Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::seek($index) should either be compatible with SeekableIterator::seek(int $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 123

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 82

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 104

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 93

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 166

Deprecated: Return type of CsvImport_RowIterator::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/CsvImport/models/CsvImport/RowIterator.php on line 55

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property HideElementsPlugin::$_settings is deprecated in /home/plrccoll/public_html/plugins/HideElements/HideElementsPlugin.php on line 58
11 10 118 https://plrccollections.org/files/original/efadbdecddc528cc26d58015df3ac560.pdf 6e0ca7f6d3b818d18b6668c7ba6e4aba PDF Text Text SERIES IV AUGUST-OCTOBER, 1905 NUMBER II NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EV AN STON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY :•i: . , Evanston-Chicago The University comprises the following departments of instruction, each having a distinct Faculty: THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS, in Evanston, Founded in 1851, opened in 1855. THE MEDICAL SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 1859. THE LAW SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 1859. THE SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, in Chicago, Founded in 1886. THE DENTAL SCHOOL, in Chicago, Founded in 188?'. THE SCHOOL OF MUSIC, in Evanston, Organized in 1895. The following non-degree-conferring departments are maintained by the University: THE ACADEMY, at Evanston, Established in 1860. GRAND PRAIRIE SEMINARY, at Onarga, Illinois, Founded in 1863. THE ELGIN ACADEMY, at Elgin, Illinois, Chartered in 1839, opened in 1856. Garrett Biblical Institute, a theological school authorized by its charter to confer degrees in divinity, is established on its own foundation and under separate management. The buildings of the Institute are on the University campus in Evanston, and the school is in close co-operation with the University. The Norwegian Danish Theological School in Evanston is affiliated with the Institute. The Swedish Theological Seminary is an independent school located on the University campus in Evanston. The Cumnock School of Oratory is conducted on the University campus in Evanston. The Interstate School of Correspondence in Chicago is affiliated with the University, its certificates in academic courses being accepted at their face value toward meeting the entrance requirements in any department. �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF NO. 2, SERIES IV . .AUGUST-OCTOBER, 1905. I. Page. Chronicles of the Law School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1. Change in Faculty ......... ... . . ................. 3 2. Library Items.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3. International Law Prize Fund . . ........ . . .... ... . 3 4. Annual Banquet of the Alumni Association June 15. 5. Commencement Exercises June 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. list of Addresses in the Course on Legal Tactics for 1905-1906 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Legal Advice Clubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. 3 4 7 9 Address on The Acquisition and Retention of a Clientage by Frank Asbury Johnson, Esq., President of the Chicago Bar Association 1903-1904 .. ....... . ............. 10 MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Copyright 1905, by Northwestern University. Entered at the Post-office at Chicago, Ill., as Second-class matter. ��I. CHRONICLES OF THE LAW SCHOOL. 1. Ohange in Facult'>}. Professor Charles Cheney Hyde has resigned from the courses in Commercial Paper and Carriers and these subjects have been assigned to Professor Louis M. Greeley in addition to the courses in Conveyancing and Mortgages hitherto conducted by him. Professor Greeley will remove his office to the Law School and may be found there continuously after S'eptember 25th. 2. l.,ibrary Items. Through a ·generous cash donation by one of its graduates the School has been enabled to materially increase the library during the summer. The additions will be chiefly in English and American Reports and will include duplicate sets of Illinois Supreme and Appellate Reports and United States Supreme Court Reports. Nearly one thousand bound volumes have been added to the Gary Library of Continental Jurisprudence. A representative of the Law School is visiting and investigating the law libraries of Northern Europe with a view of determining further additions necessary to complete the Gary Collection, and in pursuit of such information as will be valuable in building up the Law School Library in general. 3. International Law Prize Fund. Through Professor Hyde the sum of $700.00 has been donated to the School, the income to be awarded as a prize, every two years, for an essay on some subject of Public International Law. 4. Annual Banquet of the Alumni Association. The Annual Banquet of the Alumni Association was held in the Assembly Room of Northwestern University Building on the evening of June 8, the first time in the history of the School that this function has b·een held in a University building. A reception in the Law School quarters preceded the serving of the dinner, at which Thomas M. Hoyne, Esq., President of the Association, presided. After the dinner had been served, interesting speeches were delivered by President Hoyne, '66; Hon. Edgar B. Tolman, '82, counsel for the corporation of Chicago; Hon. George A. Dupuy, '82, Judge of the Superior Court of Cook County; Hon. Robert E. Pendarvis, '87, chairman of the Chicago Charter Legis- 3 �4 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. lation Committee of the Forty-seventh General Assembly; Dr . Thomas F. Holgate, Acting President of the University; Richard Lee Boggs, Esq., '05, and Hon. Oliver H. Horton, '63. The Nominating Committee reported the following nominations and the ticket as reported was unanimously elected: President, Thomas J. Holmes, '85. First Vice-President, Robert E. Pendarvis, '87. Second Vice-President, James R. Mann, '81. Third Vice-President, James B. Rockafellow, '75. Fourth Vice-President, Alvin H. Culver, '95. Secretary, Jerome J. Cermak, '02. Treasurer, Otto R Barnett, '88. 5. Commencement Exercises. The forty-seventh annual Commencement exercises of the University were held at the Auditorium, Chicago, on Thursday, June 15. The Commencement address was given by Bishop Wm. F. McDowell. The total number of degrees conferred was as follows: Master of Arts, Science, or Letters, 22; Bachelor of Arts, Science, or Letters, 117; Doctors of Medicine, 144; Bachelors of Laws, 56; Pharmaceutical Graduates and Chemists, 110; Doctors of Dental Surgery, 215; Graduates in Music, 5. One student from the Law School, Otto Gustaf Ryden, received a Master's Degree, and 8 students from the Law School-Max Murdock, Elmer Francis Blu, Fred Landin McKinney, Albert Henry Nash, Frank Oscar Smith, Horace Greeley S-mith, George Marsden Stevens, and Royal Andrew Willson, received a Bachelors' Degree from the College of Liberal Arts. The Cal-laghan Prize, for the highest scholarship throughout the entire law course, was awarded to Rex Mackenzie. The Towle Prizes for proficiency in public speaking were awarded as follows: First prize, William Harrison Haight; second prize, Charles Edward Swanson. The Mitchell Davis Follansbee Prize for the best thesis on the subject of "Legal Ethics," was awarded to Norris Burt Cline. The names of the recipients of the degree of Bachelor of Laws are as follows: Banning, Walker. Bartlett, Josiah Caief, A. B., Harvard University. Barnes, George Cuyler. Bell, Eugene Wllitman, B. S., Northwestern University. Boggs, Richard Lee. �CHRONICLES OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Barnham, Frederic, A. B., Yale University. Casebeer, Arthur Josiah. Coman, Warren Eugene, Kansas Normal College. Capron, Clyde, A. B., University of Illinois. Clark, Robert Burns. Cline, Norris Burt. Combs, Ben. Dillard, Jesse Richard, A. B., Livingstone College. Dobbins, David Cleveland. Eggert, Alfred Robert. Eppstein, Aaron Rudolph, University of Chicago. Ewen, Wm. R. T., Jr. Fifer, Ernest Reynolds, B. S. , Northern Indiana Normal College. Freeark, Frederick Aaron, A. R., Harva.l'il TTnivPrsity. French, Howard Preston. Fulton, Louis Reginald, A. B. , Knox College. Herman, Charles Jacob. Howser, Roy Elrod, Simpson College. Kagy, David Dudley, B. A., Findlay College. Lewis, Harry Che·s ter. Lighthall, Henry Schuyler. Linker, Myer. Ludolph, Clarence A. Lynde, Cornelius, A. B., Williams College. Mackenzie, Rex, A. R., PrincP.ton TTniv<'rsi t y. Martin, Harry Alvin. Meusel, Oscar Moretz. Muller, Bernard Peter, LL. B., Northern Indiana Law School. Murdock, Max, A. B., Northwestern University. Oldfield, William A., A. R., NorthwP.stPl·n TrnivP.rsity. Otjen, William John. Osborn, Harold Sayre, A. B., Williams College. 5 �6 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Ott, John Nash, A. B., AmbPrst CollPgP. Penhallow, Arthur Lincoln, A. B., Harvard University. Perrill, George Andrew, R. S .. Kansas WP.slP.yan TJnivP.rsitv. Potter, Delos Demont, Kansas College. Quitman, Walter. Robinson, Charles Henry. Rosenblum, Harry Moses. Ryden, Otto Gustaf, Pb. B., NortbwP.stPrn TJniversity. Sadler, Monte Hanauer. Sargent, Jean Feni. Schmitt, Felix Harold. Scheiner, Frank Henry, Pb. B., Northwestern University. Schultis, Charles Rooney, A. B., St. Francis Solanus College. Stratton, Frank Stephen. Strickland, Amos Aaron. Stowe, Herman Wilmer, B. S., Northwestern University. Waltmire, George, UJSiversity of Ohio. Ward, Charles Ambrose. Webb, Samuel Edwin. �II. LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEGAL TACTICS FOR 1905-06. (Fourth Annual Series.) All addresses are given on Monday evenings, in Hurd Hall of the Law School, third floor, Northwestern University Building, Lake and Dearborn streets, and begin promptly at eight o'clock. All persons interested in the practice of the law are invited to attend the lectures. No fee is charged. Oct. 9. A cquisition and Retention of a Olientage. Frank J . Loesch, Esq. (of the firm of Loesch Brothers & Howell, Counsel for the Pennsylvania Railroad). Oct. 16. The Practice Acts of Illinois. Keene H . Addington, Esq. (Joint Editor of Jones & Addington's Supplement to Starr & Curtis Annotated Statutes of Illinois). Oct. 23. Municipal Contracts and Securities . Chester B. Masslich, Esq. (Attorney for Farson, Leach & Co.). Oct. 30. The Work of a General Attorney for a Corporation or Business House. James C. McMath, Esq. (General Attorney for the International Harvester Co.). Nov. 6. Railroad Litigation. Robert J. Cary, Esq. (of the firm of Glennon, Cary, & Walker, Attorneys for the Lake Shore Railway). Nov. 13. P ersonal Injury Practice. Andrew J. Hirsch!, Esq. (of the firm of Rosenthal, Kurz & Hirsch!). Nov. 20. Appellate Court Practice. Edwin W. Moore, Esq. Nov. 27. Drawing Judicial Decrees. Geo. A. Carpenter, Esq. (of the firm of Pence & Carpenter). Dec. 4. Practice Under Board of Trade and Stock Exchange Rules. George P. Merrick, Esq. (ol:' the firm of Merrick & Ramsay). Dec. 11. Preparat ion of a Case for Trial. Edwin M. t..shcraft, Esq. (President of the Chicago Bar Association 19011902). 7 �BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. 8 Dec. 18. Dec. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Jan. Feb. Feb. Feb. Feb. Mar. Mar. Mar. Mar. Theodore K. Long, Esq. ( General Counsel for the Illinois Life Insurance Company). 25. (Christmas Recess. No Address.) 1. (Christmas Recess. No Address.) 8. Abstracts of Title and Conveyancing Practice. Abram M. Pence, Esq. ( of the firm of Pence & Carpenter). 15. Banking and Trust Company Practice. William S. Miller, Esq. (Attorney for the Northern Trust Company.) 22. Methods of Keeping and Using Public Records. Abel Davis, Esq. (County Recorder for Cook County). 29. Ways and Manners of Judges. Edward M. Winston, Esq. 5. Federal Practice. Charles B. Keeler, Esq. (Assistant General Solicitor Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway) . 12. Practice Before Masters in Chancery. Victor M. Elting, Esq. (Master in Chancery, Superior Court). 19. Practice Before Police Magistrates. John R. Caverly, Esq. (Chicago City Police Magistrate). 26. Practice Under the Federal Customs Laws. William Brace, Esq. ( of the firm of Defrees, Brace & Ritter). 5. Bankruptcy Practice. Frank L. Wean, Esq. (Referee in Bankruptcy for the Federal Court). 12. Prosecution Uncler Municipal Orclinances. George H. Kriete, Esq. (Assistant Prosecuting Attorney for Chicago). 19. The RevisecZ City Cocle of Chicago. Roswell B. Mason, Esq. (Compiler Revised Chicago Code). 26 . Practice Uncler the New Municipal Court A.ct. Hiram T. Gilbert, Esq. Life and Benefit Insurance. �III. LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. Alumni of the School are invited to send in statements of facts of live cases in their office on which a brief will be submitted by members of the Senior Class working under the direction of an instructor. Facts should be submitted as far ahead of the date on which the brief is desired as possible. The course is designed to give practical training to the students, credit is allowed as for class-room courses, and it is believed that the results will be of increasing value to the Alumni; but to accomplish this students should be given ample time to work up their briefs since they are obliged while doing so, to keep up their regular studies in the school. The Law School opens September 25th and the Senior Class will be organized for work in this course by October 1st. Case statements should be addressed to the Secretary of the Law School and should be made up as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Na11i e ancl Class. Office Adclress. Date of Sending. Last Date for Desirecl Answer. Statement of Facts. Precise Kind of Advice Desirecl. (ALL CASE STATEMENTS SHOULD BE FORWARDED IN TRIPLICATE.) 9 �IV. THE ACQUISITION AN D RETENTION OF A CLIENT AGE. BY FRANK ASBURY JOHNSON, ESQ., (P.resident of the Chicago Bar Association 1903-04.) An address delivered in Booth I-Iall, JJ[onday, October 21, 1904, in the coui·se on Legal Tactics. When your Dean invited me to address you upon the topic of the Acquisition and Retention of a Clientage, I admitted to him, in writing, that I knew nothing concerning the acquisition of clients, as those I have had during the past thirty-three years sim· ply came to me, or were sent by friends or by other clients. I do not now recall that I ever acquired one myself; but I do remember that one gentleman rode with me on an Illinois Central train several times each week for about five years, and finally inquired in what business I was engaged! A matter admitted does not usually require proof, buts another instance may be mentioned. My better half, who has lived with me over thirty years, and in Chicago, was stopped upon the street on her way to my office, by a woman who inquired whether she knew a reliable lawyer in Chicago, and she promptly replied that she knew several, and immediately glanced at signs on opposite office windows and said: "There is Mr. Blank's office. I am acquainted with him, and he is a reliable lawyer." When she entered my office the familiar cases of books recalled to her the fact that her husband was engaged in the practice of law. It was not deemed advisable to inquire whether she deemed him reliable. The subject as framed might include a consideration of the means sometimes employed in Chicago for the acquisition of clients, by advertising in newspapers, by employing agents to hover about police stations to learn promptly of accidents by which personal injuries are sustained, to follow the injured to 10 �ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENTAGE. 