LLB., Lecturer on
Food and Drug Law
Timothy L Tilton, B.S., J .D., Lecturer on
Intellectual Property

5

�ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION
Steven Barclay
Stephanie Bradley
Alan Cherry
Mark Chester
Ronald Craig
JoAnn Farrington
Diane Geimer
Ed Karlin
Ken Kraft
Jed Mandel
Joanne Moffic
Henry Patin
Katherine Puckett
Jay Shulman
Connie Ward
Scott Young

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Cheryl Berngard, Secretary to the Associate Dean
Veena Bhatia, B.A. , Secretary, Legal Publications
Toni Campbell, Admissions Assistant
Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Legal
Publications
Harriet G . Christiansen, Secretary, Legal
Publications
Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary
Hermann Conaway, B.S.C., Assistant Controller
Susan Curnick, B.A., Assistant Director of
Admissions
Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary
Essie Dorris, Receptionist
Margaret Eartly, Assistant Registrar
JoAnn Ewing, Admissions Assistant
Kiyo Fujiu, B.A., Secretary to the Associate Dean
Connie Harper, Faculty Secretary
Josephine Harris, Secretary to the Assistant Dean
Mary Ann Hoffman, Secretary to the Associate
Dean, Secretary of Graduate Admissions
Kay Huff, B.A., Staff Assistant
Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean
Charlene Kvederis, B.A., Assistant Director,
Personnel and Placement
Bernice LeBeau, B.S., Associate Secretary to the
Dean
Patricia Miller, B.A., Registrar
Sarah Mingo, CPT Operator and Secretary
Jeanne Nowell, B.S., Assistant Director, Alumni
Relations
Doris Nugent, Secretary to the Associate Dean
Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary
Dorothy Slocum, Research Secretary
Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary
Willie J. Watkins, Pressworker
Steffani Weiss, B.S., Secretary, Continuing Legal
Education
Richard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction
Department
6

NORTHWESTERN LEGAL
ASSISTANCE CLINIC
Thomas F . Geraghty, A.B. , J .D. , Director
John S. Elson, B.A., J.D., M.A., Assistant
Director
Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D.,
Staff Attorney

�Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney
Steven Lubet, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney
Nancy Ketzenberg, Department Assistant
Marci Jenkins, Secretary

LIBRARY
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian
and Head of Readers' Services
Gail S. Munden, B.A. , M.S. in LS. , Head of
Acquisitions and Binding
Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS.,
Head of Foreign and International Law
Timothy S. Pyne, B.A., M.L.S ., Serials Librarian
Margaret M. Snyder, B.A. , M.S.LS., Cataloging
Librarian
Milada Weber, Dr. Jur., M.S. in LS., Head of
Classification and Cataloging
Anne Zitkovich, B.S., M.A.LS., Cataloging
Librarian
Maria C. Chase, Head of Circulation and
Reference Assistant
John W. Campbell, Library Assistant

Marcelino P. Catuira, LLB., Cataloging Assistant
Frank J. Daniels, B.A. , Reference Assistant
Lance Helms, B.A., Cataloging Assistant
Selma Krahn , Cataloging Assistant
George L Lee, Library Assistant
Don Liszewski, B.A., M.A., Reference Assistant
Thomas Moran, B.A., Reference Assistant
Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant
Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant
Priscilla Waldman, B.S., Library Assistant
Eugenia Weres, Cataloging Assistant

PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Director
Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary

COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM
Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon), J .D.,
Director

CALENDAR FOR 1976-77
1976

Sept. 7
Sept. 7

Tues., 8 :30 a .m.
Tues., noon

Orientation of new students
Thanksgiving recess begins

First semester upperclass classes begin

Nov. 24

Wed., 6 :00 p.m.

Nov . 29
Dec. 21

Mon., 8:30 a.m.

Classes resume

Tues.

Thursday classes meet

Dec. 22

Wed.
Wed., 6:00 p.m.

Friday classes meet
First semester classes end; Christmas recess begins

Dec. 22
1977

Jan.7-18

Fri.-Sat ./ Mon .-Sat./ Mon-Tues.

First semester examination period

Jan. 24

Mon., 8:30 a.m.

Mar. 19
Mar. 28
May 14
May 18-28
June 18

Sat., noon

Second semester classes begin
Spring recess begins

Mon ., 8:30 a.m .
Sat., noon

Classes resume
Second semester classes end

Wed.-Sat./Mon .-Sat .

Second semester examination period
One Hundred and Nineteenth Annual Commencement

Sat.

SCHEDULES AND HOURS
Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m.
The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term.
The law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a .m. to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday,
from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday, and from 12 noon to 11 p.m. on Sunday.

7

��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no
occasion to study the law; when the law begins
to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth."
-David Dudley Field, at the
dedication of the Law School,
September 21, 1859.

LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN
The first Jaw school in its state and region
and one of the oldest in the nation,
Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich
heritage. Since its founding in 1859, it has been
dedicated to the education of men and women
for all branches of endeavor in the Jaw under
the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks
the character of the Law School today.
Long identified with progressive movements
in legal education, the Law School has always
sought to prepare students for the broad
challenge of the future. To this end, the
program of instruction is designed to foster an
understanding of the principles that guide
growth and change in the Jaw.
Early in its history the Law School adopted
a policy of limited enrollment to promote
educational quality. Today Northwestern
remains a law school of medium size, small in
comparison with others of national standing,
with approximately 550 students seeking their
first degree in law. The substantial size of the
faculty gives the School one of the two or three
lowest student-faculty ratios found among the
leading law schools. This makes a close
working relationship between student and
teacher possible, thereby fostering professional
training of the highest order and providing an
opportunity for the development of each
student's unique capabilities.

LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES
The Law School is situated on the shore of
Lake Michigan near the business center of
Chicago. Not far to the south, along the lakefront, lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins,
museums of art, science, and natural history,
a planetarium, and an aquarium. Nearby are
Orchestra Hall, home of the Chicago
Symphony Orchestra, and the Chicago Public

Library. To the north extends the Gold
Coast, an area of residential apartments
separated from the lake by a continuous series
of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating
facilities. Near the campus, to the west, is one
of the city's centers of art and entertainment.
A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the
central business and shopping area of Chicago
and the legal and financial center of the region.
Here, convenient for student visits, are located
the offices of federal, state, and municipal
governments, including trial and appellate
courts of both the state and federal
governments, ranging from the local small
claims courts to the United States Court of
Appeals.
The Law School constitutes part of the
self-contained professional campus of
Northwestern University, where several other
buildings house the Medical School and the
Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne
Hall, containing an 800-seat auditorium and
housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance
Clinic; Abbott Hall, the 18-story student
residence for the men and women enrolled in
the professional schools; and hospitals which
are members of The McGaw Medical Center
of Northwestern University.
Living and studying on a self-sufficient
graduate campus, the law student remains free
from the distractions of undergraduate life.
The original campus of the University, where
the main body of about 6,300 full-time undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students
is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban
Evanston.
The Evanston campus, available and
accessible to Law School students for courses
and seminars, general library resources,
cultural activities, and athletic events, has
been the focus of the First Plan for the
Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range
9

�program to maintain the University as a major
center of teaching, scholarship, and research.
The $12-million University Library, key
academic facility of the First Plan, opened in
1970. Other new facilities are the Norris
University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical
Research Center, 0. T. Hogan Biological
Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building ( the
communicative disorders center), Nathaniel
Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of
Management's new headquarters on the
Evanston campus), School of Education
Building, Rebecca Crown Center (the
University's administration building), and
new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall, part of the developing
fine and performing arts complex, was
completed in 1975.
The University recently announced a new
$177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward
the Eighties." The major thrust of the
campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for
current and future educational operations;
some $49 million is being sought for a
building program.

LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS
Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning
requires no elaborate apparatus. For the
serious student, however, a stimulating and
congenial environment contributes to the
educational process. Good professional
training requires more than a comprehensive
library and classrooms designed for effective
teaching. There must be places for reflection
and concentration and arrangements conducive
to informal interchange between student and
student and between student and teacher. The
atmosphere should imbue the student of law
with an appreciation for the finest traditions
of the bar and for the professional heritage
the student will share.
The Law School consists of a complex
of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle
occupying the block between Chicago Avenue
and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive.
The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and
the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in
1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the
Owen L. Coon Library were completed in
1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a
handsome garden which is frequently used for
open-air discussions and study.
In interior design and ornament, the
10

buildings of the School are rich in the lore of
the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings,
etchings, and photographs, collected by the late
Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States,
Engl and , and abroad, are hung about the
School to illustrate the people and events of
the law throughout history and throughout the
world.

CLASSROOMS
The Law School contains seven major
classrooms. These generous facilities make it
possible to schedule a number of classes at the
same time. Most classes, including all those in
the first year, are divided into sections. As a
consequence, the number of students attending
a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often
much smaller. Such classes, small by general
law school standards, encourage responsible
participation by each student in the probing,
analytical discussion that is the mark of legal
education at Northwestern. The design of
Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms,
was suggested by that of the British House of
Commons.
In addition to the major classrooms, the
School has four seminar rooms scaled and
furnished to provide comfortable and congenial
surroundings for smaller study groups. The
seminars of the second and third years meet
here, numbering typically from 10 to 15
students seated informally around a table with
one or more faculty members for a detailed
analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers
of legal development. In such study, the
student necessarily bears a large measure of
responsibility for giving direction and substance
to the discussion.
For instruction in trial and appellate
practice, the School has a fully-equipped,
modern courtroom. Complete with witness
stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for
spectators, it accommodates actual criminal
and civil trials conducted occasionally by
courts sitting in Illinois and is used for the
teaching of trial practice.

iiii

LIBRARY
The indispensable instruments of the
lawyer's calling are books, and a
comprehensive and well-arranged library is
essential to effective training for the
profession. The library with its associated
research facilities is the heart of the Law
School.

I

�The Northwestern Law School Library
consists of two buildings integrated physically
and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary
Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In
combination, the library occupies a full side of
the Law School quadrangle extending from
Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and
includes four floors of working area. The
Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original
Law School buildings, is named for the donor
of the building who also established the Gary
Fund, which provided for the acquisition of
substantial parts of the original collection and
also provides in part for the current purchase
of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in
1960, is named in recognition of a substantial
gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation.
With its collection of more than 334,000
volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest
law libraries in the Western Hemisphere. Even
more important than size, however, is the
utility of the collection. The main reading
room of the library occupies the highest floor
of the building and is divided by shelved
partitions into dozens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working
tables and chairs to provide convenient
accommodations close by the books. The
arrangement is repeated on the lower floors,
with the addition of a number of individual
carrels for sustained and concentrated research.
Included on a lower level are glass-walled
study and typing areas with individual
soundproof carrels open to any student for
typing a research paper or reorganizing course
notes.
The library is operated with an open-stack
policy to bring readers and books together
without unnecessary formalities. The student is
free to browse and to search at will through the
collection, and may call upon the expert fulltime staff of 22 if in need of guidance, aid,
or suggestions. The library is open daily
throughout the year and in the evenings as
well, whenever the School is in session. To
provide for the heavy demands of faculty
research, a separate working collection is
maintained in the Faculty Library.
The course of instruction has been designed
not only to provide basic instruction in the use
of legal materials but also to encourage full use
of the library's large resources and to afford
every student extensive opportunity for
independent scholarly research.
The Law School Library's Anglo-American
collection includes almost all the reported
11

�decisions of the courts of the United States, its
separate states and territories, Great Britain
and the Commonwealth, together with their
statutes and session laws and subsidiary
publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated
cases , textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working
collection for every legal system in the English
language. A well-selected, comprehensive
collection of United States government
documents is maintained for the teaching
program and for the use of the legal profession
in general. A complete collection of documents
is available at the University Library on the
Evanston campus, which is a designated
government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a
selection of works in the fields of history,
economics, and government and includes a
special collection on law and the social
sciences. The library also receives every
current legal periodical of general interest
printed in the English language.
About one-third of the total collection
is made up of works in the fields of foreign
and international law. The comprehensive
materials in foreign law include the codes,
treatises, decisions, and journals of all major
European countries and Japan and good
working collections in Latin-American law.
At an early date the library began to build a
complete collection in the law of nations,
going beyond the domestic laws of the separate
countries to emphasize the rules of law
controlling their relations with each other. This
large collection includes the documents of the
international organizations, the international
courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic
documents, treatises, and monographs and
periodicals from all parts of the world. The
collection permits original and useful work to
be carried on in the field of public and private
international law.
Holdings in other specialized fields include a
comprehensive collection of treatises,
periodicals, and documents in criminal law and
its administration, and a special collection of
materials in aeronautics, including aviation law,
commerce, and other works in the field,
exclusive of technical engineering publications.
In addition, the library includes outstanding
collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal
history, comparative law, and valuable
resources in Roman law. Especially notable are
the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments
dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises
12

more than 500 original manuscript
instruments executed in connection with landed
estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of
Early European Law, established in 1949 by
Joseph L. Shaw (LLB., 1903).
The Law School Library is independent in
administration and organization, but its
comprehensive resources are supplemented in
specialized areas through inter-library loans
and other cooperative arrangements with the
general University Library, departmental
libraries, and the major public, educational,
and legal collections in the region.
A special feature of the library is its
distinguished rare book collection, housed in
the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room
adjoining the main reading room. These early
volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been
acquired through the years and represent a
variety of fields . Many are first editions of the
classics of the law, including a number of
manuscripts and incunabula (books printed
before 1500). A number are either unique or
the only copies in the Western Hemisphere.
The value of these books is not primarily
antiquarian, however. They have been
gathered and selected because they are
indispensable for effective legal research in
areas that may be vital both to scholars and
to practitioners.
Provision has also been made for the use of
the materials of legal research of the future.
A section of the library is fully fitted with the
basic equipment for use of microfilm and
microcards, designed to replace conventional
books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk
and deterioration.
As a practitioner of a learned profession, the
lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage
a wide-ranging interest among the students, a
section of the main reading room has been set
aside for casual reading in fields of current or
general significance. Comfortably furnished,
the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current
periodicals and a broad selection of
biographical and miscellaneous works.

LIBRARY FUNDS
In addition to a general University
appropriation, the Law School Library is
supported by many annual gifts by alumni and
friends and by a number of special
endowments.
The largest endowment funds for the Library
are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in
1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then

�Chairman of the United States Steel
Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull
Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in
memory of Norris E. Crull (LL.B., 1909) .
In 194 7, under the auspices of the Law
Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore
Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LL.B.,
1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes
Fund for the creation and maintenance of a
collection on local government. In 1967,
Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs.
Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M.
Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A. Shapiro
Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in
memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D.,
1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County,
and Walter H . Moses established the Adolph
Moses Endowment Fund.
For a number of years Paul W. Cutler (J.D.,
1931) annually has provided funds to enrich
the collection in fields such as biography,

history, political science, and literature for the
Cutler Browsing Alcove. In addition,
Mr. Cutler is annually providing funds for
development of an especially fine collection
on the European Common Market and on
international business law.
Two gifts to the Law School in 1970
provided for the purchase of books for the
library. A substantial bequest of Louis
Manierre established the George Manierre
Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams
increased the library's endowment fund.
In 1971, the library received a substantial
bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar
Wigmore, in memory of the late Professor
Robert Wyness Millar, a member of the Law
faculty, 1915-42, and professor emeritus,
1942-59. The income from this fund is to be
used for the purchase of books.
The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided
a major endowment in 1972 for the purchase
13

�of books, materials, and equipment, known as
the Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Library
Fund.
In 1974, under the will of Albert Kocourek,
a fund was established for the purchase of
books on jurisprudence. Professor Kocourek
was a member of the Law faculty, 1907-40,
and professor emeritus, 1940-52.
In 1975, a bequest of Walter W. Winget
provided a major endowment for the purchase
of books on real property, wills, and probate
law. Mr. Winget received his J.D. degree from
Northwestern in 1926 and practiced law for
many years in Peoria, Illinois.

OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES
Although hours in the classroom and the
library predominate both for students and for
faculty, there must be provision for the
informal give-and-take discussion in which
student lawyers hone their skills in analysis and
expression, and for moments of relaxation.
Lowden Hall, named for the first of several
of the School's alumni to serve as governor of
Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is
rich with reminders of the history of law and
the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are
available to students and faculty during the
morning hours under the auspices of the
Junior Bar Association. On the lower level are
lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two
rooms equipped with tables for a coffee break
or light luncheon.
Separate offices are provided for student
activities, including the Junior Bar Association,
the Northwestern University Law Review, the
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology ,
the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition,
and certain student organizations.

Faculty offices which open directly onto
main corridors for access without formalities
or intermediaries foster frequent and fruitful
informal meetings between student and teacher.

STUDENT RESIDENCE
Living and working together, law students
gain advantages that are significant if not
readily apparent. Casual conversation and
earnest discussion contribute to the
development of the prospective lawyer's powers
and personality. The stimulation and discipline
students give one another have an impact that
is directly evident in the classroom.
The ancient ancestors of modern law
schools, the English Inns of Court, depended
solely upon the influences of students' living,
eating, and arguing informally together to
produce lawyers of professional qualification.
For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the
Law School becomes the center of everyday
life. The library and the classrooms are
accessible, the distractions of commuting are
avoided, and the student can concentrate
time and attention on preparing for the practice
of law.
For these reasons, all law students, except
married students and those whose homes are
within easy commuting distance of the School,
are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is
designed to provide convenient living quarters
and to provide an atmosphere for development
of personal qualities which are so essential to
a lawyer, but which for the most part fall
outside the sphere of formal training.
The building, 18 stories high, overlooks
Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from
Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of
Indiana limestone and conforms in

Plan of a typical residential floor
in Abbott Hall

18

17

14

�architectural style to the classroom buildings on
the campus. The first two floors and the
basement contain common rooms for social
and recreational purposes; the upper 16
have private accommodations, with a lounge on
each of the upper floors. The first floor
contains general offices and a bookstore.
On the second floor are a large student lounge
and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball,
squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and
table tennis are available in the basement.
Floors are reserved for the students of the
School of Law. Rooms are equipped
with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring
mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs,
draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not
furnished . Each room has a double closet.
(Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the
basement.)
The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall
is reasonable and is below the rates charged
for other desirable accommodations in the
same part of the city. For the academic year
1976-77, the room rates range from $523 to
$730 per person per room. Before a room is
occupied, a contract for the academic year is
signed by the applicant.
Students may eat breakfast, lunch, and
dinner cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious
dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot
and cold foods are also available in the vending
canteen on the second floor. Students may pay
cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign
board contracts. Students who choose the
contract plan get 12 or 18 meals per week
Monday through Saturday and have the
privilege of unlimited portions at all meals
except certain specials. The cost of a school
year board contract is $775 for 12 meals and
$900 for 18 meals per week.
The Division of Student Finance issues the
residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills
are issued for payments on October 1, January
1, and April I . Bills are due upon presentation
and are payable at the Cashier's Office in
Abbott Hall .
Applications, together with a $50 room
deposit, should be filed as early as possible.
For room application, address the Manager,
Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Abbott Hall also has a very limited number
of furnished apartments for married students.
Two types of accommodations are available :
efficiency ( one room) apartments ranging from

$153 to $169 a month, including utilities ; and
one-bedroom apartments ranging from $191 to
$218 a month, including utilities. Apartments
require a deposit of $100 to get on the waiting
list.
Rental apartments also are available in
private buildings in the vicinity of the Law
School or within easy commuting distance.
The Off-Campus Housing Office in Abbott
Hall provides listings for students who prefer
to live off campus.

STUDENT HEALTH
Entering students are required to present
records of recent physical examination.
The Student Health Service for all students
in schools on the Chicago campus is located
at 222 East Superior Street, room 334.
Available medical services and limited hospital
and surgical coverage are described in the
Student Health Bulletin which each student
receives upon initial registration. Supplemental
hospital insurance and surgical coverage,
necessary to provide more complete coverage
of hospital costs of students and their
dependents, is available at nominal rates.
The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m. to 4: 30
p.m. Physicians' hours are posted on the
Student Health Service bulletin board. In an
emergency, a student may report to the nurse
in charge, room 334, during regular clinic
hours. Acute illness occurrin~ outside those
hours should be reported to the Emergency
Room at Passavant Pavilion of Northwestern
Memorial Hospital.
Students are liable for the payment of
medical expenses incurred in the hospital
emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient
departments on unauthorized visits. An
unauthorized visit is one which has not had
the prior approval of the Health Service
excepting, of course, when circumstances of
time or physical condition make this
impracticable. Students are also liable for the
full payment of other medical expenses incurred
without prior approval of the Director of
Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond
those provided by the Health Service are
advised as indicated, but are the financial
responsibility of the students.

15

��" [Here the] teaching will ... give men what
they want to know when they go out to fight,
but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as
well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in
the long battle the little flutter that means ideals,
honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details."
-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes,
at the dedication of earlier Law
School buildings, October 20,
1902.

THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION
The purpose of the Law School is to prepare
its graduates for effective service in all fields of
law-to qualify men and women not only for
the private practice of the profession but also
for careers in government service, in commerce
and finance, and in legal education. The
curriculum does not concentrate upon
imparting knowledge of the legal rules
applicable in any one jurisdiction or region.
Rather, it concentrates upon the development
of the fundamental capacities and skills of the
lawyer.
Human activity is infinitely varied and everchanging. Law, bringing order and direction
to human relations, involves a continuous
process of growth and adjustment. Every legal
problem that comes to the lawyer is, in a
sense, unique. Effective professional education
must, therefore, prepare the student to deal
with situations never before encountered, to
direct the resources of the law to new fields
of human endeavor, and to handle not the
problems of the past but the cases of
the future.

INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE
Reflecting this objective, the program of
instruction in the Law School differs markedly
from the usual undergraduate instruction. It
requires, of course, diligence and effort for a
mastery of the formal materials of the course.
Beyond this foundation, the instruction
demands of the individual student the thought
and initiative needed to extend learning beyond
the limits of the materials and to stretch powers
of analysis. As the lawyer must deal with new
situations throughout professional life, so the
student lawyer is taught to transcend rote
learning and to find his or her way in
unfamiliar contexts. The result is an

intellectual challenge that is both rewarding
and stimulating. The individual student is
spurred to go as far as mind and industry
will carry.

CLASSES
The law student typically attends classes for
15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings
are scheduled throughout the morning and
afternoon Monday through Friday with time
for study between classes. There are occasional
special class meetings on Saturday, although
generally that day is available for uninterrupted
individual study and research. Two or three
times as many hours as are spent in class are
devoted to individual study. Time spent in
co-curricular activities and independent
research must be added to the requirements
of course work. The study of law, therefore,
is a full-time occupation.
In a typical Law School term, the student's
class attendance is distributed among four or
five courses. Some of the subjects represent
ancient categories of the law. Course titles
such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and
Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of
Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed
since those early days in the law, and even
these traditional subjects have altered
substantially in content. Today in Torts, the
focus is on such disparate objects as the
automobile and the atom and upon the legal
problem each presents to an energized society.
Property law today concerns itself not only
with ancient learning but also with topics such
as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law
more and more is concerned with psychiatry,
with modern correctional theories, and with
protection of the fundamental rights of the

17

�accused. The law of Contracts today finds
itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject
matter of tomorrow-plastics, space projects,
the building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of
research and development skills.
The changing character of law is reflected in
the content of traditional courses, altered to
keep pace with a changing society. It is
reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced
by the Law School into the law curriculum to
deal with emerging areas of legal service. The
lawyer is a full-time student for only one period
in his or her professional life. Within the limits
of the possible, education in that brief span
must be for the responsibilities of the legal
profession, not just for the day, but for the half
century of lawyer's work that lies ahead.
Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law
were introduced into the basic program of the
Law School during the formative years of those
subjects, anticipating the current recognition of
their significance. Courses and seminars in
International Law, Scientific Evidence,
Consumer Protection, Comparative Law, and
Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings
designed to meet the needs of the profession
in the years to come.

FACULTY
The basic instruction in the Law School
program is conducted by the full-time resident
faculty, who make teaching their first
responsibility. Each member is experienced in
private practice, in responsible government
posts, or both. Many are called upon for
consultation and advice by government
agencies and private groups and are active in
the organizations and affairs of the legal
profession and the community. Their scholarly
activities include the delivery of lectures and
addresses before legal and public bodies and
the preparation of learned treatises and articles.
Such activities serve to complement and to
enrich the instruction. The casebooks and
other teaching materials for a majority of the
courses offered in the School were prepared by
the faculty members who teach those courses,
and many are widely used, standard works in
their respective fields.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
In recognition of the lawyer's function of
articulating the conflicting interests of society,
instruction in modern law schools is conducted
principally through participation by the class.

18

No longer does the student lawyer listen
passively in a lecture audience. To maximize
the opportunity for active participation
afforded each student, Northwestern Law
School has adopted a curricular policy
emphasizing instruction through relatively
small classes and seminars. First-year courses
enrolling 175 students or more have no place
in the Law School program. The entering
student will attend classes approximately half
that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment
and commonly range in size from 10 to 15
students. Advanced individual work is
conducted under the personal supervision of
one or more members of the faculty.
Instruction of this kind requires a low
student-faculty ratio. The program of the
School is based upon the conviction that this
concentration of educational resources upon
the individual student is the most effective way
to develop the skills that distinguish the legal
profession.

The Case Method
The case method of teaching, employed
principally in the formal courses, particularly
those offered in the first year, is founded upon
the premise that the first objective of law
training is to develop an understanding on the
part of the student of how and why the courts
decide cases as they do. The method was
adopted at the Law School in the earliest years
of its development. The materials of study are
the actual decisions of courts, embodied in
written opinions rendered in real and disputed
cases, rather than a textbook compendium of
legal rules. The cases themselves are the
specimens of legal controversy to be examined
and dissected. The student is brought to the
level of a participant in the proceeding,
analyzing each stage in the course of litigation
and each step in the process of decision.
Through painstaking scrutiny of a large
number of cases, the student shares vicariously
the experiences of the lawyers and judges who
conducted them and thereby gains an
understanding of the judicial process based on
first-hand observation of the law in action.
Although the case method varies in i~s use
with the approach of the professor, the
teaching styles grouped under this heading have
certain characteristic elements in common.
Under the case system it is essential that
students prepare thoroughly and intensively
before class. The course materials for this

�preparation consist of a casebook, a collection
of actual decisions in related kinds of
controversy. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture
but rather a discussion of several of these cases,
conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue
between the teacher and students. Questions
are designed to test the student's understanding
of the case, to identify the considerations that
controlled the decision, and to probe its
implications for similar situations and its
relation to other decisions.
Although the professor may upon occasion
depart from the interrogating role to explain
the background of a legal problem or to give
direction to the class discussion, the essence of
the case method is the collective probing and
searching in which the student's own powers of
reason and analysis are tempered and
developed. The system is in fact designed to
revert to the student, after he or she has
digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas
developed in group discussion, the task of
developing an understanding, first, of what
courts and administrative agencies do and why
they do it and, second, of how to participate
effectively in the process. From the outset of
a law school career the student is thus led to
do what one has to do throughout professional
life-think, analyze, and decide on one's own
initiative.

the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact they
are frequently drawn from life. Consultative
practice by some members of the faculty and
the generally close relationship between the
School and the practicing profession combine
to provide the student in a problem-method
course with an experience that closely
approximates the practice of law.
Characteristically, in a course taught by this
method, the student submits before the class
session a short memorandum solution to the
problem, based on his or her analysis of
relevant source material. In the class session,
the student or a classmate is invited to explain
the legal issues presented by the problem

The Problem Method
The problem method, an instructional
technique originated at the Law School and
now widely employed throughout legal
education, is used in many second and
third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not
upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as
such. The focus of the student's work and of
the class session is rather a set of facts raising
legal problems for which there may indeed be
no authoritative solution. The student's task is
to take the available materials in the form of
decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings
and to construct or create a solution to the
problem.
Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where
the businessman asks for advice on a proposed
transaction. Or the transaction may already
have taken place, and the problem concerns
the consequences to be attached to the
transaction by the federal or state government
by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the
problems are much like those which come to
19

�situation and the views he or she takes of those
issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows .

Clinical Training and Practice Courses
Clinical training and practice courses
preserve in the Law School the advantages
which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an
earlier day when there were no law schools,
and the lawyer trained for the bar by working
in the office of an established lawyer, observing
the practice of law, and learning through trial
and error the arts and skills of the profession.
In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal
education the idea of giving law students actual
experience in practice through the medium of
assisting in the provision of legal services to the
poor. This idea has been a part of the
curriculum since that time and is now
developed in clinical programs and courses
supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne
Hall , next door to the Law School, students
working under faculty supervision gain
practical experience in consulting with clients,
interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings
and other documents in a wide variety of cases,
both civil and criminal. Students also assist
the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for
and conduct of trials and, under the rules of
the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on
behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar
in many respects to that provided during the
internship period in medical education.
During the first year, all students are
instructed in the techniques of oral and written
argument in the course in Moot Court.
Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is
required to prepare a written brief in
compliance with prevailing professional
standards and to argue the case, opposed by
a fellow student, under courtroom conditions,
before an appellate court composed of alumni
and faculty members. This instruction is
continued on a voluntary basis in the second
year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition.
In the third year, the student is offered a
choice of beginning and advanced trial practice
courses. The instruction provides the student
with actual experience in pre-trial preparation,
examining witnesses, presenting evidence, and
arguing to a jury. The student thus learns by
doing, not merely by precept, what the trial
lawyer must be able to do in court.

20

Much of the lawyer's practice is carried on
in the office, not in the courtroom. To prepare
its graduates for the work of counseling,
advising, and planning, the Law School offers
several courses in which the student is called
upon to solve client problems and draw the
legal instruments and documents which the
practicing attorney must be able to prepare.

Seminars
Seminars are offered in the second and third
years in a variety of fields. Here the student is
free to select subjects of special interest
and to explore new areas of the law. In a
group commonly numbering from 10 to 15,
with the guidance of a senior faculty member,
the student engages in intensive individual
work on some aspect of the general subject
embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut
across traditional disciplinary boundaries and
include materials and participants from such
fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and
political science. Often the seminar student
writes a major paper and presents this product
of his or her own research and analysis for
the critical consideration of the seminar group.
Legal Writing Skills
Every student is offered the opportunity
during his or her Law School career to develop
writing skills. In the first year, each student is
required to take a course which provides
supervised experience in written communication
with particular reference to the field of law.
In the second and third years, further
experience is gained in supervised writing.
Before graduation each student is required to
complete one or more of the following :
• Editorial work meeting established standards
on the Northwestern University Law Review
or the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology .
• Participation in the Julius H . Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court Competition
as a member of a Law School team during
the third year.
• Participation in the Jessup International
Law Moot Court Competition.
• Participation in the Senior Research
Program.
• Enrollment in a seminar which requires
presentation of preliminary and revised

�drafts which receive careful editorial
criticism prior to submission of the final
draft of the paper.

Senior Research Program
The Senior Research Program in the third
year is an innovation by Northwestern
introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a
student, with faculty approval, may elect to
devote as many as 12 credit-hours-close to
half of the third year-to advanced research
under the personal supervision of one or more
members of the faculty. During the second
year a student interested in this program may
choose a research subject with the assistance
and approval of a faculty member who is
interested in the same field and who will serve
as the student's supervisor. Because of the
flexibility of the curriculum, the student may
arrange a schedule to include Law School
courses and seminars which provide necessary
background for the proposed work. In the
third year the student meets at least weekly
with the faculty supervisor to discuss the
progress of the research. The final paper or
report must be approved by a faculty
committee.
The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist"
of the student, but rather to afford the
intellectual experience of exploring a subject to
its depths; of sharpening one's powers of
analysis, observation, and communication; and
of making a genuine contribution to research.
Depending upon the nature of the subject,
projects may require research in the law
library and may also draw upon other
resources, including other libraries in the
University and the community; other
departments of the University, where course or
seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry
may be taken; or the community itself, where
field research may be undertaken. The
program also permits, with careful advance
planning and approval, work in other parts of
the nation or the world. For example, different faculty-student teams have engaged in
research for periods of six months in several
African nations as a part of the Senior
Research Program.
Faculty participants in the program carry
a classroom teaching load which is lighter than
normal so that they may devote more time to
the research, discussion, and critique necessary
to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of
traditional individual study projects or seminar

work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the
program grows into joint, cooperative
student-teacher research approaches, more
significant-not only in substance but also in
working relationship-than anything heretofore
possible in a law school setting. Many
joint books and articles have been published as
a result.
The challenges and rewards promised by the
Senior Research Program are many. As a
supplement to older techniques, the individual
learning and teaching offered by the program
provide significant further enrichment for
students willing and able to meet its demands
for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work.
The program is expected to serve, too, the
School's established goal of making increased
contributions on the frontiers of the law.
Most significant of all, perhaps, are the
opportunities for student and teacher to work
together in concrete ways toward the common
end of advancing the highest traditions of the
law as a learned profession and as a servant
of society.

THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM
In the last century, Northwestern, setting the
norm in legal education, was among the first of
the nation's law schools to require three years
of study for a degree in law. Beginning
students enter the Law School in September
and attend the two semesters of the regular
academic year for three years.
During the first year of law study, the
student follows a course designed to provide
an understanding of basic legal principles and
concepts and to give a solid grounding in the
fundamentals indispensable for all branches of
the profession. Here the student encounters the
grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort,
and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law
and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court
meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in
which the lawyer's basic tools and the firstyear student's individual problems in dealing
with them are under careful scrutiny.
Each entering student is assigned a
faculty member as adviser. This advisory
relationship is available in the first year to ease
the adjustment to the demands of law study.
Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and
mentor as the student plans the work of his
or her last two years.
The wide range of electives offered by the
Law School in the second and third years

21

�James R. Thompson, '59 (right), former U.S. Attorney,
visiting the Law School.

enables students who so wish to attain a degree
of concentration. Moreover, seminars often
provide opportunities for further exploration
of a field in a new context. For example,
questions of criminal procedure may be treated
in a paper written for the Civil Liberties
seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional
Law may be studied in a seminar on
Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps
most significant, however, is the opportunity to
sample a wide variety of problems in the law
and to foster new interests thus discovered.
For those courses which have two sections, the
School's policy of scheduling the sections at
different times and often in different semesters
is intended to permit the students to select
virtually any combination of elective courses
in the last two years.

JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW
AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Northwestern University has pioneered in
research integrating the study of law and the
social sciences. The joint degree allows
students to earn the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one
of the social sciences in five years, including
four years of courses and a dissertation year.
The primary objective of this program is to
produce scholars who have the skills necessary
to do basic and applied research on legal
systems. To do such research successfully, it is
essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as
a professional, both in law and in social
science. The graduates of this program qualify
for admission to the Bar and are competent

22

to practice law. They are also fully trained
in both the theory and methods of social
science and experienced in field research on
legal systems.
The program admits up to five students per
year.
Applicants interested in this program may
write for further information to Mrs. Mae
Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences,
Northwestern University, 357 E. Chicago Ave.,
Chicago, Ill. 6061 I.

THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM
A student may earn the Master of
Management (M.M.) and the Juris Doctor
(J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if
he or she enrolls in both the Graduate School
of Management and the School of Law as a
participant in the combined degree program.
If earned independently, these degrees would
require a total of five years of study. Under
the combined degree program, the J.D. degree
may be earned by taking a minimum of 75
semester-hours in the School of Law, an
additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward
this degree being given for work completed in
the Graduate School of Management.
Similarly, the M.M. may be earned by taking
18 course units of work, additional credit for
6 course units being given for work completed
in the School of Law. Joint credit is given,
however, orrly to those enrolled in the program.
The precise order in which work is taken
may be determined individually. A typical
program might be a full year of study in one

�school and a full year of study in the other,
followed by combined study in both law and
management during the third and fourth years.
Every participant, however, must complete one
academic year of study exclusively in each
school before enrolling for a program of
courses in both schools.
An applicant to the combined degree
program should apply separately to each of the
schools, following procedures prescribed by
each school. To qualify for the combined
program, an applicant must be admitted to both
schools. After admission, the applicant must
signify which school he or she wishes to attend
first.
A student already enrolled in one school may
apply for the combined program by seeking
admission to the other school during his or her
first year of study in either the School of
Management or the School of Law.
A student in the combined program may be
considered for financial assistance separately by
each school for the first year he or she is
enrolled in that school and by both schools
when taking courses in both schools.

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
Programs for the second and third years
must have the written approval of the student's
assigned faculty adviser. In their second year,
students may register for no more than one
seminar in any semester. In any semester
third-year students may register for no more
than two seminars requiring the writing of
substantial papers.
Regular attendance is required in all courses.
No student should enroll in any course without
the intention and capability of satisfying this
requirement. Failure to attend regularly may
cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for
courses, additional remedial work, denial of
residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions
at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean.

EXAMINATIONS
Regular examinations are given in all formal
courses. In accordance with the prevailing
practice in legal education, a single final
examination is usually given, without periodic
or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive
treatment of the subject matter and to measure
the student's capacity to work with and master
a substantial body of material. Although
examinations provide the most important

source for determining the student's relative
achievement, consideration may also be given
to the written work done in connection with a
course and to the preparation of assignments
for recitation as reflected in classroom
discussion. In seminars, examinations are not
ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the
products of individual research and
participation in the seminar discussions.
With the permission of the Dean, students
who are eligible but who for good reason are
unable to take an examination may take the
next regularly scheduled examination in the
course, take the examination late, or, in unusual
cases, be given a special examination.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
Specific graduation requirements and details
of the grading system are set forth in the
"Rules of Northwestern University School of
Law," published separately.
In general, to be recommended for the
degree of Juris Doctor, a student must complete
and earn credit in the 14 semester-hours of
the first semester; the remaining 13 semesterhours of required first-year courses; and at
least 63 semester-hours of elective work; in
not less than six or more than seven semesters
in residence. After the first semester, in order
to remain in good standing, students enrolled
prior to September 1, 1975 must earn
satisfactory grades (Honors, Satisfactory, or
Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed; for graduation purposes, such
students must earn satisfactory grades in twothirds of the credit-hours completed after the
first semester, except that hours of Pass (P)
may be offset by hours of Honors (H).
A new grading system applicable to students
enrolling for the first time in the fall of 197 5
and thereafter, and for all students commencing
September 1977, has been adopted. It provides
for letter grades A+, A, B+, B, C+, C, D
and F. After the first semester, in order to
remain in good standing and for graduation
purposes, a student's average must fall between
a C + and a C for credit-hours attempted
subsequent to the first semester.
In addition, before graduation, the students
must meet the writing requirement described
above.
The faculty may change the requirements for
graduation at any time. This responsibility,
however, is not exercised in a manner which
will place an undue burden upon an enrolled
23

�student who has planned his or her program
on the basis of previously announced
requirements.
Instructors may establish one or more
prerequisites for enrollment in particular
courses and seminars in the second and third
years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites
may be courses taken previously or to be
taken concurrently.

DEGREES
Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of
the University upon students who are
recommended by the faculty of the School of
Law. Before a student is recommended for a
degree, he or she must have satisfied the
faculty as to character, and the student must
have complied with the requirements for the
degree for which he or she is a candidate.
The first degree in law awarded by the
University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is
conferred upon students who have satisfactorily
completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours
of credit in the School of Law, including the
required courses described under Graduation
Requirements. The work must be pursued
during a residence period of three academic
years or the equivalent. The last year must be
in residence at Northwestern University
School of Law, and in the case of students
transferring from another law school,
a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit
must be earned at Northwestern.
When the faculty believes that the
candidate's record of scholarship merits special
recognition, the degree may be awarded cum
laude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude.
Degrees conferred upon students who have
already obtained their first degrees in law are
described later in the information concerning
Graduate Study in Law.

COURSE LOAD
Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term,
in the opinion of the faculty, represent the
maximum amount of work which a good
student can do effectively under favorable
conditions. On the other hand, each student is
expected to register for not less than 14
credit-hours of work each term.

LIMITED ENROLLMENT
The seminars, the courses and the work in
the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic are
limited in enrollment. The School cannot
24

assure that all students wishing to enroll in a
particular seminar, course, or Clinic program
can be accommodated.

COURSE NUMBERING
Each Law School curricular offering is
assigned a seven- or eight-digit number as
follows:
01 - 320 - 74 Evidence
01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I
(The Law School code within the University is
13; it is used to precede course numbers only
where necessary to distinguish Law School
courses from offerings of other schools of the
University.)
The first two digits identify broad fields
of study, as follows:
01 Procedure and Practice
02 Criminal Law
03 Torts
04 Contracts and Cont1act Consequences
05 Property
06 Family Structure and Arrangements
07 Business Structure and Regulation
08 Taxation
09 Governmental Structure and
Function
10 Admiralty, International Law, and
Foreign Law
11 Social Issues
12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and
Legal History
The next three ( or four) digits identify the
particular course. The first of these three
digits also identifies level and place in the
curriculum, as follows:
100 Required first-year course
200 Elective course open to first-year
students
300 Upperclass elective course without
prerequisites
400 Upperclass elective course with
prerequisite ( s)
500 Seminar without prerequisites
600 Seminar with prerequisite(s)
700 Clinical course
800 Senior Research
900 (reserved)
Where a course is a part of a subject
sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II,
the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the
course's placement within the sequence.
The final two digits identify the section and
instructor.

�CURRICULUM

FffiST-YEAR COURSES

Required
Courses

Elective
Course**

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Course
Number
Name
04-110-1 Contracts I

Credit
Hours
4

02-110

Criminal Law

3

01-110
05-110
03-110-1

Moot Court
Property
Torts I

*
4
3

Total first-year hours

14

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Course
Number
Name
04-110-2 Contracts II
09-110
Constitutional Law
01-120
01-110

Legal Profession
Moot Court

03-110-2 Torts II
02-210
Crimin al Procedure**
or
Economics for Lawyers**
11-220
or
10-210
International Law**
or
11-210
Law and Social Change**

Credit
Hours
2
4

1
3
3

3
16

•work of Moot Court continues th ro u gho ut the academic year, but grade an d credit are entered only a t conclusion of
second semester.
• •one of the fou r electi ves open to first-year students is to be chosen.

William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture.

25

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES
(Listed alphabetically within categories)

Course
Number
Elective
Courses
Offered in
1976-77

07-330
09-310
07-420
07-340

Credit
Hours

Accounting
Administrative Law
Advanced Business Associations-Partnerships
Antitrust Law

1

3
2
4

01-310-1 Civil Procedure I
01 -711-14 Clinical Practice
01-710
Clinical Practice
Orientation
01-340
Clinical Trial Advocacy
Commercial Paper
04-310
10-310
Conflict of Laws
07-310
Corporations

4
4

04-350
Debtor-Creditor Relations
06-320-1 Decedents' Estates
and Trusts I

3

04-340
01-320

Equity, Restitution and
Damages
Evidence

1

2
3
3
3

Course
Number

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Name

10-320
09-310
07-340

Admiralty
Administrative Law
Antitrust Law

3
3
4

07-440

Business Planning

2

01-310-2

Civil Procedure II
Clinical Practice
Clinical Practice Orientation
Clinical Trial Advocacy
Commercial Paper
Conflict of Laws
Corporation Finance
Criminal Procedure

2
4

01-721 -24
01-710
01-340
04-310
10-310
07-410
02-210

11-220
05-330

Economics for Lawyers
Environmental Law
Evidence

3
3
3

3

06-310
08-410

3

3

08-330

Family Law
Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax
Federal Jurisdiction

3
3

01-320

08-310

01-330

3
2

01-330

12-510

Jurisprudence

2

07-350

Labor Law

4

05-320

Public and Private Control
of Land Use

3

07-370

Regulated Industries

2

09-320

State and Local
Government

2

Trademarks, Trade Identity,
and Unfair Trade
Practices
Trial Practice I

2
2

08-310

07-360
01-420-1

1

1
3
3
3
3
3
3

07-361

2

08-330

Credit
Hours

Decedents' Estates
and Trusts II
Deceptive Trade Practices

3

06-320-2

Family Law
Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax
Federal Jurisdiction

06-310
08-410

26

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name

3
2
3
2

05-340

10-210

Intellectual Property
International Law

2
3

07-350
11-330
11-210

Labor Law
The Law and Racism
Law and Social Change

4
2
3

05-310
09-340

Real Estate Acquisition
and Disposition
Regulation of Broadcasting

3
2

02-310
04-320
07-430

Scientific Evidence
Secured Transactions
Securities Regulations

3
2

01-420-1
01-420-2

Trial Practice I
Trial Practice II

2

11-320
11-340

Welfare Litigation
Women and the Law

2
2

1

1

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR SEMINARS Cont'd
FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name

Credit
Hours

07-530

Advanced Problems in
Securities Regulation

2

09-520
01-510
11-510

Civil Liberties
Computers and the Law
Consumer Protection,
Credit Sales and Poverty
Criminal Evidence
Criminal LawCurrent Problems

2

06-610

Estate Planning

07-510

Course
Number
Elective
Seminars
Offered in
1976-77

02-530
02-520

2
2
2
2

Course
Number
06-630
09-510
07-610

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Name

Credit
Hours

Advanced Family Law
Advanced Problems in
Constitutional Law
Antitrust Law and Policy

2
2
2

01 -720-61 Client Counseling
2
02-540
Criminal Appellate Advocacy 2 .
02-530
Criminal Evidence
2

2

07-520
06-610

Employment Discrimination
Estate Planning

2
2

Food and Drug Law

2

10-530

11-570

Juvenile Law

2

10-511

International Business
Transactions
Introduction to Civil Law

2
2

11-630
11-540
12-520
04-610-1

Law and Economics
Law and Education
Law and Ethics
Law of Private
Agreement I

2
2
2

11-570

Juvenile Law

2
2
2

05-610

Preventive Land Law

2

09-540

Transportation Regulation
and Policy

2

Labor Arbitration
Law and Criminology
Law and Development:
Africa
04-610-2 Law of Private
Agreement II
11-560
Law and Psychiatry

05-510

Urban Housing Problems

2

05-520

2

2

07-620
02-510
10-521

Real Estate Development

2
2
2

COURSES AND SEMINARS
NOT OFFERED IN 1976-77*
Course
Number
02-710

Course
Name

Credit
Hours

Federal Criminal Trial
Practice (seminar)
Fiduciary Administration
(seminar)

2

04-330

Insurance Law

2

10-540
11-310
12-310
09-330

Law of the Common Market 2
Law and Poverty
2
Legal History
2
Legislative Process
2

11-550

Problems in Law and
Medicine (seminar)

2

08-620

Tax Policy (seminar)

1

06-620

1

*Offerings in the regular curriculum which, although
not offered in 1976-77, may be offered in future years.

27

�SENIOR RESEARCH
Senior Research may be taken by third-year
students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two
semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in the
first semester taken) in any field of study upon
agreement with the supervising professor,
subject to the rules governing the program
which are available from the Registrar's Office
or the Director of Research.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR
OFFERINGS
(Listed in order of course number)

Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also
serve to identify instructors.
01-110 MOOT COURT
Messrs. Freed (22),
Course (3 hours)
Kennedy (37), Merry,
First and
Second Semesters
and Assistants in
Instruction (03 / 64)
One hour credit given in the first semester; two
hours credit given in the second semester. After
an introductory study of the process of trial and
appellate litigation, the first semester's work
consists of the writing of several papers, long and
short, designed to require the use of the various
tools of legal research and to give practice in the
written analysis of legal problems. Frequent
meetings in small groups with an Assistant in
Instruction; individual tutorials with a Teaching
Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the
full class. The second semester's work consists of
moot court cases raising legal issues of current
interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme
Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys
and members of the faculty on the bench.
Emphasis is placed on appellate procedure, brief
writing, and oral argument. The second semester
program is supported by the Arlyn Miner
Memorial Fund.
01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION
Course (1 hour)
Mr. Snyder (66)
Second Semester
An examination of some of the problems of
organization, function and control of the legal
profession as they affect lawyers, their clients and
the public. Among problems considered are the
definition of the "practice of law" (the
"unauthorized practice" problem); provision of
adequate legal services for all (the poor, the
middle-income client, the unpopular client); rules
against solicitation and advertising; restriction on
the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-of.
interest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust
cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in
representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of
lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's

28

business); problems of professional discipline; the
role of the bar as an institution in improving
professional standards and in law reform.
Materials to be announced.
01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I
Course (4 hours)
Messrs. Redish (55);
First Semester
Waltz (74)
Structure and organization of the federal and state
judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and
subject matter; process and pleadings; parties;
joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice;
inspection and discovery; division of function
between judge and jury; summary judgment;
judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and
collateral estoppel; appellate review. Cound,
Friedenthal &amp; Miller, Civil Procedure: Cases and
Materials, 2nd ed., 1974 (Mr. Redish); Waltz,
Cases on Pleading and Procedure (multilithed),
and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the
United States District Courts (Mr. Waltz).
01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. DuBose (17);
Second Semester
Reese (56)
A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see course
description of Civil Procedure I. Reese,
Cases on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal
Rules of Civil Procedure for the United States
District Courts (Mr. Reese); materials to be
announced (Mr. DuBose).
01-320 EVIDENCE
Mr. Haddad (30);
Course (3 hours)
Ms. Hughes (33)
First Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Second Semester
The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay
rule and its exceptions; competency and
examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion
of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings;
presumptions and privileges. Materials to be
announced (Mr. Haddad); Brown and Meisenholder, Problems in Evidence; Cleary et al.,
McCormick's Handbook of the Law of Evidence;
Federal Rules of Evidence for the United States
Courts and Magistrates (Ms. Hughes); Louisell,
Kaplan, and Waltz, Cases and Materials on
Evidence (Mr. Waltz).
01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Reese (56),
Second Semester
Redish (55)
History of the federal judicial system; structure
and business of the federal courts; nature of the
federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship;
federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal
jurisdiction; law applicable in federal courts. Hart
and Wechsler, The Federal Courts and the Federal
System 2nd ed. , 1973. The Judicial Code and
Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts.

�01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Geraghty (24)
First and Second Semesters
Introduction to trial advocacy to prepare students
for third year clinical practice. Students' skills
will be developed and tested by presentation of
solutions to trial problems at weekly sessions of
the Circuit Court of Northwestern, Clinical
Division. Trial problems will require students to
examine witnesses, introduce other evidence
(including the testimony of expert witnesses),
present opening and closing arguments, and select
juries. In addition to problems, each student will
bear responsibility for the preparation and trial of
a criminal or civil case ( or cases). These complete
mock trials will take place before mock juries, and
the students' performances will be judged and
reviewed by other students, faculty, practicing
lawyers, and judges. Materials to be announced.
01-420-1 TRIAL PRACTICE I
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Hanley (83)
First and Second Semesters
An introduction to litigation in which the student,
using tested hypothetical cases, prepares and
participates in the selection of a jury, opening
statements, the direct and cross examination of
lay and expert witnesses and closing arguments.
The student will assume the roles of counsel,
witness, juror and judge. Although the instructor
will demonstrate from time to time, the primary
teaching mode will be student participation with
instructor critique. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure
I and Evidence. Materials: Morrill on Trial
Diplomacy, 2nd ed., multilithed materials
prepared by instructor and special problems.
01-420-2 TRIAL PRACTICE II
Course ( 1 hour)
Second Semester
Mr. Hanley (83)
The students, with some faculty supervision, will
prepare and try one complete case before a judge
of the Circuit Court of Cook County. The trials
will be held in two three-hour segments in the
evening during the 10th week of the semester.
The students will appear from time to time
before the instructor, acting as a judge, on
motion and status calls. They will utilize such
discovery procedures and make such motions as
they deem necessary. The final trials will be
videotaped and critiqued by the instructor. A
written trial brief will be required. Prerequisites:
Civil Procedure I, Evidence and Trial Practice I.
Materials : Morrill on Trial Diplomacy, 2nd ed.,
mimeographed materials prepared by instructor
and special problems.
01-421 TRIAL PRACTICE I &amp; II
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Ms. Hughes (33)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)

01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Roberts &amp; Sprowl (96)
The procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law, legal problems
resulting from computer utilization in an increasingly computer-oriented society; computer invasion
of privacy and the impact of computers upon the
democratic process; the use of computers in legal
research; and an introduction to computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of computers
in the practice of law and in litigation. Materials
to be announced.
01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION
Course (1 hour)
Mr. Lubet (34)
First and Second Semesters
Introduction to the practice of poverty law in
Chicago. Survey of the basic legal principles and
most useful practices for the poverty law fields
frequently encountered in the Legal Assistance
Clinic, including Cook County criminal procedure,
divorce, consumer, housing and welfare.
Techniques for representing poor persons and for
litigation in poverty law fields will be discussed.
This course should be used by students as
preparation for work in the clinic in the third year.
In the event the third year Clinical Practice course
is oversubscribed, preference will be given to
those students who have successfully completed
Clinical Practice Orientation. Materials will be
announced. In addition to completing the reading
and writing assignments in the course, students
must arrange to work concurrently with clients
and on cases in a law office. This may be done
through volunteer work at the Legal Assistance
Foundation of Chicago, the Chicago Legal Aid
Bureau, the Federal Defender Program or
elsewhere. Paid employment is also acceptable.
With prior consent of the instructor, students may
substitute similar legal work done over the
summer.
01-711-1; 01-721-2 CLINICAL PRACTICE
Course (4 hours)
Messrs. Eovaldi, Geraghty,
First and Second
Semesters
Elson, Schoenfield, Lubet,
Howard, Ms. Geraghty (11)
Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours
per week to clinical practice at the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, United States Attorney's
Office, Better Government Association, or at other
agencies or organizations approved by the Law
School for clinical practice. Training in
counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and
techniques, and in substantive and procedural law
particularly relevant to the clinical program
chosen. Students enrolled in the course are
required to apply for certification under Illinois
Supreme Court Rule 711 , the Illinois student
practice rule. This rule allows third-year students,

29

�under certain circumstances, to practice in the
Illinois State courts. Preference for admission to
the Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic will be
given to those who enroll for both semesters, who
have successfully completed Clinical Practice
Orientation and a trial practice course, and who
have worked in the clinic or volunteered to work
there before their third year. Supervisors in
other clinical programs may have different
prerequisites. Materials to be announced.
01-720 CLIENT COUNSELING
Semin ar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Ms. Geraghty and
Mr. Schoenfield (61)
Training in interviewing and counseling clients
regarding legal and human problems, the use of
social agencies and other community resources,
and the nature of and techniques used in the
interviewing/ counseling process. The seminar will
include an analysis of techniques used by attorneys
conducting negotiations. The class sessions will
consist of lectures and the presentation of problems
in which students will act as attorneys in
interviewing/ counseling and negotiating roles.
Videotape equipment will be used in the
presentation of problems and critique of student
work.
01-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE
AND PRACTICE
02-110 CRIMINAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Heinz ( 31 ) ;
Inbau (35)
First Semester
Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations
of the criminal law; specific crimes, including
murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault,
larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and
robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility
including the defense of mental impairment;
uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal
combinations. Inbau, Thompson, and Moenssens,
Cases and Comments on Criminal Law.

CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Haddad (30);
Second Semester
Inbau (35)
A survey of the criminal process from arrest
through collateral attacks upon convictions,
emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of
both a constitutional and a non-constitutional
dimension. Inbau, Thompson, Haddad, Zagel, and
Starkman, Cases and Comments on Criminal
Procedure.
02-210

02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Course (I hour)
Second Semester
Mr. Inbau (35)
The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids
in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific
experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials
to be announced.

30

02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
(to be announced)
Consideration of the determinants of society's
action in labeling something "criminal," and the
common characteristics of the things so labeled;
survey of theories about why people commit
crimes and what will deter them; and an
attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal
law-i.e. whose values the criminal law expresses.
Materials to be announced.
02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT
PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Inbau (35)
A consideration, in depth, of selected current
problems in the administration of criminal justice.
Materials to be announced.
02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Aspen (86)
Second Semester
Mr. Bronner (88)
An examination of the trial processes of a
criminal case. The seminar will focus on strategy
and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case,
plea bargaining, the preparation of witnesses, the
selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination,
preparation and argument of motion and
preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert
testimony, arguments to the court and jury, and
sentencing procedures. Materials to be announced.
02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Haddad (30)
A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal
appeals, with an examination of other state and
federal post-conviction remedies. Multilithed
materials.
02-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
CRIMINAL LAW
03-110-1 TORTS I
Course (3 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Freed (22);
Rosenblum (57)
Protection of personality, property, and relational
interests against physical, appropriational, and
defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance,
negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit,
privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution,
inducement of breach of contract, and unfair
competition; liability of physicians, hospitals,
landowners, public service companies, builders,
contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers,
dealers, private and common carriers; study of the
effects of modern socio-economic concepts on the
development of tort law and of the operation of
the judicial process at it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Materials to be announced.

�03-110-2 TORTS Il
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester

Messrs. Redish (55);
Rosenblum (57)
A continuation of Torts I ; see course description
for Torts I. Gregory and Kalven, Cases and
Materials on Torts (Mr. Redish). Materials to be
announced (Mr. Rosenblum).

03-800

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS

04-110-1 CONTRACTS I
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Du Bose ( 17);
Wiggins (73)
Study of contract doctrines and their use in the
judicial process; an introduction to contract
remedies; formation, performance, and discharge
of contracts, including third party beneficiaries,
assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds. Contractual
aspects of the Jaw of agency. Attention is given
to certain portions of the Uniform Commercial
Code which relate to contracts for the sale of
goods. MacNeil, Cases and Materials on Contracts
(Mr. DuBose) . Materials to be announced (Mr.
Wiggins).

04-110-2 CONTRACTS Il
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Childres ( 10) ;
Freed (22)
A continuation of Contracts dealing with sales
under the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales
contract; risk of Joss and rights of creditors and
purchasers before delivery of the goods to the
buyer; warranties and the power of the parties to
alter them by contract; remedies of the buyer when
the goods are non-conforming and the right of
the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the
buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of
credit and credit card transaction. Speidel,
Summers &amp; White, Commercial and Consumer
Law.
04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Chamberlin (09)
First Semester
Mr. Wiggins (73)
Second Semester
The law of the money substitutes and credit
devices (negotiable instruments), particularly
checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods
and services; the concept of negotiability: its
history and importance in the distribution and
credit systems; the commanding rights of the

31

�of relief, emphasizing the extent of protection
afforded property, personal and business interests.
The law of restitution both legal and equitable,
the other equitable remedies and the law of
damages. The attempt is to construct a rational
rule structure for these areas, one which is both
consistent with most of the cases and responsive
to the problems of the day. Childres &amp; Johnson,
Equity, Restitution and Damages.

Professor Harry B. Reese, recently named the
first Willam W. Gurley Professor of Law.

holder in due course; moderating effect of the
formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation,
transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights
and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and
others dealing with negotiable instruments in a
variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses
among the parties or their insurers resulting from
forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected
problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and
Materials (2nd ed.).
04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS
Course (3 Hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Polsby (59)
Secured financing of commercial and consumer
goods with special reference to transactions in
motor vehicles, fixtures, inventory, and receivables;
consignments, equipment, leasing, and field warehousing; security interests in proceeds of the
collateral and after-acquired property; priorities,
with detailed consideration of the priorities of the
purchase money security interest, the buyer in
ordinary course, and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems of the
security interest under appropriate sections of the
Federal Bankruptcy Act. Materials to be
announced.
04-330 INSURANCE LAW
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Chamberlin (09)
Second Semester
(Not offered in 1976-77.)
04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND
DAMAGES
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Childres (10)
A functional study of the law of form and measure

32

04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Polsby (51)
First Semester
A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and
non-secured creditors in such common law and
statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment,
supplementary proceedings, executions against
persons and property, general assignments,
compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent
conveyances; an outline of the Federal Bankruptcy
Act with particular attention to the provisions
covering liquidation; a comparison of the relative
availability and utility of alternative procedures
judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors,
and the general public. Materials to be announced.
04-610-1,2 THE LAW OF PRIVATE
AGREEMENT I, II
Seminar (2 hours each semester)
First and
Mr. Childres (10)
Second Semesters
This experimental seminar will study currently
controversial problems in or related to contracts.
The law as to conditions, unconscionability,
exculpatory clauses, impracticability, contract
damages, landlord-tenant relations, and warranties
after the new federal statute are examples of the
kind of subject matter to be considered. Students
must register for both semesters. Admission, which
will be by permission of the instructor only, will
be restricted primarily to second-year students.
The instructor will attempt to coordinate the
seminar with several Senior Research projects.
04-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS
AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES
05-110 PROPERTY
Course ( 4 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Schuyler ( 62);
Spalding ( 65)
Introduction to the law of real and personal
property. Historical background ; basic property
concepts; selected problems in personal property;
the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail,
for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord
and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary
problems; creation and incidents of future interests
at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of
worthier title; origin of equitable interests;
concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases
and Text 011 Property (2d ed.), and multilithed
materials.

�REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION
AND DISPOSITION
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Ms. Hughes (33)
An analysis of thP. basic elements of land acquisition and transfer-the real estate sales contract,
deeds, recording and registration of land titles,
abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development
financing including federal programs and secured
lending devices; an exploration of additional
selected legal problems such as cooperative and
condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced .

05-310

05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL
OF LAND USE
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Spalding (65)
First Semester
A survey of the devices available both in private
and in public law to control the use of land. On
the private law side, both consensual arrangements
(easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and
tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered.
On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning,
subdivision control, and pollution control schemes.
These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon
related factual situations-rather than doctrinally.
Spalding, Cases and Materials on Uses of the
Environment (2nd tentative edition-multilithed).
ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Spalding (65)
Second Semester
A study of the choices of policy and methodology
implicit in various aspects of the application of
legal controls to uses of the human environment.
Attention is given to definition of the appropriate
scope of environmental concern; to the economic
impact of control ; to the role and weight to be
accorded to scientific assessment of future or
potential hazards ; to limitations imposed by the
state of technology; and to the adequacy and
efficacy of various forms of governmental
organization , statutory schemes and legal
doctrin.es to meet societal goals in this field . Fact
situations considered include hazards to health
(pesticides, radiation), allocation of scarce
resources ( energy, population) , preservation of
threatened resources (wildlife species, wilderness)
and allocation of costs of preserving or improving
environmental quality (air and water pollution,
strip mining) . Materials to be announced.
05-330

05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Lungmus &amp;
Tilton (91)
Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering
patents, trade secrets, and copyrights, and the
relation of antitrust policy to patent monopolies.
Multilithed materials.

URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Rubinowitz (60)
First Semester
An examination of the housing and- related
community development problems of metropolitan
areas and the relationship of the law to those
problems and their solution. Materials to be
announced.
05-510

05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Goldman (26)
Second Semester
An examination- principally from the viewpoints
of the developer-investor and his attorney-of
selected financial, business, legal and tax considerations involved in the acquisition, development,
and syndication of real estate. David, Urban Land
Development.
05-610 PREVENTIVE LAND LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Hughes (33)
An examination of the impact of various legal
rules on ownership of rural land in 11 southern
states. Each student will write a paper on one
of the following topics: mortgages, property taxes,
and tax sales ; leases of mineral rights; eminent
domain and condemnation; judgments and judicial
sales ; liens ; !is pendens ; recording; homestead
exemptions; conveyancing. The paper will 1)
summarize existing rules in the 11 states and 2)
suggest needed reforms. No prerequisites, but
helpful courses are: Real Estate Acquisition and
Disposition; Secured Transactions; DebtorCreditor ; Equity; Restitution and Damages.
05-800

SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY

06-310 FAMILY LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
A study of the legal problems involved in
formation , maintenance, and dissolution of the
family with particular emphasis on the problems
of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage,
child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson,
Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic
Relations (1974).
06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND
TRUSTS I
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Beckstrom (04);
First Semester
Chamberlin (09)
Intestate succession: limits on testamentary power;
execution and revocation of wills; will contests;
admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or
deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes,
including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable
living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift
provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts.
Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials
on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.).

33

�Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor
trom 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School.

06-320-2 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND
TRUSTS ll
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Schuyler (62)
The legal consequences of wills, trusts, and other
dispositive documents, with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving
class gift s, gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested
and contingent interests, powers of appointment,
the rule against perpetuities and changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration;
charitable trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates
and Trusts; Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases
and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts
(4th ed.).
06-610 ESTATE PLANNING
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Fleming ( 82);
Kirby (36)
Second Semester
Mr. Fleming (82)
A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in
the light of the principles from the fields of
decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future
interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and
income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical
problems in estate planning provide exercises in
drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift
Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation

34

and Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials to
be announced.
06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)
06-630 ADVANCED FAMILY LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
Second Semester
This seminar will focus, in depth, on current issues
of particular concern in the area of family law.
During the 1976-77 offering, for example, it is
anticipated that such topics as an adopted person's
access to public records concerning her/ his birth,
the legal aspects of artificial insemination and the
homosexual's right to custody of his/ her children
will be explored . Comparative materials from
other countries will be included. A substantial
piece of writing will be required of each
participant. The course in family law is
prerequisite. Materials to be announced.
06-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY
STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS
07-310 CORPORATIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Kennedy (37) ;
Ruder (58)
A study of the common law, federal and state
statutory, and administrative framework for the

�operation of the modern corporation. Attention
will be directed to problems of organization,
distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the
regulation of securities transactions, proxy and
reporting requirements, the special problems of
close corporations, and corporate derivative and
class actions. Vagts, Materials on Basic
Corporation Law (Mr. Kennedy); Cary, Cases and
Materials Oil Corporations (Mr. Ruder).

07-330 ACCOUNTING
Course (I hour)
Mr. Brady (87)
First Semester
Principles of accounting and the relationship of
law and accounting. Open only to students who
have earned no more than three hours of college
credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting
for Business Lawyers (1971).
07-340 ANTITRUST LAW
Course (4 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Rahl (53)
&amp; Kennedy (37)
Second Semester
Mr. Kennedy (37)
Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and
policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law
concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of
trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents,
boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods
of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow
and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of
Business ( 1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and
Materials Oil Antitrust Law (1975-multilithed) .

07-350 LABOR LAW
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Goldberg (25)
Second Semester
Mr. Hillman (32)
An examination of the legal framework for the
establishment of the terms and conditions of
employment through collective bargaining. The
roles and limitations of legislative. administrative,
and judicial power in the collective bargaining
process and in the resolution of industrial conflict
will be studied. Meltzer, Labor Law Cases,
Materials and Problems with 1975 Supplement
and Appendix.
07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY,
AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Pattishall &amp; Hilliard (95)
The principles of the common and statutory law
protecting the means for identifying the source
and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal
and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and
other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade
practices by the Federal Trade Commission and
others. Pattishall and Hilliard, Trademarks, Trade
Identity and Unfair Trade Practices.

07-361 DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Eovaldi (20)
Second Semester
An exploration of the wide variety of deceptive
trade practices in the marketplace for consumer
goods, services, and credit, and an evaluation of
the common law, legislative, and regulatory
agency response to these practices. Common law
theories considered will include actions for deceit,
misrepresentation, or breach of warranty and the
doctrine of unconscionability. Consideration will
be given to the tort of unfair competition and to
the Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act.
Emphasis will be placed on the activities of the
Federal Trade Commission in regulating unfair
and deceptive advertising and sales practices,
including the substantiation and correction
doctrines recently explored by the Commission.
Consideration will also be given to the numerous
statutes requiring sellers to disclose specific items
of information to consumers. Materials to be
announced.
07-370 REGULATED INDUSTRIES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Hillman (32)
Examination of the objectives, practices, and consequences of legal and administrative regulation by
the federal and state governments of key sectors
of American industry. Materials will be drawn
primarily from the fields of communications,
transportation, energy, food and drugs. Emphasis
will be placed on evaluation of regulatory statutes
and case law prescribing agency policies, instruments, and procedures relevant to people's
expectations and needs. Materials to be announced.
07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Barack (93);
Ruder (58)
An examination of corporate financial matters,
including the federal regulation of securities
distributions under the Securities Act of 1933,
corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise
and securities valuation, the financial protection
of security holders and creditors, and fairness and
shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions.
Prerequisite: Corporations. Cary, Cases and
Materials on Corporations; Jennings and Marsh,
Securities Regulation.
07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS
ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Shapiro (97)
First Semester
Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation,
operation , and dissolution of partnerships and
limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate
form. Prerequisite: Corporations. Materials to be
announced.

35

�07-430 SECURITIES REGULATION
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Ruder (58)
Second Semester
Federal regulation of broker dealers, stock
exchanges. and investment companies. Civil
liabilities for violation of securities laws. The
role of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and new developments in the structure of the
capital markets. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance.
Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation.
07-440 BUSINESS PLANNING
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Shapiro (97)
Second Semester
Advanced problems in corporation finance,
including corporate organization, distributions,
recapitalization, and reorganization. Emphasis will
be placed upon problems of financing corporations,
with concurrent examination of problems in
corporate, tax and securities law. Prerequisites:
Corporations and Federal Corporate Income
Taxation. Materials to be announced.
07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Burditt &amp;
M. Thompson (89)
A survey of the content of federal and state food,
drug, and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the
legal and practical problems associated with their
application and administration. Christopher and
Goodrich, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug
Law, 2nd ed. (Consult one of the lecturers prior
to registration if writing requirement is needed.)
07-520 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Freed (22)
Second Semester
A study of the law of employment discrimination,
including such issues as race and sex discrimination, standardized testing, affirmative action, and
quotas. Emphasis will be on the litigation process
in discrimination cases: recognition of discrimination, statutory causes of action, proof, and equitable relief. Students will be expected to spend out
of class time in research for and preparation of
papers and briefs in actual pending cases. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized,
in addition to in-class discussion. Materials to be
announced.
07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN
SECURITIES REGULATION
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Ruder ( 58)
Detailed examination of a subject of current
importance in the area of federal securities
regulation. Prerequisites: Corporations;
Corporation Finance. Materials to be announced.

36

07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Rahl (54)
Advanced study of selected areas of antitrust law
and policy. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law. Materials
to be announced.
07-620 LABOR ARBITRATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Goldberg (25)
An examination of selected arbitration decisions
and current problems in arbitration. Students will
be expected to write decisions based on transcripts
of actual arbitration hearings. Materials to be
announced.
07-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
STRUCTURE AND REGULATION
08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME
TAX
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
Mr. Snyder (66)
Second Semester
An introduction to the statute on federal income
taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of
individuals, estates and trusts, on family property
arrangements, and common business transactions;
the administrative and judicial processes in
resolving income tax controversies. Pedrick and
Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income
Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby). Materials to be
announced (Mr. Snyder).
08-330 FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT
TAXATION
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Snyder (66)
Second Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
The impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on
various types of property transfers during life and
at death. Materials to be announced (Mr.
Snyder); Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of
Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Volume
(Mr. Kirby).
08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME
TAX
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Snyder ( 66)
Second Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
The federal income taxation of business entities,
corporations, and partnerships; the incorporation
process, recapitalization, reorganization of businesses; the treatment of Subchapter S corporations.
Prerequisite: Federal Individual Income Tax.
Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax
Law: Income Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby). Materials
to be announced (Mr. Snyder).

�08-620 TAX POLICY
Seminar (I hour)
(Not offered in 1976-77 .)
08-800

'

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION

09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Course (4 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. D'Amato (15);
Gordon (27) &amp; Nathanson (76)
The judicial role in constitutional interpretation;
procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federal
government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees
of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Gunther and Dowling,
Cases and Material on Constitutional Law, 9th ed.
09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Nathanson (46)
First Semester
Mr. Rosenblum (56)
Second Semester
A general introduction to the legal problems of
the administrative process in both federal and state
governments, including the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies
operate; the role of administrative discretion in the
development of public policy; the administrative
interpretation of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the.
requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of
judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe
and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and
Materials .
09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Snyder (66) &amp;
Wiggins (73)
Selected topics from the field of state and local
government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan
areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced.

t

09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)

{

09-340 REGULATION OF BROADCASTING
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Bennett (05)
Second Semester
An examination of the law covering the
broadcasting industry. The regulatory scheme of
the Federal Communications Commission will
provide the major focus for attention, with
emphasis on choice among competing applicants,
diversification of control of the media, the fairness
11nd related doctrines, and audience involvement
in the regulatory process. Attention will also be

37

�given to related matters such as antitrust
considerations and regulation of CATV. The
course will hi ghlight the pervasive tension between
concerns of free speech and regulation in the
public interest. Materials to be announced.

09-510 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Messrs. Gordon (27)
Second Semester
&amp; Nathanson ( 46)
A study of selected cases in constitutional law
awaiting decision by the Supreme Court in the
current term. So far as possible, the materials
used will be the briefs filed in the Supreme Court.
Each student will be required to submit arguments
and a written opinion for analysis and criticism by
other members of the seminar. Materials to be
announced.
09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Nathanson (46)
Intensive study of selected current problems of
freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and
separation of church and state. Consideration will
be given to underlying philosophical conceptions,
to comparable problems in other democratic
societies, and to international protection of human
rights. Materials to be announced.
09-540 TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND
REGULATION
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Hillman (32)
An examination of the economic goals of
transportation policy and the effectiveness of
present transportation regulation in achieving
those goals.
09-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. MacChesney (42)
An introduction to international law. Bases of
jurisdiction in the international community;
resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and
sources of international Jaw; membership;
standards for international trade and investment;
international and regional courts and organizations;
control of the use of force in international
disputes. Leech, Oliver &amp; Sweeney, The
International Legal System.
10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. MacChesney ( 42)
Second Semester
Mr. Reese (56)
A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments;
limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith
and credit; constitutional control of choice of law;

38

theories and practice in choice of law. Brief
review of jurisdiction of courts. Cramton, Currie
and Kay. Cases 011 Conflict of Laws, 2nd ed.
10-320 ADMIRALTY
Course (3 hours)
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the
maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general
average, marine insurance, claims of maritime
workers, collision , and the limitation of liability.
Healy &amp; Sharpe, Cases on Admiralty, 2nd edition.

10-511 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Schwerin (63)
Second Semester
Studies exploring, with the aid of historical
information, the influence of social, religious,
political, and economic ideas and institutions upon
the development of Anglo-American common Jaw
and of Continental civil law. Selected problems
on sources and movements in civil law, codes
and precedent, development of courts and of the
legal profession. Materials to be announced.
10-521 LAW AND DEVELOPMENT:
AFRICA
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
An exploration of the changes traditional African
legal systems are undergoing as a result of
"Westernization," including under that term the
introduction of codified Jaw and new adjudicative
forms, the migration to the cities, and social
change generally. Both aspects of the adjustment
process will be explored: the modifications
Western legal forms and procedures must undergo
in being applied to a social context differing from
that which gave rise to them, as well as the
accommodations a traditional society must make
to incorporate successfully new legal institutions
and processes. A goal of the seminar is sensitization to the rationale behind many Anglo-American
legal institutions and concepts by showing how
they work-or do not work-when transferred to
another social setting. Materials to be announced.
10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
TRANSACTIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Barack (03)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal problems of doing
business abroad, including host country restrictions
on foreign investment, problems of international
trade, American taxation of foreign corporations
and shareholders, and the extra-territorial application of American anti-trust and securities laws.
Materials to be announced.
10-540 THE LAW OF THE COMMON
MARKET
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)

�10-620 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN
CONFLICT OF LAWS
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Nekam (47)
First Semester
The choice-of-law process in perspective: the
development within the field of contracts and
torts; the impact of federal law; the influence of
theories and fashions in rationalization . Materials
to be announced.
10-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW,
AND FOREIGN LAW
11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Rubinowitz (60)
An inquiry into relationships between legal
processes and social processes. Consideration will
be given to law, as a process of authoritative
decision, being used as a strategy both to facilitate

social change and to maintain minimum public
order with respect to power, wealth, respect and
other value objectives. The inquiry will extend to
legal processes in both national and international
communities Materials to be announced.
11-220 ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS
Course (3 hours)
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
Second Semester
A course for students who have had no economics,
covering: the macro-economic theory of the
determination of income, prices, and employment;
the role of money, taxation, and government
expenditures in stabilization policy; the microeconomic theory of markets, stressing their structural characteristics that influence the formation
of the relative prices of inputs and outputs; the
macro- and micro-economics of international trade
and finance. Throughout the course the relationship
between economic and legal processes will be
emphasized. Materials to be announced.

United States Senator Dale Bumpers, (Ark.), '51, talks with students during a visit to the
Law School.

39

�11-310 LAW AND POVERTY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)
11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Bennett (05)
An examination of the rapidly developing law
defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare
recipients and problems of litigation, particularly
feder al jurisdictional problems, encountered in
vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for

reform of the welfare system and the extent to
which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against
the background of the present law. Materials to
be announced .

11-330 LAW AND RACISM
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Rubinowitz (60)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal foundations of some
of the major issues arising out of the relationship
between races in the United States ; identification
and discussion of unresolved current and future
issues affecting blacks and other minority groups.
Materials to be announced.
11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW
Course (2 hours)
Ms. Jones (81)
Second Semester
A consideration of sex roles in contemporary
society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated
by doctrines of constitutional law, family law,
labor law, property law and the like; emphasis on
the societal contexts in which doctrinal development occurred and in which it operates today.
Materials to be announced.
11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT
SALES, AND POVERTY
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Eovaldi (20)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal, economic, historical,
and social setting for the sales of consumer goods
on credit, with particular emphasis on the legal
problems of poor persons. The course examines
the installment credit sale process, legislative and
judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and
efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of
the selling and collection process. Specific subjects
examined include: fraudulent and deceptive sales
practices; regulation of credit terms and rates;
truth in lending and other disclosure laws; warranty laws and unconscionability doctrines ; creditor
collection remedies, including wage assignments,
wage garnishments, repossession and deficiency
judgments, as well as holder in due course doctrine
and contractual waiver of defenses; redress of
consumer grievances, including small claims courts,
arbitration procedures, class actions, and governmental agency activities. The Model Consumer
Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the
Report of the National Commission on Consumer
Finance, and other proposals for legal changes will
be considered . Multilithed materials.

./

11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Rosenblum (57)
Second Semester
Analysis of the statutory, constitutional, and
public policy considerations affecting the structure
and processes of education in the United States.
A major focus on the governance of educational

40

�institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g.,
the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students. Materials to be
announced.

11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)
11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Morris, Rubin
&amp; Schneider (85)
The seminar will be offered by Dean Norval
Morris of the University of Chicago Law School,
Bernard Rubin, M.D., and Judge Joseph Schneider
as a joint seminar for students from Northwestern
and the University of Chicago. Enrollment will
be limited to 12 law students from each school.
11-570 JUVENILE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Geraghty (24) et al.
An examination and analysis of law relating to
juveniles both in court (waiver of jurisdiction,
delinquency, minor in need of supervision, and
neglect and dependency proceedings) and out of
court in the context of schools, institutions, and
the home. The course is open to all second- and
third-year students and is designed to acquaint
students who may be practicing juvenile law in a
clinical setting with the various theories used by
court~ and legislatures for treating juveniles
differently than adults and with juvenile practices
in Cook County.
11-630 LAW AND ECONOMICS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
The first half of the seminar will explore the
relationship between law and economics by
analyzing the following problems: (1) externalities
and economic welfare; (2) transactions costs and
market organization; (3) monopoly and the
concentration of economic power. The second
half of the seminar will be devoted to reports of
students on their research. These may be on those
fields of law whose economic content has long
been recognized-anti-trust, regulated industries,
labor, corporations-or those fields of law in
which a traditionally implicit economic content is
now being made explicit-torts, property,
contracts, criminal law. Prerequisite: Economics
for Lawyers or equivalent. Materials to be
announced.

12-510 JURISPRUDENCE
Course (2 hours)
Mr. D'Amato (15)
First Semester
The philosophy of legislation and judicial
decision-making from the perspective of the
practicing attorney who desires to sharpen the
structure and persuasiveness of his or her
argumentation. Every case can be viewed as a
conflict in statutory or precedent interpretation
between narrow literalness and broad purposefulness. The course will focus upon this positivist
vs. naturalist duality primarily as exemplified in
recent legal theory, the aim being to recognize in
which mode one's adversary position lies and to
use the appropriate legal theory heuristically to
improve argumentative efficacy. H .L.A. Hart,
Th e Concept of Law; L. L. Fuller, The Morality
of Law (paper) ; mimeo. excerpts from Rawls,
A Theory of Justice and essays of Ronald
Dworkin.
12-520 LAW AND ETHICS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. D'Amato (15)
The relation of morality to law: the nature of
moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality,
responsibility for behavior and strict liability, and
the obligation to resist immoral laws. Although
legal advice is a necessary part of this study, this
is not a seminar in professional ethics as such.
Frankena, Ethics; Wasserstrom, Morality and the
Law; Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals;
Wasserstrom, War and Morality; Rachels, Moral
Problems (all paperback).

11-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL
ISSUES

12-530 THE SUPREME COURT: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON LEGAL STYLES
AND RHETORIC
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Du Bose ( 17)
Second Semester
This seminar will examine two related problems:
how judicial opinions and how the opinions of
one court, the Uni ted States Supreme Court, have
varied over time. The first problem will be dealt
with by comparing the art of the judge with the
art of the novelist, the poet, the essayist, and the
politician; from this comparison the class members
should be able to derive some of the conventions
which generally govern the style and rhetoric of
judicial opinions. The second problem will involve
applying a general approach to the Supreme Court
in the years 1850 through the present. It will be
observed how the style and rhetoric of the Court
have varied with the changing role of the Court,
the changing needs of the country, and the varying
personalities of the Justices.

12-310 LEGAL HISTORY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1976-77.)

12-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY, AND
LEGAL HISTORY

41

�HONORS AND PRIZES
THE ORDER OF THE COIF
In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded
at Northwestern, and it has since become the
recognized national honor society in legal
education with chapters, numbering more than
45, established in most of the leading
law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the
Order of the Coif annually elects from the
senior class a number of persons, not exceeding
10 percent of the class, who on the basis of
scholarship and character are deemed worthy
of the honor.
THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
LAW REVIEW
Selection of the student members of the
Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic
standing and competitive writing.
THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY
Second- and third-year students are invited to
join the staff of the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology on the basis of outstanding
scholastic achievement and demonstrated
writing ability.
WIGMORE KEY
Established in 1949-50, the award is made
by the Junior Bar Association to the member
of the senior class who has done most for the
School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the
faculty.
THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES
Income from a fund established by the
late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887,
is used annually to provide prizes totaling
approximately $600. The prizes are awarded
for ability to marshal authorities, to present
arguments effectively in written form, and to
speak lucidly and convincingly in public, and
go to students for the best written contributions
to the Law Review and the Journal of Criminal
Law and Criminology and to the finalists in the
annual Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition.
BARNET AND SCOIT HODES PRIZE
Income from a fund of $15,000 established
by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used
to provide two prizes for papers prepared by

42

students dealing with the Law of Local
Government. The first prize is approximately
$400 and the second prize about $200. Each
winner also receives a certificate and a key.
THE HYDE PRIZE
The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift
of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded
not more often than once in two years, under
such conditions as the faculty may impose, for
the best paper written by a student in the
School of Law on some subject relating to
international law.
MOOT COURT PLAQUE
To recognize excellence in the skills of
brief writing and oral argument, the January
1962 Graduating Class provided a plaque on
which is engraved each year the names of the
members of the winning team in the Julius H.
Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque
is on display in the Law School.
AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS
The publishers of American Jurisprudence
give a volume of that publication covering a
particular subject as a prize to the student
making the highest grade in that subject. These
prizes are awarded semi-annually.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL
AWARD
A plaque and a year's complimentary
subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal
are awarded annually to the student receiving
the highest grade in the course in Insurance.
PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD
Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s)
attaining the highest grade in each of the
Federal Taxation courses.
INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL
EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR
PRIZES
A choice of one of the Institute's most recent
and most comprehensive handbooks is
awarded to the outstanding student in each of
the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25
certificate to be used for any Institute course is
awarded to each of two students selected from
those who participate in the National Moot
Court Competition.

�SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS

In the total educational program of the Law
School, the formal course work within the
curriculum is supplemented by a variety of
additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished
scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United
States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to
the regular courses and emphasize the broader
public obligations of the profession. In
recognition of the Law School's role in the life
of the profession, the community, and the
nation, conferences are held which bring
together leaders of thought and action for
discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs,
students can broaden their vision and develop
the sense of public responsibility which
characterizes the highest traditions of the bar.
Many of these curricular supplements are
presented by the Law School as an integral
part of the general educational program upon
an occasional basis and without special
sponsorship. Others are offered as part of
established and continuing programs within the
School. The most notable of these continuing
programs are described below.

THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES
The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is
administered by the Law School, was
established in 1919 in memory of the eminent
and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The
funds are devoted to the support of significant
research and scholarship. One of the principal
programs supported by the Foundation is the
Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a
position in the forefront of distinguished
lecture programs in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have
delivered the annual lectures. Their publication
in book form has made notable, permanent
contributions to legal literature and scholarship.
The following scholars have given lectures at
the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal
Foundation:
In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth,
Vinerian Professor of Law at Oxford
University. These lectures were published
under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal
History by Macmillan;

In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of
the University of Havana, member of the
Permanent Court of International Justice;
In 1929, John C.H. Wu, formerly Chief
Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai
and member of the Law Codification
Commission of China. These lectures were
published under the title "The Legal Systems of
Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art
of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary
by the Commercial Press;
In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law
of the University of Paris;
In 1934, Charles Warren, author of The
Supreme Court in United States History and
numerous other historical works. These
lectures were published under the title
Bankruptcy in United States History by
Harvard University Press;
In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor
of Law at Yale University;
In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate
Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts. These lectures were published
under the title The Trial Judge by the
Foundation Press, Inc.;
In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at
Harvard University. These lectures were
published under the title The Law in Quest of
Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc.
In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures
covering the evolution, structure, operation,
and philosophy of the United Nations was
given by a group of learned and distinguished
men who had been intimately associated with
the establishment and development of the
United Nations. The lectures were arranged
and given under the direction of the late Adlai
E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States
Ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr.
Stevenson, another series of lectures was given
on subjects in the fields of International
Relations and International Law.
In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor,
Russian Institute, Columbia University,
delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and
International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor
of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series
of three lectures on the subject "On
43

�Jerome A. Cohen, Professor of Law and Director of East Asian Legal Studies
at Harvard Law School, presented the 1976 Rosenthal Lectures.

Understanding the Supreme Court," published
as a volume under that title by Little, Brown
and Co.
In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law,
University of Michigan, delivered a series of
lectures on "The History of Unjust
Enrichment," published as a volume under the
title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative
Analysis by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General
Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series
of lectures on "World Law, World Community,
and the United Nations," published as a
volume under the title United Nations and
World Community by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of
Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
"The Lawyer and the Government," published
as a volume under the title The Washington
Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952-53, the following lectures were
given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome
Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal
Director, International Civil Aeronautics
Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound
Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New
Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H.
Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. A conference was
also held on the subject of the Revision of the
Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including
Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler,
44

Professor of Law at Columbia University.
In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of
Law, Columbia University, delivered a series
of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist
Revolution," published as a volume under that
title by Harcourt, Brace.
In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of
Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a
series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the
Nineteenth Century," published as a volume
under the title Law and the Conditions of
Freedom in the Nineteenth Century ·united
States by the University of Wisconsin Press.
In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B.
Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University,
Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary
General of the United Nations, and John J.
Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
In 1956-57, the following lectures were
given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law
Under the New Japanese Constitution" by
Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and
Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial
Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems
and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean,
School of Law, Loyola University, New
Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of
Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor
of Jurisprudence, Oxford University.
In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the
Law School and presently Distinguished
Professor of Law, University of Texas,
delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability:

�Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published
as a volume under the title Traffic Victims:
Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 19 59, Louis Eisenstein of the District of
Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
"The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a
volume under that title by the Ronald Press.
In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord
Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the
United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures
on "The Law and Its Compass," published as
a volume under that title by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a
member of the faculty and formerly Dean of
the Law School, delivered a series of lectures
on "The Nature of Private Contract,"
published as a volume under that title by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then
Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California,
delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic
Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and
Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as
a volume under the title Beyond the Law by
Doubleday and Company, Inc.
In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law,
University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of
lectures on "Religion and American
Constitutions," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of
Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on 'The British Commonwealth of
Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics
and Prospects," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1965, a series of lectures on the general
subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered
three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme
Court of the United States. Participants were
Max Freedman, distinguished journalist,
William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and
Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V .
Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale
University. This series has been published as a
volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer
of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of
the faculty before his elevation to the bench,
delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal
Procedures and Converging Constitutional
Doctrines," published as a volume under the
title The Suspect and Society by the
Northwestern University Press.