11 hospitals-called ambulance-chasing- and to secure the execution of contracts for the institution and prosecution of suits for the recovery of damages, upon contingent fees,-by contracts made with physicians and surgeons whereby they become agents for attorneys in such cases, as well as valuable witnesses in relation to the nature and extent of the injuries sustained by the patient and client, and also the practice of investigating suits brought each day, obtaining the names and addresses of defendants, writing to them and tendering services. Many clients are obtained in the manner indicated, but all such means are r egarded as grossly unprofessional, and are mentioned only to be avoided. What the subject really involves is consideration of the proper and professional means by which clients may be acquired, and th en how they may be retained; and it may be safely predicted that the proper course pursued to acquire clients will at the same time greatly aid in retaining them. Clients are all human beings. Some manage what are sometimes called soulless corporations. But we deal with men and women, and therefore the first essential is acquaintance, and that should be constantly extended. This acquaintance with people may properly be acquired by membership in clubs, college fraternities, churches, bar associations, political organizations, local organizations for civic improvement, and by taking an active part in all effective movements for better local government and administration-in brief, by becoming an earnest and active American citizen in the broadest sense, a champion of good government and honest administration, and not a mere selfish hunter for clients and fees. One must first become a good citizen before he becomes a good law yer worthy of clientage; for upon the bar must the people rely for good and constitutional legislation, and for proper administration of the law. By correspondence or otherwise, keep up your acquaintance with your early school and college mates, whether or not they were your personal friends , and inform them of your location and vocation. Cultivate assiduously a retentive m ~mory of faces and names, so that, when you again meet a person to whom you have once been introduced, you will promptly recognize him and address him by name. The acquisition of this power is of supreme importance, and it is so rare that it will give you an inestimable advatage. The one so addressed regards it a personal compliment, and also as evidence of your strength of mind, and of your personal interest in hin as an individual man among multi- �12 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. tudes. It will also create in him an interest in you. No one accomplishment, in my opinion, will contribute so largely to your success in extending acquaintance, and in acquisition of clients. Perhaps you may be best aided by some suggestions as to the scope and range of the profession in the affairs of life and your duties towards clients. The law has ever been classed as one of the learned professions, and in that connection the mind at once includes scientists, physicians, linguists, and clergymen, and we readily mark the ordinary boundaries of the life of each class; but one is bold who will attempt to define, or even conceive of, the range a conscientious lawyer must take during his professional life. Astonishing, but I believe true, is the proposition that there is nothing in the arts, trades and sciences, or that relates to human character, action or affairs, that a lawyer can afford not to know. It may be stated that there is nothing of good or of evil that he can afford not to know, as, knowing the evil, he is better prepared for combat. In the ordinary course of a long practice a lawyer is practically sure of being able to use, in some way, all the knowledge he has ever acquired, and above all others the profession and practice of law calls for universal knowledge. The minister prepares his sermon in the quiet and seclusion of his study, delivers it to a congregation of those who listen only and can not question any theories or propositions advanced; the physician passes his life in chambers and hospitals ministering to the sick and dying as best he may; and the scientist usually confines his efforts in narrow, though important, fields of human activity. Who would have the temerity to fix the bounds of the work of a lawyer? He is frequently required to avail himself of the knowledge of the physician, the surgeon, and the scientist, and apply that knowledge to the affairs of his clients. In one case he must have an extensive knowledge of the human anatomy and the nerve system, in another of the effects of certain medicines, in another of the operation of machinery, in others of architecture, the consecutive steps in building construction, of the customs of trade, of means of ·transportation, and sources of supply. As the representative of a manufacturing company he should become as familiar with its resources, its methods and course of business, as the manager-become, in fact, an assistant manager. A lawyer's vocation is not one in which kid gloves, a monocle, and twirling cane are appropriate indicia, but is rather one in which he has acquired, or should acquire, as much as possible of the practical knowledge each particular client has in relation to �ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENT AGE. 13 the business in which he is engaged. Expel the idea that to be professional you must indicate ignorance of mechanics, or of matters generally known by mechanical workers; instead, endeavor to learn all each client knows about his own business; and then learn more than he knows, and aid him by your superior knowledge. A Yankee lawyer who can not successfully use mechanical tools has lost an important part of his birthright. When you are retained in a case for a mechanic's lien, become familiar with the plans, specifications and contract, with the meaning of all the technical terms used, the orderly course of construction, the times for the necesary delivery of materials,- in brief, become a builder, and in every case, as nearly as possible, acquire a thorough practical knowledge of the matters involved; and always remember that the evidence is the most important part of a record. The proper drawing out and presentation of the evidence requires this practical knowledge. An illustrative instance may be given. Upon my arrival in Chicago in the fall of 1869, I became a clerk of a firm of wealthy lawyers, one of whom was building several houses. A painting contractor brought in a bill for about $1,500 for extra work and material involved in a change in specifications from graining to white polish finish of certain rooms. I heard discussions, and later, the unwilling decision to pay the bill, and I then informed my employer that I had some practical knowledge of the matter, and obtained the contract, specifications and bill, and made an estimate of work and material required by the contract, step by step, and then in like manner for the work actually done and materials used. A few days afterward the contractor again called and was sent into my room, when I went over the work again, obtaining his assent at each step, and both arrived at the inevitable conclusion that the work done was worth about $250 less than the work specified in the contract, and that he had been overpaid that amount. In the event of a suit, a successful cross-examination would have required the practical knowledge used in making that settlement. You may safely follow the example of th e venerable white-haired judge who now ranks all others in this state in length of service, in his wide practical, as well as technical, knowledge, and his habits of observation. Whenever he sees a machine or article new to him he will stop, investigate and learn all about its use and construction, and it has rarely happened that he has been obliged to ask explanations by a mechanical or other expert witness. Your clients are entitled to aemana of you thorough prepara- �14 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. tion. For the trial of a cause this involves a most careful examination into the facts as they will probably be established by evidence, then the statute, if any, applying to the particular facts, and, lastly, of the common law and decisions of the courts in similar cases. This order of procedure in making preliminary investi- gations is deliberately stated. The ascertainment of facts and the legal means of establishing those facts is of primary and controlling importance, as only to ascertain facts is the law applied. Here the interests of the client and the attorney's duty toward the court require most careful and extensive investigation and briefing of authorities, that all the law upon the particular point involved may be presented to the court. Your clients are entitled to the application of all your time, your best thought, and the exercise of all your powers. The law is a jealous mistress, and clients are jealous masters, and rightfully. By this statement a large field of action is covered. It involves the fact that you can not successfully carry on the practice of law, and at the same time have your mind employed in business or speculative schemes for making money. When the mind is held to the affairs of clients entrusted to you, new points and views unfold to you in a startling manner, in all your wakeful hours, and under unaccountable circumstances. Flashes of light seem to break in upon sensitized films of the mind, to clearly record and fix your newest thought, and to print them for filing in the cabinet of memory. WheR you drop the client's burdens which you have assumed, enter the field of money-making, and invest your savings in speculative enterprises, you rob your clients of your thought and time, which belong to them, and may con· tinue oR that course until you rob them of their money. Flight from the country and the suicide's grave are the natural results of departure from your clear duties. Over the door of every temple of justice should be carved the motto: "Abandon hope of wealth, all ye who enter here." To the statement that clients are entitled to the exercise of ,all your powers, it may be added that they are entitled to have those powers maintained at their highest point of efficiency, The practice of law in many respects resembles the life of a commanding soldier. It is a life of continual contest and preparation for contest. It demands that the body be kept in the most vigorous con· dition to endure the nervous strain of work through many days, and late into successive nights. The boundaries between days and nights, week-days and Sundays, must at times be lost in the allabsorbing contests. There are many battles of Liaoyang in the �ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENTAGE. 15 practice of law in which endurance is tested to its limits. In these contests, dissipated weaklings drop by the wayside, and the tireless succeed in command. To perform his full duty toward his clients, the lawyer must keep his body in perfect condition by proper physical exercise and good personal habits. An addled brain and a weak stomach, resulting from a night of debauch, brand him as a traitor to his clients, as surely as a self-inflicted disabling wound by the soldier during battle marks him a traitor to his country. To maintain the best physical and mental condi· tion it is necesary to avoid other bars and to confine yourself to appearance before the bars of the courts. At the present time there is no difficulty in Chicago in distinguishing one from the other,-though up to a few years ago, when masses congregated before the bars of our courts with hats in hand and lighted cigars between their fingers, a mistake might easily have been made. That your clients may have your best service you must so manage your private affairs as to be free from any anxiety and care. This requires that you avoid indebtedness, live within your income, and save something each year. They are also entitled to Upon the re· ceipt of money for them, Immediately terminate the trust arising from that situation by making delivery to the owner, together with your bill . With every client have a definite agreement as to your rate of compensation for services, and render frequent statements. Frequent settlements make long friends. An ideal course of practice would eliminate the subject of compensation; yet few men of wealth have the energy required to carry on a successful practice. The work is done by those who must require compensation, and adequate compensation is the danger point-a rock on which there are many wrecks. More than fifty per cent. of the complaints made to a committee of the Chicago Bar Association, charging unprofessional conduct, have their base in contentions relating to the value of services rendered. By definite agreement you will avoid this danger, and will be free to devote all of your thought to the work of your clients, and to consider only their interests. When possible, it is important to hava frequent consulations with your clients, and to keep them fully informed of the work you are doing, of what you regard as the pivotal point in a case. and of the results of your investigation of the law. In that way they will learn the nature of the service you perform, the care and thought you bestow, the preparation you must make before the prompt service performed in a business-like way. �16 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. first gun is fired in the opening battle. Clients so informed are not likely to contest your charges. They remain your friends , and advertise your merits. Ninety-five out of every hundred disputes as to adequate compensation arise out of an inadequate conception of the labor performed and the time necessarily consumed. In some cases it is necessary to insist that your client shall join in your daily work and share in the responsibility. I recall one of that kind in which an officer of a corporation was my attendant in the taking of a large number of depositions, in every preliminary proceeding In court, and during the entire hearing In court. He also studied with intelligent care the lengthy brief and argument prepared, and knew the necessity for, and the nature of, the work done each day. Through him my final bill was promptly paid, and I was then presented with a check for a handsome bonus. Another suggestion is that you rely upon hard and continuous work, and not on oratory. The intelligence of American citizens has reached a stage of development where they can calmly consider the facts and the law applicable to those facts, and can not be swayed by finely rounded periods. They take such displays as Fourth of July pyrotechnics, and are simply entertained. The legal career of this oratorical display-lawyer is not unlike that of the rocket. He rises rapidly with great noise and display, then explodes and disappears. There is no calling in life in which "good horse sense" is in better demand and in which modesty is more appropriate. If the Jaw can be regarded as an exact science, the practice and application of Jaw can not be regarded as productive of certain result. We know definitely the law applicable to a particular state of facts when the highest court of appeal has affirmed a judgment or decree, and has denied a petition for rehearing. Duties to your clients and to the courts require that you be diligent and exact-diligent in your search for authorities and exact in your statement to the court of what they contain; and here we meet the most severe test to which a lawyer is subjected. The judge is presumed to know the law. As a fact we know that he can not know all the law applicable to all of the cases heard by him, and a most important part of our duty to clients and the court is to gather and present to the court the authorities on which we rely. There are times when these duties seem to conflict. You have examined the decisions apparently both for and against the legal theory for which you contend, and it develops upon argument that your adversary has been negligent and is ill �ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENTAGE. 17 prepared. To your knowledge there are decisions which he should present, but of which he is not informed. You may argue, in your own mind, that you were employed to ascertain the law on your side of the case, and that it was the duty of your adversary to learn and present the conflicting authorities, and that by doing what he should have done you are helping your adversary to the injury of your own client. You then, on the contrary, reflect on your duty to the court to aid the court in ascertaining the law. Yet it is but a seeming conflict of duties. Your clear duty, both to your client and the court, is to present to the court the apparently conflicting decisions, that all may be considered and a correct decision reached. A litigant is entitled only to what the law allows, and your highest duty is to earnestly aid in the administration of the law as it exists. Another test comes when you have found a section in a clerk-made text-book which states the law exactly as you want it to be, and states it with all the confidence of inexperience and ignorance. Caution has led you to examine with care the cases cited, and you have ascertained that they do not sustain the text. Can you properly present that section to the court as established law, and leave it to your adversary to demonstrate that it is not sustained? There can be but one answer to this question. Your clear duty is to call the attention of the court to the section, state that you have carefully examined the ·citations, and that, in your opinion, they do not sustain the section in the broad and comprehensive language used. This recalls a personal experience of ancient date, when the present law of corporations was in comparative infancy. The bill was based upon a judgment against a corporation, and it was sought to charge stockholders with unpaid subscriptions for stock, and to charge purchasers with amounts unpaid upon their stock. A large number of solicitors represented thl various uefendants, many of them, probably, without adequate compensation. As usual, one took the lead upon argument before the master, and presented a section from a text-book then recently constructed according to plans and specifications, which so stated the law as to make a complete defense. In reply, an analysis of each of the dozen or more cases cited was made, and it appeared that no one of them sustained the text and many of them announced an opposite conculsion. Eternal diligence is the price of success. It is equally important that in your statements to the court, as well as in all other matters, you be exact, and that you state all that is necessary to be known. Judges soon learn upon whom they can safely rely for comprehensive and accurate statements of �18 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. the facts involved ·in decided cases, and of the language used in op1mons. Never argue a view, construction, or application of law which you do not believe to be sound. You are before the bar not only as the representative of your client, but also to aid the court in arriving at a just conclusion in pursuance of law, and the judge appreciates far better than your client the results of your industry. Repeated demonstrations of such service will lead him to mention you in favorable terms, and you may look in vain for better influences. After a few years of practice before a particular judge, he can take your measure in diligence, · accuracy of statement, honesty, and fairness, better than all your clients and friends; and if you have not acquired his good opionion it should be a matter for profound introspection. Remember at all times that interests of clients, and not your own, are the matters to be considered, and when your investigation has resulted in grave doubts of the merits of a case or defense, advise, and even urge, a compromise on a reasonable basis. The limitless range of your work will involve the consideration of unpleasant domestic relations, and places you in a position where the happiness or misery of many lives will depend upon your wise and unselfish action. Years of observation of court proceedings will tend to lead you to the conclusion that there is narrow application for the injuction: "Whom God hath joined together, let no man put asunder." As only the unhappy ones consult you, the tendency of your study of domestic life is more likely to lead yo1,1 to the conclusion that marriage is a purely civil contract, to be continued so long as it seems desirable, and for which the contracting parties only are responsible. Here your legal acquirements are of little avail. Your client first needs you in your capacity as his, or her, best friend. The first and controlling thought must be how you can bring about harmony between them, and enable them to live out a happy married life. All your knowledge of human nature, of the trying times in married life, and of the unhappiness arising from the destruction of homes, should be applied with your utmost skill. No good lawyer e,el' derived satisfaction in reflecting upon divorces he has secured,- · nor a greater joy than in thinking of families continuing to live happily by means of his interposition. You have ·also some affirmative duties devolving upon you. After a few years of practice you will have learned much of human nature, of covetousness, of clever schemes to defraud, of which ordinary clients have no conception. The position of the true law- �ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF' A CLIENTAGE. 19 yer makes him, in a large sense, the guardian of the estates or his clients, and makes it his duty to warn them of danger of loss which they do not suspect but he can clearly forsee. In' !act, many need to be protected against themselves in their desire to add rapidly to their possessions by purchasing mining, oil, and other stocks promising large dividends. A practicing attorney in a large city learns more in a few months of the preconceived fraudulent character of corporations organized for the purpose of selling stocks than the average client learns in a lifetime. In fact, the organizers frequently seek the professional aid of attorneys of good standing to give an appearance of respectability to their business, and in the course of time you will have opportunity to decline to serve in rendering such aid. A most important feature of your professional lives will be your relations to fellow members of the bar. In those relations modesty is appropriate, perfect confidence is generally merited, and hearty good will and brotherhood should be, and generally is, the rule of conduct. Let your conduct be such that your word is as good as your bond with unquestioned security, Make stipulations in writing, to avoid misunderstanding. When made by parol, take care that they are understood; and then faithfully perfrom. It is believed there is no other class of people in the world in which such implicit confidence is mutually bestowed by parol agreements. It is hardly necessary to observe that a lawyer should at all times and places be a gentleman in the best sense of the word. Clients are best served by gentle, manly conduct, even in heated contests, and courts are best aided. Let the general verdict upon you be "A gentleman and a good lawyer." It is practically certain that in any particular instance a good lawyer will gradually develop a special aptitude for, and interest in, some particular line of practice, as the trial of jurycases, or the presentation or defense of chancery cases, between which there is a difference so wide as to frequently prod~ce a perceptible effect upon moral character. It is one of the many glorious features of a lawyer's life that he may not only pursue a branch of practice in which he finds special delight, but that such practice naturally comes to him as an indirect result of special efforts. To the people it may well he said of lawyers: By their works shall ye know them. To you who are about to start in practice it may be said : By your work shall you become known. The subject assigned for this evening was : The acquisition and retention of clientage. The practice of law is a vocation which demands the highest �20 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. possible degree of confidence on the part of clients in the diligence, skill, learning, vigilance, devotion, honesty and unselfishness of their attorneys. It is a vocation in which that confidence is worthily bestowed. I would, therefore, say: Acquire clients by meriting and gaining that confidence from each one with whom you have dealings. Retain them by so conducting yourselves as to continue to merit that confidence. �DIRECTORY The special announcements of the several departments of th,i University may be had on applications addressed as follows: COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ABTS, The Registrar, University Hall, Evanston, Ill. MEDICAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago. LAW SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY, The Dean, Northwestern University Bldg,, Chicago. DENTAL SCHOOL, The Secretary, Northwestern University Bldg., Chicago. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, The Secretary, Music Hall, Evanston, Ill. For Information concerning the non-degree conferring departments, address THE ACADEMY, Evanston, Ill. PROF, ABTHUB H . WILDE, PH. D., Acting Principal. GRAND PBAIBIE SEMINARY, Onarga, Ill., R.Ev. FRANK G. BARNES, D. D., President. ELGIN ACADEMY, Elgin, Ill., MB. GEORGE E. SLEIGHT, A. B., Principal. For Information concerning the Theological Schools, address as follows: GABBETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE, REV. CHARLES J . LITTLE, LL. D., President. NORWEGIAN-DANISH SEMINARY, REV. NELS E. SIMONSEN, D. D., Principal. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL, REV. ALBERT ERICSON, D. D., President. For information concerning the School of Oratory, address PROF. ROBERT L. CUMNOCK, L. H. D., Director, Evanston, Ill. The Interstate School of Correspondence is located in the Studebaker Building, 378-388 Wabash Avenue, Chicago. �" (ii 1' � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series IV, Number 2 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1905 August-October Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1905 August-October Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES IV AUGUST OCTOBER NUMBER II NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO EV AN STON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED LAW OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY • .QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF NO. SERIES IV . AUGUST OCTOBER . Page. . Chronicles Law School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Change Faculty ......... ... . . ................. . Library Items.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . International Law Prize Fund . . ........ . . .... ... . . Annual Banquet Alumni Association . . Commencement Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. Addresses Course Legal Tactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Legal Advice Clubs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV. Address Acquisition Retention Clientage Frank Asbury Johnson Esq. President Chicago Bar Association .. ....... . ............. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Copyright Northwestern University. Entered Post Chicago Ill. Second . . CHRONICLES OF THE LAW SCHOOL. . Ohange Facult'>}. Professor Charles Cheney Hyde Commercial Paper Carriers Professor Louis M. Greeley Conveyancing Mortgages . Professor Greeley Law School S' . . . Items. Through · School . English American Reports Illinois Supreme Appellate Reports United States Supreme Court Reports. Nearly Gary Library Continental Jurisprudence. A Law School Northern Europe Gary Collection Law School Library . . International Law Prize Fund. Through Professor Hyde $ . School Public International Law. . Annual Banquet Alumni Association. Annual Banquet Alumni Association Assembly Room Northwestern University Building School · University . A Law School Thomas M. Hoyne Esq. President Association . After President Hoyne ' Hon. Edgar B. Tolman ' Chicago Hon. George A. Dupuy ' Judge Superior Court Cook County Hon. Robert E. Pendarvis ' Chicago Charter Legis BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Committee Forty General Assembly Dr. Thomas F. Holgate Acting President University Richard Lee Boggs Esq. ' Hon. Oliver H. Horton ' . Nominating Committee President Thomas J. Holmes ' . First Vice President Robert E. Pendarvis ' . Second Vice President James R. Mann ' . Third Vice President James B. Rockafellow ' . Fourth Vice President Alvin H. Culver ' . Secretary Jerome J. Cermak ' . Treasurer Otto R Barnett ' . . Commencement Exercises. Commencement University Auditorium Chicago . Commencement Bishop Wm. F. McDowell. Master Arts Science Letters Bachelor Arts Science Letters Doctors Medicine Bachelors Laws Pharmaceutical Graduates Chemists Doctors Dental Surgery Graduates Music . One Law School Otto Gustaf Ryden Master' Degree Law School Max Murdock Elmer Francis Blu Fred Landin McKinney Albert Henry Nash Frank Oscar Smith Horace Greeley S George Marsden Stevens Royal Andrew Willson Bachelors' Degree College Liberal Arts. Cal Prize Rex Mackenzie. Towle Prizes First William Harrison Haight Charles Edward Swanson. Mitchell Davis Follansbee Prize "Legal Ethics " Norris Burt Cline. Bachelor Laws Banning Walker. Bartlett Josiah Caief A. B. Harvard University. Barnes George Cuyler. Bell Eugene Wllitman B. S. Northwestern University. Boggs Richard Lee. CHRONICLES OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Barnham Frederic A. B. Yale University. Casebeer Arthur Josiah. Coman Warren Eugene Kansas Normal College. Capron Clyde A. B. University Illinois. Clark Robert Burns. Cline Norris Burt. Combs Ben. Dillard Jesse Richard A. B. Livingstone College. Dobbins David Cleveland. Eggert Alfred Robert. Eppstein Aaron Rudolph University Chicago. Ewen Wm. R. T. Jr. Fifer Ernest Reynolds B. S. Northern Indiana Normal College. Freeark Frederick Aaron A. R. Harva. ' TTnivPrsity. French Howard Preston. Fulton Louis Reginald A. B. Knox College. Herman Charles Jacob. Howser Roy Elrod Simpson College. Kagy David Dudley B. A. Findlay College. Lewis Harry Che· . Lighthall Henry Schuyler. Linker Myer. Ludolph Clarence A. Lynde Cornelius A. B. Williams College. Mackenzie Rex A. R. PrincP. TTniv<' . Martin Harry Alvin. Meusel Oscar Moretz. Muller Bernard Peter LL. B. Northern Indiana Law School. Murdock Max A. B. Northwestern University. Oldfield William A. A. R. NorthwP.stPl· TrnivP. . Otjen William John. Osborn Harold Sayre A. B. Williams College. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Ott John Nash A. B. AmbPrst CollPgP. Penhallow Arthur Lincoln A. B. Harvard University. Perrill George Andrew R. S .. Kansas WP.slP. TJnivP. . Potter Delos Demont Kansas College. Quitman Walter. Robinson Charles Henry. Rosenblum Harry Moses. Ryden Otto Gustaf Sadler Monte Hanauer. Sargent Jean Feni. Schmitt Felix Harold. Scheiner Frank Henry Pb. B. Northwestern University. Schultis Charles Rooney A. B. St. Francis Solanus College. Stratton Frank Stephen. Strickland Amos Aaron. Stowe Herman Wilmer B. S. Northwestern University. Waltmire George University Ohio. Ward Charles Ambrose. Webb Samuel Edwin. II. LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEGAL TACTICS FOR . (Fourth Annual Series.) All Hurd Hall Law School Northwestern University Building Lake Dearborn ' . All . No . Oct. . A Retention Olientage. Frank J . Loesch Esq. ( Loesch Brothers & Howell Counsel Pennsylvania Railroad). Oct. . Practice Acts Illinois. Keene H . Addington Esq. (Joint Editor Jones & Addington' Supplement Starr & Curtis Annotated Statutes Illinois). Oct. . Municipal Contracts Securities . Chester B. Masslich Esq. (Attorney Farson Leach & Co.). Oct. . Work General Attorney Corporation Business House. James C. McMath Esq. (General Attorney International Harvester Co.). Nov. . Railroad Litigation. Robert J. Cary Esq. ( Glennon Cary & Walker Attorneys Lake Shore Railway). Nov. . P Injury Practice. Andrew J. Hirsch! Esq. ( Rosenthal Kurz & Hirsch!). Nov. . Appellate Court Practice. Edwin W. Moore Esq. Nov. . Drawing Judicial Decrees. Geo. A. Carpenter Esq. ( Pence & Carpenter). Dec. . Practice Under Board Trade Stock Exchange Rules. George P. Merrick Esq. ( ' Merrick & Ramsay). Dec. . Preparat Case Trial. Edwin M. .. Esq. (President Chicago Bar Association ). BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Dec. . Life Benefit Insurance. Theodore K. Long Esq. ( General Counsel Illinois Life Insurance Company). Dec. . (Christmas Recess. No Address.) Jan. . (Christmas Recess. No Address.) Jan. . Abstracts Title Conveyancing Practice. Abram M. Pence Esq. ( Pence & Carpenter). Jan. . Banking Trust Company Practice. William S. Miller Esq. (Attorney Northern Trust Company.) Jan. . Methods Keeping Using Public Records. Abel Davis Esq. (County Recorder Cook County). Jan. . Ways Manners Judges. Edward M. Winston Esq. Feb. . Federal Practice. Charles B. Keeler Esq. (Assistant General Solicitor Chicago Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway) . Feb. . Practice Before Masters Chancery. Victor M. Elting Esq. (Master Chancery Superior Court). Feb. . Practice Before Police Magistrates. John R. Caverly Esq. (Chicago City Police Magistrate). Feb. . Practice Under Federal Customs Laws. William Brace Esq. ( Defrees Brace & Ritter). Mar. . Bankruptcy Practice. Frank L. Wean Esq. (Referee Bankruptcy Federal Court). Mar. . Prosecution Uncler Municipal Orclinances. George H. Kriete Esq. (Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Chicago). Mar. . RevisecZ City Cocle Chicago. Roswell B. Mason Esq. (Compiler Revised Chicago Code). Mar. . Practice Uncler New Municipal Court A. . Hiram T. Gilbert Esq. III. LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. Alumni School Senior Class . Facts . Alumni . Law School Senior Class . Case Secretary Law School . Na Class. . Office Adclress. . Date Sending. . Last Date Desirecl Answer. . Statement Facts. . Precise Kind Advice Desirecl. (ALL CASE STATEMENTS SHOULD BE FORWARDED IN TRIPLICATE.) IV. THE ACQUISITION AN D RETENTION OF A CLIENT AGE. BY FRANK ASBURY JOHNSON ESQ. (P. Chicago Bar Association .) An Booth Iall JJ[ · Legal Tactics. Dean Acquisition Retention Clientage · . Illinois Central ! A . My Chicago Chicago "There Mr. Blank' . ." . . Chicago ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENTAGE. . Many . . Clients . Some . . American . One . By . Cultivate ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF A CLIENT AGE. Chicago . A https://plrccollections.org/files/original/1987caa7c07f33bccfb090845d019152.pdf 6bb1cbe861c8252b41d33835303a59f8 PDF Text Text SERIES II FEBRUARY-APRIL, 1904 NUMBER 4 N·oRTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN LAKE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDING DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J. James, Ph.D., LL, D., President Northwestern University consists of seven dep artments or schools. Four of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or n ear the center of the city of Chicago. The other three (College of Liberal Arts, Music, and the Academy). are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, immediately adjoining the city on the north. Th e College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about three miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leading to Bachelor's degree in Languages and Literature (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, L atin, Greek, Hebrew); Mathematics (college and advanced); Science (Astronomy, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geology); History (ancient, mediaeval, and modern); Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other subjects appropriate to a modern college. Numerous graduate courses are also offered leading to the degree of A.M. 1 and in a few su bjects to th at of Ph.D. Special advantages are offered to the graduates of this college in the professional schools of the University. For further inlormation, address College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, Illinois, II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine, The hospital and clinical facilities are especially good . This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, adoption of longer annual courses, and the graded curriculum. It ranks fourth in attendance among University Medical Schools in the United States. For further information, address Northwestern University Medical School, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago. III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the degree of Bachelor o( Laws. Special facilitie s are provided for a th orough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordi'llary needs of the student, including over t en thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago L aw Institute Library provides an additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to giving them that knowledge of !~J~:~ ~i;{h!1'e~i!inmU'rii~~~~~; L awF~~icfu~~l~ ei~f~~~i~foag,ie Northwestern University Building, Chicaao, Law School, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The course includes instruction in general Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analytical Ph armaceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assaying, Bacteriology, and Sanitary Analysis. It ranks first in attendance among University Schools of Pharmacy in this country. For further information, address Northwestern University School of Pharmacy , Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW" (U N ION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUND ED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTER N UNIVERSITY ��QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW • CONTENTS OF I. PRELIMINARY No. 4, CATALOGUE CONTINENTAL LAW, II. SELECTION THE SERIES AND LEGAL MILLS, ESQ. ' OF II. THE FEBRUARY, G ARY 1904. COLLECTION OF 5 • MANAGEMENT TACTICS Page OF A COURSE , JU RY: BY AN ADDRESS IN LUTHER LAFLIN • Entered at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, as second-class mail matter. 35 ��!.-PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAW. PREFATORY NOTE. 1. The origin, scope and purpose of the Collection have already been described in this QUARTERLY BULLETIN for August, 1903. Briefly: (a) It has been acquired, during the past year, by means of a sum of money given for the purpose by Hon. Elbert H. Gary, LL. B. '67, formerly of Chicago, and now of New York. (b) Its scope includes the codes, statutes, judicial decisions, leading law journals, and a selection of legal treatises, for the entire continent of Europe. Twenty-one independent countries, with their dependencies, are represented: Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey. It now numbers some 6,000 volumes. (c) Its purpose is, mainly, to provide material s to an extent not hitherto found in this country, for ascertaining the ex1stmg law of any European country as affecting the rights and duties of persons Jiving here and having interests there. Secondly, it aims to provide the student of the history of Anglo-American law with the results of modern continental research in the history of the parent law of the Germanic peoples. Thirdly, it aims to assist the study of comparative legislation, by furnishing the chief texts and other materials for comparison. Other aims it has; but they must be left to the futur e to develop. 2. The so·11rces of information for compiling the list have been various. Intelligent information on so great a variety of systems and languages has been Jess easily found than might be supposed. A foundation list (chiefly for France and Germany) was compiled by the staff of M. Martinus Nijhoff, publisher (the Hague and New York), of whose cosmopolitan skill an acknowledgement is gratefully made. Muhlbrecht's Wegweiser and his annual Bibliographie der Staats imd R echtswissenschaften were carefully searched. Other printed lists of European publishers and legal libraries were consulted. Various professors in European universities, from Finland to Servia, helped to fill gaps in the list. The foreign consuls in Chicago, and their legal advisers, gave valuable suggestions. The Greek list, prepared for M. Nijhoff in Greece, was revised by Mr. Vlackos, a graduate of the Law School of the University of Athens (now a student in 5 �6 GARY COLLECTION this School.) In these and other ways every effort has been made to render the list of titles adequate. Nevertheless, a few gaps still remain, though not for long, it is hoped. 3. This catalogue is preliminary only. It is printed in order to make the collection available without further delay to those whom it would serve. No attempt has been made to give full catalogue entries of the titles. There are doubtless numerous errors, due not to the printer, but to the lack of time to prepare the catalogue more carefully; for these errors, it is hoped that the excuse is sufficient. A few of the works listed have not arrived at this time of printing. Many of the serial entries (journals of law and collections of decisions) are not completed to date, partly because they were ordered early in 1903, and partly because the special sets purchased were not complete to that <late. The work of listing and ordering the necessary continuations can not well be done except for the collection as a whole, and the very recent arrival of many of the sets has as yet left no opportunity for this. A number of pamphlet treatises and essays, the gift of European professors of law, remain also to be entered. The School will be grateful for suggestions, from any quarter, of further titles which ought to be added. 4. The privilege of using the Collection is granted as follows : (a) Any member of the Chicago bar may consult the collection in person, on payment of the usual fee authorized by the Board of Trustees for persons otl'ier than students of the School, namely, $4 annually, or, for alumni of the School, $2 annually. (b) Any member of the bar oittside of Chicago, or any other person desiring legal advice upon a foreign Jaw, may write to the School, stating his case or his question of law; the communication will then be handed for reply to some local legal adviser, having the privileges of the Library and recommended by the appropriate consul as skilled in the language concerned, who will consult the Library and return an answer, charging such fee as may be agreed on between himself and the correspondent. For this service the School will charge nothing to either party. (c) Any member of a Faculty of any other University may without charge consult the collection, or, on proper gi,iarantees, borrow particular volumes. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. I. II. 7 AUSTRIA. Codes and Statutes. Die Oesterreichischen Gesetze. 1875-1903, vols. 1-41. Manz'sche Taschenausgabe . Decisions of Courts. Plenarbeschluesse etc. d . Oesterreischischen Ober-GerichtsCassationshofs. 1884-1899, vols. 1-17, with Index . (Continued as Entscheidungen des K. K . Obersten Gerich ts als Cassationshofs, 1900-1902, vols. 1-3.) Entscheidungen d. K ..K . Obersten Gerichthofs in Oesterreichischen Civilsachen. 1887-1902, Vols. 1-10; new series, v ols. 1-2. I II . Journals of Law. [See GERMANY .] IF. Treatises. Durrigl, Oesterr. Recht, mit Beruchsicht der Gesetzgebung in Croatien u. Slavonien, 1899. Duscheness, v. Bjolsky u. Baretta, Oesterreichische Rechtslexicon. 1894-1899, 4 vols. Friedlaender, Oesterreische W echselordnung. 13 Auflage, 1897. Hasenoehrl, Oesterreichisches Obligationrecht. 2 Auflage , 1899, 2 vols. Jirecek, Das Recht in Boehmen und Maehren. 1865. -Codex juris bohemici. 1867-1898. - Digeste des lois slaves. 1880. J olles, Praxis d. Oesterreichischen Verwaltungsgerichtshofs. 2 vols. Luschin-Ebengreuth, Oest erreichische R eichsgeschichte. 1896, 2 vols. Mischler- Ulbrich, Oesterreichisches Staatswoerterbuch. 18941897, 2 vols. Peritch, De la Condition juridique des Bosniaques et des Herzegoviniens en pays etrangers. 1901. Posilovic, Immobiliarrecht in Bosnien und Hercego vina. Schwarz, Oesterreichisches Konkursrecht. 1894-1896 Unger, System des Oest erreichischen Privatrechts. 18921894, vols. I, II , VI. �8 GARY COLLECTION BELGIUM. Codes and Statutes. Pasinomie (Collection complete des lois, decrets, arretes et reglements generaux qui peuvent etre invoques en Belgique, dans l'ordre chronologique.) 1789-1900, with Indexes 1789-1880, 100 vols. Delecourt, Codes belges et lois usuelles en vigueur en Belgique. 13th Ed., 1902. Larcier et Delecourt , Code administratif et politique de la Belgique. II. Decisions of Courts. Pasicrisie Belge (Recueil general de la jurisprudence des cours et tribunaux de Belgique en matiere civile, commerciale, criminelle, de droit public et administratif.lre partie: arrets de la cour de cassation ;-2e partie: arrets des cours'. d' appel ;-3e partie: jugements des tribunaux), 1814-1901, with Indexes 1814-1870, 166 vols. JII. Treatises. Defacoz , Ancien droit belgique. 1846-73. Warnkoenig, Histoire du droit belgique. 1827. -Flandrische Staats-und Rechtsgeschichte. 1835-42. I BULGARIA.* Codes and Statutes. Laws of Bulgaria (in the original), 12 vols. Organisationsstatut Ostrumeliens. Projekt zum Organisationsstatut v. Bulgarien. Protokolle der Const. Nationalversammlung und Constitution. Bulgarisches Strafgesetzbuch. 1897. II. Decisions of Courts. Decisions of the Supreme Court of Bulgaria. 1870-1899. Sammlung von Bulgarischen juridischen Gebrauchen. III. journals of Law. Juridische Revue (Bulgarien) I-XI. IV. Treatises. Pavlotis, Loi comm.erciale bulgare, 1899. Bulgarisches sachliches Recht. Commentar zum Erbfolggesetz . 2 vols. Commentar zum Strafgesetz. 3 vols. l. *Most of this material is in the original. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. 9 Das criminelle und civ. Gerichtsverfahren, nebst Entscheidungen. 3 vols. History of Bulgarian Law. Selveli, Faillissement. DENMARK. I. Codes and Statutes. Almindelig borgerlig Straffelov af 10.2. 1866 ; udg. afO. Damkier. 2. Udg. 1892. Danmarks Riges gennemsete Grundlov af 5.6. 1849 og 28.7. 1866, samt Valgloven, m. m. 1895. Kong Christian Vs danske Lov; udg. af V. St. Secher. 1891. Den Nye Norings-Lov 27. 12. 1857. Lov om Hamdvorks og Fabriksdrift, samt Handel og Bevortning m. Ti!lag 23.5. 1873. 1877. Lov om Konkurs 25.3. 1892. og 15.4. 1877. 1896. Vexelloven af 7.5. 1880; udg. af Wulff. 1880. ll. Decisions of Courts. H6jesteretstidende, udg. af Hojeste rets Protokolsekre tarer. 1857-1902. Schlegel, Samling af H ojesteretsdomme, 1818-1856. 18611864, vols. 1-3. Ipsen og Scharling, Systemat. Oversigt over Hojesteretsdomme i criminelle Sager, 1857-1894. 1876-1895 . P. C. Muller, Oversigt over Hojesteretsdomme i civile Sager, 1866-1901. 1902. Ill. Journals of Law. Lovtidende for Kongeriget Danmark, 1871- 1902. (See also NORWAY). lV. Treatises. Danske Lovlexikon, udg. af E. Hammerich. 1899-1903, Vols. 1-6. Deuntzer, Den danske arveret. 1897. Lassen, Dansk Obligationsret. Matzen, Forlaeseninger over den Danske Retshistorie . 1893-1897, 6 vols. Secher, Fortegnelse over de Danske retslitteratur, 1884-1895. Torp, Dansk Tingeret . (See also NORWAY) . �10 GARY COLLECTION DENMARK (ICELAND). Forordnung angaaende criminalvaessent, skjode, og pantvaesenet, etc ., paa Island, 1832-1850. 9 Parts. Lovsamling for Island (Stephenson , Sigurdson, etc.), 18531889. 21 vols. FRANCE. 1. II. III . Codes and Statutes. Dalloz et Verge, Les Codes Annotes , including the following: Nouveau Code Civil, 4 vols. Code de procedure civil, 1876, with Supplement 1893. Code de Commerce , 1877, with Supplement 1896. Code d'instruction criminelle, 1900. Code penal, 1886, with Supplement 1890. Code Forestier, 1884. Code des lois administratives, 1887-1901, Vols. I, II, III, IV, Part 1-V. Code de l'enregistrement, 1878. [See also DECISIONS, Infra .] Decisions of Courts. Dalloz, Repertoire methodique, 48 vols . -Supplement au Repertoire, 19 vols . -Recueil periodique, 1845-1902, 58 vols. Journal du Palais, 135 vols. Merlin, Repertoire, 1825-1828, 36 vols. Questions de droit, 1828-1830, 16 vols . Indexes , 2 vols. Sirey, Jurisprudence, 1789-1901, with Indexes. Journals of Law. Annuaire de legislation etrangere, 1872-1902, vols. 1-30. Bulletin de la Societe de legislation comparee, vols. 1-27. Nouvelle revue historique de droit, 1877-1900, vols. 1-24. Revue critique de legislation et de jurisprudence, 18511900, vols. 1-50. Revue de droit international et de legislation comparee, 1869-1902, vols. 1- 34. Revue de legislation ancienne et moderne frarn;aise et etrangere, 1870-1876, vols. 1-6. Revue historique de droit frarn;ais et etranger, 1855-1869 , vols. 1-15. Revue trimestrielle de droit civil, 1902-1903, Vols. 1-2. �OF CONTINENTAL LAW. IV. 11 Treatises. Baudry-Lacantiniere, Traite theorique et pratique du droit civil, vols. 1-24. Beaune, Nouveaux fragm ents de droit et d'histoire. 