In the fall of 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner
of the Court of Justice of the European
Communities delivered a series of lectures on
"The Role of the Lawyer in the European
Communities," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The
Organization of Judicial Power in the United
States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo
Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia
University School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published
in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the
Georgetown University Law Center and
formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a
series of lectures on "General Disarmament
and World Law."
In 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J .D., 1930),
former Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court
and Ambassador to the United Nations,
presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme
Court of the United States: Some Reflections
on Its Past, Present and Future," published as
a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former member
of the Law School Faculty and later United
States Secretary of Labor, presented a series of
lectures on "Labor and the Law."
In 1973, a series of lectures was presented
on the general subject, "Perspectives on
Justice ." Participants were Telford Taylor,
Professor of Law, Columbia University; The
Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S.
District Judge for the Southern District of New
York; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of
Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures
have been published as a single volume by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1974, three lectures on the general
subject, "Equitable Sharing of World Resources," were given by Oscar Schachter,
Director of Studies, United Nations Institute
for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division, United Nations.
The lectures have been published by the
Columbia University Press.
In 1975, Ronald M. Dworkin, Professor of
Jurisprudence at Oxford University, delivered
a series of lectures on the subject, "What Is
Law?" The lectures will be published.
45

�In 1976, Jerome Alan Cohen, Professor of
Law and Director of East Asian Legal Studies
at Harvard Law School, lectured on the topic:
"Is There Law in China?" The lectures will
be published.

THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION
PROGRAM
The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation
was established in the Law School in 1926 in
memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882,
a member of the Law School faculty from 1902
to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent
lawyers of his day. The income of the fund is
devoted to the support of research, study, and
development of the law of trade, industry, and
commerce. From time to time prizes have been
awarded from these funds to distinguished
American and European authors for meritorious
books and essays. In recent years, the
Foundation has sponsored a number of
conferences with a significant focus on
interrelationships of law, economics, and
government. Among the particular subject areas
which have been considered are antitrust, labor
relations, general economic and industrial
organization, administrative regulation, land
use, and European Common Market
development.
Since 1948, projects sponsored by the
Linthicum Foundation have included among
their participants many distinguished scholars,
jurists, and public officials, including William
L. Cary, John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J.
Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N.
Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E.
Stevenson, Dennis Thompson, and W. Willard
Wirtz. The foundation also provides funds for
research grants to faculty members.

OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS
Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A
trust established by the late Cranston Spray,
Class of 1923, and his widow, Catharine
Spray, provides income used for stipends for
students to conduct research in support of
effective law enforcement.
Edwin W a/sh Fund. A bequest in the
amount of over $250,000 from the estate of
Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds
which may be used for the support of research,
special lectures, clinical training, and other
important Law School programs and needs.
Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert
Kocourek, professor on the Law School
46

faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus
professor from 1940 until his death in 1952,
provides a fund of over $200,000, which under
the terms of the will is to be used to promote
research and teaching in the field of legislation
and to purchase books for the library's
jurisprudence collection.
Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest of over
$100,000 under the will of Warren B. Buckley,
Class of 1913, provides funds which may be
used to support different programs of the Law
School.

LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC
The Law School provides outstanding
opportunity for clinical education and legal aid
and defender work in the Northwestern Legal
Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the
assistance of grants from the Council of Legal
Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc.,
the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of
United Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold
I. Shure, with subsequent grants also from the
Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of
the Legal Clinic Program which the Law
School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides
civil and criminal legal services to persons who
are patients of the Northwestern University
medical and dental clinics. It also serves other
individuals and organizations in Chicago. The
Legal Assistance Clinic has five staff attorneys.

�During the school year from 60 to 70 students
work at the clinic either as volunteers or for
course credit.
Law students under the supervision of Legal
Assistance Clinic attorneys assist in the interviewing and counseling of clients, preparation
of pleadings and other legal documents, legal
research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing
for trial. First-year students chosen to work in
the clinic may complete their freshman legal
writing requirement by writing memoranda for
clinic cases. Third-year law students may
enroll in the clinical program for credit and
may be certified to practice in the Illinois state
courts under the Rules of the Supreme Court
of Illinois.

departments, government officials, law
professors, and other scholars in fields of
antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation,
taxation, and other areas of corporate law
practice. Proceedings of the Institute are
published.
Students in the Law School are invited to
attend the Institute without charge. Many of
the papers presented are published in the
Northwestern Law Review and other law
journals.

SHORT COURSES
For many years, under the direction of
Professor Fred Inbau, the School of Law
annually has presented two outstanding courses
in the area of criminal law. In the summer of
197 6, the 31st Short C-ourse for Prosecuting
Attorneys and the 19th Short Course for
Defense Lawyers were held.
The program for prosecutors attracts
approximately 550 each year, and the course
for defense attorneys enrolls over 300. Most
of the states and many foreign countries are
represented at the sessions. Each program
runs a full week, offering instruction in the
trial and preparation of criminal cases. The
courses provide a forum for exchange of
information, discussion of significant developments in criminal law and procedure, and
consideration of new methods of scientific
investigation and proof.
The faculty for both short courses includes
prosecutors, defense attorneys, medical experts,
and other specialists from many areas of the
country.

CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE
Annually since 1962, Northwestern has
conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in
cooperation with the American, Illinois, and
Chicago Bar Associations and the Illinois
Institute for Continuing Legal Education. The
two-day program reviews problems of current
importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The
Institute regularly draws 400 to 500 lawyers
from throughout the United States.
Institute lecturers are distinguished private
practitioners and lawyers within corporate law
47

��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes
and arranged for the students to observe a federal
court case being tried in the Law School building
by several outstanding lawyers of the day,
including Abraham Lincoln.
-Recollections of an Alumnus,
Class of 1860.

STUDENT ACTIVITIES
A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law
students everywhere, says law students receive
their education from their classmates. Like
many an old saw, the observation contains
within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law
school instruction is built upon student
participation. Beyond the classroom the
student continues professional preparation
in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate,
and friendly argument with colleagues. The
vitality of the Law School is measured by the
quality and vigor of its student body.
At Northwestern the entering student
becomes a member of a closely knit community
of men and women, bound together by a
common pursuit and by the rich traditions of
the Law School's history. The student body is
comparatively small, averaging approximately
550 students. The modest size of the School
and its instructional policies-division of most
courses into two or more sections and the wide
range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students.
The beginner is carefully chosen through a
policy of selective admission designed to assure
that every member of the class is capable of
legal study at the highest and most challenging
level. The student's classmates are high-ranking
graduates of the leading colleges and
universities in the United States and abroad.
Students benefit from friendly relationships
with fellow students coming from a wide
variety of backgrounds. The typical student
body consists of men and women from 40
states and eight or ten foreign countries. One
hundred and fifty-eight colleges and
universities are represented by graduates
enrolled in the Law School (see listing at the
back of the bulletin). A variety of
undergraduate majors are included, and many

students have earned graduate degrees in other
fields before entering the Law School.
Law students tend to be individualistic and
venturesome, and a broad range of opinion
and experience is encompassed in the student
body. The stimulating contacts of student life
at the Law School combine to develop a
mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the
individual student. A healthy spirit of
competition, helpful in encouraging each
student to strive for excellence, complements
the kind of comradeship and mutual respect so
characteristic of the legal profession generally.

LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
The tradition in the legal world of accepting
as authoritative professional journals written,
edited, and published by men and women who
have not yet achieved full professional status is
unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate
to have two regularly published scholarly
journals available for student research, writing,
and editing: the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology and the Northwestern University
Law Review. Selection for membership on
a publication is at once a high honor, a great
responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity.
Although there are many advantages, the true
value of membership on a legal publication
lies in the sharpening of legal research,
writing, and editing skills which are so
essential to the effective practice of law.

Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology
A quarterly publication with worldwide
circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology is universally recognized as the
foremost publication of its kind. It is the only

49

�student-edited law review published in the
United States which focuses on criminal law
and criminology and is one of the few such
professional publications in the world.
Founded by the late Dean John Henry
Wigmore in 1909, the Journal has the second
largest paid circulation among law reviews.
While the Journal centers on the field of
criminal law, its research reaches into other
areas, from constitutional implications of
various aspects of the criminal codes to the
impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on
the administration of criminal justice. Members
of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and
writing in all fields of the law while applying
the principles of law to the narrower focus of
their publication.
After completion of their first year, a
number of students are invited by the editorial
board of the Journal to join the staff on the
basis of outstanding scholastic performance.
The board invites an additional group of
students to join the staff on the basis of
demonstrated writing ability, either through
participation in the writing competition held
during the second year, or by submitting an
article of publishable quality. Those staff
members who satisfactorily complete their
duties are eligible for election to the editorial
board.
The editorial board holds complete
responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and
editing of competent material submitted for
publication by judges, practicing attorneys,
professors, and other legal scholars and for the
preparation of publishable student material in
the criminal law field.
Each staff member is given the opportunity
to write and publish both a comment on an
important area of criminal law and a case note
on a recent Supreme Court decision. The case
note is published in the December issue,
Supreme Court Review, thus giving the student
the unusual opportunity to be published early
in his or her law school career. A recent
innovation has been the dedication of the June
issue to a symposium on a relevant theme,
involving articles written both by professionals
and students. The June 1975 issue, for
example, was "A Symposium on the
Measurement of Delinquency."

Northwestern University Law Review
One of the most rewarding student activities
at the Law School is the publication of the
Northwestern University Law Review, one of
50

the nation's leading professional journals. The
Law Review is circulated widely among
lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs
and judicial opinions.
A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law
Review was first established by students of the
School during the academic year 1892-93,
within five years of the appearance of the first
student journal in the nation. Publication was
continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension,
under the title Illinois Law Review.
For a period beginning in 1924, editorship
was shared with the law schools of the
University of Chicago and the University of
Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students
resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was
changed to Northwestern University Law
Review.
At the end of the first year, outstanding
students are invited to write commentary on
legal problems for publication and to carry on
the research, editing, and related work of the
Law Review. Members of the staff are selected
on the basis of scholastic standing and the
results of a writing competition. Selection is
one of the highest honors and greatest
responsibilities the Law School can bestow.
Law Review participation is hard work: it
requires the members to return several weeks
before school begins in the fall and demands a
major portion of their time during the academic
year. Participation on the Law Review is both
a demanding and a constructive experience.

JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT
COMPETITION
To provide continuing practice and
instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy,
the first-year course in Moot Court is
supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition for second-year students.
The program memorializes the late U.S.
District Judge Julius H. Miner, Graduate Law
'45, and is supported by an endowment
established by Mrs. Julius H. Miner and family
and friends . The program is administered,
under faculty supervision, by third-year students
comprising the Moot Court Board and involves
the preparation of appellate court briefs and
the presentation of oral arguments before panels
of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty
members. The cases typically raise issues of
current legal importance, more complex and
challenging than those assigned in the regular

�first-year course. The final argument is
.conducted before the entire student body,
customarily with a panel of distinguished
judges from the federal and state court bench.
Those who have served as presiding judges for
final arguments include former Justice Arthur
J. Goldberg '30, and Justices Tom C. Clark,
Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, Byron R.
White, and William H. Rehnquist of the
Supreme Court of the United States. The Law
School teams in the National Moot Court
Competition are chosen on the basis of
performance in the Miner Competition.

ARLYN MINER FIRST-YEAR MOOT
COURT PROGRAM
The briefing and oral argument program of
the first-year Moot Court course is known as
the "Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court
Program," in memory of a daughter of Mrs.
Julius H. Miner and the late Judge Miner.
Arlyn Miner was especially interested in
encouraging oral argument in appellate cases.
An endowment, provided by Mrs. Miner, her
son Judson and daughter-in-law Linda Miner,
and her daughter Leslie Miner, supports the
costs of administering the program. It is hoped
that this special recognition of first-year Moot
Court work will stimulate students to continue
in the Advanced Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition in the second year.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT:
THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION
All students are members of the Junior Bar
Association and through it contribute to the
educational and recreational programs of the
Law School. JBA committees are responsible
for many activities, including the orientation
program for new students, off-campus housing,
and the allocation of student parking spaces.
Outstanding lawyers, judges and political
figures are frequent visitors to the School as
part of the JBA Speakers Program, often
meeting with students at coffee hours following
their speeches. The JBA placement committee
plans programs which introduce students to the
various opportunities available in the legal
profession.
The JBA sponsors social and recreational
programs throughout the academic year. Social
activities are planned to reflect the interests of

United States Supreme Court Justice Byron R.
White considering the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court arguments at the Law School.

51

�the student body. One of the most successful
programs has been the Friday afternoon social
hours, where students meet informally with
faculty and other members of the bar.

HONOR CODE
An important product of the Law School's
philosophy of student responsibility is the
Honor Code and the broad authority granted
to the students, through the Junior Bar
Association, for its enforcement and
implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor
Code is that the law student, like the lawyer,
should be subject to unyielding standards of
honorable conduct. In reliance upon the
students' collective sense of responsibility, Law
School examinations are unmonitored and
unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors.
The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation
upon each student to report any apparent
infractions to the students constituting the
Judicial Council of the Association. After a
full hearing, the Council has the duty to make
findings and to recommend appropriate
disciplinary action to the faculty.
The Code covers all academic phases of Law
School activity. It is expected that the habits
fostered by this honor system will stand the
young lawyer in good stead before the bench
and bar.

THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS
The Women's Caucus, an association of
women in the Law School, provides a forum
for discussion of the concerns of women
seeking a legal education and women employed
within the legal profession. Members also
participate in national conferences, regional
meetings, and local organizations concerned
with women's issues.
The Caucus has been active in encouraging
appointment of women to the faculty, the
placement of women graduates, and programs
to encourage women's applications to the
School. The Extended Study Program, which
permits a small number of students to carry a
lighter load, was recommended by the
Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty.
Periodic meetings of the Caucus focus on
issues of special interest to women, and guest
lecturers discuss topics of general interest to
the Law School community.

52

Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist
at the School for Moot Court.

BLACK LAW STUDENTS
ASSOCIATION
The Black Law Students Association serves
as a forum for the discussion of matters
concerning black students within the Law
School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal
issues relevant to blacks and, whenever
possible, provides assistance and answers to
such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly
express its position on events which
significantly affect the black community.
BLSA objectives include increasing the number
of black attorneys in the United States by
encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal
education, gaining greater minority
representation on the faculty and throughout
the University, and helping the local black
community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at
other Chicago law schools to achieve common
objectives.

RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS
Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research
Assistants to individual members of the faculty.
These appointments carry a modest stipend and
are valued for the opportunities they afford for
close contact with faculty members and for
participation in the ongoing scholarly work and
publications of the faculty.

�"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the
School will commence with 50 students. The
tuition fees are to be $ 100 per year."
-Letter from Henry Booth, first
dean of the Law School, to his
wife, dated Jun, 30, 1859.

ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL
Each year the Law School receives many
hundreds of applications for admission from
every state in the United States and from
abroad. In recent years there have been 12 or
more applicants for each place in the entering
class.
The admission policies of the School of Law
are based on consideration of the whole person
and each application is considered by the
Admissions Committee. It seeks to individualize
the admissions process and weighs a wide
variety of factors from which individual
decisions can be made. Among these factors
are demonstrated scholarship, intellectual
capacity and qualities of character requisite to
the profession.
Since its early years the Law School has
followed this policy of selective admission to
preserve its character as a cohesive academic
community of moderate size and to assure
continued educational standards of the highest
order. Consequently, the School is unable to
accept many applicants who are capable of
successfully completing legal studies and
qualifying for the practice of law.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
Application forms and information
concerning admission requirements may be
obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions,
Northwestern University School of Law, 357
East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Students are admitted for classes beginning
in September only, and must have a bachelor's
degree from an accredited college or university
at the time of initial registration in the School
of Law.

Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with
the Law School and by registering with the
Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS)
of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944,
Princeton, N .J. 08540. The LSDAS form must
be requested from the Educational Testing
Service and returned directly to ETS, not to
the Law School.
The student's LSDAS registration must be
supplemented by a transcript sent directly to
LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each
college and university attended, regardless of
the number of hours of credit received.
(Exceptions to this requirement are noted in
the LSDAS registration manual.) Except
in unusual cases, transcripts should not be
supplied until they include a record of three
full academic years. If the application is
approved, the applicant must supply a final
transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's
degree directly to the Law School. The
LSDAS registration must also be supported by
a report of the applicant's score on the Law
School Admission Test.
Northwestern University School of Law
joined with several other schools in sponsoring
the development of this test, designed to
measure the student's general aptitude for the
study of law. Information on how to arrange
to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with
registration material for the test, which may
be obtained directly from the Educational
Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J.
08540. The test may be taken either before or
after the Law School application form and
LSDAS registration form are filed. An appli-

53

�cant for admission should ordinarily plan to
take the test as early as July and no later than
December preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores
are available, they will automatically be added
to the LSDAS file for the applicant.
LSDAS will provide Northwestern
University School of Law, as well as other law
schools to which the applicant wishes to seek
admission, with an analysis of the transcripts
and a report of the Law School Admission Test
score. A fee for this service is paid by the
applicant directly to the Educational Testing
Service. The full details of the Law School
Data Assembly Service accompany the
registration form.
An applicant must also submit, directly to
the Law School, on forms furnished by
Northwestern, recommendations from at least
two individuals, preferably college or university
instructors. Each application submitted to the
Law School must also be accompanied by a
non-refundable application fee of $25.

VISITS TO THE SCHOOL
The School is happy to have visits by
prospective students. An applicant does not
appear for a personal interview as part of the
admissions decision process, however, unless
invited by the Committee on Admissions. Since
all admissions decisions are made by a faculty
committee, an evaluative interview with the
Assistant Dean in charge of admissions would
not serve to communicate the special
circumstances of an applicant to all those who
may consider the case. An applicant who
wishes to supply special information should
submit a written statement.
Conferences will be held with students
interested in additional information about the
Law School or about the admission process.
These informational interviews should be by
appointment, arranged in advance by mail or
telephone.

WHEN TO APPLY
When possible, applications should be
submitted and supporting documents forwarded
before January 1, 1977. Applicants who follow
this procedure can expect to be informed of the
action of the Committee on Admissions by
March 1. All applications and supporting
documents should be submitted by March 1,
1977. Any application completed after that
date or any application which is lacking
54

supporting documents on that date may, in
the discretion of the Committee on Admissions,
be rejected for that reason.
Applicants for financial assistance must
complete their applications by February 1.
( See section on Financial Assistance. )
Applications are considered and acted upon
after all supporting information has been
received. Determinations are made upon a
balanced evaluation of the applicant's college
record, the Law School Admission Test score,
the required recommendations, and other
submitted information bearing on the
applicant's capacity and qualification for law
study. Each application is considered carefully
and individually. The trend of undergraduate
achievement, performance in particular fields
and courses, and the demands and influence of
other activities and personal circumstances are
weighed and taken into account.
Each applicant who is accepted for
admission, whether or not he or she has been
awarded financial assistance, is required to
make a deposit of $100 no earlier than April 1
of the year of entrance. Upon registration the
deposit is applied toward tuition and fees.
No applicant previously enrolled in another
law school is admitted either as a beginning
student or as a transfer student if he or she is
ineligible to continue study at that school.

TRANSFER
The admission of a student previously
enrolled in another law school who wishes to
become a candidate for the degree of Juris
Doctor from Northwestern depends upon the
applicant's achievements in law study and upon
the factors which control the admission of
beginning students. Generally stated, the
standard requires a highly creditable law
school record.
Transfer applicants should submit the
standard application form following the instructions contained therein with the $25 application
fee, transcripts from each college and university
attended, including the law school from which
transfer is contemplated, and two
recommendations from former instructors, at
least one of which is a law school instructor.
In addition the applicant must have
furnished an official copy of the Law School
Admission Test score, a statement of law
school class standing ( or other basis for
interpreting law school record), and a
statement of eligibility to continue in his or her
present law school.

�Since the record of all law school work
completed must be submitted before a transfer
decision can be made, such decisions are not
usually made until late summer.
The granting of credit for courses completed
in other schools and the allowance of advanced
standing rest within the discretion of the Dean
of the School. In no event is transfer credit
given for law school work in schools which are
not members of the Association of American
Law Schools or for courses in which the
student received a grade below C or its
equivalent.

EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM
Recognizing that heads of households with
small children have special family obligations
which cannot always be met by the granting of
financial aid, the Law School has instituted an
Extended Study Program which allows
participants to take four years to complete the
normal three-year course of legal study.
A maximum of five Extended Study
Program students are admitted to each
first-year class. The program is open to
applicants of exceptional ability who have
special family obligations (such as the care of
preschool children or unusually heavy financial
commitments) which cannot be met by
customary financial aid.
Participating students are required to register
for at least ten hours of course work each
semester. In order to complete the program
within four calendar years, students may either
take more than ten hours in some semesters
or attend summer school, or both.
Although the program is designed primarily
for women with children, applications are
accepted from men who find themselves in a
situation analagous to that of a woman who
would be eligible for the program.

PRE-LEGAL STUDY
A bachelor's degree from an accredited
college or university is required for enrollment
in the Law School, but no specific fields of
major study or particular courses are
prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is
to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound
liberal education for the discharge of his or her
broader professional responsibilities and to
provide a foundation for law school training.
Since the reach of the law's concerns may be
as wide as the range of human behavior, no
particular course of undergraduate study is

viewed as conferring a special advantage in
the law.
College curricula vary, the content of
courses bearing the same title may be
dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases
differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be
general. Courses in such fields as history,
economics, anthropology, sociology,
government, and political science may help the
student to understand the structure of society
and the problems of social ordering with which
the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy
and literature may impart a familiarity with the
traditions of thought that have influenced legal
developments. The examination of human
behavior in courses in psychology and its
analysis through statistical method may also
prove worthwhile.
In developing the skills of a lawyer, the
college student should pursue studies that
enhance the power to express oneself with
clarity and force. English, foreign language
courses, and public speaking are recommended,
as well as other courses in which written work
of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the
physical, natural, and mathematical sciences,
in addition to logic, are suggested.
Apart from subject matter, the student
preparing for the study of law should take
courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in the
development of the rigorous intellectual
discipline essential to success in law school.
He or she would be well-advised, in addition,
to pursue study in some definite field far
enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The
typical student who follows his or her own
interests and tastes is more likely to extend
himself or herself and thereby to increase
capacities for law study.
It is perhaps advisable, however, for the
prospective law student to avoid undergraduate
courses in law designed to prepare one for
other callings and duplicating law school work.
Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent
in studies in other fields.
In general, the undergraduate college student
is best advised not to try to prepare particularly
and narrowly for law school studies, but to
prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the
best available general education. He or she
will find that what is best for law school is also
the best in liberal education-a course of study
that develops in the student the capacity for
understanding, for independent thought, and
for effective self-expression.

55

��TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
The cost of a year of law study varies with
the needs, habits, and circumstances of the
student. As a base from which individual
estimates may be drawn, the sum of $7,200
approximates the minimum total expense for
the academic year of the average unmarried
student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law
School dormitory. Of this total, about $4,500
is required for tuition, fees, books, and
supplies. The remainder represents the typical
expenditure for room, board, and personal
needs.

TUITION
The student's total investment in legal
education , although large in absolute terms,
is insubstantial in comparison with its total
returns in the decades of later professional life.
Short-term economies often prove wasteful in
the long run. In the interests of its students,
the Law School has made every effort to hold
down the costs, but in the same interests, it has
refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a
legal education of the highest quality. The cost
of each student's education is only partly
covered by his or her tuition payments. A
substantial portion is paid from income from
endowments and from annual gifts of alumni
and friends of Northwestern.
Tuition for the academic year 1976-77
Full tuition for candidates
for the J. D. degree,
$2,130
each semester
Part-time tuition, each
$210
credit-hour
Auditor's fee, each weekly
$210
class hour
Resident in Research fee,
$90
each semester

Full tuition for candidates for
the LL.M. and S.J.D. degrees,
each semester

$1,965

Subsequent years
Increases in tuition may be anticipated for
subsequent years.

Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor
are classified as undergraduate students.
Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws
(LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical
Science (S.J .D.) and students who have
received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor
degrees or their equivalents and are in their
first semester of full-time graduate work
pending their acceptance as candidates for a
graduate degree are classified as graduate
students. All other students are unclassified
students.
Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees
who have done full-time graduate work at this
University for two semesters are charged the
Resident in Research fee unless they take
courses or seminars. They are then charged at
the rate of $210 per credit-hour.
Unclassified students in residence who are
neither taking courses or seminars for credit
nor auditing courses or seminars are charged
the Resident in Research fee.
All information on tuition, fees, and other
costs is subject to change without notice.

FEES
In addition to tuition, the following
academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are
charged:
Application fee ....... . .. ... .. ..... $25
Not transferable; not refundable.

Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Late Health Service requirement fee . . .

2

For students who do not complete the initial
Health Service requirements as specified in the
Student Health Bulletin.

Duplicate transcript of record, each . . . .

1

Multilith Fee

In many courses it is necessary to supply
multilithed materials to supplement assigned
casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester
for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of
duplicating such supplementary materials. In
instances where the teaching materials used in
a course consist entirely or mainly of
multilithed materials prepared by the instructor,
an additional charge may be made.
57

�Justice John Paul Stevens, '47 (left), at Law School reception following his
appointment to the United States Supreme Court.
Advance Deposit
An advance deposit of $100 is required of
all applicants accepted for admission, including
those granted financial assistance. This deposit
is applied as part payment of tuition and fees
but is not refundable.

PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES
Tuition and fees are billed and paid by
semester, rather than for the full academic
year. Payments are due at the beginning of
the term upon the date specified in the
statement sent to each student after registration.
The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on
the first floor of Abbott Hall, receives these
payments.
The Division of Student Finance, on the
first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements
and makes all adjustments.
Although the University collects charges as
stated above, parents can make arrangements to
pay on a monthly basis through the Insured
Tuition Payment Plan, which must be done far
in advance of enrollment. This organization
offers both prepayment and extended payment
programs and protects the student's educational
plans with life and disability insurance on the
parent.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS
Official withdrawal forms are available
from the Registrar of the School of Law.
Students who withdraw before the end of
one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth

58

of the tuition for the term. Students who
withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term
and before the middle of the term are held for
one-half of the tuition for the term. Students
who withdraw after the middle of the term are
held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of
withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In
the case of exclusion for nonpayment of
tuition, the same charges are made in
accordance with the above schedule. In all
cases, either the date on which the student
withdrew from classes and filed a written
withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the
Law School or the date of formal exclusion
is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition.

REBATES
Information about rebates for full-time
faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent
sons and daughters, and employees of
Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be
obtained at the Student Finance Office,
Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed
with that office before the student's first
registration each school year.

STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The University maintains a student deposit
account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as
an accommodation to students. There is no
charge for this service, and no interest is paid
on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts
not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the
Cashier's Office by students who present their
University ID cards.

�FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE
The Law School is committed to providing
all possible assistance to law students so that
they may reach their educational goals. However, scholarship and loan funds available for
this purpose are quite limited, and not all
students who demonstrate financial need can
be given financial assistance.
Each application for financial assistance is
considered individually and each award is
determined after an appraisal of the student's
monetary needs. The application is considered
for awards of scholarship grants and repayable
grants. The committee expects that each
applicant will obtain as much financial
assistance from other sources as is possible.
Some scholarships, described below, are
available for students with exceptional ability
and attainments.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
The Law School is a participant in the
Graduate and Professional School Financial
Aid Service (GAPSFAS). All applicants for
financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form
entitled "Application for Financial Aid for
the Academic Year 1977-78." The GAPSFAS
application may be obtained from the financial
aid officer at the institution the applicant is
currently attending or from the Graduate and
Professional School Financial Aid Service,
Box 2614, Princeton, New Jersey 08540.
The application should be filed no later than
January I in order to assure its receipt at the
school by February 1. The application contains
sections to be completed by the applicant, by
the spouse or prospective spouse, and the
applicant's parents. An applicant must complete all three sections to be considered for
aid at the Law School.
An application for financial aid will be
considered after an applicant has been accepted
for admission. The admission decision will not
be affected by a request for financial assistance.

SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS
In addition to funds provided by the
University and to the generous annual gifts
of alumni and others for scholarship purposes
in the Law School, the following special

scholarships and awards are available to law
students at Northwestern:
George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About
$640,000 was bequeathed to the School by
Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her
husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income
from this fund and such part of the principal
as may be deemed appropriate is awarded to
students selected by the Dean.
Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C.
Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided a
fund of about $100,000, the income from
which is used for scholarships, fellowships,
loans, or other financial assistance in the Law
School. Recipients are selected by the Dean in
consultation with an Advisory Committee,
taking into consideration scholarship, interest
in and attitude toward the Law School and
University, conduct in and out of class, and
need.
John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several
students of exceptional promise and ability may
be designated each year as Wigmore Scholars
in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of
the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author
of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one
of the profession's greatest scholars. The
scholarships are normally in the amount of
full tuition, and in special cases of need they
may include an additional grant toward
expenses.
Clarion De Witt Hardy Scholarships. A

student of exceptional ability in each class who
has a goal of devoting his or her life to public
service is awarded a Hardy Scholarship. The
scholarships are in memory of Clarion DeWitt
Hardy, a distinguished member of the faculty
of the School of Speech, and were originally
established by the late Owen L. Coon of the
Law School Class of 1919. After his death in
1948, they were carried on until 1973 by the
Owen L. Coon Foundation. In recognition of
the generous support given the School by Mr.
Coon and by members of his family and of the
Foundation board, the Law School decided in
1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships as
described above. In the selection of Scholars,
weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarships are normally
in the amount of full tuition, and in special
59

�cases of need may include an additional grant
toward expenses.
Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship
Fund. The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation has

made gifts totaling $145,000 to endow a fund,
the income from which is to be used in the
discretion of the Dean to provide scholarship
assistance to one or more deserving students.
Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A

fund of $64,000 was established in 1972,
under the sponsorship of the John Henry
Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of
John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished
service as Dean of the Law School from 1957
to 1972. Income from the fund is to be
awarded annually to provide scholarship
assistance to a deserving student selected by
the Dean of the Law School.
L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income
from a fund of $67,000, given by L. Shirley
Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually
to a student in the Law School selected by the
Dean.
Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts
of $31,000 by the Susan and Jerome Ettelson
Foundation have provided an endowment,
the income from which is to be used, under the
discretion of the Dean, to provide scholarships
to students showing promise of academic
excellence. Mr. Ettelson is a member of the
Class of 1941.
Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The
estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for
a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund
at the School of Law. The scholarship is a
memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne
of the Class of 1866, whose father was the
founder of the Law School.
George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship
Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received

from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to
endow a scholarship fund in memory of the
testator's late son, who was a member of the
Law School class which entered in 1939.
George A. Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts by
Mrs. George A. Basta totaling over $16,000
have established a fund honoring her late
husband, George A. Basta of the Class of 1909.
The income provides scholarship assistance for
deserving students selected by the Dean.
David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts by
many friends and associates of David Axelrod,
Class of 1933, who died in 1976, have been
used to begin a scholarship fund in his
memory, and his family and others plan to
60

enlarge the fund. Deserving students are to be
selected for assistance by the Dean on the
basis of need.
Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust
with a principal amount of $240,000 under the
will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class
of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of
assisting students throughout the period of their
undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been
named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate
years and have maintained their scholastic
standing.
Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The
sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to
Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn
in memory of her husband, the income from
the fund to be given as scholarships to students
in the School of Law in such amounts as the
President of the University or the Dean of the
School of Law may determine.
Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $25,000 established by
Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her
husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875,
is awarded annually to deserving students who,
but for such aid, would not be able to pursue
law study.
Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954,
Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a
gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income
from which is applied annually to aid one or
more worthy students in the Law School who,
but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a
legal education. In 1964, the principal of the
fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from
The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation.
Amounts granted, within the discretion of the
Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose
of paying tuition and other expenses.
Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The
income from a fund of $25,000 given in
memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow,
Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter,
Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually
to a deserving student from Illinois or
Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be
able to pursue the study of law. Judge
Thompson served on the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of
the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was
a member of the Board of Governors of the
American Bar Association, and was actively
interested in the Law School during much of
his distinguished career.

�Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship.
In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams,
distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate
student of the School of Law (1908-09), his
wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a
law student of high character and ability in
need of financial assistance.
Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B.
Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963
established in the Law School an unrestricted
trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B.
Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has
directed that the income from this unrestricted
trust be used to provide scholarships for
qualified and needy students in the School.
Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $25,000 established
by a bequest of the late Irene V. McCormick,
supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss
McCormick, is awarded to financially needy
students residing in the Chicago area.
Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The
income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late
Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the
Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship
aid for worthy and needy students.

Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income
from a fund of $50,000 contributed by the
alumni of the School is utilized as a scholarship
awarded annually to a deserving law student.
Ware Scholarship. The income from a
$10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to
establish a scholarship in memory of her son,
Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was
killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the
Argonne offensive, is available annually to a
student of high scholastic standing and good
character who is in need of financial assistance
to obtain a good legal education.
Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In
memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young,
distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D.,
1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De
Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs.
Herbert V.) have established a scholarship
through a gift to the University of $10,000.
The income from this fund is awarded to a
student in the School of Law who is in need
of financial assistance and gives promise of
becoming an outstanding and worthy member
of the bar of Illinois.

Illinois Governor Dan Walker, '50, greets fellow alumni at annual dinner of the Alumni Association.

61

�Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $7,000 given by
the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded
annually to a student deserving financial
assistance.
Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph
H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of
$10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish
a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise
Wright. Income from the fund is used to
provide scholarships for needy and worthy
students.
Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From
the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will
of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is
awarded annually to a student of character,
ability, promise, and financial need.
Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original
unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late
Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased
by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone.
Commencing in September 1971, for a period
of not less than five nor more than ten years,
the fund is to be used to provide annual
scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000
nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students
until the principal and accumulation of the
fund are exhausted.
Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $5,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Wellington
Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship
for a needy law student who has been a
resident of Chicago not less than ten years.
Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of
Law. From the income of a bequest in the will
of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of
$250 has been established and is awarded
annually.
Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income
from an endowment established by the Chicago
Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is
awarded annually to a student in the Law
School.
Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from
a fund established by the Class of 1954 is
awarded annually to a student in need of
financial assistance.
Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships.
The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles
contributes an amount each year for law
scholarship purposes, based upon the number
of Northwestern alumni employed by the
company.
Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund.
From the income of a gift of Ernest U.

62

Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship
assistance is awarded annually to a student who
from the standpoint of character, ability,
promise, and financial need deserves financial
assistance.
Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund.
From the income from a bequest by the late
Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896,
scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a
student of high character and ability who is in
need of financial assistance.
David T. Campbell Fund. From the income
from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell
of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is
awarded annually to students of character and
ability in need of financial assistance.
Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S.
Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an
endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the
income from which is to be expended annually
for the purchase of books by financially needy
students for use in their class work.
Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund
was established by friends of the late Mahlon
Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase
books to be used each year by a freshman
scholarship student of outstanding
accomplishments and in need of financial
assistance who is selected by the Dean.
Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The
annual income from a trust fund established by
the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a
scholarship for a worthy student in the Law
School.
Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship.
In October 1963, the American Federation of
Television and Radio Artists made a
contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for
the purpose of endowing a scholarship
honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr.,
a member of the Class of 1961. Mr.
Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the
Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963
while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval
Reserve. The Federation has provided that the
income from the endowment should be
awarded annually to a deserving student in the
Law School who is a veteran of the armed
forces or the son or close relative of a
veteran of the armed forces.
The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund.
$500 is awarded annually by the Jewish
Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy
student in the Law School who is in need of
financial assistance.

�Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000
to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her
late husband, a member of the Class of 1916.
Income from the gift provides scholarship
support for a student from Hawaii, selected by
the Dean from among those enrolled in the
School. In years when no award is made,
income is added to principal.
Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $10,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor
is awarded to a deserving law student.
Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund.
Students, faculty members, and other friends
established this fund in memory of Alan H.
Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the
fund is used to provide scholarship support for
deserving minority group students.
Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald
Deller established a trust of $10,000 to provide
a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele
Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a
great admirer of John Henry Wigmore.
Income from the trust fund is to be used
annually to provide a scholarship for a needy
and worthy student who is studying, among
other subjects, those subjects relating to social
welfare law.
Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In
1974, the Chicago Bar Foundation established
a scholarship fund for students at Northwestern
and other Chicago law schools. The scholarships are to be awarded to students with
financial need as selected by the Dean.

LOANS
Among the sources of Law School loan
funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris
Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger
Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law
School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law
Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation
Loan Funds.
In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the
Class of 1921, in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and
Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor
of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for
loans to deserving students in need of financial
assistance.
Northwestern University's Income Protection
Student Loan Program is an effort on the part
of the University to assist the individual student
in defraying part of the student's present
educational costs. Through this program a
student may qualify for loans under the
Federally Insured Student Loan Program.
Further information may be obtained through
the Office of Admissions.
The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers
educational loans to eligible students through
banks or other commercial lenders.
Information about this program is available
at the applicant's local bank.
The Illinois Bar Foundation has established
a student loan fund. Specific information about
the loans may be obtained from the Office of
Admissions.

63

��GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES
The graduate program of the Law School has
several objectives. One purpose is to offer to
recent law graduates who have demonstrated
superior proficiency in the study of law as well
as to active practitioners, an opportunity not
only to broaden their legal knowledge but also
to study and engage in research in particular
fields of interest. The School also desires to
make its facilities available to law teachers and
prospective law teachers interested in advanced
study and original research and writing under
faculty guidance. In addition, the program is
intended to provide outstanding graduates of
foreign law schools with an opportunity to
expand their knowledge of American legal
processes and to engage in comparative legal
research.

ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY
AND TO CANDIDACY FOR
ADVANCED DEGREES
The admission of students who have been
awarded a first degree in law to graduate study
or to candidacy for the degree of Master of
Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the
discretion of the Committee on Graduate
Studies.
Experience indicates that foreign students
whose native language is not English have great
difficulty in meeting the requirements unless
they have a good command of written and
spoken English.
Application forms and additional
information may be secured by writing to the
Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern
University School of Law, 357 East Chicago
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

DEGREES
Two graduate degrees are granted: the
degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.).
Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of
Master of Laws is conferred upon students who
have obtained a first degree in law from this
University or another having equivalent
requirements; in unusual cases, this

requirement may be waived by a vote of the
faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the
following requirements:
I. The completion of one academic year
of residence in this School, during which time
credit must be obtained for not less than l 0
semester-hours in courses or seminars not
previously counted toward the first degree in
law. Students who have not previously taken,
for their first degree in law, a course or seminar
in the general field of jurisprudence must
include such work in their program.
Each graduate student's course program is
individually planned in relation to the
student's choice of a thesis topic. To the
extent necessary to establish a background for
the research, the Graduate Committee may at
its discretion require a graduate student to take
course and seminar work in addition to the
minimum prescribed above. During their year
of residence, graduate students are required to
maintain a superior scholarship record.
2. The completion of a thorough study of
some approved legal topic and the presentation
of a paper embodying its results. The
candidate's thesis must be suitable for
publication in the Northwestern University
Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology.
3. The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is
conferred upon students who have obtained the
degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other
university or college having equivalent
requirements for that degree or who have
obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from
another university or college whose
requirements for that degree are equivalent to
those prescribed by this School for the degree
of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the
following requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year of
residence in this School. The time required for
the completion of a candidate's work, however,
normally runs far beyond the period of
residence required.

65

�2. The completion of a study to be
approved by the faculty or its designated
committee. This study shall be one involving
original research and must be completed in
such manner, both as to subject matter and
literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the
faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution
to legal science.
3. The completion of such other work, if
any, as may be directed by the Dean in the
particular case.
4. The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Faculty policy restricts this degree to
candidates who have had substantial experience
either in practicing or teaching law and who,
through published writings, have evidenced
their capacity for advanced graduate work.

TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
Full information concerning tuition and fees
for graduate study appears on preceding pages.
The expenses of an unmarried student for
the academic year, including books, board and
room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition
and fees) should be estimated at a minimum
of $3 ,500.
Accommodations for both married and
unmarried graduate students are available on
the University's Chicago campus.

GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS
Two James Nelson Raymond International
Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis
to foreign applicants interested in any field of
legal study, including international legal
studies. Each fellowship presently provides for
the payment of tuition plus $3,500 for books
and living expenses.
The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond
Fellowship in a similar amount is awarded on a
competitive basis to a United States applicant.
The fellowships provide for payment of
tuition and fees. The balance of $3,500 is
paid to the student in 10 installments, the first
on September 1.
Normally, fellowships are not awarded to
foreign students who already have spent a year
in this country under another scholarship grant.
The fellowships are granted for one year only.
Fellowships do not provide for travel
expenses. A student must make individual
travel arrangements. A successful fellowship
applicant should also bring sufficient funds for
personal expenses from the time of arrival until
September 1.

66

�"Old Northwestern!
That's where we learned our law."
-"The Counsellor's Chorus/'
John Henry Wigman~, Dean
1901-29

THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI
The associations formed in the years of study
at the Law School are lifelong. The School,
through its Placement Service, offers assistance
to the graduate in finding a position which
promises satisfaction both in economic terms
and in self-realization and contribution.
The School's alumni assist in keeping alive
memories and friendships of student days and
provide the support so important to the School.

PLACEMENT
At graduation the Northwestern law student
joins the century-long procession of Law
School alumni. A wide range of choice is open.
To provide its graduates with advice, guidance,
and a broad selection of opportunities for their
legal careers, the Law School maintains a
placement service under the direction of the
Associate Dean of Placement.
Through general announcements to the
profession and particular inquiries, the
Placement Service gathers information on
professional opportunities and openings,
compiles complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective
graduates, and posts announcements of new
openings to keep the student's information
current.
While there are many who practice law, the
demand for well-trained, able young lawyers
has not diminished. The rising level of starting
salaries gives evidence of the professional need.
Each year the Placement Service receives
inquiries and requests from numerous Jaw
firms, corporations, and government agencies.
A majority of the Law School's alumni are
engaged in the private practice of law. Some
have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others
have settled in cities and towns throughout the

United States. In large firms and in individual
practice, Northwestern graduates rank as
leaders of the bar in every state in the nation
and in many foreign countries. In service to
their profession and their clients, they have
occupied the presidencies of the American,
state, and local bar associations.
Not all alumni elect the rewards of private
practice. Furthering a strong tradition of
public service, a number of those in each
graduating class accept positions with
government at the national, state, or local level.
Working with prosecuting and investigating
agencies, on government boards and
commissions, and on the staffs of government
departments, they are often vested with major
responsibilities and acquire wide experience
early in their professional lives. After a period
of government service, many enter private
practice, where their experience in government
is of great value. Others make public service
a career and attain high public office, elective
or appointive.
The roster of Law School alumni includes
past and present governors and United States
senators, cabinet members, department heads,
United Nations representatives, diplomats,
mayors, attorneys general, prosecutors,
legislators, and government advisers.
In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates
have served with distinction on the benches of
the highest courts, both federal and state.
For the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges
of the federal and state courts.
Through the years, Northwestern, for its
size, has contributed more than its share of the
nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined
the faculties of nearly all the major Jaw schools
in the United States, and many have served as
67

�deans, university presidents, and leaders in
other branches of education.
An expanding field of opportunity beyond
the limits of traditional practice is offered the
Law School graduate interested in business,
industry, and finance. In increasing recognition
of the values of legal training, corporations,
banks, and companies in a wide range of
enterprise seek Law School graduates not only
for their legal staffs but for executive positions.
Attractive starting salaries and opportunities
for advancement in management have
combined to draw a substantial number of
graduates of the Law School. Alumni have
risen to principal executive posts in many of
the nation's largest corporations in such fields
as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance,
finance, public utilities, and manufacturing.
Graduating students must make their own
choice from the array of professional
opportunities open to them. It is the function
of the Law School's Placement Service to assist
students in exploring the possibilities and help
in arranging the necessary contacts.
Each year a large number of law firms from
major cities throughout the United States send
members of the firm to the Law School to
interview advanced students. Government
agencies, corporations, and banks also send
representatives to the School for interviews.
Beyond its service to current graduates, the
Placement Service also seeks to provide
placement of students with law firms
and government agencies for summer vacation
periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the
placement of alumni of earlier years who are
returning from military service or are seeking
a change of position.

PLACEMENT STATISTICS
Recent H.E.W. regulations require law
schools which participate in Federal loan
programs to make a good faith effort to present
prospective students with a complete and
accurate statement about the School, including
statistics on placement. The Law School, in
presenting these statistics, does not do so with
the intent of influencing an applicant's choice
of schools, nor can the School make any
guarantees to future graduates as to type of
employment or starting salaries.
In reviewing the information, individuals
should keep in mind that employment
opportunities for graduating seniors vary from
year to year, depending to a large extent on
the job market and the economy. Further, not
all students use the services of the Placement
Office or file a report with the office regarding
their employment.
A typical graduating class is composed of
about 175 students.
1975•76*

Interviewers on campus
Number of interviews held
Number of seniors reporting
Law Firms
Private practice
Public interest and
legal services
Corporations
Legal and non-legal

3,146
139
80

5
14

Banking/ consulting/ accounting

8

Government
Federal
State and local

4
7

Judicial Clerkships
Federal
State and local

8
2

Academic
Teaching
Further study

2
2

Military

2

Employed, job category not
known

5

Mean starting salary
•May 15, 1976

68

192

$15,997

�THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed
the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they
commemorated the Law School's centennial by
contributing substantially to the construction
of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L.
Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts
to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships
and significant support for the general program
of the School.
Many alumni assist directly in the
educational program. A number serve as
judges in the Moot Court program. In
addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw

upon their practical experience and special
knowledge in particular fields of law by
participating in course work or addressing
student groups. They render invaluable
assistance in connection with the placement
program.
Each year alumni reunions are held during
the meetings of the American Bar Association
and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an
alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago
with a prominent guest speaker.

OFFICERS 1976-77

OFFICERS 1975-76
Raymond I. Suekoff '33
Francis J. McConnell '53
A. Arthur Davis '52
William W. McKittrick '39
Richard S. Trenkmann '67
Esther 0. Kegan '36
Patrick W. O'Brien '50

President
1st Vice-President
2nd Vice-President
3rd Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer
Immediate Past President

Francis J. McConnell '53

A. Arthur Davis '52

William W. McKittrick '39
Jerome L. Ettelson '41
Richard S. Trenkmann '67
Esther 0 . Kegan '36
Raymond I. Suekoff '33

Regional Vice-Presidents

John K. Barry '51, Pittsburgh
H. Harold Calkins '40, Denver
Walter S. Davis, Jr. '50, Milwaukee
Richard J. Flynn '53, District of Columbia
James F. Henderson '48, Phoenix
Harry R. Horrow '34, San Francisco
Helmer R. Johnson '37, New York City

0. Gene Maddox '60, Des Moines
Laurence E. Oliphant, Jr. '34, Cleveland
Norman M. Sevin '56, Miami
Jon E. Steffensen '71, Boston
Edwin 0. Wack '39, Minneapolis
Paul Ziffren '38, Los Angeles

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Terms Expiring in 1977
William W. Brady '40
John J. Crown '55
Milton L. Fisher '49
James T. Otis '51
Ray J. Schoonhoven '48
L. Shirley Tark '16

Terms Expiring in 1979
Marvin E. Aspen '58
Edward J. Bradley, Jr. '64
Richard S. Kelly '51
A. Charles Lawrence '31
Robert B. Oxtoby '48
Carol Thigpen '73

Terms Expiring in 1978
Isidore Brown '15
James C. Hardman '61
George Kelm '54
Timothy C. Klenk '67
Milton A. Kolar '39
Russell H. Matthias '32

Terms Expiring in 1980
Franklin A. Chanen '57
Arlene C. Erlebacher '73
Paul Gerden '40
Crane C. Hauser '50
Barnet Hodes '21
Mark E. MacDonald '67

Terms Expiring in 1981
D. Jeffrey Baddeley '62
Patricia A. Brandin '74
John K. Notz, Jr. '56
Robert W. Patterson '60
Elroy C. Sandquist '50
Harold D. Shapiro '52

69

�ROSTER OF COLLEGES · AND UNIVERSITIES

A total of 158 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled
in the School of Law in 1975-76.
University of Alaska . . . . . . 1
Albion College . . . . . . . . . . 2
American University . . . . . 2
Amherst College . . . . . . . . 2
University of Arkansas . . . 1
Augustana College . . . . . . 2
Barnard College . . . . . . . . 2
Bethel College . . . . . . . . . . 2
Blackburn College . . . . . . . 1
Boston College . . . . . . . . . . 1
Boston University . . . . . . . . 4
Bowling Green State . . . . . 1
Brandeis University . . . . . . 3
Brooklyn College-CUNY . . 1
Brown University . . . . . . . . 5
Bucknell University . . . . . . 1
University of California . . . 10
Carleton College . . . . . . . . 1
Carnegie-Mellon . . . . . . . . . 1
Carthage College . . . . . . . . 1
Case Western Reserve . . . . 2
Catholic University . . . . . . 1
Charminade College . . . . . . 1
University of Chicago . . . . 8
City College of N .Y. . . . . 2
Claremont Men's College . . 5
Clark College . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Colgate University . . . . . . . 2
University of Colorado . . 3
Columbia University . . . . . 4
Cornell University . . . . . . . 4
Creighton University . . . . . 1
University of Dallas . . . . . . 1
Dartmouth College . . . . . . 4
University of Dayton . . . . . 2
University of Delaware . . . 1
Denison University . . . . . . 7
University of Denver . . . . . 1
DePaul University . . . . . . . 7
Douglass College . . . . . . . . 1
Drake University . . . . . . . . 6
University of Dubuque . . . 1
Duke University . . . . . . . . . 6
University of Edinburgh . . 1
Elmhurst College . . . . . . . . 2
Emory University . . . . . . . . 2
University of Evansville . . 1
Evergreen State College . . . 1
Fisk Univenity . . . . . . . . . . 1
Florida State . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Fordham University . . . . . . 2
Georgetown University . . . . 3
George Washington College 1

70

Grinnell College . . . . . . . .
Harvard University . . . . . .
Haverford College . . . . . . .
University of Hawaii . . . .
Holy Cross . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Houston . . . .
Howard University . . . . . . .
Hunter College . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois Benedictine College
University of Illinois . . . .
Illinois State . . . . . . . . . . . .
Illinois Wesleyan . . . . . . . .
Indiana University . . . . . . .
Iowa State . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . .
John Carroll University . .
Johnston College . . . . . . . .
University of Kansas . . . . .
Knox College . . . . . . . . . . .
Lafayette College . . . . . . . .
Lake Forest College . . . . . .
Lakeland College . . . . . . . .
Lawrence University . . . . . .
Lewis University . . . . . . . .
University of London . . . .
Loyola University . . . . . . .
Luther College . . . . . . . . . .
Macalester College . . . . . .
Marquette University . . . . .
University of Massachusetts
Miami University . . . . . . . .
Michigan State . . . . . . . . . .
University of Michigan . . .
Middlebury College . . . . . .
University of Minnesota . .
University of Missouri . . . .
Monmouth College . . . . . .
Mundelein College . . . . . . .
University of Nebraska . . .
University of New Mexico
New York University . . . .
North Central College . . . .
Northern Illinois University
Northwestern University ..
University of Notre Dame
Oberlin College . . . . . . . . .
Occidental College . . . . . . .
Ohio State University . . . .
Ohio Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . .
University of Oklahoma . .
University of Pennsylvania
University of Pittsburgh . .
Pomona College . . . . . . . . .

3
4
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
64
3
1
11
2
1
1
1
4
3
1
6
1
1
1
1
24
1
3
4
1
2
6
23
1
1
2
1
2
4
1
4
1
3
84
18
3
1
9
2
2
6
1
2

Princeton University . . . . . .
Providence College . . . . . .
University of Puerto Rico .
Purdue University . . . . . . .
Radcliffe College . . . . . . . .
Reed College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regis College . . . . . . . . . . .
Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Rochester . .
Rollins College . . . . . . .. . . .
Roosevelt University . . . . .
Rutgers State University . .
St. Edward's College . . . . .
St. Mary's College . . . . . .
St. Mary of the Woods . . .
St. Norbert College . . . . . .
St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . .
University of Santa Clara .
Sarah Lawrence College . .
Shimer College . . . . . . . . . .
Simmons College . . . . . . . .
Smith College . . . . . . . . . . .
So. Dakota School of Mines
Southern California . . . . . .
Southern Colorado State . .
Southern Illinois . . . . . . . . .
Southern Methodist
Stanford University
Swarthmore College
Syracuse University
Texas University . . . . . . . .
Tougaloo University . . . . . .
Trinity College . . . . . . . . . .
Tufts University . . . . . . . . .
Union College . . . . . . . . . .
Vanderbilt University . . . . .
Vassar College . . . . . . . . . .
University of Vermont . . . .
University of Virginia . . . .
Wabash College . . . . . . . . .
Washington University . . . .
Wayne State . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wellesley College . . . . . . . .
Wesleyan University . . . . . .
Western Illinois . . . . . . . . .
Western Kentucky . . . . . . .
Western Michigan . . . . . . .
West Virginia State . . . . . .
Williams College . . . . . . . .
University of Wisconsm . .
University of Wyoming . .
Yale University . . . . . . . . . .

7
1
1
6
2
1
1

1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
9
2
1
1
I
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
7
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
8
1
5

�INDEX

Abbott Hall, 14, 72
Academic regulations, 23
Admission, 53
graduate study, 65
Alumni, 67
Application fee, 57
Application procedures, 53, 59
Buildings, 10
Black Law Students Association, 52
Calendar, 7
Classes, 17
Classrooms, 10
Colleges and universities represented, 70
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 22
Corporate Counsel Institute, 47
Course descriptions, 28
Course of instruction, 17
Course load, 24
Course numbering codes, 24
Curriculum, 25; three-year, 21
Data assembly service, 53
Defense Attorneys Short Course, 47
Degrees, first, 24; graduate, 65
Endowed programs, 43
Enrollment, limited, 24
Examinations, 23
Expenses, 57, 66
Extended study program, 55
Facilities, 14
Faculty, 4, 18
Fees, 57, 66
Financial assistance, 59
Graduate fellowships, 66
Graduate study and degrees, 65
Graduation requirements, 23
Grants, 59
Health service, 15
Honor Code, 52
Honors and prizes, 42
Housing, 14, 72
J.D.-M.M. program, 22
J.D.-Ph.D. program 22
Joint degree program in Law/Social Sciences, 22
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 42, 49
Junior Bar Association, 51
Law Alumni Association, 69
Law Review, 42, 50
Law School Admission Test, 53
Law and Social Sciences, 22
Legal Assistance Clinic, 46
Legal Publications, 49
Legal writing skills, 20

Library, 10
Library Funds, 12
Linthicum Foundation Program, 46
Loans, 63
Location of campuses, 9
Medical service, 15
Methods of instruction, 18
Case method, 18
Problem method, 19
Clinical training and practice, 20
Seminars, 20
Legal writing skills, 20
Senior Research Program, 21
Arlyn Miner First-Year Moot Court Program, 51
Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 50
M.M.-J.D. combined program, 22
Moot Court, 50
Northwestern University Law Review, 42, 50
Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 4
Order of the Coif, 42
Ph.D.-J.D. combined program, 22
Placement, 67
Pre-legal study, 55
Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course, 47
Publications, 49
Rebates, 58
Refunds, 58
Research assistantships, 52
Rosenthal Lectures, 43
Scholarships, 59
Seminars, 20
Senior Research Program, 21
Short Coures, 47
Sociolegal studies, 22
Student activities, 49
Student deposit account, 58
Student government, 51
Student health, 15
Student residence, 14,72
Supplemental programs, 43
Corporate Counsel Institute, 47
Legal Assistance Clinic, 46
Linthicum Foundation Program, 46
Rosenthal Lectures, 43
Other endowed programs, 46
Three-year curriculum, 21
Transfer students, 54
Tuition, 57, 66
Visits to the School, 54
Voluntary legal services, 46
Women's Caucus, 52
Withdrawal, 58

71

�WHERE TO WRITE
Address all Law School mail to:
Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611

Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below
to the specific Law School offices indicated:
Director of Graduate Studies

Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree
or equivalent
Graduate fellowships

Law Alumni Association

Alumni affairs other than placement service

Office of Admissions

Admission to the regular session for students seeking
the J.D. degree:
Applications, including applications to transfer
Requests for forms or information
Recommendations
Financial assistance information for candidates for the
J.D. degree
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program

Placement Service

Placement of students and graduates

Program in Law and the Social Sciences

Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to
the J .D. and a Ph.D. should write to Director, Program in Law
and the Social Sciences

Registrar

Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in
a law school
Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the
Law School

For information on campus housing, write:
Manager, Abbott Hall
710 North Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60611

72

�Northwestern University Chicago Campus
EAST CHESTNUT STREET
NORTH

[5-c ~~Gl rijD@ ~J
------'===='l.!~

EAST SUPERIOR STREET

.

.

EAST ONTARIO STREET

1 Montgomery Ward Memorial Building
(Medical and Dental Schools)
2 Morton Medical Research Building
3 Searle Building (Med ical School)
4 Wieboldt Hall (Even ing Divi sions
and Evening Managers' Program)
5 Levy Mayer Hall (Law School)
6 McCormick Hall (Law School)

7 Thorne Hall (auditorium and
Northwestern Legal Assistance
Clinic)
8 Abbott Hall (residence)
9 Wesley Pavilion, Northwestern
Memoria l Hospital
10 Passavant Pav il ion, Northwestern
Memorial Hospital
11 Institute of Psychiatry of
Northwestern Memorial Hospital

Editor: Edward Hoyt Palmer, Associate Dean
Copy Editing and Layout: Lucy E. Murphy
Designer: Marylou Sanders

12 Prentice Women's Hospital
and Maternity Center of
Northwestern Memorial Hospital
13 Rehabilitation Center
14 Veterans Administration Lakeside Hospital
15 Medical Associates Offices
16 Carriage House (residence)
17 Worcester House (residence)
18 Health Sciences Building
(under construction)

�Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are
honest, whatsoever things are just, whatsoever
things are pure, whatsoever things are lovely,
whatsoever things are of good report; if there
be any virtue, and if there be any praise,
think on these things.
Philippians 4:8

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                <text>School Law NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY THE SCHOOL OF LAW ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Chicago Campus Lake Michigan CONTENTS Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Curriculum Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Law Alumni Association Roster Colleges Universities Index Write Map Chicago Campus OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack Lee Ellis Jim Carleton Student Affairs John Fields William Kerr David Mintzer Arthur T Schmehling William Bradford Stephen Miller William H Thigpen Roscoe Miller Payson Wild Laurence Nobles LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding Edward H Palmer Thomas Edmonds Thomas Eovaldi Stephen Yandle Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John H Beckstrom Robert Bennett William Chamberlin Robert Childres Anthony Amato Professor Law Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr. Owen Coon John Elson Thomas Eovaldi Freed Diane Crawford Geraghty Thomas Geraghty Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen Goldberg Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Fred Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Leon Liddell Steven Lubet Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch Daniel Polsby James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum Leonard Rubinowitz David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Stephen Snyder Francis Spalding Associate Dean Samuel Thompson Jr. Jon Waltz Frank Wiggins LECTURERS Francis Andrew Clinical Trial Advocacy Hon. Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence William Brady Accounting James Bronner Criminal Evidence George Burditt Drug Law Austin Fleming Planning Steven Goldman. A.B. Real Estate Development Robert Hanley Practice David Hilliard Trademarks Robert Howard Clinic Helen Hart Jones Women Law Henry Kenoe Clinic John Lungmus Intellectual Property Malcolm Merry First Year Legal Writing Moot Court Beverly Pattishall Trademarks Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon. Joseph Schneider Lecturer Law Psychiatry Harold Shapiro Harriman Lecturer Corporations Partnerships James Sprowl Computers Law Elaine Teigler Bibliography Merrill Thompson Food Drug Law Timothy Tilton Intellectual Property ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Steven Barclay Stephanie Bradley Alan Cherry Mark Chester Ronald Craig JoAnn Farrington Diane Geimer Ed Karlin Ken Kraft Jed Mandel Joanne Moffic Henry Patin Katherine Puckett Jay Shulman Connie Ward Scott Young ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Cheryl Berngard Veena Bhatia Toni Campbell Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Hermann Conaway Susan Curnick Darlene DeGrazio Essie Dorris Margaret Eartly JoAnn Ewing Kiyo Fujiu Connie Harper Josephine Harris Mary Ann Hoffman Kay Huff Genevieve Johnson Charlene Kvederis Bernice LeBeau Patricia Miller Registrar Sarah Mingo Jeanne Nowell Doris Nugent Krystyna Obuchowicz Dorothy Slocum Francine Spearman Willie Watkins Steffani WeissContinuing Legal Education Richard Wieczorek Department NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty John Elson Diane Crawford Geraghty Mark Schoenfield Steven Lubet Nancy Ketzenberg Marci Jenkins LIBRARY Leon Liddell Elaine Teigler Gail Munden Marta Pryjma Timothy Pyne Margaret Snyder Milada Weber Anne Zitkovich Librarian Maria Chase John Campbell CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Marcelino Catuira Frank Daniels Lance Helms Selma Krahn George Lee Don Liszewski Thomas Moran Marta Olszanska Rosita Ramos Priscilla Waldman Eugenia Weres PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair COMBINED J.D. M.M. PROGRAM Peter Barack David Dudley Field Law School LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Jaw Northwestern School Law Since Jaw Law School Long Law School Jaw. Early Law School Northwestern School LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago. Not Grant Park Nearby Orchestra Hall Chicago Symphony Orchestra Chicago Public Library. Gold Coast Loop Chicago Here United States Court Appeals. Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School. Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University. Living University Evanston. Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University Pick Staiger Concert Hall University Toward Eighties. 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DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Messrs. Freed Kennedy Merry Second Semesters Assistants Instruction One After Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis Arlyn Miner Memorial Fund. LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr. Snyder Among Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs. Redish Waltz Structure Cound Friedenthal &amp; Miller Civil Procedure Cases Materials Mr. Redish Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs. DuBose Reese Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr. Reese Mr. DuBose EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Haddad Ms. Hughes Mr. Waltz Materials Mr. Haddad Brown Meisenholder Problems Evidence Cleary McCormick Handbook Law Evidence Federal Rules Evidence United States Courts Magistrates Ms. Hughes Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materials Evidence Mr. Waltz FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course First Semester Messrs. Reese Second Semester Redish History Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts. CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course First Second Semesters Mr. Geraghty Introduction Students Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division. Trial Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr. Hanley Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence. Materials Morrill Trial Diplomacy TRIAL PRACTICE II Course Second Semester Mr. Hanley Circuit Court Cook County. They Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Trial Practice Materials Morrill Trial Diplomacy TRIAL PRACTICE &amp; II Course Second Semester Not Ms. Hughes COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs. Roberts &amp; Sprowl Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course First Second Semesters Mr. Lubet Introduction Chicago. Survey Legal Assistance Clinic Cook County Techniques Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation. Materials Legal Assistance Foundation Chicago Chicago Legal Aid Bureau Federal Defender Program Paid Course First Second Semesters CLINICAL PRACTICE Messrs. Eovaldi Geraghty Elson Schoenfield Lubet Howard Ms. Geraghty Open Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic United States Attorney Office Better Government Association Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Preference Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Materials CLIENT COUNSELING Semin Second Semester Ms. Geraghty Mr. Schoenfield Training Videotape SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs. Heinz Inbau Concepts Inbau Thompson Moenssens Cases Comments Criminal Law. CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course Second Semester Messrs. Haddad Inbau Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkman Cases Comments Criminal Procedure. 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COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Chamberlin Mr. Wiggins Professor Harry Reese Willam Gurley Professor Law. Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials . SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Hours Second Semester Mr. Polsby Secured Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act. Materials INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester Not Mr. Chamberlin EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course First Semester Mr. Childres Childres &amp; Johnson Equity Restitution Damages. DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester Mr. Polsby Federal Bankruptcy Act Materials THE LAW OF PRIVATE AGREEMENT II Seminar First Second Semesters Mr. Childres Students Admission Senior Research SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Course First Semester Messrs. Schuyler Spalding Introduction Historical Shelley Casner Leach Cases Text Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Ms. Hughes thP. 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DECEDENTS ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course Second Semester Mr. Schuyler Prerequisite Decedents Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents Estates Trusts . ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Messrs. Fleming Kirby Second Semester Mr. Fleming Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not ADVANCED FAMILY LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom During Comparative Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs. Kennedy Ruder Attention Vagts Materials Basic Corporation Law Mr. Kennedy Cary Cases Materials Oil Corporations Mr. Ruder ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr. Brady Principles Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Messrs. Rahl &amp; Kennedy Second Semester Mr. Kennedy Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Oil Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Goldberg Mr. Hillman Meltzer Labor Law Cases Materials Problems Supplement Appendix. TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs. Pattishall &amp; Hilliard Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Pattishall Hilliard Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices. DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course Second Semester Mr. Eovaldi Common Consideration Uniform Deceptive Trade Practices Act. Emphasis Federal Trade Commission Commission. Consideration Materials REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course First Semester Mr. Hillman Examination American Materials Emphasis Materials CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Messrs. Barack Ruder Securities Act Prerequisite Corporations. Cary Cases Materials Corporations Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation. ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr. Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporations. Materials SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr. Ruder Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisite Corporation Finance. Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation. BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr. Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporations Federal Corporate Income Taxation. Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs. Burditt &amp; Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Goodrich Cases Materials Food Drug Law Consult EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar Second Semester Mr. Freed Emphasis Students Classroom Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar First Semester Mr. Ruder Detailed Prerequisites Corporations Corporation Finance. Materials ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Second Semester Mr. Rahl Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law. Materials LABOR ARBITRATION Seminar Second Semester Mr. Goldberg Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Kirby Mr. Snyder Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Mr. Snyder Second Semester Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Volume Mr. Kirby FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Snyder Mr. Kirby Subchapter Prerequisite Federal Individual Income Tax. Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Income Tax Volume Mr. Kirby Materials Mr. Snyder TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs. Amato Gordon &amp; Nathanson Gunther Dowling Cases Material Constitutional Law ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr. Nathanson Mr. Rosenblum Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials. STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Messrs. Snyder &amp; Wiggins Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course Not { REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Second Semester Mr. Bennett Federal Communications Commission Attention CATV. Materials ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Second Semester Messrs. Gordon &amp; Nathanson Supreme Court So Supreme Court. Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr. Nathanson Intensive Consideration Materials TRANSPORTATION POLICY AND REGULATION Seminar First Semester Mr. Hillman SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr. MacChesney Bases Jaw Leech Oliver &amp; Sweeney International Legal System. CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr. MacChesney Second Semester Mr. Reese Enforcement Brief Cramton Currie Kay. Cases Conflict Laws ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr. MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy &amp; Sharpe Cases Admiralty INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr. Schwerin Studies Anglo American Jaw Continental Selected Materials LAW AND DEVELOPMENT AFRICA Seminar Second Semester Mr. Beckstrom African Westernization Jaw Both Western Anglo American Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr. Barack American American Materials THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar Not ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar First Semester Mr. Nekam Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Mr. Rubinowitz Consideration Materials ECONOMICS FOR LA WYERS Course Second Semester Mr. Schweinitz Throughout Materials United States Senator Dale Bumpers Ark. Law School. . 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Advance Deposit PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier Office Abbott Hall Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Although University Insured Tuition Payment Plan WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official Registrar School Law. Students Students Students Regardless Registrar Law School REBATES Information Northwestern Student Finance Office Abbott Hall. Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier Office Abbott Hall There Personal Cashier Office University ID FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Law School However Some APPLICATION PROCEDURE Law School Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service GAPSFAS GAPSFAS Application Financial Aid Academic Year GAPSFAS Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service Box Princeton New Jersey Law School. SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law School Northwestern George Quilici Scholarship Fund. About School Mrs. Virginia Quilici Judge George Quilici. Dean. Edwin Austin Scholarships. Edwin Austin Class Law School. Recipients Dean Advisory Committee Law School University John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Clarion De Witt Hardy Scholarships. Hardy Scholarship. Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen Coon Law School Class Owen Coon Foundation. School Mr. Coon Foundation Law School Hardy Scholarships Scholars Edwin Kitty Perkins Scholarship Fund. Edwin Perkins Foundation Dean Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. John Henry Wigmore Club John Ritchie Dean Law School Income Dean Law School. Shirley Tark Scholarship. Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean. Jerome Ettelson Scholarship Fund. Gifts Susan Jerome Ettelson Foundation Dean Mr. Ettelson Class Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. Susan Hoyne Ingraham School Law. Thomas Maclay Hoyne Class Law School. George Enfield Frazer Jr. Scholarship Grant. George Enfield Frazer Law School George Basta Scholarship Fund. Gifts Mrs. George Basta George Basta Class Dean. David Axelrod Scholarship Fund. Gifts David Axelrod Class Deserving Dean Francis Kosmerl Scholarships. Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. Northwestern University Mrs. Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. Mrs. Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts Dean Law School Floyd Thompson Scholarship. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Floyd Thompson Mrs. Goff Beach Jr. Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship. Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs. Edna Williams Virgil Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr. Dean Law School School. Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund. Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. School Ware Scholarship. Mrs. Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship. Frederic De Young LL.B. LL.D. Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs. Herbert University School Law Illinois. Illinois Governor Dan Walker Alumni Association. Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. Anna Louise Raymond Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright. Income Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund. From Elmer Smith Theodore Stone Scholarship. Theodore Stone Class Mrs. Stone. Commencing Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. Wellington Walker Chicago Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law. From Mrs. Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School. Class Scholarship. Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From Ernest Schroeter Class Thad Talcott Jr. Scholarship Fund. From Thad Talcott Class David Campbell Fund. From David Campbell Class Blumberg Book Fund. Nathan Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean. Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. Edna Folonie Law School. Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Scholarship. American Federation Television Radio Artists Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr. Class Mr. Strassburger Federation Naval Reserve. Federation Law School Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. Jewish Students Scholarship Fund Inc. Law School Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong Law School Class Income Hawaii Dean School. Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. Orville Taylor Alan Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students Alan Novogrod Class Income Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. Oswald Deller Adele Rabino Deller Class John Henry Wigmore. Income Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. Chicago Bar Foundation Northwestern Chicago Dean. LOANS Among Law School Charles Shapiro Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund Raoul Berger Law Loan Fund Mrs. N. Raymond Law School Fund Edward Summbers Law Loan Fund Law School Foundation Loan Funds. Barnet Hodes Class Arvey Hodes Mantynband Mr. Hodes Northwestern University Income Protection Student Loan Program University Federally Insured Student Loan Program. Further Office Admissions. State Guaranteed Loan Program Information Illinois Bar Foundation Specific Office Admissions. GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES Law School One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies. Experience English English. Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL.M. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Master Laws LL.M. Master Laws University Also School Students Graduate Committee During Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology. Doctor Juridical Science S.J.D. Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School. Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University Chicago GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States Fellowships Old Northwestern! Counsellor Chorus John Henry Wigman Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School School. PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Associate Dean Placement. Through Placement Service While Placement Service Jaw Law School Some Chicago United States. Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Through Northwestern Its Jaw United States Law School Law School Attractive Law School. Alumni Graduating Law School Placement Service United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago PLACEMENT STATISTICS Recent H.E.W. Federal School Law School School Further Placement Office Interviewers Number Number Law Firms Private Public Corporations Legal Banking Government Federal State Judicial Clerkships Federal State Academic Teaching Further Military Employed THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School They Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School. Moot Court American Bar Association Chicago OFFICERS Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Richard Trenkmann Esther Kegan Patrick Brien Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Jerome Ettelson Richard Trenkmann Esther Kegan Raymond Suekoff John Barry Harold Calkins Walter Davis Jr. Gene Maddox Laurence Oliphant Jr. Norman Sevin Richard Flynn James Henderson Jon Steffensen Edwin Wack Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson BOARD OF DIRECTORS William Brady John Crown Milton Fisher James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Marvin Aspen Edward Bradley Jr. Richard Kelly Charles Lawrence Robert Oxtoby Carol Thigpen Franklin Chanen Arlene Erlebacher Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Jeffrey Baddeley Patricia Brandin John Notz Jr. Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro ROSTER OF COLLEGES · AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Application Buildings Black Law Students Association Calendar Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined J.D. M.M. Program Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Defense Attorneys Short Course Degrees Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing J.D. M.M. J.D. Ph.D. Joint Law Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Social Sciences Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Publications Legal Library Library Funds Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program Arlyn Miner First Year Moot Court Program Julius Miner Moot Court Competition M.M. J.D. Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph.D. J.D. Placement Pre Prosecuting Attorneys Short Course Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Short Coures Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Assistance Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Three Transfer Tuition Visits School Voluntary Women Caucus Withdrawal WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Director Graduate Studies Admission J.D. Graduate Law Alumni Association Alumni Office Admissions Admission J.D. Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J.D. Combined J.D. M.M. Program Placement Service Placement Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Ph.D. Director Program Law Social Sciences Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Northwestern University Chicago Campus EAST CHESTNUT STREET NORTH Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall Philippians </text>
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                    <text>NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1974-75

THE SCHOOL OF LAW

��THE SCHOOL OF LAW
ACADEMIC YEAR 1974-75

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Chicago Campus

Chicago, Illinois

�The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a beautiful
setting on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the
Loop.

2

�CONTENTS
Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

The Course of Instruction .. ... . ....... .. ........... 13
Curriculum ... . . ... . .... . ............ .... . .. .. .. .. 21
Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Admission to the School ..... .. ... .. ....... . ........ 47
Tuition, Fees, and Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
The Law Alumni Association . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Roster of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Index ............................... .. .......... 68
Map of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover

Cover: Stained glass window in Levy Mayer Hall

of Northwestern University's School
of Law

3

��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no
occasion to study the law; when the law begins
to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth."
-David Dudley Field, at the
dedication of th e Law School,
September 21, 1859.

LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN
The first law school in its state and region
and one of the oldest in the nation,
Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich
heritage. For more than a century it has been
dedicated to the education of men and women
for all branches of endeavor in the law under
the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks
the character of the Law School today.
Long identified with progressive movements
in legal education, the Law School has always
sought to prepare students for the broad
challenge of the future. To this end, the
program of instruction is designed to foster an
understanding of the principles that guide
growth and change in the law.
Early in its history the Law School adopted
a policy of limited enrollment to promote
educational quality. Today Northwestern
remains a law school of medium size, small in
comparison with others of national standing,
with approximately 550 students seeking their
first degree in law. The substantial size of the
faculty gives the School one of the three or four
lowest student-faculty ratios found among the
leading law schools. This makes a close
working relationship between student and
teacher possible, thereby fostering professional
training of the highest order and providing an
opportunity for the development of each
student's unique capabilities.

THE SCHOOL
Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning
requires no elaborate apparatus. For the
serious student, however, a stimulating and
congenial environment contributes to the
educational process. Good professional
training requires more than a comprehensive
library and classrooms designed for effective
teaching. There must be places for reflection

and concentration and arrangements conducive
to informal interchange between student and
student and between student and teacher. The
atmosphere should imbue the student of Jaw
with an appreciation for the finest traditions
of the bar and for the professional heritage
the student will share.

LOCATION OF fflE CAMPUSES
The Law School is situated on the shore of
Lake Michigan near the business center of
Chicago. To the south, along the lake front,
lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins,
recreational facilities, museums of art, science,
and natural history, a planetarium, and an
aquarium. To the north extends the Gold
Coast, an area of residential apartments
separated from the lake by a continuous series
of parks, beaches, _golf courses, and boating
facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the
city's centers of art and entertainment. A
half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the
central business and shopping area\ of Chicago
and the legal and financial center of the region.
Here, convenient for student visits, are located
the offices of federal, state, and municipal
governments, including trial and appellate
courts of both the state and federal
governments, ranging from the local small
claims courts to the United States Court of
Appeals.
The Law School constitutes part of the
self-contained professional campus of
Northwestern University, where several large
buildings house the Medical School and the
Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne
Hall, containing an 800-seat auditorium and
housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance
Clinic; Abbott Hall, the 18-story student
residence for the men and women enrolled in
the professional schools; and hospitals which
5

�are members of the McGaw Medical Center
of Northwestern Univer~ity.
Living and studying on a self-sufficient
graduate campus, the law student remains free
from the distractions of undergraduate life.
The original campus of the University, where
the main body of about 6,500 full-time undergraduate students and 2,500 graduate students
is enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban
Evanston.
The Evanston campus, available and
accessible to Law School students for courses
and seminars, general library resources,
cultural activities, and athletic events, has
been the focus of the First Plan for the
Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range
program to maintain the University as a major
center of teaching, scholarship, and research.
The $12-million University Library, key
academic facility of the First Plan, opened in
1970. Other new facilities are the Norris
University Center:, Lindheimer Astronomical
Research Center, 0 . T. Hogan Biological
Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building ( the
communicative disorders center), Nathaniel
Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of
Management's new headquarters on the
Evanston campus), School of Education
Building, Rebecca Crown Center ( the
University's administration building), and
new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall and Foyer-Gallery, part
of a planned Fine and Performing Arts
Complex, is scheduled for completion in 1975.
The University recently announced a new
$177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward
the Eighties." The major thrust of the
campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for
current and future educational operations;
some $49 million is being sought for a
building program.

LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS
The Law School itself consists of a complex
of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle
occupying the block between Chicago Avenue
and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive.
The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and
the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in
1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the
Owen L. Coon Library were completed in
1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a
handsome garden which is frequently used for
open-air discussions and study.
In interior design and ornament, the
buildings of the School are rich in the lore of
6

Dean James A. Rahl is the initial holder of the
Owen L. Coon Chair in Law established in
1974. The professorship bears the name of
the late Owen L. Coon (Law '19), a former
trustee and lifelong friend of the University.

�the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings,
etchings, and photographs, collected by the late
Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States,
England, and elsewhere, are hung about the
School to illustrate the people and events of
the law throughout history and throughout the
world.

CLASSROOMS
The Law School contains seven major
classrooms. These generous facilities make it
possible to schedule a number of classes at the
same time. Most classes, including all those in
the first year, are divided into sections. As a
consequence, the number of students attending
a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often
much smaller. Such classes, small by general
law school standards, encourage responsible
participation by each student in the probing,
analytical discussion that is the mark of legal
education at Northwestern. The design of
Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms,
was suggested by that of the British House of
Commons.
In addition to the major classrooms, the
School has four seminar rooms scaled and
furnished to provide comfortable and congenial
surroundings for smaller study groups. The
seminars of the second and third years meet
here, numbering typically from 10 to 15
students seated informally around a table with
one or more faculty members for a detailed
analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers
of legal development. In such study, the
student necessarily bears a large measure of
responsibility for giving direction and substance
to the discussion.
For instruction in trial and appellate
practice, the School has a fully-equipped,
modern courtroom. Complete with witness
stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for
spectators, it accommodates actual criminal
and civil trials conducted occasionally by
courts sitting in Illinois and is used for the
teaching of trial practice.
LIBRARY
The indispensable instruments of the
lawyer's calling are books, and a
comprehensive and well-arranged library is
essential to effective training for the
profession. The library with its associated
research facilities is the heart of the Law
School.

The Northwestern Law School Library
consists of two buildings integrated physically
and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary
Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In
combination, the library occupies a full side of
the Law School quadrangle extending from
Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and
includes four floors of working area. The
Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original
Law School buildings, is named for the donor
of the building who also established the Gary
Fund, which provided for the acquisition of
substantial parts of the original collection and
also provides in part for the current purchase
of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in
1960, is named in recognition of a substantial
gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation.
With its collection of more than 318,000
volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest
law libraries in the Western Hemisphere. Even
more important than size, however, is the
utility of the collection. The main reading
room of the library occupies the highest floor
of the building and is divided by shelved
partitions into dozens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working
tables and chairs to provide convenient
accommodations close by the books. The
arrangement is repeated on the lower floors,
with the addition of a number of individual

�carrels for sustained and concentrated research.
Included on a lower level are glass-walled
typing areas with individual soundproof carrels
open to any student for typing a research paper
or reorganizing his or her course notes.
The library is operated with an open-stack
policy to bring readers and books together
without unnecessary formalities. The student is
free to browse and to search at will through the
collection, and may call upon the expert fulltime staff of 21 if in need of guidance, aid,
or suggestions. The library is open daily
throughout the year and in the evenings as
well, whenever the School is in session. To
provide for the heavy demands of faculty
research, a separate working collection is
maintained in the Faculty Library.
The course of instruction has been designed
not only to provide basic instruction in the use
of legal materials but also to encourage full use
of the library's large resources and to afford
every student extensive opportunity for
independent scholarly research.
The Law School Library's Anglo-American
collection includes almost all the reported
decisions of the courts of the United States, its
separate states and territories, Great Britain
and the Commonwealth, together with their
statutes and session laws and subsidiary
publications- digests, encyclopedias, annotated
cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working
collection for every legal system in the English
language. A well-selected, comprehensive
collection of United States government
documents is maintained for the teaching
program and for the use of the legal profession
in general. A complete collection of documents
is available at the University Library on the
Evanston campus, which is a designated
government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a
selection of works in the fields of history,
economics, and government and includes a
special collection on law and the social
sciences. The library also receives every
current legal periodical of general interest
printed in the English language.
About one-third of the total collection
is made up of works in the fields of foreign
and international law. The comprehensive
materials in foreign law include the codes,
treatises, decisions, and journals of all major
European countries and Japan and good
working collections in Latin-American law.
At an early date the library began to build a

�complete collection in the law of nations,
going beyond the domestic laws of the separate
countries to emphasize the rules of law
controlling their relations with each other. This
large collection includes the documents of the
international organizations, the international
courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic
documents, treatises, and monographs and
periodicals from all parts of the world. The
collection permits original and useful work to
be carried on in the field of public and private
international law.
Holdings in other specialized fields include a
comprehensive collection of treatises,
periodicals, and documents in criminal law and
its administration, and a special collection of
materials in aeronautics, including aviation law,
commerce, and other works in the field,
exclusive of technical engineering publications.
In addition, the library includes outstanding
collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal
history, comparative law, and valuable
resources in Roman law. Especially notable are
the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments
dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises
more than 500 original manuscript
instruments executed in connection with landed
estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of
Early European Law, established in 1949 by
Joseph L Shaw (LLB., 1903).
The Law School Library is independent in
administration and organization, but its
comprehensive resources are supplemented in
specialized areas through inter-library loans
and other cooperative arrangements with the
general University Library, departmental
libraries, and the major public, educational,
and legal collections in the region.
A special feature of the library is its
distinguished rare book collection, housed in
the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room
adjoining the main reading room. These early
volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been
acquired through the years and represent a
variety of fields. Many are first editions of the
classics of the law, including a number of
manuscripts and incunabula (books printed
before 1500). A number are either unique or
the only copies in the Western Hemisphere.
The value of these books is not primarily
antiquarian, however. They have been
gathered and selected because they are
indispensable for effective legal research in
areas that may be vital both to scholars and
to practitioners.
Provision has also been made for the use of

the materials of legal research of the future. A
section of the library is fully fitted with the
basic equipment for use of microfilm and
microcards, designed to replace conventional
books and to ameliorate their problems of bulk
and deterioration.
As a practitioner of a learned profession, the
lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage
a wide-ranging interest among the students, a
section of the main reading room has been set
aside for casual reading in fields of current or
general significance. Comfortably furnished,
the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current
periodicals and a broad selection of
biographical and miscellaneous works.

LIBRARY FUNDS
In addition to a general University
appropriation, the Law School Library is
supported by a number of special endowments.
The largest endowment funds for the Library
are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in
1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LLB., 1867) , then
Chairman of the United States Steel
Corporation, and the Norris E. Crull
Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in
memory of Norris E. Crull (LLB., 1909) .
In 1947, under the auspices of the Law
Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore
Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LLB.,
1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes
Fund for the creation and maintenance of a
collection on local government. In 1967,
Joseph Rosenberg (LLB., 1910) and Mrs.
Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M.
Friend Memorial Fund. The Philip A. Shapiro
Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in
memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D .,
1932) of the Circuit Court of Cook County,
and Walter H. Moses established the Adolph
Moses Endowment Fund.
For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D.,
1931) annually has provided funds to enrich
the collection in fields such as biography,
history, political science, and literature for the
Cutler Browsing Alcove.
In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made
a substantial grant for the establishment of a
collection on urban affairs.
Two gifts to the Law School in 1970
provided for the purchase of books for the
library. A substantial bequest of Louis
Manierre established the George Manierre
Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams
increased the library's endowment fund.
9

�In 1971, the library received a substantial
bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar
Wigmore, in memory of the late Professor
Robert Wyness Millar. The income from this
fund is to be used for the purchase of books.
The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided
an endowment in 1972 for the purchase of
books, materials, and equipment, known as the
Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Library Fund.

OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES
Although hours in the classroom and the
library predominate both for students and for
faculty, there must be provision for the
informal give-and-take discussion in which
student lawyers hone their skills in analysis and
expression, and for moments of relaxation.
Lowden Hall, named for the first of several
of the School's alumni to serve as governor of
Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is
rich with reminders of the history of law and
the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are
available to students and faculty during the
morning hours. On the lower level are lockers,
food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms
equipped with tables for a coffee break or light
luncheon.
Separate offices are provided for student
activities, including the Junior Bar Association,
the Northwestern University Law Review, the
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, the
Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and
the JBA Bookstore.
Faculty offices which open directly onto
rnain corridors for access without formalities
or intermediaries foster frequent and fruitful
informal meetings between student and teacher.

students give one another have an impact that
is directly evident in the classroom.
The ancient ancestors of modern law
schools, the English Inns of Court, depended
solely upon the influences of students' living,
eating, and arguing informally together to
produce lawyers of professional qualification.
For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the
Law School becomes the center of everyday
life. The library and the classrooms are
accessible, the distractions of commuting are
avoided, and the student can concentrate
time and attention on preparing for the practice
of law.
For these reasons, all law students, except
married students and those whose homes are
within easy commuting distance of the School,
are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is
designed to provide convenient living quarters
and to provide an atmosphere for development
of personal qualities which are so essential to
a lawyer, but which for the most part fall
outside the sphere of formal training.

STUDENT RESIDENCE

The building, 18 stories high, overlooks
Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from
Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of
Indiana limestone and conforms in
architectural style to the classroom buildings on
the campus. The first two floors and the
basement contain common rooms for social
and recreational purposes; the upper 16
have private accommodations, with a lounge on
each of the upper floors. The first floor
contains general offices and a series of shops.
On the second floor are a large student lounge
and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball,
squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and
table tennis are available in the basement.

Living and working together, law students
gain advantages that are significant if not
readily apparent. Casual conversation and
earnest discussion contribute to the
development of the prospective lawyer's powers
and personality. The stimulation and discipline

Floors are reserved for the students of the
School of Law. Rooms are equipped
with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring
mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs,
draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not
furnished. Each room has a double closet.

Plan of a typical residential floor
in Abbott Hall

18

17

10

�(Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the
basement.)
The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall
is reasonable and is below the rates charged
for other desirable accommodations in the
same part of the city. For the academic year
1974-75, the room rates range from $436-$610
per person per room. Before a room is
occupied, a contract for the academic year is
signed by the applicant.
Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner
cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining
rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and
cold foods are also available in the vending
canteen on the second floor. Students may pay
cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign
board contracts. Students who choose the
contract plan get 17 meals per week and have
the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals.
The cost of a school year board contract is
$725.
The Division of Student Finance issues and
makes all adjustments on the residence bills
for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for
payments on October 1, January 1, and April
1. Bills are due upon presentation and are
payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall.
Applications, together with a $50 room
deposit, should be filed as early as possible.
For room application, address the Manager,
Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Abbott Hall also has a limited number of
furnished apartments for married students.
Two types of married student housing are
available: efficiency (one room) apartments
ranging from $135-150 per month, including
utilities; and one-bedroom apartments ranging
from $165-$210 per month, including utilities.
Rental apartments also are available in private
buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or
within easy commuting distance.