1899. Bensa, Histoire du contrat d'assurance au moyen age. 1897. Bonolis, Les Assurances sur la vie en droit international prive. Brissaud, Manuel d'histoirc du droit frarn;:ais. 1898-1899. Bracher de la Flechere, Philosophie de l'histoire du droit. -Les revolutions du droit, 2 vols. Demolombe, Cours de Code Napoleon. 2d Ed ., 31 vols. 1903. Esmein, Etudes sur !es Contrats. 1883. Esmein, Cours ele.mentaire d'histoire du droit frarn;:ais. 1895. Flach, Les origines de l'ancienne France. 1886- 93. Fournier, Histoire de la science du droit en France. 6 vols. 1892- 1902. Garrand, Droit P enal. Garsonnet, Traite de Procedure. Gavet, Sources de l'histoire des institutions et du droit franvais. 1899. Ginoulhiac, Cours elementaire d'histoire general du droit franvais public et prive. 2me. ed. 1890. Giraud, Essai sur l'histoire du droit franvais, 2 vols. Glasson, Histoire du droit et des institutions politiques etc. de la France. 1887-1903, 8 vols. Guillouard-Cautionnement et Transactions, 2nd Ed . 1895. -Contrat de Louage, 2 vols, 3rd. Ed. 1891. -Contrat de Mariage, 4 vols . 3rd Ed. 1894. --Contrat de Societe 2d Ed. 1892. -Contrats Aleatoires et Mandat, 2nd Ed. 1894. -Nantissement et droit de R etention, 2nd. Ed. 1896. -Prescription, 2 vols. 2nd Ed. 1901. -Pret, Depot et Sequestre, 2nd Ed. 1893. -Privileges et Hypotheques, 4 vols. 2nd Ed. 1897. -Vente et L'Echange, 3rd Ed. 1902. Laferriere, Histoire du droit franvais . 1845-58. Lyon-Caen et Renault, Traite de droit Commercial. 18891902, vols. 1-8. Planiol, Droit civil. 1900. Pouillet, Propriete litteraire. �12 GARY COLLECTION Rehfous, Actes de Societe. -Les Assurances. Tardif, Histoire des sources du droit frangais. 1890. Viollet, Histoire du droit civil francais. 1893. Warnkonig und Stein; Franzosische Staats-und Rechtsgeschichte. 1846- 48. Wodon, La forme et la garantie dans les contracts francs. 1893. FRANCE (ANDORRA). Platon, Du Droit de la famille dan ses rapports avec le regime des biens , en droit Andorran. 1903. I. Codes and Statutes . A. GER.MANY. Imperial Legislation. Burgerliches Gesetzbuch, Entwurf, 2te Lesung. 1895. Bfrrgerliches Gesetzbuch , Bericht der Reichstagscommission, 1896. Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch, Beratung im Reichstag. 1896. Burgerliches Gesetzbuch , Reichstagsvorlage. 1896. Burgerliches Gesetzbuch, Protokolle der Commission f . d . 2te Lesung, 1897-1899, 6 vols, and Index. Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch, Bundesratsvorlage .1899. Handelsgesetzbuch, Stenographische Berichte. 1897. Mugdan, Gesammte Materialen f. d. Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch. 1899-1900, 5 vols . J atzow, Sachregister z. Entwiirf und l\fotiven Biirgerliches Gesetzbuchs. Becher, Die Ausfiihrungsgesetze zmn Burgerliches Gesetzbuch, 1900-1901., 2 vols. and Appendix. Kayser, Die GesammtenReichs-Justiz-Gesetze, 6 aufl. 1901 . Binding, Die Staatsgrundgesetze. 1899. Guttentagsche Smlg. Reichsgesetzen, vols. 1-71. Reichsgesetzblatt. 1900, 1901, 1902. ·wolff' s Sammlung (see Brunswick). Graf Hue de Grais, Handbuch der Gesetzgebung in Preussen u. dem DeutschenReiche, 1901-1903 + .,vols.I, III, 1, IX, XIV, 2, 5, and XV (as published to date). Stoepel, Preussisch-Deutscher Gesetz-Codex. 1806-1900. B. Laws of Particular States. Baden: Bad. Landrecht. 1899. -Polizeistrafrecht (Schlusser). 1897. -Neue Bad. Burgerbuch (Wielandt). 1897. - Bad. Gesetz-Sammlung (Dorner). �OF CONTINENTAL LAW. 13 Bavaria: Ausfohrungsgesetz f. Civilprocess (Habel). 1900. -Bav. Justizgesetz (Schmidt). 1899. -Bav. Polizeistrafgesetzbuch (Standinger). 1899. -Stellung der Auslander (Scherber). 1897. Brunswick: Sammlung d . R eichs-u. Landesgesetze (Wolff). 1900. Hamburg: Sammlung H. Gesetze (Boysen) . 1900. -H. Gesetze (Wulff). 1903. Hesse: H . Gesetze (Best). 1900. -H. Polizeistraffgesetz. 1898. Oldenburg: 0 . Landespri vatrecht (Ruhstrat). 1900 . Prussia: Guttentagsche Sammlung Preussischer Gesetze, vols. 1-34. -Staatsmin. Gese tz Sammlung. 1901- 1902 . -Berlinschcr P olizei-Verordn ungen. 1895. Saxony: General-Repertorium. 1892. -A usfohnmgsgesetz (Arnoldt). 1900. (Grengel). 1901. -J ustizgesetze. - H andbuch der Gendarmerie. 1900. Wu.rtembnrg: L andesgesetze (Gessler). 1900. -Polizeistrafrecht. 1899. Elsass-Lotltringen: E. L. Oeffentliches R echt (Leoni u. Mandel). 1894. -E. L. L andesgesetze (Michaelis), -Sammlung d. in E. L. gelt. Gesetze (Paffraths u . Grossman). 1900-1901, 2 vols. I l. Decision of Courts. Reimer, Wegweiser durch d. Entscheidungen. 1899. Entscheidungen d. Koniglich en Ober verwaltungsgeric hts , vols. 1-36, Ergb. 1-5, with Index to vols. 1-30. J ahrbuch d. Entscheidungen d . Kammergerichts d. nicht_ strafrechtlichen Gerichtsbarkeit u. in Strafsachen, 18811902, vols. 1-23, with indexes . Adler u . Friedlander, Sammlung v. Entscheid. z. Handelsgesetzbuch, 1837-1901, vols. 1-11. Entscheidungen d. D. Reichsgerichts in Strafsachen , vols . 1-34, with index to vols 1-20. Entscheidung d . D . Reichsgerichts in Civilsachen, vols. 1-50, with index to vols. 1-40. E ntscheidungen d . R eichsoberhandelsgerichts, vols. -1-25, with 4 indexes. �14 III. GARY COLLECTION Journals of Law. Annalen d. Deutschen Reichs f. Gesetzgebung, 1868-1891, 3 1 vols. Archiv fiir offentliches Recht, 1886-1902, vols. 1-17. Archiv fiir biirgerliches Recht. 1888-1901. Archiv fiir civilistische Praxis, 90 vols. Deutsche Juristenzeitung, 1896-1902, Jhrg. 1-7. Gerichtssaal, 1849-1901, vols. 1-53. Jahrbiicher fiir Dogmatik (Gerber und Ihering), 1857-1902. Ser. I. vols. 1-12. Ser. II. vols. 1-24. Ser. III. (neue folge) vols. 1-8. Jahrbuch d. internationalen Vereingigung f. vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft. vols. 1-5. Jahrbuch d. internationalen Vereinginung f. Gewerbliches Rechtsgeschiitz. 1898-1900, vols. 1-3. Kritische Vierteljahrschrift fiir Gesetzgebung, 1859-1901, vols. 1-43, with index. Mitteilungen d. Gesellschaft f. vergleichende Rechts- u· Staatswissenschaft zu Berlin. 1895, I. (continued as Vierteljahrsschrift.) Seuffert's Archiv. 1847-1900, vols. 1-55, with indexes. Striethorst, Archiv f. Rechtsfalle der Ober-Tribunal. 18511881, vols. 1-100. Verhandlungen d. Deutschen Juristentages, vols. 1-26, with index and Gesamtbericht. Vierteljahrschrift f. vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft. vol. II. 1896. (continuation of Mitteilungen). Zeitschrift fiir Civilrecht und Prozess. 1828-1865, vols. 120, n. s. 1-22. Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft. 18761901, vols. 1-15. Zeitschrift for privat- u. offentliches Recht. 1874-1902, vols. 1-29. Zeitschrift for biirgerliches Recht. 1900-02, vols. 31-33. (continuation of Zeitschrift f. franz. civilrecht). Zeitschrift for Handelsrecht (Goldschmidt). 1858-1901, vols . 1-51, with Supplements and index. Zeitschrift for franzosisches Civilrecht. 1870-99, vols. 1-30 with index (continued as Zeitschr. f. Biirgerl. Recht etc). Zeitschrift for Rechtsgeschichte. 1861-1880, vols. 1-13, with index; Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung f. Rechtsgeschichte. (German. u. Roman. Abtheilungen).1880-1901, vols. 1-~2. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. IV. 15 Treatises. Abraham, Hanseatische Rechtssprechung. 1900-1901, 2 vols. Alexander, Konkursgesetze aller Lander· 1891. Amira, Grundriss d. germanischen Rechts. 1901, 2 vols. Barre, Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch und Code Civil. 1897. Bechmann, Kauf, vols. I, & II, 1. 1876-1884. Berg, Handbuch d. Polizei-Rechts, 1801-1809. 7 vols. Bernstein, Revision d. Wechselordnung. 1900. Beseler, System des gem . deutschen Privatrechts. 4 aufl. 1885. Bethmann-Hollweg, Civil-µrozess. Binding, Grundriss des deutschen Strafprozessrechts. 4 aufl. 1899. Birkmeyer, Encyclopadie. 1900. Boehm, Handbuch d . intemationalen Nachlassrechts. 2 aufl. 1895. Bornhak, Preussisches Verwaltungsrecht. 1899. Bresslau, Urkundenlehre. 1889, vol. I. Bruck, Die Gegner der Deportation. -Ueber Spiel und Wette. Bruckner, Fideicommiss. 1893. Brunner, Forschungen zur Geschichte des deutschen und franzozischen Rechts. 1894. -Anglo-normannisches Erbfolgesystem. 1869. -Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. 1887-1892, 2 vols. -Der Anteil des deutschen Rechts an der Entwickelung der Universitaten. 1896. -Entstehung der Schwurgerichten. 1872. -Grundziige d. deutschen Rechtsgeschichte. 1901. -Zur Rechtsgeschichte der rom. und german. Urkunden. 1880. Cosack, Lehrbuch des deutschen biirgerlichen Rechts, 3. aufl. 1901, 2 vols. -Lehrbuch des Handelsrechts. 5 aufl. 1900. Dernburg, Biirgerliches Recht des deutschen Reichs und Preussens. 1899-1901, vols.I, 1, 2, II. III. -Lehrbuch d. preussischen Privatrechts. 18941897, 3 vols. Eger, Enteignung d. Grundeigenthums. 1887-1891, 2 Vols. -Eisenbahnrecht. 1896, 2 vols. -Internationales Uebereinkommen iiber Eisenbahnfrachtverkehr. 2 aufl. 1901. Ehrenberg, Versicherungsrecht, I. 1893. �16 GARY COLLECTION Endemann, Handbuch d . Handelsrechts. 1881-1885, 4 vols. -Lehrbuch d. bii.rgerlichen Rechts. 7 aufl. 1899, 3 vols. Ficker, Beitra.ge z. Urkundenlehre. 1873, 2 vols. Finger, Unerlautender iVettbewerb, Kommentar. 1897. Freund, Wechselrecht, I. Friedberg, Formelbuch fur Handelsrecht. 2 aufl., 1901. Frommhold, Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. 1894. Gestel, Waarenbezeichnung. Gierke, Deutches Privatrecht, I. 1895. -Rechtsgeschichte der deutsche Genossenschaft. 1868. Goldschmidt, Handbuch d. Handelsrechts, 3 aufl. I. 1891. -System d. Handelsrechts, 4 aufl .. 1892. Grashof, Wechselrecht d. Araber. 1899. Grawein, Perfection des Accepts. 1876. Grimm, Deutsche Rechtsalterthii.mer, 4 aufl. 1899, 2 vols . Gros, Handbuch v. Untersuchungsrichtern. 3 aufl., 1899. 2 Vols. Grii.nhut, Enteignungsrecht. 1873 . -iVechselrecht. 1897, 2 vols. Handbuch d . deutsch. Konsularwesens. Heusler, Gewere. 1872. -Institutionen. 1883-1885, 2 vols. Heymann, Kommentar zum Burgerlichen Gesetzbuch. Hiestand, Schadenersatzanspruch d. Versicherers. 1897. Holtzendorff, Encyclopa.die der Rechtwissenschaft. 6 aufl. 1902, Parts, 1, 2, 3. Horten, Personalexecution, vols. I, II; l. 1893-1897. Jaeger, Konkurs d. offentlichen Gese llschaft. 1897. Jhering, Besitzwille. 1899. -Civilrechtsfallen. 9 aufl. 1901. -Grund d. Besitzschutzes. 2 aufl., 1860. - J urisprudenz d. ta.glichen Lebens. 11 aufl., 1897. -Kampf im Recht. 13 aufl., 1897. -Scherz und Ernst. 7 aufl., 1898. -Trinkgeld. 3 aufl. 1889. -Vorgeschichte d. Indo-Europaer. 1894. Justi, Grundriss d. Polizeiwissenschaft, 2 aufl. Ka.ubler, Personenstandgesetz. 1900. Katalog des Reichsjustizamt. 1893, 2nd Ed. Kohler, Aus d. deutschen Patent. u. Industrierecht. 18911892, vols. 1-3. -Einfii.hrung i. d. Rechtswissenschaft. 1902. -Handbuch d. deutschen Patentrechts. 1901. -Shakespeare vor dem Forum der J urisprudenz, mi t nachwort. 1883. -Urgeschichte der Ehe. 1897. -Pfandrechtliche Studien. 1887. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. 17 Kuhlenbeck, Urheberrecht. 1901. Lehmann, Recht d. Aktiengesellschaften. 1895. Leonhard, Irrtum. 1872. Liebermann, Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen. 1898-1899, vol. I, Parts, 1, 2. Loewe, Strafprozess-Ordnung ford. deutschen Reich. 1900. Lorsch u. Schroeder, Urkunden zur Geschichte <les deutschen Privatrechts. 2 aufl., 1881, vol. I. Mandry, Civilrechtliches Inhalt d. Reichs-Gesetze. 4 aufl. 1898. Meili , Institutionen d . vergleichenden Rechtswissenschaft. 1898. llfohlbrecht, Wegweiser, II, 1900. · -Uebersicht uber juristische Literatur. 1901-1902. Nussbau, Leitfaden d. freiwilligen Gerichsbarkeit. 1900. Olshausen, Kommentar zu den Strafgesetzen d . deutschen Reichs. 1901, 2 vols. Parisius und Cruger, Genossenschaftrecht. 3 aufl., 1899. -Gesellschaft m. Besschriebter Haftung aufl., 1901. Philler, Grundbuchordnung. 1901. Planck, Burgerliches Gesetzbuch. 1902, 7 vols. -Lehrbuch d. Deutschen Civilprozess. 1896, 2 vols. Posse, Die Lehre von Privaturkunden. 1887. Post, Grundriss d. ethnologischen Jurisprudenz. 2 vols. 1894. Puntschart, Schuldvertrag und Treugelobniss des sachs. Rechts. 1896. Rieser, Grundgedanken i. d . Kodifizirten-Handelsrecht. 1892. Roenne, Baupolizei. 3 aufl., 1872. Roetlisberger, Urrheberrrecht in allen Landern. 2 aufl. 1902. Sarwley, Kommentar zur Konkursordnung f . d. deutschen Reich, 4 aufl., 1900. Schroeder, Lehrbuch d. deutschen Rechtsgeschichte. 4 aufl., 1902. Schaps, Deutsches Seerecht. 1896-1902, Parts 1-6. Schmidt, '\Vaarenzeichenrecht. 1899. Schnitzler, Rechtsverkehr zwischen Deutschland u. d. Ver. Staaten v. Amerika. 2 aufl., 1903. Schulte, Lehrbuch d. Deutschen Reichs- und Rechtsgeschichte. 6 aufl., 1892. Seuffert, Konkursprozessrecht. 1899. Seligsohn, Patentgesetz. 2 aufl. 1901. �18 GARY COLLECTION Siegel, Deutsche R echtsgeschichte. 3 aufl. 1895. Sohm, Recht d. Eheschliessungen. 1875. -Frii.nkisches u. Romisches Recht. 1880. Spaeing, Franz6zisch-Englisches Wechselrecht. 1890. -Franz6sisch-Englisches Handelsrecht. 1890. Staub, Kommentar zur allgemeinen deutschen Wechselordnung. 4 aufl. 1901. -Handelgesetzbuch. 1900, 6 aufl. 2 vols. Stephan und Schmidt, Schutz d. gewerblichen Urheberrechts. 1899. Stintzing, Geschichte d. deutschen Reichswechselrecht, I, II, & III, 1, 2. 1880-1898. Stobbe, Geschichte der deutschen Rechtsquellen. 1860-1864. 2 vols. -Handbuch des deutschen Privatrechts. 3 aufl. 1893-1901, vols. 1-4. Stoelzel, Schulung f. der civilistische Praxis. 1898, 2 vols. -Rechtslehre u. Rechtsrechnung. 1899. Stoerk, Zur Methodik des 6ffentlichen Rechts. -Die Litteratur des internationalen Rechts. -Option und Plebiscit bei Eroberungen und Gebietcessionen. Struckmann und Koch , Civilprozessordnungen . 7 aLtfl. 1900. Thudichum, Geschichte des deutschen Privatrechts. 1894. Wagner, Seerecht. vol. I , 1884. Weber, Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaft im Mittelalter. 1899. v . Zallinger, iVesen und Ursprung des Formalismus im altcleutschen privatrecht. 1898. (See also INTERNATIONAL LAW) . OR.EECE. Codes and Statutes K<u8nm:; xa, Nopo8eaiw ~EA 1J -y t. 0. v v TJ ,..al, Z 71 JI ct>>,. 0 ya. LT O V 0 E O 0. N• o 1T o \I}.. o v . 'Ei\A:ryvtr.:½ Oi. Ot.11:acrn,col. 110µ.ot Noµ.o{huia.. Tij) .EAAtlOe, µ.e-ra Tij) uxEnK.ijS' Noµ.oi\.oyiet5' TolJ 'ApEiov IL:iyou et, T6µ.ov5' T€uuapa,;, µ.erO. r.apa.pn}µ.a.TOS' TWv OtK.acrn1eWv v6µ.wv iK. Olio µ.epWv crvy1<. nµ.€vov . ,ca.I. 11:a.l -roV r.apa.pn]µ.aTo,;, uiw -r<i, Noµt.,ct;; <f,iwv Kat -rWv <lv'TL1Tj.,OO"W1T"\.iv /LE.TO.. OO.,,yc;; Tjj) Ot.KO.O'TtKiji; A,.r,µ.ocriwv ,ca.i. .6.7]µ.0n,cWv irrro.AA~>..wr EE uvµ.rrA11pwµ.tinJv -rWv Oucaun,cWv v6u.wv -rWv Ev Tai:, 011µ.on,ca.i:, €,c>..oya.i:s- inroi/nr ,ca_ , Ot9tl0J'TtKiji; <lpxiJi;-, Kai. -r'f b011ylf -rWv· �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. )1 o µ. rf, 19 p 0.. -r o v ·A v 'T w v i o v _r. Ecloge Leonis et Constantini cum Appendice. € 'EKA.oyl) -rWv vciµwv Ev uvv--rOµ.<:J y€voµ.Evr, ;rapO. Af.ov'TOS' Kai Kwvu-ravn'.vov· Law Journals No pau. fl epwocxu. :\I Tr a A CL v o v, ' Erf,.,.,µepii; Tijs- 'Ei\.\7111(.,cijs ,ca.i. TaA.\.t.,cijs- voµ.oAoyias, 22 vols. 0 Eµ.ts, i{30oµ.a0w. ia OtKacrnKl] E,~·1µ.epi.s iK0,001.Livl) Ayye.i\01rotl.\wv--'A&a.1,0.Twv. lnrO -rl'jv OulJ,'.~vvuw ®· Kai TI. 13 vols. Decisions of Courts Llcxa11nxat 'Arrocpd.11u;; 'I w av vi Oo v N. !l ei.you NoµoAoyias, ll eipo. ~yovv µ.i.1<.pOv Ko.TO. u-rotxei:ov e'Upt:-r~p,011 if 1rpocH-rti.8YJUO.V Ev,axoii Tijc; Toii '.A.pdov Kai. rra.pa.rroµrra.i eis- r:nryypO.µµ.a-ra Noµ.tKci• O..rro,~0.cHS' Eis- rOµ.ovs 7 (A--0) Ka.l. 5 :-01 (::>os A' 7r€ptExov T0s IloA,nKO.S' Kai. 'Eµrrop,KOs -:;o.papT~p.ara• cf> i\ o ya "i To v 0- Aoyl.a.s- 12 vois. i\1 rr a. A ci 1898. Mf.pos 11 o v Kai. Kai. r Ki X p v r:r av & o rr o ti Ao -rl1s- 'EAA.17v1.Kijs voµo• lJ· NoµoA.oyia -roU 'Apeiou fl!lyou t.i.r.O ToU II A' 1reptixov -r½v NoµoA.oyia.v 1IoA.tnK'ij5 t:i..t.Kovoµ.ia'i· ELlpe-r~plOv V· 1835 µ€xp1. -roU bri. -roii Opya.vterµoii -rWv A1.Ka<1"Tl]piwv Ka.i. T~S M€po,; B' r.ept,;xo11 -r¾1, Noµ.ol\.oyiav Erri. -roll 'AunKoU AtKa.iou.- Noµ.oAoyia. -roii 'Apeiou Ilciyov t.i.rrO Toti frov,; T½v voµ.oyo>..iav €rri. -rij,; Ilo/1.1.nKij,; )IJpo,; B.. rrep,ixov"r½v voµoAoyi.av 1835 Oi.Kovoµ.ias, µExpt. -rotl 1900- 1\1€poi;- A' 1rep1.ixov Kai. -r0v 'Opyavt.uµ0v €.ri. Toii 'AernKoU At.Kaiau· -rWv At.KaerTl]piwv. .M €po,; r· rrepti.xov -r½v voµo>..oyiav i1ri. -roll 'E1.1:rroptKotl .itKa.iou . Treatises and Commentaries 'AyyeAO.Kr, Xap .tA ,ciov. crVv Tf; €K{UCT£1. Kvp iw,; ~l-=Afra.t, 1rt:p'i. Tij,; ErrtCT'T~JJ.."IJ'i -roU .i1.otKlJ'TtToU ei..,-_Ka.Lau 1 µ.£1, -rij,; iv ·Eti\A0.01. cru_y:'(P0vw,;_ OE Kai. -rijs iv -C:ep,4.0.vi~ , 'AyyAie:, KJ1'i. ra.AAitt_ i.erxu0Vcrl]5 . v.oµo{hu,.ias• , II a 1r a.pp l7 yo rr o 1.1 Ao u II, r evuca.i. 'Apxa.l. -roii iv 'EAAci01. A1.Kaiou,.'EvoxtK011 AiKa.1.ov ,-6.t.otKl')nK½ JK-r€Aeu,s-,-41opol\.oyia iux _l101,rn~ '.-\ crn KoU €rrt TlJ0EV/.L0.Tw v·-.':: Tpa.nwnK½ K.a l Na.vn,c¾ 1rot11t,cl'J voµ,.o6euia.• •.'EAA11vtKl'J '1'1KKA1]uia.• a A • . KA.11povoµ.t.K0v Cli.K.a.t.011· .. EK0OCTI.S" A'· Ka.,\,\ t y 0. II, ~tlo--r17µa. Pwµ.aLKoii Clt.Kaiou Ka{;' ii €v ' EA.AciOt rroAt.retleTa.t, 1' 1:vtKa'i. K pa er er 'Apxai. -rotl Ilo,hnKoU t.l1.Kaiov Tipa.yµa.n,cOv Al,ca.tov . 'Evo,x1.,c0v AiKa.tov · 0 Oi.Koye1,t:ta.K01,, AiKatov· KA11povoµtK0v AiKo.1..ov. P O.AA17 K ,1. pa T r . A. 'Ep/.LlJllfi a. TOIJ 'EAAlJVI.KOU 'EµrroptKOlJ AtKa.iov• ·1·0µo,; A', .EK0ou,s ii N t Ko A• IIowtK½ .1i,.tK01mµ.ia.- IIot.111.xO,; NOµ?'i · E~rro~tl(.05 ~O~O!._ ,ca.I. 'E,t1ro~uc_0v A;fKa.tOf -rij_ f 'Ei\,,\O.Oos,, r·- TI~,\.tnKY) ; A,tl(qvoµ..,io,:, �20 I. GARY COLLECTION HUNGARY. Codes and Statutes. Corpus Juris Htmgarici, Editio millennaria, ed. l\fartius . 1902, 7 vols. (in. Latin and Hungarian.) (Contents: I-V, Articuli diaetales annorum. 1000-1830. VI, Opus Tripartitum Stephani de Werh6bz. VII Approbatae constitutiones, compilatae constitutiones, et articuli novellares cum carticulis prov isionalibus, 1540-1848). Ungarische Gesetzsammlung. 1868- 1901 (in German and Hungarian). A Magyar K ereskedelmi. Torveny 6szall. Dr. Nagy F. (Commercial Code). Osz magyar bunteto t6rvenyck gyiytemenye 6szeal. Ralas E. (Penal Code) . Darday S ., Kozigazgatasi Torvenytar. 1898, 11 Vols. (Collection of administrative laws). Low, Das ungarische Handelsgesetzbuch. Martinet et Dareste, Code penal Hongroi s , 1885. II. Decisions of Courts. Dontvenytar. A magy. Kir. Curia semitoszeki es legfobb itelozeki os talyainak elvi jelentosegu hatarozatai. 90 vols. in 45, 4 vols. Index. III. J ournals of Law. Jogallam Jog es a llamtudma nizi szemle. Szerkestik, Edv i Illes Karoly, Baumgarten, Nandor, es Gyomal Zsigmond. 1902- 1903, vols. 1-2. (The Law State Monthly) . Jogtudomanyi i Koslony . S7.erk. Dardai S . es Fayer L. 186.5-1900, vols. 1-35. with Index 1866- 1890. (Magazine of Legal Science). Jogtudomanyi szemle. 1889-1890 (all published) . IV. Treatises. Von Timon , A., Ungarische Verf. u . R echtsgeschichte (Schiller's tr.) 2nd Ed ., 1903. • (See also AusTRIA) . I. ITALY. Codes and Statutes. Codici e leggi Regno d' I tali a (Manuali Barbera), 17 vols . (Text with Commentary). �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. 21 Prudhomme, Code civil Italien, promulgue le 25 juin 1865, traduit et annote. 1896. Turrel, Code penal Italien, ler janvier 1890, traduit et annote. 1890. Code de commerce Italien, ler Janvier 1883, traduit et annote. 1892. Nani, Repertorio generale della legislazione (1861-1891). 1893, 4 vols . Nani, Supplement to 1894, 1 vol. Cronaca Legislativa, 1859-1902, vols. 1-44. II. Decisions of Courts. Annali della Giurisprudenza, 1866-1887, vols. 1-21. Monitore dei Tribunale, 1860-1902, vols. 1-43. Ill. journals of Law. Serafini, Archivio Giuridico (complete set to date). IV. Treatises. Brandileone, I1 Contratto di Matrimonio. 1898. Cattaneo, Introduzione allo studio della Scienze Giuridiche. Calisse, Storia del diritto italiano. 1891. Chironi, Trattato dei Privilegi delle Impoteche e del Pegno, 2 vols. Ficker, Forschungen zur Reichs- und Rechtsgeschichte Italiens. La Mantia, Storia della legislazione italiana. 1884. Manzini, L'Evoluzione e lo Stato del Diritto Penale. 1900. Patetta, Ordalie. Fertile, Storia del diritto italiano. 6 vols. 1903. Pacifici-Mazzoni, Codice civile italiano commentato. 1902, 15 vols. Racioppi, Forme di Stato. 1898. -Le Sei Piu Recent1 Costituzioni negli Stati Uniti D'America. 1892. Salvioli, Manuali di storia del diritto italiano. 1890. Schupfer, Manuale di storia del diritto italiano. 1892. LUXEMBOURG. Codes, Statutes and Decisions. Code de Commerce de Luxembourg. Code penal de Luxembourg. Code de l'enseignement de Luxembourg. Relations internationales de Luxemburg. Code civil de Luxembourg. �22 GARY COLLECTION Pasinomie Luxembourgeoise, 1878-1899 (Recueil des Lois, Decrets, Arretes, Reglements generaux et speciaux, et c .. qui peuvent etre invoques dan s le G.r .and Dl!lche de Luxembourg) . Vols. I-V. MONACO. ·Codes and Statutes. Code de procedure civil de Monaco . Collection des lois et ordonnances d e Mon aco . Code penal d e Monaco. Code d'instruction criminelle de Monaco. Code civil de Monaco. Code de Commerce de Monaco. Ordonnance sur les Consulats de l\Ionaco . Rolland , Projet d e R evision du Code de Procedure civil de Monaco. Rolland, Projet de Code de Procedure penale de Monaco . MONTENEGRO. Codes and Statutes. Alimena, Legislazione penale de Montenegro. Bogisic, Code civil general (Texte serbe). Cettinj e, 1888 . Bogisic, Code civil general (French translation by Dareste and Riviere), 1892. Code general des Biens, traduit par Dareste. 1893. Codici civile del Montenegro. Gesetzbuch Daniel I v. Montenegro (original and translation) . Popovic, R echt und Gericht in Montenegro . Vernie, Wichtigkeit d. Montenegr. R echts. I. NETHERLANDS. Codes and Statutes. De Nederlandsche W etboeken, zooals zy tot op 15 No v. 1898. zyn gewyzigd en aangevuld, uitgegeven door J. A. Fruin. 4 de druk. 1898. Ned. Staatswetten (Schuurman), complete set. Oudemans, Nederlandsche Wetboeken, 5 druk. 1897-1900, 5 vols. De Nederlandsche Staatswetten, door Meyer. 1903 , 2 vols. Codes Neerlandais, traduits par Tripels. 1886-1889, 2 vols. in one. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. II. 23 Decisions of Courts. Nederlandsche Regtspraak, vols. 1-177, 1839-1897. Ill. Journals of Law. Themis, vols. 1-61, 1839-1900. IV. Treatises. Fockema-Andreae, Bydragen tot de Nederlandsche R echtsgeschiedenis. 1892-1900, vols. I-IV. Molengraaf, Leidraad bij de Beoefening van het Nederlandsche Handelsrecht. (See also BELGIUM.) · I. II. NOR.WAY. Codes and S tatutes. Mejlaender , Almindelig Norsk Lovsamling, 1660-1885. 2nd Ed. 1885-1887. Faerder, Norsk Lovsamling, 1660- 1901. Decisions of Courts. [See J ournals, infra.] Ill. Journals of Law. Tidsskrift for Retsvidenskab, udg. af Bertyrelsen for d . Stang'ske Stiftelse i Christiania, 1883-1900, Years 1-13. Norsk R et stidende, 1836-1902. IV. Treatises. Amira, Nordgennanisches Obligationsrecht, 1882-1895, 2 vols. Brandt, Forelaesinger over den Norske Retshistorie. 1883. Hagerup , D en Norske Civilprocess . -Panteret . Nordisk R etsencyclopaedi , udg. af Aschoug, Berg, Krieger o. A . 1878- 1899, vols . 1-13. Plato, Norsk Arveret , 1899. Scheel, Aegtefallers, Formuesret. Taranger, Udsigt over den Norske ret shistorie. 1898. (See also DENMARK .) �24 GARY COLLECTION PORTUGAL. I. II. III. Codes and Statutes. Codigo administrativo, approvado por decreto 17 de julho de 1886, Edicao official, seguido de un repertorio alphabetico. 1887. Codigo commercial portuguez, publicao official ordenad o por decreto de 23 de agosto do 1880. Codigo civil portuguez, approvado por carta d e lei d e lde Julho de 1867. Quinta edicao official, 1879. Codigo de processo civil, approvado por carta de lei de 8de November 1876. Cod.igo penal, approvado por decreto de 16de Setembro de 1886. Code civil portuguais du Ier juillet 1867, traduit et annote par G. Laucyrie et Joseph Dubois. 1896. Code de Commerce portuguais de 1888, traduit et annote par Ernest Lehr, 1889. Decisions of Courts. Gazetta de Relacao de Lisboa, 1886-1902, vols. 1-16. Journals of Law. 0 Direito, Revista de Jurisprudencia e Legislacao, director J . Luciano de Castro. vols . 1-34. ROUMANIA. I. II. Codes and Statutes. Codul general al Romaniei, de Hancangiu, 3 vols . (Collection of all laws to 1900.) Code de Commerce Roumain, par Joan Bohl. 1895. Decisions of Courts. Curierul judiciar (Doctrina, jurisprudenta, legislatiune, economie politica, finante), Redactor Ion N. Cesarescu. Bucuresti, 1891-1903, vols , 1-12. III. Journals of Law. (see supra, Decisions.) IV. Treatises. Alexandresco, Droit ancien et moderne de Ia Roumanie. 1897. Blaramberg, Les institutions, les lois, et Ies moeurs de la Roumanie. 1886. Bohl, Le droit commercial roumain. 1897. �OF CONTINENTAL LAW. I. 25 R.USSIA.* Codes and Statutes. (1) Codes of Law of the Russian Empire, Official edition, 1902, 16 vols. (4) A. Borovikovsky, Law of Civil Procedure, with notes of the Decisions of the Civil Cassation Department of the Senate. (3) A. Borovikovsky, Civil Laws (Code of Laws, Vol. 10, part. 1) with Commentary and Notes of the Decisions of the Civil Cassation Department of the Senate. (5) H . S. Taganzoff, Code of Criminal and Corrective Punishment, with Annotations. (6) S. G. Stcheglovistoff, Criminal Procedural Statutes of the Emperor Alexander II, with Commentary and Decisions annotated. Tchernow, Code de Commerce Russe, traduit et annote, sur !'edition officielle de 1893-1898. II. Decisions of Courts. (2) Collection of the Decisions of the Cassation Departments of the Senate, 1866-1902; civil, criminal and assembled departments. Official Edition. III. journals of Law. (13) Jurist, 1902, vol. I. (12) Vestnik Prava, (Journal of Law), complete set. IV. Treatises. (8) Anisimoff, Documents Certifiable by Parish Authorities. V. Budanov, Histoire du droit russe, avec Chrestomathie, 1886. Diakoff, La Russie et les etrangers. 1903. Halban, zur Geschichte des Deutschen Rechts in Podolien. R. de Hube, Histoire du droit polonais. 1874, 1886. (14) Kazansky, The Function of Lectures in Legal Faculties. 1901. (23) Kazansky, Corpus Juris Gentium. 1897. Klibanski, Die neue russische Wechselordnung, 1902. --Codex des R. Civilrechts. 1902. Handtman, Russisches Handelsverkehrrecht. 1900, Vol. I. Lehr, Elements du droit civil russe. 1877-1890, 2 Vols. *The numbers affixed at the left represent the works in the Russian language; these titles are printed, with corresponding numbers, in Russian type at the end of the list. �26 GARY COLLECTION (9) (10) (11) (21) (15) (16) (17) (18) (20) (7) (25) I. Leontieff, The Parish Court and Juridical Customs of the Peasants. Macieiowski, S 1 av is ch e Rechtsgeschichte (in Polish). 1835-1839. 0. K. Malisheff, Course in the Civil Laws of Russia, with a special addition containing the civil laws and customs of Finland, Poland, Baltic Provinces, Bessarabia, the Jews and Moslems. P. Mrotchek-Drozdovsky, History of the Russian Law. Palienko, Sovereignty. 1903. (22) Poustorosleff, Volition in Criminal Law. 1890, 1891. Poustorosleff, Legal Position of Persons arrested for Crime. 1889. Poustorosleff, Lectures on Special Parts of the Russian Criminal Law. 1902. (19) Poustorosleff, The Principle of Criminality. 1892. Romanovich-Slavatinksy, System of Russian Political Law. 1899. B. Stavsky, Civil Law of the Kingdom of Poland, explained by Decisions of the late IX Department of Warsaw (1842- 1875) and of the Civil Cassation Department (1876-1895) of the Senate. A. Stoff, Mining Laws; Explanation of the existing Mining Laws in Russia. Cao8r, 3ar;;o1-toar, Pocciiic1wf! :0:3,n;aaie. HMrrepin n ero rrpo,n;OJIJKeHia, oq,q,:a~. II. Coopnuir;r, proiuenii:i Kacca~iOHHh!X'b .n;errapTaMeHTOB'h CeRaTa 3a 1866-96 r. rpaJK,naHcKia, yroJIOBHhl5I :a O6ll\aro co6paHia; oq,q,n~. :0:3,/1;. III. A. Bopoeuir;oacir;ii:i: 3aKOHhl rpalK,naRc1,ie (CBo,n. 3aK. T. X, '-I. I) c1, 061,acHeniaM:0: no p11IIIeHiJIM'b rpalK. Racca~iOHHaro ,UerrapTaMeHTa IlpaB. CeHaTa. IV. A. Bopoeuir;oeci,ii:i: y CTaB'b rp_aJK,D;aHc1rnro Cy.n;o-rrpOH3BO,D;CTBa C'b 06'b5ICRe- Hi5Illm no p11meH. rpaJK,n. Racca~ioH. ,UerrapTaMeHTa IlpaB. CeRaTa. V. H. C. Taian1fe6o: YJIOJKeHie O HaKa3aHi5IX'b yrOJIOBHh!X'b H :acrrpaBHT0JibRh!X'b, C'b O6'blICH0HilIMIL �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. •V I. -C. I'. llI;eZJto6itnio8o.' Cyi'.leOHhle ycraBbI Ihmeparopa AJieKcanl(pa II, C'b 3a1wnol(aTeJihHbIMH MOTHBaMH Il pa3'blICHenimrn. ·V lT. B . Cmaocir:iu: rpanc,a;ancKie 3aicoHbr :U:apcrna IloJihc1rnro, pa3lICnenHhre no pt,Uieu:iaM'b 6&rnUiaro BapmaPcrrnro IX .D:-a (1842-1875) H rpaJK. ICacc . .IJ:-a (1876-1895) IlpaB. Cenara. VIII. A . A'H,it1'u.11tooo . .D:oroBOpbI, HlaMII, IX. X. CBfl,J,'13Te.TbCTBY6)fbI6 BOJIOCTHbIMil rrpaBJie- Jieonrnbeor,: BOJIOCTHOii cy .:l'b H IOpII'I6CK. OObl'IaH 1,peCTblIIl'b. MaJ1,'bt1tieor,, K.: Rypc·h o6~aro rpaJKl(aHcKaro npana Poccirr rr oco6oe rrpHJIOJKenie; rpaJKl(aHCKie 3aKOHbI Il 06b!'IH. upaBO PocciH COBICJIIO'IenieM'b 3a1t0HOB'b: <lJ H H JI$! HJ( i H :U:. IloJihcrmro, Oc1'3.-Rpaa II Beccapa6iII, Enpetl:cK. n MycyJihM. XI. II. Jlpo1ieir:-r,-JI;poa806cir:iu: XII. B1ocm'H,uir;r, IIpa6a. XIII. XIV. Hcropia Pyccrmrn Ilpana. IOpucmr, (eJKeHel('BJibHO). Kaaa'H,cir;ifi: R'h nonpocy o nocranoBI,'t nperrol(anania Ha IOpnl(n'IecRHX'h ipaKyJihTerax'h, 1901. XV. IIycmopoCJ1,e6ou: Ilonarie o He3aM'BHHMOtl: caMocrrpan-t, RaR'h y'Ipe.n;eHin yroJIOBHaro rrpana, 1890. XVI. IIycmopoMe6ou: I!Ol(CYl(HOCTb apecraHTOB'b npanonapymeHia, 1889. l'I apecraHTOK'b sa yroJIOBHblH XVII. IIycmopoCJ1,eoou: RoncrreRT'b JieK1:1ia no oco6ennofi 'lacrn PyccKaro yroJIOBnaro rrpana. Bhmyc1, 'b I, 1902. XVIII. IIycmopocJ1,e6ou: AHaJIH3'b rroHariH o rrpecrynJienirr, 1892. XIX. IIycmopoc11,eeou: IloHarie o 11pecry11JieHin, 1891. �GARY COLLECTION 28 XX. XXI. Po.,ita1{,06uita-C.!!aeamu1{,c'lf:iu: CncreMa Pycc1mro rocyn:apcrBCHHaro IlpaBa, 1899. Ila.!!ie'l{,'lf:O: CyBepeHIITeT'b, 1903. XXII. IIycmopoc.!leeou: HeaaM"BHm,rna caMopacrrpaBa, 1889. XXIII. 1Ca3ai-tc'lf:ii1: Corpus Juris Gentium, 1897. XXIV. A. IIImorfio: ropttoe rrpaBo. CpaBHnreJihHOe naJiollteHie ropHhlX'b aa· K0H0B'b ,l\'Bl1CTBYJO~IlX'b B'b Poccin II np. RUSSIA: FINLAND AND BALTIC PROVINCES. Journals of Law. Tidskrift utgifven af Juridiska foreningen i Finland, Vols. 1-39. 1864-1902. Treatises. Broecker, Livlandisches, Estlandisches, u. Kurlandisches Privatrecht. Chydenius, Hustrus F6rm6genhetsra.ttsliga Forha.llande. -La.ran om Leveransaftalet. Erdmann, System des Privatrechts der Ostseeprovinzen. 1889-1894, 4 Vols. Forsman, Straffra.ttens allma.nna Jarn. Montgomery, Handboki Finlands allmanna Privatra.tt, 1895. Malisheff, (see supra, RussrA) . Schmidt, Rechtsgeschichte Liv-, Est-, und Kurlands (ed. N othbeck). 1895. Wrede, F6rla.sningen 6fver Giftermals-balken. -Sakra.tt. -Allma.nn obligationsra.tt. -U ts6kningsvasendet. -Konkursra.tt. -Bevisra.tten. (See also SWEDEN). �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. I. 29 SER.VIA.* Codes and Statutes. Collection of Serbian laws, with continuation, 1835-1902. Serb. Civ il-und Handelsgesetzbuch. Serb. Civilgesetzbuch. Serb. Strafgesetzbuch. Serb. Gesetzbuch des Civilprozess . Serb. Concursegesetzbuch. Serb. Verfassung, 1901. II. Decisions of Courts . Collection of Decisions of the Serbian Court. III . journals of Law. Branic (Serbian Law Journal) I-IX, 1894-1902. IV. Treatises. System des Serbischen Civilrechts. Serb . Jury. Serb. Verwaltungsrecht . Serb. vVechselrecht. Serb. Gem einderecht. Serb. Handelsrecht. Serb. Erbfolgerecht. Grenzen der Serb. Richtergewalt. Jovanovic, Geschichte d es Serbischen Rechts. Peritch, L e Traite de Berlin et la Question de la Nationalite par Rapport a la Principaute de Serbie, 1900. I. SPAIN. Codes and Statutes. Cdigo Civ il espanol, con notas por M. Falcon, 5 Vols. Codigo de Comercio, 2a ed., por V. Romero y Giron, 1901. Codigo penal para la P eninsula , anotado, 7a ed. 1900. L ey de enuiciamento criminal, anotado, 3a, ed. 1899. Constitution de la Monarquia de 30e Junio de 1876. 4a. ed. 1901. Ley organica de! consejo de Estado de 17de agosta de 1860, 2a. ed., 1891. L ey y Reglamento de lo contencioso administrativo r eformado por el decreto de 22de Junio de 1894, 2a. ed. Leve, Code civil espagnol, traduit et annote. 1890. Prudhomme , Code de Commerce espagnol, promulgue le 22 de aofit, 1835, traduit et a nnote. 