STUDENT HEALTH
Entering students are required to present
records of recent physical examination.
The Student Health Service for all students
in schools on the Chicago campus is located
in the Montgomery Ward Building, Room
2-009, of the Medical School. Available
medical services and limited hospital and
surgical coverage are described in the Student
Health Bulletin which each student receives
upon initial registration. Supplemental hospital
insurance and surgical coverage, necessary to
provide more complete coverage of hospital

costs of students and their dependents, is
available at nominal rates.
The clinic is open daily, except Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays, from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Physicians' hours are posted on the Student
Health Service bulletin board. In an
emergency, a student may report to the nurse
in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic
hours. Acute illness occurring outside those
hours should be reported to the Emergency
Room at Passavant Pavillion of Northwestern
Memorial Hospital.
Students are liable for the payment of
medical expenses incurred in the hospital
emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient
departments on unauthorized visits. An
unauthorized visit is one which has not had
the prior approval of the Health Service
excepting, of course, when circumstances of
time or physical condition make this
impracticable. Students are also liable for the
full payment of other medical expenses incurred
without prior approval of the Director of
Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond
those provided by the Health Service are
advised as indicated, but are the financial
responsibility of the students.

��"[Here the] teaching will . .. give men what
they want to know when they go out to fight,
but . .. it will send them forth with a pennon as
well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in
the long battle the little flutter that means ideals,
honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details."
-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes,
at the dedication of earlier Law
School buildings, October 20,
1902.

THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION
The purpose of the Law School is to prepare
its graduates for effective service in all fields of
law- to qualify men and women not only for
the private practice of the profession but also
for careers in government service, in commerce
and finance, and in legal education. The
curriculum does not concentrate upon
imparting knowledge of the legal rules
applicable in any one jurisdiction or region.
Rather, it concentrates upon the development
of the fundamental capacities and skills of the
lawyer.
Human activity is infinitely varied and ever
changing. Law, bringing order and direction
to the relations of men, involves a continuous
process of growth and adjustment. Every legal
problem that comes to the lawyer is, in a
sense, unique. Effective professional education
must, therefore, prepare the student to deal
with situations never before encountered, to
direct the resources of the law to new fields
of human endeavor, and to handle not the
problems of the past but the cases of
the future.

INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE
Reflecting this objective, the program of
instruction in the Law School differs markedly
from usual undergraduate instruction. It
requires, of course, diligence and effort for a
mastery of the formal materials of the course.
Beyond this foundation, the instruction
demands of the individual student the thought
and initiative needed to extend his learning
beyond the limits of the materials and to
stretch his powers of apalysis. As the lawyer
must deal with new situations throughout his
professional life, so the student lawyer is taught
to transcend rote learning and to find his or her

way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an
intellectual challenge that is both rewarding
and stimulating. The individual student is
spurred to go as far as mind and industry
will carry.

CLASSES
The law student typically attends classes for
15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings
are scheduled throughout the morning and
afternoon Monday through Friday with time
for study between classes. There are occasional
special class meetings on Saturday, although
generally that day is available for uninterrupted
individual study and research. Two or three
times as many hours as are spent in class are
devoted to individual study. Time spent in
co-curricular activities and independent
research must be added to the requirements
of course work. The study of law, therefore,
is a full-time occupation.
In a typical Law School term, the student's
class attendance is distributed among four or
five courses. Some of the subjects represent
ancient categories of the law. Course titles
such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and
Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of
Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed
since those early days in the law, and even
these traditional subjects have altered
substantially in content. Today in Torts, the
focus is on such disparate objects as the
automobile and the atom and upon the legal
problem each presents to an energized society.
Property law today concerns itself not only
with ancient learning but also with topics such
as urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law
more and more is concerned with psychiatry,
with modern correctional theories, and with
13

�private practice, in responsible government
posts, or both. Many are called upon for
consultation and advice by government
agencies and private groups and are active in
the organizations and affairs of the legal
profession and the community. Their scholarly
activities include the delivery of lectures and
addresses before legal and public bodies and
the preparation of learned treatises and articles.
Such activities serve to complement and to
enrich the instruction. The casebooks and
other teaching materials for a majority of the
courses offered in the School were prepared by
the faculty members who teach those courses,
and many are widely used, standard works in
their respective fields.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
In recognition of the lawyer's function of

protection of the fundamental rights of the
accused. The law of Contracts today finds
itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject
matter of tomorrow- plastics, missiles, the
building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of
research and development skills.
The changing character of law is reflected in
the content of traditional courses, altered to
keep pace with a changing society. It is
reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced
by the Law School into the law curriculum to
deal with emerging areas of legal service. The
lawyer is a full-time student for only one period
in his or her professional life. Within the limits
of the possible, education in that brief span
must be for the responsibilities of the legal
profession, not just for the day, but for the half
century of lawyer's work that lies ahead.
Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law
were introduced into the basic program of the
Law School during the formative years of those
subjects, anticipating the current recognition of
their significance. Courses and seminars in
International Law, Scientific Evidence,
Consumer Protection, Comparative Law, and
Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings
designed to meet the needs of the profession
in the years to come.

FACULTY
The basic instruction in the Law School
program is conducted by the full-time resident
faculty, who make teaching their first
responsibility. Each member is experienced in
14

articulating the conflicting interests of society,
instruction in modern law schools is conducted
principally through participation by the class.
No longer does the student lawyer listen
passively in a lecture audience. To maximize
the opportunity for active participation
afforded each student, Northwestern Law
School has adopted a curricular policy
emphasizing instruction through relatively
small classes and seminars. First-year courses
enrolling 175 students or more have no place
in the Law School program. The entering
student will find himself attending classes with
a group of approximately half that size.
Seminars are limited in enrollment and
commonly range in size from 10 to 15
students. Advanced individual work is
conducted under the personal supervision of
one or more members of the faculty.
Instruction of this kind requires a low
student-faculty ratio. The program of the
School is based upon the conviction that this
concentration of educational resources upon
the individual student is the most effective way
to develop the skills that distinguish the legal
profession.

The Case Method
The case method of teaching, employed
principally in the formal courses, particularly
those offered in the first year, is founded upon
the premise that the first objective of law
training is to develop an understanding on the
part of the student of how and why the courts
decide cases as they do. The method was
adopted at the Law School in the earliest years

�of its development. The materials of study are
the actual decisions of courts, embodied in
written opinions rendered in real and disputed
cases, rather than a textbook compendium of
legal rules. The cases themselves are the
specimens of legal controversy to be examined
and dissected. The student is brought to the
level of a participant in the proceeding,
analyzing each stage in the course of litigation
and each step in the process of decision.
Through painstaking scrutiny of a large
number of cases, the student shares vicariously
the experiences of the lawyers and judges who
conducted them and thereby gains an
understanding of the judicial process based on
first-hand observation of the law in action.
Although the case method varies in its use
with the approach of the professor, the
teaching styles grouped under this heading have
certain characteristic elements in common.
Under the case system it is essential that
students prepare thoroughly and intensively
before class. The course materials for this
preparation consist of a casebook, a collection
of actual decisions in related kinds of
controversy. The student at Northwestern will
find that the authors of many of his casebooks
are his own professors, authorities in their
respective fields. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture
but rather a discussion of several of these cases,
conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue
between the teacher and students. Questions
are designed to test the student's understanding
of the case, to identify the considerations that
controlled the decision, and to probe its
implications for similar situations and its
relation to other decisions.
Although the professor may upon occasion
depart from the interrogating role to explain
the background of a legal problem or to give
direction to the class discussion, the essence of
the case method is the collective probing and
searching in which the student's own powers of
reason and analysis are tempered and
developed. The system is in fact designed to
revert to the student, after he or she has
digested and evaluated the wide range of ideas
developed in group discussion, the task of
developing an understanding, first, of what
courts and administrative agencies do and why
they do it and, second, of how to participate
effectively in the process. From the outset of
a law school career the student is thus led to
do what one has to do throughout professional

life-think, analyze, and decide on one's own
initiative.

The Problem Method
The problem method, an instructional
technique originated at the Law School and
now widely employed throughout legal
education, is used in many second and
third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not
upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as
such. The focus of the student's work and of
the class session is rather a set of facts raising
legal problems for which there may indeed be
no authoritative solution. The student's task is
to take the available materials in the form of
decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings
and to construct or create his own solution to
the problem.
Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where
the businessman asks for advice on a proposed
transaction. Perhaps the transaction has
already taken place, and the problem concerns
the consequences to be attached to the
transaction by the federal or state government
by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the
problems are much like those which come to
the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the
problems are frequently drawn from life.
Consultative practice by some members of the
faculty and the generally close relationship
between the School and the practicing
profession combine to provide the student in a
problem-method course with an experience that
closely approximates the practice of law.
Characteristically, in a course taught by this
method, the student submits before the class
session a short memorandum solution to the
problem, based on his or her analysis of
relevant source material. In the class session,
the student or a classmate is invited to explain
the legal issues presented by the problem
situation and the views he or she takes of those
issues. Discussion, often vigorous, follows.

Clinical Training and Practice Courses
Clinical training and practice courses
preserve in the Law School the advantages
which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an
earlier day when there were no law schools,
and the lawyer trained for the bar by working
in the office of an established lawyer, observing
the practice of law, and learning through trial
and error the arts and skills of the profession.
15

�In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal
education the idea of giving law students actual
experience in practice through the medium of
assisting in the provision of legal services to the
poor. This idea has been a part of the
curriculum since that time and is now
developed in clinical programs and courses
supervi~ed by the faculty. In the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne
Hall, next door to the Law School, students
working under faculty supervision gain
practical experience in consulting with clients,
interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings
and other documents in a wide variety of cases,
both civil and criminal. Students also assist
the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for
and conduct of trials and, under the rules of
the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on
behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar
in many respects to that provided during the
internship period in medical education.
During the first year, all students are
instructed in the techniques of oral and written
argument in the course in Moot Court.
Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is
required to prepare a written brief in
compliance with prevailing professional
standards and to argue the case, opposed by
a fellow student, under courtroom conditions,
before an appellate court composed of alumni
and faculty members. This instruction is
continued on a voluntary basis in the second
year in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition.
In the third year, the student is offered a
choice of practice courses in the trial of a
lawsuit from its beginning to its end. The
instruction provides the student with actual
experience in pre-trial preparation, examining
witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to
a jury. The student thus learns by doing, not
merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must
be able to do in court.
Much of tht! lawyer's practice is carried on
in the office, not in the courtroom. To prepare
its graduates for the work of counseling,
advising, and planning, the Law School offers
several courses in which the student is called
upon to solve client problems and draw the
legal instruments and documents which the
practicing attorney must be able to prepare.

Seminars
Seminars are offered in the second and third
years in a variety of fields. Here the student is
16

free to select subjects of special interest
and to explore new areas of the law. In a
group commonly numbering from 10 to 15,
with the guidance of a senior faculty member,
the student engages in intensive individual
work on some aspect of the general subject
embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut
across traditional disciplinary boundaries and
include materials and participants from such
fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and
political science. Often the seminar student
writes a major paper and presents this product
of his own research arid analysis for the critical
consideration of the seminar group.

Legal Writing Skills
Every student is offered the opportunity
during his or her Law School career to develop
writing skills. In the first year, each student is
required to take a course which provides
supervised experience in written communication
with particular reference to the field of law.
In the second and third years, further
experience is gained in supervised writing.
Before graduation each student completes one
or more of the following:
• Editorial work meeting established standards
on the Northwestern University Law Review
or the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology.
• Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court Competition
as a member of a Law School team during
the third year.
• Participation in the Senior Research
Program.
• Enrollment in a seminar which requires
presentation of preliminary and revised
drafts which receive careful editorial
criticism prior to submission of the final
draft of the paper.
Senior Research Program
The Senior Research Program in the third
year is an innovation in legal education
introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a
student, with faculty approval, may eiect to
devote as many as 12 credit-hours- almost
half of the third year- to advanced research
under the personal supervision of one or more
members of the faculty. During the second
year a student interested in this program may
choose a research subject with the assistance
and approval of a faculty member who is
interested in the same field and who will serve

�as the student's supervisor. Because of the
flexibility of the curriculum, the student may
arrange a schedule to include Law School
courses and seminars which provide necessary
background for the proposed work. In the
third year the student meets at least weekly
with the faculty supervisor to discuss the
progress of the research. The final paper or
report must be approved by a faculty
committee.
The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist"
of the student, but rather to afford the
intellectual experience of exploring a subject to
its depths; of sharpening one's powers of
analysis, observation, and communication; and
of making a genuine contribution to research.
Depending upon the nature of the subject,
projects may require research in the law
library and may also draw upon other
resources, including other libraries in the
University and the community; other
departments of the University, where course or
seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry
may be taken; or the community itself, where
field research may be undertaken. The
program also permits, with careful advance
planning and approval, work in other parts of
the nation or the world. For example, different faculty-student teams have engaged in

research for periods of six months in several
African nations as a part of the Senior
Research Program.
Faculty participants in the program carry
a classroom teaching load which is lighter than
normal so that they may devote more time to
the research, discussion, and critique necessary
to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of
traditional individual study projects or seminar
work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the
program grows into joint, cooperative
student-teacher research approaches, more
significant-not only in substance but also in
working relationship-than anything heretofore
possible in a law school setting. A number of
joint books and articles have been published as
a result.
The challenges and rewards promised by the
Senior Research Program are many. As a
supplement to older techniques, the individual
learning and teaching offered by the program
provide significant further enrichment for
students willing and able to meet its demands
for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work.
The program is expected to serve, too, the
School's established goal of making increased
contributions on the frontiers of the law.
Most significant of all, perhaps, are the
opportunities for student and teacher to work
together in concrete ways toward the common
end of advancing the highest traditions of the
law as a learned profession and as a servant
of society.

THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM
In the last century, Northwestern, setting the
norm in legal education, was among the first of
the nation's law schools to require three years
of study for a degree in law. Beginning
students enter the Law School in September
and attend the two semesters of the regular
academic year for three years.
During the first year of law study, the
student follows a course designed to provide
an understanding of basic legal principles and
concepts and to give a solid grounding in the
fundamentals indispensable for all branches of
the profession. Here the student encounters the
grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort,
and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law
and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court
meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in
which the lawyer's basic tools and the firstyear student's individual problems in dealing
with them are under careful scrutiny.
17

�Each entering student is assigned a
faculty member as adviser. This advisory
relationship is available in the first year to ease
the adjustment to the demands of law study.
Thereafter, the adviser becomes guide and
mentor as the student plans the work of his
or her last two years.
The wide range of electives offered by the
Law School in the second and third years
enables students who so wish to attain a degree
of concentration. Moreover, seminars often
provide opportunities for further exploration
of a field in a new context. For example,
questions of criminal procedure may be treated
in a paper written for the Civil Liberties
seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional
Law may be studied in a seminar on
Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps
most significant, however, is the opportunity to
sample a wide variety of problems in the law
and to foster new interests thus discovered.

For those courses which have two sections, the
School's policy of scheduling the sections at
different times and often in different semesters
is intended to permit the student to select
virtually any combination of elective courses
he wishes in his last two years.

JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW
AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Northwestern University has pioneered in
research integrating the study of law and the
social sciences. The joint degree allows
students to earn the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one
of the social sciences in five years, including
four years of courses and a dissertation year.
The primary objective of this program is to
produce scholars who have the skills necessary
to do basic and applied research on legal
systems. To do such research successfully, it is
essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as
a professional, both in law and in social
science. The graduates of this program qualify
for admission to the bar and are competent
to practice law. They are also fully trained
in both the theory and methods of social
science and experienced in field research on
legal systems.
The program admits up to five students per
year.
Applicants interested in this program may
write for further information to Mrs. Mae
Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences,
Northwestern University, 357 E. Chicago Ave.,
Chicago, Ill. 60611.

THE COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM
A student may earn the Master of
Management (M.M.) and the Juris Doctor
(J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if
he or she enrolls in both the Graduate School
of Management and the School of Law as a
participant in the combined degree program.
If earned independently, these degrees would
require a total of five years of study. Under
the combined degree program, the J.D. degree
may be earned by taking a minimum of 75
semester-hours in the School of Law, an
additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward
this degree being given for work completed in
the Graduate School of Management.
Similarly, the M.M. may be earned by taking
18 course units of work, additional credit for
6 course units being given for work completed
in the School of Law. Joint credit is given,
however, only to those enrolled in the program.

�The precise order in which work is taken
may be determined individually. A typical
program might be a full year of study in one
school and a full year of study in the other,
followed by combined study in both law and
management during the third and fourth years.
Every participant, however, must complete one
academic year of study exclusively in each
school before enrolling for a program of
courses in both schools.
An applicant to the combined degree
program should apply separately to each of the
schools, following procedures prescribed by
each school. To qualify for the combined
program, an applicant must be admitted to both
schools. After admission, the applicant must
signify which school he wishes to attend first.
A student already enrolled in one school may
apply for the combined program by seeking
admission to the other school during his or her
first year of study in either the School of
Management or the School of Law.
A student in the combined program may be
considered for financial assistance separately by
each school for the first year he or she is
enrolled in that school and by both schools
when taking courses in both schools.

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
Programs for the second and third years
must have the written approval of the student's
assigned faculty adviser. In their second year,
students may register for no more than one
seminar in any semester. In any semester
third-year students may register for no more
than two seminars requiring the writing of
substantial papers.
Regular attendance is required in all courses.
No student should enroll in any course without
the intention and capability of satisfying this
requirement. Failure to attend regularly may
cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for
courses, additional remedial work, denial of
residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions
at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean.

EXAMINATIONS
Regular examinations are given in all formal
courses. In accordance with the prevailing
practice in legal education, a single final
examination is usually given, without periodic
or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive
treatment of the subject matter and to measure
the student's capacity to work with and master
a substantial body of material. Although

examinations provide the most important
source for determining the student's relative
achievement, consideration may also be given
to the written work done in connection with a
course and to the preparation of assignments
for recitation as reflected in classroom
discussion. In seminars, examinations are not
ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the
products of individual research and
participation in the seminar discussions.
With the permission of the Dean, students
who are eligible but who for good reason are
unable to take an examination may take the
next regularly scheduled examination in the
course, take the examination late, or, in unusual
cases, be given a special examination.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
To be recommended for the degree of Juris
Doctor, a student must complete and earn
credit in the 15 semester-hours of the first
semester; the remaining 12 semester-hours of
required first-year courses; and at least 63
semester hours of elective work; in not less
than six or more than seven semesters in
residence. After the first semester, in order to
remain in good standing, the student must earn
satisfactory grades (Honors, Satisfactory, or
Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed. For graduation purposes,
satisfactory grades must be earned in two-thirds
of the credit hours completed after the first
semester, but hours of unsatisfactory but
passing credit (graded Pass) may be offset by
hours of Honors. In addition, before
graduation, the student must complete at least
one of the following:
• A Senior Research project.
• Participation according to established
standards in the work of the Law Review
or the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology.
• Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court
Competition as a member of a Law
School team during the third year.
• Participation in a seminar in which the
student submits preliminary and revised
drafts for criticism by the instructor prior
to submission of the final paper.
Although the faculty may change the
requirements for graduation at any time, this
responsibility is not exercised so as to place an
undue burden upon an enrolled student who
19

�has planned his program on the basis of
previously announced requirements.
In addition to these course requirements,
instructors may establish one or more
prerequisites for enrollment in particular
courses and seminars in the second and third
years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites
may be courses taken previously or to be taken
concurrently.

DEGREES
Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of
the University upon students who are
recommended by the faculty of the School of
Law. Before a student is recommended for a
degree, he or she must have satisfied the
faculty as to character, and the student must
have complied with the requirements for the
degree for which he or she is a candidate.
The first degree in law awarded by the
University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is
conferred upon students who have satisfactorily
completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours
of credit in the School of Law, including the
required courses described under Graduation
Requirements above. The work must be
pursued during a residence period of three
academic years or the equivalent. The last
year must be in residence at Northwestern
University School of Law, and in the case of
students transferring from another law school,
a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit
must be earned at Northwestern.
When the faculty believes that the
candidate's record of scholarship merits special
recognition, the degree may be awarded cum
/aude, magna cum laude, or summa cum laude.
Degrees conferred upon students who have
already obtained their first degrees in law are
described in the information concerning
Graduate Study in Law.

COURSE LOAD
Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term,
in the opinion of the faculty, represent the
maximum amount of work which a good
student can do effectively under favorable
conditions. On the other hand, each student is
expected to register for not less than 14
credit-hours of work each term.

LIMITED ENROLLMENT
The seminars, the courses in Trial Practice
and the work in the Northwestern Legal
Assistance Clinic are limited in enrollment. The
20

School cannot assure that all students wishing
to enroll in a particular seminar, Trial Practice
course, or Clinic program can be
accommodated.

COURSE NUMBERING
Each Law School curricular offering is
assigned a seven- or eight-digit number as
follows:
01 - 320 - 74 Evidence
01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I
(The Law School code within the University is
13; it is used to precede course numbers only
where necessary to distinguish Law School
courses from offerings of other schools of the
University.)
The first two digits identify broad fields
of study, as follows:
01 Procedure and Practice
02 Criminal Law
03 Torts
04 Contracts and Contract Consequences
05 Property
06 Family Structure and Arrangements
07 Business Structure and Regulation
08 Taxation
09 Governmental Structure and
Function
10 Admiralty, International Law, and
Foreign Law
11 Social Issues
12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and
Legal History
The next three ( or four) digits identify the
particular course. The first of these three
digits also identifies level and place in the
curriculum, as follows:
100 Required first-year course
200 Elective course open to first-year
students
300 Upperclass elective course without
prerequisites
400 Upperclass elective course with
prerequisite(s)
500 Seminar without prerequisites
600 Seminar with prerequisite(s)
700 Clinical course
800 Senior Research
900 (reserved)
Where a course is a part of a subject
sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II,
the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the
course's placement within the sequence.
The final two digits identify the section and
instructor.

�CURRICULUM
FffiST-YEAR COURSES

Required
Courses

Elective
Course**

Course
Number
04-110-1

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Contracts I

02-110

Criminal Law

3

01-110
05-110
03-110-1

Moot Court
Property
Torts I

*
4
3

Total first-year hours

Credit
Hours
4

14

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Course
Number
Name
04-110-2 Contracts Il
09-110
Constitutional Law
01-120
01-110

Legal Profession
Moot Court

03-110-2 Torts II
Criminal Procedure**
02-210
or
10-210
International Law**
or
11-210
Law and Social Change**

Credit
Hours
2
4

3
3

3
16

•work of Moot Court continues th rou gho ut the academic ye ar, but grade and credit are entered only at conclusion of
second semester .
.. One of the three electives open to first -year students is to he chosen.

William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture.

21

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS
(Listed alphabetically within categories)

Elective
Courses
Offered in
1973-74

Course
Number
07-330
09-310
07-420

07-340

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Accounting
Administrative Law
Advanced Business Associations-Partnerships
Antitrust Law

Credit
Hours
1
3

01-310-1 Civil Procedure I
01-711-14 Clinical Practice
01-710
Clinical Practice
Orientation
01-340
Clinical Trial Advocacy
04-310
Commercial Paper
10-310
Conflict of Laws
07-310
Corporations
06-320-1

05-330
04-340
01-320
08-410

Environmental Law
Equity, Restitution
and Damages
Evidence

01 -330

Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax
Federal Jurisdiction

07-350

Labor Law

05-320

Public and Private Control
of Land Use
Regulated Industries
Secured Transactions
State and Local
Government
Trademarks, Trade Identity,
and Unfair Trade
Practices
Trial Practice I

08-330
08-310

07-370
04-320
09-320
07-360
01-420-1

22

Decedents' Estates
and Trusts I

2
4
4
4
1
2
3
3
3

3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2

4

3
2
3
2
2
1

Course
Number
10-320

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Name
Admiralty

Credit
Hours
3

09-310
Administrative Law
07-340
Antitrust Law
07-440
Business Planning
01-310-2 Civil Procedure II

3
4
2
2

01-721-24 Clinical Practice

4

01-340
04-310
10-310
07-410
02-210
04-350
06-320-2

3
3
3
3
3

11-220
04-340
01-320
06-310
08-410
08-330
08-310

01-330
04-330
05-340
10-210

Clinical Trial Advocacy
Commercial Paper
Conflict of Laws
Corporation Finance
Criminal Procedure
Debtor-Creditor Relations
Decedents' Estates
and Trusts II
Economics for Lawyers
Equity, Restitution
and Damages
Evidence
Family Law
Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax
Federal Jurisdiction
Insurance Law
Intellectual Property
International Law

3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3

11-330
11-210
05-310

The Law and Racism
Law and Social Change
Real Estate Acquisition
and Disposition

3

02-310

Scientific Evidence

1

07-430

Securities Regulations

2

01-420-2 Trial Practice II
01-421
Trial Practice I &amp; II
11-320
Welfare Litigation
11-340
Women and the Law

1

2
3

2
2

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont'd

Elective
Seminars
Offered in
1973-74

Course
Number
09-520

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Civil Liberties

01-610
01-510

Class Actions
Computers and the Law

2
2

07-610
11-510

02-530
02-520

Criminal Evidence
Criminal LawCurrent Problems
Economic Development,
Political Modernization
and the Law
Estate Planning
Federal Criminal Trial
Practice

2

02-540
02-530

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Credit
Name
Hours
Advanced Problems in
Constitutional Law
2
Antitrust Law and Policy
2
Consumer Protection, Credit
Sales and Poverty
2
Criminal Appellate Advocacy 2
Criminal Evidence
2

11 -580

Empirical Research

2

07-520
06-610
02-710

Employment Discrimination
Estate Planning
Federal Criminal Trial
Practice
International Business
Transactions
Introduction to Civil Law
Law and Education
Law and Psychiatry
Law of the Common Market
Legal Aspects of
Nation-Building: Africa
Problems in Law and

2
2

11-520
06-610
02-710

07-510
12-510
12-520
11-560

Food and Drug Law
Jurisprudence
Law and Ethics
Law and Psychiatry

Credit
Hours
2

2
2
2
1

2
2
2
2

Course
Number
09-510

10-530
10-511
11-540
11-560
10-540
10-521
11-550

08-610
05-520
05-510

Elective
Course
Course
Credit
Courses
Number
Hours
Name
09-340 Administrative Law:
and
Seminars
Regulation of
not offered
Broadcasting
3
in 1974-75*** 10-620 Advanced Problems
in Conflict of
Laws (seminar)
2
07-530 Advanced Problems
in Securities Regulation (seminar)
2
10-520 African Law
(seminar)
2
10-510 Comparative Law
(seminar)
2
07-361 Deceptive Trade
Practices
3
11-530 Economic Analysis
and Public Policy
(seminar)
2
06-620 Fiduciary Administration (seminar) 2
10-610 International
Antitrust Law
(seminar)
2
10-550 International Organizations (seminar) 2

Medicine

Problems in Taxation of
Business Income
Real Estate Development
Urban Housing Problems

2
2
2
2
2
2
2

2
2
2

Number
Name
Hours
Course
Course
Credit
10-551 International Protection of Human
Rights (seminar)
2
01-520 Judicial Administration (seminar)
2
11-570 Juvenile Law
(seminar)
2
07-620 Labor Law (seminar) 2
02-510 Law and Criminology
(seminar)
2
11-310 Law and Poverty
2
10-560 Law, Ecology, and
the Global Environment (seminar)
2
12-310 Legal History
2
09-330 Legislative Process
(seminar)
2
02-550 Research in Urban
Criminal Justice
(seminar)
2
08-340 State and Local
Taxation
2
08-620 Tax Policy (seminar) 1

••• o ffe rings in the regular curriculum which, although
not offered in 1974-75, are expected to be offered in
futu re years.

23

�SENIOR RESEARCH
Senior Research may be taken by third-year
students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two
semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in the
first semester taken) in any field of study upon
agreement with the supervising professor,
subject to the rules governing the program
which are available from the Registrar's Office
or the Director of Research.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR
OFFERINGS
(Listed in order of course number)

Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also
serve to identify instructors.

01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I
Course (4 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Reese (56); Waltz (74)
Structure and organization of the federal and state
judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and
subject matter; process and pleadings; parties ;
joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice;
inspection and discovery; division of function
between judge and jury; summary judgment;
judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and
collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases
on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure for the United States District
Courts (Mr. Reese); Waltz, Cases on Pleading
and Procedure (multilithed), and Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure for the United States District
Courts (Mr. Waltz).

01-110 MOOT COURT
Messrs. Barack ( 03),
Course (3 hours)
Slater ( 64), Elliott, &amp;
First and
Assistants in Instruction
Second Semesters
(03/64)
One hour credit given in the first semester; two
hours credit given in the second semester. After
an introductory study of the process of trial and
appellate litigation, the first semester's work
consists of the writing of several papers, long and
short, designed to require the use of the various
tools of legal research and to give practice in the
written analysis of legal problems. Frequent
meetings in small groups with an Assistant in
Instruction; individual tutorials with a Teaching
Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the
full class. The second semester's work consists of
Moot Court cases raising legal issues of current
interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme
Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys
and members of the faculty on the bench.
Emphasis on appellate procedure, brief writing,
and oral argument.

01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Redish (55);
Second Semester
Reese (56)
A continuation of Civil Procedure I; see course
description for Civil Procedure I. Materials to
be announced (Mr. Redish); Reese, Cases on
Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules of
Civil Procedure for the United States District
Courts (Mr. Reese) .

01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION
Course (1 hour)
Mr. Spalding (65)
Second Semester
An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual
lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining
the term "practice of law" ( often described as the
"unauthorized practice" problem); providing
adequate legal services for all ( the poor, the
middle-income client, the unpopular client); rules
against solicitation and advertising; restriction on
the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-ofinterest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust
cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in
representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of
lawyer to client (fees, investing in a client's
business); problems of professional discipline; the
role of the bar as an institution in improving
professional standards and in law reform.
Materials to be announced.

01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Redish (55)
Second Semester
Mr. Reese (56)
History of the federal judicial system; structure
and business of the federal courts; nature of the
federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship;
federal questions; jurisdictional amount; removal
jurisdiction; venue; law applicable in federal
courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state
courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and
Supreme Court. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal
Courts and the Federal System 2nd ed., 1973.
The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the
Federal Courts.

24

01-320 EVIDENCE
Mr. Haddad (30);
Course (3 hours)
Miss Hughes (33)
First Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Second Semester
The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay
rule and its exceptions; competency and
examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion
of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings;
presumptions and privileges. Materials to be
announced (Mr. Haddad, Miss Hughes); Louisell,
Kaplan, and Waltz, Cases and Materials on
Evidence (Mr. Waltz).

�01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Garland, Geraghty,
First and Second Semesters
et. al. (24)
Training in the art of trial advocacy to prepare
students for clinical practice and trial practice.
Students' skills will be developed and tested by
presentation of solutions to trial problems at
weekly sessions of the Circuit Court of
Northwestern, Clinical Division . Trial problems
will require students to examine witnesses,
introduce other evidence (including the testimony
of expert witnesses), present opening and closing
arguments, and select juries. In addition to
problems, each student will bear responsibility for
the preparation and trial of a criminal or civil
case ( or cases). These complete mock trials will
take place before mock juries, and the students'
performances will be judged and reviewed by
other students, faculty, practicing lawyers, and
judges. Materials to be announced.
01-420 TRIAL PRACTICE
Course (1 hour)
First and Second Semesters

Mr. Hanley (83);
Mr. Stifler (98)
An introduction to litigation in which the student
prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the
preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the
selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct
and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses,
and the closing argument. A complete mock trial
presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of
Cook County to take the place of a final
examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and
Evidence. Materials to be announced.

01-421 TRIAL PRACTICE I &amp; II
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Miss Hughes (33)
01-422 SELECTED PROBLEMS IN
LITIGATION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Consideration of selected problems in civil and
criminal litigation, such as pretrial discovery, jury
selection, opening statements and closing arguments, examination of witnesses, and special
problems of evidence and proof, by means of
lecture, demonstration, and class participation and
critiques. Substantial participation by outside
practitioners. Prerequisites: Evidence and an
introductory course in civil or criminal procedure.
Materials to be announced.
01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Roberts &amp; Sprowl (96)
The procedural and substantive impact of computer technology upon the law, legal problems
resulting from computer utilization in an increasingly computer-oriented society; computer invasion

of privacy and the impact of computers upon the
democratic process; the use of computers in legal
research; and an introduction to computer technology, emphasizing the practical use of computers
in the practice of law and in litigation. Materials
to be announced.

01-520 JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
01-610 CLASS ACTIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Reese (56)
Examination of the class action in federal and state
practice and of its function in areas of civil rights,
consumer protection, ecological litigation, antitrust,
securities regulation, and mass torts. Consideration
will be given to selected aspects of procedure,
including requirements of notice, manageability,
res judicata, fees, conflict of laws, forms of relief,
and appealability. A paper is required; the writing
requirement for graduation may be met. Materials
to be announced.
01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION
Course (1 hour)
Legal Clinic Staff
First Semester
Mr. Hyman, Co-ordinator (34)
Required of all second-year students working in
the Legal Clinic, and of third-year students who
are working in the Clinic for the first time. A
survey of the basic legal rules in the fields most
frequently encountered at the Clinic and other
agencies and programs, including criminal procedure, domestic relations, housing, consumer,
welfare, and not-for-profit corporations law,
highlighting some of the issues most amenable to
creative approaches in litigation. Development of
litigation techniques and interviewing skills and
discussion of the structure of the courst system in
Chicago. Materials to be announced.
01-711-14; 01-721-24 CLINICAL PRACTICE
Course (4 hours)
Mr. Eovaldi, Mr. Geraghty,
First and Second
Ms. Geraghty, Mr. Hyman,
Semesters
Mr. Schoenfield, et. al. ( 11)
Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours
per week to clinical practice at the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, Federal Defender
Program, United States Attorney's Office,
Better Government Association, or at other
agencies or organizations approved by the Law
School for clinical practice. Training in
counseling, interviewing, litigation problems and
techniques, and in substantive and procedural law
particularly relevant to the clinical program
chosen. Students enrolled in the course are
required to apply for certification under Illinois
Supreme Court Rule 711, the Illinois student
practice rule. This rule allows third-year law
students, under certain circumstances, to practice
in the Illinois State courts. Prerequisite or
concurrent requisite: Clinical Practice Orientation
25

�and a trial practice course. For admission to the
program at the Northwestern Legal Clinic,
completion of or enrollment in Clinical Practice
Orientation is a prerequisite. Supervisors of other
clinical programs may or may not require Clinical
Practice Orientation as a prerequisite. Preference
in gaining admission to the Legal Clinic program
will be given to those students who have
satisfactorily completed one semester of volunteer
work at the Clinic or who have volunteered for
such work. Students may enroll either for one
semester or for both semesters of their third year.
Materials to be announced.
01-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE
AND PRACTICE
02-110 CRIMINAL LAW
Messrs. Heinz (31);
Course (3 hours)
Inbau (35)
First Semester
Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations
of the criminal Jaw; specific crimes, including
murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault,
larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and
robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility
including the defense of mental impairment;
uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal
combinations. lnbau, Thompson, and Moenssens,
Cases and Comments on Criminal Law.
02-210 CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Messrs. Haddad (30);
Course (3 hours)
Inbau (35)
Second Semester
A survey of the criminal process from arrest
through collateral attacks upon convictions,
emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of

both a constitutional and a non-constitutional
dimension . lnbau, Thompson, Haddad, Zagel, and
Starkman, Cases and Comments on Criminal
Procedure.
02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Course (I hour)
Second Semester
Mr. Inbau (35)
The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids
in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific
experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials
to be announced.
02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT
PROBLEMS
Messrs. Haddad (30)
Seminar (2 hours)
&amp; Inbau (35)
First Semester
A consideration, in depth, of selected current
problems in the administration of criminal justice.
02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Aspen (86)
First Semester
Mr. Bronner (88)
Second Semester
An examination of the trial processes of a
criminal case. The seminar will focus on strategy
and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case,
plea bargaining, the preparation of witnesses, the
selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination,
preparation and argument of motion and
preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert
testimony, arguments to the court and jury, and
sentencing procedures. Materials to be announced.

�02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Haddad (30)
Second Semester
A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal
appeals, with an examination of other state and
federal post-conviction remedies. Mimeographed
materials.

02-550 RESEARCH IN URBAN
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
02-710 FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL
PRACTICE
Seminar (1 hour)
First and Second Semesters Mr. Garland (25)
Discussion and analysis of criminal trial practice
in the Federal Courts. Students will be assigned
to Federal Defender Panel attorneys and will
assist those attorneys in preparing and trying
federal criminal cases. Classroom sessions will
center on discussion of problems and issues
arising out of federal criminal trial work against
the background of student experiences in the
Federal Defender Program. Classroom sessions
will also include student participation in exercises
dealing with problems encountered in federal
criminal litigation. Students may enroll for either
or both semesters but preferences in admission to
the seminar will be given to those who enroll for
both semesters. Materials to be announced.
02-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
CRIMINAL LAW
03-110-1 TORTS I
Course (3 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Redish (55); Slater (64)
Protection of personality, property, and relational
interests against physical, appropriational, and
defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance,
negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit,
privacy, slander, libel, malicious prosecution,
inducement of breach of contract, and unfair
competition; liability of physicians, hospitals,
landowners, public service companies, builders,
contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers,
dealers, private and common carriers; study of the
effects of modern socio-economic concepts on the
development of tort law and of the operation of
the judicial process at it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Prosser and Wade, Cases and
Materials in Torts (Mr. Redish); Materials to be
announced (Mr. Slater).
03-110-2 TORTS II
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester

Messrs. Redish (55);
Rosenblum (57)
A continuation of Torts I; see course description
for Torts I. Materials to be announced.
03-800

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS

04-110-1 CONTRACTS I
Course (4 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Bennett (05);
Childres (10)
Study of contract doctrines and their use in the
judicial process; an introduction to contract
remedies; formation, performance, and discharge
of contracts, including third party beneficiaries,
assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds. Contractual
aspects of the law of agency. Attention is given
to certain portions of the Uniform Commercial
Code which relate to contracts for the sale of
goods. Materials to be announced.
04-110-2 CONTRACTS II
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. DuBose (17);
Second Semester
Freed (22)
A continuation of Contracts dealing with sales
under the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales
contract; risk of loss and rights of creditors and
purchasers before delivery of the goods to the
buyer; warranties and the power of the parties to
alter them by contract; remedies of the buyer when
the goods are non-conforming and the right of
the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the
buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of
credit and credit card transaction. Farnsworth &amp;
Honnold, Commercial Law (Mr. DuBose).
Materials to be announced ( Mr. Freed).
04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Freed (22)
First Semester
Mr. Chamberlin (09)
Second Semester
The law of the money substitutes and credit
devices (negotiable instruments), particularly
checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods
and services; the concept of negotiability: its
history and importance in the distribution and
credit systems; the commanding rights of the
holder in due course; moderating effect of the
formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation,
transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights
and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and
others dealing with negotiable instruments in a
variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses
among the parties or their insurers resulting from
forgeries, alterations, and other frauds; selected
problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and
Materials (2nd ed. ); Uniform Commercial Code,
1972 Official Text and Comment.

04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS
Course (3 Hours)
First Semester
Mr. Gordon (27)
Secured financing of commercial and consumer
goods with special reference to transactions in
motor vehicles, fixtures, inventory, and receivables;
consignments, equipment, leasing, and field ware27

�housing; security interests in proceeds of the
collateral and after-acquired property; priorities,
with detailed consideration of the priorities of the
purchase money security interest, the buyer in
ordinary course, and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems of the
security interest under appropriate sections of the
Federal Bankruptcy Act. Farnsworth and Honnold,
Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2nd ed.)
Uniform Commercial Code, 1972 Official Text
with Comments.

04-330 INSURANCE LAW
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Chamberlin (09)
Basics of insurance law including the principles of
indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the
formation and construction of contracts for various
types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of
insurance, authority of brokers and agents, the
effect of binders and binding receipts) ; the risk
transferred from insured to insurer and the
definition and control of such risk ( coverage
provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine
of concealment, etc. ); recovery by insured
notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, estoppels,
reformation of contract, etc. ); settlement of
claims; and governmental regulation and sponsorship of insurance. Keeton, Insurance Law-Basic
Text (recommended); Keeton, Case Supplement
on Basic Text on Insurance Law (required).
04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION, AND
DAMAGES
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. DuBose (17);
Second Semester
Mr. Childres (10)
A functional study of the law of form and measure
of relief, emphasizing the extent of protection
afforded property, personal and business interests.
The law of restitution, both legal and equitable, the
other equitable remedies, and the law of damages.
The attempt is to construct a rational rule structure for these areas, one which is both consistent
with most of the cases and responsive to the
problems of the day. Materials to be announced
(Mr. DuBose); Childres, Equity, Restitution and
Damages, Cases and Materials (Mr. Childres).
04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Eovaldi (20)
A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and
creditors in such common law and statutory
proceedings as judgments by confession, enforcement of wage assignments, replevin, attachment,
garnishment, wage deduction, supplementary
proceedings, executions against persons and
property, general assignments, compositions, and
proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances.
Particular attention to evolving constitutional and
statutory protections of consumer debtors, includ-

28

ing exemptions from execution on wages and
property, limitations on a creditor's ability to
obtain a deficiency judgment, and limitations on
extra-judicial collection efforts. Outline of the
Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention
to the provisions covering liquidation and
distribution of the bankrupt's estate, and the
effectiveness of and procedures for obtaining a
discharge of the bankrupt's debts. Consideration
of alternatives to straight bankruptcy, such as
wage-earner plans under Chapter XIII of the
Bankruptcy Act and of the numerous proposals
for change of the debt collection process and for
alternatives to the present bankruptcy system.
Materials to be announced.

04-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS
AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES
05-110 PROPERTY
Course ( 4 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Gordon (24);
Schuyler (62)
Introduction to the law of real and personal
property. Historical background; basic property
concepts; selected problems in personal property;
the creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail,
for life and the legal incidents of each; landlord
and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary
problems; creation and incidents of future interests
at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of
worthier title; origin of equitable interests;
concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases
and Text on Property (2nd ed.) , and multilithed
materials.

05-310 REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION
AND DISPOSITION
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Miss Hughes (33);
Mr. Kennedy (37)
An analysis of the basic elements of land acquisition and transfer- the real estate sales contract,
deeds, recording and registration of land titles,
abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development
financing including federal programs and secured
lending devices; an exploration of additional
selected legal problems such as cooperative and
condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced.
05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL
OF LAND USE
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Spalding (65)
A survey of the devices available both in private
and in public law to control the use of land. On
the private law side, both consensual arrangements
( easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and
tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered.
On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning,
subdivision control, and pollution control schemes.

�These various approaches to control are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon
related factual situations-rather than doctrinally.
Spalding, Cases and Materials on Uses of the
Environment (2nd tentative edition- multilithed) .

ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Mr. D'Amato (15)
First Semester
A methodology and systems framework for
assessing legal impact upon decisions affecting the
environment. Problem areas include depletion of
resources, pollution, pesticides, radiation and
power generation, overpopulation, technology
assessment, and the values of science in the
restructuring of societal decision-making.
Emphasis upon the dialogue between science and
law in environmental litigation. Materials to be
announced.
05-330

05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Lungmus &amp;
Second Semester
Tilton (91)
Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering
principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets,
know-how, confidential disclosures, and the
licensing or assignment of intellectual property.
Multilithed materials.
05-510 URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Tucker (99)
Study of methods and problems concerning provision of an adequate supply of standard housing
through government programs and private action.
Materials to be announced.
05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Goldman (26)
An examination-principally from the viewpoints
of the developer-investor and his attorney--of
selected financial, business, legal and tax considerations involved in the acquisition, development,
and syndication of real estate. David, Urban Land
Development.
05-800

SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY

06-310 FAMILY LAW
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
A study of the legal problems involved in
formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the
family with particular emphasis on the problems
of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage,
child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson,
Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic
Relations ( 1970).

06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND
TRUSTS I
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Beckstrom (04);
First Semester
Chamberlin (09)
Intestate succession: limits on testamentary power;
execution and revocation of wills; will contests;
admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or
deed; contracts to make wills ; will substitutes,
including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable
living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift
provisions; termination of trusts; insurance trusts.
Materials to be announced (Mr. Beckstrom);
Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials
on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.) (Mr.
Chamberlin) .
06-320-2 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND
TRUSTS II
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Schuyler (62)
Second Semester
The legal consequences of wills, trusts, and other
dispositive documents, with emphasis on interpretation and drafting, including problems involving
class gifts, gifts over on death, implied gifts, vested
and contingent interests, powers of appointment,
the rule against perpetuities and changed circumstances; introduction to fiduciary administration;
charitable trusts. Prerequisite: DecedentJ' Estates
and Trusts; Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases
and Materials on Decedents' Estates and Trusts
(4th ed.).
06-610 ESTATE PLANNING
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Fleming (82)
&amp; Kirby (36)
Mr. Fleming (82)
Second Semester
A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in
the light of the principles from the fields of
decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future
interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and
income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical
problems in estate planning provide exercises in
drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift
Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation
and Federal Corporate Income Tax. Materials to
be announced.
06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
06-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY
STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS

29

�07-310 CORPORATIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Barack (03);
Kennedy (37)
A study of the common law, federal and state
statutory, and administrative framework for the
operation of the modern corporation. Attention
will be directed to problems of organization,
distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the
regulation of securities transactions, proxy and
reporting requirements, the special problems of
close corporations, and corporate derivative and
class actions. Cary, Cases and Materials on
Corporations.

07-330 ACCOUNTING
Course (1 hour)
First Semester
Mr. Brady (87)
Principles of accounting and the relationship of
law and accounting. Open only to students who
have earned no more than three hours of college
credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting
for Business Lawyers (1971) .
07-340 ANTITRUST LAW
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Rahl (54)
Second Semester
Mr. Slater (64)
Federal, state, and foreign comparative law and
policy on competition and monopoly; antitrust law
concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of
trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents,
boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods
of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow
and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of
Business ( 1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and
Materials on Antitrust Law (1974-multilithed).

07-350 LABOR LAW
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Hillman (32)
An examination of the legal framework for the
establishment of the terms and conditions of
employment through collective bargaining. The
roles and limitations of legislative, administrative,
and judicial power in the collective bargaining
process and in the resolution of industrial conflict
will be studied. Smith Merrifield &amp; St-Antoine,
Labor Relations Law, Cases and Materials, 5th ed.
(new) .
07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY,
AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Hilliard &amp; Pattishall (95)
The principles of the common and statutory law
protecting the means for identifying the source
and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal
and state trademark statutes, federal adversary, and
other proceedings respecting trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade
practices by the Federal Trade Commission and
others. Pattishall and Hilliard, Trademarks, Trade
Identity and Unfair Trade Practices.
07-361 DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES
Course (3 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
07-370 REGULATED INDUSTRIES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Rosenblum (57)
Examination of the objectives, practices, and consequences of legal and administrative regulation by
the federal and state governments of key sectors
of American industry. Materials will be drawn

�primarily from the fields of communications,
transportation, energy, food and drugs. Emphasis
will be placed on evaluation of regulatory statutes
and case law prescribing agency policies, instruments, and procedures relevant to people's
expectations and needs. Materials to be announced.

·, 07-380 SECURITIES REGULATION
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Hilliker
Second Semester
Federal regulation of broker dealers, stock
exchanges, and investment companies. Civil
liabilities for violation of securities laws. The
role of the Securities and Exchange Commission
and new developments in the structure of the
capital markets. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance.
Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation.
07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Barack (03)
Second Semester
An examination of corporate financial matters,
including the federal regulation of securities
distributions under the Securities Act of 1933,
corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise
and securities valuation, the financial protection
of security holders and creditors, and fairness and
shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions.
Materials to be announced.
07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS
ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Shapiro (97)
First Semester
Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis upon formation,
operation, and dissolution of partnerships and
limited partnerships. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate
form. Prerequisite: Corporation Finance. Materials
to be announced.
07-440 BUSINESS PLANNING
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Shapiro (97)
Second Semester
Advanced problems in corporation finance,
including corporate organization, distributions,
recapitalization, and reorganization. Emphasis will
be placed upon problems of financing corporations,
with concurrent examination of problems in
corporate, tax and securities law. Prerequisites:
Corporation Finance and Federal Corporate
Income Taxation . Materials to be announced.

07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Messrs. Burditt &amp;
First Semester
M. Thompson (89)
A survey of the content of federal and state food,
drug, and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the
legal and practical problems associated with their

application and administration. Christopher and
Goodrich, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug
Law (2nd ed.).

07-520 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Freed (22)
Second Semester
A study of the law of employment discrimination,
including such issues as race and sex discrimination, standardized testing, affirmative action, and
quotas. Emphasis will be on the litigation process
in discrimination cases: recognition of discrimination, statutory causes of action, proof, and equitable relief. Students will be expected to spend out
of class time in research for and preparation of
papers and briefs in actual pending cases. Classroom simulations and role playing will be utilized,
in addition to in-class discussion. Materials to be
announced.
07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN
SECURITIES REGULATION
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
Messrs. Rahl (54)
Second Semester
&amp; Slater ( 64)
Advanced study of antitrust law and policy;
selected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other
areas; consideration of underlying policy questions
and development of facts and legal theories for
particular problems. Prerequisite: Antitrust Law.
Materials to be announced.
07-620 LABOR LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
07-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
STRUCTURE AND REGULATION
08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME
TAX
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Kirby (36)
First Semester
Mr. S. Thompson ( 69)
Second Semester
An introduction to the statute on federal income
taxation, with emphasis on the taxation of
individuals, estates and trusts, on family property
arrangements, and common business transactions;
the administrative and judicial processes in
resolving income tax controversies. Pedrick and
Kirby, The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income
Tax Volume (Mr. Kirby); Materials to be
announced (Mr. Thompson).

31

�08-330 FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT
TAXATION
Course (2 hours)
Mr. S. Thompson (69)
First Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
Second Semester
The impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on
various types of property transfers during life and
at death. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of
Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Volume
(Mr. Kirby and Mr. Thompson).
08-340 STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME
TAX
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. S. Thompson ( 69)
Second Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
The federal income taxation of business entities,
corporations, and partnerships ; the incorporation
process, recapitalization, reorganization of businesses ; the treatment of Subchapter Selecting
corporations. Prerequisite: Federal Individual
Income Tax. Pedrick and Kirby, The Study of
Federal Tax Law: Income Tax Volume (Mr.
Kirby); Wolfman, Federal Income Taxation of
Business Enterprise (Mr. Thompson).

08-610 PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF
BUSINESS INCOME
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. S. Thompson ( 69)
An advanced study of the federal income tax of
corporations with particular emphasis on the tax
treatment of corporate reorganizations at both the
corporate and shareholder levels. There will be
some discussion of the income taxation of foreign
so urce income of U. S. corporations. Prerequisites:
Federal Indi vidual Income Tax and Federal
Corporate Income Tax . Materials to be announced.
08-620 TAX POLICY
Seminar (1 hour)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
08-800

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION

09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Course (4 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. D'Amato (15);
Nathanson (46)
The judicial role in constitutional interpretation;
procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federal
government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees
of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and property rights. Materials to be
announced (Mr. D'Amato) ; Gunther and Dowling,
Cases and Material on Constitutional Law (8th
ed.) (Mr. Nathanson).

Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor
from 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School.

�09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Nathanson ( 46) &amp;
Rosenblum (56)
Second Semester
Mr. Bennett ( 05)
A general introduction to the legal problems of
the administrative process in both federal and state
governments, including the constitutional framework within which the administrative agencies
operate; the role of administrative discretion in the
development of public policy; the administrative
interpretation of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the
requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure; and the methods and scope of
judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe
and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and
Materials (Messrs. Nathanson and Rosenblum);
Materials to be announced (Mr. Bennett) .
09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mrs. Netsch (48)
Selected topics from the field of state and local
government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan
areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced.
09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
09-340 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW:
REGULATION OF BROADCASTING
Course (3 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
09-510 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Seminar (2 Hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Gordon (27)
&amp; Nathanson ( 46)
A study of selected cases in constitutional law
awaiting decision by the Supreme Court in the
current term. So far as possible, the materials
used will be the briefs filed in the Supreme Court.
Each student will be required to submit arguments
and a written opinion for analysis and criticism by
other members of the seminar. Materials to be
announced.
09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Nathanson (46)
Intensive study of selected current problems of
freedom of speech, press, association, religion, and
separation of church and state. Consideration will
be given to underlying philosophical conceptions,
to comparable problems in other democratic

societies, and to international protection of human
rights. Materials to be announced.

09-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
An introduction to international law. Bases of
jurisdiction in the international community;
resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and
sources of international law; membership;
standards for international trade and investment;
international and regional courts and organizations;
control of the use of force in international
disputes. Leech, Oliver &amp; Sweeney, The
International Legal System.
10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
Mr. Nekam (47)
A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments;
limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith
and credit; constitutional control of choice of law;
theories and practice in choice of law. Brief
review of jurisdiction of courts. Materials to be
announced ( Mr. MacChesney) ; Reese and
Rosenberg, Cases on Conflict of Laws (Mr.
Nekam) .
10-320 ADMIRALTY
Course (3 hours)
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the
maritime lien, carriage of goods, salvage, general
average, marine insurance, claims of maritime
workers, collision, and the limitation of liability.
Healy &amp; Sharpe, Cases on Admiralty, (2nd ed.).
10-510 COMPARATIVE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
10-511 INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Schwerin (63)
Studies exploring, with the aid of historical
information, the influence of social, religious,
political, and economic ideas and institutions upon
the development of Anglo-American common law
and of Continental civil law. Selected problems
on sources and movements in civil law, codes
and precedent, development of courts and of the
legal profession. Materials to be announced.
10-520 AFRICAN LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)

33

�10-521 LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION
BUILDING: AFRICA
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
Second Semester
An exploration of the changes traditional African
legal systems are undergoing as a result of
"Westernization," including under that term the
introduction of codified law and new adjudicative
forms, the migration to the cities, and social
change generally. Both aspects of the adjustment
process will be explored: the modifications
Western legal forms and procedures must undergo
in being applied to a social context differing from
that which gave rise to them, as well as the
accommodations a traditional society must make
to incorporate successfully new legal institutions
and processes. A goal of the seminar is sensitization to the rationale behind many Anglo-American
legal institutions and concepts by showing how
they work--or do not work-when transferred to
another social setting. Materials to be announced.
10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
TRANSACTIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Barack (03)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal problems of doing
business abroad, including host country restrictions
on foreign investment, problems of international
trade, American taxation of foreign corporations
and shareholders, and the extra-territorial application of American anti-trust and securities laws.
Materials to be announced.
10-5i10 mE LAW OF mE COMMON
MARKET
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Nicholson (94)
A study of the institutions and developing law of
the European Economic Community. Written
paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and
Materials on the Law and Institutions of the
Atlantic Area and multilithed materials.
10-550 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
10-551 INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF
HUMAN RIGHTS
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
10-560 LAW, ECOLOGY, AND THE
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
10-610 INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
10-620 ADVAN CED PROBLEMS IN
CONFLICT OF LAWS
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
34

10-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW,
AND FOREIGN LAW
11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Heinz (31);
Hillman (32)
A survey of relationships between the legal and
social orders. Consideration wili be given both to
the legal order as an affirmative instrument of
social, political, and economic change and to the
processes through which the legal order accommodates to such change. Specific illustrations of
the role of the legal order in balancing the
elements of progress and stability will also be
examined. Materials to be announced.
11-220 ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
A course for students who have had no economics,
covering: the macro-economic theory of the
determination of income, prices, and employment;
the role of money, taxation, and government
expenditures in stabilization policy; the microeconomic theory of markets, stressing their structural characteristics that influence the formation
of the relative prices of inputs and outputs; the
macro- and micro-economics of international trade
and finance. Throughout the course the relationship
between economic and legal processes will be
emphasized. Materials to be announced.
11-310 LAW AND POVERTY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Bennett (05)
An examination of the rapidly developing law
defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare
recipients and problems of litigation, particularly
federal jurisdictional problems encountered in
vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for
reform of the welfare system and the extent to
which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against
the background of the present law. Prerequisite:
Civil Procedure I. Materials to be announced.
11-330 LAW AND RACISM
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Instructor to be announced
An examination of the legal foundations of some
of the major issues arising out of the relationship
between races in the United States; identification
and discussion of unresolved current and future
issues affecting blacks, women, and other oppressed
groups. Community persons are called in to share
their experiences. Materials to be announced.

�0

11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW
Course (2 hours)
Instructor to
Second Semester
be announced
A consideration of sex roles in contemporary
society as they are shaped, constrained, or liberated
by doctrines of constitutional law, family law,
labor law, property law and the like; emphasis on
the societal contexts in which doctrinal development occurred and in which it operates today.
Materials to be announced.

•

11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT
SALES, AND POVERTY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Eovaldi (20)
An examination of the legal, economic, historical,
and social setting for the sales of consumer goods
ori credit, with particular emphasis on the legal
problems of poor persons. The course examines
the installment credit sale process, legislative and
judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and
efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of
the selling and collection process. Specific subjects
examined include: fraudulent and deceptive sales
practices; regulation of credit terms and rates;
35

�truth in lending and other disclosure laws; warranty laws and unconscionability doctrines; creditor
collection remedies, including wage assignments,
wage garnishments, repossession and deficiency
judgments, as well as holder in due course doctrine
and contractual waiver of defenses; redress of
consumer grievances, including small claims courts,
arbitration procedures, class actions, and governmental agency activities. The Model Consumer
Act, the Uniform Consumer Credit Code, the
Report of the National Commission on Consumer
Finance, and other proposals for legal changes will
be considered. Multilithed materials.

11-520 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,
POLITICAL MODERNIZATION, AND
THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
The economics of development and the economic
and political problems confronting developing
societies. The role of law and legal institutions in
facilitating economic growth and in establishing
the legitimacy of the political order. Materials
to be announced.

11-530 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND
PUBLIC POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75 .)
11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Rosenblum (57)
Second Semester
Analysis of the statutory, constitutional, and
public policy considerations affecting the structure
and processes of education in the United States.
A major focus on the governance of educational
institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g.,
the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty, and students. Materials to be
announced.
11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Selected topics involving the interaction of law
and medicine, e.g., problems of health care
delivery, tort liability of physicians, expert testimony, testimonial privileges, homotransplantation,
human experimentation, innovative therapy,
genetic screening and counseling. Waltz and
Wadlington, Problems in Law and Medicine
(multilithed).
11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. DuBose (17)
Second Semester
Mr. Schneider (85)
This seminar will deal with the rights of the
mentally disabled. Although it will deal with

36

matters both criminal and civil in nature, it will
emphasize the civil aspect and society's attempt to
divert the mentally disabled from the criminal
justice system. Both voluntary and involuntary
admissions to hospitals, institutions, and other
community facilities will be considered. Besides
considering the court's role in the civil commitment proceeding, an examination of the court's
role in mandating change will be undertaken. The
doctrines of right to treatment and right to education shall be considered along with other legal
rights of particular concern to the disabled. The
role of the attorney and other advocacy models
will be studied along with the problems of monitoring a mental health system. An opportunity for
visitation to a mental hospital and participation in
the preparation and trial of cases is possible.
Materials to be announced.

11-570 JUVENILE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
11-580 EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
Seminar (2 hrs.)
Mr. Jacob (80)
Second Semester
11-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL
ISSUES
12-310 LEGAL HISTORY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1974-75.)
12-510 JURISPRUDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Nekam (47)
Problems connected with the nature of the law, its
purpose, its origin and development. Legal values;
the idea of justice; natural law; sanctions. Materials to be announced.
12-520 LAW AND ETHICS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. D'Amato (15)
The relation of morality to law: the nature of
moral judgments, the attempt to enforce morality,
responsibility for behavior and strict liability, and
the obligation to resist immoral laws. Although
legal advice is a necessary part of this study, this
is not a seminar in professional ethics as such.
Frankena, Ethics; Wasserstrom, Morality and the
Law; Devlin, The Enforcement of Morals;
Wasserstrom, War and Morality; Rachels, Moral
Problems ( all paperback).
12-800 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY, AND
LEGAL HISTORY

�HONORS AND PRIZES
THE ORDER OF THE COIF
In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded
at Northwestern, and it has since become the
recognized national honor society in legal
education with chapters, numbering more than
45, established in most of the leading
law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the
Order of the Coif annually elects from the
senior class a number of persons, not exceeding
10 percent of the class, who on the basis of
scholarship and character are deemed worthy
of the honor.
THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
LAW REVIEW
Selection of the student members of the
Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic
standing and competitive writing.

Local Government. The first prize is
approximately $400 and the second prize
about $200. Each winner also receives a
certificate and a key.
THE HYDE PRIZE
The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift
of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded
not more often than once in two years, under
such conditions as the faculty may impose, for
the best paper written by a student in the
School of Law on some subject relating to
international law.
MOOT COURT PLAQUE
To recognize excellence in the skills of
brief writing and oral argument, the January
1962 Graduating Class provided a plaque on
which is engraved each year the names of the
members of the winning team in the Julius H.
Miner Moot Court Competition. The plaque
is on display in the Law School.

THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
AND CRIMINOLOGY
Second- and third-year students are invited to
join the staff of the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology on the basis of outstanding
scholastic achievement and demonstrated
writing ability.

AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS
The publishers of American Jurisprudence
give a volume of that publication covering a
particular subject as a prize to the student
making the highest grade in that subject. These
prizes are awarded semi-annually.

WIGMORE KEY
Established in 1949-50, the award is made
by the Junior Bar Association to the member
of the senior class who has done most for the
School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is made by the graduating class and the
faculty.

INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL
AWARD
A plaque and a year's complimentary
subscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal
are awarded annually to the student receiving
the highest grade in the course in Insurance.

THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES
Income from a fund established by the
late Frank 0. Lowden, Class of 1887,
is used annually to provide prizes totaling
approximately $600. The prizes are awarded
for ability to marshal authorities, to present
arguments effectively in written form, and to
speak lucidly and convincingly in public, and
go to students for the best written contributions
to the Law Review and the Journal of Criminal
Law and Criminology and to the finalists in the
annual Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition.

PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD
Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s)
attaining the highest grade in each of the
Federal Taxation courses.

BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE
Income from a fund of $15,000 established
by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used
annually to provide two prizes for papers
prepared by students dealing with the Law of

INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL
EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR
PRIZES
A choice of one of the Institute's most recent
and most comprehensive handbooks is
awarded to the outstanding student in each of
the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25
certificate to be used for any Institute course is
awarded to each of two students selected from
those who participate in the National Moot
Court Competition.

37

�SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS
In the total educational program of the Law
School, the formal course work within the
curriculum is supplemented by a variety of
additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished
scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United
States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to
the regular courses and emphasize the broader
public obligations of the profession. In
recognition of the Law School's role in the life
of the profession, the community, and the
nation, conferences are held which bring
together leaders of thought and action for
discussion of subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs,
the student broadens his vision and develops
the sense of public responsibility which
characterizes the highest traditions of the bar.
Many of these curricular supplements are
presented by the Law School as an integral
part of the general educational program upon
an occasional basis and without special
sponsorship. Others are offered as part of
established and continuing programs within the
School. The most notable of these continuing
programs are described below.

THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES
The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is
administered by the Law School, was
established in 1919 in memory of the eminent
and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The
funds are devoted to the support of significant
research and scholarship. One of the principal
programs supported by the Foundation is the
Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a
position in the forefront of distinguished
lecture programs in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related fields have
delivered the annual lectures. Their publication
in book form has made notable, permanent
contributions to legal literature and scholarship.
The following scholars have given lectures at
the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal
Foundation:
In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth,
Vinerian Professor of Law at Oxford
University. These lectures were published
under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal
History by Macmillan;
In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of
the University of Havana, member of the
Permanent Court of International Justice;
38

In 1929, John C.H. Wu, formerly Chief
Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai
and member of the Law Codification
Commission of China. These lectures were
published under the title "The Legal Systems of
Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art
of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary
by the Commercial Press;
In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law
of the University of Paris;
In 1934, Charles Warren, author of The
Suprem e Court in United States History and
numerous other historical works. These
lectures were published under the title
Bankruptcy in United States History by
Harvard University Press;
In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor
of Law at Yale University;
In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate
Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts. These lectures were published
under the title The Trial Judge by the
Foundation Press, Inc.;
In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at
Harvard University. These lectures were
published under the title The Law in Quest of
Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc.
In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures
covering the evolution, structure, operation,
and philosophy of the United Nations was
given by a group of learned and distinguished
men who have been intimately associated with
the establishment and development of the
United Nations. The lectures were arranged
and given under the direction of the late Adlai
E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States
Ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr.
Stevenson, another series of lectures was given
on subjects in the fields of International
Relations and International Law.
In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor,
Russian Institute, Columbia University,
delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and
International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor
of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series
of three lectures on the subject "On
Understanding the Supreme Court," published
as a volume under that title by Little, Brown
and Co.
In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law,
University of Michigan, delivered a series of
lectures on "The History of Unjust

�Enrichment," published as a volume under the
title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative
Analysis by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1951, Abraham H. Feller, General
Counsel, United Nations, delivered a series
of lectures on "World Law, World Community,
and the United Nations," published as a
volume under the title United Nations and
World Community by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of
Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
"The Lawyer and the Government," published
as a volume under the title The Washington
Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952-53, the following lectures were
given: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome
Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal
Director, International Civil Aeronautics
Organization; "The Essentials of a Sound
Judicial System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New
Jersey; "The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H.
Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. A conference was
also held on the subject of the Revision of the
Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including
Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler,
Professor of Law at Columbia University.
In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of
Law, Columbia University, delivered a series
of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist
Oscar Schachter, director of Studies of the
United Nations Institute for Training and
Research (UNITAR), delivering the 1974
Rosenthal Lectures.

Revolution," published as a volume under that
title by Harcourt, Brace.
In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of
Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a
series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the
Nineteenth Century," published as a volume
under the title Law and the Conditions of
Freedom in the Nineteenth Century United
States by the University of Wisconsin Press.
In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B.
Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard University,
Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary
General of the United Nations, and John J.
Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Fourt)l Circuit.
In 1956-57, the following lectures were
given: "The Individual and the Rule of Law
Under the New Japanese Constitution" by
Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and
Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial
Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems
and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean,
School of Law, Loyola University, New
Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of
Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor
of Jurisprudence, Oxford University.
In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the
Law School and presently Distinguished
Professor of Law, University of Texas,
delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability:
Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published
as a volume under the title Traffic Victims:
Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of
Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
"The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a
volume under that title by the Ronald Press.
In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord
Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the
United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures
on "The Law and Its Compass," published as
a volume under that title by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a
member of the faculty and formerly Dean of
the Law School, delivered a series of lectures
on "The Nature of Private Contract,"
published as a volume under that title by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then
Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California,
delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic
Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and
Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer," published as
39

�a volume under the title Beyond the Law by
Doubleday and Company, Inc.
In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law,
University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of
lectures on "Religion and American
Constitutions," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of
Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on "The British Commonwealth of
Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics
and Prospects," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1965, a series of lectures on the general
subject of "Perspectives on the Court" offered
three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme
Court of the United States. Participants were
Max Freedman, distinguished journalist,
William M. Beaney, Professor of Politics and
Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V.
Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale
University. This series has been published as a
volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer
of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of
the faculty before his elevation to the bench,
delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal
Procedures and Converging Constitutional
Doctrines," published as a volume under the
title The Suspect and Society by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the
Court of Justice of the European Communities
delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of
the Lawyer in the European Communities,"
published as a volume under that title by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U.S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The
Organization of Judicial Power in the United
States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo
Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia
University School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published
in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the
Georgetown University Law Center and
formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a
series of lectures on "General Disarmament
and World Law."
40

In March 1971, Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D.,
1930), former Justice of the U. S. Supreme
Court and Ambassador to the United Nations,
presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme
Court of the United States: Some Reflections
on Its Past, Present and Future," published as
a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former
member of the Law School Faculty and later
United States Secretary of Labor, presented a
series of lectures on "Labor and the Law," to
be published as a volume by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1973 , a series of lectures was presented
on the general subject, "Perspectives on
Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor,
Professor of Law, Columbia University; The
Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S.
District Judge for the Southern District of New
York ; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of
Philosophy, Tulane University. The lectures
will be published as a volume by the
Northwestern University Press.
In March 1974, three lectures on the general
subject, "Equitable Sharing of World Resources," were given by Oscar Schachter,
Director of Studies, United Nations Institute
for Training and Research and Former Director, General Legal Division, United Nations.
The lectures will be published by the
Northwestern University Press.

�THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION
PROGRAM
The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation
was established in 1926 in memory of
Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member
of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915,
and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of
his day. The income of the fund is devoted to
the support of research, study, and development
of the law of trade, industry, and commerce.
From time to time prizes have been awarded
from these funds to distinguished American
and European authors for meritorious books
and essays. In recent years, the Foundation
has sponsored a Qumber of conferences with a
significant focus on interrelationships of law,
economics, and government. Among the particular subject areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general
economic and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use, and European
Common Market development.
Since 1948, projects sponsored by the
Linthicum Foundation have included among
their participants such distinguished scholars,
jurists, and public officials as William L. Cary,
John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg,
Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton N . Minow,
Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson,
and W. Willard Wirtz.

OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS
Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A
trust established by the late Cranston Spray,
Class of 1923, and his widow, Catharine
Spray, provides income used for stipends for
students to conduct research in support of
effective law enforcement.
Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest in the
amount of over $250,000 from the estate of
Edwin Walsh, Class of 1928, provides funds
which may be used for the support of research,
special lectures, clinical training, and other
important Law School programs and needs.
Albert Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert
Kocourek, professor on the Law School
faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus
professor from 1940 until his death in 1952,
provides a fund of approximately $200,000,
which under the terms of the will is to be used
to promote research and teaching in the field
of legislation and to purchase books for the
library's jurisprudence collection.
Warren B. Buckley Fund. A bequest of over
$100,000 under the will of Warren B. Buckley,

Class of 1913, provides funds which may be
used to support different programs of the Law
School.

LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC
The Law School provides outstanding
opportunity for voluntary service in the
Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic,
established in 1969 with the assistance of grants
from the Council of Legal Education for
Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field
Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United
Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I.
Shure, with subsequent grants also from the
Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of
the Legal Clinic Program which the Law
School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides
civil and criminal legal services to persons who
are patients of the Northwestern University
medical and dental clinics. It also serves other
individuals and organizations in Chicago.
Through voluntary legal services, law
students may assist in the interviewing and
counseling of clients, preparation of pleadings
and other legal documents, legal research,
interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial.
Third-year law students may enroll in the
clinical program for credit and may be certified
to practice in the courts under the Rules of
the Supreme Court of Illinois.

CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE
Annually since 1962, Northwestern has
conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in
cooperation with the American, Illinois, and
Chicago Bar Associations and the Illinois
Institute for Continuing Legal Education. The
two-day program reviews problems of current
importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. The
Institute regularly draws several hundred
lawyers from throughout the United States.
Institute lecturers are distinguished private
practitioners and lawyers within corporate law
departments, government officials, law
professors, and other scholars in fields of
antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation,
taxation, and other areas of corporate law
practice. Proceedings of the Institute are
published.
Students in the Law School are invited to
attend the Institute without charge. Many of
the papers presented are published in the
Northwestern Law Review and other journals.
41

��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes
and arranged for the students to observe a federal
court case being tried in the Law School building
by several outstanding lawyers of the day,
including Abraham Lincoln.
-Recollections of an Alumnus,
Class of 1860 .

STUDENT ACTIVITIES
A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law
students everywhere, says law students receive
their education from their classmates. Like
many an old saw, the observation contains
within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law
school instruction is built upon student
participation. Beyond the classroom the
student continues professional preparation
in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate,
and friendly argument with colleagues. The
vitality of the Law School is measured by the
quality and vigor of its student body.
At Northwestern the entering student finds
himself a member of a closely knit community
of men and women, bound together by a
common pursuit and by the rich traditions of
the Law School's history. The student body is
comparatively small, averaging approximately
550 students. The modest size of the School
and its instructional policies-division of most
courses into two or more sections and the wide
range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students.
The beginner is carefully chosen through a
policy of selective admission designed to assure
that every member of the class is capable of
legal study at the highest and most challenging
level. The student's classmates are high-ranking
graduates of the leading colleges and
universities in the United States and abroad.
Students benefit from friendly relationships
with fellow students coming from a wide
variety of backgrounds. The typical student
body consists of men and women from 40
states and eight or ten foreign countries. One
hundred and eighty-two colleges and
universities are represented by graduates
enrolled in the Law School (see page 67). A
variety of undergraduate majors are included,
and many students have earned graduate
degrees in other fields before entering the
Law School.
Law students tend to be individualistic and
venturesome, and a broad range of opinion

and experience is encompassed in the student
body. The stimulating contacts of student life
at the Law School combine to develop a
mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the
individual student. A healthy spirit of
competition, helpful in encouraging each
student to his best effort, exists concurrently
with the kind of comradeship and mutual
respect so characteristic of the legal profession
generally.

LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
The tradition in the legal world of accepting
as authoritative professional journals written,
edited, and published by men and women who
have not yet achieved full professional status is
unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate
to have two regularly published scholarly
journals available for student research, writing,
and editing : the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology and the Northwestern Univ ersity
Law Review. Selection for membership on
a publication is at once a high honor, a great
responsibility, and a tremendous opportunity.
Although there are many advantages, the true
value of membership on a legal publication
lies in the sharpening of legal research,
writing, and editing skills which are so
essential to the effective practice of law.

Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology
A quarterly publication with worldwide
circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology is universally recognized as the
foremost publication of its kind. It is the only
student-edited law review published in the
United States which focuses on criminal law
and criminology and is one of the few such
professional publications in the world.
Founded by the late Dean John Henry
Wigmore in 1909, the Journal has the second

43

�largest paid circulation among law reviews.
While the Journal centers on the field of
criminal law, its research reaches into other
areas, from constitutional implications of
various aspects of the criminal codes to the
impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on
the administration of criminal justice. Members
of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and
writing in all fields of the law while applying
the principles of law to the narrower focus of
their publication.
After completion of their first year, a
number of students are invited by the editorial
board of the Journal to join the staff on the
basis of outstanding scholastic performance.
The board invites an additional group of
students to join the staff on the basis of
demonstrated writing ability, either through
participation in the writing competition held
during the second year, or by submitting an
article of publishable quality. Those staff
members who satisfactorily complete their
duties are eligible for election to the editorial
board.
The editorial board holds complete
responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and
editing of competent material submitted for
publication by judges, practicing attorneys,
professors, and other legal scholars and for the
preparation of publishable student material in
the criminal law field.
Annual Legal Publications / Faculty Ball Game

Each staff member is given the opportunity
to write and publish both a comment on an
important area of criminal law and a case note
on a recent Supreme Court decision. The case
note is published in the December issue,
Supreme Court Review, thus giving the student
the unusual opportunity to be published early
in his or her law school career. A recent
innovation has been the dedication of the June
issue to a symposium on a relevant theme,
involving articles written both by professionals
and students. The June 1972 issue, for
example, was devoted to a symposium on
prisoner's rights, a topic which links the fields
of criminal law and criminology.

Northwestern University Law Review
One of the most rewarding student activities
at the Law School is the publication of the
Northwestern University Law Review, one of
the nation's leading professional journals. The
Law Review is circulated widely among
lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs
and judicial opinions.
A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law
Review was first established by students of the
School during the academic year 1892-93,
within five years of the appearance of the first
student journal in the nation. Publication was

�continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension,
under the title Illinois Law Review.
For a period beginning in 1924, editorship
was shared with the law schools of the
University of Chicago and the University of
Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students
resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was
changed to Northwestern University Law
Review.
At the end of the first year, outstanding
students are invited to write commentary on
legal problems for publication and to carry on
the research, editing, and related work of the
Law Review. Members of the staff are selected
on the basis of scholastic standing and
demonstrated writing skill. Selection is one of
the highest honors and greatest responsibilities
the Law School can bestow. Law Review
participation is hard work : it requires the
members to return several weeks before school
begins in the fall and demands a major portion
of their time during the academic year.
Participation on the Law Review is both a
demanding and a constructive experience.

JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT
COMPETITION
To provide continuing practice and
instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy,
the first-year course in Moot Court is

supplemented by the Julius H . Miner Moot
Court Competition for second-year students.
Made possible by an endowment which
memorializes Judge Julius H. Miner, the
program is administered, under faculty
supervision, by third-year students comprising
the Moot Court Board and involves the
preparation of appellate court briefs and the
presentation of oral arguments before panels of
judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty
members. The cases typically raise issues of
current legal importance, more complex and
challenging than those assigned in the regular
first-year course. The final argument is
conducted before the entire student body,
customarily with distinguished judges from the
federal bench. Those who have served as
presiding judges for final arguments include
former Justice Arthur J. Goldberg '30, and
Justices Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall,
Potter Stewart, Byron R. White, and William
H. Rehnquist of the Supreme Court of the
United States. The Law School teams in the
National Moot Court Competition are chosen
on the basis of performance in the Miner
Competition.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT:
THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION
All students are members of the Junior Bar
Association and through it contribute to the

United States Supreme Court Justice William H. Rehnquist talking with students after the Julius H.
Miner Moot Court arguments at the Law School.

�educational and recreational programs of the
Law School. J BA committees are responsible
for many activities, including the orientation
program for new students, Law Day, and a
student-run bookstore which handles used
casebooks and course materials, supplementing
the facilities of the University bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures
are frequent visitors to the School as part of
the JBA Speakers Program, often meeting with
students at coffee hours following such
programs.
The JBA plans a variety of social and
recreational programs throughout the academic
year. Social activities are planned each year
to reflect the interests of the student body.

HONOR CODE
An important product of the Law School's
philosophy of student responsibility is the
Honor Code and the broad authority granted
to the students, through the Junior Bar
Association, for its enforcement and
implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor
Code is that the law student, like the lawyer,
should be subject to unyielding standards of
honorable conduct. In reliance upon the
students' collective sense of responsibility, Law
School examinations are unmonitored and
unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors.
The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation
upon each student to report any apparent
infractions to the students constituting the
Judicial Council of the Association. After a
full hearing, the Council has the duty to make
findings and to recommend appropriate
disciplinary action to the faculty.
The Code covers all academic phases of Law
School activity. It is of special note that this
system has been chosen by the students and
that students administer the system which
guarantees the honor of the Law School
community. The habits of honor fostered by
this honor system stand the young lawyer in
good stead before the bench and bar.

THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS
The Women's Caucus, an association of
women in the Law School, provides a forum
for discussion of the concerns of women
seeking a legal education and women employed
within the legal profession.
The Caucus has been active in encouraging
appointment of women to the faculty, the
46

placement of women graduates, and programs
to encourage women's applications to the
School. The Extended Study Program, which
permits a small number of students to carry a
lighter load, was recommended by the
Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty.
Weekly meetings of the Caucus are held to
discuss issues of personal and group interest.
A spokeswoman for the Caucus is elected each
semester.

BLACK LAW STUDENTS
ASSOCIATION
The Black Law Students Association serves
as a forum for the discussion of matters
concerning black students within the Law
School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal
issues relevant to blacks and, whenever
.possible, provides assistance and answers to
such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly
express its position on events which
significantly affect the black community.
BLSA objectives include increasing the number
of black attorneys in the United States by
encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal
education, gaining greater minority
representation on the faculty and throughout
the University, and helping the local black
community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at
other Chicago law schools to achieve common
objectives.

RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS
Each year a number of second- and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research
Assistants to individual members of the faculty.
These appointments carry a modest stipend but
are valued primarily for the opportunities they
afford for close participation in the ongoing
scholarly work and publications of the faculty.

LAW MATES
The Law Mates organization provides an
opportunity for the non-law student to understand something about the subject of law.
Members of the organization may enjoy an
informal talk by a faculty member on law
study or a legal problem of general interest,
or may spend the evening socializing with
other members of the group. Occasionally,
professors have conducted mock law classes to
give a firsthand view of the educational process
in which law students are involved.

�"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the
School will commence with 50 students. The
tuition fees are to be $100 per year."
-Letter from Henry Booth, first
dean of the Law School, to his
wife, dated June JO, 1859.

ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL
Each year the Law School draws many
hundreds of applications for admission from
every state in the United States and from
abroad. In recent years there have been 15 or
more applicants for each place in the entering
class.
The admission policies of the School of Law
are predicated on consideration of the whole
person. The Admissions Committee seeks to
individualize the admissions process and to
weigh a wide variety of factors from which
individual decisions can be made. Among
these factors are demonstrated scholarship,
intellectual capacity, and qualities of character
requisite to the profession.
Since its early years the Law School has
followed this policy of selective admission to
preserve its character as a cohesive academic
community of moderate size and to assure
continued educational standards of the highest
order. Consequently, the School is unable to
accept many applicants who are capable of
successfully completing legal studies and
qualifying for the practice of law.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
Application forms and information
concerning admission requirements may be
obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions,
Northwestern University School of Law, 357
East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Students are admitted for classes beginning
in September only, and must have a bachelor's
degree from an accredited college or university
at the time of initial registration in the School
of Law.
Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with
the Law School and by registering with the
Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS)
of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944,
Princeton, N.J. 08540. The LSDAS form must
be requested from the Educational Testing
Service and returned directly to ETS, not to
the Law School.

The student's LSDAS registration must be
supplemented by a transcript sent directly to
LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each
college and university attended, regardless of
the number of hours of credit received.
(Exceptions to this requirement are noted in
the LSD AS registration manual.) Except
in unusual cases, transcripts should not be
supplied until they include a record of three
full academic years. If the application is
approved, the applicant must supply a final
transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's
degree directly to the Law School. The
LSDAS registration must also be supported by
a report of the applicant's score on the Law
School Admission Test.
Northwestern University School of Law
joined with several other schools in sponsoring
the development of this test, designed to
measure the student's general aptitude for the
study of law. Information on how to arrange
to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is supplied with
registration material for the test, which may
be obtained directly from the Educational
Testing Service, Box 944, Princeton, N.J.
08540. The test may be taken either before or
after the Law School application form and
LSDAS registration form are filed. An applicant for admission should ordinarily plan to
take the test as early as July and no later than
December preceding the year in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores
are available, they will automatically be added
to the LSDAS file for the applicant.
LSDAS will provide Northwestern
University School of Law, as well as other law
schools to which the applicant wishes to seek
admission, with an analysis of the transcripts
and a report of the Law School Admission Test
score. A fee for this service is paid by the
applicant directly to the Educational Testing
Service. The full details of the Law School
Data Assembly Service accompany the
registration form.
An applicant must also submit, directly to
47

�the Law School, on forms furnished by
Northwestern, recommendations from at least
two college or university instructors. Each
application submitted to the Law School must
also be accompanied by a non-refundable
application fee of $20.

VISITS TO THE SCHOOL
An applicant need not appear for a personal
interview unless invited by the Committee on
Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are
made by a faculty committee, an evaluative
interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of
admissions would not serve to communicate the
special circumstances of an applicant to all
those considering his case. An applicant who
wishes to supply special information
concerning his application should submit a
written statement.
Conferences will be held with students
interested in additional information about the
Law School or about the admission process.
These informational interviews should be by
appointment, arranged in advance by mail or
telephone.

WHEN TO APPLY
When possible, applications should be
submitted and supporting documents forwarded
before January 1, 1975. Applicants who follow
this procedure will be informed of the action
of the Committee on Admissions by March 1.
All applications and supporting documents
should be completed by March 1, 1975. Any
application submitted after that date or any
application which is lacking supporting documents on that date may, in the discretion of

the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for
that reason.
Applicants for financial assistance must
apply by February 1. (See page 52)
Applications are considered and acted upon
as soon as all supporting information has been
received. Determinations are made upon a
balanced evaluation of the applicant's college
record and the Law School Admission Test
score, supplemented by the required
recommendations and other information
bearing on the applicant's capacity and
qualification for law study. Each application is
considered carefully and individually. The
trend of undergraduate achievement,
performance in particular fields and courses,
and the demands and influence of other
activities and personal circumstances are
weighed and taken into account.
Each applicant who is accepted for
admission, whether or not he or she has been
awarded financial assistance, is required to
make a non-refundable deposit of $100 no
earlier than April 1 of the year of entrance.
Upon registration the deposit is applied toward
tuition and fees.
No applicant previously enrolled in another
law school is admitted either as a beginning
student or as a transfer student if he or she is
ineligible to continue study at that school.

TRANSFER
The admission of a student previously
enrolled in another law school who wishes to
become a candidate for the degree of Juris
Doctor from Northwestern depends upon the
applicant's achievements in law study and upon
the factors which control the admission of
beginning students. Generally stated, the
standard requires a highly creditable law
school record.
Transfer applicants should submit the
standard application form following the instructions contained therein with the $20 application
fee, transcripts from each college and university
attended, including the law school from which
transfer is contemplated, and two
recommendations from former instructors, at
least one of which is a law school instructor.
In addition the applicant must have
furnished an official copy of the Law School
Admission Test score, a statement of law
school class standing ( or other basis for
interpreting law school record), and a
statement of eligibility to continue in his or her
present law school.

�Since the record of all law school work
completed must be submitted before a transfer
decision can be made, such decisions are not
usually made until late summer.
The granting of credit for courses completed
in other schools and the allowance of advanced
standing rest within the discretion of the Dean
of the School. In no event is transfer credit
given for law school work in schools which are
not members of the Association of American
Law Schools or for courses in which the
student received a grade below C or its
equivalent.

EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM
Recognizing that women with small children
have special family obligations which cannot
always be met by the granting of financial aid,
the Law School has instituted an Extended
Study Program which allows participants to
take four years to complete the normal threeyear course of legal study.
A maximum of five Extended Study
Program students are admitted to each
first-year class. The program is open to
applicants of exceptional ability who have
special family obligations (such as the care of
preschool children or unusually heavy financial
commitments) which cannot be met by
customary financial aid.
Participating students are required to register
for at least ten hours of course work each
semester. In order to complete the program
within four calendar years, students may either
take more than ten hours in some semesters
or attend summer school, or both.
Although the program is design,ed primarily
for women with children, applications are
accepted from men who find themselves in a
situation analagous to that of a woman who
would be eligible for the program.

PRE-LEGAL STUDY
A bachelor's degree from an accredited
college or university is required for enrollment
in the Law School, but no specific fields of
major study or particular courses are
prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is
to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound
liberal education for the discharge of his
broader professional responsibilities and to
provide a foundation for law school training.
Since the reach of the law's concerns may be
as wide as the range of human behavior, no
particular course of undergraduate study is

viewed as conferring a special advantage in
the law.
College curricula vary, the content of
courses bearing the same title may be
dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases
differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be
general. Courses in such fields as history,
economics, anthropology, sociology,
government, and political science may help the
student to understand the structure of society
and the problems of social ordering with which
the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy
and literature may impart a familiarity with the
traditions of thought that have influenced legal
developments. The examination of human
behavior in courses in psychology and its
analysis through statistical method may also
prove worthwhile.
In developing the skills of a lawyer, the
college student should pursue studies that
enhance the power to express oneself with
clarity and force. English, foreign language
courses, and public speaking are recommended,
as well as other courses in which written work
of high quality is demanded. For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the
physical, natural, and mathematical sciences,
in addition to logic, are suggested.
Apart from subject matter, the student
preparing for the study of law should take
courses of sufficient difficulty to assist in the
development of the rigorous intellectual
discipline essential to success in law school.
He or she would be well-advised, in addition,
to pursue study in some definite field far
enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The
typical student who follows his or her own
interests and tastes is more likely to extend
himself or herself and thereby to increase
capacities for law study.
It is perhaps advisable, however, for the
prospective law student to avoid undergraduate
courses in law designed to prepare one for
other callings and duplicating law school work.
Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent
in studies in other fields.
In general, the undergraduate college student
is best advised not to try to prepare particularly
and narrowly for law school studies, but to
prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the
best available general education. He or she
will find that what is best for law school is also
the best in liberal education- a course of study
that develops in the student the capacity for
understanding, for independent thought, and
for effective self-expression.
49

�TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
The cost of a year of law study varies with
the needs, habits, and circumstances of the
student. As a base from which individual
estimates may be drawn, the sum of $6,180
approximates the total expense for the
academic year of the average unmarried
student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law
School dormitory. Of this total, about $3,680
is required for tuition, fees, books, and
supplies. The remainder represents the typical
expenditure for room, board, and personal
needs.