1891. *All of this Servian m aterial is in the original language, except two of Professor Peritch's essays. Its arrival was too late to permit of the titles being printed accurately. �30 II. GARY COLLECTION Decisions of Courts. Jurisprudenzia civile, 1838-1902, Vols . 1-93. Jurisprudenzia criminale, 1870-1902, Vols. 1-66 . III. Journals of Law. Revisto Generalo de Legislacion , 1853-1900, Vols . 1-96. IV. Treatises. Antequera, Historia de la legislacion espafiola, 1874. Brau chitsch, Geschichte des spanischen Rechts . 1852. Chapado Garcia, Historia general de Derecho Espanol. 1900. Estanyol y Colom, Derecho Canonico (Historia externa). 1893. Gil, Censos segun la Legislacione general. Hinojosa, Historia general del derecho espafiol. 1887. I-Ielfferich, Entstehung und Geschichte des W estgothenrechts . 1858. Neumann, Derecho International Publico Moderno. trad . Sela. Perena y Puente, Derecho U sual. 1895. Valverde, Las Modernas Direcciones d el Derecho Civil. -La Nacionalidad . I. II. [II. lY. SWEDEN. Codes and Statutes. Sveriges Rikes Log (containing all the Codes). 1903. Swedish Fundamental Law (in the original). 1900. Codes suedois de 1734 (civil, penal, commercial; suivies des lois promulgees jusqu' a ce jour, des lois hypothecaires, de celles sur l'etat civil, la prescription , !es successions, le change, la faillite, du code maritime de 1891 et des lois sur la propriete industrielle), par de la Grasserie. 180,5. (See also infra, JOURNALS.) Decisions of Courts. (See infra, JOURNALS) . Journals of Law, Nytt Jurisdisk Arkiv, 1874-1900, Vols. 1-27'. (both series, one containing current decisions, the othei; containing current legislation). (See also NORWAY, RussrA: FlNLAND.) Treatises. Hagestr6mer, Svensk Straffriitt. Nordlung, Foreliisningar 6fver Arfdabalken. Nordling, Boskilnad och behandlingen af d6dsmaµsbo. Olivecrona, Testamentsriitten. W,iµr,ot4, Svem;k ci vih:,a.J;t,. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. I. 31 SWITZERLAND. Codes and Statutes. Bundesgesetzgebung, 1892, and Supplement. Vlolf, Schweizerisches Rechtsbuch. 1898, 2 Vols. Sammlung Verfassungen. 1892. Sammlung der Gesetze u . s. w. iiber das Civilrecht des Kantons Basel. 1893. Zeerleder und Reichel, Bernische Civilgesetze. 1893, 2 Vols. Code Civil du Canton des Grisons, R. de la Grasserie. 1893. Jaeger, St. Gallisches Privatrecht, 1899. Huber, Thurgauisches Rech tsbuch. Aargauisches Rechtsbuch. 1902. Neuchatel, Nouveau recueil officiel des lois (complete set). Ziircherische Rechtspflege (Straiili). 1883-1896. Luzerner Ziv. v. Ziv. proz. Gesetze (Bossard & Weibel). 1896. II. Decisions of Courts. Entsch. d. Schweizerischen Bundesgerichts. 1875-1901,Vols. 1-26. Schweizerische Rechtssprechung (Brodbeck). 1894. Ill. journals of Law. Zeitsch rift fur Schweizerisches Recht, 1852-1903, Vols. 1-43. (1st series, Vols. 1-22: 2nd series, Vols. 1-21). IV. Treatises. Faesler, Bundesgeset7, u. Schuldbetreibung, with Supplement. 1896-1899, 2 Vols. Huber, System u. Geschichte d. Schw Privatrechts. 4 Vols ., 1893. Orelli, Vorlesungen uber Schweizerische Rechtsgeschichte . 2 aufl. 1884. Stoos, Grundziige d. Schweizerischen Strafrechts. 18921893, 2 Vols. I. TUR.KEY (IN EUROPE). Codes and S tatutes. Destour (Collection of all the Turkish laws, in the original language). Aristarchi-Bey, Legislation ottomane, ou Recueil des lois, reglements, etc., publie par Nicolaides. 1873- 1888, 7 Vols. in 4. Piat, Code de Commerce ottoman explique. 1876. Meysonnasse, Code civil musulman, suivant le.cadr.e .du .code. civil francais (rite malekite).. 1898.. �32 II. GARY COLLECTION Decisions of Courts. Djeridie Mukakisir-i-Hadlie, Years 1295-1318, Vols. 1-24. III. Journals of Law. (see supra, Decisions). IV. Treatises. Arslanian, Recht des Grundeigenthums und Erbrecht f. d. Turkei. 1894. Baillie, Digest of Mohammedan Law. 1875. Derenbourg et Mayer-Lambert, Traite des successions dans de droit musulman. 1897. Klasim Zia, Expose du droit de succession musulman. 1902. MacDonald, Muslim Theology, Jurisprudence, and Constitutional Theory. 1903. Nauphal, Cours de droit musulman. 1886. Savvas Pacha, Theorie du droit musulman. 1892-1893. -Le Tribunal musulman. 1902. Tornauw, Droit musulman. 1880. Van den Berg, Minhadj At-Talibin. 1882. Zuynball, Handleiding tot de Kennis van de Mohammedaansche wet. 1903. ECCLESIASTICAL LAW.* Corpus Juris Canonici, ed. Friedberg, 2 aufl. 1879-1881, 2 vols. Biener, Beitrage z. Geschichte d. Inquisitionsprozess. Esmein, Etudes sur l'histoire du droit canonique prive. 1891 , 2 Vols. Fournier, Les Officialites au moyen age. Hinschius, Kirchenrecht. Vols. I-VI, I, 1869-1897. Schulte, Geschichte der Quellen und Literatur des Canonischen Rechts von Gratian bis auf die Gegenwart. 1875-1880, 3 Vols. Tanon, Histoire des tribunaux de !'inquisition en France. R.OMAN LAW. Accarias, Precis de droit romain. 4me . ed. 1886. Bruns , Syrisch-R6misches Rechtsbuch. 1880. Corpus Juris Civilis, Ed. Kruger,Mommsen, Schoell, Kroll. 3 Vols., 1895-1899. *This and the Roman list represent merely the texts and a few principal treatises for reference in the history of English law. �OF CONTINENT AL LAW. 33 Cuq, Les institutions juridiques des Romains. 2 vols. 1891. Dernburg, Pandekten, 6th Ed. 1900-1902 (Vol. I. in 7th Ed.). Flach, Etudes critiques sur l'histoire du droit romain au moyen age. 1889. Fontes Juris Romani, ed. Bruns, Mommsen et Gradenwitz, ed. VI. 1893. Gaii Institutiones, 6th ed., Dubois d'apres Studemund. 1881. Jhering, Entwickelung und Geschichte d . r6mischen Rechts. 1894. Jhering, Geist des Romischen Rechts. 5 aufl. J oers, Romische Wissenschaft z. zeit d . Republik , vnl. I. 1888. Jurisprudentia antejustinianea, ed. Huschke. 1896. Lambert, L'histoire traditionelle des XII Tables. Karlowa, Romische Rechtsgeschichte, Vols. I, II, 1, 2, 3. 1885-1901. Kruger, Geschichte der Quellen. 1888. Mortreuil, Histoire du droit byzantin. 1843-46. Pernice, Labeo. 1873-1900, Vols. I-III, I. Savigny, F. C., Geschichte des r6mischen R echts im Mit.telalter. Lene!, Palingenesia. 1899. Vocabularium jurisprudentiae romanae, ed. Gradenwitz 1894-1899, pts. 1-3. Windscheid, Pandekten, 8 aufl. 1900, 3 Vols. Zachariae v. Lingenthal, Gesch. d. grieschisch-romisrhen Rechts. 1892, 3 aufl. INTERNATIONAL LAW.* journals. Pasicrisie Internationale (La Fontaine), 1903, I Vol. Revue generale de droit international public, 1894-Hl00, Vols. I-VII. Zeitschrift f. internationalen Privat u. Strafrecht, 1889-1900. Vols. 1-10. La Justice Internationale, 1903, Vol. 1. (Monthly Review of the Decisions of the Internationa l Court of the Hague.) *These titles of International Law do not include collections otherwise existing in the Library (such as the Annuaire de l'Institut, Martens' R ecueil, British and Foreign State Papers, etc.), but only those which have been purchasP. d with the Gary fund. �34 GARY COLLECTION. Le DroiL d '_\uLcur, 1887-1903, Vols. 1-15. (Journal of the International Copyright Union, Berne.) (See also FRANCE, GERMANY.) Treatises and Collections. Bonfils, Manuel de droit intern. public. 3rd ed. 1901. Calvo, Le droit international theorique et pratique. 5th ed. 1896, 7 Vols. Collection de los tratados e convenios y documentos internacionales celebrados por nuestros gobiernos con los estados extrangeros desde el reinado de dona Isabel II, hasta nuestras dias. Marques de Olivard, 1890-1901. Dumont et Rousset, Corps universe! diplomatique du droit des gens, con tenant un recueil des trai tes d' alliance, de paix, etc., de Charlemagne, jus'qua present. 1716-1731, 8 Vols. -Supplement au corps diplomatique, con tenant l'histoire d. anciens traites jusqu'a !'empire de Charlemagne, par Barbeyrac; un recueil des traites echappes aux premieres recherches. 1739, 5 vols. -Negotiations secr~tes touche le paix de Munster et de Osnaberg. 1725, 4 Vols. -Histoire d. traites de paix depuis Vervins jusqu'a Nimeque. 1725, 2 vols. -Recueil des traites de la France (1703-1896), publ. sous les auspices de C. de Freycinet, par Jules De Clercq. 1880-1902, 21 Vols. Fiore, Nouveau droit intern. public, traduit par Antoine. 1885-1886, 3 Vols. Heffter, Europaisches Volkerrecht. 8 aufl., 1888. Leske und L6wenfeld, R echtsverfolgung in internationalen Verkehr. 1895-1897, 3 Vols. Martitz, Internationale Rechtshilfe in Strafsachen. 1888, 1897, 2 Vols. Pelissier du Rausas, Le regime des capitulations dans !'empire Ottomane. 1901, Vol. 1. Pradier-Fodere ,Traite de droit international. 1884-1897, 8 Vols. Salzedo et Clotet, Traites de droit commercial international. 1894, Tome Ier (no more published). Weiss, Traite theorique et pratique de droit international prive. 1894-1901, Vols. 1-4. Zitelmann, Internationales privatrecht. 1897, 1898, 1903, Vols. 1, 2, 3. (See also AUSTRIA, FRANCE, GERMANY, SPAIN, R uss IA .) �II-SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. An Address Delivered in the Course on Legal Tactics, Monday, November 30, z903, by Luther Lajl£n Mills, Esq.* By the common law, by the constitution and by the statutes, trial by jury is imbedded in the institutions of this State as an essential element in the administration of justice. The constitution of the State of Illinois provides that, "the right of trial by jury as heretofore enjoyed shall remain inviolate;" and notwithstanding the occasional criticisms expressed against it by social theorists or doctrinaires it stands and will continue, it is safe to prophesy, during long generations hereafter, as the most rational and satisfactory agency for the determining of the misunderstandings and disputes of men who appeal to the courts in order to secure the redressing of grievances and the obtaining of rights; aud, also, and I might say especially, for wisely, justly and humanely exercising its functions in matters involving the welfare of society in the enforcement of its laws against crimes. It is not necessary at this time to assert the wisdom and the justification of the jury system, unique in its antiquity, in it s universality in civilized communities, in its persistence through the ages. Surviving all the changing events, the vicissitudes and revolutions of centuries, it has stood and now stands as a peculiar expression of the people's thought and desire-a creation of the popular mind. In the remote past, tyrannical kings have been forced by the commonalty to grant the right of trial by jury-pledging themselves to maintain it; and always throughout Christendom it has been the demand of the masses of men. Not wise judges belonging to the honorable and honored legal profession-learned in the law and appointed by superior authority or chosen by popular vote, but laymen-practical men, men of the every day competitions and controversies, men qualified to fairly · settle issues of fact from the standpoint of common experience and that of the judgment which prevails in the ordinary affairs of life-these have been and are wisely or unwise!:,, ( wisely it is reasonable to claim) favored in the minds of communities for the considering and deciding of the relative rights of their individual citizens. And it is not inappropriate at this tim e to express our recogni tion of the importance and the demo*This is a course of twenty-five addresses given every year en Monday evenings, and open to all members of the bar. In these addresses various subjects of practice are dealt w ith solely from the point of view of tactics nnd experience, by practitioners of distinction who have had special opportunities for familiarity with the practice on those subjects. 35 �36 LEGAL TACTICS. cratic and humane significance of the great popular institution, the jury-dignified by its ancient past in which it stood for human welfare against royal tyranny, for principle against power, for the better sentiments of mankind against selfishness and greed -a wall of defense for the people against oppression; and accepted earnestly in these later days as a method for the discovering of truth and the declaring of justice. It would be unreasonable to claim for the jury system in Illinois or elsewhere that it is not open to criticism-that unlike any other human institution it is perfect, or even makes a near approach to perfection. But it may be fairly claimed that under the test of deliberate popular judgment it is equal, if not superior, in the successful exercise of its functions, to any other governmental factor; and it is manifest that its character and quality are constantly improving with the advances of social conditions, the bettering of the morals of the people, the awakening of the higher sentiments among men. In this State the character of jurors is improving year by year-this fact being the result of wise legislation in reference to their selection-the increasing recognition of the dign ity of the juror's office, and the scrutiny of the public, judges of courts and the legal profession as to their honesty and other qualifications; and the denunciation by the great body of lawyers of all dishonorable practices on the part of any of its members in their relations to jurors. The time was when we heard much of "jury-packing," so-called, and jury bribing; we hear but seldom of such offenses now; and a lawyer detected in violating his oath and stultifying his conscience by such gross misconduct is driven from his profession by his brethren and whipped with the la5h of public condemnation. Jurors may make mistakes; but they are seldom dishonest. It is frequently said that the number of trials by jury is diminishing in this country; and the statement is probably correct. There is undoubtedly a grnwing tendency away from litigation; men are becomiug more inclined to adjust their differences, to compromise disputes, to submit their misunderstandings to arbitration; yet the litigation of the country is large, the courts are still crowded with causes to be tri ed and lawyers continue to find a field for their ability and genius in the fine contests of the forum. The calling of the advocate still exists as a great and noble calling in spite of certain modern demands upon the legal profession which tend to divert its members to other lines of effort. The attractiveness of the court-room with the excitements and incidents of sentiment and interest connected with a trial before a jury, exists and will continue to exist for lawyers �MANAGEMENT Of.:i A JURY. 37 old and young. The human nature involved in such an experience, the dealing with the motives and the personal character of men-judges, jurors, witnesses, opposing lawyers-will always have a charm for the members of the legal profession. And I am not ready to admit that the successful advocate is not, after all has been said, the finest type of the lawyer. It is frequently asserted that the best- the ideal-lawyer is not the man who is conspicuous for his successes in trials; yet a lawyer to be great as an advocate, must have the elements of legal knowledge, judgment, discrimination, as the foundation of his super-structure; and these must be supplemented by skill, astuteness, familiarity with human life, ability to fathom the motives of men . The strong trial lawyer must be not only learned and wise in the law, he must be great in his knowledge of human nature and life and in his ability to effectively employ it to advance the cause he represents. I have been honored by an invitation to address you this evening, gentlemen of the Northwestern University Law School, on the Selection and Management of the Jury, and am expected to make such suggestions in reference thereto as shall be of a practical nature, and may possibly prove to be of some advantage to you when hereafter you stand in the court-room as champions for clients in the noble tournament of a legal trial. At the appointed time you arise before a presiding judge, announce in behalf of your client and as his attorney that you are ready to proceed with the trial of the issue in which he is concerned; the opposing counsel does likewise. And thereupon the court directs the cletk to call into the jury-box twelve men who. upon the announcemrnt of their names, take their places in the jurors' seats and then are sworn to answer all questions that may be put to them "touching their competency" to serve as jurors. In this State they are to be examined by fours-the attorney for the