TUITION
The student's total investment in legal
education, although large in absolute terms,
is insubstantial in comparison with its total
returns in the decades of later professional life.
Short-term economies often prove wasteful in
the long run. In the interests of its students,
the Law School has made every effort to hold
down the costs, but in the same interests, it has
refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a
legal education of the highest quality. The cost
of each student's education is only partly
covered by his or her tuition payments. A
substantial portion is paid from income from
endowments and from annual gifts of alumni
and friends of Northwestern.
Tuition for the academic year 1974-75
Two different tuition rates are applicable in
1974-75-one to third-year students who are
continuing particular programs of study which
they were pursuing in this Law School in
1973-74; and another to first- and second-year
students and others. These rates are as follows:
3rd 1st/2nd Yr.
year &amp; others
Full tuition for candidates
for all degrees, each
semester
$1,690
$1,740
Part-time tuition, each
credit-hour
$175
$175
Auditor's fee, each weekly
class hour
$17 5
$175
Resident in Research fee,
each semester
$75
$75
Full tuition for candidates for the LL.M.
and S.J.D. degrees, each semester $1,575.
50

Subsequent years
Increases in tuition may be anticipated for
subsequent years.

Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor
are classified as undergraduate students.
Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws
(LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical
Science (S.J.D.) and students who have
received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor
degrees or their equivalents and are in their
first semester of full-time graduate work
pending their acceptance as candidates for a
graduate degree are classified as graduate
students. All other students are unclassified
students.
Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees
who have done full-time graduate work at this
University for two semesters are charged the
Resident in Research fee unless they take
courses or seminars. They are then charged at
the rate of $175 per credit-hour.
Unclassified students in residence who are
neither taking courses or seminars for credit
nor auditing courses or seminars are charged
the Resident in Research fee.
All information on tuition, fees, and other
costs is subject to change without notice.

FEES
In addition to tuition, the following
academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are
charged:
Application fee ................. . .. $20
Not transferable; not refundable.

Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Late Health Service requirement fee . . . 2
For students who do not complete the initial
Health Service requirements as specified in the
Student Health Bulletin.

Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duplicate transcript of record, each
Multilith Fee

In many courses it is necessary to supply
multilithed materials to supplement assigned
casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester
for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of

5
1

�duplicating such supplementary materials. In
instances where the teaching materials used in
a course consist entirely of multilithed
materials prepared by the instructor, so that
no casebook need be purchased, an additional
charge may be made.

Advance Deposit
An advance deposit of $100 is required of
all applicants accepted for admission, including
those granted financial assistance. This deposit
is applied as part payment of tuition and fees
but is not refundable.

PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES
Tuition and fees are billed and paid by
semester, rather than for the full academic
year. Payments are due in the first few weeks
after the beginning of the term upon the date
specified in the statement sent to each student
after registration. The Cashier's Office,
conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott
Hall, receives these payments.
The Division of Student Finance, on the
first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements
and makes all adjustments.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS
Official withdrawal forms are available from
the Registrar of the School of Law. Except for
students who are compelled to withdraw
because of compliance with military orders,
students who withdraw before the end of
one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth

of the tuition for the term. Students who
withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term
and before the middle of the term are held for
one-half of the tuition for the term. Students
who withdraw after the middle of the term are
held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of
withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In
the case of exclusion Ior nonpayment of
tuition, the same charges are made in
accordance with the above schedule. In all
cases, either the date on which the student
withdrew from classes and filed a written
withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the
Law School or the date of formal exclusion
is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition.

REBATES
Information about rebates for full-time
faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent
sons and daughters, and employees of
Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be
obtained at the Student Finance Office,
Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed
with that office before the student's first
registration each school year.

STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The University maintains a student deposit
account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as
an accommodation to students. There is no
charge for this service, and no interest is paid
on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts
not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the
Cashier's Office by students who present their
University ID cards.

�FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

The Law School is committed to providing
all possible assistanc_e to law students so that
they may reach their educations goals. However, scholarship and loan funds available for
this purpose are quite limited, and not all
students who demonstrate financial need can
be given financial assistance.
Each application for financial assistance is
considered individually by a committee of
faculty members and each award is determined
by an appraisal of the s.tudent's qualifications
for law study and monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship
grants and repayable grants. The committee
expects that each applicant will obtain as much
financial assistance from other sources as is
possible.
Some scholarships, described below, are
available for students with exceptional ability
and attainments.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
The Law School is a participant in the
Graduate and Professional School Financial
Aid Service (GAPSFAS) . All applicants for
financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form
entitled "Application for Financial Aid for
the Academic Year 1975-76." The GAPSFAS
application may be obtained from the financial
aid officer at the institution the applicant is
currently attending. The GAPSFAS
application may also be obtained from
the Graduate and Professional School
Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540. The application should be
filed no later than January 1 in order to assure
its receipt at the school by February 1. The
application contains sections to be completed
by the applicant, by the spouse or prospective
spouse, and the applicant's parents. An applicant must complete all three sections to be
considered for aid at the Law School.
An application for financial aid will be
considered after an applicant has been accepted
for admission. The admission decision will not
be affected by a request for financial assistance.
52

SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS
In addition to funds provided by the
University and to the generous annual gifts
of alumni and others for scholarship purposes
in the Law School, the following special
scholarships and awards are available to law
students at Northwestern:
George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About
$640,000 was bequeathed to the School by
Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her
husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income
from this fund and such part of the principal
as may be deemed appropriate is awarded to
students selected by the Dean.
Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. Edwin C.
Austin of the Class of 1915 has provided a
fund of about $114,000, the income from
which is used for scholarships, fellowships,
loans, or other financial assistance in the Law
School. Recipients are selected by the Dean in
consultation with an Advisory Committee,
taking into consideration scholarship, interest
in and attitude toward the Law School and
University, conduct in and out of class, and
need.
John Henry Wigmore Scholarships. Several
students of exceptional promise and ability may
be designated each year as Wigmore Scholars
in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of
the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author
of the renowned Treatise on Evidence, and one
of the profession's greatest scholars. The
scholarships are normally in the amount of
full tuition.
Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships. A
student of exceptional ability in each class who
has a goal of devoting his or her life to public
service is awarded a Hardy Scholarship. The
scholarships are in memory of Clarion DeWitt
Hardy, a distinguished member of the faculty
of the School of Speech, and were originally
established by the late Owen L. Coon of the
Law School Class of 1919. After his death in
1948, they were carried on until 1973 by the
Owen L. Coon Foundation. In recognition of
the generous support given the School by Mr.
Coon and by members of his family and of the

�Foundation board, the Law School decided in
1974 to continue the Hardy Scholarships as
described above. In the selection of Scholars,
weight is given to forensic ability and leadership qualities. The scholarship is normally in
the amount of full tuition.
Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A
fund of $61,000 was established in 1972,
under the sponsorship of the John Henry
Wigmore Club, by friends and associates of
John Ritchie to honor him for his distinguished
service as Dean of the Law School from 1957
to 1972. Income from the fund is to be
awarded annually to provide scholarship
assistance to a deserving student selected by
the Dean of the Law School.
L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income
from a fund of $35,000, given by L. Shirley
Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually
to a student in the Law School selected by the
Dean.
Edwin E. and Kitty M. Perkins Scholarship
Fund. In 1973, the Edwin E. Perkins Foundation made a gift of $50,000 to endow a fund,

the income from which is to be used at the
discretion of the Dean to provide scholarship
assistance to one or more deserving students.
Jerome L. Ettelson Scholarship Fund. A gift
of $30,000 in 1974 by the Susan and Jerome
Ettelson Foundation provided an endowment,
the income from which is to be used, under the
discretion of the Dean to provide scholarships
to students showing promise of academic
excellence. Mr. Ettelson is a member of the
Class of 1941.
Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The
estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for
a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund
at the School of Law. The scholarship is a
memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne
of the Class of 1866, whose father was the
founder of the Law School.
George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship
Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received
from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to
endow a scholarship fund in memory of the
testator's late son, who was a member of the
Law School class which entered in 1939.

Illinois Governor Dan Walker, '50, greets fellow alumni at annual dinner of the Alumni Association.

53

�C. Lysle Sm.ith Scholarship. Contributions
during his lifetime by the late C. Lysle Smith
of the Class of 1920 together with further
contributions by a group of his friends and
associates have established a fund to provide
scholarship assistance to a student or students
selected by the Dean.
Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust
with a principal amount of $240,000 under the
will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class
of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of
assisting students throughout the period of their
undergraduate and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have been
named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate
years and have maintained their scholastic
standing.
Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The
sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to
Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn
in memory of her husband, the income from
the fund to be given as scholarships to students
in the School of Law in such amounts as the
President of the University or the Dean of the
School of Law may determine.
Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $25,000 established by
Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her
husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875,
is awarded annually to deserving students who,
but for such aid, would not be able to pursue
law study.
Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954,
Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a
gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income
from which is applied annually to aid one or
more worthy students in the Law School who,
but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a
legal education. In 1964, the principal of the
fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from
The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation.
Amounts granted, within the discretion of the
Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose
of paying tuition and other expenses.
Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The
income from a fund of $25,000 given in
memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow,
Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter,
Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually
to a deserving student from Illinois or
Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be
able to pursue the study of law. Judge
Thompson served on the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of
54

the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was
a member of the Board of Governors of the
American Bar Association, and was actively
interested in the Law School during much of
his distinguished career.
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship.
In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams,
distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate
student of the School of Law (1908-09), his
wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams, established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a
law student of high character and ability in
need of financial assistance.
Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B.
Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963
established in the Law School an unrestricted
trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B.
Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has
directed that the income from this unrestricted
trust be used to provide scholarships for
qualified and needy students in the School.
Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $25,000 established
by a bequest of the late Irene V. McCormick,
supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss
McCormick, is awarded to financially needy
students residing in the Chicago area.
Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The
income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late
Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the
Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship
aid for worthy and needy students.
Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income
from a fund of $50,000 contributed by the
alumni of the School is utilized as a scholarship
awarded annually to a deserving law student.
Ware Scholarship. The income from a
$10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to
establish a scholarship in memory of her son,
Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was
killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the
Argonne offensive, is available annually to a
student of high scholastic standing and good
character who is in need of financial assistance
to obtain a good legal education.
Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In
memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young,
distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD.,
1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De
Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs.
Herbert V.) have established a scholarship
through a gift to the University of $10,000.
The income from this fund is awarded to a

�student in the School of Law who is in need
of financial assistance and gives promise of
becoming an outstanding and worthy member
of the bar of Illinois.
Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $7,000 given by
the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded
annually to a student deserving financial
assistance.
Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph
H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of
$10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish
a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise
Wright. Income from the fund is used to
provide scholarships for needy and worthy
students.
Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From
the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will
of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is
awarded annually to a student of character,
ability, promise, and financial need.
City Products Corporation Scholarship.
Since 1963, the City Products Corporation of
Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant
to provide a scholarship in the Law School for
the training of a deserving and financially needy
student.
Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original
unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late
Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased
by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone.
Commencing in September 1971, for a period
of not less than five nor more than ten years,
the fund is to be used to provide annual
scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000
nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students
until the principal and accumulation of the
fund are exhausted.
Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $5,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Wellington
Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship
for a needy law student who has been a
resident of Chicago not less than ten years.
George M. Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts
totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School
at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane.
The Dean has directed that these gifts be
utilized to provide scholarship assistance to
worthy and needy students over a period of
years.
Chicago Title and Trust Company
Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total
of $89,500 has been contributed by the
Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation

in the form of annual gifts used for
scholarships in the School of Law.
Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of
Law. From the income of a bequest in the will
of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of
$250 has been established and is awarded
annually.
Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income
from an endowment established by the Chicago
Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is
awarded annually to a student in the Law
School.
Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from
a fund established by the Class of 1954 is
awarded annually to a student in need of
financial assistance.
Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships.
The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles
contributes an amount each year for law
scholarship purposes, based upon the number
of Northwestern alumni employed by the
company.
Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund.
From the income of a gift of Ernest U.
Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship
assistance is awarded annually to a student who
from the standpoint of character, ability,
promise, and financial need deserves financial
assistance.
Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund.
From the income from a bequest by the late
Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896,
scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a
student of high character and ability who is in
need of financial assistance.
David T. Campbell Fund. From the income
from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell
of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is
awarded annually to students of character and
ability in need of financial assistance.
Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S.
Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an
endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the
income from which is to be expended annually
for the purchase of books by financially needy
students for use in their class work.
Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund
was established by friends of the late Mahlon
Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase
books to be used each year by a freshman
scholarship student of outstanding
accomplishments and in need of financial
assistance who is selected by the Dean.
Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The
annual income from a trust fund established by
55

�the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a
scholarship for a worthy student in the Law
School.
Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship.
In October 1963, the American Federation of
Television and Radio Artists made a
contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for
the purpose of endowing a scholarship
honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr.,
a member of the Class of 1961. Mr.
Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the
Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963
while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval
Reserve. The Federation has provided that the
income from the endowment should be
awarded annually to a deserving student in the
Law School who is a veteran of the armed
forces or the son or close relative of a
veteran of the armed forces.
The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund.
$500 is awarded annually by the Jewish
Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy
student in the Law School who is in need of
financial assistance.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000
to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her
late husband, a member of the Class of 1916.
Income from the gift provides scholarship
support for a student from Hawaii, selected by
the Dean from among those enrolled in the
School. In years when no award is made,
income is added to principal.
Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $10,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor
is awarded to a deserving law student.
Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund.
Students, faculty members, and other friends
established this fund in memory of Alan H.
Novogrod, Class of 1971. Income from the
fund is used to provide scholarship support for
deserving minority group students.
Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald
Deller established a trust of $10,000 to. provide
a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele
Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a
great admirer of John Henry Wigmore.
Income from the trust fund is to be used
annually to provide a scholarship for a needy
and worthy student who is studying, among
other subjects, those subjects relating to social
welfare law.
Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships. The
Weymouth Kirkland Law Scholarships, named

.

.

56

for Weymouth Kirkland, a prominent Chicago
lawyer for many years who died in 1965, are
designed to aid worthy students to further their
legal education. The scholarships consist of
annual grants of tuition plus, in appropriate
cases, an annual allowance for living expenses
up to $1,000. Recipients must be legal residents
of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, or Wisconsin and must attend a law school in one
of these five states. Selection is by a special
committee. For further information and application forms, candidates should write directly
to the Weymouth Kirkland Foundation, 200
East Randolph Drive, 57th Floor, Chicago,
Illinois 60601.
Chicago Bar Foundation Scholarship. In
1974, the Chicago Bar Foundation established
a scholarship fund for students at Northwestern
and other Chicago law schools. The scholarships are to be awarded to students with
financial need as selected by the Dean.

LOANS
Among the sources of Law School loan
funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris
Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger
Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law
School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law
Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation
Loan Funds.
In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the
Class of 1921 , in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and
Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor
of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for
loans to deserving students in need of financial
assistance.
Northwestern University's new Income
Protection Student Loan Program is an effort
on the part of the University to assist the
individual student in defraying part of the
student's present educational costs. Through
this program a student may qualify for loans
under the Federally Insured Student Loan
Program. Further information may be obtained
through the Office of Admissions.
The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers
educational Joans to eligible students through
banks or other commercial lenders.
Information about this program is available
at the applicant's local bank.
The Illinois Bar Foundation has established
a student loan fund. Specific information about
the loans may be obtained from the Office of
Admissions.

��GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES
The graduate program of the Law School has
several objectives. One purpose is to offer to
recent law graduates who have demonstrated
superior proficiency in the study of law as well
as to active practitioners, an opportunity not
only to broaden their legal knowledge but also
to study and engage in research in particular
fields of interest. The School also desires to
make its facilities available to law teachers and
prospective law teachers interested in advanced
study and original research and writing under
faculty guidance. In addition, the program is
intended to provide outstanding graduates of
foreign law schools with an opportunity to
expand .their knowledge of American legal
processes and to engage in comparative legal
research.

ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY
AND TO CANDIDACY FOR
ADVANCED DEGREES
The admission of students who have been
awarded a first degree in law to graduate study
or to candidacy for the degree of Master of
Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the
discretion of the Committee on Graduate
Studies.
Experience indicates that foreign students
whose native language is not English have great
difficulty in meeting the requirements unless
they have a good command of written and
spoken English.
Application forms and additional
information may be secured by writing to the
Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern
University School of Law, 357 East Chicago
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

DEGREES
Two graduate degrees are granted: the
degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) and the
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.)
Master of Laws (LL.M.) The degree of
Master of Laws is conferred upon students who
have obtained a first degree in law from this
University or another having equivalent
requirements; in unusual cases, this
58

requirement may be waived by a vote of the
faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the
following requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year
of residence in this School, during which time
credit must be obtained for not less than 10
semester-hours in courses or seminars not
previously counted toward the first degree in
law. Students who have not previously taken,
for their first degree in law, a course or seminar
in the general field of jurisprudence must
include such work in their program.
Each graduate student's course program is
individually planned in relation to the
student's choice of a thesis topic. To the
extent necessary to establish a background for
his research, the Graduate Committee may at
its discretion require a graduate student to take
course and seminar work in addition to the
minimum prescribed above. During their year
of residence, graduate students are required to
maintain a superior scholarship record.
2. The completion of a thorough study of
some approved legal topic and the presentation
of a paper embodying its results. The
candidate's thesis must be suitable for
publication in the Northwestern University
Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology.
3. The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) The
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is
conferred upon students who have obtained the
degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other
university or college having equivalent
requirements for that degree or who have
obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from
another university or college whose
requirements for that degree are equivalent to
those prescribed by this School for the degree
of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the
following requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year of
residence in this School. The time required for
the completion of a candidate's work, however,
normally runs far beyond the period of
residence required.

�2. The completion of a study to be
approved by the faculty or its designated
committee. This study shall be one involving
original research and must be completed in
such manner, both as to subject matter and
literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the
faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution
to legal science.
3. The completion of such other work, if
any, as may be directed by the Dean in the
particular case.
4 . The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Faculty policy restricts this degree to
candidates who have had substantial experience
either in practicing or teaching law and who,
through published writings, have evidenced
their capacity for advanced graduate work.

TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES

Full information concerning tuition and fees
for graduate study appears on preceding pages.
The expenses of an unmarried student for
the academic year, including books, board and
room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition
and fees) should be estimated as a minimum
at $3 ,500.
Accommodations for both married and

unmarried graduate students are available on
the University's Chicago campus.

GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS
Two James Nelson Raymond International
Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis
to foreign applicants interested in any field of
legal study, including international legal
studies. Each fellowship presently provides for
the payment of tuition plus $3,500 for books
and living expenses.
The Anna L. and James Nelson Raymond
Fellowship in a similar amount is awarded on a
competitive basis to a United States applicant.
The fellowships provide for payment of tuition
and fees; the balance of $3,500 is paid to the
student in 10 installments, the first on
September 15.
Normally, fellowships are not awarded to
foreign students who already have spent a year
in this country under another scholarship grant.
The fellowships are granted for one year only.
Fellowships do not provide for travel
expenses. A student must make his own travel
arrangements. A successful fellowship
applicant should also bring sufficient funds for
personal expenses from the time of arrival until
September 15.

�"Old Northwestern!
That's where we learned our law."
-uThe Counsellor's Chorus,u
John Henry Wigmore, Dean
1901-29

THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI
The associations formed in the years of study
at the Law School are lifelong. The School,
through its Placement Service, offers assistance
to the graduate in finding a position which
promises satisfaction both in economic terms
and in self-realization and contribution.
The School's alumni assist in keeping alive
memories and friendships of student days and
provide the support so important to the School.

PLACEMENT
At graduation the Northwestern law student
joins the century-long procession of Law
School alumni. A wide range of choice is open.
To provide its graduates with advice, guidance,
and a broad selection of opportunities for their
legal careers, the Law School maintains a
placement service under the direction of the
Assistant Dean of Placement.
Through general announcements to the
profession and particular inquiries, the
Placement Service gathers information on
professional opportunities and openings,
compiles complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective
graduates, and posts announcements of new
openings to keep the student's information
current.
While there are many who practice law, the
demand for well-trained, able young lawyers
has not diminished. The rising level of starting
salaries gives evidence of the professional need.
Each year the Placement Service receives
inquiries and requests from numerous law
firms, corporations, and government agencies.
A majority of the Law School's alumni are
engaged in the private practice of law. Some
have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others
have settled in cities and towns throughout the
United States. In large firms and in individual
60

practice, Northwestern graduates rank as
leaders of the bar in every state in the nation
and in many foreign countries. In service to
their profession and their clients, they have
occupied the presidencies of the American,
state, and local bar associations.
Not all alumni elect the rewards of private
practice. Furthering a strong tradition of
public service, a number of those in each
graduating class accept positions with
government at the national, state, or local level.
Working with prosecuting and investigating
agencies, on government boards and
commissions, and on the staffs of government
departments, they are often vested with major
responsibilities and acquire wide experience
early in their professional lives. After a period
of government service, many enter private
practice, where their experience in government
is of great value. Others make public service
a career and attain high public office, elective
or appointive.
The roster of Law School alumni includes
past and present governors and United States
senators, cabinet members, department heads,
United Nations representatives, diplomats,
mayors, attorneys general, prosecutors,
legislators, and government advisers.
In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates
have served with distinction on the benches of
the highest courts; both federal and state. For
the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of
the federal and state courts.
Through the years, Northwestern, for its
size, has contributed more than its share of the
nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined
the faculties of nearly all the major law schools
in the United States, and many have served as
deans, university presidents, and leaders in
other branches of education.

�An expanding field of opportunity beyond
the limits of traditional practice is offered the
Law School graduate interested in business,
industry, and finance. In increasing recognition
of the values of legal training, corporations,
banks, and companies in a wide range of
enterprise seek Law School graduates not only
for their legal staffs but for executive positions.
Attractive starting salaries and opportunities
for advancement in management have
combined to draw a substantial number of
graduates of the Law School. Alumni have
risen to principal executive posts in many of
the nation's largest corporations in such fields
as transportation, oil, retailing, insurance,
finance, public utilities, and manufacturing.
Graduating students must make their own
choice from the array of professional

opportunities open to them. It is the function
of the Law School's Placement Service to assist
seniors in exploring the possibilities and help
in arranging the necessary contacts.
Each year a large number of law firms from
major cities throughout the United States send
members of the firm to the Law School to
interview advanced students. Government
agencies, corporations, and banks also send
representatives to the School for interviews.
Beyond its service to current graduates, the
Placement Service also seeks to provide
temporary placement of students with law firms
and government agencies for summer vacation
periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the
placement of alumni of earlier years who are
returning from military service or are seeking
a change of position.

Governor Dale Bumpers of Arkansas, '51, addressing Alumni Association members at their annual
dinner.

�THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed
the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they
commemorated the Law School's centennial by
contributing substantially to the construction
of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L.
Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts
to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships
and significant support for the general program
of the School.
Many alumni assist directly in the
educational program. A number serve as
judges in the Moot Court program. In
addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw

President
1st Vice-President
2nd Vice-President
3rd Vice-President
Secretary
Treasurer
Immediate Past President

upon their practical experience and special
knowledge in particular fields of law by
participating in course work or addressing
student groups. They render invaluable
assistance in connection with the placement
program.
Each year alumni reunions are held during
the meetings of the American Bar Association
and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an
alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago
with a prominent guest speaker.

OFFICERS 1973-74

OFFICERS 1974-75

Earl E. Pollock, '53
Patrick W. O'Brien, '50
Raymond I. Suekoff, '33
Francis J. McConnell, '53
Abraham Fishman, '32
Thomas J. Murphy, '66
Henry W. Kenoe, '31

Patrick W. O'Brien, '50
Raymond I. Suekoff, '33
Francis J. McConnell, '53
A. Arthur Davis, '52
William McKittrick, '39
Richard S. Trenkmann, '67
Earl E. Pollock, '53

Regional Vice-Presidents

Richard J. Flynn, '53, Dist. of Columbia
Harry R. Horrow, '34, San Francisco
Helmer R. Johnson, '37, New York City
Laurence E. Oliphant, Jr., '34, Cleveland
Norman M. Sevin, '56, Miami Beach
James Henderson, '48, Phoenix
Paul Ziffren, '38, Los Angeles

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Terms Expiring in 1974
Milton L. Fisher, '49
Hon. Julius J. Hoffman, '15
William R. Jordan, '48
George M. Keane, '38
William W. McKittrick, '39
Richard S. Trenkman, '67

Terms Expiring in 1976
Esther 0. Kegan, '36
Richard A. Jenkins, '53
Hon. Cecil A. Partee, '46
Robert W. Patterson, '60
Elroy C. Sandquist, '50
Harold D. Shapiro, '52

Terms Expiring in 1978
Isidore Brown, '15
James C. Hardman, '61
George Kelm, '54
Timothy C. Klenk, '67
Milton A. Kolar, '39
Russell H. Matthias, '32

Terms Expiring in 1975
Franklin A. Chanen, '57
Jerome L. Ettelson, '41
Paul Gerden, '40
Crane C. Hauser, '50
Barnet Hodes, '21
Mark E. MacDonald, '67

Terms Expiring in 1977
William W. Brady, '40
John J. Crown, '55
Francis J. McConnell, '53
James T. Otis, '51
Ray J. Schoonhoven, '48
L. Shirley Tark, '16

Terms Expiring in 1979
Carol Thigpen, '73
Ronald Kennedy, '73
Edwin 0. Wack, '39
Robert B. Oxtoby, '48
Richard Kelly, '51
A. Charles Lawrence, '31

62

�OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF
UNIVERSITY OFFICERS
Robert H . Strotz, Ph.D., President of the
University
Raymond W. Mack, Ph.D., Provost
William S. Kerr, Vice-President and Business
Manager
Arthur T. Schmehling, C .P.A., Vice-President and
Controller
John E. Fields, M.B.A., Vice-President for
Development
David Mintzer, Ph.D., Vice-President for Research
and Dean of Science
Oglesby Paul, M.D ., Vice-President for Health
Sciences
Jim G. Carleton, Ph.D., Vice-President for
Student Affairs
Laurence H . Nobles, Ph.D., Dean of
Administration
William H. Thigpen, J .D., General Counsel
J. Roscoe Miller, M.D. , LLD., Sc.D., LH.D. ,
Chancellor Emeritus
Payson S. Wild, Ph.D., LLD. , Litt.D. , Pro vost
Emeritus
Harry L Wells, B.S., LL.D., Vice-President
Emeritus

LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS
James A. Rahl, B.S., J.D., Dean
Francis 0. Spalding, B.A. , J .D., Associate Dean
Edward H . Palmer, LL.B ., Associate Dean
Thomas N. Edmonds, M.B.A., Assistant Dean
Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S. , LL.B., Assistant Dean
Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Assistant Dean
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.L.S., Librarian

FACULTY
Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Ox?n,), J.D.,
Associate Professor of law
John H. Beckstrom, B.A., M.A., J.D., LL.M.,
Professor of Law
Robert W. Bennett, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law
William C. Chamberlin, A.B., M.A., Ph.D., LL.B.,
Associate Professor of Law
Robert Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor
of Law and Director of Research
Anthony A. D'Amato, A.B., LL.B., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law
Karl de Schweinitz, B.A., Ph.D., Professor
of Economics and Law
Eugene Z. DuBose, Jr., A.B., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law

Thomas L. Eovaldi, B.S., LLB., Professor of Law
and Assistant Dean
Mayer G. Freed, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor
of Law
Norman M. Garland, B.S., J.D., LLM., Associate
Professor of Law (on leave 1974-75)
Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A. , M.A., J.D.,
Visitin g Assistant Professor of Law
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Visiting
Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director,
Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic
Stephen B. Goldberg, A.B., LL.B., Professor of
Law
Steven Goldman, A.B., LL.B., Associate
Professor of Law (on leave 1974-75)
Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
James B. Haddad, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Professor of
Law
Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LLB., LL.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus
John P. Heinz, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law
Donald S. Hilliker, B.S., J.D., Visiting Assistant
Professor of Law and Assistant Dean
Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J.D., Professor
of Law
Joyce A. Hughes, B.A., J .D. , Visiting Associate
Professor of Law
Jonathan M. Hyman, A.B., LL.B., Visiting
Assistant Professor of Law and Co-Director,
Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic
Fred E. Inbau, B.S., LLB., LLM., John Henry
Wigmore Professor of Law
Rene N . Joliet, Docteur en Droit, LLM., S.J.D .,
Visiting Associate Professor of Law (2nd sem.
1973-74)
Ronald E. Kennedy, B.A., J.D., Assistant
Professor of Law
Vance N. Kirby, A.B., LLB., Professor of Law
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J.D., B.LS., Librarian
and Professor of Law
Brunson MacChesney, B.A., J.D., Edna B. a'nd
Ednyfed H . Williams Memorial Professor of
Law and Director of Graduate Studies
Nathaniel L Nathanson, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D.,
Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law
Alexander Nekam, LLB., J.U.D., S.J.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer
Dawn Clark Netsch, B.A., J .D., Professor of Law
James A. Rahl, B.S., J .D. , Dean and Owen L.
Coon Professor of Law
Martin H. Redish, A.B., J.D., Assistant Professor
of Law
Harry B. Reese, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law
John Ritchie, B.S., LLB., J.S.D., Dean Emeritus
and John Henry Wigmore Professor of Law
Emeritus
63

�William R. Roalfe, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of
Law Emeritus
Victor G. Rosenblum, LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of
Law
David S. Ruder, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law
(on leave 1974-75)
Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Visiting Assistant
Professor of Law
Daniel M . Schuyler, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., Ph.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus and Lecturer
Paul E. Slater, B.A., J.D., Associate Professor
of Law
Francis 0. Spalding, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
and Associate Dean
Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A., M.A., J.D.,
LL.M., Associate Professor of Law
Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law

LECTURERS
Hon. Marvin E. Aspen, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on
Criminal Evidence
William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Accounting
James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Lecturer
on Criminal Evidence
George M. Burditt, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food
and Drug Law
Austin Fleming, A.B., J.D., Lecturer on Estate
Planning
Robert F. Hanley, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial
Practice
David C. Hilliard, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Herbert Jacob, B.A., M.A., Ph.D., Lecturer on
Empirical Research
Helen Hart Jones, A.B., LL.B., LL.M., Lecturer
on Women and the Law
Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L., J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Intellectual Property
Abner J. Mikva, J.D., Lecturer on Legislative
Process
Thomas L. Nicholson, B.A., J.D., Lecturer on the
Law of the Common Market
Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D.,
Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
Harold D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A.
Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and
Partnerships
James A. Sprowl, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Computers and the Law
John G. Stifler, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Trial
Practice
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Lecturer on Legal
Bibliography
64

Merrill S. Thompson, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on
Food and Drug Law
Timothy L. Tilton, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Intellectual Property
Robert L. Tucker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Urban
Housing Problems

TEACHING ASSOCIATE
Michael J. Elliott, B.A., B.C.L. (Oxon.)

ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION
Roxane M. Cayaloff, B.A.
Carolyn S. Cozad, B.A.
Kevin J. Egan, B.A.
Brent E. Gregory, A.B.
Walter M . Jones, B.A.
Ronald A. Lane, A.B.
Alan D . Levow, B.S.
Robert M. Mattson, A.B.
Jeffrey N. Pennell, B.S.
Joel B. Perzov, B.A.
James I. Singer, B.A.
Barry M. Wolfson, B.A.
Curtis E. Woods, B.A.

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Pat Alexander, Receptionist
Veena Bhatia, B.A., Secretary, Legal Publications
Pat Brandt, Faculty Secretary
Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Legal
Publications
Harriet G. Christiansen, Secretary, Legal
Publications
Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary
Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary
Janet Dudek, B.A., Department Assistant and
Placement Secretary
Kiyoko Fujiu, B.A., Secretary to the Assistant
Dean
Mary Ann Hoffman, Faculty Secretary
DeWitt Jackson, Pressworker
Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean
Lisa Jolley, Secretary to the Associate Dean
Dona M. Laketek, B.A., Admissions Counselor
Bernice F. LeBeau, B.S., Research Secretary
Nancy Maxwell, B.A., Registrar
Sarah Mingo, CPT Operator and Secretary
Dorothy Morton, A.A., Department Assistant
Jeanne Nowell, B.S., Alumni Coordinator
Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary
Beverly Rautenberg, B.A., Assistant to the
Registrar
Renee Rochon, Admissions Assistant
Elizabeth L. Simon, Department Assistant
Dorothy Slocum, Faculty Secretary
Francine Spearman, Faculty Secretary
Dorothy Taber, Faculty Secretary
Richard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction
Department
Lynette Williams, File Clerk

�NORTHWESTERN LEGAL
ASSISTANCE CLINIC
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J .D ., Co-Director
Jonathan M. Hyman, A.B., LL.B., Co-Director
Diane Crawford Geraghty, B.A., M.A., J.D., Staff
Attorney
Mark K. Schoenfield, B.S., J.D., Staff Attorney
Nancy Ketzenberg, Legal Worker

LIBRARY
Leon M. Liddell, B.A., J .D., B.LS., Librarian
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S., M.A., Assistant Librarian
and Head, Readers' Services Department
Stanley E. Horst, B.A., M.LS., Head, Technical
Services and Administrative Assistant
Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS.,
Head, Foreign and International Law Sections
Milada Weber, Dr. Jur., M.S. in LS., Head,
Classification and Cataloging Department
Regina Wallen, B.A., M.S. in LS., Government
Documents Librarian and Cataloger
Gail S. Munden, B.A., M.S. in L.S., Serials
Librarian
Timothy S. Pyne, B.A., M.LS., Evening
Circulation Librarian

Barbara E. Zimmerman, B.A., Cataloger
Amy Franke, Secretary
Maria C. Chase, Reference Assistant and Head
of Circulation
Donald M. Liszewski, B.A., Reference Assistant
in Charge of Stacks
Selma Krahn, Cataloging Assistant
Eugenia Weres, Cataloging Assistant
George L. Lee, Library Assistant
Marcelino P. Catuira, LLB., Cataloging Assistant
Rosita C. Ramos, B.S.E., Cataloging Assistant
Frank J. Daniels, B.A., Reference Assistant
Marta Olszanska, Library Assistant
Martha Odell, B.A., Library Assistant

PROGRAM IN LAW AND IBE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB., Ph.D., Director
Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary

COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM
Peter J . Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon), J.D.,
Director

CALENDAR FOR 1974-75
1974

Sept. 4
Sept. 5
Nov. 27
Dec. 2
Dec. 21

Wed., 9:00 a .m.
Thu., 8:30 a.m.
Wed ., 5:55 p.m.
Mon., 8 :30 a.m .
Sat., noon

Registration and orientation for new students
Classes begin
Thanksgiving recess begins
Classes resume
Classes end; Christmas recess begins

Wed.-Sat./Mon.-Fri.
Mon., 8:30 a.m.
Sat., noon
Mon., 8:30 a.m.
Sat., noon
Wed.-Sat./ Mon.-Sat.
Sat.

Examination period
Second semester classes begin
Spring recess begins
Classes resume
Classes end
Examination period
One Hundred and Seventeenth Annual Commencement

1975

Jan. 8-17
Jan. 27
March 22
March 31
May 17
May 21-31
June 14

SCHEDULES AND HOURS
Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m.
The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term.
The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m . to 11 p.m. Monday through Friday,
from 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Saturday, and from 12 noon to 11 p.m. on Sunday.

65

�WHERE TO WRITE
Address all Law School mail to:

Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611

Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below
to the specific Law School offices indicated:
Office of Admissions

Admission to the regular session for students seeking
the J.D. degree:
Applications, including applications to transfer
Requests for forms or informatiori
Recommendations
Financial assistance information for candidates for the
J.D. degree
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program

Registrar

Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in
a law school
Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the
Law School

Program in Law and the Social Sciences

Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to
the J.D. and a Ph.D. should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program
in Law and the Social Sciences

Committee on Graduate Studies

Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree
or equivalent
Graduate fellowships

Placement Service

Placement of students and graduates

Law Alumni Association

Alumni affairs other than placement service

For information on campus housing, write:
Manager, Abbott Hall
710 North Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60611

66

�ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
A total of 182 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled
in the School of Law in 1973-74.
Albion College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Allegheny College . . . . . . . . . .
American University . . . . . . .
Amherst College . . . . . . . . . . .
Augustana College . . . . . . . . .
Ball State University . . . . . . .
Beloit College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Blackburn College . . . . . . . . .
Boston College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Boston University . . . . . . . . . .
Bowdoin College . . . . . . . . . . .
Brandeis University . . . . . . . .
Brigham Young University ..
Brown University . . . . . . . . . .
California Institute of
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
California State . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of California . . . .
Calvin College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carleton College . . . . . . . . . . .
Carlow College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Carnegie-Mellon . . . . . . . . . . .
Case Western Reserve . . . . . .
Ca tholic University . . . . . . . .
Chaminade College . . . . . . . .
Chicago State . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Chicago . . . . . .
Chicago Teachers College . .
University of Cincinnati . . . .
Christian Brothers College . .
Claremont College . . . . . . . . .
Clark College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Cleveland State University . .
Colby College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Colorado . . . . .
Columbia University . . . . . . .
University of Connecticut . .
Cornell College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Creighton University . . . . . . .
Dartmouth College . . . . . . . .
Davidson College . . . . . . . . . .
University of Dayton . . . . . .
University of Delaware . . . .
Denison University . . . . . . . .
University of Denver . . . . . .
De Paul University . . . . . . . .
DePauw University . . . . . . . .
Douglass College . . . . . . . . . . .
Drake University . . . . . . . . . .
University of Dubuque . . . . .
Duke University . . . . . . . . . . .
Eastman School of Music . . .
Emery University . . . . . . . . . .
Fairfield College . . . . . . . . . . .
Florida State . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fordham University . . . . . . .
Georgetown University . . . . .
George Washington . . . . . . . .
University of Georgia . . . . . .
Goucher College . . . . . . . . . . .
Grinnell College . . . . . . . . . . .
Guilford College . . . . . . . . . . .
Hampton Institute . . . . . . . . .
Hanover College . . . . . . . . . . .
Harpur College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Harvard University . . . . . . . .

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University of Hawaii ...... .
Hofstra University . . ...... .
Holy Cross . . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .
Hope College ....... . .. ... .
Howard University ........ .
Illinois Benedictine College
Illinois Institute of
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Illinois . . .... .
Illinois Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . .
Indiana University . . . . . . . . .
Iona College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Iowa Wesleyan . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Iowa . . . . . . . . .
Jamestown College . . . . . . . . .
John Carroll University . . . .
Johns Hopkins University . .
Kalamazoo College . . . . . . . . .
Kansas State College . . . . . . .
University of Kansas . . . . . . .
Kent State University . . . . . .
University of Kentucky . . . .
Kenyon College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Knox College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lake Forest College . . . . . . . .
Lincoln University . . . . . . . . .
Loras College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Loyola University (Chicago) .
Luther College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Macalester College . . . . . . . . .
MacMurray College . . . . . . . .
Marquette University . . . . . .
Marshall University . . . . . . . .
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Massachusetts.
McPherson College . . . . . . . .
University of Miami (Ohio) .
University of Miami
(Florida) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Michigan State . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Michigan ... ..
University of Minnesota . . . .
University of Missouri . . . . .
Monmouth College . . . . . . . .
Mundelein College . . . . . . . . .
University of Nebraska . . . . .
New College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of New Mexico . .
Newcomb College . . . . . . . . . .
New York University . . . . . . .
New York (Buffalo) . . . . . . . .
North Carolina State . . . . . . .
University of North Carolina
North Central College . . . . .
Northern Illinois University .
Northwestern University . .. .
University of Notre Dame ..
Oberlin College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio State University . . . . . .
University of Ohio . . . . . . . . .
University of Oregon . . . . . .
Parsons College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania State University
University of Pennsylvania..
University of Pittsburgh . . .

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Pomona College . . . . . . . . . . .
Princeton University . . . . . . .
Purdue University . . . . . . . . .
Queens College . . . . . . . . . . . .
R adcliffe College . . . . . . . . . .
University of Redlands . . . .
Reed College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Regis College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rensselaer Polytechnic
Institute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Rhode Island .
Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Rochester . . . .
Rockford College . . . . . . . . . .
Roosevelt University . . . . . . .
Rosary College . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Edward's College . . . . . . .
St. Francis College . . . . . . . . .
St. John's University (Minn.)
St. Mary of Notre Dame . . .
St. Mary of the Woods . . . . .
St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Procopius College . . . . . .
San Diego State College . . . .
University of Santa Clara . .
Sarah Lawrence College . . . .
Shimer College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Smith College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Southern Illinois University.
Southern Methodist
University . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Stanford University . . . . . . . .
State University of
New York .... . .. . . . .. . . .
Swarthmore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Syracuse University . . . . . . . .
Texas Christian University. .
Tougaloo University . . . . . . .
Trinity College (Conn.) . . . .
Trinity College (Wash. D.C.)
Tufts University . . . . . . . . . . .
Tulane University . . . . . . . . .
Union College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utah State University . . . . . .
University of Utah . . . . . . . .
Valparaiso University . . . . . .
Vanderbilt University . . . . . .
Vassar College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Vermont . . . . .
Washington and Jefferson . .
University of Washington . .
Washington University (Mo.)
Wayne State . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . .
Wells College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wesleyan University . . . . . . .
Western Illinois University ..
Western Kentucky University
Western Michigan University
Wheaton College (Ill.) . . . . .
Williams College . . . . . . . . . .
University of Wisconsin . . . .
Wooster College . . . . . . . . . . .
Xavier College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yeshiva College . . . . . . . . . . . .

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67

�INDEX
Abbott Hall, 10, 66
Academic regulations, 19
Administration, 63
Admission, 47
graduate study, 58
Alumni, 60
Application fee, 50, 59
Application procedures, 47, 52
Attendance, 19
Buildings, 6
Black Law Students Association, 46
Calendar, 65
Classes, 13
Classrooms, 7
Colleges and universities represented, 67
Combined J.D.-M.M. Program, 18
Corporate Counsel Institute, 41
Course descriptions, 24
Course of instruction, 13
Course load, 20
Course numbering codes, 20
Curriculum, 21, 24; three-year, 17
Data assembly service, 47
Degrees, first, 20; graduate, 58
Endowed programs, 38
Enrollment, limited, 20
Examinations, 19
Expenses, 50, 59
Extended study program, 49
Facilities, 10
Faculty, 14, 63
Fees, 50, 59
Financial assistance, 52
Graduate fellowships, 59
Graduate study and degrees, 58
Graduation requirements, 19
Grants, 52
Health service, 11
Honor Code, 46
Honors and prizes, 37
Housing, 10, 66
International legal studies, 59
J.D .-M.M. program, 18
J .D .-Ph.D. program, 18
Joint degree program in Law/Social Sciences, 18
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 37, 43
Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 45
Junior Bar Association, 45
Law Alumni Association, 62
Law and Social Sciences, 18
Law Review, 37, 44
Law School Admission Test, 47

68

Law Mates, 46
Legal Assistance Clinic, 41
Legal publications, 43
Legal writing skills, 16
Library, 7
Library Funds, 9
Linthicum Foundation Program, 41
Loans, 56
Location of campuses, 5
Medical service, 11
Methods of instruction, 14
Case method, 14
Problem method, 15
Clinical training and practice, 15
Seminars, 16
Legal writing skills, 16
Senior Research Program, 16
M .M .-J .D . combined program, 18
Moot Court, 45
Northwestern University Law Review, 37, 44
Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 63
Order of the Coif, 37
Ph.D.-J.D . combined program, 18
Placement, 60
Pre-legal study, 49
Publications, 43
Rebates, 51
Refunds, 51
Research assistantships, 46
Rosenthal Lectures, 38
Schedule, typical, 13
Scholarships, 52
School, the (history), 5
Seminars, 16, 22, 23
Senior Research Program, 16, 24
Sociolegal studies, 18
Student activities, 43
Student deposit account, 51
Student government, 45
Student health, 11
Student residence, 10, 66
Supplemental programs, 38
Corporate Counsel Institute, 41
Legal Assistance Clinic, 41
Linthicum Foundation Program, 41
Rosenthal Lectures, 38
Other endowed programs, 41
Three-year curriculum, 17
Transfer students, 48
Tuition, 50, 59
Visits to the School, 48
Voluntary legal services, 41
Women's Caucus, 46
Withdrawal, 51

�I.
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5
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7 Thorne Hall (a .
8 Abbott Hall ( u~1torium)
9 ~esley_ Pavili~e~.'dJ~ce)
10 Pa:;a":Ial Hospital nhwestern
Me
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11 I monal Hospital, onhwestern
nstttute of Psychiatry

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Editors: Edward Hoyt p a Imer A
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13 ~~~a~~!er~ity Ce~t~~sp,tal

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16 Carriage
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17 Worcester ~use (residence)
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�Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest,
whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure,
whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good
report; if there be any virtue, and if there be any praise,
think on these things.
Philippians 4:8

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                <text>Chicago Campus Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop CONTENTS Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Curriculum Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Law Alumni Association Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Where Write Roster Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus Cover Stained Levy Hall Northwestern University' School Law Where David Dudley Field Law School LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Northwestern' School Law Law School Long Law School Law School Today Northwestern School THE SCHOOL Unlike Good There Jaw LOCATION OF fflE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop \ Chicago Here United States Court Appeals Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern Univer Living University Evanston Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management' Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University' Pick Staiger Concert Hall Foyer Gallery Fine Performing Arts Complex University Toward Eighties LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Superior Street Lake Shore Drive Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library School Dean James Rahl Owen Coon Chair Law Owen Coon Law University About Dean John Wigmore United States England School CLASSROOMS Law School Northwestern Lincoln Hall British House Commons School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation Northwestern Western Hemisphere School Faculty Library Law School Library' Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Latin American Holdings Roman Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments George Shaw Collection European Law Joseph Shaw LLB Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room Western Hemisphere Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove LIBRARY FUNDS University Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert Gary LLB Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LLB Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LLB Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LLB Mrs Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro Circuit Court Cook County Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund Paul Cutler Cutler Browsing Alcove Smart Family Foundation Two Law School Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Edwin Perkins Foundation Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School' Illinois School Law School On Separate Junior Bar Association Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition JBA Bookstore Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street Indiana On Facilities Floors School Law Rooms All Bed Plan Abbott Hall Trunks Abbott Hall Before Students Abbott Hall' Lake Michigan Hot Students Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Rental Bills Cashier' Office Abbott Hall Applications Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Two Rental Law School STUDENT HEALTH Entering Student Health Service Chicago Montgomery Ward Building Room Medical School Available Student Health Bulletin Supplemental Physicians' Student Health Service Room Acute Emergency Room Passavant Pavillion Northwestern Memorial Hospital Students Health Service Students Director Health Service Specialty Health Service Here Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class There Two Time Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone Today Torts Property Criminal Law Contracts Law School Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Comparative Law Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Their School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Under Northwestern Socratic Questions Problem Method Law School Here Perhaps Perhaps Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thorne Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic Moot Court Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Law School Seminars Seminars Here Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before • Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Senior Research Program • Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under Because Law School University University African Senior Research Program Faculty Indeed Senior Research Program School' THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School Here Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law Moot Court ' Thereafter Law School Moreover Civil Liberties Constitutional Law Comparative Law Jurisprudence Perhaps School' JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Northwestern University Ph Applicants Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Ave Chicago Ill THE COMBINED M PROGRAM Master Management Juris Doctor Graduate School Management School Law Under School Law Graduate School Management Similarly School Law Joint Every After School Management School Law ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs Regular Failure Dean EXAMINATIONS Regular Grades With Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Juris Doctor After Honors Satisfactory Credit Pass Honors • Senior Research • Participation Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Courses DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law Before University Juris Doctor School Law Graduation Requirements Northwestern University School Law Northwestern / Degrees Graduate Study Law COURSE LOAD Courses On LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Practice Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic School Trial Practice Clinic COURSE NUMBERING Law School Evidence Civil Procedure Law School University Law School University Procedure Practice Criminal Law Torts Contracts Contract Consequences Property Family Structure Arrangements Business Structure Regulation Taxation Governmental Structure Function Admiralty International Law Foreign Law Social Issues Jurisprudence Legal Philosophy Legal History Required Elective Upperclass Upperclass Seminar Seminar Clinical Senior Research Where Civil Procedure II CURRICULUM FffiST YEAR COURSES FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Required Contracts Contracts Il Courses Constitutional Law Criminal Law Legal Profession Moot Court * Moot Court Property Torts Torts II Elective Criminal Procedure** Course** International Law** Law Social Change** Total • Moot Court One William Ruckelshaus Administrator Environmental Protection Agency SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Listed FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Accounting Admiralty Courses Administrative Law Offered Advanced Business Asso Partnerships Administrative Law Antitrust Law Antitrust Law Business Planning Civil Procedure Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Clinical Trial Advocacy Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercial Paper Commercial Paper Conflict Laws Conflict Laws Corporations Corporation Finance Criminal Procedure Debtor Creditor Relations Decedents' Estates Decedents' Estates Trusts Trusts II Economics Lawyers Environmental Law Equity Restitution Equity Restitution Damages Damages Evidence Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Federal Corporate Income Tax Income Tax Federal Estate Federal Estate Gift Taxation Gift Taxation Federal Individual Federal Individual Income Tax Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law Labor Law Law Racism Law Social Change Public Private Control Real Estate Acquisition Land Use Disposition Regulated Industries Secured Transactions State Local Scientific Evidence Government Trademarks Trade Identity Securities Regulations Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice Trial Practice II Trial Practice &amp; II Welfare Litigation Women Law SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont' FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Civil Liberties Advanced Problems Seminars Constitutional Law Offered Class Actions Antitrust Law Policy Computers Law Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Evidence Criminal Evidence Criminal Law Current Problems Economic Development Empirical Research Political Modernization Law Employment Discrimination Estate Planning Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Federal Criminal Trial Practice Practice International Business Transactions Introduction Civil Law Food Drug Law Law Education Jurisprudence Law Psychiatry Law Ethics Law Common Market Law Psychiatry Legal Aspects Nation Building Africa Problems Law Medicine Problems Taxation Business Income Real Estate Development Urban Housing Problems Elective Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Courses Number Name Hours Course Course Credit Administrative Law International Protec Seminars Regulation Human Broadcasting Rights *** Advanced Problems Judicial Administrain Conflict Laws Juvenile Law Advanced Problems Securities Regu Labor Law Law Criminology African Law Law Poverty Comparative Law Law Ecology Global Environ Deceptive Trade Practices Legal History Economic Analysis Legislative Process Public Policy Research Urban Fiduciary Adminis Criminal Justice International State Local Antitrust Law Taxation Tax Policy International Organ ••• SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research Registrar' Office Director Research DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Second Semesters Messrs Barack Slater Elliott &amp; Assistants Instruction / One After Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Moot Court Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr Spalding Among Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs Reese Waltz Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Reese Civil Procedure Civil Procedure Materials Mr Redish Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Haddad Miss Hughes Mr Waltz Materials Mr Haddad Miss Hughes Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materials Evidence Mr Waltz FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Redish Mr Reese History Supreme Court Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course Messrs Garland Geraghty First Second Semesters Training Students' Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division Trial ' Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Hanley Mr Stifler Circuit Court Cook County Prerequisites Civil Procedure Evidence Materials TRIAL PRACTICE &amp; II Course Second Semester Miss Hughes SELECTED PROBLEMS IN LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Waltz Consideration Substantial Prerequisites Evidence Materials COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Roberts &amp; Sprowl Materials JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not CLASS ACTIONS Seminar First Semester Mr Reese Examination Consideration Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course Legal Clinic Staff First Semester Mr Hyman Co Required Legal Clinic Clinic Clinic Development Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Eovaldi Mr Geraghty Ms Geraghty Mr Hyman Mr Schoenfield Open Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Federal Defender Program United States Attorney' Office Better Government Association Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Prerequisite Clinical Practice Orientation Northwestern Legal Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Clinical Practice Orientation Preference Legal Clinic Clinic Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs Heinz Inbau Concepts Jaw Thompson Moenssens Cases Comments Criminal Law CRIMINAL PROCEDURE Course Second Semester Messrs Haddad Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkman Cases Comments Criminal Procedure SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester Mr Inbau Scientific Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Seminar Not CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Messrs Haddad &amp; Inbau CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar First Semester Second Semester Mr Aspen Mr Bronner Materials CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar Second Semester Mr Haddad Mimeographed RESEARCH IN URBAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Seminar Not FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Garland Discussion Federal Courts Students Federal Defender Panel Classroom Federal Defender Program Classroom Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW TORTS Course First Semester Messrs Redish Slater Protection Prosser Wade Cases Materials Torts Mr Redish Materials Mr Slater TORTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Rosenblum Torts Torts Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS CONTRACTS Course First Semester Messrs Bennett Childres Study Statute Frauds Contractual Attention Uniform Commercial Code Materials CONTRACTS II Course Second Semester Messrs DuBose Freed Contracts Uniform Commercial Code Farnsworth &amp; Honnold Commercial Law Mr DuBose Materials Mr Freed COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Freed Mr Chamberlin Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comment SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Hours First Semester Mr Gordon Secured Extensive Federal Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semester Mr Chamberlin Basics Keeton Insurance Law Basic Text Keeton Case Supplement Basic Text Insurance Law EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course First Semester Second Semester Mr DuBose Mr Childres Materials Mr DuBose Childres Equity Restitution Damages Cases Materials Mr Childres DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course Second Semester Mr Eovaldi Particular Outline Federal Bankruptcy Act Consideration Chapter XIII Bankruptcy Act Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND CONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Course First Semester Messrs Gordon Schuyler Introduction Historical Shelley' Casner Leach Cases Text Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Miss Hughes Mr Kennedy Materials PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester Mr Spalding On On Spalding Cases Materials Uses Environment ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course First Semester Mr D'Amato Problem Emphasis Materials INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course Second Semester Messrs Lungmus &amp; Tilton Survey Multilithed URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar Second Semester Mr Tucker Study Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Second Semester Mr Goldman David Urban Land Development SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY FAMILY LAW Course Second Semester Mr Beckstrom Paulson Wadlington Goebel Cases Domestic Relations DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester Messrs Beckstrom Chamberlin Intestate Materials Mr Beckstrom Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts Mr Chamberlin DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester Mr Schuyler Prerequisite DecedentJ' Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Second Semester Messrs Fleming &amp; Kirby Mr Fleming Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federal Corporate Income Tax Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs Barack Kennedy Attention Cary Cases Materials Corporations ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr Brady Principles Open Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Rahl Mr Slater Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Mr Hillman Smith Merrifield &amp; St Antoine Labor Relations Law Cases Materials TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs Hilliard &amp; Pattishall Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Pattishall Hilliard Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices DECEPTIVE TRADE PRACTICES Course Not REGULATED INDUSTRIES Course First Semester Mr Rosenblum Examination American Materials Emphasis Materials · SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr Hilliker Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisite Corporation Finance Jennings Marsh Securities Regulation CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Mr Barack Securities Act Materials ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporation Finance Materials BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporation Finance Federal Corporate Income Taxation Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Burditt &amp; Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Goodrich Cases Materials Food Drug Law EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION Seminar Mr Freed Second Semester Emphasis Students Classroom Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Not ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Messrs Rahl Second Semester &amp; Slater Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law Materials LABOR LAW Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Materials Mr Thompson FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Volume Mr Kirby Mr Thompson STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course Not FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Subchapter Selecting Prerequisite Federal Individual Income Tax Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Income Tax Volume Mr Kirby Wolfman Federal Income Taxation Business Enterprise Mr Thompson PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Second Semester Mr Thompson There Prerequisites Federal Individual Income Tax Federal Corporate Income Tax Materials TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs D'Amato Nathanson Materials Mr D'Amato Gunther Dowling Cases Material Constitutional Law Mr Nathanson Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor School ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Messrs Nathanson &amp; Rosenblum Second Semester Mr Bennett Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials Messrs Nathanson Rosenblum Materials Mr Bennett STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Mrs Netsch Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course Not ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Not ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Hours Second Semester Messrs Gordon &amp; Nathanson Supreme Court So Supreme Court Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr Nathanson Intensive Consideration Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENTAL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney Bases Leech Oliver &amp; Sweeney International Legal System CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr MacChesney Second Semester Mr Nekam Enforcement Brief Materials Mr MacChesney Reese Rosenberg Cases Conflict Laws Mr Nekam ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy &amp; Sharpe Cases Admiralty COMPARATIVE LAW Seminar Not INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Schwerin Studies Anglo American Continental Selected Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar Not LEGAL ASPECTS OF NATION BUILDING AFRICA Seminar Second Semester Mr Beckstrom African Westernization Both Western Anglo American Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr Barack American American Materials i mE LAW OF mE COMMON MARKET Seminar Second Semester Mr Nicholson European Economic Community Written Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions Atlantic Area INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Seminar Not INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS Seminar Not LAW ECOLOGY AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Seminar Not INTERNATIONAL ANTITRUST LAW Seminar Not ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONFLICT OF LAWS Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Messrs Heinz Hillman Consideration Specific Materials ECONOMICS FOR LAWYERS Course Second Semester Mr Schweinitz out Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course Not WELFARE LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Bennett Proposals Prerequisite Civil Procedure Materials LAW AND RACISM Course Second Semester Instructor United States Community Materials WOMEN AND THE LAW Course Second Semester Instructor Materials • CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester Mr Eovaldi Specific Model Consumer Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code Report National Commission Consumer Finance Multilithed ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Mr Schweinitz Materials ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Not LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar Second Semester Mr Rosenblum Analysis United States Materials PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar Second Semester Mr Waltz Selected Waltz Wadlington Problems Law Medicine LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar First Semester Mr DuBose Second Semester Mr Schneider Both Besides ' Materials JUVENILE LAW Seminar Not EMPIRICAL RESEARCH Seminar Second Semester Mr Jacob SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES LEGAL HISTORY Course Not JURISPRUDENCE Seminar Second Semester Mr Nekam Problems Legal Materials LAW AND ETHICS Seminar First Semester Mr D'Amato Frankena Ethics Wasserstrom Morality Law Devlin Enforcement Morals Wasserstrom War Morality Rachels Moral Problems SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF Order Coif Northwestern Northwestern Order Coif THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern University Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Second Journal Criminal Law Criminology WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Selection THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Income Frank Lowden Class Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income Barnet Hodes Class Law Local Government THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Law School AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE WARDS American Jurisprudence INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Prentice Hall Inc Federal Tax Guide Federal Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute' Trial Practice Institute National Moot Court Competition SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School' Law School Others School THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent Their School Rosenthal Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China Legal Systems Old New China Comparison Art Law Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren Supreme Court United States History Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc United Nations United Nations Adlai Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations Mr Stevenson International Relations International Law John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University Soviet Union International Law Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University On Understanding Supreme Court Little Brown Co John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan History Unjust Enrichment Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations World Law World Community United Nations United Nations World Community Little Brown Co Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judicial System Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials Robert Jackson Associate Justice Supreme Court United States Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University Adolf Berle Jr Professor Law Columbia University Century Capitalist Oscar Schachter Studies United Nations Institute Training Research UNITAR Rosenthal Lectures Revolution Harcourt Brace James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin Law Liberty Nineteenth Century Law Conditions Freedom Nineteenth Century United States University Wisconsin Press Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary General United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourt Circuit Individual Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations Papale Dean School Law Loyola University New Orleans Murder Principles Punishment Herbert Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation Ronald Press Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass Northwestern University Press Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract Northwestern University Press Rt Rev James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin Religion American Constitutions Northwestern University Press Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects Northwestern University Press Perspectives Court Supreme Court United States Participants Max Freedman William Beaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University Northwestern University Press Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines Suspect Society Northwestern University Press Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities Role Lawyer European Communities Northwestern University Press Judge Carl McGowan Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit Organization Judicial Power United States Northwestern University Press Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law Efficacy Law Northwestern University Press Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director Arms Control Disarmament Agency General Disarmament World Law Arthur Goldberg Justice Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future Northwestern University Press Willard Wirtz Law School Faculty United States Secretary Labor Labor Law Northwestern University Press Perspectives Justice Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University Northwestern University Press Equitable Sharing World Resources Oscar Schachter Director Studies United Nations Institute Training Research Former Director General Legal Division United Nations Northwestern University Press THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School American European Foundation Qumber Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation William Cary John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Walsh Fund Edwin Walsh Class Law School Albert Kocourek Fund Albert Kocourek Law School Warren Buckley Fund Warren Buckley Class Law School LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc Field Foundation Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Woods Charitable Fund Inc Legal Clinic Program Law School Northwestern University Chicago Third Rules Supreme Court Illinois CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually Northwestern Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Illinois Institute Continuing Legal Education Institute United States Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln STUDENT ACTIVITIES Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School School United States Students One Law School Law School Law Recollections Alumnus Class Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern Univ Law Review Selection Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal While Journal Members After Journal Those Annual Legal Publications / Faculty Ball Game Supreme Court Supreme Court Review Northwestern University Law Review One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Illinois Law Review University Chicago University Illinois Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Made Judge Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Justice Arthur Goldberg Justices Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall Potter Stewart Byron White William Rehnquist Supreme Court United States Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All Junior Bar Association United States Supreme Court Justice William Rehnquist Julius Miner Moot Court Law School Law School BA Law Day University Outstanding School JBA Speakers Program JBA Social HONOR CODE Law School' Honor Code Junior Bar Association Honor Code ' Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association Council Code Law School Law School THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS Women' Caucus Law School Caucus School Extended Study Program Women' Caucus Weekly Caucus Caucus BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association Law School BLSA Occasionally BLSA BLSA United States University BLSA Chicago RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS Research Assistants LAW MATES Law Mates Members Occasionally Mr Hoyne School Letter Henry Booth Law School JO ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL Law School United States School Law Admissions Committee Among Since Law School Consequently School APPLICATION PROCEDURE Application Office Admissions Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Students School Law Application Law School Law School Law School Data Assembly Service LSDAS Educational Testing Service Box Princeton LSDAS Educational Testing Service ETS Law School LSDAS LSDAS Law School Exceptions LSD AS Law School LSDAS Law School Admission Test Northwestern University School Law Information Educational Testing Service Educational Testing Service Box Princeton Law School LSDAS LSDAS LSDAS Northwestern University School Law Law School Admission Test Educational Testing Service Law School Data Assembly Service Law School Northwestern Law School VISITS TO THE SCHOOL Committee Admissions Since Assistant Dean Conferences Law School WHEN TO APPLY Applicants Committee Admissions All Any Committee Admissions Applicants See Applications Determinations Law School Admission Test Upon TRANSFER Juris Doctor Northwestern Generally Transfer Law School Admission Test Since Dean School Association American Law Schools EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing Law School Extended Study Program Extended Study Program Participating PRE LEGAL STUDY Law School Since College Accordingly Courses Studies English Apart He Ordinarily He TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Abbott Hall Law School Of TUITION FEES PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES Tuition Payments Cashier' Office Abbott Hall Division Student Finance Abbott Hall WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS Official Registrar School Law Students Students Regardless Ior Registrar Law School REBATES Information Northwestern Student Finance Office Abbott Hall Applications STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT University Cashier' Office Abbott Hall There Personal Cashier' Office University ID FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Law School assistanc However ' Some APPLICATION PROCEDURE Law School Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service GAPSFAS All GAPSF AS Application Financial Aid Academic Year GAPSFAS GAPSFAS Graduate Professional School Financial Aid Service Box Princeton New Jersey Law School SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS University Law School Northwestern George Quilici Scholarship Fund About School Mrs Virginia Quilici Judge George Quilici Dean Edwin Austin Scholarships Edwin Austin Class Law School Recipients Dean Advisory Committee Law School University John Henry Wigmore Scholarships Several Wigmore Scholars John Henry Wigmore Dean Law School Treatise Evidence Clarion DeWitt Hardy Scholarships Hardy Scholarship Clarion DeWitt Hardy School Speech Owen Coon Law School Class After Owen Coon Foundation School Mr Coon Foundation Law School Hardy Scholarships Scholars Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund John Henry Wigmore Club John Ritchie Dean Law School Income Dean Law School Shirley Tark Scholarship Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean Edwin Kitty Perkins Scholarship Fund Edwin Perkins Foundation Dean Jerome Ettelson Scholarship Fund Susan Jerome Ettelson Foundation Dean Mr Ettelson Class Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship Susan Hoyne Ingraham School Law Thomas Maclay Hoyne Class Law School George Enfield Frazer Jr Scholarship Grant George Enfield Frazer Law School Illinois Governor Dan Walker Alumni Association Lysle Sm Scholarship Contributions Lysle Smith Class Dean Francis Kosmerl Scholarships Francis Kosmerl Class Preference Kosmerl Scholars Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund Northwestern University Mrs Anna Coburn School Law President University Dean School Law Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund Mrs Minnie Newman Jacob Newman Class Charles Weinfeld Scholarships Charles Weinfeld Class Law School Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation Amounts Dean Law School Floyd Thompson Scholarship Floyd Thompson Mrs Floyd Thompson Mrs Goff Beach Jr Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs Edna Williams Virgil Day Scholarship Fund Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr Dean Law School School Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund Mrs Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean' Law Alumni Scholarship Fund School Ware Scholarship Mrs Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship Frederic De Young LLB LLD Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs Herbert University School Law Illinois Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund Anna Louise Raymond Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright Income Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund Elmer Smith City Products Corporation Scholarship Since City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois Law School Theodore Stone Scholarship Theodore Stone Class Mrs Stone Commencing Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund Wellington Walker Chicago George Keane Scholarship Law School George Keane Dean Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships Since Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law Mrs Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School Class Scholarship Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund Ernest Schroeter Class Thad Talcott Jr Scholarship Fund Thad Talcott Class David Campbell Fund David Campbell Class Blumberg Book Fund Nathan Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund Edna Folonie Law School Ernest Peter Strassburger Jr Scholarship American 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EXPENSES Full Accommodations University' Chicago GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States Normally Fellowships Old Northwestern uThe Counsellor' Chorus John Henry Wigmore Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School' School PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Placement Placement Service While Placement Service Law School' Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working After Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Northwestern Its United States Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni Graduating Law School' Placement Service United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago Governor Dale Bumpers Arkansas Alumni Association THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School' Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School Moot Court American Bar Association Chicago OFFICERS Earl Pollock Patrick O'Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Henry Kenoe Patrick O'Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Arthur Davis William McKittrick Richard Trenkmann Earl Pollock Richard Flynn Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson Laurence Oliphant Jr Norman Sevin James Henderson Paul Ziffren BOARD OF DIRECTORS Milton Fisher Hon Julius Hoffman William Jordan George Keane William McKittrick Richard Trenkman Franklin Chanen Jerome Ettelson Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Esther Kegan Richard Jenkins Hon Cecil Partee Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro William Brady John Crown Francis McConnell James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Carol Thigpen Ronald Kennedy Edwin Wack Robert Oxtoby Richard Kelly Charles Lawrence OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Robert Strotz Raymond Mack William Kerr Arthur Schmehling John Fields David Mintzer Oglesby Paul Jim Carleton Laurence Nobles William Thigpen Roscoe Miller Payson Wild Harry Wells LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding Edward Palmer Thomas Edmonds Thomas Eovaldi Donald Hilliker Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John Beckstrom Robert Bennett William Chamberlin Robert Childres Anthony D'Amato Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr Thomas Eovaldi Freed Norman Garland Diane Crawford Geraghty Thomas Geraghty Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Stephen Goldberg Steven Goldman Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Donald Hilliker Jordan Jay Hillman Joyce Hughes Professor Law Jonathan Hyman Fred Inbau Rene Joliet Ronald Kennedy Vance Kirby Leon Liddell Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum David Ruder Mark Schoenfield Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Francis Spalding Samuel Thompson Jr Jon Waltz LECTURERS Hon Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence William Brady James Bronner George Burditt Austin Fleming Robert Hanley David Hilliard Herbert Jacob Helen Hart Jones Henry Kenoe John Lungmus Abner Mikva Thomas Nicholson Beverly Pattishall Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro James Sprowl John Stifler Elaine Teigler Merrill Thompson Food Drug Law Timothy Tilton Robert Tucker Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Michael Elliott Roxane Cayaloff Carolyn Cozad Kevin Egan Brent Gregory Walter Jones Ronald Lane Alan Levow Robert Mattson Jeffrey Pennell Joel Perzov James Singer Barry Wolfson Curtis Woods Pat Alexander Veena Bhatia Pat Brandt Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Darlene DeGrazio Janet Dudek Kiyoko Fujiu Mary Ann Hoffman DeWitt Jackson Genevieve Johnson Lisa Jolley Dona Laketek Bernice LeBeau Nancy Maxwell Sarah Mingo Dorothy Morton Jeanne Nowell Krystyna Obuchowicz Beverly Rautenberg Renee Rochon Elizabeth Simon Dorothy Slocum Francine Spearman Dorothy Taber Richard Wieczorek Lynette Williams NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty Jonathan Hyman Diane Crawford Geraghty Mark Schoenfield Nancy Ketzenberg Barbara Zimmerman Amy Franke Maria Chase Donald Liszewski Selma Krahn Eugenia Weres George Lee LIBRARY Leon Liddell Elaine Teigler Stanley Horst Marcelino Catuira Rosita Ramos Frank Daniels Marta Olszanska Martha Odell Marta Pryjma Milada Weber Regina Wallen Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair Gail Munden Timothy Pyne CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS COMBINED M PROGRAM Peter Barack WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Office Admissions Admission Applications Requests Recommendations Financial Combined Program Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences Applicants Ph Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Administration Admission Alumni Application Application Attendance Buildings Black Law Students Association BLSA Calendar Classes Classrooms Colleges Combined M Program Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Degrees Endowed Enrollment Examinations Expenses Extended Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing International M Ph Joint Law/Social Sciences Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Social Sciences Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Mates Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Legal Library Library Funds Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Location Medical Methods Case Problem Clinical Seminars Legal Senior Research Program D Moot Court Northwestern University Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph Placement Pre Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Schedule Scholarships School Seminars Senior Research Program Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Legal Assistance Clinic Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Three Transfer Tuition Visits School Voluntary Women' Caucus Withdrawal Levy Hall McCormick Hall Thorne Hall Abbott Hall Philippians </text>
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                    <text>THE SCHOOL OF

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY 1973-74

��THE SCHOOL OF LAW
ACADEMIC YEAR 1973-74

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Chicago, Illinois

�The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting
on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop.

2

�CONTENTS
Where to Write . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7

Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9

The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Supplemental Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Student Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7
Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Tuition, Fees, and Expenses .. . . . . .. ....... . . ... . . ... 55
Financial Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
Graduate Study and Degrees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Register of Colleges and Universities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Index ... . . . ... . . . . ..... . . . .. . .. ...... . . ... .. . ... 68
Map of Chicago Campus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Inside Back Cover

3

�WHERE TO WRITE
Address all Law School mail to :
Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
Address mail concerning the particular matters listed below
to the specific Law School offices indicated:
Office of Admissions
Admission to the regular session for students seeking
the J .D. degree:
Applications, including applications to transfer
Requests for forms or information
Recommendations
Financial ass istance information for candidates for the
J.D . degree
Registrar
Admission to Summer School for those a lready enrolled in
a law school
Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the
Law School
Program in Law and the Social Sciences
App licants interested in the joint degree program leading to
the J .D. and a Ph.D . should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program
in Law and the Social Sciences
Committee on Graduate Studies
Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree
or equivalent
Graduate fellowships
Placement Service
Placement of students and graduates
Law Alumni Association
Alumni affairs other than placement service

For informa tion on campus housing, write:
Manager, Abbott Hall
710 North Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60611

4

�OFFICERS, FACULTY, AND STAFF

UNIVERSITY OFFICERS
J. Roscoe Miller. M.D .. LLD .. Sc.D .. LH.D ..
Cha11cellor
Robert H. Strotz. Ph.D .. Preside11t of the
U11i l"l'l"Sity
William S. Kerr. Vice -Preside11t and Busi11ess
/l,fa11ager
Arthur T. Schmehling, C.P .A ., Vice -President a11d
Co11troller
John E. Fields, M.B.A ., Vice -Presiden t for
De 1·e/op111e11t
Raymond W. Mack, Ph.D., Vice -Preside11t a11d
Dea11 of Faculties
David Mint zer, Ph.D ., Vice-President for R esearch
a11d Dea11 of Science
Jim G. Carleto n, Ph.D. , Vice -President for
S111de11t Affairs
Laurence H. Nobles, Ph.D. , Dea11 of
Ad111i11istratio11
Wi lliam H . Thigpen , J.D. , Ge11eral Cou11se/
Payson S. Wi ld, Ph.D .. LLD., Litt.D .. Pro1·ost
Emeritus
Harry L. Wells, B.S., LL.D., Vice-President
Eme ritus

LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS
James A. Rah l, B.S. , J.O. , Dean
Francis 0. Spa lding, B.A. , J.D., Associate Dean .
John H. Beckstrom, B.A. , J.D. , LLM. , Assista11 t
Dea11
Thomas N. Ed monds, M.B.A. , Assistant Dean
Edward H. Palmer, LLB .. Assistant Dean
Kurt Schweri n, M.S.Sc .. B.S. in L.S., Ph.D. ,
Librarian (until Decembe r 31 , 1973)
Leon M. Lidde ll , B.A. , J.D. , B.LS. , Libraria11
(effective January 1, 1974)

FACULTY
Peter J. Barack, A.B., B.Phil. (Oxon.), J.D. ,
Assisto11t Professor of LalV
John H. Beckstrom, B.A ., J.D ., LLM.,
Professor of La IV a11d Assistant Dean
Robert W. Bennett, B.A .. LLB., Associate
Professor of Law
Barbara A. Ca ulfield. B.S., J .0., In structor i11 Law
William C. Chamberlin , A.B., M.A., Ph.D. , LLB .,
Associate Professor of Law
Robe rt Childres, B.A., LL.B., B.C.L., Professor
of Law (on leave 1973-74)

D iane Crawford, B.A .. M.A., J.D .. lnstruclor i11
La\V
Anthony A. O'Amato, A.B ., LL.B ., Ph.D ..
Professor of LalV (on leave 1973-74)
Karl de Schwe ini tz, B.A ., Ph.D., Professor
of Eco11omics a11d LalV
Eugene Z. DuBose , Jr., A.B ., J.D., Assista111
Professor of Law
T hom as L Eovald i, B.S ., LLB .. Professor of Law
Norm an M. Gar land, B.S., J .D. , LL.M ., Associate
Professor of Law
Thomas F. Geraghty. A.B .. J.D ., Visiti11g
Assista11t Professor of Law a11d Acti11g CoDirector, Northwestern Legal Assistance Cli11ic
Steven Goldman, A.B .. LL.B., Associate
Professor of Law (on leave 1973-74)
Irving A. Gordon, A.B., J.D. , Professor of Law
James B. Haddad, B.A. , J .D ., LL.M., Associate
Professor of Law (on lea ve 1973-74)
Harold C. Havighurst, B.A., M.A., LL.B. , LL.D.,
Professor of Law Emeritus
John P. Heinz, A.B., LLB. , Professor of Law
and Director of R esearch
Jordan Jay Hillman, M.A., J.D., S.J .D .. Professor
of Law
Jonath an M. Hyman , A.B ., LL.B ., Visit ing
Assista11t Professor of Law a11d Acti11g CoDirector. N orthll"estern Legal Assista11ce Cli11ic
Fred E. Inb au. B.S .. LL.B. , LL.M., Professor of
Law
Yancy N. Kirby , A.B., LLB. , Professor of Law
Leon M. Liddell , B.A. , J.D. , B.L.S .. Libraria11
(effective Ja nua r y I. 1974) a11d Professor of
Law
Brunson MacChes ney, B.A., J .D ., Ed11a B. and
Ed11yfed H. Williams Memorial Professor of
Law a11d Director of Graduate Studies
Nathaniel L. Na thanson, B.A ., LLB .. S.J .D ..
Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law
Alexander Nekam, LLB ., J .U .D ., S.J.D.,
Professor of La\V
Dawn C lark Netsch. B.A .. J .D., Professor of Law
James A. Rahl. B.S .. J.D .. Dean a11d Professo r of
Law
Martin H . Redi sh. A.B .. J.D .. Assista111 Professor
of La1t•
Harry B. Ree se, B.A. , LLB .. Professo r of Law
John Ritchi e, B.S., LL.B. , J .S.D ., Dea11 Emeritus
011J Joh n He11 ry Wigm ore Professor of Law
Emeritus
William R. Roa lfe. LLB., LLD., Professor of
L{/11· Emeritus
Victor G . Rosenblum, LL.B., Ph.D., Professor of
Law
5

�David S. Ruder , B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law
Daniel M. Schuyler, B.A., J .D ., Professor of Law
Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in L.S., Ph.D.,
Librarian (until December 31, 1973) and
Professor of Law Emeritus
Paul E. Slater, B.A ., J.D. , Assistant Professor
of Law
Francis 0. Spalding, B.A. , J .D., Professor of Law
and Associate Dean
Samuel C. Thompson, Jr., B.A. , M.A ., J.D.,
LL.M., Assistant Professor of Law .
Thomas N. Todd , B.A. , LL.B ., Assistant Professor
of Law and Assistant Director, Center for
Urban Affairs
Jon R. Waltz, B.A., LL.B. , Professor of Law

LECTURERS
Hon . Marvin E. Aspen , B.S.L. , J.D. , Lecturer 011
Criminal Evidence
Theodore Berger, B.S. , LL.B., Lecturer 011
Decedents' Estates and Trusts
William W. Brady, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Accounting
, / James R. Bronner, B.A., J.D., LL.M., L ecturer
0 11 Criminal Evidence
George M. Burditt, A .B., LL.B., L ecturer on Food
and Drug Law
Robert F. H anley, B.S., J.D., Lect urer on Trial
Practice
David C. Hilliard , B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on
Trademarks
Henry W. Kenoe, B.S.L. , J.D., Lecturer on Legal
Clinic
John B. Lungmus, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on
Int ellectual Property
Abner J. Mikva, J.D ., L ect urer 0 11 Legislative
Process
Thomas L. Nicholson, B.A. , J.D ., Lecturer on the
La w of th e Common Market
Beverly W. Pattishall, B.S., LL.B., L ecturer 011
Trademarks
Jerome J. Roberts, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer 011
Comp uters and the Law
Hon. Joseph Schneider, B.S., M.S.W., J.D. ,
Lecturer 0 11 Law and Psychiatry
Haro ld D. Shapiro, B.S., J.D., Edward A.
Harriman Lecturer on Corporations and
Partn erships
Ja mes A. Sprowl , B.S. , J .D. , Lecturer 0 11
Computers and th e Law
John G. Stifler, A.B., LLB. , Lecturer 0 11 Trial
Practice
Merrill S. Thompson, A.B. , LL.B., Lecturer on
Food and Drug Law
Timothy L. Tilton, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on
Intellectual Property
Robert L. Tucker, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Urban
Housing Problems

TEACHING ASSOCIATE
Richard Kurt Lewis, B.A. (Oxon.)
6

ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION
Arthur R. Abelson, B.S.
Robert C. Bramlette, Jr., B.B.A.
M ark P. Cohen, B.A.
Lyle S. Gritchen, B.S.
Michael F . Hertz, B.S.
Barbara B. Lounsbury, B.A.
Christopher D. Newman, B.A .
Arnold A. Pagniucci, B.A .
Gary S. Saipe, B.A.
Rich ard G. Smolev, B.A.
Harvey R . Sorensen, B.A.
William A. Streff, Jr., B.S .
Alan J . Wolf, B.A.

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
Veena Bhatia, Secretary, Legal Publications
Marie D. Christiansen, Business Manager of Lega l
Publications
Harriet G. C hrist iansen, Secretary, Legal
Publications
Mae Clair, Administrative Secretary
Darlene DeGrazio, Faculty Secretary
Doris Dodge, Faculty Secretary
J anet Dudek, B.A. , Secretary to the Associate
Dean
Kiyoko Fujiu , B.A. , Secretary to the Director
of Admissions
Genevieve Johnson, B.E., Secretary to the Dean
Lisa Jolley, Secretary to the Assistant Dean
Dona M. Laketek, B.A. , Admissions Counse lor
Bernice F. LeBeau, B.S. , Research Secretary
Nancy M axwell , B.A. , Registrar
Sarah Mingo, Admissions Assistant
Krystyna I. Obuchowicz, Faculty Secretary
Mike Re , Assistant, R ep roduction Department
Shelley Shenfield, Admissions Assistant
Elizabeth L. Simon, Administrative Aide and
Financial Secretary
Janet L. Sites, B.A., Administrative Assistant and
Alumni Secretary
Dorothy Slocum, Faculty Secretary
Deborah Thomas, Faculty Secretary
Cynthia Thornburg, B.S. , Department Assistant
and Placement Secretary
Rich ard F. Wieczorek, Head, Reproduction
Department
Elizabeth Zurawski, B.A. , Assistant to th e
R egistrar

NORTHWESTERN LEGAL
ASSISTANCE CLINIC
Thomas F. Geraghty, A.B., J.D., Acting
Co- Director
Jonath an M. Hyman , A.B. , LLB ., Acting
Co-Director
Barba ra A. Ca ulfield, B.S. , J.D ., Staff Attorney
Diane Crawford, B.A ., M.A., J.D., Staff Attorney
Nancy Ketzenberg, Legal Worker

�LIBRARY
Kurt Schwerin, M.S.Sc., B.S. in LS. , Ph.D.,
Librarian (until December 31 , 1973)
Leon M. Liddell , B.A. , J.D., B.LS. , Librarian
(effective January I , 1974)
Elaine E. Teigler, B.S. , M.A., Assistant Librarian
and Head, R eaders' Services Department
Stanley E. Horst, B.A., M.LS. , Head, Technical
Services and Administrative Assistant
Marta M. Pryjma, Mgr. Juris, M.A. in LS. ,
Head, Foreign and Internationa l Law Sections
Milada Weber, Dr. Jur. , M.S. in LS., Head,
Classification and Cataloging Department
Dorothy Klofkorn, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian
Regina Wallen, B.A., M.S. in LS., Government
Documents Librarian and Cataloger
Gail S. Munden , B.A., M .S. in LS. , Serials
Librarian
Barbara E. Zimmerman , B.A. , Cataloger
Amy Franke, Secretary
Maria C. Chase, Reference Assistant in Charge
of Circulation
Donald M. Liszewski, B.A., R eference Assistant
in Charge of Stacks
Selma Krahn , Cataloging Assistant
Euge nia Weres, Cataloging Assistant
George L Lee, Library Assistant

Marcelino P. Catuira, Cataloging Assistant
Rosita C. Rai:nos, B.S .E., Cataloging Assistant
Frank J. Daniels, B.A., Library Assistant

NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR
LEGAL SERVICES
Mary Ader, LLB., LLM. , Acting Directo r
Robert W. Bennett, B.A. , LLB. , Faculty Advisor
Sharon P. Data, B.A. , J.D., Staff AttorneyLibrarian
Maxine Bailin , Order Departm ent Coordinator
Earnestene Beavers, Library Assistant
Shelleen Franklin, Order Department Assistant
Bernice Kessler, Administrative Secretary
Rosie M. Kin g, Clerical Secretary
Georgiana Mathisen, Bookkeeper

PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE
SOCIAL SCIENCES
Victor G. Rosenblum, LLB. , Ph .D. , Director
Mae C lair, Administrative Secretary

COMBINED J.D.-M.M. PROGRAM
Peter J . Barack, A.B., B.Phil.(Oxon) , J .D .,
Director

CALENDAR FOR 1973-74
1973

Nov. 21

Wed., 9 a.m.
Thu ., 8 :30 a .m.
Wed., 5 :55 p .m.

Nov. 26
Dec. 21

Fri., 5 :55 p.m.

Classes resume
Classes close; Christmas recess begins

Mon .-Sat./Mon .- Wed.
Mon ., 8 :30 a .m.

Examination period
Second semester classes begin

Sat., noon

Spring recess begins

Mon., 8:30 a.m.

Classes resume
Classes close
Examination period
One Hundred and Sixteenth Annual Commencement

Sept. 5
Sept. 6

Mon ., 8:30 a.m .

Registration and orientation for new students
Classes begin
Thanksgiving recess begins

1974

Jan. 7- I 6
Jan. 21
Apr. 6
Apr. 15
May 10
May 15-24
June 15

Fri ., 5 :55 p.m.

Wed.-Sat./ Mon .-Fri .
Sat.

SCHEDULES AND HOURS
Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of 8 :30 a.m. and 5:55 p.m.
The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin board before the beginning of each term .
The Law School buildings are open to students from 7 :30 a.m,, to 10 p.m. Monday through Friday,
from 8 :30 a.m. to 5: 15 p.m . on Saturday, and from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. on Sunday.
7

��"Where there is arbitrary power, there is no
occasion to study the law; when the law begins
to reign, its teachers and practicers come forth."
-David Dudley Field, at the
dedication of the Law School,
Se ptember 21, 1859.

LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN
The first law school in its state and region
and one of the oldest in the nation,
Northwestern's School of Law enjoys a rich
heritage. For more than a century it has been
dedicated to the education of men and women
for all branches of endeavor in the law under
the highest standards of academic and professional excellence. This dedication marks
the character of the Law School today.
Long identified with progressive movements
in legal education, the Law School has always
sought to prepare students for the broad
challenge of the future. To this end, the
program of instruction is designed to foster an
understanding of the principles that guide
growth and change in the law.
Early in its history the Law School adopted
a policy of limited enrollment to promote
educational quality. Today Northwestern
remains a law school of medium size, small in
comparison with others of national standing,
with approximately 550 students seeking their
first degree in law. A faculty of substantial size
gives the School a student-professor ratio
which is among the three or four lowest to be
found among leading law schools. The result
is to permit a close working relationship
between student and teacher, fostering
professional training of the highest order and
an opportunity for the development of each
student's unique capabilities.

THE SCHOOL
Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning
requires no elaborate apparatus. For the
serious student, however, a stimulating and
congenial environment contributes to the
educational process. Good professional
training requires more than a comprehensive
library and classrooms designed for effective
teaching. There must be places for reflection

and concentration and arrangements conducive
to informal interchange between student and
student and between student and teacher. The
atmosphere should imbue the student of Jaw
with an appreciation for the finest traditions
of the bar and for the professional heritage
the student will share.

LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES
The Law School is situated on the shore of
Lake Michigan near the business center of
Chicago. To the south, along the lake front,
lie Grant Park, a series of yacht basins,
recreational facilities, museums of art, science,
and natural history, a planetarium, and an
aquarium. To the north extends the Gold
Coast, an area of residential apartments
separated from the lake by a continuous series
of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating
facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the
city's centers of art and entertainment. A
half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the
central business and shopping area of Chicago
and the legal and financial center of the region.
Here, convenient for ~tudent visits, are located
the offices of federal , state, and municipal
governments, including trial and appellate
courts of both the state and federal
governments, ranging from the local small
claims courts to the United States Court of
Appeals.
The Law School constitutes part of the
self-contained professional campus of
Northwestern University, where several large
buildings house the Medical School and the
Dental School. Also on the campus are Thorne
Hall , containing an 800-seat auditorium and
housing the Northwestern Legal Assistance
Clinic; Abbott Hall , the 18-story student
residence for the men and women enrolled in
the professional schools ; and hospitals which
9

�are members of the McGaw Medical Center
of Northwestern University.
Living and studying on a self-sufficient
graduate campus, the law student remains free
from the distractions of undergraduate life.
The original campus of the University, where
the main body of about 6,500 full-time undergraduate students and 2,500 graduate students
are enrolled, is 12 miles north in suburban
Evanston .
The Evanston campus, available and
accessible to Law School students for courses
and seminars, general library resources,
cultural activities, and athletic events, has
been the focus of the First Plan for the
Seventies, the initial phase of a long-range
program to maintain the University as a major
center of teaching, scholarship , and research.
The $ 12-million University Library, key
academic facility of the First Plan , opened in
I 970. Other new facilities are the Norris
University Center, Lindheimer Astronomical
Research Center, 0 . T. Hogan Biological
Sciences Building, Frances Searle Building (the
communicative disorders center), Nathaniel
Leverone Hall (the Graduate School of
Management's new headquarters on the
Evanston campus), School of Education
Building, Rebecca Crown Center (the
University's administration building) and
new student residences. The new PickStaiger Concert Hall and Foyer-Gallery, part
of a planned Fine and Performing Arts
Complex, is scheduled for completion in 1975.
Th~ University recently announced a new
$177-million, five-year fund drive-"Toward
the Eighties." The major thrust of the
campaign is aimed at raising $128 million for
current and future educational operations ;
some $49 million is being sought for a
building program.

LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS
The Law School itself consists of a complex
of buildings arranged to form a quadrangle
occupying the block between Chicago Avenue
and Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive.
The original buildings, Levy Mayer Hall and
the Elbert H . Gary Library, were completed in
1926. Robert R. McCormick Hall and the
Owen L. Coon Library were completed in
1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a
handsome garden which is frequently used for
open-air discussions and study.
In interior design and ornament, the
buildings of the School are rich in the lore of
10

Dean James A. Rahl

�the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings,
etchings, and photographs, collected by the late
Dean John H. Wigmore in the United States,
England , and abroad , are hung about the
School to illustrate the people and events of
the law throughout history and throughout the
world.

CLASSROOMS
The Law School contains seven major
classrooms. These generous facilities make it
possible to schedule a number of classes at the
same time. Most classes, including all those in
the first year, are divided into sections. As a
consequence, the number of students attending
a class seldom exceeds 85 and is often
much smaller. Such classes, small by general
law school standards, encourage responsible
participation by each student in the probing,
analytical discussion that is the mark of legal
education at Northwestern. The design of
Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms,
was suggested by that of the British House of
Commons.
In addition to the major classrooms, the
School has four seminar rooms scaled and
furnished to provide comfortable and congenial
surroundings for smaller study groups. The
seminars of the second and third years meet
here, numbering typically from 10 to 15
students, seated informally around a table with
one or more faculty members for a detailed
analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers
of legal development. In such study, the
student necessarily bears a large measure of
responsibility for giving direction and substance
to the discussion.
For instruction in trial and appellate
practice, the School has a fully-equipped,
modern courtroom. Complete with witness
stand, jury box, counsel tables, and seating for
spectators, it accommodates actual criminal
and civil trials conducted occasionally by
courts sitting in Illinois and is used heavily for
the teaching of trial practice.

LIBRARY
The indispensable instruments of the
lawyer's calling are books, and a
comprehensive and well-arranged library is
essential for effective training for the
profession. The library with its associated
research facilities is the heart of the Law
School.
The Northwestern Law School Library

consists of two buildings, integrated physically
and administered as a unit, the Elbert H. Gary
Library and the Owen L. Coon Library. In
combination , the library occupies a full side of
the Law School quadrangle extending from
Chicago Avenue to Superior Street and
includes four floors of working area. The
Elbert H. Gary Library, part of the original
Law School buildings, is named for the donor
of the building who also established the Gary
Fund, which provided for the acquisition of
substantial parts of the original collection and
also provides in part for the current purchase
of books. The Owen L. Coon Library, built in
1960, is named in recognition of a substantial
gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation.
In its collection of more than 310,000
volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest
law li braries in the Western Hemisphere. Even
more important than size, however, is the
utility of the collection. The main reading
room of the library occupies the highest floor
of the building and is divided by shelved
partitions into do zens of secluded but welllighted alcoves fitted with large working
tables and chairs to provide convenient
accommodations close by the books. The
arrangement is repeated on the lower floors ,
with the addit ion of a number of individual

�carrels for sustained and concentrated research.
Inc luded on a lower level are glass-walled
typing areas with individual soundproof carrels
open to any student to type a research paper
or to reorganize his course notes.
The library is operated with an open-stack
policy to bring readers and books together
without unnecessary formalities. The student is
free to browse and to search at will through the
collection, and he may call upon the expert
full-time staff of 18 if he is in need of
guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is
open daily throughout the year and in the
evenings as well whenever the School is in
session. To provide for the heavy demands
of faculty research, a separate working
collection is maintained in the Faculty Library.
The course of instruction has been designed
not only to provide basic instruction in the use
of legal materials but to encourage full use of
the library's large resources and to afford every
student extensive opportunity for independent
scholarly research.
12

The Law School Library's Anglo-American
collection includes substantially all the reported
decisions of the courts of the United States, its
separate states and territories, Great Britain
and the Commonwealth, together with their
statutes and session laws and subsidiary
publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated
cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographiesnecessary to form a complete working
collection for every legal system in the English
language .. A well selected comprehensive
collection of United States government
documents is maintained for the teaching
program and for the use of the legal profession
generally. A complete collection of documents
is available at the University Library on the
Evanston campus, which is a designated
government depository library. This AngloAmerican collection is supplemented by a
selection of works in the fields of history,
economics, and government, and includes a
special collection on law and the social
sciences. The library also receives every
current legal periodical of general interest
printed in the English language.
About one-third of the total collection
is made up of works in the fields of foreign
and international law. The comprehensive
materials in foreign law include the codes,
treatises, decisions, and journals of all major
European countries and Japan, and good
working collections in Latin-American law.
At an early date the library began to build a
complete collection in the law of nations,
going beyond the domestic laws of the separate
countries to emphasize the rules of law
controlling their relations with each other. This
large collection includes the documents of the
interna tion al organizations, the international
courts, treaty series, and official diplomatic
documents, treatises, and monographs and
periodicals from all parts of the world. The
collection permits original and useful work to
be carried on in the field of public and private
internation al law .
Holdings in other specialized fields include a
comprehensive collection of treatises,
periodicals, and documents in criminal law and
its administration, and a special collection of
materials in aeronautics, including aviation law,
commerce, and other works in the field
exclusive of technical engineering publications.
In addition , the library includes outstanding
collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal
history, comparative law, and valuable
resources in Roman law. Especially notable are

�the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments
dating from A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises
more than 500 original manuscript
instruments executed in connection with landed
estates, and the George W. Shaw Collection of
Early European Law, established in 1949 by
Joseph L Shaw (LLB. , 1903).
The Law School Library is independent in
administration and organization, but its
comprehensive resources are supplemented in
specialized areas through inter-library loans
and other cooperative arrangements with the
general University Library, departmental
libraries, and the major public, educational ,
and legal collections in the region.
A special feature of the library is its
distinguished rare book collection, housed in
the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room
adjoining the main reading room. These early
volumes, numbering some 2,500, have been
acquired through the years and represent a
variety of fields. Many are first editions of the
classics of the law, including a number of
manuscripts and incunabula (books printed
before 1500). A number are either unique or
the only copies in the Western Hemisphere.
The value of these books is not primarily
antiquarian, however. They have been
gathered and selected because they are
indispensable for effective legal research in
areas that may be vital both to scholars and
to practitioners.
Although the reserve facilities of the library
have been constructed with foresight to
accommodate an eventual collection almost
twice the size of the current holdings, provision
has also been made for the use of the materials
of legal research of the future. A section of
the library is fully fitted with the basic
equipment for use of microfilm and microcards,
designed to replace conventional books and to
ameliorate their problems of bulk and
deterioration.
As a practitioner of a learned profession, the
lawyer is more than a craftsman. To encourage
a wide-ranging interest among the students, a
section of the main r~ading room has been set
aside for casual reading in fields of current or
general significance. Comfortably furnished,
the Cutler Browsing Alcove offers current
periodicals and a broad selection of
biographical and miscellaneous works.

LIBRARY FUNDS
In addition to a general University
appropriation , the Law School Library is
supported by a number of special endowments.
The largest endowment funds for the Library
are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in
1925 by Elbert H . Gary (LLB ., 1867), then
Chairman of the United States Steel
Corporation , and the Norris E. Crull
Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in
memory of Norris E. Crull (LLB., I 909).
In 1947, under the auspices of the Law
Alumni Association, the John Henry Wigmore
Fund was established . Barnet Hodes (LLB.,
1921) in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes
Fund for the creation and maintenance of a
collection on local government. In 1967,
Joseph Rosenberg (LLB., 1910) and Mrs.
Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo M.
Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965
established the Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund
in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks.
The Philip A . Shapiro Endowment Fund was
established in 1968 in memory of Judge Philip
A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of
Cook County, and Walter H. Moses established
the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund.
For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D.,
1931) annually has provided funds to enrich
the collection in fields such as biography,
history, political science and literature for the
Cutler Browsing Alcove.
In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made
a substantial grant for the establishment of a
collection on urban affairs.
Two gifts to the Law School in 1970
provided for the purchase of books for the
library. A substantial bequest of Louis
Manierre established the George Manierre
Collection , and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams
increased the library's endowment fund.
In I 97 1, the library received a substantial
bequest from the late Mrs. Agnes Millar
Wigmore , in memory of the late Professor
Robert Wyness Millar. The income from this
fund is to be used for the purchase of books.
The Edwin E. Perkins Foundation provided
an endowment in 1972 for the purchase of
books, materials, and equipment, known as the
'' Edwin E. and Kitty M . Perkins Library
Fund."

13

�OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES
Although hours in the classroom and the
library predominate both for students and for
faculty , there must be provision for the
informal give-and-take discussion in which the
student lawyer hones his skill in analysis and
expression, and for moments of relaxation.
Lowden Hall , named for the first of several
of the School 's alumni to serve as governor of
Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is
rich with reminders of the history of law and
the Law School. Here coffee and rolls are
available to students and faculty during the
morning hours. On the lower level are lockers,
food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms
equipped with tables for a coffee break or light
luncheon.
Separate offices are provided for student
activities, including the Junior Bar Association,
the Law Review, the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology, the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition, and the JBA Bookstore.
Faculty offices, which open directly onto
main corridors for access without formalities
or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful
informal meetings between student and teacher.

STUDENT RESIDENCE
Living and working together, law students
gain advantages that are significant if not
readily apparent. Casual conversation and
earnest discussion contribute to the
development of the prospective lawyer's powers
and personality. The stimulation and discipline
students give one another have an impact that
is directly evident in the classroom.
The ancient ancestors of modern law
schools, the English Inns of Court, depended
solely upon the influences of students' living,
eating, and arguing informally together to
produce men of professional qualification. For
the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the

Law School becomes the center of everyday
life. The library and the classrooms are
accessible, the distractions of commuting are
avoided, and the student can concentrate
time and attention on preparing for the practice
of law.
For these reasons, all law students except
married students and those whose homes are
within easy commuting distance of the School
are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is
designed to provide convenient and attractive
living quarters and to provide an atmosphere
for development of qualities of personality
which are so essential to a lawyer, but which
for the most part fall outside the sphere of
formal training.
The building, 18 stories high, overlooks
Lake Michigan on Lake Shore Drive from
Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of
Indiana limestone and conforms in
architectural style to the classroom buildings on
the campus. The first two floors and the
basement contain common rooms for social
and recreational purposes; the upper 16
have private accommodations, with a lounge on
each of the upper floors . The first floor
contains general offices and a series of shops.
On the second floor are a large student lounge
and the dining rooms. Facilities for handball,
squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and
table tennis are available in the basement.
Floors are reserved for the students of the
School of Law. Rooms are equipped
with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring
mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs,
draperies, and lamps. Bed linens are not
furnished. Each room has a double closet.
(Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the
basement.)
The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall
is reasonable and is below the rates charged
for other desirable accommodations in the

Plan al a typical residential floor
in- Abbott Hall

14

�same part of the city. For the academic year
1973-74, the room rates range from $400-$560
per person per room. Before a room is
occupied, a contract for the academic year is
signed by the applicant.
Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner
cafeteria style in Abbott Hall's spacious dining
rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and
cold foods are also available in the vending
canteen on the second floor. Students may pay
cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign
board contracts. Students who choose the
contract plan get 17 meals per week and have
the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals.
The cost of a school year board contract is
$645.
The Division of Student Finance issues and
makes all adjustments on the residence bills
for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for
payments on October I, January I, and April
I. Bills are due upon presentation and are
payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall.
Applications, together with a $50 room
deposit, should be filed as early as possible.
For room application, address the Manager,
Abbott Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive,
Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Abbott Hall also has a limited number of
furnished apartments for married students.
Two types of married student housing are
available: efficiency ( one room) apartments
ranging from $125-140 per month, including
utilities; and one-bedroom apartments ranging
from $160-$200 per month, including utilities.
Rental apartments also are available in private
buildings in the vicinity of the Law School or
within easy commuting distance.

STUDENT HEALTH
Entering students are required to present
records of recent physical examination.
The Student Health Service for all students
in schools on the Chicago campus is located
in the Montgomery Ward Building, Room
2-009 , of the Medical School. Available
medical services and a limited hospital
insurance are described in the Student Health
Bulletin which each student receives upon
initial registration. Supplemental hospital
insurance, necessary to provide more complete
coverage of hospital costs of students and their
dependents, is available at nominal rates.

The clinic is open daily except Saturdays,
Sundays, and holidays from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
Physicians' hours are posted on the Student
Health Service bulletin board. In an
emergency , a student may report to the nurse
in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic
hours. Acute illness occurring outside those
hours should be reported to the Emergency
Room a t Passavant Pavillion of Northwestern
Memorial Hospital.
Students are liable for the payment of
medical expenses incurred in the hospital
emergency rooms or the hospital out-patient
departments on unauthorized visits. An
unauthorized visit is one which has not had
the prior approval of the Health Service
excepting, of course, when circumstances of
time or physical condition make this
impracticable. Students are also liable for the
full payment of other medical expense incurred
without prior approval of the Director of
Health Service. Specialty consultations beyond
those provided by the Health Service are
advised as indicated, but are the financial
responsibility of the students.

��"[Here the) teaching will ... give men what
they want to know when they go out to fight,
but . . . it will send them forth with a pennon as
well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in
the long battle the little flutter that means ideals,
honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details."
-Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes,
at the dedication of earlier Law
School buildings, October 20,
1902.

THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION
The purpose of the Law School is to prepare
its graduates for effective service in all fields of
law-to qualify men and women not only for
the private practice of the profession but for
careers in government service, in commerce
and finance, and in legal education. The
curriculum does not concentrate upon
imparting knowledge of the legal rules
applicable in any one jurisdiction or region.
Rather, it concentrates upon the development
of the fundamental capacities and skills of the
lawyer.
Human activity is infinitely varied and ever
changing. Law, bringing order and direction
to the relations of men, involves a continuous
process of growth and adjustment. Every legal
problem that comes to the lawyer, is, in a
sense, unique. Effective professional education
must, therefore, prepare the student to deal
with situations never before encountered, to
direct the resources of the law to new fields
of human endeavor, and to handle not the
problems of the past but the cases of
the future.

INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE
Reflecting this objective, the program of
instruction in the Law School differs markedly
from the usual undergraduate instruction. It
requires, of course, diligence and effort for a
mastery of the formal materials of the course.
Beyond this foundation the instruction
demands thought and initiative of the
individual student to extend his learning
beyond the limits of the materials and to
stretch his powers of analysis. As the lawyer
must deal with new situations throughout his
professional life, so the student lawyer is taught
to transcend rote learning and to find his or her

way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an
intellectual challenge that is both rewarding
and stimulating. The individual student is
spurred to go as far as mind and industry
will carry.

CLASSES
The law student typically attends classes for
15 or 16 hours a week. Class meetings
are scheduled throughout the morning and
afternoon Monday through Friday with time
for study between classes. There are occasional
special class meetings on Saturday, although
generally that day is available for uninterrupted
individual study and research. Two or three
times as many hours are devoted to individual
study as are spent in class. Time spent in
co-curricular activities and independent
research must be added to the requirements
of course work. The study of law, therefore,
is a full -time occupation.
In a typical Law School term, the student's
class attendance is distributed among four or
five courses. Some of the subjects represent
ancient categories of the law. Course titles
such as Criminal Law, Property, Contracts, and
Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of
Lord Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed
since those early days in the law, and even
these traditional subjects have altered
substantially in content. Today in Torts, the
focus is on such disparate objects as the
automobile and the atom and upon the legal
problem each presents to an energized society.
Property law today concerns itself not only
with ancient learning but with topics such as
urban renewal and air rights. Criminal Law
with modern correctional theories, and with
more and more is concerned with psychiatry,
17

�protection of the fundamental rights of the
accused. The law of Contracts today finds
itself dealing with and adjusting to the subject
matter of tomorrow-plastics, missiles, the
building of skyscrapers, and the hiring of
research and development skills.
The changing character of law is reflected in
the content of traditional courses, altered to
keep pace with a changing society. It is
reflected, too, in the newer courses introduced
by the Law School into the law curriculum to
deal with emerging areas of legal service. The
lawyer is a full-time student for only one period
in his or her professional life. Within the limits
of the possible, education in that brief span
must be for the responsibilities of the legal
profession, not just for the day, but for the half
century of lawyer's work that lies ahead.
Labor Law, Taxation, and Administrative Law
were introduced into the basic program of the
Law School during the formative years of those
subjects, anticipating the current recognition of
their significance. Courses and seminars in
International Law, Scientific Evidence,
Consumer Protection Comparative Law, and
Welfare Litigation are typical of other offerings
designed to meet the needs of the profession
in the years to come.

FACULTY
The basic instruction in the Law School
program is conducted by the full-time resident
faculty, who make teaching their first
responsibility. Each member is experienced in
private practice, in responsible government
posts, or both. Many are called upon for
consultation and advice by government
agencies and private groups and are active in
the organizations and affairs of the legal
profession and the community. Their scholarly
activities include the delivery of lectures and
addresses before legal and public bodies and
the preparation of learned treatises and articles.
Such activities serve to complement and to
enrich the instruction. The casebooks and
other teaching materials for a majority of the
courses offered in the School were prepared by
the faculty members who teach those courses,
and many are widely used, standard works in
their respective fields.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION
In recognition of the lawyer's function of
articulating the conflicting interests of society,
instruction in modern law schools is conducted
principally through participation by the class.
No longer does the student lawyer listen
passively in a lecture audience. To maximize
the opportunity for active participation
afforded each student, Northwestern Law
School has adopted a curricular policy
emphasizing instruction through relatively
small classes and seminars. First-year courses
enrolling 175 students or more have no place
in the Law School program. The entering
student will find himself attending classes with
a group of approximately half that size.
Seminars are limited in enrollment and
commonly range in size from 10 to 15
students. Advanced individual work is
conducted under the personal supervision of
one or more members of the faculty.
Instruction of this kind requires a low
student-faculty ratio. The program of the
School is based upon the conviction that this
concentration of educational resources upon
the individual student is the most effective way
to develop the skills that distinguish the legal
profession.

The Case Method
The case method of teaching, employed
principally in the formal courses, particularly
those offered in the first year, is founded upon

�the premise that the first objective of law
training is to develop an understanding on the
part of the student of how and why the courts
decide cases as they do. The method was
adopted at the Law School in the earliest years
of its development. The materials of study are
the actual decisions of courts, embodied in
written opinions rendered in real and disputed
cases, rather than a textbook compendium of
legal rules. The cases themselves are the
specimens of legal controversy to be examined
and dissected. The student is brought to the
level of a participant in the proceeding,
analyzing each stage in the course of litigation
and each step in the process of decision.
Through painstaking scrutiny of a large
number of cases, the student shares vicariously
the experiences of the lawyers and judges who
conducted them, and thereby gains an
understanding of the judicial process based on
observation of the law in action at first hand.
Although the case method varies in its use
with the approach of the professor, the
teaching styles grouped under this heading have
certain characteristic elements in common.
Under the case system it is essential that
students prepare thoroughly and intensively
before class. The course materials for this
preparation consist of a casebook, a collection
of actual decisions in related kinds of
controversy. The student at Northwestern will
find that the authors of many of his casebooks
are his own professors, authorities in their
respective fields. The class session in a casetaught course typically does not offer a lecture
but rather a discussion of several of these cases,
conducted in the manner of a Socratic dialogue
between the teacher and students. Questions
are designed to test the student's understanding
of the case, to identify the considerations that
controlled the decision, and to probe its
implications for similar situations and its
relation to other decisions.
Although the professor may upon occasion
depart from the interrogating role to explain
the background of a legal problem or to give
direction to the class discussion, the essence of
the case method is the collective probing and
searching in which the student's own powers of
reason and analysis are tempered and
developed. The system is in fact designed to
revert to the student, after he has digested and
evaluated the wide range of ideas developed in
group discussion, the task of developing for
himself an understanding, first, of what courts

and administrative agencies do and why they
do it and, second, of how to participate
effectively in the process. From the outset of
his law school career the student is thus led to
do what he has to do throughout his
professional life-think, analyze, and decide on
his own initiative.

The Problem Method
The problem method, an instructional
technique originated at the Law School and
now widely employed throughout legal
education, is used in many second and
third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not
upon the cases or adminstrative decisions as
such. The focus of the student's work and of
the class session is rather a set of facts raising
legal problems for which there may indeed be
no authoritative solution. The student's task is
to take the available materials in the forms of
decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings
and to construct or create his own solution to
the problem.
Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where
the businessman asks for advice on a proposed
transaction. Perhaps the transaction has
already taken place and the problem concerns
the consequences to be attached to the
transaction by the federal or state government
by way of taxation or regulation. In short, the
problems are much like those which come to
the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the
problems are frequently drawn from life.
Consultative practice by some members of the
faculty and the generally close relationship
between the School and the practicing
profession combine to provide the student in a
problem-method course with an experience that
closely approximates the practice of law.
Characteristically in a course taught by this
method, the student submits before the class
session a short memorandum solution to the
problem, based on his or her analysis of
relevant source material. In the class session,
the student or one of his classmates is invited
to explain the legal issues presented by the
problem situation and the views he or she takes
of those issues. Discussion, often vigorous,
follows .

Clinical Training and Practice Courses
Clinical training and practice courses
preserve in the Law School the advantages
which accrued to the aspiring attorney in an
earlier day when there were no law schools
19

�and the lawyer trained for the bar by working
in the office of an established lawyer, observing
the practice of law, and learning through trial
and error the arts and skills of the profession.
In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal
education the idea of giving law students actual
experience in practice through the medium of
assisting in the provision of legal services to the
poor. This idea has been a part of the
curriculum since that time, and is now
developed in clinical programs and courses
supervised by the faculty. In the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, located in Thorne
Hall, next door to the Law School, students
working under faculty supervision gain
practical experience in consulting with clients,
interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings
and other documents in a wide variety of cases,
both civil and criminal. Students also assist
the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for
and conduct of trials and, under the rules of
the Supreme Court of Illinois, qualified thirdyear students actually appear in court on
behalf of Clinic clients. The training is similar
in many respects to that provided during the
internship period in medical education.
During the first year, all students are
instructed in the techniques of oral and written
argument in the course in Moot Court.
Practicing the lawyer's skills, the student is
required to prepare a written brief in
compliance with prevailing professional
standards and to argue the case, opposed hy
a fellow student, under courtroom conditions,
before an appellate court composed of
prominent alumni and faculty members. This
instruction is continued on a voluntary basis
in the second year in the Julius H. Miner
Moot Court Competition.
In the third year, the student is offered a
choice of practice courses in the trial of a
lawsuit from its beginning to its end. The
instruction provides the student with actual
experience in pre-trial preparation, examining
witnesses, presenting evidence, and arguing to
a jury. The student thus learns by doing, not
merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must
be able to do in court.
Much of the lawyer's practice is carried on
in his office, not in the courtroom. To prepare
its graduates for the work of counseling,
advising, and planning, the Law School offers
several courses in which the student is called
upon to solve client problems and draw the
legal instruments and documents which the
practicing attorney must be able to prepare.

20

Seminars
Seminars are offered in the second and third
years in a variety of fields . Here the student is
free to select subjects of special interest to him
and to explore new areas of the law. In a
group commonly numbering from 10 to 15,
with the guidance of a senior faculty member,
the student engages in intensive individual
work on some aspect of the general subject
embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut
across traditional disciplinary boundaries and
include materials and participants from such
fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and
political science. Often the seminar student
writes a major paper and presents this product
of his own research and analysis for the critical
consideration of the seminar group.

Legal Writing Skills
Every student is offered the opportunity
during his Law School career to develop his
writing skills. In the first year, he is required
to take a course which provides supervised
experience in written communication with
particular reference to the field of law. In his
second and third years, he gains further
experience in supervised writing. Before
graduation each student completes one or
more of the following:
• Editorial work meeting established standards
on the Northwestern University Law Review,
the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology or the Clearinghouse Review.
• Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court Competition
as a member of a Law School team during
the third year.
• Participation in the Senior Research
Program.
• Enrollment in a seminar which requires
presentation of preliminary and revised
drafts which receive careful editorial
criticism prior to submission of the final
draft of the paper.

Senior Research Program
The Senior Research Program in the third
year is an innovation in legal education
introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a
student with faculty approval may elect to
devote as many as 12 credit-hours- almost
half of his third year-to advanced research
under the personal supervision of one or more
members of the faculty. During his second

�year a student interested in this program may
choose a research subject with the assistance
and approval of a faculty member who is
interested in the same field , and who will serve
as the student's supervisor. Because of the
flexibility of the curriculum , the student may
arrange his schedule to include Law School
courses and seminars which provide necessary
background for the proposed work. In the
third year the student meets at least weekly
with his faculty supervisor to discuss the
progress of the research. The final paper or
report must be approved by a faculty
committee.
The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist"
of the student, but rather to afford the
intellectual experience of exploring a subject to
its depths; of sharpening his powers of analysis,
observation, and communication; and of
making a genuine contribution to research.
Depending upon the nature of the subject,
projects may require research in the law
library, and may also draw upon other
resources, including other libraries in the
University and the community; other
departments of the University, where course or
seminar offerings related to the field of inquiry
may be taken; or the community itself, where
field research may be undertaken. The
program also permits, with careful advance
planning and approval, work in other parts of
the nation or the world. For example, since
1969 faculty-student teams have engaged in
research for periods of six months in several
African nations as a part of the Senior
Research Program.
Faculty participants in the program carry
a classroom teaching load which is lighter than
normal so that they may devote more time to
the research, discussion, and critique necessary
to take the inquiry well beyond the bounds of
traditional individual study projects or seminar
work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the
program grows into joint, cooperative
student-teacher research approaches, more
significant-not only in substance but also in
working relationship-than anything heretofore
possible in a law school setting. A number of
joint books and articles have been published as
a result.
The challenges and rewards promised by the
Senior Research Program are many. As a
supplement to older techniques, the individual
learning and teaching offered by the program
provide significant further enrichment for
students willing and able to meet its demands

for initiative, self-discipline, and hard work.
The program is expected to serve, too, the
School's established goal of making increased
contributions on the frontiers of the law.
Most significant of all, perhaps, are the
opportunities for student and teacher to work
together in concrete ways toward the common
end of advancing the highest traditions of the
law as a learned profession and as a servant
of society.

THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM
In the last century, Northwestern, setting the
norm in legal education, was among the first of
the nation's law schools to require three years
of study for a degree in law. Beginning
st udents enter the Law School in September
and attend the two semesters of the regular
academic year for three years.
During the first year of law study, the
student follows a course designed to provide
an understanding of basic legal principles and
concepts and to give a solid grounding in the
fundamentals indispensable for all branches of
the profession. Here the student encounters the
grand divisions of private law-Property, Tort,
and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law
and Criminal Law. The course in Moot Court
meets in small groups ( 10-15 students) in
which the lawye r's basic tools and the firstyea r student's individual problems in dealing
with them are under careful scrutiny.
Each entering student is assigned a senior
faculty member as adviser. This advisory
relationship is avai lable in the first year to ease
the adjustment to the demands of law study.
Thereafter the adviser becomes guide and
mentor as the student plans the work of his
last two years.
The wide range of electives offered by the
Law School in the second and third years
permits a degree of concentration by the
student wishing it. Moreover, seminars often
provide opportunities for further exploration of
a field in a new context . For example,
questions of criminal procedure may be treated
in a paper written for the Civil Liberties
seminar, or the underpinnings of Constitutional
Law may be studied in a sem inar on
Comparative Law or Jurisprudence. Perhaps
most significant, however, is the opportunity to
sample a wide variety of problems in the law
and to foster new interests thus discovered.
For those courses which have two sections, the
School's policy of scheduling the sections at
21

�different times and often in different semesters
is intended to permit the student to select
virtually any combination of elective courses
he wishes in his last two years.

JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW
AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Under grants from the National Institute of
Mental Health and the National Science
Foundation , Northwestern in 1970 began an
integrated joint degree program leading to both
the J .D. and a Ph.D. in one of the social
sciences. For the student to earn both degrees,
a minimum of five years of work is required,
including four years of courses and a
dissertation year.
The primary objective of this program is to
produce scholars who have the skills necessary
to do basic and applied research on legal
systems. To do such research successfully, it is
essential for the scholar to be fully qualified as
a professional, both in law and in social
science. The graduates of this program will
qualify for admission to the Bar and will be
competent to practice law . They will also be
full y trained in both the theory and methods of
social science, and will be experienced in field
research on legal systems.
In the initial, experimental phase, the

22

program will admit approximately five carefully
selected students per year.
Applicants interested in this program may
write for further information to Mrs. Mae
Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences,
Northwestern University , 357 E. Chicago Ave.,
Chicago , Ill. 60611 .

THE COMBINED M.M.-J.D. PROGRAM
A student may earn the Master of
Management (M .M.) and the Juris Doctor
(J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if
he enrolls in both the Graduate School of
Management and the School of Law as a
participant in the combined degree program.
If earned independently, these degrees would
require a total of five years of study. Under
the combined degree program, the J.D. degree
may be earned by taking a minimum of 75
semester-hours in the School of Law, 3:n
additional 15 semester-hours of credit toward
this degree being given for work completed in
the Graduate School of Management.
Similarly, the M .M. may be earned by taking
18 course units of work, additional credit for
6 course units being given for work completed
in the School of Law. Joint credit is given,
however, only to those enrolled in the program.
The precise order in which work is taken

�William D. Ruckelshaus, then Administrator of the Environmental
Protection Agency, answers student questions following a lecture.

may be determined individually. A typical
program might be a full year of study in one
school and a full year of study in the other,
followed by combined study in both law and
management during the third or fourth years.
Every participant, however, must complete one
academic year of study exclusively in each
school before enrolling for a program of
courses in both schools.
An applicant to the combined degree
program should apply separately to each of the
schools, following procedures prescribed by
each school. To qualify for the combined
program, an applicant must be admitted to both
schools. After admission, the applicant must
signify which school he wishes to attend first.
A student already enrolled in one school may
apply for the combined program by seeking
admission to the other school during his first
year of study in the School of Management or
during either his first or second year of study in
the School of Law.
A student in the combined program may be
considered for financial assistance separately by
each school for the first year he is enrolled in
that school and by both schools during the time
he is taking courses in both schools.

ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
Programs for the second and third years
must have the written approval of the student's
assigned faculty adviser. In their second year,
students may register for no more than one
seminar in any semester. Third-year students
may register in any semester for no more than
two seminars requiring the writing of
substantial papers.
Regular attendance is required in all courses.
No student should enroll in any course without
the intention and capability of satisfying this
requirement. Failure to attend regularly may
cause reduction in grades, loss of credit for
courses, additional remedial work, denial of
residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions
at the discretion of the instructor or the Dean.

EXAMINATIONS
Regular examinations are given in all formal
courses. In accordance with the prevailing
practice in ·legal education, a single final
examination is usually given, without periodic
or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive
treatment of the subject matter and to measure
the student's capacity to work with and master
a substantial body of material. Although
23

�examinations provide the most important
source for determining the student's relative
ac hievement, consideration may also be given
to the written work done in connection with a
course and to the preparation of assignments
for recitation as reflected in classroom
discussion. In seminars, examinations are not
ordinarily given. Grades are based upon the
products of individual research and
participation in the seminar disc ussions .
With the permission of the Dean, students
who are eligible but who for good reason are
unable to take an examination may take the
next regul arly scheduled examination in the
course, take the examination late, or in unusual
cases be given a special examination.

GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
To be recommended for the degree of Juris
Doctor, a student must complete and earn
credit in the 15 semester-hours of th e first
semester; the remaining 12 semester-hours of
req uired first-year courses; and at least 63
se mester hours of elective work ; in not less
than six or more than seven semesters in
residence. After the first semes ter, in order to
remain in good standing the student must earn
sat isfactory grades ( Honors , Satisfactory or
Credit) in at least two-thirds of the credithours completed. For graduation purposes,
sa tisfactory grades must be earned in two-thirds
of the credit hours completed after the first
semes ter, but hours of unsatisfactory but
pass in g credit (graded Pass) may be offset by
hours of Honors. In addition, before
gradu at ion the student must complete at least
one of the following:
• A Senior Research project.
• Participation according to established
standards in the work of the Law Review,
the Journal of Crim inal Law and
Criminology, or the Clearinghouse
Review.
• Participation in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition during the second year
and in the National Moot Court
Competition as a member of a Law
School team during the third year.
• Participation in a seminar in which the
student submits preliminary and revised
drafts for criticism by the instructor prior
to submission of the final paper.
Although the faculty may change the
requirements for graduation at any time, this
responsibility is not exercised so as to place an
24

undue burden upon an enrolled student who
has pl anned his program on the basis of
previously announced requirements.
In addition to these course requirements,
instructors may establish one or more
prerequisites for enrollment in particular
courses and seminars in the second and third
yea rs. Courses listed as concurrent requisites
may be courses taken previously or to be taken
concurrently.

DEGREES
Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of
the University upon students who are
recommended by the faculty of the School of
Law. Before a student is recommended for a
degree, he or she must have satisfied the
faculty as to character, and the student must
have complied with the requirements for the
degree for which he or she is a candidate.
The first degree in law awarded by the
University is the Juris Doctor (J.D.). It is
conferred upon students who have satisfactorily
completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours
of credit in the School of Law, including the
required courses described under Graduation
Requirements above. The work must be
pursued during a residence period of three
academic years or the equivalent. The last
year must be in residence at Northwestern
University School of Law, and in the case of
students transferring from another law school,
a minimum of 30 semester-hours of credit
must be earned at Northwestern.
When the faculty believes that the
candidate's record of scholarship merits special
recognition, the degree may be awarded cum
laude, ,nagna cum laude, or summa cum laude.
Degrees conferred upon students who have
already obtained their first degrees in law are
described in the information concerning
Graduate Study in Law.

COURSE LOAD
Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term,
in the opinion of the faculty, represent the
maximum amount of work which a good
student can do effectively under favorable
conditions. On the other hand, each student is
expected to register for not less than 14
credit-hours of work each term.

LIMITED ENROLLMENT
The seminars and the courses in Trial
Practice are limited in enrollment. The School

�cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll
in a particular seminar or Trial Practice course
can be accommodated .

COURSE NUMBERING
Each Law School curricular offering is
assigned a seven or eight-digit number as
follows:
01 - 320 - 74 Evidence
01 - 310-1 - 56 Civil Procedure I
(The Law School code within the University is
13; it is used to precede course numbers only
where necessary to distinguish Law School
courses from offerings of other schools of the
University.)
The first two digits identify broad fields
of study, as follows:
01 Procedure and Practice
02 Criminal Law
03 Torts
04 Contracts and Contract Consequences
05 Property
06 Family Structure and Arrangements
07 Business Structure and Regulation
08 Taxation
09 Governmental Structure and
Function
10 Admiralty, International Law, and
Foreign Law
1 1 Social Issues
12 Jurisprudence, Legal Philosophy, and
Legal History
The next three ( or four) digits identify the
particular course. The first of these three
digits also identifies level and place in the
curriculum , as follows :
100 Required first-year course
200 Elective course open to first-year
students
300 Upperclass elective course without
prerequisites
400 Upperclass elective course with
prerequisite ( s)
500 Seminar without prerequisites
600 Seminar with prerequisite(s)
700 Clinical course
800 Senior Research
900 (reserved)
Where a course is a part of a subject
sequence, as with Civil Procedure I and II,
the fourth digit identifies both that fact and the
course's placement within the sequence.
The final two•digits identify the section and
instructor.
25

�CURRICULUM
FIRST-YEAR COURSES

Required
Courses

Elective
Course**

Course
Number
04-110-1

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Contracts

Credit
Hours
4

02-110

Criminal Law

3

01-110
05-110
03-110-1

Moot Court
Property
Torts I

*

4
3

Course
Number
04-110-2
09-110

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Name
Contracts II
Constitutional Law

Credit
Hours
2

4

01-120

Legal Profession
Moot Court

1
3

03-110-2

Torts II
Criminal Law
Administration**
or
International Law**
or
Law and Social Change**

3

01-110

02-210

10-210
11-210

Total first-year hours

3
16

•work of Moot co urt continues throughout the academ ic year, but grade and credit are entered o nl y at conclusion of
second semester.
+ •One of the three electives open to first -yea r students is to be chosen.

Mi les Ok umura, '74, presiden t of the J unio r Bar Association , addresses
the a nnua l Alumni Asso c iation Dinn e r in April 1973.

26

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS
(L isted a lphabeti ca lly within ca t egor ies)

Course
Number
07-330
09-310
07-420

Elective
Courses
Offered in
1973 -74

09-340
07-340
,

01-310-1
01-720
01-710
01-340
04-310
10-3 IO
07-3 IO
04-350
06-320-1
01-320
06-310
08-410
08-330
08-310

.

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Accounting
Adminitrative Law
Advanced Business Assaciations-Partnerships
Advanced Problems in
Constitutional Law
Antitrust Law

Credit
Hours

C ivil Procedure I
Clinical Practice
C linical Practice
Orientation
C linical Trial Advocacy
Commercia l Paper
Conflict of Laws
Corporations
Debtor-Creditor Relations
Decedents' Estates
and Trusts I
Evidence
Family Law
Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax

3

2
4
4
4
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3

Labor Law

4

01-720
05-320

Legal Assistance Clinic
Public and Private Control
of Land Use
Secured Transactions
State and Local
Government

4

07-360
01-420

Trademarks. Trade Identity,
and Unfair Trade
Practices
Trial Practice

SECOND SEMESTER
Course
Name
Admiralty

07-340
07-430
01-310-2

Antitrust Law
Business Planning
Civil Procedure II

4
2
2

01-720

Clinical Practice

4

01-340
04-310
10-310
07-410
02-210

Clinical Trial Advocacy
Commercial Paper
Conflict of Laws
Corporate Finance
Crimi nal Law
Administration
Decedents' Estates
and Trusts II
Evidence

Credit
Hours
3

2

07-350

04-320
09-320

Course
Number
10-320

3
2
3

2

06-320-2
01-320
08-410
08-330
08-310
01-410
04-330
05-340
10-210

Federal Corporate
Income Tax
Federal Estate and
Gift Taxation
Federal Individual
Income Tax
Federal Jurisdiction
Insurance Law
Intellect ual Property
International Law

I

3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
3

11-330
11-210
01-720
05-310

The Law and Racism
Law and Social Change
Legal Assistance Cl ini c
Rea l Estate Acquisition
and Disposition

02-310

Scientific Evidence

07-380

Securities Regulation

2

01-420
11-320
11-340

Trial Practice
Welfare Litigation
Women and the Law

2 ,,

2
3
4
3

27

�SECOND AND THIRD-YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont'd

Elective
Seminars
Offered in
1973-74

Course
Number
09-520
01-510

02-530
02-520
11-520
06-610
02-710

FIRST SEMESTER
Course
Name
Civil Liberties
Computers and the Law
Criminal Evidence
Criminal LawCurrent Problems
Economic Development,
Political Modernization
and the Law
Estate Planning
Federal Criminal
Trial Practice

2
2
2

06-610
02-710

09-330
05-510

Urban Housing Problems

2

"• • Offerin gs in the regular curri culum whi ch, although
not offe red in 1973 -74, are expected to be offer ed in
future years.

2
2

10-511
01-520
07-620
11-540
11 -560
11-550

Problems in Law and
Medicine
Real Estate Development

05-520
'

J"

SECOND SEMESTER
Credit
Course
Hours
Name
2
African Law
2
Antitrust Law and Policy
Consumer Protection, Credit
2
Sales and Poverty
2
Criminal Evidence
Economic Analysis and
2
Public Policy

Estate Planning
Federal Criminal
Trial Practice
International Business
Transactions
Introduction to Civil Law
Judicial Administration
Labor Law
Law and Education
Law and Psychiatry

10-530
2
2
2

Credit
Course
Course
Elective
Hours
Number
Name
Courses
09-311 Administrative Law :
and
Regul ation of
Seminars
3
Broadcasting
not offered
in 1973 -74*''' * 07-530 Advanced Problems
in Securities ReguIation (seminar)
2
' 02-540 Criminal Appellate
Advocacy
(seminar)
2
05-330 Environmental Law 3
04-340 Equity, Restitution
and Damages
3
06-620 Fiduciary Administration (seminar) 2
11-310 Law and Poverty
2
08-610 Problems in Taxation of Business
Income (seminar) 2
2
12-310 Legal History
05-520 Real Estate Development (seminar) 2
07-520 Regulated Industries (seminar)
2
08-340 State and Local
2
Taxation
08-620 T ax Policy
(seminar)

Course
Number
10-520
07-610
11-510

02-530
11-530

2

Food and Drug Law
Jurisprudence
Law and Criminology
The Law of the
Common Market
Legislative Process

07-510
12-510
02-510
10-540

28

Credit
Hours
2
2

\·

- -·~·~
,.

....

/

_

2

2
2

2
2

2
2

2

2

�SENIOR RESEARCH
Senior Research may be taken by third-year
students for 4 to 12 credit-hours in one or two
semesters (minimum of 4 hours credit in first
semester taken) in any field of study upon
agreement with supervising professor, subject
to the rules governing the program which are
available from the Registrar's Office or the
Director of Research.

DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR
OFFERINGS
(Listed in order of course number)

Numbers in parentheses following instructors' names are section numbers, which also
serve to identify instructors.

01-110 MOOT COURT
Messrs. Barack,
Course (3 hours)
Slater, Lewis &amp;
First and
Assistants in Instruction
Second Semesters
(03 / 64)
One hour credit given in the first semester; two
hours credit given in the second semester. After
an introductory study of the process of trial and
appellate litigation , the first semester's work
consists of the writing of several papers, long and
short, designed to require the use of the various
tools of legal research and to give practice in the
written analysis of legal problems. Frequent
meetings in small groups with an Assistant in
Instruction ; individual tutorials with a Teaching
Associate; occasional lectures and meetings of the
full class. The second semester's work consists of
moot court cases raising legal issues of current
interest, briefed and argued before the Supreme
Co urt of Northwestern with practicing attorneys
and members of the faculty on the bench.
Emphasis on appel late procedure, brief writing
and oral argument.
01-120 LEGAL PROFESSION
Course (I hour)
Mr. Spalding (65)
Second Semester
An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession and the individual
lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining
the term "practice of law" ( often described as the
-- unauthorized practice" problem) ; providing
adequate legal services for all (the poor; the
middle-income client; the unpopular client) ; rules
against solicitation and advertising; restriction on
the kinds of cases a lawyer can take ( conflict-ofinterest situations, the "guilty client," the "unjust
cause"); restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in
representing a client; the fiduciary relationship of
lawye r to client (fees, investing in a client's
business); problems of professional discipline; the
role of the bar as an institution in improving
professional standards and in law reform .
Materials to be announced.

01-310-1 CIVIL PROCEDURE I
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Reese (56); Waltz (74)
Structure and organization of the federal and state
judicial sys tems ; jurisdiction over the person and
subject matte r; process and pleadings ; parties ;
joinder of actions; pre-trial motion practice ;
inspection and discovery; division of function
between judge and jury; summary judgment;
judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and
collatera l estoppel; appe llate review. Reese, Cases
on Civil Procedure (multilithed), Federal Rules
of Civil Procedure for the United States District
Courts (Mr. Reese); Waltz, Cases on Pleading
and Procedure (multi li thed), and Federal Rules
of Ci1•il Procedure for the United States District
Courts (Mr. Waltz).
01-310-2 CIVIL PROCEDURE II
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Redish (55);
Second Semester
Reese (56)
A continuation of C ivil Procedure I ; see course
description for C ivil Procedure I. Materials to
be announced (Mr. Redish) ; Reese, Cases on
Cil'il Procedure (multilithed) , Federal Rules of
Ci ,·il Procedure for the United States District
Co urts (Mr. Reese) .
01-320 EVIDENCE
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Garland (25)
First Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Second Semester
The tests and concepts of relevance ; the hearsay
rule and its exceptions; competency and
examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion
of evidence; demonstrative evidence; writings;
presumptions and privileges. Louisell, Kaplan , and
Waltz, Cases and Materia ls on Evidence.
01-330 FEDERAL JURISDICTION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Reese (56)
History of the federal judicial system; structure
and business of the federal courts; nature of the
federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship ;
federal questions ; jurisd ictional amount; removal
jurisdiction ; venue ; law applicable in federal
courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state
courts; jurisdiction of courts of appeals and
Supreme Co urt. Hart and Wechsler, The Federal
Courts and the Federal System 2nd ed., 1973.
The Judicial Code and Rules of Procedure in the
Federal Courts.
01-340 CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Garland, Geraghty,
First and Second Semesters
et. al. (24)
Training in the art of trial advocacy to prepare
students for clinical practice and trial practice.
Students' skills will be developed and tested by
presentation of solutions to trial problems at
29

�weekly sessions of the Circuit Court of
Northwestern, Clinical Division. Trial problems
will require students to examine witnesses,
introduce other evidence (including the testimony
of expert witnesses) , present opening and closing
arg ument s. and select juries. In addition to
problems. eac h stude nt will bear responsibility for
the preparation and tri al of a crimin al or civi l
case ( or cases). These complete mock trials wi ll
take place before mock juries and the students'
performances wi ll be judged and reviewed by
other students, faculty. practicing lawyers, and
judges. Materials to be announced.

01-420 TRIAL PRACTICE
Course (I hour)
First and Second Semesters

Mr. Hanley (83);
Mr. Stifler (98)

An introduction to litigation in which the student
prepares, pleads, and tries a relatively uncomplicated civil action. The witness interview, the
preparation of pleadings, discovery steps, the
selection of a jury, the opening statement, direct
and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses,
and the closing argument. A complete mock trial
presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of
Cook County to take the place of a final
examination. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and
E ridence. Materials to be announced.

01-510 COMPUTERS AND THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Roberts &amp; Sprowl (96)
The ro le of compu ters in the practice of law and
in litiga tion ; legal problems encountered in
computer installation and utilization . and in the
computer-oriented society; the procedural and
su bstantive impact of computer technology upon
the law; computerized legal resea rch and law
retriev al; and an introduction to computer
programming, with emphas is upon legal text
manipulation. Materials to be announced.
01-520 JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semest~r
Mr. Spalding (65)
Consideration of some of the major problems
besetting the administration of justice-staffing,
crowded dockets and delay ; means of selection,
retention and recall of judges; qualifications of the
judicia ry ; cost of litigation ; the jury system; and
the like-and possible ways to meet these
problems. Guest speakers and visits to several
types of courts in the Chicago area. Materials to
be announced.
01-710 CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION
Legal Clinic Staff
Course (I hour)
Mr. Hyman , Co-ordinator (34)
First Semester
Required of all second-year students working in
the Legal Clinic, of third-ye ar students who are
work ing in the Clinic for the first time, and of
30

those taking the Clinical Practice course, although
it may be taken by others. Third-year students
who have wo rked in the C linic in the past may
also enroll. A survey of the basic legal rules in
the field s most frequently encountered at the
Clinic and other age ncies and programs, including
criminal procedure, domestic relations, housing,
consumer. welfare and not-for-profit corporations
law, highlighting some of the issues most
amenab le to creative approaches in litiga tion.
Development of litigation techniques and
interviewing skills and discussion of the structure
of the court system in Chicago. Materials to be
announced .

01-720 CLINICAL PRACTICE
Course (4 hours)
Ms. Crawford, Mr. Eovaldi,
First and Second
Mr. Garland , Mr. Geraghty,
Semesters
Mr. Hyman, et. al. (11)
Open to third-year students who devote 12 hours
per week tociinical practice at the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic, Federal Defender
Progra m, Consumer Fraud Division of the Illinois
State Attorney General's Office, or at other
age ncies or organizations approved by the Law
School for clinical practice. Training in
counse ling, interviewing, litigation problems and
techniques, and in substa ntive and procedural law
particularly relevant to the clinical program
chosen. Students enrolled in the course are
required to apply for certification under Illinois
Supreme Co urt Rule 711 , the Illinois student
practice rule . This rule allows third-year law
students, under certain circ umstances, to practice
in the Illinois State courts. Prerequisite or
concurrent req uisite: Clinical Practice Orientation
and a trial practice course. For admission to the
program at the Northwestern Legal Clinic,
completion of or enrollment in Clinical Practice
Orientation is a prerequisite. Supervisors of other
clinical programs may or may not require Clinical
Practice Orientation as a prerequisite. Preference
in ga ining ad mission to the Legal Clinic program
will be given to those students who have
satisfactorily completed one semester of volunteer
work at the C linic or who have volunteered for
such work. Students may enroll either for one
se mester or for both semesters of their third year.
Materials to be announced.

01-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE
AND PRACTICE
02-110 CRIMINAL LAW
Messrs. Heinz (31);
Course (3 hours)
lnbau (35)
First Semester
Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations
of the criminal law ; specific crimes, including
murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault,
larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and
robbery ; doctrines of criminal responsibility

�including the defense of mental impairment;
uncompleted criminal conduct and criminal
combinations. Inb a u, Thompson, and Sowle,

Cases a11d Comme11ts on Criminal Justice, Vol. I
(3d ed.).

02-210 CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Garland (25) ;
Second Semester
Inbau (35)
A survey of the criminal process from arrest
through collateral attacks upon convictions,
emphasi zing prevailing practices and limita tions of
both a constitutional and a non-constitutional
dimension. Inbau , Thompson, Haddad , Zagel , and
Starkm an , Cases and Comments on Criminal
Procedure.
02-310 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Course (1 hour)
Second Semester
Mr. lnbau (35)
The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids
in the trial of civil and criminal cases. Scientific
experts participate as guest lecturers. Materials
to be announced.
02-510 LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
Semina r (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Heinz (31)
C onsideration of the determinants of society's
action in labeling something ·•criminal ," and the
common characteristics of the things so labeled;
survey of theories about why people commit
crimes and what will deter them ; and an
attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal
law-i .e. whose values the criminal law expresses.
Materi a ls to be announced.
02-520 CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT
PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Inbau (35)
A consideration , in depth , of selected current
problems in the administration of crimina l justice .
Ma teri a ls to be a nnounced.

02-530 CRIMINAL EVIDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
First and
Mr. Aspen (86)
Second Semesters
Mr. Bronner (88)
An e xamination of the trial processes of a
crimina l case. The seminar will focus on strategy
and procedure in the trial of a criminal jury case,
plea ba rgaining. the preparation of witnesses, the
selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination ,
preparation and argument of motion and
preliminary he arings. the presentation of expert
testimony , arguments to the court and jury and
sentencing procedures . Ma terials to be announced.
02-540 CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973 -74)

02-710 FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL
PRACTICE
Seminar (I hour)
First and Second Semesters
Mr. Garland (25)
Discussion and analysis of criminal trial practice
in the Federal C ourts. Students will be assigned
to Federal Defender Panel a ttorneys and will
assi st those attorneys in preparing and trying
federa l criminal cases. C lassroom sessions will
center on discussion of problems and issues
arising out of federal criminal trial work against
the b;ckground of student experiences in the
Federal Defender Program. Classroom sessions
will a lso include student participation in exercises
dealing with problems encountered in federal
criminal litigation. Students may enroll for either
or both semesters but preference in admission to
the seminar will be given to those who enroll for
both semesters. Materials to be announced.

02-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
CRIMINAL LAW
03-110-1 TORTS I
Course (3 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Redish (55) ; Slater ( 64)
Protection of persona lity, property, and relational
interests against physical , appropriational, and
defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass , nuisance,
negligence. respondeat superior, conversion, deceit,
priva cy, slander, libel , seduction, alientation of
a ffections , malicious prosecution , inducement of
breach of contract and unfair competition; liability
of physicians, hospitals , landowners, public service
companies , builders, contractors, governmenta l
bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and
common carriers; operation of the judicial process
as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases.
Prosser and W ade , Cases and Materi als in Torts
(Mr. Redish) ; Materials to be announced (Mr.
Slater).

03-110-2 TORTS II
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester

Messrs. Redish (55);
Rosenblum (57)

A continuation of Torts I ; see course description
for Torts I. Materials to be announced.

03-810

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS

04-110-2 CONTRACTS II
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Bennett (05);
DuBose (17)
A continuation of Contracts dealing with Article 2
of the Uniform Commercial Code. The sales
contract, prepayment, risk of loss and rights of
creditors and purchasers before delivery of the
goods to the buyer ; remedies of the buyer when
the goods are non-conforming and the right of
the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on the

31

�huyer's default; selected problems of the letter of
credit and credit card transaction. Materials to
be announced.

04-110-1 CONTRACTS I
Course (4 hours)
Messrs. Bennett (05);
First Semester
DuBose (17)
Study of contract doctrines and their use in the
judicial process; an introduction to contract
remedies ; formation , performance. a nd discharge
of contracts, including third party beneficiaries,
assignment. impossibility a nd fru stra tion , conditi o ns a nd the Statute of Frauds. Co ntrac tu al
aspects of the law of agency. Attentio n is given
to certain portions of the Uniform Co mmercial
Code which relate to contracts for th e sa le of
goods. Materials to be announced .

04-310 COMMERCIAL PAPER
Co urse (3 hours)
First a nd Second Semesters
Mr. C ha mberlin

(09)

The law of the money substitutes a nd credit
devices ( nego ti a ble instruments) , particularly
checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods
a nd services; the concept of nego tiability: its

32

history a nd importa nce in the distribution and
credit systems: the commanding rights of the
holder in due co urse; moderating effect of the
formal requisites of negotiabilit y, negotiation,
tra nsfe r, holding and holding in due course; rights
and liabilities of the parties, and of banks and
others dealing with negotiable instruments in a
variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses
among the parties or their insurers resulting from
forgeries . alterations and other frauds; selected
problems in the check collection process. Farnsworth a nd Honnold , Comm ercial Law, Cases and
Materials (2nd ed.): U11ifor111 Co111111crcial Code.
I972 Official Text a nd Comment.

04-320 SECURED TRANSACTIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Gordon (27)
Secured financing of co mmercial and co nsumer
goods with special reference to transac tio ns in
mo to r vehicles. fixtur es. inventory and receivables;
consignm ent s. equipment leasin g and field
warehou sin g: sec urity int ere sts in proceeds of the
collateral a nd after- ac quired propert y; prio rities,
with de tail ed considera ti on of the priorities of the
purc hase mo ney securit y interest, the buyer in
o rdin a ry co urse a nd the fed eral tax lien. Extensive

�attention will be given to the problems of the
security interest under appropriate sections of the
Federa l Bankruptcy Act. Farnsworth a nd
Honnold. Co 111111 ercial Lt11v , C ases and Materials
(2nd Ed.) Uniform Commercial Code , 1972
Official Text with Comments.

04-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS
AND &lt;.;ONTRACT CONSEQUENCES

INSURANCE LAW
Co urse (3 hours)
Mr. C hamberlin (09)
Second Semeste r
Basics of insurance law including the principles of
indemnit y, insurable interes t. and subrogation ; the
form ation and construction of co ntracts for various
types o f insurance (the solicitation and sale of
insurance . auth o rit y of brokers and age nt s, the
effect of binders and binding receipts); the risk
tra nsferred from insured to insurer and the
definition and control of such risk (coverage
provisions, represe ntation , warranties, the doctrine
of concealment. etc.) ; recove ry by insured
notwithstanding contract terms ( waivers, estoppels,
reform ation of contract, etc. ); se ttlement of
claim s; and governmental regul ation and sponsorship of insur ance. Keeton , /11s11ra11ce Law-Basic
Text (recommended): Keeton , Case Supplement
on Basic Text on Insurance Law (required) .

Int rod uction to the law of real and personal
property. Historical background; basic property
co nce pts: selected problems in personal property ;
the creati o n of possesso ry interests in fee , fee tail ,
for li fe and the legal incidents of each; landlord
and tenant. with emphasis on contemporary
problems; creation and incidents of future interests
at common law; rule in Shelley's case; doctrine of
worthier title ; origin of equitable interests ;
concurrent interests. Casner and Leach, Cases
mul Te.rt 011 Property (2d ed.). and multilithed
materials.

04-330

04-340 EQUITY, RESTITUTION AND
DAMAGES
Course (3 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
04-350 DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Eovald i (20)
A survey of the rights and duties of deb tors and
creditors in such co mm o n law and statutory
proceedings as jud gments by confession. enforcement of wa ge assi gnm ent s. reple vin. attachment.
garn ishment. wage dedu ction , supplementary
proceedings. exec utions aga inst persons and
propert y. general ass ignm ents, compositions,
proceedings to set aside fraudulent co nveyances
wi th particular at tenti on to evolving constitutional
and stat utory protections of consumer debtors,
including exemptions from execution on wages
and propert y. limitation s on a creditor's ability
to obtain a defici ency judgment, and limitations
on extra-judic ial collection efforts. Outline of the
Federal Bankruptcy Act with par ticul ar attention
to the provisions covering liquidation and
distribution of the bankrupt's estate, and the
effectiveness of and procedures for obtai ning a
discharge of the bankrupt's debts. Co nsideration
of alternat ives to straigh t bankruptcy, such as
wage-earner plans under C hapter XIII of the
Bankruptcy Act and of the numerous proposals
for change of the debt collection process and for
alternatives to the present ba nkruptcy system.
Materials to be announced.

05-110 PROPERTY
Cou.se ( 4 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Gordon (24);
Schuyler (62)

REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION
AND DISPOSITION
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Goldman (26)
Second Semester
An a nal ys is of the basic elements of land acquisition and tra nsfer- the real estate sales contract,
deeds, rc::cording and registration of land titles,
abstracts of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development
financin g includ ing federal programs and secured
lending devices ; an exploration of additional
selected legal problems such as cooperative and
condominium -devel opments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced .
05-310

05-320 PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL
OF LAND USE
Co urse (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Spalding (65)
A survey of the devices available both in private
and in public law to control the use of land. On
the private law side, both consensual arrangements
(easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and
tort devices ( nuisance and trespass) are considered .
On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning,
subdivision control, and pollution control schemes.
These various approaches to control are considered functionally-th at is, as they bear upon
related factual situations-rather than doctrinally.
Spa ldin g, Cases and Materials 0 11 Uses of th e
E11l'iro11me11t (2d tentat ive edition-multilithed).
05-330 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Co urse (3 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)

33

�05-340 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Course (2 hours)
Messrs. Lungmus &amp;
Second Semester
Tilton (91)
Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering
principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets,
know-how, confidential disclosures, and the
licensing or assignment of intellectual property.
Multilithed materials.
05-510 URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Tucker (99)
Study of methods and problems concerning provision of an adequate supply of standard housing
through government programs and private action.
Materials to be announced.
05-520 REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74)
05-810

SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY

06-310 FAMILY LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Beckstrom (04)
A study of the legal problems involved in
formation, maintenance, and dissolution of the
family with particular emphasis on the problems
of family breakdown and dissolution of marriage,
child custody, illegitimacy, and adoption. Paulson,
Wadlington and Goebel, Cases on Domestic
Relations (1970) .
06-320-1 DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND
TRUSTS I
Course (3 hours)
Messrs. Berger (84);
First Semester
Chamberlin (09)
Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power;
execution and revocation of wills; will contests;
admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or
deed; contracts to make wills; will substitutes,
including insurance, joint tenancy, and revocable
living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift
provisions; termination of trusts ; insurance trusts.
Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials
on Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.).
06-320-2 DECEDENT'S ESTATES AND
TRUSTS II
Course (3 hours)
Mr. Schuyler (62)
Second Semester
Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers
of appointment and the rule against perpetuities;
introduction to fiduciary administration. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie,
Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on
Decedents' Estates and Trusts ( 4th ed.).

34

06-610 ESTATE PLANNING
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Instructor to be announced.
Second Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and other purposes in
the light of the principles from the fields of
decedents' estates and trusts, corporations, future
interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and
income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical
problems in estate planning provide exercises in
drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites: Federal Estate and Gift
Taxation and Federal Individual Income Taxation
and Federa l Corporate Income Tax. Materials to
be announced .
06-620 FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION
Semin ar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
06-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY
STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS
07-310 CORPORATIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester

Messrs. Barack (03) ;
Ruder (58)

A study of the commo n law, federal and state
statutory and administrative framework for the
operation of the modern corporation. Attention
will be directed to problems of organization,
distribution of powers, fiduciary relationships, the
regulation of sec urities transactions, proxy and
reporting requirements, the special problems of
close corporations , and corporate derivative and
class actions. Cary, Cases and Materials on
Corporations .

07-330 ACCOUNTING
Course (I hour)
First Semester

Mr. Brady (87)

Principles of accounting and the relationship of
law and accounting. Open only to students who
have earned no more than three hours of college
credit in accounting. Fiflis and Kripke, Accounting
fo r Business Lawyers ( 1971).

07-340 ANTITRUST LAW
Course (4 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Rahl (54) &amp; Slater (64)
Second Semester
Slater
Federal , state, and foreign comparative law and
policy on competition and monopoly ; antitrust law
concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of
trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents,
boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination , resale price maintenance, unfair methods
of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow
and Bork, Cases on Government Regulation of
Business (1963) and Rahl and Slater, Cases and
Materials on Antitrust Law (1973-multilithed).

�07-350 LABOR LAW
Course (4 hours)
Mr. Hillman (32)
First Semester
An examination of the legal framework for the
establishment of the terms and conditions of
em ployment through collective bargaining. The
modern labor union will also be viewed as a
concentration of economic and political power, as
a participant in the managerial process, and as a
quasi-public in stitution as regards its relationships
with its members and the general economy. The
roles and limitations of leg islative, administrative
and judicial powe r in the collective bargaining
process and in the resolution of industrial conflict
will be studied. Meltzer, Labor Law: Cases,
MMerials and Problems.
07-360 TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY,
AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester Messrs. Hilliard &amp; Pattishall (95)
The principles of the common and statutory law
protecting the means for identifying the source
and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal
a nd state trademark statutes, federal adversary and
other proceedin gs respecting trade mark registration. Dece ptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade
practices by the Federal Trade Commission and
others. Cases and .l\1aterials on Trademarks, Trade
Iden tity u11d Unfair Trade Practices (multilithed).
07-380 SECURITIES REGULATION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Ruder (58)
Federal regul ation of broker dealers, stock
exchanges. and investment companies . Civil
li ab ilities for violation of sec urities laws. The
role of the Securities and Exc hange Commission
and new developments in the structure of the
capital markets . Prerequisi/e: Corpora/ion Finance.
Jennings and Marsh. Securities Regula/ion.
07-410 CORPORATION FINANCE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Barack (03);
Ruder (58)
An exam ination of corporate financial matters,
including the federal regulation of securities
distributions unde r the Securities Act of I 933 ,
corporate capital structure and leverage, enterprise
and securities valuation. the financial protection
of security holders and creditors, and fairness and
shareholder protection in mergers and acquisitions.
Brudney and C hirelstein, Cases and Malerials on
Corpora/e Finance , and multilithed materials.
Prerequisi/e: Corporations.

07-420 ADVANCED BUSINESS
ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Shapiro (97)
First Semester
Analysis of alternative forms of business organization s, with special emphasis upon format ion,
operation , and dissolution of partnerships and
limited pa rtnerships. Development of the partnership as a sop hi sticated substitute for the corporate
form . Prereq uisite: Corporation Finance. Materials
to be announced.
07-430 BUSINESS PLANNING
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Shapiro (97)
Advanced problems in corporation finance ,
including corporate organi za tion , distributions,
reca pitalization and reorgan ization. Emphasis will
be placed upon problems of financing corporations,
with concurrent exami nation of problems in
co rporate. tax and securities law. Prerequisites:
Corporation Fi11a11 ce and Federal Corporate
l11 co111e Taxation. Materials to be announced.
07-510 FOOD AND DRUG LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Messrs. Burditt &amp;
M. Thompson (89)
A survey of the content of federal and state food ,
drug. and cosmetic laws, with emphasis on the
Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the
legal and practical problems associated with their
application and administration. Christopher, Cases
a11d Malerials on Food and Drug Law.
07-520 REGULATED INDUSTRIES
Seminar (2 hours)
(No t offered in 1973-74.)
07-530 ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN
SECURITIES REGULATION
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
07-610 ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester Messrs. Rahl (54) &amp; Slater (64)
Advanced study of antitrust law and policy;
se lected antitrust problems of mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other
areas: consideration of underlying policy questions
and development of facts and legal theories for
particular problems. Prerequisite: A ntitrus/ Law.
Materials to be announced .
07-620 LABOR LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester

Mr. Hillman (32)

An intensive study of selected issues relating to
the collective bargaining process, public labor
policy and the union as a quasi-public institution.
Prerequisite: Labor Law. Multilithed materials.

35

�07-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS
STRUCTURE AND REGULATION
08-310 FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME
TAX
Cou rse (3 hours)
Mr. Kirby (36)
First Semester
Mr. Thompson (69)
Second Semester
An in troduct ion to the stat ute on federal income
taxatio n. with emphasis on the taxation of
individuals. es ta tes and trusts. on family property
ar rangements and common business transactions;
th e ad ministrative and judicial processes in
resolving in co me tax controversies. Pedrick and
Kirby. ·The Study of Federal Tax Laws: Income
Tax Volume" (Mr. Kirby) ; Materials to be
a nnounced (Mr. Thompson).
08-330 FEDERAL EST ATE AND GIFT
TAXATION
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
Seco nd Semester
Mr. Thompson (69)
T he imp ac t of the federal estate a nd gift taxes on
various types of property transfers during life and
at death . Pedrick and Kirby. The Study of
Federal Tax Law: Estate and Gift Tax Vo lum e
(Mr. Kirby and Mr. Thompson).

08-410 FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME
TAX
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Thompson (69)
Second Semester
Mr. Kirby (36)
The federal in come taxation of business entities,
corporations and partnerships; the incorporation

36

process. recapitalization. reorganization of businesses: the treatment of Subchapte r Selecting
corporations. Prerequisite : Federal /11di1•idual
In come Tax. Pedrick and Kirby , "The Study of
Federa l Tax Law: Income Tax Volume" (Mr.
Kirby); Wolfman, "Federal Income Taxation of
Business Enterprise" (Mr. Thompson).

08-340 ST ATE AND LOCAL TAXATION
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
08-610 PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF
BUSINESS INCOME
Seminar (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973 -74 .)
08-620 TAX POLICY
Seminar ( I hour)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
08-810

SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION

09-110 CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Course (4 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs . Gordon (27);
Nathanson (46)
The judicial role in constitutional interpretation ;
procedural fundamentals of constitutional litigation: distribution of powers within the federal
government and between federal and state governments: introduction to the constitutional guarantees
of personal and political freedoms, social privileges. and property rights. Gunther a nd Dowling,
Cases and Materia l 011 Co11stitutio11al Law (8th
ed.) .

�09-310 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Co urse (3 hours)
Messrs. Nathanson (46);
First Semester
Rosenblum (56)
A general introduction to the legal problems of
the administrative process in both federal and state
governments, including the constitutional framework within which the ad ministrative agencies
operate; the role of administrative discretion in the
development of public policy; the administrative
interpretatio:1 of statutes; investigatory and factfinding processes of administrative agencies; the
requirements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure ; and the methods and scope of
judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe
and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and
Materials.

09-311 ADMINISTRATIVE LAW:
REGULATION OF BROADCASTING
Course (3 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
09-320 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mrs. Netsch (48)
Selected topics from the field of state and local
government with special emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan
areas and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving intergovernmental conflicts. Materials to be announced.
09-330 THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Mikva (92)
A study of legislative procedures as an aid to
legislative analysis . A st udy of the use and making
of legislat ive history. The course will focus on
how laws are made in order to measure and
construe their lega l bite. Studies will be made of
the legislative process at all levels of government.
Materials to be announced.
09-340 ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Todd (70)
Emphasis on individual rights , the fourteenth
amendment to the U.S. Co nstitution and crucial
contemporary constitutional crises. Gunther and
Dowling. /11di1 ·id11al Rights i11 Constitutional Law:
Cases and Materials, supplemented by accounts
in the news medi a of contemporary constitutional
issues.
09-520 CIVIL LIBERTIES
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Nathanson (46)
[ntensive study of selected current problems of
freedom of speech, press, association, and religion;
separation of church and state; equality of

political. social , and economic opportunity; and
other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Co nsideration
will be given to underlying philosophical conceptions , to comparable problems in other democratic
societies. and to international protection of hum an
rights. Materials to be announced.

09-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENT AL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
10-210 INTERNATIONAL LAW
Co urse (3 hours)
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
An introduction to international law. Bases of
jurisd iction in the internatio nal community;
resolution of conflicts of legal systems; nature and
sources of international law ; membership;
standards for internation al trade and investment ;
international and regional courts and organizations ;
control of the use of force in internat ional
disputes. Materials to be announced.
10-310 CONFLICT OF LAWS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
Mr. Nekam (47)
A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments;
limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith
and credit; constitutional control of choice of Jaw;
theories and practice in choice of law. Brief
review of jurisdiction of courts. Cramton and
C urrie , Conflict of Laws (Mr. MacChesney);
Reese. and Rosenberg, Cases 011 Conflict of Lall's
(Mr. Nekam).
10-320 ADMIRALTY
Course (3 hours)
Mr. MacChesney (42)
Second Semester
General principles of adm iralty. Jurisdiction, the
maritime lien. carriage of goods, sa lvage, general
average, marine insurance, claims of maritime
wo rkers. collision, and the limitation of liability.
Healy and C urrie. Cases on Admiralty.
I0-5ll INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Schwerin (63)
St udies exploring. with the aid of historical
information. the influence of social, religious,
political. and economic ideas and institutions upon
the development of Anglo-American common law
and of Continental civil law . Selected problems
on sources and movements in civil law, codes
anti precedent, development of courts and of the
legal profession. Materials to be announced.
10-520 AFRICAN LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Nekam (04)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal system of an
emerging African state and the interest this offers
to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of
customary law anti its administration, questions
37

�of constitutional law and the Jaw of conflicts, the
impact of foreign concepts and values. Materials
to be announced.

10-530 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS
TRANSACTIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Barack (03)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal problems of doing
business abroad. including corporate organization.
tax planning. offshore financing and foreign
financial institutions. antitrust problems. problems
of international trade and investment. agency and
distribution agreements, and industrial property
protection and licensing. Materials to be
announced .
10-540 THE LAW OF THE COMMON
MARKET
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Nicholson (94)
A study of the institutions and developing law of
the European Economic Community. Written
paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and
Materials

011

the Law and Institutions of the

A 1/a11tic Area and multilithed materials.

10-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN
ADMIRALTY, INTERNATIONAL LAW
AND FOREIGN LAW
11-210 LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. Heinz (31);
Hillman (32)
A survey of relation~hips between the legal and
social orders. Consideration will be given both to
the legal order as an affirmative instrument of
social, political and economic change and to the
processes through which the legal order accommodates to such change. Specific illustrations of
the role of the legal order in balancing the
elements of progress and stability will also be
examined. Materials to be announced .
11-310 LAW AND POVERTY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
11-320 WELFARE LITIGATION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Bennett (05)
An examination of the rapidly developing law
defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare
recipients and problems of litigation, particularly
federal jurisdictional problems, encountered in
vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for
reform of the welfare system and the extent to
which these may alter the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against
the background of the present law. Prerequisite:
Civil Procedure I. Materials to be announced.

38

11-330 LAW AND RACISM
Course (2 hours)
Mr. Todd (70)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal found ations of some
of the major issues ari sing out of the relationship
between races in the United States; identification
and discussion of unresolved current and future
issues affecting blacks. women and other oppressed
groups. Community persons are called in to share
their experiences. Materials to be announced.
11-340 WOMEN AND THE LAW
Instructor to
Course ( 2 or 3 hours)
be announced
Second Semester
A consideration of sex roles in contemporary
society as they are shaped. constrained or liberated
by doctrines of constitutional law, family law,
labor law, property law and the like ; emphasis on
the societal contexts in which doctrin al development occurred and in which it operates today .
Materials to be announced.
11-510 CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT
SALES AND POVERTY
Seminar (2 hours)
Mr. Eovaldi (20)
Second Semester
An examination of the legal, economic, historical
and social setting for the sales of consumer goods
on credit with particular emphasis on the legal
problems of poor persons. The course examines
the installment credit sale process, legislative and
judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and
efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of
the selling and collection process. Statutes such as
the Truth-in-Lending Act and the Fair Credit
Reporting Act and proposals such as the Uniform
Consumer Credit Code and the Nation al Consumer Credit Act will be discussed . Multilithed
materials.

11-520 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT,
POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND
THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
The economics of development and the economic
and political problems confronting developing
societies. The role of law and legal institutions in
facilitating economic growth and in establishing
the legitimacy of the political order. Materials
to be announced.

11-530 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND
PUBLIC POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. de Schweinitz (16)
Economic and legal aspects of the policies
industrial societies use to influence the growth
and stability of income, the concentration of
economic power, and the external balance of
payments. Materials to be announced.

�11-540 LAW AND EDUCATION
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Rosenblum (57)
Analysis of the statutory, constitutional and
public policy considerations affecting the structure
and processes of education in the United States.
A major focus on the governance of educational
institutions in both public and private sectors; e.g.,
the roles and responsibilities of trustees, administrators, faculty , and students. Materials to be
announced.
11-550 PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Mr. Waltz (74)
Selected topics involving the interaction of law
and medicine. e.g ., problems of health care
delivery, tort liability of physicians, expert testimony, testimonial privileges, homotransplantation,
human experimentation, innovative therapy,
genetic screening and counseling. Waltz and
Wadlington, Problems in Law and Medicine
(multilithed).

11-560 LAW AND PSYCHIATRY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
Messrs. DuBose (17);
Schneider (85)
An examination of the assumptions, purposes and
practices of the legal and psychiatric disciplines
as they converge upon problems of mental illness
in the civil and criminal law. Materials to be
announced.
11-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL
ISSUES
12-310 LEGAL HISTORY
Course (2 hours)
(Not offered in 1973-74.)
12-510 JURISPRUDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
Mr. Nekam (47)
Problems connected with the nature of the law, its
purpose, its origin and development. Legal values;
the idea of justice; natural law ; sanctions. Materials to be announced.
12-810 SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE, LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND
LEGAL HISTORY

Willard Wirtz (right), former faculty member who was Secretary of Labor
from 1962 to 1969, talks with students during a visit to the School.

39

�HONORS AND PRIZES
THE ORDER OF THE COIF
In I 907 the Order of the Coif was founded
at Northwestern, and it has since become the
recogni zed national honor society in legal
education with chapters, numbering more than
45, established in most of the lead ing
law schools. The Northwestern chapter of the
Order of the Co if annu ally elects from the
senior class a number of persons , not exceeding
IO percent of the class, who on the basis of
scholarship and character are deemed worthy
of the honor.
THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
LAW REVIEW
Selection of the student members of the
Board of Editors of the Northwestern University Law Review is based upon scholastic
stand in g and competitive writing.
THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW
/\ND CRIMINOLOGY
Second and third-year students are invited to
join the staff of the Jo11mal of Crim inal Law
on the basis of outstanding scholastic
achievement and demonstrated writing ability.
CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW
Staff membership on the Clearinghouse
Review is open to second and third-year
students based on interest and ability in writing
a nd research.
WIGMORE KEY
Established in 1949-50, the award is made
hy the Junior Bar Association to the member
of the senior class who has done most for the
School toward preserving its traditions. Select ion is made by the graduating class and the
faculty.
THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES
Income from a fund established by the
late Frank 0. Lowden , Class of 1887,
is used annually to provide prizes totaling
approximately $400. In accordance with the
wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on
the basis of competitions designed to test the
ability to marshal authorities, to present
arguments effectively in written form, and to
speak lucidly and convincingly in public.
BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE
Income from a fund of $15,000 established
by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used

40

annually to provide two prizes for papers
prepared by students dealing with the Law of
I .ocal Government. The first prize is
approximately $400 and the second prize
about $200. Each winner also receives a
u :rtificate and a key.
THE HYDE PRIZE
The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift
of Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded
not more often than once in two years, under
such conditions as the faculty may impose, for
the best paper written by a student in the
School of Law on some subject relating to
international law.
MOOT COURT PLAQUE
To recognize excellence in the skills of
brief writing and oral argument, the January
1962 Graduating C lass provided a plaque on
which is engraved each year the names of the
lilcmbcrs of the winning team in the Julius H .
i'vl in er Moot Court Competition. The plaque
i, o n display in the Law School.
AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS
The publishers of American Jurisprudence
give a volume of that publication covering a
particular subject as a prize to the student
making the highest grade in that subject. These
prizes are awarded semi-annually.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
JNSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL
AWARD
A plaque and a year's complimentary
, ubscription to the Insurance Counsel Journal
arc awarded annually to the student receiving
i he highest grade in the course in Insurance.
PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD
Each year Prentice-Hall, Inc. awards a threevolume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s)
attaining the highest grade in each of the
recleral Taxation courses.
INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL
EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR
PRIZES
A choice of one of the Institute's most recent
and most comprehensive handbooks is
awarded to the outstanding student in each of
the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25
certificate to be used for any Institute course is
awarded to each of two students selected from
ihose who participate in the National Moot
Court Competition.

��SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS
In the total educational program of the Law
School, the formal course work within the
curriculum is supplemented by a variety of
additional offerings. Lectures by distinguished
scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United
States and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to
the regular courses and emphasize the broader
public obligations of the profession. In
recognition of the Law School's role in the life
of the profession , the community, and the
nation, conferences are held which bring
together leaders of thought and action for
discussion of subjects of major public
importance. Through participation in these
programs, the student broadens his vision and
develops the sense of public responsibility
which characterizes the highest traditions of the
bar.
Many of these curricular supplements are
presented by the Law School as an integral
part of the general educational program upon
an occasional basis and without special
sponsorship. Others are offered as part of
established and continuing programs within the
School. The most notable of these continuing
programs are described below.

THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES
The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, which is
administered by the Law School, was
established in 1919 in memory of the eminent
and beloved member of the Chicago Bar. The
funds are devoted to the support of significant
research and scholarship. One of the principal
programs supported by the Foundation is the
Rosenthal Lecture Series, which has assumed a
position in the forefront among programs of
distinguished lectures in the legal world.
Preeminent figures in law and related fields
have delivered the annual lectures, and their
publication in book form has made notable,
permanent contributions to legal literature and
scholarship.
The following scholars have given lectures at
the School under the auspices of the Rosenthal
Foundation:
In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth,
Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford
University. These lectures were published

42

under the title Some Lessons from Our Legal
History by Macmillan.
In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of
the University of Havana, member of the
Permanent Court of International Justice.
In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief
Justice of the Court of Appeals at Shanghai
and member of the Law Codification
Commission of China. These lectures were
published under the title "The Legal Systems of
Old and New China, a Comparison" in The Art
of Law and Oth er Essays Juridical and Literary
by the Commercial Press.
In 1931 , Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law
of the University of Paris.
In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The
Supreme Court in United States History" and
numerous other historical works. These
lectures were published under the title
Bankruptcy in United States History by
Harvard University Press.
In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor
of Law at Yale University.
In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate
Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts. These lectures were published
under the title The Trial Judge by the
Foundation Press, Inc.
In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at
Harvard University. These lectures were
published under the title The Law in Quest of
Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc.
In 1946-47, a se ries of monthly lectures
covering the evolution , structure, operation,
and philosophy of the United Nations was
given by a group of learned and distinguished
men who have been intimately associated with
the establishment and development of the
United Nations. The lectures were arranged
and given under the direction of the late Adlai
E. Stevenson, Class of 1926, later United States
Ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1947-48 , under the direction of Mr.
Stevenson, another series of lectures was given
on subjects in the fields of International
Relations and International Law.
In 1948-49, John N . Hazard, Professor,
Russian Institute, Columbia University,
delivered a lecture on "The Soviet Union and
International Law"; Paul A. Freund, Professor

�of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series
of three lectures on the subject "On
Understanding the Supreme Court," published
as a volume under that title by Little, Brown
and Co.
fn 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law,
University of Michigan, delivered a series of
lectures on "The History of Unjust
Enrichment," published as a volume under the
title Unjust Enrichment, a Comparative
Analysis by Little, Brown and Co.
In I 951, Abraham H . Feller, General
Counsel , United Nations, delivered a series
of lectures on "Wo rld Law, World Community
and the United Nations ," published as a
volume under the title United Nations and
World Community by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of
Co lumbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
'"The Lawye r and the Government," published
as a volume under the title Th e Washington
Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952-53 , the following lectures were
gi ven: "Liability of Air Carriers in the Rome
Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin , Legal
Director, International Civil Aeronautics
Organization; 'The Essentials of a Sound
Judici al System" by Arthur T. Vanderbilt,
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New
Jersey; 'The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H.
Jackson , Assoc iate Justice of the Supreme
Court of the United States. A conference was
also held on the subject of the Revision of the
Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including
Walter V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme
Court of Illinois , and Herbert Wechsler,
Professor of Law at Columbia University.
In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr. , Professor of
Law , Co lumbi a University, delivered a series
of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist
Revolution ," published as a volume under that
title by Harcourt, Brace.
In 1955 , James Willard Hurst , Professor of
Law, University of Wisconsin , delivered a
series of lectures on " Law a nd Liberty in the
Nineteenth Century, " published as a volume
under the title Law and th e Conditions of
Freedom in the Nin eteenth C entury United
States by the University of Wisconsin Press.
In 1955-56, lectures were gi ven by Louis B.
Sohn , Professor of Law, Harvard University,
Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary
Genera l of the United Nations, and John J.
Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.

In 1956-57, the following lectures were
given: 'The fndividual and the Rule of Law
Under the New Japanese Constitution" by
Nobushige Ukai, Professor of Law and
Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial
Enforcement of Desegregation: Its Problems
and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean,
Schoo l of Law , Loyola University, New
Orleans; " Murder and the Principles of
Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor
of Jurisprudence, Oxford University.
In 1958, Leon Green, formerly Dean of the
Law School and presently Distinguished
Professor of Law, University of Texas,
delivered a series of lectures on "Tort Liability:
Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims," published
as a volume under the title Traffic Victims:
Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern
University Press.
fn 1959, Louis Eise nstein of the District of
Columbia Bar delivered a series of lectures on
'The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a
volume under that title by the Ronald Press.
In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord
Radcliffe , Lord of Appeal in Ordinary of the
United Kingdom , delivered a series of lectures
on 'The Law and Its Compass," published as
a volume under that title by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1961, Harold Canfield Havighurst, a
member of the faculty and formerly Dean of
the Law School , delivered a series of lectures
on 'The Nature of Private Contract,"
published as a volume under that title by the
Northwestern University Press.
fn 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then
Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of California,
delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic
Beyond Legal Ethics: The Religious and
Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer, " published as
a volume under the title Beyond the Law, by
Doubleday and Company, Inc.
In 1963 , Wilber G . Katz, Professor of Law,
University of Wisconsin , delivered a series of
lectures on " Religion and American
Constitutions ," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of
Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on ' The British Commonwealth of
Nations in a Changing World: Law, Politics
and Prospects," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1965 , a series of lectures on the general
subject of " Perspectives on the Court" offered
43

�three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme
Court of the United States. Participants were
Max Freedman , distinguished journalist,
William M. Seaney, Professor of Politics and
Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V.
Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale
University. This series has been published as a
volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer
of the Supreme Court of Illinois, a member of
the faculty before his elevation to the bench,
delivered a series of lectures on "Criminal
Procedures and Converging Constitutional
Doctrines," published as a volume under the
title The Suspect and Society by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the
Court of Justice of the European Communities
delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of
the Lawyer in the European Communities,"
published as a volume under that title by the
Northwestern University Press.
In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U. S.
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia
Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The
Organization of Judicial Power in the United
States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1968, Professor Harry W. Jones, Cardozo
Professor of Jurisprudence, Columbia
University School of Law, delivered a series of
lectures on "The Efficacy of Law," published
in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the
Georgetown University Law Center and
formerly Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms
Control and Disarmament Agency, delivered a
series of lectures on "General Disarmament
and World Law."
In March 1971, Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D.,
1930), former Justice of the U.S. Supreme
Court and Ambassador to the United Nations,
presented a series of lectures on "The Supreme
Court of the United States: Some Reflections
on Its Past, Present and Future," published as
a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1972, W. Willard Wirtz, former
United States Secretary of Labor, presented a
series of lectures on "Labor and the Law," to
be published as a volume by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1973, a series of lectures was presented
on the general subject, "Perspectives on
Justice." Participants were Telford Taylor,
Professor of Law, Columbia University; The
Honorable Constance Baker Motley, U.S.
44

District Judge for the Southern District of New
York; and James K. Feibleman, Professor of
Philosophy, Tulane University.

THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION
PROGRAM
The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation
was established in 1926 in memory of
Professor Linthicum , Class of 1882, a member
of the Law School faculty from 1902 to 1915,
and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of
his day. The income of the fund is devoted to
the support of research, study, and
development of the law of trade, industry, and
commerce. From time to time prizes have been
awarded from these funds to distinguished
American and European authors for
meritorious books and ~ssays. In recent years,
the Foundation has sponsored a number of
conferences with a significant focus on
interrelationships of law, economics, and
government. Among the particular subject
areas which have been considered are antitrust,
labor relations , general economic and industrial
organization, administrative regulation, land
use, and European Common Market
development.
Since 1948 , projects sponsored by the
Linthicum Foundation have included among
their participants such distinguished scholars,
jurists, and public officials as John Kenneth
Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R.
Hays, Newton N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow,
the late Adlai E. Stevenson, and W. Willard
Wirtz.

OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS
Cranston and Catharine Spray Fund. A
trust established by the late Cranston Spray,
Class of 1923 , and his widow, Catharine
Spray, provides income used for stipends for
students to conduct research in support of
effective law enforcement.
Edwin Walsh Fund. A bequest in the
amount of $225 ,000 from the estate of Edwin
Walsh, Class of 1928 , provides funds which
may be used for the support of research ,
special lectures, clinical training, and other
important Law School programs and needs.
A /but Kocourek Fund. The estate of Albert
Kocourek, professor on the Law School
faculty from 1907 to 1940, and emeritus
professor from 1940 until his death in 1952,

�provides a fund of approximately $235,500,
which under the terms of the will is to be used
to promote research and teaching in the field
of legislation and to purchase books for the
library's jurisprudence collection.

LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC
The Law School provides outstanding
opportunity for voluntary service in the
Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic,
established in 1969 with the assistance of grants
from the Council of Legal Education for
Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field
Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United
Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I.
Shure, with subsequent grants also from the
Woods Charitable Fund, Inc. An extension of
the Legal Clinic Program which the Law
School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides
civil and criminal legal services to persons who
are patients of the Northwestern University
medical and dental clinics. It also serves other
individuals and organizations in Chicago.
Through voluntary legal services , law
students may ass ist in the interviewing and
counseling of clients , preparation of pleadings
and other legal documents, legal research,
interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial.
Third-year law students may enroll in the
clinical program for credit and may be certified
to practice in the courts under the Rules of
the Supreme Court of Illinois .

CORPORA TE COUNSEL INSTITUTE

Students serve in the Legal Assistance Clinic.

Annually since 1962, Northwestern has
conducted the Corporate Counsel Institute in
cooperation with the American, Illinois, and
Chicago Bar Associations and the Institute of
Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar
Association . The two-day program reviews
problems of current importance to lawyers
in corporate law departments and in private
corporate practice. The Institute regularly
draws several hundred lawyers from
throughout the United States.
Institute lecturers are distinguished private
practitioners and lawyers within corporate law
departments, government officials, law
professors, and other scholars in fields of
antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation,
taxation, and other areas of corporate law
practice. Proceedings of the Institute are
published.
Students in the Law School are invited to
at tend the Institute without charge. Many of
the papers presented are published in the
Northwestern Law Review and other journals.

45

��In the fall of 1859, the Dean rescheduled classes
and ar ranged for the students to observe a federal
co urt case being tried in the Law School building
by severa l outstanding lawye rs of the day,
including Abraham Lincoln.
-R ecollections of an Alumnus,

Class of 1860 .

STUDENT ACTIVITIES

I

I

I
;
J

A well-seasoned aphorism, familiar to law
students everywhere, says that a law student
receives his education from his classmates.
Like many an old saw, the observation contains
within its exaggeration a kernel of truth. Law
school instruction is built upon student
participation. Beyond the classroom the
student continues his professional preparation
in give-and-take discussion, corridor debate,
and friendly argument with his fellows. The
vitality of the Law School 1s measured by the
quality and vigor of its student body.
At Northwestern the entering student finds
himself a member of a closely knit community
of men and women, bound together by a
common pursuit and by the rich traditions of
the Law School's history. The student body is
comparatively small, averaging approximately
525 students. The modest size of the School
and its instructional policies-division of most
courses into two or more sections and the wide
range of electives offered after the first yearpromote wide acquaintance among students.
The beginner is carefully chosen through a
policy of selective admission designed to assure
that every member of the class is capable of
legal study at the highest and most challenging
level. His classmates are high-ranking
graduates of the leading colleges and
universities in the United States and abroad.
Students benefit from friendly relationships
with fellow students coming from a wide
variety of backgrounds. The typical student
body consists of men and women from 40
states and eight or ten foreign countries. One
hundred and eighty-two colleges and
universities are represented by graduates
enrolled in the Law School (see page 67). A
variety of undergraduate majors are included,
and many students have earned graduate
degrees in other fields before entering the
Law School.

Law students tend to be individualistic and
venturesome, a nd a broad range of opinion
and experience is encompassed in the student
body. The stimulating contacts of student life
at the Law School combine to develop a
mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the
individual student. A healthy spirit of
competition, helpful in encouraging each
student to his best effort, exists concurrently
with the kind of comradeship and mutual
respect so characteristic of the legal profession
generally.

LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
The tradition in the legal world of accepting
as authoritative professional journals written,
edited, and published by men and women who
have not yet achieved full professional status is
unique. Students at Northwestern are fortunate
to have three regularly published scholarly
journals available for student research, writing,
and editing: the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology, the Northwestern University Law
R eview, and the Clearinghouse Review.
Selection for membership on a publication is
at once a high honor, a great responsibility,
and a tremendous opportunity. Although there
are many advantages, the true value of
membership on a legal publication lies in the
sharpening of legal research, writing, and
editing skills which are so essential to the
effective practice of law.

Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology
A quarterly publication with worldwide
circulation, the Journal of Criminal Law and
Criminology is universally recognized as the
foremost publication of its kind. It is the only
student-edited law review published in the
United States which focuses on criminal law

47

�and criminology, and one of the few such
professional publications in the world.
Founded by the late Dean John Henry
Wigmore in 1910, the Journal has the second
largest paid circulation among law reviews.
While the Journal centers on the field of
criminal law, its research reaches into other
areas, from constitutional implications of
various aspects of the criminal codes to the
impact of procedural and evidentiary rules on
the administration of criminal justice. Members
of the staff are thus exposed to analysis and
writing in all fields of the law while applying
the principles of law to the narrower focus of
their publication.
After completion of their first year, a
number of students are invited by the editorial
board of the Journal to join the staff on the
basis of outstanding scholastic performance.
The board invites an additional group of
students to join the staff on the basis of
demonstrated writing ability, either through
participation in the writing competition held
during the seco nd year, or by submitting an
article of publishable quality. Those staff
members who satisfactorily complete their
duties are eligible for election to the editorial
board.
The editorial board holds complete
responsibility for the solicitation, selection, and
editing of competent material submitted for
publication by judges, practicing attorneys,
professors, and other legal scholars and for the
preparation of publishable student material in
the criminal law field.
Two of the four issues of the Journal have
proved to be of special significance to students.
The Supreme Court Review, published each
year in the December issue, provides an
opportunity for second-year students to publish
their work early in their law school career. A
foreword to the analytical survey of Supreme
Court decisions which affect the criminal
practice is written by a well-known figure in
the legal profession. Arthur J. Goldberg '30,
former Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court
Justice and U.S. Ambassador to the United
Nations, contributed the foreword for
December 1972. A recent innovation has been
the dedication of the June issue to a symposium
on a relevant theme. The June 1972 issue, for
example, was devoted to a symposium on
prisoner's rights, a topic which links the fields
of criminal law and criminology.

48

Northwestern University Law Review
One of the most rewarding student activities
at the Law School is the publication of the
Northwestern University Law Review, one of
the nation's leading professional journals. The
Law Review is circulated widely among
lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs
and judicial opinions.
A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law
Review was first established by students of the
School during the academic year 1892-93,
within five years of the appearance of the first
student journal in the nation. Publication was
continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension,
under the title lllinois Law Review.
For a period beginning in 1924, editorship
was shared with the law schools of the
University of Chicago and the University of
Illinois. In 1932, Northwestern students
resumed full control, and in 1952 the name was
changed to Northwestern University Law
Review.
At the end of the first year outstanding
students are invited to write commentary on
legal problems for publication and to carry on
the research, editing, and related work of the
Law Review. Members of the staff are selected
on the basis of scholastic standing and
demonstrated writing skill. Selection is one of
the highest honors and greatest responsibilities
the Law School can bestow. Law Review
participation is hard work: it requires the
members to return several weeks before school
begins in the fall and demands a major portion
of their time during the academic year.
Participation on the Law Review is both a
demanding and a constructive experience.

The Clearinghouse Review
Northwestern also publishes the monthly
Clearinghouse Review, the journal of the
National Clearinghouse for Legal Services.
The publication, funded by the Office of
Economic Opportunity, provides lawyers with
information about current developments in
those areas of law which particularly affect the
poor. It also carries scholarly articles and
practical advice for lawyers representing the
poor.
The Clearinghouse Review has a professional
staff of three attorneys and uses material
written and edited by a student editorial board.
Student participation is on the basis of an
interest in the work and demonstrated writing
ability.

�An appellate bench, headed by the Honorable Tom Clark, retired Justice
of the Supreme Court of the United States, hears arguments in the trial
round of the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition.

JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT
COMPETITION
To provide continuing practice and
instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy,
the first-year course in Moot Court is
supplemented by the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition for advanced students.
Made possible by an endowment which
memorializes Judge Julius H. Miner, the
program is conducted, under faculty
supervision, by third-year students comprising
the Moot Court Board and involves the
preparation of appellate court briefs and the
presentation of oral arguments before panels of
judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty
members. The cases typically raise issues of
current legal importance, more complex and
challenging than those assigned in the regular
first-year course. The final argument is
conducted before the entire student body,
customarily with distinguished judges from the
federal bench. Those who have served as
presiding judges for final arguments include
former Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg
'30, Tom C. Clark, Thurgood Marshall, Potter
Stewart, and Byron R. White of the Supreme
Court of the United States. The Law School

team in the National Moot Court Competition
is chosen on the basis of performance in the
Miner Competition.

STUDENT GOVERNMENT:
THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION
All students are members of the Junior Bar
Association and through it contribute to the
educational and recreational programs of the
Law School. JBA committees are responsible
for many activities, including the orientation
program for new students, Parents Day, Law
Day, and a student-run bookstore which
handles used casebooks and course materials,
supplementing the facilities of the University
bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and
political figures are frequent visitors to the
School as part of the JBA Speaker's Program,
often meeting with students at coffee hours
following such programs.
The JBA plans a variety of social and
recreational programs throughout the academic
year, including student-faculty coffee hours,
informal socials, and a film series with
full-length feature movies. Other social
activities are planned each year to reflect the
interests of the student body.
49

�HONOR CODE
An important product of the Law School's
philosophy of student responsibility is the
Honor Code and the broad authority granted
to the students, through the Junior Bar
Association, for its enforcement and
implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor
Code is that the law student, like the lawyer,
should be subject to unyielding standards of
honorable conduct. In reliance upon the
students' collective sense of responsibility, Law
School examinations are unmonitored and
unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors.
The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation
upon each student to report any apparent
infractions to the students constituting the
Judicial Council of the Association. After a
full hearing, the Council has the duty to make
findings and to recommend appropriate
disciplinary action to the faculty.
The Code covers all academic phases of Law
School activity. It is of special note that this
system has been chosen by the students and
50

that students administer the system which
guarantees the honor of the Law School
community. The habits of honor fostered by
this honor system stand the young lawyer in
good stead before the bench and bar.

THE WOMEN'S CAUCUS
The Women's Caucus, an association of
women in the Law School, provides a forum
for disc ussion of the concerns of women
seeking a legal education and women employed
within the legal profession.
The Caucus has been active in encouraging
appointment of women to the faculty, the
placement of women graduates, and programs
to encourage women's applications to the
School. The Extended Study Program, which
permits a small number of students to carry a
lighter load , was recommended by the
Women's Caucus and adopted by the faculty.
Weekly meetings of the Caucus are held to
discuss issues of personal and group interest.

�A spokeswoman for the Caucus is elected each
semester.

BLACK LAW STUDENTS
ASSOCIATION
The Black Law Students Association serves
as a forum for the discussion of matters
concerning black students within the Law
School. BLSA promotes the discussion of legal
issues relevant to blacks and, whenever
possible, provides assistance and answers to
such issues. Occasionally BLSA will publicly
express its position on events which
significantly affect the black community.
BLSA objectives include increasing the number
of black attorneys in the United States by
encouraging interested blacks to pursue a legal
education, gaining greater minority
representation on the faculty and throughout
the University, and helping the local black
community. BLSA cooperates with chapters at
other Chicago law schools to achieve common
objectives.

RESEARCH ASSIST ANTS HIPS
Each year a number of second and thirdyear students are selected to serve as Research
Assistants to individual members of the faculty.
These appointments carry a modest stipend but
are valued primarily for the opportunities they
afford for close participation in the ongoing
scholarly work and publications of the faculty .

LAW WIVES
Recognizing the importance of the wife's
role in aiding her husband's study of law, the
Law Wives organization provides an
opportunity for the student wife to understand
something about the subject which consumes
so much of her husband's time. The Law
Wife may enjoy an informal talk by a faculty
member on law study or a legal problem of
general interest, or she may spend the evening
socializing with other student wives.
Occasionally, professors have conducted mock
law classes for the wives to give them a
firsthand view of the educational process in
which their husbands are involved.

51

�"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence that the
School will commence with 50 students. The
tuition fees are to be $100 per year."
-Letter from Henry Booth, first
dean of the Law Scho ol, to his
wife, dated June 30, 1859.

ADMISSION TO THE SCHOOL
Each year the Law School draws many
hundreds of applications for admission from
every state in the U.S. and from abroad. In
recent years there have been 15 or more
applicants for each place in the entering class.
The admission policies of the School of Law
are predicated on consideration of the whole
person. The Admissions Committee seeks to
individualize the admissions process and to
weigh a wide variety of factors from which
individual decisions can be made. Among
these factors are demonstrated scholarship,
intellectual capacity, and qualities of character
requisite to the profession .
Since its early years the Law School has
followed this policy of selective admission to
preserve its character as a cohesive academic
community of modest size and to assure
continued educational standards of the highest
order. Consequently, the School is unable to
accept many applicants who are capable of
successfully completing legal studies and
qualifying for the practice of law.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
Application forms and information
concerning admission requirements may be
obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions,
Northwestern University School of Law, 357
East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Students are admitted for classes beginning
in September only, and must have a bachelor's
degree from an accredited college or university
at the time of initial registration in the School
of Law.
Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with
the Law School and by registering with the
Law School Data Assembly Service (LSDAS)
of the Educational Testing Service, Box 944,
52

Princeton, N .J. 08540. A pre-addressed
postcard for requesting an LSDAS registration
form is provided with each Northwestern
University School of Law application form.
The LSDAS form must be requested from the
Educational Testing Service and returned
directly to ETS, not to the Law School.
The student's LSDAS registration must be
supplemented by a transcript sent directly to
LSDAS, not to the Law School, for each
college and university attended, regardless of
the number of hours of credit received.
( Exceptions to this requirement are noted in
the LSD AS registration manual.) Except
in unusual cases, transcripts should not be
supplied until they include a record of three
full academic years. If the application is
approved, the applicant must supply a final
transcript certifying the award of a bachelor's
degree directly to the Law School.
The LSDAS registration must also be
supported by a report of the applicant's score
on the Law School Admission Test.
Northwestern University School of Law joined
with several other schools in sponsoring the
development of this test, designed to measure
the student's general aptitude for the study of
law. Information on how to arrange to take
the test, administered by the Educational
Testing Service, is supplied with registration
material for the test, which may be obtained
directly from the Educational Testing Service,
Box 944, Princeton, N.J. 08540. The test may
be taken either before or after the Law School
application form and LSDAS registration form
are filed . An applicant for admission in
September should ordinarily plan to take the
test in the fall preceding the year in which
admission to law school is sought. When the
scores are available, they will automatically be
added to the LSDAS file for the applicant.

�LSDAS will provide Northwestern
University School of Law, as well as other law
schools to which the applicant wishes to seek
admission, with an analysis of the transcripts
and a report of the Law School Admission Test
score. A fee for this service ($8 for the initial
designated law school and $6 for each
additional school) is paid by the applicant
directly to the Educational Testing Service.
The full details of the Law School Data
Assembly Service accompany the registration
form.
An applicant must also submit, directly to
the Law School on forms furnished by
Northwestern, recommendations from at least
two college or university instructors. Each
application submitted to the Law School must
also be accompanied by a non-refundable
application fee of $20.

VISITS TO THE SCHOOL
An applicant need not appear for a personal
interview unless invited by the Committee on
Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are
made by a faculty committee, an evaluative
interview with the Assistant Dean in charge of
admissions would not serve to communicate the
special circumstances of an applicant to all
those considering his case. An applicant who
wishes to supply special information
concerning his application should submit a
written statement.
Conferences will be held with students
interested in additional information about the
Law School or about the admission process.
These informational interviews should be by
appointment, arranged in advance by mail or
telephone.

WHEN TO APPLY
When possible, applications should be
submitted and supporting documents forwarded
before January 1, 1974. Applicants who follow
this procedure will be informed of the action
of the Committee on Admissions by March 1.
All applications and supporting documents
should be submitted by March 1, 197 4. Any
application submitted after that date or any
application which is lacking supporting documents on that date may, in the discretion of
the Committee on Admissions, be rejected for
that reason.
Applicants for financial assistance must
apply by February 1. (See page 57)
Applications are considered and acted upon

as soon as the supporting information has been
received. Determinations are made upon a
balanced evaluation of the applicant's college
record and the Law School Admission Test
score, supplemented by the required
recommendations and other information
bearing on the applicant's capacity and
qualification for law study. Each application is
considered carefully and individually. The
trend of undergraduate achievement,
performance in particular fields and courses,
and the demands and influence of other
activities and personal circumstances are
weighed and taken into account.
Each applicant who is accepted for
admission , whether or not he or she has been
awarded financial assistance, is required to
make a non-refundable deposit of $100 by
April I of the year of entrance or within
21 days after notice of acceptance,
whichever is later. Upon registration the
deposit is app lied toward tuition and fees .
No applicant previously enrolled in another
law school is admitted either as a beginning
student or as a transfer student if he is
ineligible to continue study at that school.

TRANSFER
The admission of a student previously
enrolled in another law school who wishes to
become a candidate for the degree of Juris
Doctor depends upon the applicant's
achievements in law study and upon the factors
which control the admission of beginning
students. Generally stated, the standard
requires a highly creditable law school record.
Transfer applicants should submit the
application form with the $20 application fee,
transcripts from each college and university
attended, including the law school from which
transfer is contemplated, and two
recommendations from former instructors, at
least one of which is a law school instructor.
In addition the applicant must have
furnished an official copy of the Law School
Admission Test score, a statement of law
school class standing ( or other basis for
interpreting law school record), and a
statement of eligibility to continue in his or her
present law school.
Since the record of all law school work
completed must be submitted before a transfer
decision can be made, such decisions are not
usually made until late summer.
The granting of credit for courses completed
in other schools and the allowance of advanced
53

�standing rest within the discretion of the Dean
of the School. In no event is transfer credit
given for law school work in schools which are
not members of the Association of American
Law Schools or for courses in which the
student received a grade below C or its
equivalent.

EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM
Recognizing that women with small children
have special family obligations which cannot
always be met by the granting of financial aid,
the Law School has instituted an Extended
Study Program which allows participants to
take four years to complete the normal threeyear course of legal study.
A maximum of five Extended Study
Program students are admitted to each
first-year class. The program is open to
applicants of exceptional ability who have
special family obligations (such as the care of
preschool children or unusually heavy financial
commitments) which cannot be met by
customary financial aid.
Participating students are required to register
for at least ten hours of course work each
semester. In order to complete the program
within four calendar years, students may either
take more than ten hours in some semesters
or attend summer school , or both.
Although the program is designed primarily
for women with children, applications are
accepted from men who find themselves in a
situation analagous to that of a woman who
would be eligible for the program.

PRE-LEGAL STUDY
A bachelor's degree from an accredited
college or university is required for enrollment
in the Law School, but no specific fields of
major study or particular courses are
prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is
to provide the prospective lawyer with a sound
liberal education for the discharge of his
broader professional responsibilities and to
provide a foundation for law school training.
Since the reach of the law's concerns may be
as wide as the range of human behavior, no
particular course of undergraduate study is
viewed as conferring a special advantage in
the law.
College curricula vary, the content of
courses bearing the same title may be
dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases
differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be
54

general. Courses in such fields as history,
economics, anthropology, sociology,
government, and political science may help the
student to understand the structure of society
and the problems of social ordering with which
the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy
and literature may impart a familiarity with the
traditions of thought that have influenced legal
developments. The examination of human
behavior in courses in psychology and its
analysis through statistical method may also
prove worthwhile.
In developing the capacities and skills of the
lawyer, the college student should pursue
studies that enhance his power to express
himself with clarity and force. English, foreign
language courses, and public speaking can be
recommended, but the capacities may be
developed as well in other courses in which
written work of high quality is demanded. For
the systematic ordering of abstractions and
ideas, the physical , natural, and mathematical
sciences , in addition to logic, are suggested.
Apart from subject matter, the student
preparing for the study of law should take
courses of sufficient difficulty to test his
capacities to the utmost to assist in the
development of the rigorous intellectual
discipline essential to success in law school.
He or she would be well-advised , in addition,
to pursue study in some definite field far
enough to attain a mastery of the subject. The
typical student who follows his or her own
interests and tastes is more likely to extend
himself and thereby to increase capacities for
law study.
It is perhaps advisable, however, for the
prospective law student to avoid undergraduate
courses in law designed to prepare one for
other callings and duplicating law school work.
Ordinarily, the time and effort are better spent
in studies in other fields.
In general, the undergraduate college student
is best advised not to try to prepare particularly
and narrowly for his law school studies, but to
prepare for life as a lawyer by obtaining the
best available general education. He or she
will find that what is best for law school is also
the best in liberal education-a course of study
that develops in the student the capacity for
understanding, for independent thought, and
for effective self-expression.

�TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
The cost of a year of law study varies with
the needs, habits, and circumstances of the
student. As a base from which individual
estimates may be drawn , the sum of $5,430
approximates the total expense for the
academic year of the average unmarried
student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law
Scho_ol dormitory. Of this total, about $3,350
is required for tuition, fees, books, and
supplies. The remainder represents the typical
expenditure for room, board, and personal
needs.

TUITION
The student's total investment in legal
education, although large in absolute terms,
is insubstantial in comparison with its total
returns in the decades of later professional life.

Short-term economies often prove wasteful in
the long run. In the interests of its students,
the Law School has made every effort to hold
down the costs, but in the same interests, it has
refused to sacrifice any of the elements of a
legal education of the highest quality. The cost
of each student's education is only partly
covered by his tuition payments. A substantial
portion is paid from income from endowments
and from annual gifts of alumni and friends of
Northwestern.
Tuition for the academic year 1973-74
Two different tuition rates are applicable in
1973-74-one to students who are continuing
particular programs of study which were in
progress in the Law School in 1972-73 (or
whose Law School studies were interrupted by
military service); and another to those who
enter the Law School or embark upon new
programs of study there ( or who resume
studies interrupted for reasons other than
military service) in 1973-74. These rates are
as follows:
Continuing Entering
Full tuition for candidates
for all degrees, each
semester
$1,540
$1,590
Part-time tuition , each
credit-hour
160
160
Auditor's fee, each weekly
class hour
160
160
Resident in Research fee,
each semester
30
30

Subsequent years
Increases in tuition may be anticipated for
subsequent years.

Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor
are classified as undergraduate students.
Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws
(LL.M.) or the degree of Doctor of Juridical
Science ( S.J .D.) and students who have
received their Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor
degrees or their equivalents and are in their
first semester of full-time graduate work
55

�pending their acceptance as candidates for a
graduate degree are classified as graduate
students. All other students are unclassified
students.
Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees
who have done full -time graduate work at this
University for two semesters are charged the
Resident in Research fee unless they take
courses or seminars. They are then charged at
the rate of $160 per credit-hour.
Unclassified students in residence who are
neither taking courses or seminars for credit
· nor auditing courses or seminars are charged
the Resident in Research fee.
All information on tuition, fees and other
costs is subject to change without notice.

FEES
In addition to tuition, the following
academic fees, mostly non-recurring, are
charged:
Application fee ........ . ... .... .... $20
Nol transferable; not refundable.

Late registration fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Late Health Service requirement fee . . . 2
For students who &lt;lo not comp lete 1he initial
Hl'alth Scn·icc requirements as specified in the
Student Health Bulletin.

Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Duplicate transcript of record, each

5

Multilith Fee
In many courses it is necessary to supply
multilithed materials to supplement assigned
casebooks. A flat charge of $15 each semester
for J.D. candidates helps to defray the cost of
duplicating such supplementary materials. In
instances where the teaching materials used in
a course consist entirely of multilithed
materials prepared by the instructor, so that
no casebook need be purchased, an additional
charge may be made.
Advance Deposit
An advance deposit of $100 is required of
all applicants accepted for admission, including
those granted financial assistance. This deposit
is applied as part payment of tuition and fees
but is not refundable.

PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES
Tuition and fees are billed and paid by
semester, rather than for the full academic
year. Payments are due in the first few weeks
56

after the beginning of the term upon the date
specified in the statement sent to each student
after registration . The Cashier's Office,
conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott
Hall, receives these payments.
The Division of Student Finance, on the
first floor of Abbott Hall, issues the statements
and mar.es all adjustme nts.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS
Official withdrawal forms are available from
the Registrar of the School of Law. Except for
students who are compelled to withdraw
because of compliance with military orders,
students who withdraw before the end of
one-fourth of the term are liable for one-fourth
of the tuition for the term. Students who
withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term
and before the middle of the term are held for
one-half of the tuition for the term. Students
who withdraw after the middle of the term are
held for full tuition. Regardless of the time of
withdrawal, students are liable for all fees . In
the case of exclusion for nonpayment of
tuition , the same charges are made in
accordance with the above schedule. In all
cases, either the date on which the student
withdrew from classes and filed a written
withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the
Law School or the date of formal exclusion
is used in figuring any adjustment on tuition.

REBATES
Information about rebates for full-time
faculty and staff, their spouses, their dependent
sons and daughters, and employees of
Northwestern-affiliated institutions may be
obtained at the Student Finance Office,
Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed
with that office before the student's first
registration each school year.

STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The University maintains a student deposit
account at the Cashier's Office, Abbott Hall, as
an accommodation to students. There is no
charge for this service, and no interest is paid
on deposits. Personal bank checks in amounts
not exceeding $25 may be cashed at the
Cashier's Office by students who present their
University ID cards.

�FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE

The Law School is committed to providing
all possible assistance to a law student so that
he may reach his educational goal. However,
scholarship and Joan funds available for this
purpose are quite limited. Thus, not all
students who demonstrate financial need may
be given financial assistance.
Each application for financial assistance is
individually considered by a committee of
faculty members and each award is determined
by an individual appraisal of the student's
qualifications for law study and monetary
needs. The application is considered for
awards of scholarship grants and repayable
grants. The committee expects that each
applicant will obtain as much financial
assistance from other sources as is possible.
For students of exceptional ability who have
adequate resources for law study, a limited
number of honorary scholarships are awarded
annually in recognition of pre-legal
achievement. These special scholarships,
described in this section, carry only a nominal
financial award, so that available funds may be
devoted to the assistance of students who
otherwise would be unable to study law.

APPLICATION PROCEDURE
The Law School is a participant in the
Graduate and Professional School Financial
Aid Service ( GAPS FAS) . All applicants for
financial aid must file a GAPSFAS form
entitled "Application for Financial Aid for
the Academic Year 1974-75." The GAPSFAS
application may be obtained from the financial
aid officer at the institution the applicant is
currently attending. The GAPSFAS
application may also be obtained from
the Graduate and Professional School
Financial Aid Service, Box 2614, Princeton,
New Jersey 08540. The application should be
filed no later than January 1 in order to assure
its receipt at the school by February 1. The
application contains sections to be completed
by the applicant, by the spouse or prospective
spouse, and the applicant's parents. An appli-

cant must complete all three sections to be
considered for aid at the Law School.
An application for financial aid will be
considered after an applicant has been accepted
for admission. The admission decision will not
be affected by a request for financial assistance .

SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS
In addition to funds provided by the
University and to the generous annual gifts
of alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law
School, the following special scholarships and
awards are available to law students at
Northwestern:
George L. Quilici Scholarship Fund. About
$485 ,000 was bequeathed to the School by
Mrs. Virginia I. Quilici in memory of her
husband, Judge George L. Quilici. The income
from this fund and such part of the principal
as he determines appropriate is awarded to
students selected by the Dean .
Edwin C. Austin Scholarships. A trust fund
established with Northwestern by Edwin C.
Austin of the Class of 1915, having a principal
value of about $106,000, has been arranged by
Mr. Austin so that the income will be used for
scholarships, fellowships, Joans, or other
financial assistance in the Law School.
Recipients are selected by the Dean in
consultation with an Advisory Committee,
taking into consideration scholarship, interest
in and attitude toward the Law School and
University, conduct in and out of class, and
need.
Thomas Maclay Hoyne Scholarship. The
estate of Susan Hoyne Ingraham provided for
a $50,000 bequest to endow a scholarship fund
at the School of Law. The scholarship is a
memorial to her father, Thomas Maclay Hoyne
of the Class of 1866, whose father was the
found er of the Law School.
George Enfield Frazer, Jr., Scholarship
Grant. A bequest of $30,000 was received
from the estate of George Enfield Frazer to
endow a scholarship fund in memory of the
testator's son , who was a member of the Law
School class which entered in 1939.
57

�C. Lysle Smith Scholarship. Contributions
during his lifetime by the late C. Lysle Smith
of the Class of 1920 together with further
contributions by a group of his friends and
associates have established a fund to provide
scholarship assistance to a student or students
selected by the Dean.
Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust
under the will of the late Francis S. Kosmerl
of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the
purpose of assisting students throughout the
period of their undergraduate and professional
training. Preference is given to applicants who
have been named Kosmerl Scholars in their
undergraduate years and have maintained their
scholastic standing.

The speakers of the annual dinner of the Alumni
Association in April 1973 were two alumni of the
School of Law who are now serving in high
elective office-Governor Dale Bumpers, '51 , of
Arkansas (left) and Governor Daniel Walker, '50 ,
of Illinois.

58

�Dean John Ritchie Scholarship Fund. A
fund of $61,000 was established in 1972, under
the sponsorship of the John Henry Wigmore
Club, by friends and associates of John Ritchie
to honor him for his distinguished service as
Dean of the Law School from 1957 to 1972.
Income from the fund is to be awarded
annually to provide scholarship assistance to a
deserving student to be selected by the Dean of
the Law School.
Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The
sum of $50,000 in 1931 was bequeathed to
Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn
in memory of her husband, the income from
the fund to be given as scholarships to students
in the School of Law in such amounts as the
President of the University or the Dean of the
School of Law may determine.
Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $25,000 established by
Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her
husband, Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875,
is awarded annually to deserving students who,
but for such aid, would not be able to pursue
law study.
Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In I 954,
Charles Weinfeld of the Class of 1902 made a
gift of $20,000 to establish a fund , the income
from which is applied to aid annually one or
more worthy students in the Law School who,
but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a
legal education. In 1964, the principal of the
fund was increased by a gift of $10,000 from
The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation.
Amounts granted, within the discretion of the
Dean of the Law School, are for the purpose
of paying tuition and other expenses.
Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The
income from a fund of $25,000 given in
memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow,
Mrs. Floyd E. Thompson, and his daughter,
Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually
to a deserving student from Illinois or
Wisconsin who but for such aid would not be
able to pursue the study of law. Judge
Thompson served on the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President of
the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was
a member of the Board of Governors of the
American Bar Association, and was actively
interested in the Law School during much of
his distinguished career.
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship.
In memory of Ednyfed H. Williams,
distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate
law student of the School of Law (1908-09),

his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams,
established a tuition scholarship to be awarded
to a law student of high character and ability
in need of financial assistance.
Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B.
Day, a member of the Class of 1939, in 1963
established in the Law School an unrestricted
trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B.
Day, Sr. The Dean of the Law School has
directed that the income from this unrestricted
trust be used to provide scholarships for
qualified and needy students in the School.
Annual income from the trust, which
terminates in I 97 5, is approximately $1,100.
This sum is matched by the General Electric
Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president,
under its matching gift program.
L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income
from a fund of $35,000, given by L Shirley
Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually
to a student in the Law School selected by the
Dean.
Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $25,000 established
by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V.
McCormick , supplemented by gifts from
friends of Miss McCormick, is awarded to
financially needy students residing in the
Chicago area.
Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The
income from a bequest of $50,000 by the late
Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the
Dean's direction, used to provide scholarship
aid for worthy and needy students.
Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income
from a fund of $50,000 is utilized as a
scholarship awarded annually to a deserving
law student.
Ware Scholarship. The income from a
$10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie M. Ware to
establish a scholarship in memory of her son,
Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware, who was
killed in action on October 12, 1918, in the
Argonne offensive, is available annually to a
student of high scholastic standing and good
character who is in need of financial assistance
to obtain a good legal education.
Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In
memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young,
distinguished alumnus (LLB., 1897, LLD.,
1927) and a member of the Supreme Court of
Illinois from 1924 to 1934, Herbert C. De
Young, and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs.
Herbert V.) have established a scholarship
through a gift to the University of $10,000.
The income from this fund is awarded to a
59

�student in the School of Law who is in need
of financial assistance and gives promise of
becoming an outstanding and worthy member
of the bar of Illinois.
Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund.
The income from a fund of $7,000 given by
the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded
annually to a student deserving financial
assistance.
Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph
H. Wright of the Class of 1919 made a gift of
$10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish
a fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise
Wright. Income from the fund is used to
provide scholarships for needy and worthy
students.
Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From
the income of a bequest of $5,000 in the will
of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is
awarded annually to a student of character,
ability, promise, and financial need who is
deserving of financial assistance.
City Products Corporation Scholarship.
Since 1963 , the City Products Corporation of
Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant
to provide a full scholarship in the Law School
for the training of a deserving and financially
needy student.
Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original
unrestricted bequest of $5,000 by the late
Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased
by a pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone.
Commencing in September 1971, for a period
of not less than five nor more than ten years,
the fund is to be used to provide annual
scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000
nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students
until the principal and accumulation of the
fund are exhausted.
Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $5 ,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Wellington
Walker is awarded annually as a scholarship
for a needy law student who has been a
resident of Chicago not less than ten years.
George M. Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts
totaling $11,000 were given to the Law School
at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane.
The Dean has directed that these gifts be
utilized to provide scholarship assistance to
worthy and needy students over a period of
years.
Chicago Title and Trust Company
Foundation Scholarships. Since 1955, a total
of $87,000 has been contributed by the
60

Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation
in the form of annual gifts used for
scholarships in the School of Law.
Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of
Law. From the income of a bequest in the will
of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of
$250 has been established and is awarded
annually.
Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income
from an endowment established by the Chicago
Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is
awarded annually to a student in the Law
School.
Blumberg Book Fund. In 1963, Nathan S.
Blumberg of the Class of 1913 established an
endowment, now amounting to $17,000, the
income from which is to be expended annually
for the purchase of books for financially needy
students for use in their class work.
Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund
was established by friends of the late Mahlon
Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase
books to be used each year by a freshman
scholarship student of outstanding
accomplishments and in need of financial
assistance who is selected by the Dean.
Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from
a fund established by the Class of 1954 is
awarded annually to a student in need of
financial assistance.
Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships.
The Farmers Insurance Group of Los Angeles
contributes an amount each year for law
scholarship purposes, based upon the number
of Northwestern alumni employed by the
company.
Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund.
From the income of a gift of Ernest U.
Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship
assistance is awarded annually to a student who
from the standpoint of character, ability,
promise, and financial need .deserves financial
assistance.
Thad M. Talcott, Jr., Scholarship Fund.
From the income from a bequest by the late
Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896,
scholarship assistance is awarded annually to a
student of high character and ability who is in
need of financial assistance.
David T. Campbell Fund. From the income
from a bequest by the late David T. Campbell
of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is
awarded annually to students of character and
ability in need of financial assistance.

�Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The
annual income from a trust fund established by
the late Edna N . Folonie is used to provide a
scholarship for a worthy student in the Law
School.
Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., Scholarship.
fn October 1963, the American Federation of
Television and Radio Artists made a
contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for
the purpose of endowing a scholarship
honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr.,
a member of the Class of 1961. Mr.
Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the
Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963
while on training duty as a pilot in the Naval
Reserve. The Federation has provided that the
income from the endowment should be
awarded annually to a deserving student in the
Law School who is a veteran of the armed
forces or the son or close relative of a
veteran of the armed forces.
The Jewish Students Scholarship Fund.
$500 is awarded annually by the Jewish
Students Scholarship Fund, Inc. to a worthy
student in the Law School, who is in need of
financial assistance.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong made a gift of $3,000
to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her
late husband, a member of the Class of 1916.
income from the gift provides scholarship
support for a student from Hawaii selected by
the Dean from among those enrolled in the
School. In years when no award is made,
income is added to principal.
Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The
income from a fund of $10,000 established by
a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor
is awarded to a deserving law student.
Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund.
Students, faculty members , and other friends
established this fund in memory of Alan H.
Novogrod, Class of I 971. Income from the
fund is used to provide scholarship support for
deserving minority group students.
Adele Rabino Deller Scholarship. J. Oswald
Deller established a trust of $10,000 to provide
a scholarship in the memory of his wife, Adele
Rabino Deller of the Class of 1923, who was a
great admirer of John Henry Wigmore.
Income from the trust fund is to be used
annually to provide a scholarship for a needy
and worthy student who is studying, among
other subjects, those subjects relating to social
welfare law.

John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships.
Students of exceptional promise and ability,
who have adequate resources for law study,
may be designated Wigmore Scholars in
memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the
Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of
the world-renowned Treatise on Evidence, and
one of the legal profession's greatest scholars.
The scholarships import in full the recognition
and honor of scholarship status but confer only
a nominal financial award.

LOANS
Among the sources of Law School loan
funds are the Charles Shapiro and Morris
Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger
Law Loan Fund, the Mrs. J. N. Raymond Law
School Fund, the Edward P. Summbers Law
Loan Fund , and the Law School Foundation
Loan Funds.
In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the
Class of I 921 , in the firm of Arvey, Hodes and
Mantynband , made a gift of $6,500 in honor
of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for
loans to deserving students in need of financial
assistance.
In 1965, the American Bar Association and
the American Law Student Association made
appropriations to the American Bar Association
Fund for Legal Education to establish a loan
program for assistance to law students at
schools approved by the American Bar
Association. Inquiries concerning the terms
and conditions of these loans should be
directed to the Office of Admissions.
Northwestern University's new Income
Protection Student Loan Program is an effort
on the part of the University to assist the
individual student in defraying part of the
student's present educational costs. Through
this program a student may qualify for loans
under the Federally Insured Student Loan
Program. Further information may be obtained
through the Office of Admissions.
The State Guaranteed Loan Program offers
educational loans to eligible students through
banks or other commercial lenders.
Information about this program is available
at the applicant's local bank.
The Illinois Bar Foundation is in the process
of establishing a student loan fund. Specific
eligibility requirements and the level of funds
available to Northwestern students will be
made known in early fall, 1973.
61

�-----~· ~ --- --~~-~-GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES
The graduate program of the Law School has
several objectives. One purpose is to offer to
recent law graduates, who have demonstrated
superior proficiency in the study of law, as well
as to active practitioners, an opportunity not
only to broaden their legal knowledge but also
to study and engage in research in particular
fields of interest. The School also desires to
make its facilities available to law teachers and
prospective law teachers interested in advanced
study and original research and writing under
faculty guidance. In addition , the program is
intended to provide outstanding graduates of
foreign law schools with an opportunity to
expand their knowledge of American legal
processes and to engage in comparative legal
research.

ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY
AND TO CANDIDACY FOR
ADVANCED DEGREES
The admission of students who have been
awarded a first degree in law to graduate study

or to candidacy for the degree of Master of
Laws or Doctor of Juridical Science is at the
discretion of the Committee on Graduate
Studies.
Experience indicates that foreign students
whose native language is not English have great
difficulty in meeting the requirements unless
they have a good command of written and
spoken English.
Application forms and additional
infoi;mation may be secured by writing to the
Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern
University School of Law, 357 East Chicago
Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.

DEGREES
Two graduate degrees are granted: the
degree of Master of Laws (LL.M. ) and the
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D .) .

Teachers in another guise-Dean Rahl confers on
a point of field strategy in the annual softball
contest between the faculty and the staffs of the
Law Review and Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology.

�Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of
Master of Laws is conferred upon students who
have obtained a first degree in law from this
University or another having equivalent
requirements; in unusual cases, this
requirement may be waived by a vote of the
faculty. Also, such students must fulfill the
following requirements:
I. The completion of one academic year
of residence in this School, during which time
credit must be obtained for not less than 10
semester-hours in courses or seminars not
previously counted toward the first degree in
law. Students who have not previously taken,
for their first degree in law, a course or seminar
in the general field of jurisprudence must
include such work in their program.
Each graduate student's course program is
individually planned in relation to the
student's choice of a thesis topic. To the
extent necessary to establish a background for
his research, the Graduate Committee may at
its discretion require a graduate student to take
course and seminar work in addition to the
minimum prescribed above. During their year
of residence, graduate students are required to
maintain a superior scholarship record.
2. The completion of a thorough study of
some approved legal topic and the presentation
of a paper embodying its results. The
candidate's thesis must be suitable for
publication in the Northwestern University
Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law
and Criminology.
3. The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The
degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is
conferred upon students who have obtained the
degree of Juris Doctor from this or some other
university or college having equivalent
requirements for that degree or who have
obtained the degree of Bachelor of Laws from
another university or college whose
requirements for that degree are equivalent to
those prescribed by this School for the degree
of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the
following requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year of
residence in this School. The time required for
the completion of a candidate's work, however,
normally runs far beyond the period of
residence required.

2. The completion of a study to be
approved by the faculty or its designated
committee. This study shall be one involving
original research and must be completed in
such manner, both as to subject matter and
literary form , as to be, in the opinion of the
faculty, a significant and scholarly contribution
to legal science.
3. The completion of such other work, if
any, as may be directed by the Dean in the
particular case.
4. The passing of an examination to be
prescribed by the faculty.
Faculty policy restricts this degree to
candidates who have had substantial experience
either in practicing or teaching law and who,
through published writings, have evidenced
their capacity for advanced graduate work.

TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
Full information concerning tuition and fees
for graduate study appears on preceding pages.
The expenses of an unmarried student for
the academic year, including books, board and
room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition
and fees) should be, as a minimum, $3,000.
Accommodations for both married and
unmarried graduate students are available on
the University's Chicago campus.

GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS
Two James Nelson Raymond International
Fellowships are awarded on a competitive basis
to foreign applicants interested in any field of
legal study, including international legal
studies. Each fellowship presently provides for
the payment of tuition plus $3,000 for books
and living expenses. The Anna L. and James
Nelson Raymond Fellowship in a similar
amount is awarded on a competitive basis to
a United States applicant. The fellowship
provides for payment of tuition and fees; the
balance of $3 ,000 is paid to the student in 10
installments, the first on September 15.
Normally, fellowships are not awarded to
foreign students who already have spent a year
in this country under another scholarship grant.
The fellowship is granted for one year only.
Fellowships do not provide for travel
expenses. A student must make his own travel
arrangements. A successful fellowship
applicant should also bring sufficient funds for
personal expehses from the time of arrival until
September 15.
63

�"Old Northwestern!
That's where we learned our law."
- "Th e Counsellor's Cl1orus/'
Joltn H enry Wigmore, Dean
1901 -29

THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI
The associatio ns formed in the years of study
at the Law School are lifelong. The School,
through its Placement Service, offers assistance
to the graduate in finding a position which
promises satisfact ion both in economic terms
a nd in self-realization and contribution.
The School's alumni assist in keepi ng alive
memories and friends hips of student days and
provide the support so important to the School.

PLACEMENT
At grad uation the Northwestern law student
joins the ce ntury-long procession of Law
School alumni. A wide range of choice is open.
To provide its graduates with advice, guidance,
and a broad selection of opportunities for their
legal caree rs, the Law School maintains a
placement serv ice under the direction of the
Assistant Dean of Development and Placement.
Through general announcements to the
profession and particular inquiries, the
Placement Service gathers information on
professional opportunities and openings,
compil es complete listings of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective
graduates, a nd posts annou ncements of new
openings to keep the student's information
current.
While the re are many who practice law, the
demand for we ll trained, able young lawyers
has not diminished . The rising level of starting
sala ries gives evidence of the professional need.
Each year the Placement Service receives
inquiries and requests from law firms,
corporations, and government agencies.
A majority of the Law School's alumni are
engaged in the private practice of law. Some
have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others
have settled in cities and towns throughout the
United States. In large firms and in individual

64

practice, Northwestern graduates rank as
leaders of the bar in nearly every state in the
nation and in several foreign countries. In
service to their profession and their clients,
they have occupied the presidencies of the
American, state, and local bar associations.
Not all alumni elect the rewards of private
practice. Furthering a strong tradition of
public service, a number of those in each
graduating class accept positions with
government at the national , state, or local level.
Working with prosecuting and investigating
agencies, on government boards and
commissions, and on the staffs of government
departments, they are often vested with major
responsibilities and acquire wide experience
early in their professional lives. After a period
of government service, many enter private
practice , where their experience in government
is of great value. Others make public service
a career and attain high public office, elective
or appointive.
The roster of Law School alumni includes
past and present governors and United States
~-::nators, cabinet members, department heads,
United Nations representatives, diplomats,
mayors, attorney generals, prosecutors,
legisl ators, and government advisers.
In the judiciary, Northwestern graduates
have served with distinction on the benches of
the highest courts, both federal and state. For
the top-ranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and judges of
the federal and state courts.
Through the years, Northwestern, for its
size, has contributed more than its share of the
nation's law teachers. Its graduates have joined
the faculties of nearly all the major law schools
in the United States, and many have served as
deans, university presidents, and leaders in
other branches of education.

�An expanding field of opportunity beyond
the limits of traditional practice is offered the
Law School graduate interested in business,
industry, and finance. In increasing recognition
of the values of legal training, corporations,
banks, and companies in a wide range of
enterprise seek Law School graduates not only
for their legal staffs but for executive positions.
Attractive starting salaries and opportunities
for advancement in management have
combined to draw a substantial number of
graduates of the Law School. Alumni have
risen to principal executive posts in many of
the nation 's largest corporations in such fields
as transportation , oil , retailing, insurance,
finance, public utilities, and manufacturing.
Graduating students must make their own
choice from the array of professional
opportunities open to them. It is the function
of the Law School's Placement Service to assist
seniors in exploring the possibilities and help
in arranging the necessary contacts.
Each year a large number of law firms from
major cities throughout the United States send
members of the firm to the Law School to
interview advanced students. Government
agencies, corporations, and banks also send
representatives to the School for interviews.
Beyond its service to current graduates, the
Placement Service also handles the temporary
placement of students with law firms and
government agencies for summer vacation
periods, in Chicago and elsewhere, and the
placement of alumni of earlier years who are
returning from military service or are seeking
a change of position.

65

�THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed
the loyal support of its alumni. In 1959, they
commemorated the Law School's centennial by
contributing substantially to the construction
of Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L.
Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts
to the Law Alumni Fund provide scholarships
and significant support for the general program
of the School.
Many alumni assist directly in the
educational program. A number serve as
judges in the Moot Court program. In
addition, alumni are frequently asked to draw

President
1st Vice-President
2nd Vice-President
3rd Vice-Prresident
Secretary
Treasurer
Immediate Past President

upon their practical experience and special
knowledge in particular fields of law by
participating in course work or addressing
st udent groups. They render invaluable
assistance in connection with the placement
program.
Each year alumni reunions are held during
the meetings of the American Bar Association
and various state bar associations. An alumnifaculty luncheon is held in the fall, and an
alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago
with a prominent guest speaker.

OFFICERS 1972-73

OFFICERS 1973-74

Henry W. Kenoe, '31
Earl E. Pollock, '53
Patrick W. O' Brien, '50
Raymond I. Suekoff, '3 3
Abraham Fishman, '32
Thomas J. Murphy, '66
Herbert C. Paschen, '29 (dee.)

Earl E. Pollock, '53
Patrick W. O'Brien , '50
Raymond I. Suekoff, '33
Francis J. McConnell, '53
Abraham Fishman, '32
Thomas J. Murphy, '66
Henry W. Kenoe, '31

Regional Vice-Presidents ( 1972-73 &amp; I 973-74)
Richard J. Flynn, '53, Washington
Harry R. Horrow, '34, San Francisco
Helmer R. Johnson, '37, New York
Laurence Oliphant, Jr., '34, Cleveland
Norman M . Sevin, '56, Miami
Philip E. Von Ammon, '38, Phoenix
Paul Ziffren, '38, Los Angeles

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Terms Expiring in 1973
Isidore Brown, '15
James C. Hardman, '61
George Kelm, '54
Timothy C. Klenk, '67
Milton A. Kolar, '39
Russell H. Matthias, '32

Terms Expiring in 1975
Franklin A. Chanen, '57
Jerome L. Ettelson, '41
Paul Gerden, '40
Crane C. Hauser, '50
Barnet Hodes, '21
Mark E. MacDonald, '67

Terms Expiring in 1977
William W. Brady, '40
John J. Crown, '55
Francis J. McConnell, '53
James T. Otis, '51
Ray J. Schoonhoven, '48
L. Shirley Tark, '16

Terms Expiring in 1974
Milton L. Fisher, '49
Hon. Julius J. Hoffman, '15
William R. Jordan, '48
George M. Keane, '38
William W. McKittrick, '39
Richard S. Trenkman, '67

Terms Expiring in 1976
Esther 0. Kegan, '36
Richard A. Jenkins, '53
Hon. Cecil A. Partee, '46
Robert W. Patterson, '60
Elroy C. Sandquist, '50
Harold D. Shapiro, '52

Terms Expiring in 1978
Isidore Brown, '15
James C. Hardman, '61
George Kelm, '54
Timothy C. Klenk, '67
Milton A. Kolar, '39
Russell H . Matthias, '32

66

�ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES
A total of 182 colleges and universities were represented by one or more graduates enrolled
in the School of Law in 1972-73.
Albion College
2
Allegheny College
5
American University
10
Augustana College ..... . .. . 1
Ball State University ... . . . . l
l
Barat College .. ..
Bcloi t College
2
Boston College
3
Boston University
2
Bo11doin College ..... . . .. .
3
Bradley U niversity
3
Brandeis U niversity
3
Brigham Young· University . . 2
Brown U niversity ......... . 3
California Institute of
l
Technology ... . .... .
California State
2
U niversity of California
7
2
Calvin College
5
Carleton College
l
Carlow College
Carroll College
Case \,Vestern Reserve .....
l
Catholic Un iversity
Chicago State College ..... . l
4
University of Chicago
Christian Brothers College .. 1
University of Cincinnati
2
The Citadel ...... .. . . .... . l
Claremont College
2
Clark College .. . . . . . .. .
1
Cleveland State University
1
Colga te University ...... .
l
Colorado School of Mines
1
University of Colorado . . .
l
Columbia University ...
3
Un ivers ity of Connecticut . .
2
Cornell College . .
3
Creighton University
1
Dartmouth College ..... . .. . 2
Davidson College .. . .
1
University of Dayton
1
Un iversity of Delaware
1
De nison University
2
U niversity of Denver
2
De Paul Un iversity
II
DePauw University
5
Drake Un iversity
2
Duke U niversity
2
Fairfield College
1
Fordham University
1
Georgetown University
5
George Washington
1
University of Georgia
1
Goucher College
2
Grinnell College
3
Guilford College
Hampton Institute ... . . . . . . l
Hanover College ....... . . . . 3
Harvard Un iversity
University of Hawaii .... .
Hofstra University .. . . . .. . .

Hope College
...........
Ho1rnrd U niversity
Illinois College ....
Illinois Institute of
Technology . . . . . .
Illinois State University
U niversity of Illinois
Illinois Wesleyan . . .
Indi ana Un iversity
Iowa College . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
loll' a Stale University . . .
University of Iowa
John Carroll University . .
Johns Hopkins University . .
Kalamazoo College . . . . . . .
Kansas State College
Kent State U niversity . .
University of Kentucky
Kenyon College
Knox College . . . . . . . .
Lake Forest College
Lanisius College . . . . . . . . . . .
La1nence University
Lincoln College
.........
Loras College
...........
University of Louisville . . . .
Loyola U niversity (Chicago).
Luther College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Macalester College
MacMurray College
Marquette University . .
Marshall University . .
Massac husetts Inst. of Tech..
University of Massachusetts .
McPherson College . .
University of Miami (Fla.).
Un iversity of Miami (Ohio)
Michigan State
Un iversity of Michigan
Millikin University
Un iversity of Missouri
Monmouth College
Mt. Holyoke College
Mundelein College
National College of
Education . .
University of Nebraska
New College . . . . . . . . .
New York Un iversity . .
North Carolina State . .
University of North Carolina
North Central College . .
Northern Illinois University.
Northwestern University
Un iversity of Notre Dame
Oberlin College . . . . . . . . .
Ohio State University
Ohio University . . . . . . . . . . .
Ohio Wesleyan University . .
University of Oregon . . . . . .
Pen nsylvania State University
University of Pennsylvania..

l
3
1
1

59

1

4
2
1
5
1

5
2

1

2

1

4
3
2

1
1

2
3
l
5
I
2
2
2
I
2
2
I
2
IO
5

17

I
3

1
2
1
1

1

1
1
5
74
14
3
7
2
1
2
3
8

University of Pittsburgh . . .
Pomona College . . . . . . . .
Princeton University . . . . . .
Purdue University . . . . . . . .
Queens College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Radcliffe College . . .
University of Redlands
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst..
University of Rhode Island . .
Ripon College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Rochester
Rockford College . . . . . . . . . .
Roosevelt University . . . . . . .
Rosary College . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Francis College . . . . . . . . .
St. John's College . . . . . . . . . .
St. Joseph's College
St. Louis U niversity . . . . . . . .
St. Mary of the Lake . . . . . .
St. Mary of No tre Dame . . . .
St. Mary of the Woods . . . . .
St. Olaf College . . . . . . . . . . . .
St. Procopius College
University of San Diego . . . .
University of Santa Clara . .
Sarah Lawrence College . . . .
Shimer College . . . . . . . . . . . .
Smith College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Southern Illinois University.
Stanford University . . . . . . . .
Stale University of New York
Syracuse University . . . . . . . .
Texas Christian University. .
Trinity College (Conn.) . . . .
Trinity College (Wash. D.C.)
Tulane University . . . . . . . . .
U nion College . . .
U .S. Military Academy . . . . .
Utah State University
\'alparaiso University . . . . . .
Vanderbilt University
\ 'assar College . . . . . . . . . . .
Washington and Jefferson . .
Washington University (Mo.)
Wa~eSra~
...........
Wellesley College . . . . . . . . . .
Wells College
...........
Wesleyan University . . . . . . .
Western Illinois University.
Western Reserve University.
Wheaton College (Ill.) . . . . .
Wheaton College (Mass.) . . .
Wilberforce University .... .
William and Mary . . .... .. .
Williams College . . . . . . . . . . .
University of Wisconsin . . . .
Wittenberg University .. ... .
Wooster College . . . . . . . . . . .
Xax ier College . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yale University . . . . . . . . . . . .
Yeshiva College .... . . . .. .. .

2
1
6
5
1

2
1

1

1

1

5
2
6
I
1
2
2
I
1
1
1
2
3
2
3
1
1
1
5
7
7
2
1
4
1

3
1
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1

1
3
3
2
3
1
2
1
3

1
l
4
1

4
8
I
2
4

67

�INDEX
Abbott Hall , 14
Academic regulations, 23
Admission, 52
graduate study, 62
Alumni, 64, 66
Application fee, 56 , 63
Attendance, 23
Buildings, 10
Black Law Students Assn., 51
Calendar, 7
Classes, 17
Classrooms, 11
Clearinghouse Review, 40, 48
Colleges and universities represented, 67
Combined degree programs, 22
Corporate Counsel Institute, 45
Course descriptions, 29
Course of instruction , 17
Course load, 24
Course numbering codes, 25
Curriculum, 26, 29 ; three-year, 21
Data assembly service, 52
Degrees, first , 24; graduate, 62
Enrollment, limited, 24
Examinations, 23
Expenses, 55 , 63
Faci lities, 14
Faculty, 5, 18
Fees, 56 , 63
Financial assistance, 57
Graduate study in law, 62
Graduation requirements, 24
Grants, 57
Health se rvice , 15
Honor Code, 50
Honors and prizes, 40
Housing, 14

Legal Assistance Clinic, 45
Legal Publications, 47
Legal writing skills, 20
Library, 11
Linthicum Foundation Program, 44
Loans, 61
Medical service, 15
Methods of instruction, 18
case method, 18
problem method, 19
clinical training, 19
seminars, 20
legal writing skills, 20
Senior Research Program, 20
M .M .-J.D. combined program, 22

Moot court, 49
Northwestern Uni versity Law Review, 40, 48

Officers, Faculty, and Staff, 5
Order of the Coif, 40
Ph.D-J.D. combined program, 22

Placement, 64
Pre-legal study, 54
Publications. 48
Rebates, 56
Refunds, 56
Research assistantships, 51
Rosenthal Lectures, 42
Schedule, typical, 17
Scholarships, 57
Seminars, 20, 27, 28
Senior Research Program, 20, 29
Sociolegal studies, 22
Student activities, 4 7
Student deposit account, 56
Student government, 49
Student residence, 14

Julius H . Miner Moot Court Competition, 49

Supplemental programs, 42
Corporate Counsel Institute, 45
Linthicum Foundation Program, 44
Rosenthal Lectures, 42
Voluntary legal services, 45
other endowed programs, 45

Junior Bar Association , 49

Transfer students, 53

Law Alumni Association, 66

Tuition , 55 , 63

Law and Social Sciences, 22

Visits, 53

Inte rnational legal studies, 63
J.D.-M.M. program, 22
J.D .-Ph.D. program, 22

Journal o f Crimina l Law and Criminology, 40, 47

Law Review, 40, 48

Voluntary legal services, 45

Law School Admission Test , 52

Women's Caucus, 50

Law Wives, 51

Withdrawal, 56

68

�Northwestern University Chicago Campus

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

6.
7.

8.
9.
10.

Abbott Hall (residence )
Heating plant
Levy Mayer Hall (Law School)
McCormick Hall (Law School)
Montgomery Ward Build ing
(Dental and Medical
Schools)
Morton Medical Research
Building (Medical School)
Passavant Pavilion
( Northwestern Memorial
Hospital)
Rehabilitation Institute of
Chicago
Searle Building (Medical
School)
Thorne Hall (auditorium)

11 . Veterans Administration
Research Hospital
12. Wesley Pavilion
( Northwestern Memorial
Hospital)
13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening
Divisions and Evening
Managers· Program)
14. Parking fac ility
15. Parking facility

Construction sites

16. Institute of Psychiatry of
Northwestern University and
17. Prentice Women 's Hospital
and Maternity Center
18. Rehabilitation Institute of
Chicago

�Whatsoever things are true, whatsoever things are honest,
whatsoever things are just, whatsoever things are pure,
whatsoever things are lovely, whatsoever things are of good
report; if there be any virwe, and if there be any praise,
think on these things.
Philippians 4:8

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                <text>Law School Lake Michigan           Loop. CONTENTS Where Write Officers Faculty Staff Calendar Law Study Northwestern Course Instruction Supplemental Programs Student Activities Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Assistance Graduate Study Degrees School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois Address Law School Office Admissions Admission D Applications Requests Recommendations Financial D Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences App D Ph Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission D Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois OFFICERS FACULTY AND STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS Roscoe Miller Robert Strotz William Kerr Arthur Schmehling John Fields Raymond Mack David Mintzer Jim Carleton Laurence Nobles William Thigpen Payson Wild Harry Wells LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS James Rahl Francis Spalding John Beckstrom Thomas Edmonds Edward Palmer Kurt Schwerin Leon Liddell FACULTY Peter Barack John Beckstrom Robert Bennett Barbara Caulfield William Chamberlin Robert Childres Diane Crawford Anthony Amato Karl Schweinitz Eugene DuBose Jr Thomas Eovaldi Norman Garland Thomas Geraghty Steven Goldman Irving Gordon James Haddad Harold Havighurst John Heinz Jordan Jay Hillman Jonathan Hyman Fred Inbau Yancy Kirby Leon Liddell Brunson MacChesney Nathaniel Nathanson Alexander Nekam Dawn Clark Netsch James Rahl Martin Redish Harry Reese John Ritchie William Roalfe Victor Rosenblum David Ruder Daniel Schuyler Kurt Schwerin Paul Slater Francis Spalding Samuel Thompson Jr Thomas Todd Urban Affairs Jon Waltz LECTURERS Hon Marvin Aspen Criminal Evidence Theodore Berger Decedents  Estates Trusts William Brady Accounting George Burditt Drug Law Robert Hanley David Hilliard Henry Kenoe John Lungmus Abner Mikva Thomas Nicholson Beverly Pattishall Jerome Roberts Computers Law Hon Joseph Schneider Psychiatry Harold Shapiro James Sprowl John Stifler Merrill Thompson Timothy Tilton Robert Tucker Housing Problems TEACHING ASSOCIATE Richard Kurt Lewis ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Arthur Abelson Robert Bramlette Jr Mark Cohen Lyle Gritchen Michael Hertz Barbara Lounsbury Christopher Newman Arnold Pagniucci Gary Saipe Rich Smolev Harvey Sorensen William Streff Jr Alan Wolf Veena Bhatia Marie Christiansen Harriet Christiansen Mae Clair Darlene DeGrazio Doris Dodge Janet Dudek Dean Kiyoko Fujiu Genevieve Johnson Lisa Jolley Dona Laketek Bernice LeBeau Nancy Maxwell Sarah Mingo Krystyna Obuchowicz Mike Re Shelley Shenfield Elizabeth Simon Janet Sites Dorothy Slocum Deborah Thomas Cynthia Thornburg Richard Wieczorek Elizabeth Zurawski NORTHWESTERN LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Thomas Geraghty Jonath Hyman Barbara Caulfield Diane Crawford Nancy Ketzenberg LIBRARY Kurt Schwerin Leon Liddell Marcelino Catuira Rosita Ramos Frank Daniels Elaine Teigler Stanley Horst NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR LEGAL SERVICES Mary Ader Robert Bennett Sharon Data Marta Pryjma Milada Weber Dr Dorothy Klofkorn Regina Wallen Gail Munden Librarian Barbara Zimmerman Amy Franke Maria Chase Circulation Donald Liszewski Selma Krahn Eugenia Weres George Lee CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS Librarian Maxine Bailin Order Department Coordinator Earnestene Beavers Library Assistant Shelleen Franklin Order Department Assistant Bernice Kessler Administrative Secretary Rosie King Clerical Secretary Georgiana Mathisen Bookkeeper PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Victor Rosenblum Mae Clair Administrative Secretary COMBINED D M PROGRAM Peter Barack  Where   David Dudley Field Law School Se LAW STUDY AT NORTHWESTERN Northwestern  School Law Law School Long Law School Early Law School Today Northwestern School THE SCHOOL Unlike Good There Jaw LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES Law School Lake Michigan Chicago Grant Park Gold Coast Nearby Loop Chicago United States Court Appeals Law School Northwestern University Medical School Dental School Also Thorne Hall Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Abbott Hall McGaw Medical Center Northwestern University Living University Evanston Evanston Law School First Plan Seventies University University Library First Plan Norris University Center Lindheimer Astronomical Research Center Hogan Biological Sciences Building Frances Searle Building Nathaniel Leverone Hall Graduate School Management  Evanston School Education Building Rebecca Crown Center University  Pick Staiger Concert Hall Foyer Gallery Fine Performing Arts Complex University  Toward Eighties   LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Lake Shore Drive Levy Hall Elbert Gary Library Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library School Dean James Rahl About Dean John Wigmore United States England School CLASSROOMS Law School Such Northwestern Lincoln Hall British House Commons School School Complete Illinois LIBRARY Law School Northwestern Law School Library Elbert Gary Library Owen Coon Library Law School Chicago Avenue Superior Street Elbert Gary Library Law School Gary Fund Owen Coon Library Owen Coon Foundation Northwestern Western Hemisphere Even Inc School Faculty Library Law School Library  Anglo American United States Great Britain Commonwealth English United States University Library Evanston Anglo American English About European Japan Latin American Holdings Roman Especially Williams Collection Legal Instruments D George Shaw Collection Early European Law Joseph Shaw LLB Law School Library University Library Hardy Scholars Treasure Room Western Hemisphere They Comfortably Cutler Browsing Alcove LIBRARY FUNDS University Law School Library Library Gary Endowment Fund Elbert Gary LLB Chairman United States Steel Corporation Norris Crull Endowment Fund Norris Crull LLB Law Alumni Association John Henry Wigmore Fund Barnet Hodes LLB Barnet Hodes Fund Joseph Rosenberg LLB Mrs Rosenberg Judge Hugo Friend Memorial Fund Class Herbert Dacks Memorial Fund Herbert Dacks Philip Shapiro Endowment Fund Judge Philip Shapiro D Circuit Court Cook County Walter Moses Adolph Moses Endowment Fund Paul Cutler D Cutler Browsing Alcove Smart Family Foundation Two Law School Louis Manierre George Manierre Collection Cyrus Adams Mrs Agnes Millar Wigmore Professor Robert Wyness Millar Edwin Perkins Foundation    Edwin Kitty Perkins Library Fund   OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES Lowden Hall School  Illinois School Law School On Separate Junior Bar Association Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition JBA Bookstore Faculty STUDENT RESIDENCE Living Casual English Inns Court Abbott Hall Law School School Abbott Hall Lake Michigan Lake Shore Drive Huron Superior Street Indiana On Facilities Floors School Law Rooms All Bed Each Trunks Abbott Hall Plan Abbott Hall Before Students Abbott Hall  Lake Michigan Hot Students Students Division Student Finance Abbott Hall Rental Bills Cashier  Office Abbott Hall Applications Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois Abbott Hall Two Rental Law School STUDENT HEALTH Entering Student Health Service Chicago Montgomery Ward Building Room Medical School Available Student Health Bulletin Supplemental Physicians  Student Health Service Room Acute Emergency Room Passavant Pavillion Northwestern Memorial Hospital Students An Health Service Students Director Health Service Specialty Health Service   Here   Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Law School THE COURSE OF INSTRUCTION Law School Rather Human Law Every Effective INTELLECTUAL CHALLENGE Reflecting Law School Beyond CLASSES Class There Two Time Law School Some Course Criminal Law Property Contracts Torts Lord Coke Blackstone Today Torts Property Criminal Law Contracts Law School Within Labor Law Taxation Administrative Law Law School Courses International Law Scientific Evidence Consumer Protection Comparative Law Welfare Litigation FACULTY Law School Each Their Such School METHODS OF INSTRUCTION To Northwestern Law School First Law School Seminars Advanced Instruction School Case Method Law School Under Northwestern Socratic Questions From Problem Method Law School Perhaps Perhaps Consultative School Characteristically Discussion Clinical Training Practice Courses Clinical Law School Northwestern Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Thorne Hall Law School Students Clinic Supreme Court Illinois Clinic During Moot Court Practicing Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Much Law School Seminars Seminars Legal Writing Skills Every Law School Before • Editorial Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Clearinghouse Review • Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School • Participation Senior Research Program • Enrollment Senior Research Program Senior Research Program Under During Because Law School     Depending University University African Senior Research Program Faculty Senior Research Program School  THE THREE YEAR CURRICULUM Northwestern Beginning Law School During Property Tort Contract Constitutional Law Criminal Law Moot Court Each Thereafter Law School Moreover Civil Liberties Constitutional Law Comparative Law Jurisprudence Perhaps School  JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Under National Institute Mental Health National Science Foundation Northwestern D Ph Bar They Applicants Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Northwestern University Chicago Ave Chicago Ill THE COMBINED M D PROGRAM Master Management M Juris Doctor D Graduate School Management School Law Under D School Law Graduate School Management Similarly M School Law Joint William Ruckelshaus Administrator Environmental Protection Agency Every An School Management School Law ACADEMIC REGULATIONS Programs Third Regular Failure Dean EXAMINATIONS Regular · Grades Dean GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS Juris Doctor Honors Satisfactory Credit Pass Honors Senior Research Participation Law Review Journal Crim Law Criminology Clearinghouse Review Participation Julius Miner Moot Court Competition National Moot Court Competition Law School Participation Courses DEGREES Degrees Trustees University School Law Before University Juris Doctor D School Law Graduation Requirements Northwestern University School Law Northwestern Degrees Graduate Study Law COURSE LOAD Courses On LIMITED ENROLLMENT Trial Practice School Trial Practice COURSE NUMBERING Each Law School Evidence Civil Procedure Law School University Law School University Procedure Practice Criminal Law Torts Contracts Contract Consequences Property Family Structure Arrangements Business Structure Regulation Taxation Governmental Structure Function Admiralty International Law Foreign Law Social Issues Jurisprudence Legal Philosophy Legal History Required Elective Upperclass Upperclass Seminar Seminar Clinical Senior Research Where Civil Procedure II • CURRICULUM FIRST YEAR COURSES FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Number Name Hours Number Required Contracts Courses Criminal Law Moot Court * Property Torts Elective Course** Total SECOND SEMESTER Course Name Contracts II Constitutional Law Legal Profession Moot Court Torts II Criminal Law Administration International Law Law Social Change Moot One Mi Okumura Bar Association Alumni Assoc Dinn SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS FIRST SEMESTER SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Number Name Hours Elective Accounting Admiralty Courses Adminitrative Law Offered Advanced Business Assa Partnerships Advanced Problems Constitutional Law Antitrust Law Antitrust Law Business Planning Procedure Civil Procedure II Clinical Practice Practice Clinical Practice Orientation Trial Advocacy Clinical Trial Advocacy Commercia Paper Commercial Paper IO Conflict Laws Conflict Laws IO Corporations Corporate Finance Debtor Creditor Relations Crimi Law Administration Decedents  Estates Decedents  Estates Trusts Trusts II Evidence Evidence Family Law Federal Corporate Federal Corporate Income Tax Income Tax Federal Estate Federal Estate Gift Taxation Gift Taxation Federal Individual Federal Individual Income Tax Income Tax Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law Labor Law Law Racism Law Social Change Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Assistance Cl Public Private Control Rea Estate Acquisition Land Use Disposition Secured Transactions State Local Scientific Evidence Government Securities Regulation Trademarks Trade Identity Unfair Trade Practices Trial Practice Trial Practice Welfare Litigation Women Law SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Cont  FIRST SEMESTER Course Course Credit Number Name Hours Elective Civil Liberties Seminars Computers Law Offered Criminal Evidence Criminal Law Current Problems Economic Development Political Modernization Law Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice Food Drug Law Jurisprudence Law Criminology Law Common Market Legislative Process Urban Housing Problems Elective Course Course Credit Courses Number Name Hours   Administrative Law Seminars Regulation Broadcasting Advanced Problems Securities Regu Iation Criminal Appellate Advocacy Environmental Law Equity Restitution Damages Fiduciary Administration Law Poverty Problems Taxation Business Income Legal History Real Estate Development Regulated Industries State Local Taxation Tax Policy Offerin SECOND SEMESTER Course Course Credit Number Name Hours African Law Antitrust Law Policy Consumer Protection Credit Sales Poverty Criminal Evidence Economic Analysis Public Policy Estate Planning Federal Criminal Trial Practice International Business Transactions Introduction Civil Law Judicial Administration Labor Law Law Education Law Psychiatry Problems Law Medicine Real Estate Development SENIOR RESEARCH Senior Research Registrar  Office Director Research DESCRIPTIONS OF CURRICULAR OFFERINGS Listed Numbers MOOT COURT Course First Second Semesters Messrs Barack Slater Lewis &amp; Assistants Instruction / One Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester Mr Spalding An Among               Materials CIVIL PROCEDURE Course First Semester Messrs Reese Waltz Structure Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Courts Mr Reese Waltz Cases Pleading Procedure Federal Rules Ci • Procedure United States District Courts Mr Waltz CIVIL PROCEDURE II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Reese Procedure Procedure Materials Mr Redish Reese Cases Civil Procedure Federal Rules Civil Procedure United States District Co Mr Reese EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Garland Mr Waltz Louisell Kaplan Waltz Cases Materia Evidence FEDERAL JURISDICTION Course Second Semester Mr Reese History Supreme Court Hart Wechsler Federal Courts Federal System Judicial Code Rules Procedure Federal Courts CLINICAL TRIAL ADVOCACY Course Messrs Garland Geraghty First Second Semesters Training Students  Circuit Court Northwestern Clinical Division Trial Materials TRIAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Mr Hanley Mr Stifler An Circuit Court Cook County Prerequisites Civil Procedure Eridence Materials COMPUTERS AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Roberts &amp; Sprowl Materials JUDICIAL ADMINISTRATION Seminar Second Semest Mr Spalding Consideration Guest Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE ORIENTATION Course First Semester Legal Clinic Staff Mr Hyman Co Required Legal Clinic Clinic Clinical Practice Third Clinic Development Chicago Materials CLINICAL PRACTICE Course First Second Semesters Ms Crawford Mr Eovaldi Mr Garland Mr Geraghty Mr Hyman Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Federal Defender Program Consumer Fraud Division Illinois State Attorney General  Office Law School Training Students Illinois Supreme Court Rule Illinois Illinois State Prerequisite Clinical Practice Orientation Northwestern Legal Clinic Clinical Practice Orientation Supervisors Clinical Practice Orientation Preference Legal Clinic Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROCEDURE AND PRACTICE CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester Messrs Heinz Concepts Inba Thompson Sowle Cases a Comme Criminal Justice Vol CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course Messrs Garland Second Semester Inbau Inbau Thompson Haddad Zagel Starkm Cases Comments Criminal Procedure SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE Course Second Semester Mr Scientific Materials LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY Semina First Semester Mr Heinz Consideration ·•   Materi CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr Inbau Ma CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Aspen Mr Bronner An Ma CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar Not FEDERAL CRIMINAL TRIAL PRACTICE Seminar First Second Semesters Mr Garland Discussion Federal Students Federal Defender Panel Federal Defender Program Classroom Students Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CRIMINAL LAW TORTS Course First Semester Messrs Redish Slater Protection Prosser Cases Materi Torts Mr Redish Materials Mr Slater TORTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Redish Rosenblum Torts Torts Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN TORTS CONTRACTS II Course Second Semester Messrs Bennett DuBose Contracts Article Uniform Commercial Code Materials CONTRACTS Course First Semester Messrs Bennett DuBose Study Statute Frauds Contrac Attention Uniform Commercial Code Materials COMMERCIAL PAPER Course First Second Semesters Mr Farnsworth Honnold Comm Law Cases Materials ifor Co Code Official Text Comment SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course First Semester Mr Gordon Secured Extensive Federa Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Co Lt Materials Ed Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments INSURANCE LAW Course Second Semeste Mr Chamberlin Basics Keeton / s ra Law Basic Text Keeton Case Supplement Basic Text Insurance Law EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course Not DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester Mr Eovald Outline Federal Bankruptcy Act Consideration Chapter XIII Bankruptcy Act Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN CONTRACTS AND &lt; ONTRACT CONSEQUENCES PROPERTY Cou First Semester Messrs Gordon Schuyler Int Historical Shelley  Casner Leach Cases Te Property REAL ESTATE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester Mr Goldman An Materials PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Co First Semester Mr Spalding On On Spa Cases Materials Uses  iro me ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course Not INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Course Second Semester Messrs Lungmus &amp; Tilton Survey Multilithed URBAN HOUSING PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester Mr Tucker Study Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN PROPERTY FAMILY LAW Course First Semester Mr Beckstrom Paulson Wadlington Goebel Cases Domestic Relations DECEDENTS  ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester Messrs Berger Chamberlin Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents  Estates Trusts DECEDENT ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester Mr Schuyler Charitable Prerequisite Decedents  Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents  Estates Trusts ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Instructor Second Semester Mr Kirby Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Individual Income Taxation Federa Corporate Income Tax Materials FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN FAMILY STRUCTURE AND ARRANGEMENTS CORPORATIONS Course First Semester Messrs Barack Ruder Attention Cary Cases Materials Corporations ACCOUNTING Course First Semester Mr Brady Principles Fiflis Kripke Accounting Business Lawyers ANTITRUST LAW Course First Semester Messrs Rahl &amp; Slater Second Semester Slater Federal Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation Business Rahl Slater Cases Materials Antitrust Law LABOR LAW Course First Semester Mr Hillman An Meltzer Labor Law Cases MMerials Problems TRADEMARKS TRADE IDENTITY AND UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES Course First Semester Messrs Hilliard &amp; Pattishall Deceptive Federal Trade Commission Cases \ Trademarks Trade Iden u Unfair Trade Practices SECURITIES REGULATION Course Second Semester Mr Ruder Federal Civil Securities Exchange Commission Prerequisi/ Corpora/ Finance Jennings Marsh Securities Regula/ CORPORATION FINANCE Course Second Semester Messrs Barack Ruder An Securities Act Brudney Chirelstein Cases Malerials Corpora/ Finance Prerequisi/ Corporations ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester Mr Shapiro Analysis Development Prerequisite Corporation Finance Materials BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester Mr Shapiro Advanced Emphasis Prerequisites Corporation Fi a Federal Corporate l co Taxation Materials FOOD AND DRUG LAW Seminar First Semester Messrs Burditt &amp; Thompson Federal Food Drug Cosmetic Act Christopher Cases a Malerials Food Drug Law REGULATED INDUSTRIES Seminar Not ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Not ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar Second Semester Messrs Rahl &amp; Slater Advanced Prerequisite / Law Materials LABOR LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Hillman An Prerequisite Labor Law Multilithed SENIOR RESEARCH IN BUSINESS STRUCTURE AND REGULATION FEDERAL INDIVIDUAL INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson An Pedrick Kirby · Study Federal Tax Laws Income Tax Volume  Mr Kirby Materials Mr Thompson FEDERAL EST ATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Kirby Mr Thompson Pedrick Kirby Study Federal Tax Law Estate Gift Tax Vo Mr Kirby Mr Thompson FEDERAL CORPORATE INCOME TAX Course First Semester Second Semester Mr Thompson Mr Kirby Subchapte Selecting Prerequisite Federal / di • Income Tax Pedrick Kirby   Study Federa Tax Law Income Tax Volume  Mr Kirby Wolfman  Federal Income Taxation Business Enterprise  Mr Thompson ST TE AND LOCAL TAXATION Course Not PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Not TAX POLICY Seminar Not SENIOR RESEARCH IN TAXATION CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Messrs Gordon Nathanson Gunther Dowling Cases Material Co stitutio Law ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester Messrs Nathanson Rosenblum Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Not STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT Course First Semester Mrs Netsch Selected Materials THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESS Course First Semester Mr Mikva Studies Materials ADV AN CED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course First Semester Mr Todd Emphasis S Constitution Gunther Dowling / di ·id Rights i Constitutional Law Cases Materials CIVIL LIBERTIES Seminar First Semester Mr Nathanson   Bill Rights Co Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN GOVERNMENT AL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney An Bases Materials CONFLICT OF LAWS Course First Semester Mr MacChesney Second Semester Mr Nekam Enforcement Jaw Brief Cramton Conflict Laws Mr MacChesney Reese Rosenberg Cases Conflict Lall  Mr Nekam ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester Mr MacChesney General Jurisdiction Healy Cases Admiralty INTRODUCTION TO CIVIL LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Schwerin St Anglo American Continental Selected Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar Second Semester Mr Nekam An African Western Problems Jaw Materials INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS Seminar Second Semester Mr Barack An Materials THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar First Semester Mr Nicholson European Economic Community Written Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions /a Area SENIOR RESEARCH IN ADMIRALTY INTERNATIONAL LAW AND FOREIGN LAW LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE Course Second Semester Messrs Heinz Hillman Consideration Specific Materials LAW AND POVERTY Course Not WELFARE LITIGATION Course Second Semester Mr Bennett An Proposals Prerequisite Civil Procedure Materials LAW AND RACISM Course Second Semester Mr Todd An United States Community Materials WOMEN AND THE LAW Course Second Semester Instructor Materials CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar Second Semester Mr Eovaldi An Statutes Truth Lending Act Fair Credit Reporting Act Uniform Consumer Credit Code National Consumer Credit Act Multilithed ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester Mr Schweinitz Materials ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Second Semester Mr Schweinitz Economic Materials LAW AND EDUCATION Seminar Second Semester Mr Rosenblum Analysis United States Materials PROBLEMS IN LAW AND MEDICINE Seminar Second Semester Mr Waltz Selected Waltz Wadlington Problems Law Medicine LAW AND PSYCHIATRY Seminar Second Semester Messrs DuBose Schneider An Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN SOCIAL ISSUES LEGAL HISTORY Course Not JURISPRUDENCE Seminar First Semester Mr Nekam Problems Legal Materials SENIOR RESEARCH IN JURISPRUDENCE LEGAL PHILOSOPHY AND LEGAL HISTORY Willard Wirtz Secretary Labor School HONORS AND PRIZES THE ORDER OF THE COIF Order Coif Northwestern Northwestern Order Co IO THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW Selection Board Editors Northwestern University Law Review THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW /\ND CRIMINOLOGY Second Jo Crim Law CLEARINGHOUSE REVIEW Staff Clearinghouse Review WIGMORE KEY Established Junior Bar Association School Select THE LOWDEN WIGMORE PRIZES Income Frank Lowden Class BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE Income Barnet Hodes Class Law Government Each THE HYDE PRIZE Professor Charles Cheney Hyde School Law MOOT COURT PLAQUE Graduating Class Julius Moot Court Competition Law School AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE AWARDS American Jurisprudence INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF JNSURANCE COUNSEL JOURNAL AWARD Insurance Counsel Journal Insurance PRENTICE HALL TAXATION AWARD Each Prentice Hall Inc Federal Tax Guide Taxation INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES Institute  Trial Practice Institute National Moot Court Competition SUPPLEMENT AL PROGRAMS Law School Lectures United States Law School  Law School Others School THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES Julius Rosenthal Foundation Law School Chicago Bar One Foundation Rosenthal Lecture Series Preeminent School Rosenthal Foundation Sir William Searle Holdsworth Vinerian Professor Law Oxford University Some Lessons Our Legal History Macmillan Antonio Sanchez Bustamante University Havana Permanent Court International Justice John Wu Chief Justice Court Appeals Shanghai Law Codification Commission China   Legal Systems Old New China Comparison  Art Law Oth Essays Juridical Literary Commercial Press Jean Escarra Faculty Law University Paris Charles Warren   Supreme Court United States History  Bankruptcy United States History Harvard University Press Walton Hale Hamilton Professor Law Yale University Henry Lummus Associate Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts Trial Judge Foundation Press Inc Lon Fuller Professor Law Harvard University Law Quest Itself Foundation Press Inc United Nations United Nations Adlai Stevenson Class United States Ambassador United Nations Mr Stevenson International Relations International Law John Hazard Professor Russian Institute Columbia University   Soviet Union International Law  Paul Freund Professor Law Harvard University  On Understanding Supreme Court   Little Brown Co John Dawson Professor Law University Michigan   History Unjust Enrichment   Unjust Enrichment Comparative Analysis Little Brown Co Abraham Feller General Counsel United Nations  Wo Law World Community United Nations   United Nations World Community Little Brown Co Charles Horsky District Columbia Bar Lawyer Government Washington Lawyer Little Brown Co  Liability Air Carriers Rome Conference   Eugene Pepin Legal Director International Civil Aeronautics Organization Essentials Sound Judici System  Arthur Vanderbilt Chief Justice Supreme Court New Jersey Nuremberg Trials  Robert Jackson Assoc Justice Supreme Court United States Revision Illinois Criminal Code Walter Schaefer Justice Supreme Court Illinois Herbert Wechsler Professor Law Columbia University Adolf Berle Jr Professor Law Co University   Century Capitalist Revolution   Harcourt Brace James Willard Hurst Professor Law University Wisconsin   Law Liberty Nineteenth Century   Law Conditions Freedom Nin Century United States University Wisconsin Press Louis Sohn Professor Law Harvard University Ernest Gross Legal Adviser Secretary Genera United Nations John Parker Chief Judge United States Court Appeals Fourth Circuit Rule Law Under New Japanese Constitution  Nobushige Ukai Professor Law Political Science Tokyo University  Judicial Enforcement Desegregation Its Problems Limitations   Papale Dean Schoo Law Loyola University New Orleans  Murder Principles Punishment   Herbert Hart Professor Jurisprudence Oxford University Leon Green Dean Law School Distinguished Professor Law University Texas  Tort Liability Loss Insurance Traffic Victims   Traffic Victims Tort Law Insurance Northwestern University Press Louis Eisenstein District Columbia Bar Ideologies Taxation   Ronald Press Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe Lord Appeal Ordinary United Kingdom Law Its Compass   Northwestern University Press Harold Canfield Havighurst Dean Law School Nature Private Contract   Northwestern University Press Rt Rev James Pike Bishop Episcopal Diocese California   Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics Religious Ethical Vocation Lawyer   Beyond Law Doubleday Company Inc Wilber Katz Professor Law University Wisconsin   Religion American Constitutions   Northwestern University Press Dean Zelman Cowen University Melbourne School Law British Commonwealth Nations Changing World Law Politics Prospects   Northwestern University Press   Perspectives Court  Supreme Court United States Participants Max Freedman William Seaney Professor Politics Law Princeton University Eugene Rostow Dean Professor Law Yale University Northwestern University Press Justice Walter Schaefer Supreme Court Illinois  Criminal Procedures Converging Constitutional Doctrines   Suspect Society Northwestern University Press Justice Andre Donner Court Justice European Communities   Role Lawyer European Communities   Northwestern University Press Judge Carl McGowan Court Appeals District Columbia Circuit   Organization Judicial Power United States   Northwestern University Press Professor Harry Jones Cardozo Professor Jurisprudence Columbia University School Law   Efficacy Law   Northwestern University Press Adrian Fisher Dean Georgetown University Law Center Deputy Director Arms Control Disarmament Agency  General Disarmament World Law   Arthur Goldberg D Justice S Supreme Court Ambassador United Nations   Supreme Court United States Some Reflections Its Past Present Future   Northwestern University Press Willard Wirtz United States Secretary Labor  Labor Law   Northwestern University Press  Perspectives Justice   Participants Telford Taylor Professor Law Columbia University Honorable Constance Baker Motley S District Judge Southern District New York James Feibleman Professor Philosophy Tulane University THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation Professor Linthicum Class Law School From American European Foundation Among European Common Market Since Linthicum Foundation John Kenneth Galbraith Arthur Goldberg Judge Paul Hays Newton Minow Eugene Rostow Adlai Stevenson Willard Wirtz OTHER ENDOWED PROGRAMS Cranston Catharine Spray Fund Cranston Spray Class Catharine Spray Edwin Walsh Fund Edwin Walsh Class Law School / Kocourek Fund Albert Kocourek Law School Students Legal Assistance Clinic LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Law School Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Council Legal Education Professional Responsibility Inc Field Foundation Legal Aid Bureau United Charities Chicago Arnold Shure Woods Charitable Fund Inc An Legal Clinic Program Law School Northwestern University Chicago Third Rules Supreme Court Illinois CORPORA TE COUNSEL INSTITUTE Annually Northwestern Corporate Counsel Institute American Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Institute Continuing Education Illinois Bar Association Institute United States Institute Proceedings Institute Students Law School Institute Northwestern Law Review Dean Law School Abraham Lincoln Alumnus Class STUDENT ACTIVITIES Like Law Beyond Law School Northwestern Law School  School His United States Students One Law School Law School Law Law School LEGAL PUBLICATIONS Students Northwestern Journal Criminal Law Criminology Northwestern University Law Clearinghouse Review Selection Journal Criminal Law Criminology Journal Criminal Law Criminology United States Founded Dean John Henry Wigmore Journal While Journal Members Journal Those Two Journal Supreme Court Review Supreme Court Arthur Goldberg Secretary Labor Supreme Court Justice S Ambassador United Nations Northwestern University Law Review One Law School Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Northwestern Law Review School Publication Law Review University Chicago University Illinois Northwestern Northwestern University Law Review Law Review Members Selection Law School Law Review Participation Law Review Clearinghouse Review Northwestern Clearinghouse Review National Clearinghouse Legal Services Office Economic Opportunity Clearinghouse Review Student An Honorable Tom Clark Justice Supreme Court United States Julius Miner Moot Court Competition JULIUS MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION Moot Court Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Made Judge Julius Miner Moot Court Board Those Associate Justice Arthur Goldberg Tom Clark Thurgood Marshall Potter Stewart Byron White Supreme Court United States Law School National Moot Court Competition Miner Competition STUDENT GOVERNMENT THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION All Junior Bar Association Law School JBA Parents Day Law Day University Outstanding School JBA Speaker  Program JBA HONOR CODE An Law School  Honor Code Junior Bar Association Honor Code Law School Honor Code Judicial Council Association Council Code Law School Law School THE WOMEN CAUCUS Women  Caucus Law School Caucus School Extended Study Program Women  Caucus Weekly Caucus Caucus BLACK LAW STUDENTS ASSOCIATION Black Law Students Association 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Educational Testing Service Law School Data Assembly Service An Law School Northwestern Each Law School VISITS TO THE SCHOOL An Committee Admissions Since Assistant Dean An Conferences Law School WHEN TO APPLY Applicants Committee Admissions All Any Committee Admissions Applicants See Applications Determinations Law School Admission Test Each Each Upon TRANSFER Juris Doctor Generally Transfer Law School Admission Test Since Dean School Association American Law Schools EXTENDED STUDY PROGRAM Recognizing Law School Extended Study Program Extended Study Program Participating PRE LEGAL STUDY Law School Since College Accordingly Courses Studies English Apart He Ordinarily He TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Abbott Hall Law Scho Of TUITION Short Law School Northwestern Tuition Two Law School Law School Law School Continuing Entering Full Part Auditor  Resident Research Subsequent Increases Candidates Juris Doctor Candidates Master Laws LL Doctor Juridical Science J Bachelor Laws Juris Doctor All 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Thompson Mrs Floyd Thompson Mrs Goff Beach Jr Illinois Wisconsin Judge Thompson Supreme Court Illinois President Illinois Chicago Bar Associations Board Governors American Bar Association Law School Ednyfed Williams Memorial Scholarship Ednyfed Williams Chicago School Law Mrs Edna Williams Virgil Day Scholarship Fund Virgil Day Class Law School Virgil Day Sr Dean Law School School Annual General Electric Company Mr Day Shirley Tark Scholarship Shirley Tark Class Law School Dean Irene McCormick Scholarship Fund Irene McCormick Miss McCormick Chicago Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund Mrs Katharine Dexter McCormick Dean  Law Alumni Scholarship Fund Ware Scholarship Mrs Fannie Ware Lieutenant Manierre Barlow Ware Argonne Frederic De Young Scholarship Frederic De Young LLB LLD Supreme Court Illinois Herbert De Young Ruth De Young Kohler Mrs Herbert University School Law Illinois Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund Anna Louise Raymond Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund Joseph Wright Class Law School Amy Eloise Wright Income Elmer Smith Scholarship Fund From Elmer Smith City Products Corporation Scholarship Since City Products Corporation Des Plaines Illinois Law School Theodore Stone Scholarship An Theodore Stone Class Mrs Stone Commencing Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund Wellington Walker Chicago George Keane Scholarship Law School George Keane Dean Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation Scholarships Since Chicago Title Trust Company Foundation School Law Rufus Sage Scholarship School Law From Mrs Ellen Sage Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship Chicago Graduate Chapter Tau Epsilon Rho Law School Blumberg Book Fund Nathan Blumberg Class Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund Mahlon Ogden West Class Dean Class Scholarship Class Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships Farmers Insurance Group Los Angeles Northwestern Ernest Schroeter Scholarship Fund From Ernest Schroeter Class Thad Talcott Jr Scholarship Fund From Thad Talcott Class David Campbell Fund From David Campbell Class Hendrik Folonie 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Association American Law Student Association American Bar Association Fund Legal Education American Bar Association Inquiries Office Admissions Northwestern University  Income Protection Student Loan Program University Federally Insured Student Loan Program Further Office Admissions State Guaranteed Loan Program Information Illinois Bar Foundation Specific Northwestern GRADUATE STUDY AND DEGREES Law School One School American ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY FOR ADVANCED DEGREES Master Laws Doctor Juridical Science Committee Graduate Studies Experience English English Application Committee Graduate Studies Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Avenue Chicago Illinois DEGREES Two Master Laws LL Doctor Juridical Science J Teachers Dean Rahl Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Master Laws LL Master Laws University Also School Students Each Graduate Committee During Northwestern University Law Review Journal Criminal Law Criminology Doctor Juridical Science J Doctor Juridical Science Juris Doctor Bachelor Laws School Juris Doctor School Dean Faculty TUITION FEES AND EXPENSES Full Accommodations University  Chicago GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS Two James Nelson Raymond International Fellowships Each Anna James Nelson Raymond Fellowship United States Normally Fellowships  Old Northwestern!    Th Counsellor  Cl /  Joltn Wigmore Dean THE SCHOOL AND ITS ALUMNI Law School School Placement Service School  School PLACEMENT Northwestern Law School Law School Assistant Dean Development Placement Placement Service While Each Placement Service Law School  Some Chicago United States Northwestern American Not Furthering Working Others Law School United States United Nations Northwestern Northwestern Its United States An Law School Law School Attractive Law School Alumni Graduating Law School  Placement Service Each United States Law School Government School Beyond Placement Service Chicago THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Over Law School Law School  Robert McCormick Hall Owen Coon Library Law Alumni Fund School They Moot Court Each American Bar Association An Chicago Henry Kenoe Earl Pollock Patrick  Brien Raymond Suekoff Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Herbert Paschen Earl Pollock Patrick Brien Raymond Suekoff Francis McConnell Abraham Fishman Thomas Murphy Henry Kenoe Richard Flynn Harry Horrow Helmer Johnson Laurence Oliphant Jr Norman Sevin Philip Von Ammon Paul Ziffren BOARD OF DIRECTORS Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias Milton Fisher Hon Julius Hoffman William Jordan George Keane William McKittrick Richard Trenkman Franklin Chanen Jerome Ettelson Paul Gerden Crane Hauser Barnet Hodes Mark MacDonald Esther Kegan Richard Jenkins Hon Cecil Partee Robert Patterson Elroy Sandquist Harold Shapiro William Brady John Crown Francis McConnell James Otis Ray Schoonhoven Shirley Tark Isidore Brown James Hardman George Kelm Timothy Klenk Milton Kolar Russell Matthias ROSTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES INDEX Abbott Hall Academic Admission Alumni Application Attendance Buildings Black Law Students Association BLSA Calendar Classes Classrooms Clearinghouse Review Colleges Combined Corporate Counsel Institute Course Course Course Course Curriculum Data Degrees Enrollment Examinations Expenses Facilities Faculty Fees Financial Graduate Graduation Grants Health Honor Code Honors Housing International D M D Ph Journal Criminal Law Criminology Julius Miner Moot Court Competition Junior Bar Association Law Alumni Association Law Social Sciences Law Review Law School Admission Test Law Wives Legal Assistance Clinic Legal Publications Legal Library Linthicum Foundation Program Loans Medical Methods Senior Research Program M D Moot Northwestern Uni Law Review Officers Order Coif Ph J Placement Pre Publications Rebates Refunds Research Rosenthal Lectures Schedule Scholarships Seminars Senior Research Program Sociolegal Student Student Student Student Supplemental Corporate Counsel Institute Linthicum Foundation Program Rosenthal Lectures Voluntary Transfer Tuition Visits Voluntary Women  Caucus Withdrawal Northwestern University Chicago Campus Abbott Hall Veterans Administration Levy Hall Law School McCormick Hall Law School Searle Building Thorne Hall Philippians</text>
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                    <text>THE SCHOOL OF LAW
1971-1972

�•'

�THE SCHOOL OF LAW
THE ACADEMIC YEAR 1971-72

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
Chicago, Illin ois

�The Law School buildings form a quadrangle in a park-like setting
on the shore of Lake Michigan-a half mile from the Loop.

�CONTENTS
Where to \!\Trite . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4

Calendar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5

Officers, Faculty, and Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6

Law Study at Northwestern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
The School . ... . . . . .... .. . .. . . .. .. . ... . . ... . . .. . ... ... . .. . . . . 12
The Course of Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
The Life of the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Admission to the School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Tuition, Fees and Expenses . . . ..... . ..... .. ....... . ...... . . ... . 76
Financial Aid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Graduate Study: Admission and Fellowships . . . . .. . . . .. . .. .. .. . . . . 86
The School and Its Alumni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Register of Colleges and Universities .. ... . . . ... . .. . ..... ... . . . .. 95
Index .... . . ...... ........ . . . .. . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .... .. .... .. ..... 96
Map of Chicago Campus .. . . . .. . . . . .... . . . . . ....... Inside back cover

�WHERE TO WRITE
Address all Law School mail to:
Northwestern University School of Law
357 East Chicago Avenue
Chicago, Illinois 60611
Additionally, address mail concerning the particular matters
listed below to the specific Law School offices indicated:
Office of Admissions
Admission to the regular session for students seeking the
J.D. degree:
Applications, including applications to transfer
Requests for forms or information
Recommendations
Financial assistance information and forms for candidates for
the J.D. degree
Registrar
Admission to Summer School for those already enrolled in
a law school
Requests for transcripts covering work completed at the
Law School
Program in Law and the Social Sciences
Applicants interested in the joint degree program leading to
the J.D. and a Ph.D. should write to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program
in Law and the Social Sciences
Committee on Graduate Studies
Admission to graduate study for those holding the J.D. degree
or equivalent
Graduate fellowships
Placement Service
Placement of students and graduates
Law Alumni Association
Alumni affairs other than placement service
For information on campus housing, write:
Manager, Abbott Hall
710 North Lake Shore Drive
Chicago, Illinois 60611
4

�CALENDAR FOR 1971-72
1971

SEPTEMBER

9

SEPTEMBER

13

NOVEMBER

24

NOVEMBER
DECEMBER

29
6-10

DECEMBER

17

Thursday, 8:30 a.m.

Registration and first day of classes
for new students

Classes begin
Wednesday, 5:55 p.m. Thanksgiving recess begins
Classes resume
Monday, 8:30 a.m.
Registration for spring semester
Monday-Friday
Christmas recess begins
Friday, 5:55 p.m.

Monday, 8:30 a.m .

1972

JANUARY

3

Monday, 8:30 a.m.

Classes resume

JANUARY

11

Classes close

JANUARY

13-22

JANUARY
APRIL

31

Tuesday, 5:55 p .m.
Thursday-Saturday
Monday, 8:30 a.m.

APRIL

10

APRIL

24-28

MAY

19

MAY 24- JUNE 2
JUNE

17

Examination period
Second semester classes begin

Saturday, noon
Monday, 8:30 a.m.
Monday-Friday

Spring recess begins

Friday, 5:55 p.m.
Wednesday-Friday
Saturday

Classes close

Classes resume
Registration for fall semest~r for
students currently enrolled
Examination period
One Hundred and Fourteenth
Annual Commencement

SCHEDULES AND HOURS
Classes are normally held Monday through Friday between the hours of
8:30 a.m. and 5:55 p .m. The schedule of classes is posted on the official bulletin
board before the beginning of each term.
The Law School buildings are open to students from 7:30 a.m. to 11:00 p.m.
on Monday through Friday, from 8:30 a.m. to 5:45 p.m. on Saturday, and from
2:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday.
5

�OFFICERS ,

FACULTY,

AN D

STAFF

UNIVERSITY OFFICERS
J. RoscoE MILLER, M.D ., LLD., Sc.D., LH.D., Chancellor
ROBERT H. STROTZ, PH.D., President of the University
PAYSON S. WILD, PH.D., LLD., LITT.D., Provost
WILLIAM S. KERR, Vice-President and Business Manager
ARTHUR T_ ScHMEHLING, C.P.A., Vice-President and Controller
ROBERT B. LAWSON, M.D., Vice-President for Health Sciences
JOHN E. FIELDS, M .E.A., Vice-President for Development
RAYMOND W. MACK, PH.D., Vice-President and Dean of Faculties
WALTERS. OWEN, PH.D., Vice-President for Science and R esearch
WILLIAM C. BRADFORD, PH.D., Associate Provost
DoNALD D. DEFORD, PH.D., Ass ista nt Vice-President for R esearch
Emeritus

HARRY L WELLS, B.S., LLD., Vice-President of the University

LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS
JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LLB., J.S.D ., Dean and John H enry Wigmore Professor of
Law
WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D., LLB., Associate Dean and
Associate Professor of Law
10RMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assistant Dean and Associate Professor
of Law
!GoR I. KAvAss, LLB., Librarian and Professor of Law
EDWARD H. PALMER, LLB., Assistant Dean

FACULTY
JoHN H. BECKSTROM, B.A., J.D., LLM., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of
absence 1971 -72
ROBERT W. BENNETT, B.A., LLB., Associate Professor of Law
WILLIAM C. CHAMBERLIN, A.B., M.A., PH.D ., LLB ., Associate D ean and
Associate Professor of Law
ROBERT CHILDRES, B.A., LLB., B.C.L, Professor of Law
ANTHONY A. D'AMATO, A.B., LLB ., PH.D., Associate Professor of Law
KARL DE ScHWEINITZ, B.A., PH.D ., Professor of Economics and Law
THOMAS L EOVALDI, B.S., LLB., Associate Professor of Law, on leave of absence
second semester 1971 -72
NORMAN M. GARLAND, B.S., J.D., LLM., Assista nt Dean a nd Associate Professor
of Law
STEVEN GOLDMAN, A.B., LLB., Associate Professor of Law
IRVING A. GORDON, A.B., J.D., Professor of Law
JAMES B. HADDAD, B.A., J .D., LLM., Assistant Professor of Law
6

�HAROLD C. HAVIGHURST, B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus
JOHN P. H EINZ, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law
JoRDAN JAY HILLMAN, M.A., J.D., S.J .D ., Professor of Law
FRED E. !NBAU, B.S., LL.B., LL.M., Professor of Law
!GoR I. KAvAss, LL.B., Professor of Law and Librarian
VANCE N . KIRBY, A.B., LL.B., Professor of Law
GARY S. LASER, B.B.A., J.D., Visiting Assistant Professor of Law and Director of
Clinical Education
BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY, B.A., J.D., Edna B. and Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial
Professor of Law and Director of Graduate Studies
WILLIAM M. McGOVERN, JR. , A.B., LL.B. , Professor of Law, on leave of absence
1971 ;72
NATHANIEL L. NATHANSON, B.A., LL.B., S.J.D., Frederic P. Vose Professor of Law
ALEXANDER NEKAM, LL.B., J.U.D., S.J.D., Professor of Law
DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., J.D. Professor of Law
JOHN C. O 'BYRNE, A.B., M.S., LL.B., Professor of L aw
JAMES A. RAHL, B.S., J.D. , Professor of Law and Director of Research
HARRY B. REESE, B.A., LL.B., Professor of L aw
JOHN RITCHIE, B.S., LL.B ., J.S.D., Dean and John H enry Wigmore Professor of
Law
WILLIAM R. RoALFE, LL.B., LL.D., Professor of Law Emeritus
VICTOR G. ROSENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D., Professor of Law
DAVIDS. R UDER, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law
DANIEL M . SCHUYLER, B.A., J.D., Professor of Law
KuRT SCHWERIN, M.S.Sc. , B.S. IN L.S., PH.D., Professor of Law Emeritus
FRANCIS 0. SPALDING, B.A., JD., Professor of Law
THOMAS N. ToDD, B.A., LL.B., Assistant Professor of Law and Assistant Director, Center for Urban Affairs
LAWRENCE W. WAGGONER, B.B.A., J.D., PH.D. (OxoN.), Visiting Professor of
Law
JoN R. WALTZ, B.A., LL.B., Professor of Law

LECTURERS
ZEAMORE A. ADER, B.S., JD ., Lecturer on Professions of the Bar
MARVIN E. ASPEN, B.S.L. , J.D ., Lecturer on Ordinance Violations Problems
PAUL J . BOHANNAN, B.A., PH.D ., Lecturer on Legal Anthropology
'iiVILLIAM W. BRACKETT, B.S., J.D ., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
WILLIAM W. BRADY, B.S., J.D. , Lecturer on Legal Accounting
JAMES R. BRONNER, B.A., J.D., LL.M., Lecturer on Criminal Evidence
GEORGE M. BURDITT, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug L aw
ROBERT F. HANLEY, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Trial Practice
HENRY W. KENOE, B.S.L., J.D ., Lecturer on Legal Clinic
HoN. OTTO KERNER, A.B., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on State and Local Government
JoHN B. LuNGMUS, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Intellectual Property
BEVERLY W. PATTISHALL, B.S., LL.B., Lecturer on Trademarks
JEROME J. ROBERTS, B.B.A., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law
HoN. WALTER V. SCHAEFER, PH.D., J.D., LL.D., Lecturer on Judicial Process
7

�HoN. JosEPH SCHNEIDER, B.S., M .S.W ., J .D., Lecturer on Law and Psychiatry
HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, B.S., J.D., Edward A. Harriman Lecturer
on Corporations and Partnerships
JAMES A. SPROWL, B.S., J.D., Lecturer on Computers and the Law
MERRILLS. THOMPSON, A.B., LL.B., Lecturer on Food and Drug L aw
TIMOTHY L. TILTON, B.S., JD. , Lecturer on Intellectual Property

TEACHING ASSOCIATE
J W. REDDISH, B .A. (Oxon.)

ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION
THEODORE M. BECKER, A.B.
MARILYN J . BLUTMAN, B.A.
DIANE L. CRAWFORD, B.A., M.A.
ROBERT E . FIELD, B.A., M.A.
RAYMOND A. FYLSTRA, B .A.
JUDITH E. KUHN, A.B.

JAMES L. MARTIN, B.S.B.A.
WILLIAM G . MCMASTER, JR., B.A.
PETER R. MEYERS, B.A., M.A.
WAYNE E. PETERSON, B.A.
JUDITH 0. WOLF, B.S.
ALLAN I. ZACKLER, B.A.

PUBLICATIONS STAFF
DAWN CLARK NETSCH, B.A., JD., Chairman, Board of Managers, Northwestern

University Law Review

JAMES B . HADDAD, B.A., J .D., LL.M., Faculty Adv iser, Journal of Criminal Law,

Criminology and Police Science

MARVIN E. WOLFGANG, PH.D ., Criminology Editor, Journal of Criminal Law,

Criminology and Police Science

ORDWAY HILTON, B.S., M.A., Police Science Editor, Journal of Criminal Law,

Criminology and Police Science

MARIE D. CHRISTIANSEN, Business Manager of Legal Publications
HARRIET G. CHRISTIANSEN, Secretary
SusAN A. MITTLEMAN, Secretary

ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF
CAROL BENZ, Faculty Secretary
MARILYN B. CoHN, Secretary to the Associate Dean
DIANA M. DENISON, Deans' Assistant
GAIL A. EARLEY, Secretary, Criminal L aw Program
MARCIA G. GUTHRIDGE, A.B., Assistant to the Registrar
JUDITH A. HAGGENJOS, Secretary of Admissions
JOAN F. JACKSON, Registrar
GENEVIEVE JOHNSON, B.E., Secretary to the Dean
HELEN A. KuPROK, Placement Secretary
DoNA LAKETEK, B .A., Faculty Secretary
AMELIA A. LASHOK, Faculty Secretary
BERNICE F. LE BEAU, B.S., Research Secretary
SARAH MINGO, Receptionist and General Assistant
WENDY H. NixoN, Admissions Office Assistant
8

�KRYSTYNA I. OBUCHOWICZ, Faculty Secretary
FRANK J. PLAZA, Assis tant, Reproduction Department
ELIZABETH L. SIMON, Financial Secretary
MARLYS SPERGER, Secretary, Criminal Law Program
BETTY E. THEISEN, Faculty Secretary
KRISTIN A. TowNER, Faculty Secretary
M. HOPE TUCKER, B.S., Admissions Office Assistant
RICHARD F. WIECZOREK, Head, Reproduction Department
ELEANOR B. WILLIAMS, B.A., Faculty Secretary
BONNIE H . WINN, A.B., Law Alumni Secretary

LIBRARY STAFF
IGOR I. KAVASS, LL.B., Librarian
ELAINE E. TEIGLER, B.S., M .A., Assistant Librarian and Head, Readers' Services
Department
MARTA M. PRYJMA, MGR. JURIS, M.A. IN L.S., Head, Classification and Cataloging D epartment
GOLDIE GREEN ALPERIN, JD ., Head, Book Selection
LILIANE LEVY, LICENSE EN DROIT, Head, Foreign and International Law Sections
DOROTHY KLOFKORN, B.S., Acquisitions Librarian
Esn-IER L. ANDERSON, Secretary
ETELKA VAJDA, B.A., M.A. IN L.S., Assistant in Reference and Cataloging
JosEPHINE BROWN, B.A., M.A. IN L.S., Cataloger
MILADA WEBER, DR. JUR., M .S. IN L.S., Cataloger
JoHN W. CAMPBELL, Reference Assistant in Charge of Stacks
MARIA C. CHASE, Reference Assistant in Charge of Circulation
SELMA KRAHN, Cataloging Assistant
EDWARD J. ROWAN, B.S., Library Assistant
EUGENIA WERES, Cataloging Assistant
MARIJA KOVACEVIC, Cataloging Assistant
JAMES lsAAC, B.S., Library Assistant

PROGRAM IN LAW AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
VICTOR G. RosENBLUM, LL.B., PH.D ., Director
MAE CLAIR, Administrative Secretary

LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC
GARY S. LASER, B.B.A., J.D., Assistant to the Dean and Director of Clinical
Education
MARK B. EPSTEIN, B.A., J .D., Staff Attorney
THOMAS F. GERAGHTY, A.B., J.D., Staff Attorney
LEE D. GOLDSTEIN, B.A., J.D., Staff Attorney
JONATHAN M . HYMAN, A.B., LL.B., Staff Attorney
NANCY KETZENBERG, Legal Worker
NANCY McCULLOUGH, Legal Worker
CLAIRE OsTEMA, Legal Worker
CHRISTINA SIEMASKO, Legal Worker
9

��"Where there is arbitrary power, there
is no occasion to study the law; when
the law begins to reign, its teachers
and practicers come forth ... "

-David Dudley Field, at the
dedication of the Law School,
September 21, 1859.

Law Study
at
Northwestern
The first law school in its state and region and among the oldest in
the nation, Northwestern enjoys a rich heritage. For more than a century
the School of Law has been dedicated to the education of men for all
branches of endeavor in the law under the highest standards of academic
and professional excellence. This dedication marks the character of the
Law School today.
Long identified with progressive movements in legal education, the
Law School has always sought to prepare students for the broad challenge
of the future. To this end, the program of instruction is designed to
foster an understanding of the principles that guide growth and change
in the law.
Early in its history the Law School adopted a policy of limited
enrollment to promote educational quality. Today Northwestern remains
a law school of medium size, small in comparison with others of national
standing, with approximately 500 students seeking their first degree in
law. A faculty of substantial size permits a close working relationship
between student and teacher, fostering professional training of the highest order and the development of each student's unique capabilities.
11

�". . . these noble buildings, designed for
one of the noblest uses to which any
building can be put-the teaching of law."

-Sir William Searle Holdsworth,
at the dedication of the
Law School buildings, June 16, 1927.

The School
Unlike the physical sciences, legal learning requires no elaborate
apparatus. For the serious student, however, a stimulating and congenial environment contributes to the educational process. Professional
training of the highest order requires more than a comprehensive library and classrooms designed for effective teaching. There must be
places for reflection and concentration. There must be arrangements
conducive to informal interchange of thought and opinion between
student and student and between student and teacher. The atmosphere
should imbue the student of law with an appreciation for the ancient
traditions of the bar and for the professional heritage he will share.

LOCATION OF THE CAMPUSES
The Law School is situated on the shore of Lake Michigan near the
center of Chicago. To the south, along the lake front, lie Grant Park,
a series of yacht basins, recreational facilities, museums of art, science,
and natural history, a planetarium, and an aquarium. To the north extends the Gold Coast, an area of residential apartments separated from
the lake by a continuous series of parks, beaches, golf courses, and boating facilities. Nearby, to the west, is one of the city's centers of art and
entertainment. A half-mile to the southwest is the Loop, the central
business and shopping area of Chicago and the legal and financial center
of the region. Here, convenient for student visits, are located the offices of
federal, state, and municipal government, including trial and appellate
courts of both the state and federal governments, ranging from the local
small claims courts to the United States Court of Appeals.
The Law School constitutes part of the self-contained professional
campus of Northwestern University. Surrounding the Law School are
the separate buildings of the Graduate School of Management and the
Medical and Dental Schools. Also on the campus are Thorne Hall, an
12

�The garden within the
law School Quadrangle,
showing portions of
Robert R. McCormick Hall
and Owen L. Coon Library,
both dedicated in 1960.
Abbott Hall, the student
residence, is at upper left.

auditorium available for major convocations and ceremonies, Abbott
Hall, the eighteen floor student residence for the men and women enrolled in these graduate schools, and hospitals which are members of the
Northwestern University-McGaw Medical Center.
Living and studying on a self-sufficient graduate campus, the law
student remains free from the distractions of undergraduate life. The
original campus of the University, where the main body of about 6,500
undergraduate students and 3,000 graduate students are enrolled, is
twelve miles north in suburban Evanston.
The Evanston campus, available and accessible to Law School students
for cultural activities, athletic events, and interdisciplinary seminars and
contacts, is the focus of the First Plan for the Seventies, the University's
current $180 million program of improvement. The First Plan is the
initial phase of a long-range program to maintain the University as a
major center of teaching, scholarship, and research. The second phase
· will be based on the report of a faculty committee delineating the
University's needs beyond 1971 for both the Evanston and Chicago
.J;
,.
campuses.
The $ 12 ~illion Nortljwestern Univ~rsity Library, key academic
facility of thtf' First Plan, opened in January 1970. Other new facilities
13

�already in use or in process of construction include the Lindheimer
Astronomical Research Center, Rebecca Crown Center, the 0. T . Hogan
Biological Sciences Research Building, and ten acres of new lakefill
which will be the site of the Norris University Center and an $18
million Center for the Fine and Performing Arts.

LAW SCHOOL BUILDINGS
The Law School itself consists of a complex of buildings arranged to
form a quadrangle occupying the block between Chicago Avenue and
Superior Street west of Lake Shore Drive. The original buildings, Levy
Mayer Hall and the Elbert H. Gary Library, were completed in 1926.
Robert R. McCormick Hall and the Owen L. Coon Library were completed in 1960. The quadrangle completely encloses a garden.
In interior design and ornament, the buildings of the School are rich
in the lore of the law. About 2,500 portraits, engravings, etchings, and
photographs, collected by the late Dean John H. Wigmore in the United
States, England, and on the Continent, are hung about the School to
illustrate the men and events of the law throughout history and throughout the world.

14

�CLASSROOMS

The Law School ·contains seven major classrooms. These generous
facilities make it possible to schedule a number of classes at the same
time. Most classes, including all those in the first year, are divided into
sections. As a consequence, the number of students attending a class
seldom exceeds eighty-five and is often much smaller. Such classes, small
by general law school standards, encourage responsible participation by
each student in the probing, analytical discussion that is the mark of
legal education at Northwestern. Lincoln Hall, the largest of the classrooms, was modeled after the British House of Commons in dimensions
and seating arrangement.
In addition to the major classrooms, the School has four seminar
rooms scaled and furnished to provide comfortable and congenial surroundings for smaller study groups. The seminars of the second and
third years meet here, numbering typically from ten to twenty students,
seated informally around a table with one or more faculty members for
a detailed analysis of problem areas lying at the frontiers of legal
development. In such study, the student necessarily bears a large measure
of responsibility for giving direction and substance to the discussion.
For practice and instruction in the arts of advocacy, the School has
a fully equipped modern courtroom. Complete with witness stand, jury
box, counsel tables, and seating for spectators, it accommodates not only
mock appeals but full-scale practice trials.
15

�LIBRARY
The indispensable instruments of the lawyer's calling are books, and
a comprehensive and well arranged library is essential to effective training for the profession. The library with its associated research facilities
is the heart of the Law School.
The Northwestern Law School Library consists of two buildings, integrated physically and administered as a unit, the Elbert H . Gary Library
and the Owen L. Coon Library. In combination, the library occupies a
full side of the Law School quadrangle extending from Chicago Avenue
to Superior Street and includes four floors of working area. The Elbert
H. Gary Library, part of the original Law School buildings, is named
for the donor of the building who also established the Gary Fund, which
provided for the acquisition of substantial parts of the original collection
and also provides in part for the current purchase of books. The Owen
L. Coon Library, built in 1960, is named in recognition of a substantial
gift from the Owen L. Coon Foundation.
With about 290,000 volumes, Northwestern has one of the largest
law school libraries in the Western Hemisphere. More important than
size, however, is the utility of the collection. The main reading room of
the library occupies the highest floor of the building and is divided by
shelved partitions into dozens of secluded but well-lighted alcoves fitted
with large working tables and chairs to provide convenient accommodations close by the books. The arrangement is repeated on the lower
floors, with the addition of a number of individual carrels for sustained
and concentrated research. Included on a lower level are glass-walled
typing areas with individual soundproof carrels open to any student to
type a research paper or to reorganize his course notes.
The library is operated with an open-stack policy to bring readers
and books together without unnecessary formalities. The student is free
to browse and to search at will through the collection, and he may call
upon either the expert full-time staff of sixteen or the eighteen assistants
if he is in need of guidance, aid, or suggestions. The library is open
daily throughout the year and in the evenings as well whenever the
School is in session. To provide for the heavy demands of faculty research, a separate working collection is maintained in the Faculty
Library.
The course of instruction has been designed not only to provide
basic instruction in the use of legal materials but to encourage full use
of the library's large resources and to afford every student extensive
opportunity for independent scholarly research.
The Law School Library collection includes substantially all the reported decisions of the courts of the United States, its separate states and
territories, Great Britain and the Commonwealth, together with their
16

�statutes and session laws and subsidiary publications-digests, encyclopedias, annotated cases, textbooks, periodicals, bibliographies-necessary
to form a complete working collection for every legal system in the
English language. A well selected comprehensive collection of United
States government documents is maintained for the teaching program and
for the use of the legal profession generally. A complete collection of
documents is available at the University Library on the Evanston campus,
which is a designated depository library. This Anglo-American collection
is supplemented by a selection of works in the fields of history, economics,
government, and the other social and behavioral sciences. The library
also receives every current legal periodical of general interest printed in
the English language.
More than one-third of the total collection is made up of works in the
fields of foreign and international law. The comprehensive materials in
foreign law include the codes, treatises, decisions, and journals of all
major European countries and Japan, and good working collections in
Latin-American law. At an early date the library began to build a complete collection in the law of nations, going beyond the domestic laws
of the separate countries to emphasize the rules of law controlling their
relations with each other. This large collection includes the documents
of the international organizations, the international courts, treaty series
and official diplomatic documents, treatises and monographs and periodicals from all parts of the world. The collection permits original and useful work to be carried on in the field of public international law.

Open stacks and ample working space make the library a
comfortable and convenient place in which to study.

�i

-

Holdings in other specialized fields include a comprehensive collection of treatises, periodicals and documents in criminal law and its
administration, and a special collection of materials in aeronautics, including aviation law, commerce, and other works in the field exclusive
of technical engineering publications. In addition, the library includes
outstanding collections of medieval law, jurisprudence, legal history,
comparative law, and valuable resources in Roman law. Especially
notable are the Williams Collection of Legal Instruments dating from
A.D. 1300 to 1700, which comprises more than five hundred original
manuscript instruments executed in connection with landed estates, and
the George W. Shaw Collection of Early European Law, established in
1949 by Joseph L. Shaw (LL.B., 1903).
The Law School Library is independent in administration and organization, but its comprehensive resources are supplemented in specialized
areas through inter-library loans and other cooperative arrangements
with the general University Library, departmental libraries, and the
major public, educational, and legal collections in the region.
A special feature of the library is its distinguished rare book collection, housed in the handsome Hardy Scholars Treasure Room adjoining
the main reading room. These early volumes, numbering some 2,500,
have been acquired through the years and represent a variety of fields.
18

�Many are first editions of the classics of the law, including a number of
manuscripts and incunabula (books printed before 1500). A number
are either unique or the only copies in the Western Hemisphere. The
value of these books is not primarily antiquarian, however. They have
been gathered and selected because they are indispensable for effective
legal research in areas that may be vital both to scholars and practitioners.
Although the reserve facilities of the library have been constructed
with foresight to accommodate an eventual collection twice the size of
the current holdings, provision has also been made for the use of the
materials of legal research of the future. A section of the library is fully
fitted with the basic equipment for use of microfilm and microcards,
designed to replace conventional books and to ameliorate their problems
of bulk and deterioration.
As the practitioner of a learned profession, the lawyer is more than
a craftsman. To encourage a wide-ranging interest among the students,
a section of the main reading room has been set aside for casual reading
in fields of current or general significance. Comfortably furnished, the
browsing area offers current periodicals and a broad selection of biographical and miscellaneous works.

LIBRARY FUNDS
In addition to a general University appropnat10n, the Law School
Library is supported by a number of special endowments.
The major endowment funds for the Library are the Gary Endowment Fund, established in 1925 by Elbert H. Gary (LL.B., 1867), then
Chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, and the Norris E.
Crull Endowment Fund, established in 1966 in memory of Norris E.
Crull (LL.B., 1909).
In 1947, under the auspices of the Law Alumni Association, the John
Henry Wigmore Fund was established. Barnet Hodes (LL.B., 1921)
in 1960 established the Barnet Hodes Fund for the creation and
maintenance of a collection on local government. In 1967, Joseph Rosenberg (LL.B., 1910) and Mrs. Rosenberg established the Judge Hugo
M. Friend Memorial Fund, and the Class of 1965 established the Herbert
Dacks Memorial Fund in memory of their classmate, Herbert Dacks.
The Philip A. Shapiro Endowment Fund was established in 1968 in
memory of Judge Philip A. Shapiro (J.D., 1932) of the Circuit Court of
Cook County, and Walter H. Moses established the Adolph Moses Endowment Fund.
For a number of years Paul Cutler (J.D., 1931) annually has provided
funds to enrich the collection in fields such as biography, history, political
science and literature for the Cutler Browsing Alcove.
19

�In 1969, the Smart Family Foundation made a substantial grant for
the establishment of a collection on urban affairs.
Two gifts to the Law School in 1970 provided for the purchase of
books for the library. A substantial bequest of Louis Manierre established the George Manierre Collection, and a bequest of Cyrus H. Adams
increased the library's endowment fund.
In 1971 the library received a substantial bequest from the late Mrs.
Agnes Millar Wigmore. The income from this fund is to be used for
the purchase of books.

OTHER SCHOOL FACILITIES
Although hours in the classroom and the library predominate both
for students and for faculty, there must be provision for both the informal give-and-take discussion in which the student lawyer hones his
skill in analysis and expression, and for moments of relaxation. Lowden
Hall, named for the first of the School's alumni to serve as governor of
Illinois, is the principal School lounge and is rich with reminders of the
history of law and the Law School. Here coffee and sweet rolls are
available to students and faculty during the morning hours. On the
lower level are lockers, food and beverage dispensers, and two rooms
equipped with tables for a coffee break or light luncheon.
Separate offices are provided for student activities, including the
Junior Bar Association, the Law R eview, the Journal of Criminal Law,
Criminology and Police Science, the Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition, and the JBA Bookstore.
Faculty offices, which open directly onto main corridors for access
without formalities or intermediaries, foster frequent and fruitful informal meetings between student and teacher.
STUDENT RESIDENCE
Living and working together, law students gain advantages that are
significant if not readily apparent. Casual conversation and earnest
discussion contribute to the development of the prospective lawyer's
powers and personality. The stimulation and discipline students give
one another have an impact that is directly evident in the classroom.
The ancient ancestors of modern law schools, the English Inns of
Court, depended solely upon the influences of students' living, eating,
and arguing informally together to produce men of professional qualification. For the student who resides in Abbott Hall, the Law School becomes the center of everyday life. The library and the classrooms are
accessible, the distractions of commuting are avoi-ded, and the student
can concentrate his time and attention on preparing for the practice of
law.
20

�For these reasons, all law students except married students and those
whose homes are within easy commuting distance of the School are encouraged to live in Abbott Hall. It is designed to provide convenient
and attractive living quarters and to provide an atmosphere for development of all those qualities of personality which are so essential to a
lawyer, but which for the most part fall outside the sphere of formal
training. All law students residing in Abbott Hall belong to the Law
Residents' Association. The purpose of this organization is to bring
together the law students living in Abbott Hall and to provide social
activities.
The building, eighteen stories high, overlooks Lake Michigan on
Lake Shore Drive from Huron to Superior Street. It is constructed of
Indiana limestone and conforms in architectural style to the classroom
buildings on the campus. The first two floors and the basement contain common rooms for social and recreational purposes; the upper
sixteen have private accommodations, with a lounge on each of the
upper floors. The first floor contains general offices and a series of shops.
On the second floor are a large student lounge and the dining rooms.
Facilities for handball, squash, weight lifting, exercise, billiards, and
table tennis are available in the basement.
Plan of a typical residential floor
in Abbott H all

Floors are reserved for the students of the School of Law. There is
also space reserved for women law students. Double study-bedrooms are
available. Rooms are equipped with desks, dressers, and beds with innerspring mattresses. All rooms are provided with chairs, draperies, and
lamps. Bed linens are not furnished . Each room has a double closet.
(Trunks are stored in the baggage room in the basement.)
The cost of room and board in Abbott Hall is reasonable and is
below the rates charged for other desirable accommodations in the
same part of the city. The average room rate for the academic year is
$400 for each occupant. Before a room is occupied, a contract for the
academic year is signed by the applicant.
21

�Students eat breakfast, lunch, and dinner cafeteria style in Abbott
Hall's spacious dining rooms overlooking Lake Michigan. Hot and C&lt;?ld
foods are also available in the vending canteen on the second floor.
Students may pay cash for a la carte meals, or they may sign board
contracts. Students who choose the contract plan get I 7 meals per week
and have the privilege of unlimited portions at all meals. The average
daily cost of meals on a cash basis is $3.50. The cost of a school year
board contract is $600.
The Division of Student Finance issues and makes all adjustments on
the residence bills for Abbott Hall. Rental bills are issued for payments
on October 1, January 1, and April 1. Bills are due upon presentation
and are payable at the Cashier's Office in Abbott Hall.
Applications, together with a $50.00 room deposit, should be filed as
early as possible. For room applications, address the Manager, Abbott
Hall, 710 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
Abbott Hall also has a limited number of furnished apartments for
married students. Apartment rentals average $130 a month, including
utilities. Rental apartments also are available in private buildings in the
vicinity of the Law School or within easy commuting distance.
STUDENT HEALTH SERVICE
The Student Health Service for students of the Law School registered
for six or more semester hours is located in the Montgomery Ward
Building, Room 2-009, of the Medical School. Medical services and
hospital insurance available are described in the Student Health Bulletin
each student receives upon registration.
To initiate a student's medical record, a physical examination by a
personal physician before entrance to the University is required.
The Clinic is open daily except Saturdays, Sundays, and holidays
from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p .m. Physicians' hours are posted on the Student
Health bulletin board. In an emergency, a student may report to the
nurse in charge, Room 2-009, during regular clinic hours. Acute illness
occurring outside those hours should be reported to the Emergency Room
at the Passavant Memorial Hospital.

�"[Here the] teaching will . . . give men
what they want to know when they go
out to fight , but . . . it will send them
forth with a pennon as well as with a
sword, to keep before their eyes in the
long b attle the little flutter that means
ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all
the dull d etails."

-Justice Oliver W endell Holmes,
at the dedication of earlier Law School
buildings, October 20, 1902.

The Course
of Instruction
The purpose of the Law School is to prepare its graduates for effective service in all fields of law-to qualify men and women not only for
the private practice of the profession but for careers in government
service, in commerce and finance, and in legal education. The curriculum does not concentrate upon imparting knowledge of the legal rules
applicable in any one jurisdiction or region. Rather, it concentrates
upon the development of the fundamental capacities and skills of the
lawyer.
Human activity is infinitely varied and ever changing. Law, bringing
order and direction to the relations of men, involves a continuous process of growth and adjustment. Every legal problem and each case that
comes to the lawyer is, in a sense, unique. Effective professional education must, therefore, prepare the student to deal with situations never
before encountered, to direct the resources of the law to new fields of
human endeavor, and to handle not the problems of the past but the
cases of the future.
Reflecting this objective, the program of instruction in the Law
School differs markedly from the usual undergraduate instruction. It
requires, of course, diligence and effort for a mastery of the formal materials of the course. Beyond this foundation the instruction demands
thought and initiative of the individual student to extend his learning
beyond the limits of the materials and to stretch his powers of analysis.
As the lawyer must deal with new situations throughout his professional
life, so the student lawyer is taught to transcend rote learning and to
find his way in unfamiliar contexts. The result is an intellectual challenge that is both rewarding and stimulating. The individual student
is spurred to go so far as his mind and industry will carry him.
23

�CLASSES

The law student typically attends classes for fifteen or sixteen hours
a week. Class meetings are scheduled throughout the morning and
afternoon Monday through Friday with time for study between classes.
There are occasional special class meetings on Saturday, although generally that day is available for uninterrupted individual study and research. Two or three times as many hours are devoted to individual
study as are spent in class. Time spent in co-curricular activities and
independent research must be added to the requirements of course work.
The study of law, therefore, is a full-time occupation.
In a typical Law School term, the student's class attendance is distributed among four or five courses. Some of the subjects represent
ancient categories of the law. Course titles such as Criminal Law, £roperty, Contracts, and Torts go back, as separate topics, to the days of Lord
Coke or Blackstone. But life has changed since those early days in the
law, and even these traditional subjects have altered substantially in content. Today in Torts, the focus is on such disparate objects as the automobile and the atom and upon the legal problem each presents to an
energized society. Property law today concerns itself not onl with ancient learning but witl topics such as urban renewal and air. rights.
Criminal Law111ore and more is concerned with psychiatry, with modern

24

�correctional theories, and with protection of the fundamental rights of
the accused. TJie law of Contracts today finds itself dealing with and
adjusting to the subject' matter of tomorrow-plastics, missiles, the building o skyscrapers, and the hiring of research and development skills.
The changing character of law is reflected in the content of traditional courses, altered to keep pace with a changing society. It is reflected,
too, in the newer courses introduced by the Law School into the law
curriculum to deal with emerging areas of legal service. The lawyer is a
full-time student for only one period in his professional life. Within the
limits of the possible, he must be educated in that brief span for the responsibilities of the legal profession, not just for the day, but for the half
century of lawyer's work that lies ahead. Labor Law, Taxation, Administrative Law, and Trade Relations were introduced into the basic
program of the Law School during the formative years of those subjects,
anticipating the current recognition of their significance. Courses and
seminars in International Law, Scientific Evidence, Comparative Law,
and International Business Transactions are typical of other offerings
designed to meet the needs of the profession in the years to come.

FACULTY
The basic instruction in the Law School program is conducted by the
full-time resident faculty, who make teaching their first responsibility.
Each member is experienced in private practice, in responsible government posts, or both. Many are called upon for consultation and advice
by government agencies and private groups and are active in the organizations and affairs of the legal profession and the community. Their
scholarly activities include the delivery of lectures and addresses before
legal and public bodies and the preparation of learned treatises and
articles. Such activities serve to complement and to enrich the instruction. The casebooks and other teaching materials for a majority of the
courses offered in the School were prepared by the faculty members who
teach those courses, and many are widely used, standard works in their
respective fields.

METHODS OF INSTRUCTION

In recognition of the lawyer's function of articulating the conflicting
interests of society, instruction in modern law schools is conducted principally through participation by the class. No longer does the student
lawyer listen passively in a lecture audience. To maximize the opportunity for active participation afforded each student, Northwestern Law
School has adopted a curricular policy emphasizing instruction through
25

�relatively small classes and seminars. First-year courses enrolling l 75
students or more have no place in the Law School program. The entering student will find himself attending classes with a group of approximately half that size. Seminars are limited in enrollment and commonly
range in size from ten to twenty students. Advanced individual work
is conducted under the personal supervision of one or more members
of the faculty.
Instruction of this kind requires a low student-faculty ratio. The
program of the School is based upon the conviction that this concentration of educational resources upon the individual student is the most
effective way to develop the skills that distinguish the legal profession.

The Case Method
he case method of teaching, employed p.rincipallr in the ormal
courses, par:ticularl.y those offered in the first year, ·s ouuded upon the
premise that th first objecti_ve of law training ·s to develop an understanding on the parL 0£ the student of _how and why the courts decide
cases as they do. The method was adopted at the Law School in the
earliest years of its development. The materials of study are the actual
decisions of courts, embodied in written opinions rendered in real and
disputed cases, rather than a textbook compendium of legal rules. The
cases themselves are the specimens of legal controversy to be examined
and dissected. The student is brought to the level of a participant in
the proceeding, analyzing each stage in the course of litigation and each
step in the process of decision. Through painstaking scrutiny of a large
number of cases, the student shares vicariously the experience of the
lawyers and judges who conducted them, and thereby gains an understanding of the judicial process based on observation of the law in action
at first hand.
Although the case method varies in its use with the approach of the
professor, the teaching styles grouped under this heading have certain
characteristic elements in common.
Under the case system it is essential that students prepare thoroughly and intensively before class. The course materials for this preparation
consist of a casebook, a collection of actual decisions in related kinds of
controversy. The student at Northwestern will find that the authors of
many of his casebooks are his own professors, authorities in their respective fields. The class session in a case-taught course typically does not
offer a lecture but rather a discussion of several of these cases, conducted
in the manner of a Socratic dialogue between the teacher and students.
Questions are designed to test the student's understanding of the case,
to identify the considerations that controlled the decision, and to probe
its implications for similar situations and its relation to other decisions.
26

�Although the professor may upon occasion depart from the interrogating role to explain the background of a legal problem or to give
direction to the class discussion, the essence of the case method is the
collective probing and searching in which the student's own powers of
reason and analysis are tempered and developed. The system is in fact
designed to revert to the student, after he has digested and evaluated the
wide range of ideas developed in group discussion, the task of developing
for himself an understanding, first, of what courts and administrative
agencies do and why they do it and, second, of how to participate effectively in the process. From the outset of his law school career the student
is thus led to do what he has to do throughout his professional lifethink, analyze, and decide on his own initiative.

The Problem Method
The problem method, an instructional technique originated at the
Law School and now widely employed throughout legal education, is
used in many second and third-year courses. Here the emphasis is not
27

�upon the cases or administrative decisions as such. The focus of the
student's work and of the class sessio is ra ther a set of facts raising
Legal problems for which there may indeed. be no authoritative solution.
The student's task is to take the available materials in the forms of decisions, statutes, and administrative rulings and to construct or create
his own solution to the problem.
Perhaps the problem is set at the stage where the businessman asks
for advice on a proposed transaction. Perhaps the transaction has already
taken place and the problem concerns the consequences to be attached
to the transaction by the federal or state government by way of taxation
or regulation. In short, the problems are much like those which come to
the lawyer in actual practice, and in fact the problems are frequently
drawn from life. Consultative practice by some members of the faculty
and the generally close relationship between the School and the practicing profession combine to provide the student in a problem-method
course with an experience that closely approximates the practice of law.
Characteristically in a course taught by this method, the student submits before the class session a short memorandum solution to the problem, based on his analysis of relevant source material. In the class session, he or one of his fellow students is invited to explain the legal issues
presented by the problem situation and the views he takes of those issues.
Discussion, often vigorous, follows.

Practice Courses
Practice courses preserve in the Law School the advantages which
accrued to the aspiring attorney in an earlier day when there were no
law schools and a man trained himself for the bar by working in the
office of an established lawyer, observing the practice of law, and learning through trial and error the arts and skills of the profession.
In 1910, Northwestern introduced to legal education the idea of
giving law students actual experience in practice through the medium of
assisting in the provision of legal services to the poor. This idea has
been a part of the curriculum since that time, and is now developed in
the course known as Legal Assistance Clinic. In this course, students
study legal problems of the poor and then serve in the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic under the supervision of faculty members. The
Clinic handles all types of civil cases, and the student is given practical
experience and faculty instruction in consulting with clients, interviewing witnesses, and preparing pleadings and other documents. The student also assists the lawyers in the Clinic in the preparation for and
conduct of trials. The training is similar in many respects to that provided during the internship period in medical education.
28

�During his first year, the student is instructed in the techniques of
oral and written argument in the course in Moot Court. Practicing the
lawyer's skills, he is required to prepare a written brief in compliance
with prevailing professional standards and to argue his case, opposed by
a fellow student under courtroom conditions, before an appellate court
composed of prominent alumni and faculty members. This instruction
is continued on a voluntary basis in the second year in the Julius H.
Miner Moot Court Competition.
In the third year, the student is offered a choice of practice courses in
the trial of a lawsuit from its beginning to end. The instruction provides the student with actual experience in examining witnesses, presenting evidence, arguing to a jury, and the like. The student thus learns by
doing, not merely by precept, what the trial lawyer must be able to do.
Most of the lawyer's practice is carried on in his office, not in the
courtroom. To prepare its graduates for the work of counseling, advising, and planning, the Law School offers a number of courses in which
the student is called upon to draw the legal instruments and documents
which the practicing attorney must be able to prepare.

Seminars
Seminars are offered in the second and third years in a variety of
fields. Here the student is free to select subjects of special interest to
him and to explore new areas of the law. In a group commonly numbering from ten to twenty, with the guidance of a senior faculty member,
the student engages in intensive individual work on some aspect of the
general subject embraced by the seminar. Many seminars cut across traditional disciplinary boundaries and include materials and participants
from such fields as economics, sociology, psychiatry, and political science.
Often the seminar student writes a major paper and presents this product
of his own research and analysis for the critical consideration of the
seminar group.

Legal Writing Skills
Every student is offered the opportunity during his Law School
career to develop his writing skills. In the first year, he is required to
take a course in legal writing and research which provides supervised
experience in written communication with particular reference to the
field of law. In his second and third years, he gains further experience
in supervised writing and may fulfill a requirement for graduation by
one or more of the following:
Editorial work on the Northwestern University Law Review or the
Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science.
29

�Participation in the Senior Research Program.
Enrollment in one of the seminars which place special emphasis on
legal writing.
While most of the seminars emphasize writing, one type has a major
objective of furnishing an intensive writing experience. In these seminars, the student is able to fulfill a graduation requirement by presenting
preliminary and revised drafts which receive careful editorial criticism
prior to his submission of his major paper. Such seminars are indicated
by an asterisk (*) in the Bulletin. Another type of seminar is oriented
to a greater degree towards advanced research and study in an important
substantive field of the law. In this latter type, while submission of a
major paper may be required, submission of preliminary drafts is not.

Senior Research Program
The Senior Research Program in the third year is an innovation in
legal education introduced in 1966-67. Under this program, a student
with faculty approval may elect to devote up to almost half of his third
year to advanced research under the personal supervision of one or more
members of the faculty. During his second year a student interested in
this program may choose a research subject with the assistance and
approval of a faculty member who is interested in the same field, and
who will serve as the student's supervisor. Because of the flexibility of
the curriculum, the student may arrange his schedule to include Law
School courses and seminars which provide necessary background for
the proposed work. In the third year the student meets at least weekly
with his faculty supervisor to discuss the progress of the research. The
final paper or report must be approved by a faculty committee.
The aim is not in itself to make a "specialist" of the student, but
rather to afford him the intellectual experience of exploring a subject
to its depths; of sharpening his powers of analysis, observation, and
communication; and of making a genuine contribution to research.
Depending upon the nature of the subject, projects may require research
in the law library, and may also draw upon other resources, including:
other libraries in the University and the community; other departments
of the University, where course or seminar offerings related to the field
of inquiry may be taken; or the community itself, where field research
may be undertaken. The program also permits, with careful advance
planning and approval, work in other parts of the nation or the world.
For example, several faculty-student teams have engaged in research for
periods of six months in different African nations under this program.
The faculty participants in the program carry a classroom teaching
load which is lighter than normal so that they may devote more time
30

�to the research, discussion, and cnuque necessary to take the inquiry
well beyond the bounds of traditional individual study projects or
seminar work. Indeed, in many cases, work in the program grows into
joint, cooperative student-teacher research approaches, more significant
not only in substance but also in working relationship than anything
heretofore possible in a law school setting. A number of joint books and
articles have been published as a result.
The challenges and rewards promised by the Senior Research Program
are many. As a supplement to older techniques, the individual learning
and teaching offered by the program provide significant further enrichment for students willing and able to meet its demands for initiative,
self-discipline, and hard work. The program is expected to serve, too,
the School's established goal of making increased contributions on the
frontiers of the law.
Most significant of all, perhaps, are the opportunities for student
and teacher to work together in concrete ways toward the common end
of advancing the highest traditions of the law as a learned profession
and as a servant of society.

THE THREE-YEAR CURRICULUM
In the last century, Northwestern, setting the norm in legal education, was among the first of the nation's law schools to require three
years of study for a degree in law. Beginning students enter the Law
School in September and attend the two semesters of the regular academic year for three years.
During his first year of law study, the student follows a course designed to provide an understanding of basic legal principles and concepts
and to give a solid grounding in the fundamentals indispensable for all
branches of the profession. Here the student encounters the grand
divisions of private law-Property, Tort, and Contract-as well as Constitutional Law and Criminal Law. The course in Legal Writing and
Research meets in small groups (ten to fifteen students) in which the
lawyer's basic tools and the first year student's individual problems in
dealing with them are under careful scrutiny.
Each entering student is assigned a senior faculty member as adviser.
This advisory relationship is available in the first year to ease the adjustment to the demands of law study. Thereafter the adviser becomes
guide and mentor as the student plans the work of his last two years.
The wide range of electives offered by the Law School in the second
and third years permits a degree of concentration by the student wishing
it. Moreover, seminars often provide opportunities for further exploration of a field in a new context. For example, criminal procedure may
be treated in a paper written for the Civil Liberties seminar. Perhaps
31

�most significant, however, is the opportunity to sample a wide variety
of problems in the law and to foster new interests thus discovered. For
those courses which have two sections, the School's policy of scheduling
the sections at different times and often in different semesters is intended
to permit the student to select virtually any combination of elective
courses he wishes in his last two years.

THE COMBINED M.M.-J.D. PROGRAM
A student may earn the Master of Management (M.M.) and the Juris
Doctor (J.D.) degrees during a period of four years if he enrolls in both
the Graduate School of Management and the School of Law as a participant in the combined degree program. (Northwestern now offers the
M.M. in place of the Master of Business Administration degree formerly
awarded.)
If earned independently, these degrees would require a total of five
years of study, three years in the School of Law with a minimum of 90
semester hours of work and two years in the Graduate School of Management with 24 course units of work. Under the combined degree program,
the J.D. degree may be earned by taking a minimum of 75 semester
hours in the School of Law, an additional 15 semester hours of credit
toward this degree being given for work completed in the Graduate
School of Management. This 15 hours of credit is given, however, only
to a student enrolled in the program. Similarly, the M.M. may be
earned by taking 18 course units of work, additional credit for 6 course
units being given for work completed in the School of Law.
The recise order in which work is taken may be determine indiv.' clually. A typical program might be a full year of study in one school
and a full year of study in the other, followed by combined study in both
law and management during the third or fourth years. This may be
varied to suit the needs of the individual student. Every art1C1pant
howe er, must complete one' academic year oL study exclusively in each
schoo before enrolling for a_program of courses in oth schools.
An applicant to the combined degree program should apply separately to each of the schools, following procedures prescribed by each
school. To qualify for the combined program, an applicant must be
admitted to both schools. After admission, the applicant must signi£y
which school he wishes to attend first.
A student already enrolled in one school may apply for the combined
program by seeking admission to the other school during his first year
of study in the School of Management or during either his first or second
year of study in the School of Law.
A student in the combined program may be considered for financial
assistance separately by each school for the first year the student is
112

�enrolled in that school and by both schools during the time he is taking
courses in both schools.
JOINT DEGREE PROGRAM IN LAW
AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
Under grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and the
National Science Foundation, Northwestern in 1970 began an integrated
joint degree program leading to both the J.D. and a Ph.D. in one of the
social sciences. For the student to earn both degrees, a minimum of five
years of work is required, including four years of courses, a dissertation
year, and two summers of supervised team research.
The primary objective of this program is to produce scholars who
have the skills necessary to do basic and applied research on legal systems.
To do such research successfully, it is essential for the scholar to be fully
qualified as a professional both in law and in social science. The
graduates of this program will qualify for admission to the Bar and
will be competent to practice law. They will also be fully trained in
both the theory and methods of social science, and will be experienced
in field research on legal systems.
In the initial, experimental phase, the program will admit approximately five carefully selected students per year.
Applicants interested in this program may get further information
by writing to Mrs. Mae Clair, Program in Law and the Social Sciences,
Northwestern University, 357 East Chicago Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60611.
GRADUATION REQUIREMENTS
To be recommended for the degree of Juris Doctor, a student must
complete successfully 90 semester hours of work, including all courses
specified for the first year and at least one of the following:
(a) A Senior Research project.
(b) Participation in the work of the Law Review or the Journal of
Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science.
(c) Participation in a seminar in which the student submits preliminary and revised drafts for criticism by the instructor prior
to submission of his major paper.
Seminars in which preliminary drafts are normally required
are indicated by an asterisk (*). Further, in other seminars, the
student may be permitted to submit preliminary drafts with the
prior consent of the instructor. Students who meet the requirement for graduation elsewhere may enroll in seminars denoted
by an asterisk and, with the consent of the instructor, be excused
from submitting preliminary drafts of their major paper.
33

�Although the Faculty may change the requirements for graduation
at any time, this responsibility is not exercised so as to place an undue
burden upon an enrolled student who has planned his program on the
basis of previously announced requirements.
In addition to these course requirements, instructors may establish
one or more prerequisites for enrollment in particular courses and seminars in the second and third years. Courses listed as concurrent requisites
may be courses taken previously or to be taken concurrently.

COURSE LOAD
Courses totaling 16 credit-hours in any term, in the opm10n of the
faculty, represent the maximum amount of work which a good student
can do effectively under favorable conditions. On the other hand, each
student is expected to register for not less than 14 credit-hours of work
each term.
LIMITED ENROLLMENT
The seminars and the courses in Trial Practice are limited in enrollment. The School cannot assure that all students wishing to enroll in a
particular seminar or Trial Practice can be accommodated.

34

�CURRICULUM
COURSES REQUIRED OF FIRST YEAR STUDENTS
Credit
Hours
First Semester
Contracts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Criminal Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Introduction to the
Legal Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0
Two semesters; 2 hours cred it after
completion of Second Semester.

Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Torts I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
3

Credit
Second Semester
Hours
Constitutional Law . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Legal Profession . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Moot Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Sales and Secured Transactions. . 3
Torts II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3
Elective
One course elected from the following: Criminal Law Administration, In•
ternational Law, Law and Social
Change.

COURSES OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS
Credit
Hours
First Semester
Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Advanced Business
Associations-Partnerships . . . 2
Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Civil Procedure I . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Commercial Paper . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Corporations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Debtor-Creditor Relations . . . . . 3
Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. 3
Environmental Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Family Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Federal Estate and Gift
Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Federal Income Taxation . . . . . . 4
Labor Law ................... 4
Law and Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Legal Assistance Clinic . . . . . . . . 4
Public and Private Control
of Land Use .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Trademarks, Trade Identity,
and Unfair Trade Practices . . 2
Trial Practice ... .. . ......... .
Welfare Litigation . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Credit
Hours
Second Semester
Administrative Law . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Admiralty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Antitrust Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Business Planning . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Civil Procedure II . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Conflict of Laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Criminal Law Administration . . 3
Decedents' Estates and Trusts II 3
Equity, Restitution and
Damages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Federal Estate and Gift
Taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Federal Income Taxation . . . . . 4
Federal Jurisdiction . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Insurance Law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Intellectual Property . . . . . . . . . . 2
International Law . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Labor Law ................... 4
The Law and Racism . . . . . . . . . 2
Law and Social Change . . . . . . . 3
Legal Assistance Clinic . . . . . . . . 4
Real Estate Acquisition
and Disposition . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Scientific Evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Securities Regulation . . . . . . . . . 3
State and Local Government . . . 2
Trial Practice ............... .
35

�SEMINARS OFFERED TO
SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS
All seminars carry 2 credit hours except as indicated. Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills and which
meet graduation requirements are indicated by an asterisk (*).
First Semester

Second Semester

African Law
Antitrust Law and Policy
Civil Liberties*
Computers and the Law
Criminal Appellate Advocacy
Criminal Law-Current Problems*
Economic Development, Political
Modernization and the L aw
Estate Planning
Food and Drug Law
International Business Transactions
Law, Ecology and the Global
Environment
Ordinance Violations Problems
State and Local Taxation
Tax Policy (I hour)

Advanced Problems in
Constitutional Law
Advanced Problems in Securities
R egulation
Comparative Law
Criminal Evidence
Economic Analysis and Public Policy
Estate Planning
Fiduciary Administration*
Jurisprudence *
Law and Criminology*
Law and Psychiatry
Problems in Taxation of Business
Income
Real Estate Development

SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM
Senior Research Program projects can be scheduled for either first or
second semester. Interested students should consult the rules and regulations governing the program in the General Office of the School.

36

�COURSE DESCRIPTIONS
FIRST YEAR COURSES
CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Course (4 hours)
Second Semester

MESSRS. D'AMATo, NATHANSON

The judicial role in constitutional interpretation; procedural fundamentals
of constitutional litigation; distribution of powers within the federa l government and between federal and state governments; introduction to the constitutional guarantees of personal and political freedoms, social privileges, and
property rights. Lockhart, Kamisar and Choper, Constitutional Law (3d ed.)
(Mr. D'Amato); Barrett, Bruton and Honnold, Constitutional Law: Cases and
Niaterials (Mr. Nathanson).
CONTRACTS
MR. BENNETT
First Semester
Course (4 hours)
Study of contract doctrines and their use in the judicial process; an introduction to contract remedies; basic materials on the formation, performance,
and discharge of contracts, including certain aspects of third party beneficiaries,
assignment, impossibility and frustration, conditions and the Statute of Frauds.
Contractual aspects of the law of agency. Attention throughout to the Uniform
Commercial Code. Materials to be announced.
CONTRACTS
Course (4 hours)

First Semester
MR. CHILDRES
An untraditional study of the traditional law of contracts, condensed to four
hours mainly by eliminating problems and cases drawn from periods prior to
this century. The attempt is to study contracts as a process. The following
traditional categories are included: contract remedies; form and formation;
interpretation and construction (including the traditional law of conditions);
performance; breach, repudiation and excuse. Specific attention is also given
to certain aspects of agency, suretyship, third party beneficiaries, assignment,
impossibility and frustration, and the Statute of Frauds. Parts of Article Two
of the Uniform Commercial Code and other contemporary formulations of
contract doctrine (especially Tentative Drafts of R estatement 2nd of the Law
of Contracts) are emphasized throughout. Materials to be announced.

CRIMINAL LAW
First Semester
Course (3 hours)
MESSRS. HEINZ, INBAU
Concepts, sources, classifications, and limitations of the criminal law; specific
crimes, including murder, manslaughter, rape, sexual assault, larceny, embezzlement, false pretenses, and robbery; doctrines of criminal responsibility including the defense of mental impairment; uncompleted criminal conduct and
criminal combinations. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle, Cases and Comments
on Criminal Justice, Vol. I (3d ed.).
37

�INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL PROCESS
Course (1 hour)
First Semester
MESSRS. EovALDI, TODD
An introductory study of the process of trial and appellate litigation designed to assist the student in his understanding of procedural problems encountered in exploring the cases in the basic first-year curriculum. The doctrine
of precedent and problems of statutory construction will also be explored.
Materials to be announced.
LEGAL PROFESSION
Course (1 hour)
Second Semester
MR. SPALDING
An examination of some of the problems confronting the legal profession
and the individual lawyer. Among the problems covered: defining the term
"practice of law" (often described as the "unauthorized practice" problem) ;
providing adequate legal services for all (the poor; the middle-income client;
the unpopular client); rules against solicitation and advertising; restriction on
the kinds of cases a lawyer can take (conflict-of-interest situations, the "guilty
client," the "unjust cause") ; restrictions on the lawyer's tactics in representing
a client; the fiduciary relationship of lawyer to client (fees, investing in a
client's business); problems of professional discipline; the role of the bar as an
institution in improving professional standards and in law reform. Materials to
be an nounced.
MOOT COURT
Course (2 hours)

First and
MESSRS. HEINZ, KAVASS, SPALDING,
Second Semesters
R EDDISH; ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION
Two hours credit awarded upon completion of year-long course. The first
semester's work consists of the writing of several papers, long and short, d esigned
to require the use of the various tools of legal research and to give practice in
the written analysis of legal problems. Frequent meetings in small groups with
an Assistant in Instruction ; individual tutorials with a Teaching Associate;
occasional lectures and meetings of the full class. The second semester's work
consists of moot court cases raising legal issues of current interest, briefed and
argued before the Supreme Court of Northwestern with practicing attorneys
and members of the faculty on the bench. Emphasis on appellate procedure,
brief writing and oral argument.

PROPERTY
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. GORDON, SCHUYLER
Introduction to the law of real and personal property. Historical background; basic property concepts; personal property including bailments; the
creation of possessory interests in fee, fee tail, for life and the legal incidents
of each; landlord and tenant, with emphasis on contemporary problems; creation and incidents of future interests at common law; rule in Shelley's case;
doctrine of worthier title; origin of equitable interests and the foundation of
modern property law. Casner and Leach, Cases and Text on Property (2d
ed.) , and supplementary materials.
38

�SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. GARLAND, GORDON
Performance of the sales contract, prepayment, risk of loss and rights of
creditors and purchasers before delivery of the goods to the buyer; remedies
on breach with emphasis on the remedies of the buyer when the goods are
non-conforming and the right of the seller to retain or retrieve the goods on
the buyer's default; selected problems of the letter of credit and credit card
transaction; secured credit financing of goods used in a business or by consumers, including motor vehicles and fixtures, and of commercial assets, primarily
inventory and receivables; security interest in the proceeds of the collateral and
in after-acquired property; the rules of priority with special reference to the
priorities of the purchase money security interest, the buyer in ordinary course
and the federal tax lien. Extensive attention will be given to the problems @f
the security interest under appropriate sections of the Federal Bankruptcy Act.
Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2d ed.), Uniform Commercial Code, 1962 Official Text and Comments (Mr. Gordon); materials to be announced (Mr. Garland).
TORTS I
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. RAHL, RosENBLUM
Protection of personality, property, and relational interests against physical,
appropriational, and defamatory harms; doctrines of trespass, nuisance, negligence, respondeat superior, conversion, deceit, privacy, slander, libel, seduction,
alienation of affections, malicious prosecution, inducement of breach of contract and unfair competition; liability of physicians, hospitals, landowners,
public service companies, builders, contractors, governmental bodies, manufacturers, dealers, private and common carriers; operation of the judicial process
as it is revealed in the disposition of tort cases. Green, Pedrick, Rahl, Thode,
Hawkins and Smith, Cases on Torts (1968) (Mr. R ahl); materials to be announced (Mr. Rosenblum) .
Continued in the second semester; 6 hours credit for the year.
TORTS II
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. RosENBLUM, SPALDING
See description for Torts I. Materials to be an nounced.

SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS
Seminars placing special emphasis on the development of writing skills and
which meet graduation requirements are indicated by an asterisk (*) .
ACCOUNTING
Course (I hour)
First Semester
MR. BRADY
Principles of accounting and the relationship of law and accounting. Amory
and Hardee, Materials on Accounting (3rd ed.), Faris, Accounting for Lawyers.
39

�ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MR. NATHANSON
A general introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process
in both federal and state governments, including the constitutional framework
within which the administrative agencies operate; the role of administrative
discretion in the deve lopment of public policy; the administrative interpretation of statutes; investigatory and fact-finding processes of administrative agencies; the requ irements of fair hearing as applied to administrative procedure;
and the methods and scope of judicial review of administrative decisions. Jaffe
and Nathanson, Administrative Law: Cases and Materials.
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: THE REGULATION OF BROADCASTING
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MR. BENNETT
An introduction to the legal problems of the administrative process through
an intensive examination of broadcasting regulation by the Federal Communications Commission. Initial licensing, comparative hearings, license renewals,
citizen standing, the fairness doctrine and other aspects of the regulation of
broadcasting will be examined against the background of broader problems of
administrative law: the p lace of administrative discretion, fairness in administrative procedures and the methods and scope of judicial review. The course
may be taken for two hours credit by those who have had a course in Administrative Law prior to the 1971-72 academic year. Materials to be distr ibuted.
ADMIRALTY
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MR. MAcCHESNEY
General principles of admiralty. Jurisdiction, the maritime lien, carriage of
goods, salvage, general average, marine insurance, claims of maritime workers,
collision, and the limitation of liability. Healy and Currie, Cases on Admiralty.
ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS-PARTNERSHIPS
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. SHAPIRO
Analysis of alternative forms of business organizations, with special emphasis
upon formation , operation, and dissolution of partnerships. Use of partnership
in small businesses. Development of the partnership as a sophisticated substitute for the corporate form. Materials to be announced.
ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. GORDON
A study of selected cases in constitutional law awaiting decision by the
Supreme Court in the current term. Preference will be given to the cases concerned with choosing, avoiding, or timing constitutional adjudication; the
problems of federalism in the areas of regulation and taxation ; and limitations
on majority rule in religion, education, and the "quality of life." The object
is a free-wheeling analysis on the concepts and problems in present constitutional litigation. So far as possible, the materials used will be the briefs filed
in the Supreme Court. Each student will be required to submit a written
opinion for analysis and criticism by other members of the seminar.
40

�ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATIO N
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. R UDER
Intensive examination of protections to inves tors offered by the federal
securities laws, particularly S.E.C. Rul e IOb-5. Study of insider trading, management fiduciary duties, tender offers, class and derivative actions, broker-dealer
regulation, damages, and p ri vate right of ac tion theories. Materials to be
an noun ced.
AFRICAN LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. NEKAM
An examination of the legal system of an emerging African state and the
interest this offers to the Western-trained lawyer. Problems of customary law
and its administration, questions of constitutional Jaw and the Jaw of conflicts,
the impact of fore ign concepts and values.
ANTITR UST LAW
First Semester
Course (4 hours)
MRS. NETSCH
Second Semester
MR. RAHL
Federal, state, and foreign comparative Jaw and policy on competition and
monopoly; antitrust Jaw concerning problems of conspiracies in restraint of
trade, mergers, abuse of economic power, patents, boycotts, exclusive arrangements, price discrimination, resale price maintenance, unfair methods of competition, foreign commerce. Bowie, Rostow and Bork, Cases on Government
Regulation of B usiness (1963); R ahl, Cases and Materials on Antitrust Law
(1971 ) (multilithed).
ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. RAHL
Advanced study of antitrust law and policy; selected antitrust problems of
mergers, distribution, boycotts, price discrimination, and other areas; consideration of underlying policy questions and development of facts and legal theories
for particular problems. Prerequisite: course in Antitrust Law or equivalent.
BUSINESS PLANNING
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. SHAPIRO
Advanced problems in corporation finance, includin g corporate distributions, recapitalizations and reorganization. Examination of problems in financing businesses, with corollary reference to securities law and taxation. Prerequisite: Corporations. Herwitz, Business Planning.
CIVIL UBER TIES
Seminar* (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. NATHANSON
Intensive study of selected current problems of freedom of speech, press,
association, and religion; separation of church and state; equality of political,
social, and economic opportunity; and other aspects of the Bill of Rights. Particular attention to briefs and records in pending and recent cases. Reference
to comparable problems in other democratic societies.
41

�CIVIL PROCEDURE I
First Semester
MESSRS. REESE, WALTZ
Course (4 hours)
Structure and organization of the federal and state judicial systems; jurisdiction over the person and subject matter; process and pleadings; parties; joinder
of actions; pre-trial motion practice; inspection and discovery; division of function between judge and jury; summary judgment; judgments and their enforcement; res judicata and collateral estoppel; appellate review. Reese, Cases on
Civil Procedure (mimeographed), Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the
United States District Courts (Mr. Reese); Louisell and Hazard, Cases on
Pleading and Procedure, and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure for the United
States District Courts (Mr. Waltz).
CIVIL PROCEDURE II
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
See course description ·for Civil Procedure I.

MR. REESE

COMMERCIAL PAPER
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. CHAMBERLIN, GORDON
The law of the money substitutes and credit devices (negotiable instruments), particularly checks and drafts used to pay the price of goods and services; the concept of negotiability: its history and importance in the distribution
and credit systems; the commanding rights of the holder in due course; moderating effect of the formal requisites of negotiability, negotiation, transfer, holding and holding in due course; rights and liabilities of the parties, and of banks
and others dealing with negotiable instruments in a variety of recurring situations; allocation of losses among the parties or their insurers resulting from
forgeries, alterations and other frauds; selected problems in the check collection
process. Farnsworth and Honnold, Commercial Law, Cases and Materials (2d
ed.) ; Uniform Commercial Code, 1962 Official Text and Comment.
COMPARATIVE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. KAVASS
A comparative study of civil law and common law, commencing with a short
introductory survey of the fundamental principles of civil law including its
sources, techniques and developments; a detailed comparative examination of
civil law and common law treatment of selected topics in commercial law,
corporation law, and conflict of laws. Emphasis on issues pertinent to international trade. Seminar concludes with an evaluation of the civil law influence
in the development of American law.
COMPUTERS AND THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. ROBERTS, SPROWL
The role of computers in the practice of law and in litigation; legal problems
encountered in computer installation and utilization, and in the computeroriented society; the procedural and substantive impact of computer technology
upon the law; computerized legal research and law retrieval; and an introduction to computer programming, with emphasis upon legal text manipulation.

42

�CONFLICT OF LAWS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MR. MAcCHESNEY
Second Semester
MR. NEKAM
A survey of the field. Enforcement of judgments; limitations on the exercise of jurisdiction; full faith and credit; constitutional control of choice of
law; theories and practice in choice of law. Brief review of jurisdiction of
courts. Recommended for third year students. Cramton and Currie, Confiict
of Laws (Mr. MacChesney) ; Cheatham, Griswald, Reese, and Rosenberg, Cases
on Conflict of Laws (Mr. Nekam) .
CONSUMER PROTECTION, CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY
Seminar (2 hours)
NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72
An examination of the legal, economic, historical and social setting for the
sales of consumer goods on credit with particular emphasis on the legal problems of poor persons. The course examines the installment credit sale process,
legislative and judicial responses to loans and credit sales, and efforts to protect the consumer in various stages of the selling and collection process.
CORPORA TIO NS
Course (4 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. GOLDMAN, RUDER
A study of the common law, statutory (state and federal) and administrative framework for the operation of the modern corporation. Consideration
will be given to problems of organization, distribution of power, fiduciary relationships, issuance and transfer of securities, the common and distinctive characteristics of various types of securities, corporate distributions, organic changt.
and remedial procedures. The growing impact of federal regulation and the
expanding role of the Securities and Exchange Commission will be emphasized.
Cary, Cases and Materials on Corporations.
CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. HADDAD
A study of the briefing and arguing of criminal appeals, with an examination of other state and federal post-conviction remedies. Mimeographed materials.
CRIMINAL EVIDENCE
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. BRONNER
An examination of the trial processes of a criminal case. The seminar will
focus on analyses of investigatory reports, the preparation of witnesses, the
selection of a jury, direct and cross-examination, preparation and argument of
motion and preliminary hearings, the presentation of expert testimony and
arguments to the court and jury. Mimeographed materials.
CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. HADDAD, INBAU
A survey of the criminal process from arrest through collateral attacks upon
convictions, emphasizing prevailing practices and limitations of both a constitutional and a non-constitutional dimension. Inbau, Thompson, and Sowle,
Cases and Comments on Criminal Just ice, Vol. II (3d. ed.)
43

�CRIMINAL LAW-CURRENT PROBLEMS
Seminar* (2 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. HADDAD, lNBAU
A consideration, in depth, of selected current problems in the administration of criminal justice.
DEBTOR-CREDITOR RELATIONS
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MR. EOVALDI
A survey of the rights and duties of debtors and non-secured creditors in
such common law and statutory proceedings as attachment, garnishment, wage
deduction, supplementary proceedings, executions against persons and property,
general assignments, compositions, proceedings to set aside fraudulent conveyances; outline of the Federal Bankruptcy Act with particular attention to the
provisions covering liquidation ; a comparison of the relative availability and
utility of alternative procedures judged from the standpoint of debtors, creditors,
and the general public. Special attention will be given to the impact upon
low-income persons of the various collection devices available to creditors and
the effectiveness of present and proposed laws designed to protect debtors. Materials to be announced.
DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS I
First Semester
MESSRS. RITCHIE, WAGGONER
Course (3 hours)
Intestate succession; limits on testamentary power; execution and revocation
of wills; will contests; admissibility of evidence extrinsic to a will or deed;
contracts to make wills; will substitutes, including insurance, joint tenancy, and
revocable living trusts; purposes of trusts; spendthrift provisions; termination
of trusts; insurance trusts. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on
Decedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.) (Mr. Ritchie) ; materials to be announced
(Mr. Waggoner).
DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. Sc1-1UYLER, WAGGONER
Charitable gifts; future interests, including powers of appointment and the
rule against perpetuities; introduction to fiduciary administration. Prerequisite:
Decedents' Estates and Trusts I. Ritchie, Alford and Effland, Cases and Materials on D ecedents' Estates and Trusts (4th ed.) (Mr. Schuyler) ; materials to
be announced (Mr. Waggoner).
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. DE SCHWEINITZ
Economic and legal aspects of the policies industrial societies use to influence
the growth and stability of income, the concentration of economic power, and
the external balance of payments. Materials to be announced.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, POLITICAL
MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. DE ScttWEINITZ
The economics of development and the economic and political problems
confronting developing societies. The role of law and legal institutions in fa.
cilitating economic growth and in establishing the legitimacy of the political
order. Materials to be announced.
44

�ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MR. D'AMATO
A methodology and systems framework for assessing legal impact upon
decisions affecting the environment. Problem areas include depletion of
resources, pollution, pesticides, radiation and power generation, overpopulation,
technology assessment, and the values of science in the restructuring of societal
decision-making. Emphasis upon the dialogue between science and law in
environmental litigation. Mimeographed materials.
EQUITY, RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES
Second Semester
MR. CHILDRES
Course (3 hours)
A functional study of the law of form and measure of relief, emphasizing
the extent of protection afforded property, personal and business interests. The
law of restitution both legal and equitable, the other equitable remedies and
the law of damages. The attempt is to construct a rational rule structure for
these areas, one which is both consistent with most of the cases and responsive
to the problems of the day. Childres, Equity, Restitution and Damages, Cases
and Materials.
ESTATE PLANNING
MR. KIRBY
First Semester
Seminar (2 hours)
MR. WAGGONER
Second Semester
A consideration of alternative property arrangements for family security and
other purposes in the light of the principles from the fields of decedents' estates
and trusts, corporations, future interests, insurance, real estate transactions, and
income, estate, and gift taxation. Practical problems in estate planning provide
exercises in drafting and the basic material for group discussion. Prerequisites:
Federal Estate and Gift Taxation and Federal Income Taxation.
EVIDENCE
Course (3 hours)

First Semester
MR. GARLAND
MR. WALTZ
Second Semester
The tests and concepts of relevance; the hearsay rule and its exceptions;
competency and examination of witnesses; admission and exclusion of evidence;
demonstrative evidence; writings; presumptions and privileges. Louisell, Kaplan, and \,Valtz, Cases and Mat erials on Evidence.

FAMILY LAW
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MR. NEKAM
The law pertaining to the formation and dissolution of domestic relations,
including the law of marriage, annulment, separation and divorce, alimony,
custody and support of children. Paulsen, Wadlington and Goebel, Cases and
Other Materials on Domestic R elations (1970).
FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION
First Semester
Course (2 hours)
MR. KIRBY
Second Semester
MR. O'BYRNE
An introduction to the statute law of federal taxation. This course, which
deals with the impact of the federal estate and gift taxes on various types of
45

�property transfers during life and at death, should ordinarily be taken before
the course in Federal Income Taxation and the seminar in Estate Planning.
Pedrick and Kirby, Problems and Materials in Federal Estate and Gift Taxation
(mimeographed) .
FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION
First Semester
Course (4 hours)
MR. O'BYRNE
Second Semester
MR. KIRBY
The federal income taxation of individuals, trusts, estates, partnerships and
corporations; the impact of income taxation on fami ly property arrangements
and common business transactions; the administrative and judicial processes in
resolving income tax controversies. The course is ordinarily taken in the junior
year, especially if the student plans to enroll in tax, estate plann-ing or business
oriented seminars, or senior research in his senior year. Materials to be announced.
FEDERAL JURISDICTION
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. REESE
History of the federal judicial system; structure and business of the federal
courts; nature of the federal judicial function; diversity of citizenship; federal
questions; jurisdictional amount; removal jurisdiction; venue; law applicable
in federal courts; jurisdiction to enjoin proceedings in state courts; jurisdiction
of courts of appeals and Supreme Court. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and II.
Hart and Wechsler, The Federal Courts ancl the Federal System; The Judicial
Code and Rules of Procedure in the Federal Courts.
FIDUCIARY ADMINISTRATION
Seminar* (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. O'BYRNE
Advanced study of the administration of decedents' estates and trusts. Prerequisite: Decedents' Estates and Trusts.
FOOD AND DRUG LAW
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. BURDITT, THOMPSON
A survey of the content of federal and state food, drug, and cosmetic laws,
with emphasis on the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and the legal and
practical problems associated with their application and administration. Christopher, Cases and Materials on Food and Drug Law.
GOVERNMENT AND LAND
Seminar* (2 hours)
NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72
Problems of public policy relating to the use of land resources; techniques
of public control, the nuisance doctrine, eminent domain, zoning, subdivision
control, building codes, city planning; state and federal programs of public
housing; the role of government in the real estate market, FHA, regulation of
private credit institutions.
INSURANCE LAW
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. CHAMBERLIN
Basics of insurance law including the principles of indemnity, insurable interest, and subrogation; the formation and construction of contracts for various
46

�types of insurance (the solicitation and sale of insurance, authority of brokers
and agents, the effect of binders and binding receipts) ; the risk transferred
from insured to insurer and the definition and control of such risk (coverage
provisions, representation, warranties, the doctrine of concealment, etc.); recovery by insured notwithstanding contract terms (waivers, estoppels, reformation of contract, etc.); settlement of claims; and governmental regulation and
sponsorship of insurance. Materials to be announced.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester

MESSRS. LUNGMUS, TILTON

Survey of the law of intellectual property, covering principally the fundamentals of patent and copyright protection, but also including trade secrets,
know-how, confidential disclosures, and typical agreements for the disclosure,
license, or assignment of intellectual property. Mimeographed materials.
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS TRANSACTIONS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. SHAPIRO
Emphasis on diagnosis of legal problems of doing business abroad, including
export sales; U.S. export controls; agency and distribution agreements; industrial
property protection and licensing; joint ventures; corporate organization; exchange controls; tax planning, including use of tax havens and incentives.
Assigned reading and special materials.
INTERNATIONAL LAW
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MR. MAcCHESNEY
An introduction to international law. Bases of jurisdiction in the international community; resolution of conflicts of legal systems; hattfre•la'nd sources
of international law; membership; standards for international trade and investment; international and regional courts and organizations; control of the use
of force in international disputes. Materials to be announced.
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Seminar* (2 hours)
NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72
A seminar concentrating on the international, constitutional, and administrative law problems of the United Nations and the various specialized agencies
constituting the United Nations family. Particular attention is directed to the
techniques and experiments in conflict, resolution, and peace-keeping, to the
emerging legal and institutional problems of cooperative economic development
on a worldwide scale, and to the protection of human rights by various international organizations. Prerequisite: International Law. Materials to be
announced.
JURISPRUDENCE
Seminar* (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. NEKAM
Problems connected with the nature of the law, its purpose, its origin and
development. Legal values; the idea of justice; natural law; sanctions . .,

47

�LABOR LAW
Course (4 hours)
First and Second Semesters
MR. HILL21IAN
A survey of the development and operation of the legal framework for the
establishment of the terms and conditions of employment. The modern labor
union will be variously viewed as a concentration of economic and political
power, as a participant in the managerial process, and as a quasi-public institution as regards its relationships with its members and the general economy.
The roles and limitations of legislative, administrative and judicial power in
the collective bargaining process and in the resolution of industrial conflict
will be examined. Materials to be announced.
LABOR LAW
Seminar* (2 hours)
NoT OFFERED 1 1971-72
Selected issues in the formation and administration of public labor policy
and in the collective bargaining process. Prerequisite : Labor Law course.
Mimeographed materials.
LAW AND CRIMINOLOGY
Seminar* (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. HEINZ
Consideration of the determinants of society's action in labeling something
"criminal," and the common characteristics of the things so labeled; survey of
theories about why people commit crimes and what will deter them from it;
and an attempt to discover the constituency of the criminal law-i.e. whose
values the criminal Jaw expresses.
LAW AND PO VER TY
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. EOVALDI
An examination of the special relationship between law and the status of
poverty. One primary focus will be upon those private law problems having
a special impact upon poor persons. Examples include problems faced by the
poor as litigants and as consumers of real and personal property including the
use of installment credit. Another focus of the course will be upon legislative
attempts to alleviate the condition of poverty. Finally, the course will focus
on methods of legal redress for discrimination against the poor in the formulation or administration of governmental programs ostensibly having no special
relation to poverty. Examples include the provision of municipal services.
Materials to be announced.
LAW AND PSYCHIATRY
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. BRACKETT, SCHNEIDER
An examination of the assumptions, purposes and practices of the legal and
psychiatric disciplines as they converge upon problems of mental illness in the
civil and criminal Jaw. Materials to be announced.
THE LAW AND RACISM
Course (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. TODD
An examination of the legal foundations of some of the major issues arising
out of the relationship between races in the United States; identification and
48

�discussion of unresolved current and future issues affecting minority racial
groups. Emerson, Haber, and Dorsen, Political and Civil Rights in the United
States, Vol. II (student ed.); Report of the National Advisory Commission on
Civil Disorders; supplemental materials.
LAW AND SOCIAL CHANGE
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. HEINZ, RosENBLUM
An examination of the relationships between the legal and social orders
with emphasis on the law as a process and on the way in which law both
responds to and helps bring out social, economic and political change. Certain
concrete problems which presently challenge the legal order are considered,
attention being given to the resources law possesses in facing these problems
as well as to an understanding of law's limitations. Materials to be announced.
LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE I
Course (3 hours)
First Semester
MESSRS. HEINZ, ROSENBLUM
Open only to fellows of the J.D.-Ph.D. Joint Degree Program.
LAW AND SOCIAL SCIENCE II
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MESSRS. HEINZ, ROSENBLUM
Open only to fellows of the J.D.-Ph.D. Joint Degree Program.
LAW, ECOLOGY, AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. D'AMATO
A study of legal and environmental variables in a global system perspective.
Demographic trends; transnational effects of air, water, and radioactive pollution; international legal cooperative efforts on the atmospheric and oceanic
ecosystems. Limited enrollment, with preference to students who have taken
International Law.
THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET
Seminar (2 hours)
NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72
A study of international transactions in the context of the Common Market
Treaty. Term paper required. Stein and Hay, Cases and Materials on the Law
and Institutions of the Atlantic Area.

·1

LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC
Course (4 hours)
First and Second Semesters MESSRS. KENOE, LASER, Tooo
Twelve hours of work per week during each semester in the Northwestern
Legal Assistance Clinic Program, working on cases for indigent clients under
the supervision of a staff attorney. Classroo·m work varies from two to four
hours per week as part of the required twelve hours. Training in counseling,
interviewing, litigation problems and techniques, and substantive and procedural Jaw in fields particularly affecting the poor. Classroom time will also
be devoted to discussion of legal problems and jurisprudential issues generated
by the students in their work. Most of the students will be certified under Rule
711 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of Illinois which authorizes, under certain circumstances, third year law students to practice in the courts of the State.
OpeR only to students who have completed the second year of law school and
who have completed one semester of satisfactory work in the Legal Clinic
49

�(unless special permission is obtained from the Legal Clinic director). Students
may enroll for either semester or for both semesters. Enrollment may be limited
by the instructors. Materials to be announced.
LEGAL HISTORY
Course (2 hours)
NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72
A study of the forms of action and equitable remedies used to recover land.
The various medieval forms of trial with particular reference to the rise, exten•
sion, and transformation of trial by jury. Consideration is given to the various
sources of law and legal change, such as custom, precedent, and legislation, and
to the effect of changing social and economic conditions on the development
of the law. Mimeographed materials.
ORDINANCE VIOLA TIO NS PROBLEMS
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. ASPEN
An examination of the criminal and civil aspects of ordinance violation trial
procedure, with emphasis on the trial of the indigent defendant and his punishment if guilty. The class will participate in the drafting of a set of model rules.
Mimeographed materials.
PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. KIRBY
An advanced study of the federal income tax on business organizations, corporations, and partnerships. An exploration at both the corporate and shareholder levels of the tax treatment of corporate reorganization, distributions,
liquidation, and mergers. The taxation of other forms of doing business contrasted therewith. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation.
PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE
First Semester
MR. SPALDING
Course (3 hours)
A survey of the devices available both in private and in public law to control
the use of land. On the private law side, both consensual arrangements (easements, profits, covenants, and the like) and tort devices (nuisance and trespass)
are considered. On the public law side, emphasis is upon zoning, subdivision
control, and pollution control schemes. These various approaches to control
are considered functionally-that is, as they bear upon related factual situations
-rather than doctrinally. Mimeographed materials.
REAL ESTA TE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MR. GOLDMAN
An analysis of the basic elements of land acquisition and transfer-the real
estate sales contract, deeds, recording and registration of land titles, abstracts
of title and title insurance; an examination of several facets of land development financing including federal programs and secured lending devices; an
exploration of additional selected legal problems such as cooperative and condominium developments and consumer protection. Materials to be announced.
REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT
Seminar (2 hours)
Second Semester
MR. GOLDMAN
Analysis of selected legal and business problems involved in acquisition
50

�of land, construction and permanent financing, development, and disposition
(sale, exchange, and syndication) of a planned unit development. Materials to
be announced.
REGULATED INDUSTRIES
Seminar" (2 hours)
NoT OFFERED IN 1971-72
A consideration of selected problems relating to the economic regulation
of several industries subject to varying degrees of administrative control as
"regulated monopolies" (e.g. rail, other surface and air transportation, broadcasting, telecommunications, natural gas, electric power and banking) ; the
public policy goals of regulation; the effectiveness of the administrative process
in furthering and balancing these goals; and the extent to which the roles of
competition and antitrust regulation remain relevant and operative in these
fields. Prerequisite or concurrent registration in Administrative Law, Antitrust
Law and Corporations. Mimeographed materials.
SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
Course (1 hour)
Second Semester
MR. INBAU
The technical and legal aspects of scientific aids in the trial of civil and
criminal cases. Scientific experts participate as guest lecturers.
SECURITIES REGULATION
Course (3 hours)
Second Semester
MR. RUDER
Intensive examination of the securities law fie ld, including state and federal
regulation. Registration and reporting requirements for corporations, brokerdealer and stock exchange regulation, regulation of mutual funds and other
investment companies, civil liabilities for violation of securities laws, and the
role of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Jennings and Marsh, Securities Regulation; additional materials to be announced.
SELECTED PROBLEMS IN THE LAW OF CONFLICTS
Seminar (2 hours)
NOT OFFERED IN 1971-72
The choice-of-law-process in perspective: the development within the field
of contracts; the impact of federal law; the influence of theories and fashions
in rationalization.
STA TE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Second Semester
MR. KERNER, MRS. NETSCH
Course (2 hours)
Selected topics from the field of state and local government with special
emphasis on intergovernmental issues and on problems of metropolitan areas
and with frequent inquiry into the appropriate role of the judiciary in solving
intergovernmental conflicts. Mandelker, Managing Our Urban Environment;
supplemental materials.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXATION
Seminar (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. O'BYRNE
Study of the constitutional, procedural, and administrative problems of state
and local property taxes, business taxes, sales and use taxes, income taxes, and
death taxes. Hellerstein, State and Local Taxation (3d ed.).
51

�TAX POLICY
Seminar (l hour)
First Semester
MR. KIRBY
An advanced seminar in federal taxation to provide introduction to an area
of importance to those interested in the government policies underlying the
federal tax structure. A critical examination and analysis of selected phases of
the federal income, estate and gift tax statutes, with emphasis upon their
growth and development, their administration and resulting effects upon the
economy, their need for reform and the possible future legislative revision.
Restricted enrollment. Prerequisite: Federal Income Taxation.
TRADEMARKS, TRADE IDENTITY, AND
UNFAIR TRADE PRACTICES
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. PATIISHALL
The principles of the common and statutory law protecting the means for
identifying the source and sponsorship of goods and services, the federal and
state trademark statutes, federal adversary and other proceedings respecting
trademark registration. Deceptive advertising and labeling, commercial disparagement, and regulation of unfair trade practices by the Federal Trade Commission and others. Cases and NI.aterials on Trad emarks, Trade Identity and
Unfair Trade Practices (mimeographed).
TRIAL PRACTICE
Course (1 hour)
First and Second Semesters
MR. HANLEY
An introduction to litigation in which the student prepares, pleads, and tries ·
a relatively uncomplica ted civil action. The witness interview, the preparation
of pleadings, discovery steps, the selection of a jury, the opening statement,
direct and cross examination of lay and expert witnesses, and the closing argument. A complete mock trial presided over by a judge of the Circuit Court of
Cook County to take the place of a final examination. Prerequisites: Civil
Procedure I and Evidence.
TRIAL PRACTICE
Course (I hour)
First Semester
:MR. WALTZ
Selected problems in litigation , both civil and criminal. Special attention
on a practical level to motion practice, deposition-taking and other discovery
devices, jury selection, introduction of evidence, expert testimony, direct and
cross-examination and impeachment of witnesses, opening statements, and closing arguments. Limited enrollment. Prerequisites: Civil Procedure I and Evidence. Davis, Painting the Picture.
WELFARE LITIGATION
Course (2 hours)
First Semester
MR. BENNETT
An examination of the rapidly developing law defining the rights and responsibilities of welfare recipients and problems of litigation, particularly federal
jurisdictional problems, encountered in vindicating the rights of recipients. Proposals for reform of the welfare system and the extent to which these may alter
the substantive and procedural problems will also be examined against the
background of the present law. Prerequisite: Civil Procedure I and II or
equivalent. Materials to be a nnounced.

52

�ACADEMIC REGULATIONS
Programs for the second and third year must have the written approval of the student's assigned faculty adviser. In their second year, students may register for no more than one seminar in any semester. Third
year students may register in any semester for no more than two seminars
requiring the writing of substantial papers.
Regular attendance is required in all courses. No student should
enroll in any course without the intention and capability of satisfying
this requirement. Failure to attend regularly may cause reduction in
grades, loss of credit for courses, additional remedial work, denial of
residence credit, or other appropriate sanctions at the discretion of the
instructor or the Dean.
EXAMINATIONS
Regular examinations are given in all formal courses. In accordance
with the prevailing practice in legal education, a single final examination is usually given, without periodic or mid-term tests, to permit comprehensive treatment of the subject matter and to measure the student's
capacity to work with and master a substantial body of material. Although examinations provide the most important source for determining
the student's relative achievement, consideration may also be given to
the written work done in connection with a course and to the preparation of assignments for recitation as reflected in classroom discussion. In
seminar courses, no examinations are ordinarily given. Grades are based
upon the products of individual research and participation in the seminar discussions.
Students who are eligible but who for good reason are unable to
take an examination may, with the permission of the Dean, take the
next regularly scheduled examination in the course, take the examination late, or in unusual cases be given a special examination.
HONORS AND PRIZES

In 1907 the Order of the Coif was founded at Northwestern, and it
has since become the recognized national honor society in legal education with chapters, numbering more than forty-five, established in most
of the leading law schools. The tradition of recognizing scholarly excellence, thus begun in the School, is reflected today in the long list of
awards and prizes in recognition of superior accomplishment.
THE ORDER OF THE COIF, NORTHWESTERN CHAPTER
The Northwestern chapter of the Order of the Coif annually elects from
the senior class a number of persons, not exceeding IO percent of the
class, who on the basis of scholarship and character are deemed worthy
of the honor.
53

�THE NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW
Selection
of the student members of the Board of Editors of the Northwestern
University Law Review is based upon scholastic standing and competitive writing. Membership on the board is one of the highest honors a
student can attain in the School of Law.
THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW, CRIMINOLOGY AND
POLICE SCIENCE
The student Board of the Journal of Criminal
Law, like the Board of the Law Review, is selected upon the basis of
scholastic standing and competitive writing for publication in the
Journal . Election to the Journal board is a significant academic honor.
WIGMORE KEY
Established in 1949-1950, the award is made by
the Junior Bar Association to the member of the senior class who has
done most for the School toward preserving its traditions. Selection is
made by the graduating class and the faculty .
THE LOWDEN-WIGMORE PRIZES
The income from a fund
established by the late Frank 0 . Lowden, Class of 1887, is used annually
to provide prizes totaling approximately $400. In accordance with the
wishes of the donor, the prizes are awarded on the basis of competitions
designed to test the ability to marshal authorities, to present arguments
effectively in written form, and to speak lucidly and convincingly in
public.
BARNET AND SCOTT HODES PRIZE
The income from a fund
of $15,000 established by Barnet Hodes, Class of 1921, is used annually
to provide two prizes for papers prepared by students dealing with the
Law of Local Government. The first prize of approximately $400, a
certificate, and a key, is awarded to the student who has prepared the
best paper on this subject. The second prize is awarded for the second
best paper. It consists of approximately $200, a certificate, and a key.
THE HYDE PRIZE
The income from a fund of $1,800, the gift of
Professor Charles Cheney Hyde, is awarded not more often than once in
two years, under such conditions as the faculty may impose, for the best
paper written by a student in the School of Law on some subject relating to international law.
MOOT COURT PLAQUE
To recognize excellence in the skills of
brief writing and oral argument, the January 1962 Graduating Class
h as provided a plaque on which is engraved each year the names of
the members of the winning team in the Julius H. Miner Moot Court
Competition. The plaque is on display in the Law School.
54

�AMERICAN JURISPRUDENCE A WARDS
The publishers of
American Jurisprudence give a volume of that publication covering a
particular subject as a prize to the student making the highest grade in
that subject. These prizes are awarded semi-annually.
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE COUNSEL
JOURNAL AWARD
A plaque and a year's complimentary subscription to the Insuran ce Counsel Journal is awarded annually to the
student receiving the highest grade in the course in Insurance.
PRENTICE-HALL TAXATION AWARD
Each year Prentice-Hall,
Inc. awards a three-volume Federal Tax Guide to the student(s) attaining the highest grade in each of the Federal Taxation courses.
INSTITUTE OF CONTINUING LEGAL EDUCATION OF THE
ILLINOIS BAR PRIZES
A choice of one of the Institute's most
recent and most comprehensive handbooks is awarded to the outstanding
student in each of the three sections of Trial Practice. A $25 certificate
to be used at any Institute course is awarded to each of two students
selected from those who participate in the National Moot Court Competition.

55

�DEGREES
Degrees are conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students
who are recommended by the faculty of the School of Law. Before a
student is recommended for a degree, he must have satisfied the faculty
as to his character, and he must have complied with the requirements
for the degree for which he is a candidate.
The first degree in law awarded by the University is the Juris Doctor Q.D.). It is conferred upon students who have satisfactorily completed courses carrying 90 semester-hours of credit in the School of
Law, including the required courses described on page 33. The work
must be pursued during a residence period of three academic years or
the equivalent. T he last year must be in residence at Northwestern
University School of Law, and in the case of students transferring from
another law school, a minimum of· 30 semester-hours of credit must be
earned at Northwestern.
When the faculty believes that the candidate's record of scholarship
merits special recognition, the degree may be awarded cum laude, rnagna
cum laude, or summa cum laude.
Degrees conferred upon students who have already obtained their
first degrees in law are described in the information concerning Graduate Study in Law.
56

�SUPPLEMENTAL PROGRAMS
In the total educational program of the Law School, the formal course work
within the curriculum is supplemented by a variety of additional offerings.
Lectures by distinguished scholars, jurists, and statesmen from the United States
and abroad serve as cultural adjuncts to the regular courses and emphasize the
broader public obligations of the profession. In recognition of the Law School's
role in the life of the profession, the community, and the nation, conferences
are held which bring together leaders of thought and action for discussion of
subjects of major public importance. Through participation in these programs,
the student broadens his vision and develops the sense of public responsibility
which characterizes the highest traditions of the bar.
Many of these curricular supplements are presented by the Law School as
an integral part of the general educational program upon an occasional basis
and without special sponsorship. Others are offered as part of established and
continuing programs within the School. The most notable of these continuing
programs are described below.

THE ROSENTHAL LECTURES
The Julius Rosenthal Foundation, administered by the Law School, was
established in 1919 in memory of the eminent and beloved member of the
Chicago Bar. The funds are devoted to the support of the Rosenthal Lecture
Series, which has assumed a position in the forefront among programs of distinguished lectures in the legal world. Preeminent figures in law and related
fields have delivered the annual lectures, and their publication in book form
has made notable, permanent contributions to legal literature and scholarship.
The following scholars have given lectures at the School under the auspices
of the Foundation:
In 1927, Sir William Searle Holdsworth, Vinerian Professor of Law in Oxford University. These lectures were published under the title Some Lessons
from Our Legal History by Macmillan.
In 1928, Antonio Sanchez de Bustamante of the University of Havana, member of the Permanent Court of International Justice.
In 1929, John C. H. Wu, formerly Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals at
Shanghai and member of the Law Codificat ion Commission of China. These
lectures were published under the title "The Legal Systems of O ld and New
China, a Comparison" in The Art of Law and Other Essays Juridical and Literary by the Commercial Press.
In 1931, Jean Escarra of the Faculty of Law of the University of Paris.
In 1934, Charles Warren, author of "The Supreme Court in United States
History" and numerous other historical works. These lectures were published
under the title Bankruptcy in United States Histo ry by Harvard University
Press.
In 1936, Walton Hale Hamilton, Professor of Law at Yale University.
In 1937, Henry T. Lummus, Associate Justice, Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts. These lectures were published under the title The Trial Judge
by the Foundation Press, Inc.

57

�In 1940, Lon L. Fuller, Professor of Law at Harvard University. These lectures were published under the title The Law in Quest of Itself by the Foundation Press, Inc.
In 1946-47, a series of monthly lectures covering the evolution, structure,
operation, and philosophy of the United Nations was given by a group of
learned and distinguished men who have been intimately associated with the
establishment and development of the United Nations. The lectures were arranged and given under the direction of the late Adlai E. Stevenson, Class of
1926, later United States Ambassador to the United Nations.
In 1947-48, under the direction of Mr. Stevenson, another series of lectures
was given on subjects in the field of International Relations and International
Law.
In 1948-49, John N. Hazard, Professor, Russian Institute, Columbia University, delivered a lecture on " The Soviet Union and International Law"; Paul
A. Freund, Professor of Law, Harvard University, delivered a series of three
lectures on the subject "On Understanding the Supreme Court," published as
a volume under that title by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1950, John P. Dawson, Professor of Law, University of Michigan, delivered a series of lectures on "The History of Unjust Enrichment," published
as a volume under the title Unjust Enrichm ent, a Comparative Analysis by
Little, Brown and Co.
In 1951, Abraham H . Feller, General Counsel, United Nations, delivered a
series of lectures on "World Law, World Community and the United Nations,"
published as a volume under the title United Nations and World Community
by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952, Charles Horsky of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series
of lectures on "The Lawyer and the Government," published as a volume under
the title The Washington Lawyer by Little, Brown and Co.
In 1952-53, the following lectures were given: "Liability of Air Carriers in
the Rome Conference of 1952" by Eugene Pepin, Legal Director, International
Civil Aeronautics Organization ; "The Essentials of a Sound Judicial System"
by Arthur T. Vanderbilt, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of New Jersey;
"The Nuremberg Trials" by Robert H. Jackson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. A conference was also held on the subject
of the Revision of the Illinois Criminal Code, with speakers including Walter
V. Schaefer, Justice of the Supreme Court of Illinois, and Herbert Wechsler,
Professor of Law at Columbia University.
In 1954, Adolf A. Berle, Jr., Professor of Law, Columbia University, delivered a series of lectures on "The 20th Century Capitalist Revolution," published as a volume under that title by Harcourt, Brace.
In 1955, James Willard Hurst, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin,
delivered a series of lectures on "Law and Liberty in the Nineteenth Century,"
published as a volume under the title Law and the Conditions of Freedom in
the Nineteenth Century United States by the University of Wisconsin Press.
In 1955-56, lectures were given by Louis B. Sohn, Professor of Law, Harvard
University, Ernest A. Gross, Legal Adviser to the Secretary General of the
58

�Arthur J. Goldberg '30 returned to the Law School as the
Rosentha l lecturer in 1971. He ta lked with law students and
visited with the Honorab le Otto Kerner '3 5, former Governor
of Illinois (1961-68), now Judge of the Seventh Circuit Court
of Appea ls. Mr. Goldberg has been Secretary of Labor (1961-62),
Justice of the Supreme Cou.rt (1962-65), and United States
Ambassador to the United Nations (1965-68).

United Nations, and John J. Parker, Chief Judge of the United States Court
of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit.
In 1956-57, the following lectures were given: "The Individual and the Rule
of Law Under the New Japanese Constitution" by Nobushige Ukai, Professor
of Law and Political Science, Tokyo University; "Judicial Enforcement of
Desegregation: Its Problems and Limitations," by A. E. Papale, Dean, School
of Law, Loyola University, New Orleans; "Murder and the Principles of Punishment," by Herbert L. A. Hart, Professor of Jurisprudence, Oxford University.
In 1958, L eon Green, formerly Dean of the Law School and presently Distinguished Professor of Law, University of Texas, delivered a series of lectures
on "Tort Liability : Loss Insurance for Traffic Victims, " published as a volume
under the title Traffic Victims: Tort Law and Insurance by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1959, Louis Eisenstein of the District of Columbia Bar delivered a series
of lectures on "The Ideologies of Taxation," published as a volume under that
title by the Ronald Press.
In 1960, the Right Honorable Lord Radcliffe, Lord of Appeal in Ordinary
of the United Kingdom, delivered a series of lectures on "The Law and Its
Compass," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1961 , Harold Canfield Havighurst, a member of the faculty and formerly
Dean of the Law School, delivered a series of lectures on "The Nature of Private
Contract," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1962, the Rt. Rev. James A. Pike, then Bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of
California, delivered a series of lectures on "The Ethic Beyond Legal Ethics:
59

�The Religious and Ethical Vocation of the Lawyer, " published as a volume
under the title B eyond the Law, by Doubleday and Company, Inc.
In 1963, Wilber G. Katz, Professor of Law, University of Wisconsin, delivered a series of lectures on "Religion and American Constitutions," published
as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1964, Dean Zelman Cowen, University of Melbourne School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The British Commonwealth of Nations in a
Changing World: Law, Politics and Prospects," published as a volume under
that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1965, a series of lectures on the general subject of "Perspectives on the
Court" offered three viewpoints on the role of the Supreme Court of the United
States. Participants were Max Freedman, distinguished journalist, William M.
Beaney, Professor of Politics and Law at Princeton University, and Eugene V.
Rostow, Dean and Professor of Law at Yale University. This series has been
published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March, 1966, Justice Walter V. Schaefer of the Supreme Court of Illinois,
a member of the Faculty before his elevation to the bench, delivered a series
of lectures on "Criminal Procedures and Converging Constitutional Doctrines,"
published as a volume under the title The Suspect and Society by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1966, Justice Andre M. Donner of the Court of Justice of the European
Communities delivered a series of lectures on "The Role of the Lawyer in the
European Communities," published as a volume under that title by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1967, Judge Carl McGowan of the U. S. Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Circuit delivered a series of lectures on "The Organization of
Judicial Power in the United States," published in 1969 by the Northwestern
University Press.
In 1968, Professor Harry W . Jones, Cardozo Professor of Jurisprudence,
Columbia University School of Law, delivered a series of lectures on "The
Efficacy of Law," published in 1969 by the Northwestern University Press.
In 1969, Adrian S. Fisher, Dean of the Georgetown University Law Center
and formerl y Deputy Director of the U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament
Agency, delivered a series of lectures on "General Disarmament and World
Law," to be published as a volume by the Northwestern University Press.
In March 1971 , Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930), former Justice of the
U. S. Supreme Court and Ambassador to the United Nations, presented a series
o f lectures on "The Supreme Court of the United States: Some Reflections on
Its Past, Present and Future."

THE LINTHICUM FOUNDATION PROGRAM

The Charles Clarence Linthicum Foundation was established m 1926 in
memory of Professor Linthicum, Class of 1882, a member of the Law School
faculty from 1902 to 1915, and one of the most eminent patent lawyers of his
day. The income of the fund is devoted to the support of research, study, and
development of the law of trade, industry, and commerce. From time to time
prizes have been awarded from these funds to distinguished American and
60

�European authors for meritorious books and essays. In recent years, the Foundation has sponsored a number of conferences with a significant focus on interrelationships of law, economics and government. Among the particular subject
areas which have been considered are antitrust, labor relations, general economic
and industrial organization, administrative regulation, land use and European
Common Market development.
Since 1948, projects sponsored by the Linthicum Foundation have included
among their participants such distinguished scholars, jurists and public officials
as John Kenneth Galbraith, Arthur J. Goldberg, Judge Paul R. Hays, Newton
N. Minow, Eugene V. Rostow, the late Adlai E. Stevenson, and W. Willard
Wirtz.

VOLUNTARY LEGAL SERVICES

Recent developments in the law requiring representation for indigent criminal defendants and the proliferation of agencies providing voluntary legal
services in civil matters have greatly increased the opportunities for professional
experience open to law students. Among the public and private agencies that
accept volunteer service by law students are outlying offices of the Legal Aid
Bureau of United Charities and the Neighborhood Legal Assistance Center,
operated for needy residents of Chicago's near north side by a group of young
practicing attorneys.
The Law School provides outstanding opportunity for voluntary service in
its own Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic, established in 1969 with the
assistance of grants from the Council of Legal Education for Professional Responsibility, Inc., the Field Foundation, the Legal Aid Bureau of United
Charities, and Chicago attorney Arnold I. Shure. An extension of the Legal
Clinic Program which the Law School initiated in 1910, the clinic provides
civil and criminal legal services to persons who are patients of the Northwestern
University medical and dental clinics. It serves other individuals and organizations in Chicago as well.
In voluntary legal services, all law students may assist in the interviewing
and counseling of clients, preparation of pleadings and other legal documents,
legal research, interviewing witnesses, and preparing for trial. Third year law
students may enroll in the clinical program for credit and may be certified to
practice in the courts under Rule 711 of the Rules of the Supreme Court of
Illinois.

CORPORATE COUNSEL INSTITUTE

Since 1962, Northwestern has conducted the Ann ual Corporate Counsel Institute in cooperation with the American, Illinois, and Chicago Bar Associations
and the Institute of Continuing Education of the Illinois Bar Association. The
two day program reviews problems of current importance to lawyers in corporate law departments and in private corporate practice. Over five hundred
lawyers attended the most recent Institute.
Institute lecturers are distinguished private practitioners and lawyers within
corporate law departments, government officials, law professors, and other
61

�scholars in fields of antitrust, labor relations, securities regulation, taxation, and
other areas of corporate law practice. Proceedings of the Institute are published.
Students in the Law School are invited to attend the Institute without charge.
Many of the papers presented are published in the Northwestern Law Review
and other journals.

CRIMINAL LAW INTERNSHIPS
From Ford Foundation grant funds, summer internships are available to a
substantial number of freshman and junior law students who have a special
interest in the practice of criminal law. The interns are assigned for a summer's
work in a variety of criminal justice agencies (e.g. prosecution office, office of
public defender or private defense counsel). The stipend for the summer is
$1,200.

62

�In the fall of 1859, the Dean re-scheduled
classes and arranged for the students to observe a federal court case being tried in the
Law School building by several outstanding
lawyers of the day, including Abraham
Lincoln.

-Recollections of an Alumnus,
Class of 1860.

The Life of
The School
A well seasoned aphorism, familiar to law students everywhere, says
that a law student receives his education from his classmates. Like many
an old saw, the observation contains within its exaggeration a kernel of
truth. Law school instruction is built upon student participation. Beyond the classroom the student continues his professional preparation in
give-and-take discussion, corridor debate, and friendly argument with
his fellows. The vitality of the Law School is measured by the quality
and vigor of its student body.
At Northwestern the entering student finds himself a member of a
closely knit community of men and women, bound together by a common
pursuit and by the rich traditions of the Law School's history. The student body is comparatively small, averaging approximately 500 students.
The modest size of the School and its instructional policies-division of
most courses into two or more sections and the wide range of electives
offered after the first year-promote wide acquaintance among students.
The beginner is carefully chosen through a policy of selective admission designed to assure that every member of the class is capable
of legal study at the highest and most challenging level. His classmates
are high ranking graduates of the leading colleges and universities in the
United States and abroad.
Students benefit from friendly relationships with fellow students coming from a wide variety of backgrounds. The typical student body consists of men and women from thirty-five states and eight or ten foreign
countries. One hundred and sixty-six colleges and universities are
represented by graduates enrolled in the Law School (see page 95). A
variety of undergraduate majors are included, and many students have
earned graduate degrees in other fields before entering Law School.
Law students as a whole tend to be individualistic and venturesome,
and a broad range of opinion and experience is encompassed in the
63

�Public figures, including alumni,
are frequent visitors to the School
and participants in its programs.

Mr. Justice

Byron R. White of the
United States Supreme Court ponders
a hard question in the final round
arguments of the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Competition.

Mr. Justice Thurgood Marsh a 11 of the
United States Supreme Court reads brief
in robing room prior to hearing arguments
of the Miner Moot Court competition.

Tom C. Clark, former Justice of the
United States Supreme Court, confers
with Judge Latham Castle '24, Chief
Judge John S. Hasting s of the Seventh
Circuit Court of Appeals, and student
participants in the Julius H. Miner Moot
Court Program.

Mr . Justice Potter Stewart of the
United States Supreme Court prepares
for an appearance at the Law School.

�student body. The stimulating contacts of student life at the Law School
combine to develop a mature, tolerant, and broadened outlook in the
individual student. A healthy spirit of competition, helpful in encouraging each student to his best effort, exists concurrent with the kind of
comradeship and mutual respect so characteristic of the legal profession
generally.

LEGAL PUBLICATIONS
NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW REVIEW
One of the most rewarding student activities at the Law School is the
publication of the Northwestern University Law Review, one of the
nation's leading professional journals. The Law Review is circulated
widely among lawyers and judges and is often cited in briefs and judicial
opinions. The tradition in the legal world of accepting as authoritative
professional journals, written, edited, and published by men who have
not yet achieved professional status, is unique. Work on the Law Review
is at once the most demanding and rewarding experience available to
the law student.
A law journal entitled the Northwestern Law Review was first established by students of the School during the academic year 1892-93, within
five years of the appearance of the first student journal in the nation.
Publication was continued in 1906, after a ten-year suspension, under the
title Illinois Law Review.
For a period beginning in 1924, editorship was shared with the law
schools of the University of Chicago and the University of Illinois. In
1932 Northwestern students resumed full control, and in 1952 the name
was changed to Northwestern University Law Review.
At the end of the first year outstanding students are invited to write
commentary on legal problems for publication and to carry on the
research, editing, and related work of the Law Review. Members of
the staff are selected on the basis of scholastic standing and a writing
competition. Selection is one of the highest honors and greatest responsibilities the Law School can bestow. Law Review participation is
hard work: it requires the members to return several weeks before school
begins in the fall and demands a major portion of their time during the
academic year. Because of their rich educational experience and resulting
excellent qualification for any field of the profession, Law Review writers
and editors are in great demand upon graduation. The fact that the
student body is not large means that at Northwestern the opportunities
£or Law Review participation are somewhat broader than in many other
schools.
65

�THE JOURNAL OF CRIMINAL LAW,
CRIMINOLOGY AND POLICE SCIENCE
An equally rewarding Law School publication that is available for
the publishable products of student scholarship is the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science. This Journal, with a worldwide circulation, is the foremost publication of its kind. It has been in
continuous publication since 1910.
An initial group of students are selected for membership on the
Journal staff at the end of their first year based on academic excellence.
Others are chosen through a second-year writing competition.
The student editorial board holds responsibility for the solicitation,
selection and editing of competent material submitted for publication
by judges, practicing attorneys, professors, and other legal scholars; and
for the preparation of publishable student material in the criminal law
field. The faculty adviser to the editorial board is Professor James B.
Haddad.
Work on a legal publication is demanding but most rewarding.
Journal experience, like that of Law Review, provides sound qualification for practice in any area of the law. The availability at Northwestern of two regularly published outlets for student research and
writing is a rare opportunity.

66

�Final round of 1971 Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition .

JULIUS H. MINER MOOT COURT COMPETITION
To provide continuing practice and instruction in the arts of appellate advocacy, the first-year course in Moot Court is supplemented by the
Julius H. Miner Moot Court Competition for advanced students in the
School. Made possible by an endowment memorializing Judge Julius H .
Miner, the program is conducted, under faculty supervision, by thirdyear students comprising the Moot Court Board and involves the preparation of appellate court briefs and the presentation of oral arguments
before panels of judges, practicing attorneys, and faculty members. The
cases typically raise issues of current legal importance, more complex and
challenging than those assigned in the regular first-year course. The final
argument is conducted before the entire sudent body, customarily with
distinguished judges from the federal bench. Those who have served
as presiding judges for final arguments include former Associate Justice
Arthur J. Goldberg (J.D., 1930) and Associate Justices Tom C. Clark,
Thurgood Marshall, Potter Stewart, and Byron R. v\Thite of the Supreme
Court of the United States. The School team in the National Moot
Court Competition is chosen from among the Miner Competition finalists .
STUDENT GOVERNMENT:
THE JUNIOR BAR ASSOCIATION
All students are members of the Junior Bar Association and through
it contribute to the educational and recreational programs of the Law
School. JBA committees are responsible for many activities, including
the orientation program for new students, Parents Day, Law Day,
67

�and a student-run bookstore which handles used casebooks and course
materials, supplementing the facilities of the University bookstore. Outstanding lawyers, judges, and political figures are frequent visitors to
the School as part of the JBA Speaker's Program, often meeting with
students at coffee hours following such programs.
The JBA plans several social and recreational programs throughout
the academic year, including student-faculty coffee hours, informal socials, and a film series with full-length feature movies. Other social
activities are planned each year to reflect the interests of the student
body.

HONOR CODE
An important product of the Law School's philosophy of student
responsibility is the Honor Code and the broad authority granted to the
students, through the Junior Bar Association, for its enforcement and
implementation. The basic tenet of the Honor Code is that the law
student, like the lawyer, should be subject to unyielding standards of
honorable conduct. In reliance upon the students' collective sense of
responsibility, Law School examinations are unmonitored and unsupervised by faculty, staff, or proctors. The Honor Code imposes a strict obligation upon each student to report any apparent infractions to the
students constituting the Judicial Council of the Association. After a
68

�full hearing, the Council has the duty to make findings and to recommend appropriate disciplinary action to the faculty.
The Code covers all academic phases of Law School activity. It is of
special note that this system has been chosen by the students and that
students administer the system which guarantees the honor of the Law
School community. The habits of honor fostered by this honor system
stand the young lawyer in good stead before the bench and bar.

RESEARCH ASSISTANTSHIPS
Each year a number of second and third year students are selected
to serve as Research Assistants to individual members of the faculty.
These appointments carry a modest stipend but are valued primarily for
the opportunities they afford for close participation in the ongoing
scholarly work and publications of the faculty.
LAW WIVES
Recognizing the importance of the wife's role in aiding her husband's study of law, the Law Wives organization provides an opportunity for the student wife to understand something about the subject
which consumes so much of her husband's time. The Law Wife may
enjoy an informal talk by a faculty member on law study or a legal
problem of general interest, or she may spend the evening socializing
with other student wives. Occasionally, professors have conducted mock
law classes for the wives to give them a firsthand view of the educational
process in which their husbands are involved.

69

��"Mr. Hoyne says that he has confidence
that the School will commence with 50
students. The tuition fees are to be $ 100
per year."

-Letter from Henry Booth, first Dean
of the Law School, to his wife, dated
June 30, 1859.

Admission to the School
Every year the Law School draws many hundreds of applications
for admission from every state in the U.S. and from abroad. In recent
years there have been ten or more applicants for each place in the entering class.
The admission policies of Northwestern University are not predicated
upon any consideration whatever of race, color, or creed, but completely
upon the competence of the individual.
Since its early years the Law School has followed a policy of selective
admission to preserve its character as a cohesive academic community of
modest size and to assure continued educational standards of the highest
order. Consequently, the School is unable to accept many applicants
who are capable of successfully completing legal studies and qualifying
for the practice of law.
Applicants are selected for admission upon the basis of demonstrated
scholarship, intellectual capacity, and qualities of character requisite to
the profession. The School endeavors to admit only those applicants
whose records indicate that they will successfully complete the course of
study.
MAKING APPLICATION FOR ADMISSION
Application forms and information concerning admission requirements may be obtained by writing to the Office of Admissions, Northwestern University School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago,
Illinois 60611.
Students beginning the study of law enter the School at the opening
of the first semester in September.
71

�Before enrollment the student must have obtained a Bachelor's degree
from an approved college or university.
Application to the Law School is accomplished by filing an application form with the Law School and by registering with the Law School
Data Assembly Service (LSDAS) of the Educational Testing Service,
Princeton, N.J. A pre-addressed postcard for requesting an LSDAS
registration form is provided with each Northwestern University School
of Law application form. The LSDAS form must be requested from
the Educational Testing Service and returned directly to ETS, not to
the Law School.
The LSDAS registration must be supplemented by a transcript sent
directly to LSDAS, not to the Law School, from each college and university attended, regardless of the number of hours of credit received.
Except in unusual cases, transcripts should not be supplied until they
include a record of three full academic years. If the application is approved, the applicant must supply a final transcript certifying the award
of a Bachelor's degree directly to the Law School.
The LSDAS registration must also be supported by a report of the
applicant's score on the Law School Admission Test. Northwestern
University School of Law joined with several other schools in sponsoring the development of this test, designed to measure the student's
general aptitude for the study of law. Information on how to arrange
to take the test, administered by the Educational Testing Service, is
supplied with registration material for the test, which m ay be obtained
directly from the Educational Testing Service. The test may be taken
either before or after the Law School application form and LSDAS
registration form are filed. An applicant for admission in September
should ordinarily plan to take the test in the fall preceding the year
in which admission to law school is sought. When the scores are available, they will automatically be added to the LSDAS file for the applicant.
LSDAS will provide Northwestern University School of Law, as well
as other law schools to which the applicant wishes to seek admission,
with an analysis of the transcripts and a report of the Law School Admission Test score. A fee for this service ($5 for the initial designated
law school and $2 for each additional school) is paid by the applicant
directly to the Educational Testing Service. The full details of the Law
School Data Assembly Service accompany the registration form.
An applicant must also submit, directly to the Law School on forms
furnished by Northwestern, recommendations from two college or university instructors. Each application submitted to the Law School must
also be accompanied by an application fee of $20 which is not refundable.
72

�VISITS TO THE SCHOOL
An applicant need not appear for a personal interview unless invited
by the Committee on Admissions. Since all admissions decisions are
made by a faculty committee, a personal interview with the Assistant
Dean in charge of admissions would not serve to communicate the
special circumstances of an applicant to all those considering his case.
An applicant who wishes to supply special information concerning his
application should submit a written statement.
Most questions can be answered by the Secretary of Admissions, who
is available for conferences with applicants. Appointments should be
a rranged in advance by mail or telephone.
WHEN TO APPLY
The completed application form should be submitted by January 1.
Applications not completed by March 1 will be considered only if spaces
are available. It is not necessary to wait until the transcripts, test score,
and recommendations can be supplied before filing the application.
Applicants for financial assistance must apply by March 1.
Applications are considered and acted upon as soon as the supporting
information has been received. Determinations are made upon a balanced evaluation of the applicant's college record and the Law School
Admission Test score, supplemented by the required recommendations
and other information bearing on the applicant's capacity and qualification for law study. Each application is considered carefully and individually. The trend of undergraduate achievement, performance in particular fields and courses, and the demands and influence of other
activities and personal circumstances are weighed and taken into account.
Every doubtful application is thoroughly discussed and examined by a
committee of faculty members.
Each applicant who is accepted for admission, whether or not he has
been awarded financial assistance, is required to make a non-refundable
deposit of $100 by April 1 of the year of entrance or within twenty-one
days after notice of acceptance, whichever is later. Upon registration the
deposit is applied toward tuition and fees.
No applicant previously enrolled in another law school is admitted
either as a beginning student or as a transfer student if he is ineligible
to continue study at that school.
TRANSFER
The admission of a student previously enrolled in another law school
who wishes to become a candidate for the degree of Juris Doctor depends
upon the applicant's achievements in law study and upon the factors
73

�which control the admission of beginning students. Generally stated, the
standard requires a highly creditable law school record.
Transfer applicants should submit the application form with the
$20 application fee, transcripts from each college and university attended, including the law school from which transfer is contemplated,
and two recommendations from former instructors, at least one of which
is a law school instructor. A statement of law school class standing also
should be submitted, and the Law School Admission Test score report
must be furnished.
The granting of credit for courses completed in other schools and the
allowance of advanced standing rest within the discretion of the Dean of
the School. In no event is transfer credit given for law school work in
schools which are not members of the Association of American Law
Schools or for courses in which the student received a grade below C or
its equivalent.
PRE-LEGAL STUDY
A Bachelor's degree in arts or science is required for admission to the
Law School, but no specific fields of major study or particular courses are
prescribed. The purpose of the requirement is to provide the prospective
lawyer with a sound liberal education for the discharge of his broader
professional responsibilities and to provide a foundation for law school
74

�trammg. Since the reach of the law's concerns may be as wide as the
range of human behavior, no particular course of undergraduate study
is viewed as conferring a special advantage in the law.
College curricula vary, the content of courses bearing the same title
may be dissimilar, and teaching attitudes and emphases differ. Accordingly, suggestions must be general. Courses in such fields as history, economics, anthropology, sociology, government, and political science may
help the student to understand the structure of society and the problems
of social ordering with which the law is concerned. Studies in philosophy
and literature may impart a familiarity with the traditions of thought
that have influenced legal developments. The examination of human
behavior in courses in psychology and its analysis through statistical
method may also prove worthwhile.
In developing the capacities and skills of the lawyer, the college student should pursue studies that enhance his power to express himself with clarity and force . English, foreign language courses, and public
speaking can be recommended, but the capacities may be developed as
well in other courses in which written work of high quality is demanded.
For the systematic ordering of abstractions and ideas, the physical, natural, and mathematical sciences, in addition to logic, are suggested.
Apart from subject matter, the student preparing for the study of law
should take courses of sufficient difficulty to test his capacities to the
utmost to assist in the development of the rigorous intellectual discipline
essential to success in law school. He would be well advised, in addition,
to pursue his studies far enough in some definite field to attain a mastery
of the subject. The typical student is more likely to extend himself
and thereby to increase his capacities for law study if he follows his own
interests and tastes.
It is perhaps advisable, however, for the prospective law student to
avoid undergraduate courses in law designed to prepare one for other
callings and duplicating law school work. Ordinarily, the time and effort
are better spent in studies in other fields.
In general, the undergraduate college student is best advised not to try
to prepare particularly and narrowly for his law school studies, but to
prepare for his life as a lawyer by obtaining the best available general
education. He will find that what is best for law school is also the best
in liberal education-a course of study that develops in the student the
capacity to understand, to think for himself, and to express himself
effectively.

75

�Tuition, Fees and Expenses
The cost of a year of law study varies with the needs, habits, and circumstances of the student. As a base from which individual estimates may be
drawn, the sum of $4,500 approximates the total expense for the academic year
of the average unmarried student residing in Abbott Hall, the Law School
dormitory. Of this total, about $2,700 is required for tuition, fees, books, and
supplies. The remainder represents the typical expenditure for room, board,
and personal needs.

TUITION
The student's total investment in his legal education, although large in absolute terms, is insubstantial in comparison with its total returns in the decades.
of his professional life. Short-term economies often prove wasteful in the long
run. In the interests of its students, the Law School has made every effort to
hold down the costs, but in the same interests, it has refused to sacrifice any
of the elements of a legal education of the highest quality. The cost of each
student's education is only partly covered by his tuition payments. A substantial portion is paid from income from endowments and from annual gifts of
alumni and friends of Northwestern.
Tuition for the academic year 1971-72
Full tuition, graduate or undergraduate, each semester .............. $1,250·
Part-time tuition, each credit hour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125·
Auditor's fee, each class hour a week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Prosecution and Defense Program ............................ .... 1,250·
Resident in Research fee, each semester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
30·
Subsequent years
Increases in tuition may be anticipated for subsequent years.

Candidates for the degree of Juris Doctor are classified as undergraduate
students. Candidates for the degree of Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the degree
of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.) and students who have received their
Bachelor of Laws or Juris Doctor degrees or their equivalents and are in their
first semester of full-time graduate work pending their acceptance as candidates.
for a graduate degree are classified as graduate students. All other students are
unclassified students.
Candidates for the S.J.D. and LL.M. degrees who have done full-time graduate work at this University for two semesters are charged the Resident in
Research fee unless they take courses or seminars. They are then charged at
the rate of $125 a credit hour.
Unclassified students in residence who are neither taking courses or seminars.
for credit nor auditing courses or seminars are charged the Resident in Research
fee.
76

�FEES

In addition to tuition, the following academic fees, mostly non-recurring,
are charged:
Application fee ................... ... ..... . ....................... $20
Not transferable; not refundable.

Late registration fee ................. ... ........... ............ .... 10
Late Health Service requirement fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
For students who do not complete the initial Health Service requirement as
specified in the Student Health Bulletin.

2

Graduation fee: J.D., LL.M, or S.J.D ....................... .... ..... 10
Duplicate diploma fee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Duplicate transcript of record, each . ............................... .
Mimeograph Fee
In many courses it is necessary to supply mimeographed materials to supplement assigned casebooks. A flat charge of $12.50 each semester for undergraduates covers the cost of supplies and labor to prepare such supplementary materials. In a few instances, when instructors prepare mimeographed materials
to replace an entire casebook, an add itional charge is made.
Advance Deposit
An advance deposit of $100 is required of all applicants accepted for admission, including those granted financial assistance. This deposit is app lied as
part payment of tuition and fees but is not refundable.

PAYMENT OF TUITION AND FEES

Tuition and fees are paid by semesters, rather than by the full academic
year. Payments are due in the first few weeks after the beginning of the term
upon the date specified in the statement sent to each student after registration .
The Cashier's Office, conveniently located on the first floor of Abbott Hall,
receives these payments.
The Division of Student Finance, on the first floor of Abbott Hall, issues
the statements and makes all adjustments.

WITHDRAWAL AND REFUNDS

Official withdrawal forms are available from the Registrar of the School
of Law. Except for students who are compelled to withdraw because of compliance with military orders, students who withdraw before the end of one-fourth of
the term are liable for one-fourth of the tuition for the term. Students who
withdraw after the first one-fourth of the term and before the middle of the
term are held for one-half of the tuition for the term. Students who withdraw
after the middle of the term are held for full tuition. Regardless of the time
of withdrawal, students are liable for all fees. In the case of exclusion for nonpayment of tuition, the same charges are made in accordance with the above
schedule. In all cases, either the elate on which the student withdrew from
classes and filed a written withdrawal notice with the Registrar of the Law
School or the date of formal exclusion is used in figuring any adjustment on
tuition .

77

�-

REBATES TO FACULTY, STAFF, AND INSTRUCTORS
Undergraduate and graduate students in the following categories are eligible
to apply for certain tuition rebates of up to 50 percent: (a) full-time faculty
and staff members listed on the regular twelve-month payroll of the University;
(b) dependent sons and daughters of such persons; (c) full-time employees of
affiliated institutions; (d) graduate students appointed as instructors and teaching part-time at Northwestern.
Information concerning these rebates and application blanks are available
at the Student Finance Office, Abbott Hall. Applications must be filed with
that office before registration each term.

STUDENT DEPOSIT ACCOUNT
The University maintains a student deposit account at the Cashier's Office,
Abbott Hall, as an accommodation to students. Students may write only counter
checks payable to themselves against their deposits. There is no charge for this
service, and no interest is paid on deposits.

78

�Financial Aid
The Law School is committed to providing all possible assistance
to a law student so that he may reach his educational goal. However,
scholarship and loan funds available for this purpose are quite limited.
Thus, n0t all students who demonstrate financial need may be given
financial assistance.
Each application for financial assistance is individually considered
by a committee of faculty members and each award is determined by
an individual appraisal of the student's qualifications for law study and
monetary needs. The application is considered for awards of scholarship
grants and repayable grants. The committee expects that each applicant
will obtain as much financial assistance from other sources as is possible.
For example, those students who qualify for the "State Guaranteed Loan
Program" are expected to obtain such loans. Information about this
program may be obtained from the applicant's local hank.
For students of exceptional ability who have adequate resources for
law study, a limited number of honorary scholarships are awarded annually in recognition of pre-legal achievement. These special scholarships, described below, carry only a nominal financial award, so that
available funds may be devoted to the assistance of students who otherwise would be unable to study law.

MAKING APPLICATION FOR ASSISTANCE
Application for financial assistance is initiated by registering with
the Law School Financial Aid Service (LSFAS), administered by Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N.J. The registration form is in the
Law School Admission Bulletin of Information, published by ETS.
LSFAS will send each registrant all necessary forms and instructions.
LSFAS will collect and analyze financial data for the applicant, the
spouse or prospective spouse of the applicant, and the applicants' parents
or guardians. This combined financial aid form and analysis will then
be submitted to the Law School for consideration.
An application for financial assistance need not be processed with the
application for admission, but should be completed as early as possible.
In any event, all forms should be submitted to LSFAS not later than
March 1 of the year of proposed entrance. Information on when to apply
for admission is on page 73.
SCHOLARSHIPS AND GRANTS
In addition to substantial sums provided by the University and to
the generous annual gifts of alumni for scholarship purposes in the Law
79

�School, the following special scholarships and awards are available to law
students at Northwestern:

Francis S. Kosmerl Scholarships. A trust under the will of the late
Francis S. Kosmerl of the Class of 1912 provides an income for the purpose of assisting students throughout the period of their undergraduate
and professional training. Preference is given to applicants who have
been named Kosmerl Scholars in their undergraduate years and have
maintained their scholastic standing.
Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Fund. The sum of $50,000 was bequeathed to Northwestern University by Mrs. Anna Coburn in memory
of her husband, the income from the fund to be given as scholarships to
students in the School of Law in such amounts as the President of the
University or the Dean of the School of Law may determine.
Jacob Newman Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $25,000
established by Mrs. Minnie G. Newman in memory of her husband,
Jacob Newman of the Class of 1875, is awarded annually to deserving
students who, but for such aid, would not be able to pursue law study.
Charles Weinfeld Scholarships. In 1954, Charles Weinfeld of the Class
of 1902 made a gift of $20,000 to establish a fund, the income from
which is applied to aid annually one or more worthy students in the
Law School who, but for such aid, would be unable to obtain a legal
education. In 1964, the principal of the fund was increased by a gift of
$10,000 from The Charles Weinfeld Memorial Foundation. Amounts
granted, within the discretion of the Dean of the Law School, are for the
purpose of paying tuition and other expenses.
Ware Scholarship. The income from a $10,000 gift by Mrs. Fannie
M. Ware to establish a scholarship in memory of her son, Lieutenant
Manierre Barlow Ware, who was killed in action on October 12, 1918,
in the Argonne offensive, is available annually to a student of high
scholastic standing and good character who is in need of financial assistance to obtain a good legal education.
Frederic R. De Young Scholarship. In memory of their father, Frederic R. De Young, distinguished alumnus (LL.B., 1897, LL.D., 1927)
and a member of the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1924 to 1934,
Herbert C. De Young and Ruth De Young Kohler (Mrs. Herbert V.)
have established a scholarship through a gift to the University of $10,000.
The income from this fund is awarded to a student in the School of
Law who is in need of financial assistance and gives promise of becoming
an outstanding and worthy member of the bar of Illinois.
80

�Anna Louise Raymond Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund
of $7,000 given by the late Anna Louise Raymond is awarded annually
to a student deserving financial assistance.
Wellington Walker Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of
$5,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Wellington Walker
is awarded annually as a scholarship for a needy law student who has
been a resident of Chicago not less than ten years.
Elmer A. Smith Scholarship Fund. From the income of a bequest of
$5,000 in the will of the late Elmer A. Smith, a scholarship is awarded
annually to a student of character, ability, promise, and financial need
who is deserving of financial assistance.
Chicago Title and Trust Company Foundation Scholarships. Since
1955, a total of $77,000 has been contributed by the Chicago Title and
Trust Company Foundation to be used for scholarships in the School of
Law.
Rufus H. Sage Scholarship in the School of Law . From the income of
a bequest in the will of the late Mrs. Ellen Sage, a scholarship of $250 has
been established and is awarded annually.
Tau Epsilon Rho Scholarship. The income from an endowment
established by the Chicago Graduate Chapter of Tau Epsilon Rho is
awarded annually to a student in the Law School.
Blumberg Book Loan Fund. In 1963, Nathan S. Blumberg of the
Class of 1913 established an endowment, now amounting to $17,000,
the income from which is to be expended annually for the purchase
of books for financially needy students for use in their class work.
Mahlon Ogden West Book Fund. A fund was established by friends
of the late Mahlon Ogden West of the Class of 1925 to purchase books
to be used each year by a male freshman scholarship student of outstanding accomplishments and in need of financial assistance who is
selected by the Dean.
Class of 1954 Scholarship. The income from a fund established by the
Class of 1954 is awarded annually to a student in need of financial assistance.
Farmers Insurance Group Scholarships. The Farmers Insurance
Group of Los Angeles contributes an amount each year for law scholarship purposes, based upon the number of Northwestern alumni employed by the company.
81

�Ernest U. Schroeter Scholarship Fund. From the income of a gift of
Ernest U. Schroeter of the Class of 1909, scholarship assistance is awarded
annually to a student who from the standpoint of character, ability,
promise, and financial need deserves financial assistance.
Thad M. Talcott, Jr. Scholarship Fund. From the income from a
bequest by the late Thad M. Talcott of the Class of 1896, scholarship
assistance is awarded annually to a student of high character and ability
who is in need of financial assistance.
Floyd E. Thompson Scholarship. The income from a fund of $25,000
given in memory of Floyd E. Thompson by his widow, Mrs. Floyd E.
Thompson, and his daughter, Mrs. P. Goff Beach, Jr., is awarded annually to a deserving student from Illinois or Wisconsin who but for such
aid would not be able to pursue the study of law. Judge Thompson
served on the Supreme Court of Illinois from 1919 to 1928, was President
of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, was a member of the Board
of Governors of the American Bar Association, and was actively interested
in the Law School during much of his distinguished career.
Ednyfed H. Williams Memorial Scholarship. In memory of Ednyfed
H. Williams, distinguished Chicago attorney and a graduate law student
at the School of Law (1908-09), his wife, the late Mrs. Edna B. Williams,
established a tuition scholarship to be awarded to a law student of high
character and ability in need of financial assistance.
David T. Campbell Fund. From the income from a bequest by the
late David T. Campbell of the Class of 1899, scholarship assistance is
awarded annually to students of character and ability in need of financial
assistance.
Hendrik Folonie Scholarship Fund. The annual income from a trust
fund established by the late Edna N. Folonie is used to provide a scholarship for a worthy student in the Law School.
City Products Corporation Scholarship. Since 1963, the City Products
Corporation of Des Plaines, Illinois, has made an annual grant to provide
a full scholarship in the Law School for the training of a deserving
and financially needy student.
Virgil B. Day Scholarship Fund. Virgil B. Day, a member of the
Class of 1939, in 1963 established in the Law School an unrestricted
trust as a tribute to his late father, Virgil B. Day, Sr. The Dean of the
Law School has directed that the income from this unrestricted trust be
used to provide scholarships for qualified and needy students in the
82

�School. Annual income from the trust, which terminates in 1975, is approximately $1,100. This sum is matched by the General Electric
Company, of which Mr. Day is a vice-president, under its matching gift
program.

Theodore Stone Scholarship. An original unrestricted bequest of
$5,000 by the late Theodore Stone, Class of 1917, was increased by a
pledge of $10,000 by Mrs. Stone. Commencing in September 1971, for
a period of not less than five nor more than ten years, the fund is to
be used to provide annual scholarship assistance of not less than $1,000
nor more than $2,000 for enrolled students until the principal and
accumu lation of the fund are exhausted.
Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr. Scholarship. In October, 1963, the
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists made a contribution of $1,300 to the Law School for the purpose of endowing a scholarship honoring the late Ernest Peter Strassburger, Jr., a member of the
Class of 1961. Mr. Strassburger, who served as a lawyer for the Federation, was killed in a plane crash in 1963 while on training duty as a
pilot in the Naval Reserve. The Federation has provided that the income from the endowment should be awarded annually to a deserving
student in the Law School who is a veteran of the Armed Forces or the
son or close relative of a veteran of the Armed Forces.
John Henry Wigmore Honorary Scholarships. Students of exceptional
promise and ability who have adequate resources for law study may be
designated Wigmore Scholars in memory of John Henry Wigmore, Dean
of the Law School from 1901 until 1929, author of the world-renowned
Treatise on Evidence, and one of the legal profession's greatest scholars.
The scholarships import in full the recognition and honor of scholarship status but confer only a nominal financial award.
Th e Jewish Students Scholarship Fund. $500 is awarded annually by
the Jewish Students Scholarship Fund, Inc., to a worthy student in the
Law School who is in need of financial assistance.
Amy Eloise Wright Memorial Fund. Joseph H. Wright of the Class
of 1919 made a gift of $10,000 to the Law School in 1966 to establish a
fund in memory of his wife, Amy Eloise Wright. Income from the fund
is used to provide scholarships for needy and worthy students.
Harold Hoon Wo Wong Scholarship. Mrs. Harold Hoon Wo Wong
made a gift of $3,000 to the Law School in 1967 in memory of her late
husband, Harold Hoon Wo Wong of the Class of 1916. Income from the
gift provides scholarship support for a student from Hawaii selected
by the Dean from among those enrolled in the School. In years when
no award is made, income is added to principal.
83

�L. Shirley Tark Scholarship. The income from a fund of $35,000,
given by L. Shirley Tark of the Class of 1916, is awarded annually to a
student in the Law School selected by the Dean.

Irene V. McCormick Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of
$25,000 established by a bequest of $24,334 of the late Irene V.
McCormick, supplemented by gifts from friends of Miss McCormick, is
awarded to financially needy students residing in the Chicago area.
George M . Keane Scholarship. In 1968, gifts totaling $11,000 were
given to the Law School at a testimonial dinner for George M. Keane.
The Dean has directed that these gifts be utilized to provide scholarship assistance to worthy and needy students over a period of years.
Katharine Dexter McCormick Fund. The income from a bequest of
$50,000 by the late Mrs. Katharine Dexter McCormick is, at the Dean's
direction, used to provide scholarship aid for worthy and needy students.
Orville Taylor Law Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of
$10,000 established by a bequest in the will of the late Orville Taylor
is awarded to a deserving law student.
Robert Crown Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law
School by John Crown of the Class of 1958 in memory of his brother,
Robert Crown, to provide scholarship assistance to a student of the
Law School to be selected by the Dean.
Robert Crown Memorial Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to
the Law School by Newton Minow of the Class of 1950 in memory of
Robert Crown to provide scholarship assistance to a needy student of
the Law School to be selected by the Dean.
Schradzke, Gould and Ratner Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was
given to the Law School by the law firm of Schradzke, Gould and Ratner
to provide scholarship assistance to a student in the Law School to be
selected by the Dean.
Arnold I. Shure Scholarship. A gift of $1,000 was given to the Law
School by Arnold I. Shure to provide scholarship assistance to a student
of the Law School selected by the Dean.
Joseph E. Clayton, Jr. Scholarship Fund. Gifts of $1,000 each were
made by R. Eugene Pincham of the Class of 1951 and Cecil A. Partee of
the Class of 1946, and contributions actively solicited from others to
establish a fund honoring the memory of Joseph E. Clayton, Jr. Either
the principal or interest of the fund may be utilized to provide grants or
loans to deserving students, at the discretion of the Dean.
84

�Alan H. Novogrod Scholarship Fund. Students, faculty members and
other friends established this fund in memory of Alan H. Novogrod,
Class of 1971. Income from the fund is used to provide scholarship
support for deserving minority group students.
Law Alumni Scholarship Fund. The income from a fund of $50,000
is utilized as a scholarship awarded annually to a deserving law student.
Altheimer, Gray, Naisburg, Strasburger &amp; Lawton Scholarship. A gift
of $1,000 was given to the Law School by the firm of Altheimer, Gray,
Naisburg, Strasburger &amp; Lawton to provide scholarship assistance to a
student in the Law School to be selected by the Dean.
C. Lysle Smith Scholarship. In 1971, C. Lysle Smith of the Class of
1920 pledged $10,000, payable over a period not to exceed five years, to
provide scholarship assistance to a student or students selected by the
Dean.
LOANS
Among the sources of Law School loan funds are the Charles Shapiro
and Morris Robert Shapiro Loan Fund, the Raoul Berger Law Loan
Fund, the Mrs. J. N. R aymond Law School Fund, the Edward P.
Summbers Law Loan Fund, and the Law School Foundation Loan Funds.
In 1966, the partners of Barnet Hodes of the Class of 1921, in the
firm of Arvey, Hodes and Mantynband, made a gift of $6,500 in honor
of Mr. Hodes' 65th birthday, to be used for loans to deserving students
in need of financial asisstance.
In 1965, the American Bar Association and the American Law Student
Association made appropriations to the American Bar Association Fund
for Legal Education to establish a loan program for assistance to law
students at schools approved by the American Bar Association. Inquiries
concerning the terms and conditions of these loans should be directed
to the Office of Admissions.
Phi Alpha Delta Law Fraternity has inaugurated a program of offering loans from its Endowment Fund to worthy student members of the
fraternity who need such aid to complete their law school education.
The maximum amount of such loans is $500.

85

�Graduate Study:
Admission and Fellowships
The graduate program of the Law School has several objectives. One
purpose is to offer to recent law graduates who have demonstrated
superior proficiency in the study of law, as well as to active practitioners,
an opportunity not only to broaden their legal knowledge but also to
study and engage in research in particular fields of interest. The School
also desires to make its facilities available to law teachers and prospective law teachers interested in advanced study and original research and
writing under faculty guidance. In addition, the program is intended to
provide outstanding graduates of foreign law schools with an opportunity to expand their knowledge of American legal processes and to
engage in comparative legal research.

ADMISSION TO GRADUATE STUDY AND TO CANDIDACY
FOR ADVANCED DEGREES
The admission of students who have been awarded a first degree in
law to graduate study or to candidacy for the degree of Master of Laws or
Doctor of Juridical Science is at the discretion of the Committee on
Graduate Studies.
Although foreign graduate students whose native language is not
English are eligible for admission as graduate students, they normally
86

�are not admitted as candidates for a degree until they have completed
one semester's work as graduate students and have demonstrated during
that time their capacity to complete successfully the degree requirements.
Experience indicates that foreign students whose native language is
not English have great difficulty in meeting the requirements unless they
have a good command of written and spoken English.
Application forms and additional information may be secured by
writing to the Committee on Graduate Studies, Northwestern University
School of Law, 357 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611.
DEGREES

Two graduate degrees are granted: the degree of Master of Laws
(LL.M.) and the degree of Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.).
Master of Laws (LL.M.). The degree of Master of Laws is conferred
upon students who have obtained a first degree in law from this University or another having equivalent requirements; in unusual cases, this
requirement may be waived by a vote of the faculty. Also, such students
must fulfill the following requirements:
I. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School,
during which time credit must be obtained for not less than IO semesterhours in courses or seminars not previously counted toward the first
degree in law. Students who have not previously taken, for their first
degree in law, a course or seminar in the general field of jurisprudence
must include such work in their program. Each graduate student's
course program is individually planned in relation to the student's
choice of a thesis topic. To the extent necessary to establish a background for his research, the Graduate Committee may at its discretion
require a graduate student to take course and seminar work in addition
to the minimum prescribed above. During their year of residence, graduate students are required to maintain a superior scholarship record.
2. The completion of a thorough study of some approved legal topic
and the presentation of a paper embodying its results. The candidate's
thesis must be suitable for publication in the Northwestern University
Law Review or the Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police
Science.
3. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty.
Doctor of Juridical Science (S.J.D.). The degree of Doctor of Juridical Science is conferred upon students who have obtained the degree
of Juris Doctor from this or some other university or college having
equivalent requirements for that degree or who have obtained the degree
of Bachelor of Laws from another university or college whose require87

�ments for that degree are equivalent to those prescribed by this School
for the degree of Juris Doctor and who have fulfilled the following
requirements:
1. The completion of one academic year of residence in this School.
The time required for the completion of a candidate's work, however,
normally runs far beyond the period of residence required.
2. The completion of a study to be approved by the faculty or its
designated committee. This study shall be one involving original research
and must be completed in such manner, both as to subject matter and
literary form, as to be, in the opinion of the faculty, a significant and
scholarly contribution to legal science.
3. The completion of such other work, if any, as may be directed by
the Dean in the particular case.
4. The passing of an examination to be prescribed by the faculty.
Faculty policy restricts this degree to candidates who have had substantial experience either in practicing or teaching law and who, through
their published writings, have evidenced their capacity for advanced
graduate work.
TUITION, FEES, AND EXPENSES
Full information concerning tuition and fees for graduate study
appears on pages 76-78 of the bulletin.
The expenses of an unmarried student for the academic year, including books, board and room, and incidentals (but excluding tuition
and fees) should be approximately $2,000.
Accomodations for both married and unmarried graduate students
are available on the University's Chicago campus.
FELLOWSHIP IN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL STUDIES
The James Nelson Raymond Fellowship is awarded on a competitive
basis to applicants, domestic or foreign, interested in any field of legal
study, including international legal studies. The amount of the fellowship is $3,800. After provision for payment of tuition and fees, the
balance is paid in ten installments, the first on September 15.
Normally, fellowships are not awarded to foreign students who already
have spent a year in this country under another scholarship grant. Fellowships are granted for one year only.
Graduate fellowships do not provide for travel expenses. Students
must make their own travel arrangements. Successful fellowship applicants should also bring sufficient funds for personal expenses from the
time of arrival until September 15.
88

�In this century four distinguished scholars
and educators have led Northwestern's
School of Law. The present Dean is John
Ritchie wh o assumed the post in 1957.

"Old Northwestern!
That's where we learned our law."

- " The Counsellor's Chorus,"
John Henry Wigmore, Dean 1901-29

The School
and its

Alumni

The associations formed in the years of study at the Law School are
lifelong. The School, through its Placement Service, offers assistance
to the graduate in finding a position which promises satisfaction both in
economic terms and in self-realization and contribution. The School's
alumni assist in keeping alive memories and friendships of student days
and provide the support so important to the School.

PLACEMENT
At graduation the Northwestern law student JOms the century-long
procession of Law School alumni. A wide range of choice is open. To
provide its graduates with advice, guidance, and a broad selection of
opportunities for their legal careers, the Law School maintains a placement service under the direction of the Assistant Dean of Development
and Placement . .
Through general announcements to the profession and particular
inquiries, the Placement Service gathers information on professional
89

�opportumt1es and openings, compiles complete listing of these opportunities, maintains files for the use of prospective graduates, and posts
announcements of new openings to keep the student's information current.
While there are many who practice law, the demand for well trained
able young lawyers has not diminished. The rising level of starting
salaries gives evidence of the professional need. Each year the Placement Service receives inquiries and requests from law firms, corporations, and government agencies.
A majority of the Law School's alumni are engaged in the private
practice of law. Some have chosen to remain in Chicago, while others
have settled in cities and towns throughout the United States. In large
firms and in individual practice, Northwestern graduates rank as leaders
of the bar in nearly every state in the nation and in several foreign countries. In service to their profession and their clients, they have occupied
the presidencies of the American, state, and local bar associations.
Not all alumni elect the rewards of private practice. Furthering a
strong tradition of public service, a number of those in each graduating
class accept positions with government at the national, state, or local
level. Working with prosecuting and investigating agencies, on government boards and commissions, and on the staffs of government departments, they are often vested with major responsibilities and acquire
wide experience early in their professional lives. After a period of
government service, many enter private practice, where their experience

W. Willard Wirtz, a member of the faculty
before his appointment as Secretary of
Labor by President Kennedy in 1962,
later addressed a Law School gathering .

90

�in government is of great value. Others make public service a career and
attain high public office, elective or appointive.
The roster of Law School alumni includes past and present governors
and United States senators, cabinet members, department heads, diplomats, mayors, attorney generals, prosecutors, legislators, and government
advisers.
The strength of the Northwestern tradition of public service is illustrated by a striking statistic: in more than half the Presidential campaigns of the past seventy years, a Law School alumnus has been either
the candidate or a strong contender for the nomination of one of the
two major parties.
In the judiciary, Northwestern men have served with distinction on
the benches of the highest courts, both federal and state. For the topranking students, there are opportunities for clerkships with justices and
judges of the federal and state courts.
Openings in the field of teaching law are not numerous, and the
financial rewards are not great; however, through the years Northwestern,
for its size, has contributed more than its share of the nation's law
teachers. Its graduates have joined the faculties of nearly all the major
law schools in the United States, and many Northwestern men have
91

�Alumni gather in the Law School garden for a reunion.

served as deans, university presidents, and leaders in other branches of
education.
An expanding field of opportunity beyond the limits of traditional
practice is offered the Law School graduate interested in business, industry, and finance . In increasing recognition of the values of legal training,
corporations, banks, and companies in a wide range of enterprise seek
Law School graduates not only for their legal staffs but for executive
positions. Attractive starting salaries and opportunities for advancement
92

�in management have combined to draw a substantial number of graduates
of the Law School. Alumni have risen to principal executive posts in
many of the nation's largest corporations in such fields as transportation,
oil, retailing, insurance, finance, public utilities, and manufacturing.
From the array of professional opportunities open to him, the graduating student must choose for himself. It is the function of the Law
School's Placement Service to aid him in exploring the possibilities and to
arrange the necessary contacts.
Each year a large number of law firms from major cities throughout
the United States send partners to the Law School to interview advanced
students. Government agencies, corporations, and banks also send representatives to the School for interviews. In addition to the hundreds of
personal interviews conducted annually at the Law School, the Placement
Service arranges for interviews of students in large numbers at law offices,
government agencies, and corporate headquarters.
A biographical summary is prepared and duplicated for each prospective graduate seeking a position, and appropriate letters of introduction
and recommendation are furnished.
Beyond its service to current graduates, the Placement Service also
handles the temporary placement of students with law firms and government agencies for summer vacation periods, in Chicago and elsewhere,
typically between the student's second and third years, and the placement
of alumni of earlier years who are returning from military service or are
seeking a change of position.

THE LAW ALUMNI ASSOCIATION
Over the years, the Law School has enjoyed the loyal support of its
alumni. They commemorated the Law School's centennial by contributing substantially to the construction of Robert R. McCormick Hall and
the Owen L. Coon Library, and their generous annual gifts to the Law
Alumni Fund provide scholarships and significant support for the general
program of the School.
Many alumni assist directly in the educational program. A number
serve as judges in the Moot Court program. In addition, alumni are
frequently asked to draw upon their practical experience and special
knowledge in particular fields of law by participating in course work
or addressing student groups. They render invaluable assistance in connection with the placement program.
Each year alumni reunions are held during the meetings of the American Bar Association and various state bar associations. In addition, an
alumni dinner is held each spring in Chicago with a prominent guest
speaker. Also, a faculty-alumni luncheon is held in Chicago each fall.
93

�Officers and directors of the Law Alumni Association for the academic
year 1970-71 :

OFFICERS, 1970-71
President
GORDON

w.

Regional Vice-Presidents

'37

WINKS,

WILLIAM M . BARVICK,

Kansas City

First Vice-President
HON. HERBERT C . PASCHEN,

Third Vice-President
EARLE. POLLOCK,

EUGENE KART,

FRANCIS

Washington
San Francisco

'31

J.

'53
'34

HELMER R. JOHNSON,

New York

'53

'37

LAURENCE OLIPHANT, JR.,

Cleveland

Secretary
Treasurer

RICHARD J. FLYNN,

HARRY R. HoRRow,

Second Vice-President
HENRY W . KENOE,

'29

'61

NORMAN M. SEVIN,

'36

Miami

'53

McCONNELL,

PAUL ZIFFREN,

Los Angeles

'34

'56

'38

Immediate Past President
DANIEL WALKER, '50

BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Terms Expiring in 1971
PAUL J. FURLONG, '47

Terms Expiring in 1974
ARTHUR W. BROWN, JR.,

'42
ESTHER 0 . KEGAN, '36
ALBERT W. POTTS, '29
ELROY C. SANDQUIST, '50
HAROLD D. SHAPIRO, '52

DAVID M. GOODER,

Terms Expiring in 1972
JOHN J. CROWN, '55
ABRAHAM FISHMAN, '32

L.

FISHER,

J.

HON. JULIUS
WILLIAM
PATRICK

W.

w.

McKITTRICK,

'40

PAUL GERDEN,

CRANE C . HAUSER,

'33

Terms Expiring in 1973
ISIDORE BROWN, ' 15
JAMES C . HARDMAN, '61
GEORGE KELM, '54
TIMOTHY C. KLENK,
MILTON A. KOLAR,
RUSSELL

H.

'67

'39

MATTHIAS,

'50

Terms Expiring in 1975
FRANKLIN A. CHANEN, '57
JEROME L. ETTELSON, '41

'31
'40

RAYMOND T. SUEKOFF,

'64

'38

O'BRIEN,

HORACE W . JORDAN,

'5 1

'49

HOFFMAN,

GEORGE M. KEANE,

HoN. SIDNEY A . JoNEs,
JAMES T. OTIS,

94

MILTON

'32

BAR NET HODES,

'21

'50

MARK E. MACDONALD,

'67

' 15

'39

�REGISTER OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

A total of 166 colleges and
enrolled in the Law School in
Adelphi College . . . . . l
Alfred University . . . . l
Allegheny College . . . . 3
Alvemo College . . . . . I
American University
3
Antioch College . . . . . . l
Arizona State U . . . . . . 2
Augustana College . . . 2
Bara t College . . . . . . . l
Blackburn College . . . l
Boston College . . . . . . 4
Boston University . . . l
Bowdoin College . . . . I
Bradley University . . . 2
Brandeis U niversity . . 3
Brigh am Young U . . ..
Brooklyn College
Brown University .. ..
Butler University . . . . I
California State . . . . . . 4
U. of California . . . . . . 8
Cani siu s College . . . . . 2
Catholic University . . I
Carleton College . . . . . 3
Carroll College . . . . . . 2
Case Western Reserve. 3
Central State College . . I
Chi cago State College . I
Chicago Teachers . . . .
U. of Chicago .. .... . .
T he Citadel . . . . . . . . . l
U. of Cincinnati . . . . . 3
City College of N . Y... l
Colgate University . . . 2
Colorado College . . . . l
Colo. Sch. of Mines
l
U . of Colorado . . . . . . l
Columbia University. . 2
Con necticut College . . I
Co rnell College . . . . . . 2
Cornell Univers ity . . . 2
Creighton Uni versity . . l
Dartmouth College
3
U . of Dayton . . . . . . . . 3
Denison University . . . 2
U. of Denver . . . . . . . . 5
De Paul University . . 8
DePauw U niversity . . 8
Dickinson College . . . I
Drake University . . . . I
U. of Dubuque . . . . . . l
Duke University . . . . . l
Eastern Illinois U. . . . l
F isk University . . . . . . 2
Florida State U ..... .
Fordham Un iversity . .

universities were represented by one or more graduates
1970-71.
U. of Oregon . . . . . . . . l
Georgetown U. . . . . . . 4
George Washington . . I
P enn State U. . . . . . . . 5
Grinnell College . . . . . 4
U. of Pe nnsylvania . . . 4
U. of Pittsburgh . . . . . I
H a mline University . . l
H a nover College . . . . . 2
Pitzer College . . . . . . . l
H arvard University . . 2
Prince ton U. . . . . . . . . 7
U. of Hawaii . . . . . . . . l
Providence College . . . l
Hiram College . . . . . . . 2
Queen s College . . . . . . l
Hol y Cross ... . .. .. .,_,. 2
Quincy College . . . . . . I
R adcl iffe College . . . . . 2
Hood College . . . . . . . . l
R a ndolph-Macon . . . . I
Hope College . . . . . . . . l
U. of Rochester . . . . . . l
Howard U niversity . . . 5
Rockford College . . . . l
Hunter College . . . . . . I
Roosevelt U.
3
Illinois College . . . . . . 1
R osary College . . . . . . l
Illinois State U. . . . . . l
St. John 's College . . . . I
U. of Illinois
75
St. Kieran's . . . . . . . . . I
Illinois Wesleyan U. . . l
St. Louis U. . . . . . . . . . 4
Indiana State U. . . . . . 2
St. Mary of Lake . . . . . I
Indian a U niversity . . . 7
1
St. Norbert College
Iowa State U .
I
St. Olaf College . . . . . . 1
U. of Iowa . . . . . . . . . . 2
San Diego State . . . . . 2
J amestown College . . . l
San Francisco State
l
J o hn Carroll . . . . . . . . 1
U. of Santa Clara . . . . l
Johns Hopkins . . . . . . 3
Sarah Lawrence
I
Kalamazoo College . . . 4
Shimer College . . . . . . l
Kenyon College . . . . . 4
Smith College . . . . .
4
Knox College . . . . . . . . 8
Stanford University . . l
Lake Forest College . . 3
State U . of N. Y. . . . . l
Lawrence Un iversity. . 3
Stetson U nivers ity . . . 1
Lemoyne College . . . . l
Stout Sta te U. . . . . . . . 1
Loras College . . . . . . . 2
Syracuse University
2
U. of Louisville . . . . . 1
U. of Texas . . . . . . . . . l
Loyola (Chicago) . . . . 16
Trinity College
2
Marquette U. . . . . . . . 4
Tufts U niversity . . . . . l
U. of Maryland . . . . . . I
Tulane U niversity . . . 6
U. of Massachusetts . . 3
U. S. Military Acad... l
Miami U nive rsity . . . . 8
I
U. of Utah . .
M ichigan Sta te
6
U. of Michigan . . . . . . 8
Vanderbilt U.
4
U . of Missouri . . . . . . . 3
U. of Virgini a
U. of Wash ington
Monmouth College ..
Washington a nd
Mt. Holyoke College
l
U. of Neb raska . . . ..
J efferson College
Washington U . .. ... . 8
U . of Nevada
Wayne Sta te U . .... . . l
Newcombe College .. .
Wesleyan University . . 2
New York University . . l
Western Illinois . . .. . l
U. of No rth Carolina. l
Western Michigan .. . l
No rth Dakota State .. 1
Wheaton College ... . 3
North Park College .. 1
Wilberforce U ..... . . I
Northern Illinois .... 6
William and Mary . . . l
Northwestern . . . . . . . . 62
Williams College . . . . 2
No tre D ame . .. ..... . 20
Wittenberg U.
l
Oberlin College .... . 3
U . of W isconsin ..... 13
Ohio State U .... ... . 5
Yale University . . . . . . 6
Ohio University . . .. . 3
Ohio Wesleyan .... . . I

95

�IN DEX
Abbott Hall, 13, 20
Academic regulations, 53
Admission, 71
application fee, 72, 77
application for, 71 -73
graduate study, 86
pre-legal study, 74
transfer, 73
tuition deposit, 73 , 77
visits to the school, 73
when to apply, 73
Alumni, 89
Application fee , 72, 77
Attendance, 53
Buildings, 14
Calendar, 5
Classes, 24
Classrooms, 15
Colleges and universities represented, 95
Combined degree programs, 32, 33
Corporate Counsel Institute, 61
Course descriptions, 37
Cours&lt;l of instruction, 23
Course load, 34
Courses, required , 33
Criminal law internships, 62
Curriculum, 35 ; three-year , 31
Data assembly service, 72
Degrees, first, 56; graduate, Si
Enrollment limited, 34
Examinations, 53
Expenses, 76, 88
Facilities, 20
Faculty, 6, 25
Fees, 76, 77, 88
Fellowships, 86
Financial assistance, 79
Graduate study in law, 86
Graduation requirements , 33
Grants, 79
Health service, 22
Honor Code, 68
Honors and prizes, 53
Housing, 20
International legal studies, 88

Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology a11d
Police Science, 66
Julius H . Miner Moot Court
Competition, 67
Junior Bar Association, 67
96

Law Alumni Association, 93
officers and directors, 94
Law and Social Sciences, 33
Law Review, 65
Law School Admission Test, 72, 74
Law Wives , 69
Legal Assistance Clinic, 28, 49, 61
Legal writing skills, 29
Library, 16; funds, 19
Linthicum Foundation Program , 60
Loans, 85
Medical service, 22
Methods of instruction, 25
case method, 26
legal writing skills, 29
practice courses, 28
problem method , 27
seminars, 29
Senior Research Program, 30, 36
M.M.-J .D. combined program , 32
Moot court, 67

North western University Law Review, 65
Officers, Faculty and Staff, 6-9
Order of the Coif, 53
Ph.D .-J.D. combined program, 33
Placement, 89
Pre-legal study, 74
Publica tions, 65
Rebates, 78
Refunds, 77
Research assistantships, 69
Rosenthal Lectures, 57
Schedule, typical, 24
Scholarships, 79
Seminars, 29, 36
Senior Research Program, 30, 36
Sociolegal studies, 33
Student activities, 63
Student deposit account, 78
Student government, 67
Student residence, 20
Supplemental programs, .~7
Corporate Counsel Institute, 61
Criminal law internships, 62
Linthicum Foundation Program, 60
Rosenthal Lectures, 57
Voluntary legal services, 61
Transfer students, 73
Tuition, 76, 77, 88
Voluntary legal services, 61
Withdrawal, 77

�13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

2

EAST CHESTNUT STREET

A

B

C

H

13

12

11

10

9

7

8

6

5

3

2

NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Campus
1. Abbott Hall (Residence)
2. Chicago Wesley Memorial
Hospital
3. Heating Plant
4. Levy Mayer Hall
(Law School)
5. McCormick Hall
(Law School)
6. Montgomery Ward
Memorial Building
(Dental and Medical
Schools)
7. Morton Medical Research
Building (Medical School)
8. Passavant Memorial
Hospital (Patterson
Memorial Building)

F2
D8
G3
D4
E5

D6
E7
F7

9. Rehabilitation Institute
10. Searl e Building
(Medical School)
11. Thorne Hail
12. Veterans Administration
Research Hospital
13. Wieboldt Hall (Evening
Di visions and Graduate
School of Management)

L4
E6
E3
H6
E5

Future Proposed Sites
14. Women's Hospital and
Maternity Center
of Chicago
15. Rehabilitation Institute

F6
F4

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                  <text>For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. </text>
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                  <text>1874-1991?</text>
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                <text>&lt;div class="hide"&gt;The School of Law, 1971-1972&lt;/div&gt;</text>
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1971-1972</text>
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                <text>THE SCHOOL OF LAW THE SCHOOL OF LAW THE ACADEMIC YEAR NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Chicago Illinois Law School Lake Michigan Loop CONTENTS Where Write Calendar Officers Faculty Staff Law Study Northwestern School Course Instruction Life School Admission School Tuition Fees Expenses Financial Aid Graduate Study Admission Fellowships School Its Alumni Register Colleges Universities Index Map Chicago Campus WHERE TO WRITE Address Law School Northwestern University School Law East Chicago Chicago Illinois Additionally Law School Office Admissions Admission J D Applications Requests Recommendations Financial J D Registrar Admission Summer School Requests Law School Program Law Social Sciences Applicants J D Ph D Mrs Mae Clair Program Law Social Sciences Committee Graduate Studies Admission J D Graduate Placement Service Placement Law Alumni Association Alumni Manager Abbott Hall North Lake Shore Drive Chicago Illinois CALENDAR SCHEDULES AND HOURS OFFICERS FACULTY AN D STAFF UNIVERSITY OFFICERS RoscoE MILLER ROBERT STROTZ PAYSON WILD WILLIAM KERR ARTHUR ScHMEHLING ROBERT LAWSON JOHN FIELDS RAYMOND MACK WALTER OWEN WILLIAM BRADFORD DoNALD DEFORD HARRY L WELLS LAW SCHOOL OFFICERS JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN NORMAN GARLAND IGoR KAvAss EDWARD PALMER FACULTY JoHN BECKSTROM ROBERT BENNETT WILLIAM CHAMBERLIN ROBERT CHILDRES ANTHONY D'AMATO KARL DE ScHWEINITZ THOMAS EOVALDI NORMAN GARLAND STEVEN GOLDMAN IRVING GORDON JAMES HADDAD HAROLD HAVIGHURST JOHN H EINZ JoRDAN JAY HILLMAN FRED !NBAU IGoR KAvAss VANCE N KIRBY GARY LASER Clinical Education BRUNSON MAcCHESNEY WILLIAM McGOVERN JR NATHANIEL NATHANSON ALEXANDER NEKAM DAWN CLARK NETSCH JOHN O'BYRNE JAMES RAHL HARRY REESE JOHN RITCHIE WILLIAM RoALFE VICTOR ROSENBLUM DAVIDS R UDER DANIEL M SCHUYLER KuRT SCHWERIN FRANCIS SPALDING THOMAS ToDD Center Urban Affairs LAWRENCE WAGGONER JoN WALTZ LECTURERS ZEAMORE ADER MARVIN ASPEN PAUL J BOHANNAN WILLIAM BRACKETT WILLIAM BRADY JAMES BRONNER GEORGE BURDITT ROBERT HANLEY HENRY KENOE HoN OTTO KERNER JoHN LuNGMUS BEVERLY PATTISHALL JEROME ROBERTS HoN WALTER SCHAEFER HoN JosEPH SCHNEIDER HAROLD SHAPIRO JAMES SPROWL MERRILLS THOMPSON TIMOTHY TILTON TEACHING ASSOCIATE W REDDISH THEODORE BECKER MARILYN J BLUTMAN DIANE CRAWFORD ROBERT FIELD RAYMOND FYLSTRA JUDITH KUHN JAMES MARTIN WILLIAM G MCMASTER JR PETER MEYERS WAYNE PETERSON JUDITH WOLF ALLAN ZACKLER DAWN CLARK NETSCH University Law Review JAMES HADDAD Criminology Police Science MARVIN WOLFGANG Criminology Police Science ORDWAY HILTON Criminology Police Science MARIE CHRISTIANSEN HARRIET CHRISTIANSEN SusAN MITTLEMAN CAROL BENZ MARILYN CoHN DIANA DENISON GAIL EARLEY MARCIA GUTHRIDGE JUDITH HAGGENJOS JOAN JACKSON GENEVIEVE JOHNSON HELEN KuPROK DoNA LAKETEK AMELIA LASHOK BERNICE LE BEAU SARAH MINGO WENDY NixoN KRYSTYNA OBUCHOWICZ FRANK PLAZA ELIZABETH SIMON MARLYS SPERGER BETTY THEISEN KRISTIN TowNER HOPE TUCKER RICHARD WIECZOREK ELEANOR WILLIAMS BONNIE H WINN LIBRARY STAFF IGOR KAVASS ELAINE TEIGLER MARTA 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II Equity Restitution Damages Evidence Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation Federal Jurisdiction Insurance Law Intellectual Property International Law Labor Law Law Racism Law Social Change Legal Assistance Clinic Real Estate Acquisition Disposition Scientific Evidence Securities Regulation State Local Government Trial Practice SEMINARS OFFERED TO SECOND AND THIRD YEAR STUDENTS Seminars * First Semester African Law Antitrust Law Policy Civil Liberties* Computers Law Criminal Appellate Advocacy Criminal Law Current Problems* Economic Development Political Modernization Law Estate Planning Food Drug Law International Business Transactions Law Ecology Global Environment Ordinance Violations Problems State Local Taxation Tax Policy SENIOR RESEARCH PROGRAM Second Semester Advanced Problems Constitutional Law Advanced Problems Securities R Comparative Law Criminal Evidence Economic Analysis Public Policy Estate Planning Fiduciary Administration* Jurisprudence * Law Criminology* Law Psychiatry Problems Taxation Business Income Real Estate Development Senior Research Program Interested General Office School COURSE DESCRIPTIONS FIRST YEAR COURSES CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Course Second Semester MESSRS D'AMATo NATHANSON Lockhart Kamisar Choper Constitutional Law Mr D'Amato Barrett Bruton Honnold Constitutional Law Cases Niaterials Mr Nathanson CONTRACTS Course First Semester MR BENNETT Study Statute Frauds Contractual Attention Uniform Commercial Code Materials CONTRACTS Course First Semester MR CHILDRES An Specific Statute Frauds Parts Article Two Uniform Commercial Code Tentative Drafts R Law Contracts Materials CRIMINAL LAW Course First Semester MESSRS HEINZ INBAU Concepts Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Justice Vol INTRODUCTION TO THE LEGAL PROCESS Course First Semester MESSRS EovALDI TODD An Materials LEGAL PROFESSION Course Second Semester MR SPALDING An Among Materials MOOT COURT Course First MESSRS HEINZ KAVASS SPALDING Second Semesters R EDDISH ASSISTANTS IN INSTRUCTION Two ' Frequent Assistant Instruction Teaching Associate Supreme Court Northwestern Emphasis PROPERTY Course First Semester MESSRS GORDON SCHUYLER Introduction Historical Shelley' Casner Leach Cases Text Property SALES AND SECURED TRANSACTIONS Course Second Semester MESSRS GARLAND GORDON Performance Extensive @ Federal Bankruptcy Act Farnsworth Honnold Commercial Law Cases Materials Uniform Commercial Code Official Text Comments Mr Gordon Mr Garland TORTS Course First Semester MESSRS RAHL RosENBLUM Protection Green Pedrick Rahl Thode Hawkins Smith Cases Torts Mr R Mr Rosenblum Continued TORTS II Course Second Semester MESSRS RosENBLUM SPALDING See Torts Materials SECOND AND THIRD YEAR COURSES AND SEMINARS Seminars * ACCOUNTING Course First Semester MR BRADY Principles Amory Hardee Materials Accounting Faris Accounting Lawyers ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Course First Semester MR NATHANSON Jaffe Nathanson Administrative Law Cases Materials ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THE REGULATION OF BROADCASTING Course Second Semester MR BENNETT An Federal Communications Commission Initial Administrative Law Materials ADMIRALTY Course Second Semester MR MAcCHESNEY General Jurisdiction Healy Currie Cases Admiralty ADVANCED BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS PARTNERSHIPS Course First Semester MR SHAPIRO Analysis Use Development Materials ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Seminar Second Semester MR GORDON Supreme Court Preference So Supreme Court Each ADVANCED PROBLEMS IN SECURITIES REGULATION Seminar Second Semester MR R UDER Intensive S E C Rule IOb Study Materials AFRICAN LAW Seminar First Semester MR NEKAM An African Western Problems Jaw Jaw ANTITR UST LAW Course First Semester Second Semester MRS NETSCH MR RAHL Federal Jaw Jaw Bowie Rostow Bork Cases Government Regulation B R Cases Materials Antitrust Law ANTITRUST LAW AND POLICY Seminar First Semester MR RAHL Advanced Prerequisite Antitrust Law BUSINESS PLANNING Course Second Semester MR SHAPIRO Advanced Examination 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Laws Mr Nekam CONSUMER PROTECTION CREDIT SALES AND POVERTY Seminar NoT OFFERED IN An CORPORA TIO NS Course First Semester MESSRS GOLDMAN RUDER Consideration Securities Exchange Commission Cary Cases Materials Corporations CRIMINAL APPELLATE ADVOCACY Seminar First Semester MR HADDAD Mimeographed CRIMINAL EVIDENCE Seminar Second Semester MR BRONNER An Mimeographed CRIMINAL LAW ADMINISTRATION Course Second Semester MESSRS HADDAD INBAU Inbau Thompson Sowle Cases Comments Criminal Just Vol II CRIMINAL LAW CURRENT PROBLEMS Seminar* First Semester MESSRS HADDAD lNBAU DEBTOR CREDITOR RELATIONS Course First Semester MR EOVALDI Federal Bankruptcy Act Special Materials DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS Course First Semester MESSRS RITCHIE WAGGONER Intestate Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts Mr Ritchie Mr Waggoner DECEDENTS' ESTATES AND TRUSTS II Course Second Semester MESSRS Sc UYLER WAGGONER Charitable Prerequisite Decedents' Estates Trusts Ritchie Alford Effland Cases Materials Decedents' Estates Trusts Mr Schuyler Mr Waggoner ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND PUBLIC POLICY Seminar Second Semester MR DE SCHWEINITZ Economic Materials ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT POLITICAL MODERNIZATION AND THE LAW Seminar First Semester MR DE ScttWEINITZ Materials ENVIRONMENTAL LAW Course First Semester MR D'AMATO Problem Emphasis Mimeographed EQUITY RESTITUTION AND DAMAGES Course Second Semester MR CHILDRES Childres Equity Restitution Damages Cases Materials ESTATE PLANNING Seminar First Semester Second Semester MR KIRBY MR WAGGONER ' Practical Prerequisites Federal Estate Gift Taxation Federal Income Taxation EVIDENCE Course First Semester Second Semester MR GARLAND MR WALTZ Louisell Kaplan \ Valtz Cases Materials Evidence FAMILY LAW Course First Semester MR NEKAM Paulsen Wadlington Goebel Cases Materials Domestic R FEDERAL ESTATE AND GIFT TAXATION Course First Semester Second Semester MR KIRBY MR O'BYRNE An Federal Income Taxation Estate Planning Pedrick Kirby Problems Materials 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Degree Program LAW ECOLOGY AND THE GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT Seminar First Semester MR D'AMATO Demographic Limited International Law THE LAW OF THE COMMON MARKET Seminar NOT OFFERED IN Common Market Treaty Term Stein Hay Cases Materials Law Institutions Atlantic Area LEGAL ASSISTANCE CLINIC Course First Second Semesters MESSRS KENOE LASER Tooo Twelve Northwestern Legal Assistance Clinic Program Classroo· Training Jaw Classroom Most Rule Rules Supreme Court Illinois State OpeR Legal Clinic Legal Clinic Students Enrollment Materials LEGAL HISTORY Course NOT OFFERED IN • Consideration Mimeographed ORDINANCE VIOLA TIO NS PROBLEMS Seminar First Semester MR ASPEN An Mimeographed PROBLEMS IN TAXATION OF BUSINESS INCOME Seminar Second Semester MR KIRBY An An Prerequisite Federal Income Taxation PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CONTROL OF LAND USE Course First Semester MR SPALDING These Mimeographed REAL EST TE ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION Course Second Semester MR GOLDMAN An Materials REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT 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