plaintiff, or prosecution, taking the initiative and that of the defense following. I speak now of a trial in which the statutory number of twelve jurors is to try the case. It often happens in civil cases that a less ~umber is expressly agreed to by the contesting parties. I. Now comes what may be called the most important part of the trial-its beginning, its foundation-the choosing of the men who are to decide the merits of the cause and give victory to the one side and defeat to the other; and in making this selection it is legitimate and honorable, as it is necessary, for the lawyer, in justice to his client, to secure men upon the jury who are impartial, fair-minded, free from prejudice, receptive and appre- �38 LEGAL TA CTI CS. dative of evidence and argument; to prevent any man from serving as a juror who, by reason of his temperament, education, habits of life, sympathies, consciously or unconsciously, has predilections for the opposing side. The lawyer now begins his tactics-the battle is on-it is tactician against tactician; every step he takes must be measured, cautious, diplomatic, wise. He must penetrate the very inner consciousness of the juror he examines and in so doing must guard against giving offense by the effort of his curiosity. It is essential that he have the good will of the juror; from the moment of his first exchangin~ glances with him, he must endeavor to secure his personal respect and feeling of friendship. One offensive question may rankle in his memory and turn him against his examiner with an unchangeable prejudice, and afterwards what the lawyer says during the trial will fall ineffectual upon his hearing. It is hard to cure a first resentment; and if you, the lawyer, become conscious of such a sentiment in the juror' s mind you will be disturbed, annoyed, possibly demoralized, during the whole progress of the trial. In all your close examination of the juror keep uppermost in your mind the avoidance of giving him offense and the purpose of winning his good will. In this State there are two kinds of challenges-those for cause, and peremptory challenges. "In all civil actions each party shall be entitled to challenge three jurors without showing cause for such challenge." In criminal cases the statute provides that " Every person arraigned for any crime punishable with death or imprisonment in the penitentiary for life shall be admitted on his trial to a peremptory challenge of twenty jurors and no more; and every person arraigned for any offense that may be punished by imprisonment for a term exceeding eighteen months shall be admitted to a peremptory challenge of ten jurors and in all other criminal trials the defendant shall be allowed a peremptory challenge of six jurors." "It shall be sufficient ca use of challenge of a petit juror that he lacks any one of the qualifications mentioned in Section 2 of Chapter 78 of Hurd's Revised Statutes, or, if he is not of the regular panel that he has served as a juror on the trial of a cause in any court of record in the county within one year previous to the time of his being offered as a juror; or that he is a party to a suit pending for trial in that court at that term. It shall be the duty of the court to discharge from the panel all jurors who do not possess the qualifications provided in this act, as soon as the fact is discovered." Section 2, Chapter 78 provides, that "Jurors in all counties in Illinois must have the legal qualifications herein prescribed, and shall be chosen, i! propor- �MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. 39 tionate number from the residents of each town, or precinct, and such persons only as are: First. Inhabitants of the town, or precinct, not exempt from serving on juries. Second. Of the age of twenty-one (21) years, or upwards, and under sixty-five ( 65) years old. Third. In the possession of their natural faculties, and not infirm or decrepit. Fourth. Free from all legal exceptions, of fair character, of approved integrity, of sound judgment, well-informed, and who understand the English language." In the making of my suggestions and illustrations hereafter, gentlemen, I shall at times address you directly in the second person. In your examination of jurors it is wise to be cautious in the use of your peremptory challenges. If you are disposed to excuse a juror use every legitimate method of accomplishing that purpose by a challenge for cause. It is manifest that if your peremptory challenges are exhausted at the beginning of the examination you are greatly at the mercy of the opposing side thereafter. In seeking a ground for a challenge for cause, or making the suggestion more conservatively, endeavoring to determine whether or not the man is competent to be a juror, it is advisable to interrogate him at the outset as to whether his mind is free from bias as to the issue to be tried and the parties involved therein; and it is natural to inquire as to his knowing the latter, his knowledge of the case, his having heard or read of it, his acquaintance with the lawyers in the litigation and any of the witnesses who might be called to t estify. If the juror's answers to such inquiries indicate that he is free from prejudice as to the merits of the controversy and it still. appears to you that he is an unsafe or incompetent person to pass upon it, the next course to be pursued is to examine him as to whether he possesses the fixed qualifications prescribed by the Statute. To these your attention has already been called. They afford, in many instances, the opportunity you seek for accomplishing your purpose. Paragraphs third and fourth of Section 2 of Chapter 78 of the Revised Statutes set forth this opportunity. The third paragraph reads, "In the possession of their natural faculties and not infirm and decrepit." As to the qualifications suggested in this paragraph it is not always necessary to inquire; an inquiry is necessary only when the appearance and conduct of the juror indicate the possibility or probability of his not being competent under the statute. The lawyer in conducting his examination �40 LEGAL TACTICS. as to the qualifications mentioned in the third and fourth paragraphs named, should conduct hi s inquiry with a due regard to the sensibilities of the juror because, first, it is courteous and humane for him so to do; and, second, because the other jurors already examined or to be examined will be influenced for or against the lawyer by the character of the questions he propounds. The fourth paragraph provides that the juror shail "be of fair character, of approved integrity, of sound judgment, well-informed" and having an understanding of the English language. It is obvious that tmder its provisions great latitude is afforded to the examiner ; and especially in their relation to this paragraph should the inquiries of the lawyer be made with caution and consideration. To illustrate: You are examining a man of foreign birth with a poor understanding of the English language; a juror has already been accepted who is of the same nativity. If you make the mistake of dealing with the juror in hand with harshness, levity or ridicule the man already chosen will naturally feel a resentment and acquire a prejudice against you which may be fraught with danger. Too much emphasis cannot be laid on the necessity of the lawyer's securing and retaining the personal respect and good will of the jury; and this securing · should be sought for at the beginning and at every stage of the proceedings. The suggestion cannot be too often repeated; it should constantly be borne in mind. It is difficult to prescribe fixed and general rules to govern all cases. The individual situation will demand its own peculiar treatment; and yet in addition to what has already been said, there are certain suggestions, which may be made, of general applicability to the examination of jurors. 1. Never be severe with the man you are examining unless it is manifest that he is intentionally evasive in his answers or deceptive or dishonest. If he appears so to be the lawye r is called upon to show righteous indignation. His so doing will properly be understood and appreciated by all concerned in the trial. 2. Keep constantly before you the fact of rac e or national prejudices-possibly the most difficult to overcome among men. 3. The fact of religious prejudices-a fact happily diminishing under the influences of Christian civilization- must not be overlooked. 4. If it btcornes your duty to represent the public in the prosecution of an alleged violator of the laws of the State, you need not be reminded that the personal interest of the juror in the community-his philanthropy, his patriotism-arc elements greatly to be considered. �MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. 41 5. Never accept as a juror a dishonest man if you know him to be such; and be careful not to make the mistake of acceptinl{ a juror who is under personal obligations to you, unless you are sure that he is an honest man and will be governed by the law and the evidence-giving to you simply the attention and receptiveness to which you are entitled. Pardon my illustrating this advice by an incident in my own experience. Some years ago I was engaged in the prosecution of a murder case, which was defended by one of the ablest criminal lawyers of the State. The crime involved in the trial had made a great sensation throughout the community and popular feeling was strongly against the man charged with its perpetration. It required many days for the securing of the jury. At last, when eleven jurors had been sworn, a special venire was ordered and among the men thus summoned was one whom I had in many ways aided in the past. Indeed, the man was under great obligations to me; and this fact was known to the opposing lawyer. As soon as my old friend was sworn to answer questions I stepped to the table of the lawyer defending and reminded him of my personal relations with the juror and offered to agree with him that the man should be excused. The lawyer, however, rejected the offer and proceeded with his examination-finally accepting the juror. After asking him a few questions I also accepted him and he was sworn to try the case. The trial went on and lasted for a fortnight and after the arguments were made and the judge's instructions were given the jury retired; after a deliberation of thirty-six hours they announced their inability to agree and were discharged by the court. Upon inquiry I learned that eleven of their number favored the conviction of the prisoner and one the acquittal, and that one was my old friend e.with his many obligations to me. The opposing lawyer coming into my office, I spoke to him of the peculiar attitude taken by the juror and expressed surprise at his action. The lawyer replied, "When I took the man I knew that he was under obligations to you, and I accepted him with my eyes open. Did you notice how well he was dressed when he entered the court-room?" I answered, "Yes, I never saw him look better." "Well," he said, "I must tell you that I gave him that suit of clothes just one week before the trial began." I realized the mistake I had made, and I think never afterward repeated it. In this matter of selecting the jury there is a demand on the lawyer that he have a knowledge of human nature; that he make a study of life; that he mingle with men; that he become familiar with social conditions; that he enter sympathetically into �42 LEGAL TACTICS. the life of the community. It is a wonderful study-this study of human motive and action; and no lawyer can succeed in wisely discriminating among men in order to determine who are qualified to meet duties and emergencies unless he pursues, patiently and zealously, this course of preparation. 11. The Management of the Jury involves the conduct of the lawyer in their presence and hearing-conduct impressing their minds and influencing their sentiments and judgment. It is almost axiomatic that the lawyers are themselves on trial in a case in which they appear before a jury. Of . course it is not meant that jurors decide issues simply on the personality of the advocate; but it is true, undoubtedly, that this fact very often makes a deep impression on the jurors' minds and strongly influences them in their reaching a decision. Generally it may be said as to the conduct of the advocate in its possible effect on the j ury that: 1. He should always be a gentleman in the trial of a cause, deferential to the court, respectful to the officers of the law, courteous to the opposing counsel, fair with the witnesses; he should avoid the appearance of familiarity with the jurors, being content to win their considerate attention by dignified, manly and courteous performance of his duty. As a rule it is dangerous to address ad hominem remarks to an individual juror-singling him out by name or other methods of identification. Indeed, there are judges who will not permit the practice. The distinguished Thomas Drummond, of th e United States Circuit Court, who died some years ago, lamented by the bar and by the people, was always severe in hi s criticism of lawyers who used this method in addressing juries. An amusing incident which came under my owtt observation, although it is not exactly in point, occurs to my mind. You will pardon my relating it. I was once engaged in a trial and on th e other side was an able lawyer who was almost blind ; he was unable to distingui sh faces. During the examination of the jurors a colored man was interrogated by th e lawyers, accepted and sworn to try th e case. After th e testimony had been presented the arguments began and the advocate with the poor vision began his address. He had forgotten the location in the jury box of the individual jurors. Beginning an ad hornillem appeal to a juryman who, he supposed, was the colcred man, he said, in tones of deep earnestness and path0s, that although the man' s skin was black he was the equal of his fellow-jurors and on this line talked at length, frequently placing his hand reassuringly on th e man's shoulder. The fact was that he had mistakenly selected as 1-h e object of hi s oratorical �MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. 43 attack an auburn-haired rosy-faced Hibernian, who being thus made the focus of general observation, was not only greatly embarrassed but made positively indignant, although he must have known that the lawyer had made an innocent mistake. What effect this experience had on the juror' s mind when he retired to the jury room was never publicly disclosed. 2. Be everlastingly loyal to your cause, and let the jury know that you are loyal. The slightest break in the tension of your devoted interest will have its effe.:t on the watchful jurymen. Enthusiasm is contagious and in the conduct of the lawyer must impress those who perceive it. 3. I have already urged that the lawyer should make a constant effort from the commencement to the conclusion of a trial to win the respect and good will of the jurors. By his attitude and conduct before them he should also strive to obtain their fullest confidence in the sincerity of his utterances made during the taking of the testimony and in his arguments and ap peals. Fix in each juror's mind, if you can do so, faith in yourself; thus in many cases half the battle is won. On an occasion similar to this one I illustrated the power of a lawyer's personality in a court-room by telling a story of Abraham Lincoln; and it is not inappropriate that I now repeat it. Years ago in the County of Sangamon in this State occurred a horrible homicide. An old woman living alone in a farm house, with no near neighbors, was brutally murdered. When the discovery was made of her mutilated body the farmers of the country around came together armed with rifles, and made a quick plan for the discovery and capture of the criminal. They started out over fields and highways and finally some of their number overtook a strange man whom they plied with questions, by which he was entangled in serious contradictions a·nd manifestly false statements. Then his captors decided that he should be immediately hanged to the nearest tree. While the prisoner was begging for mercy the Sheriff of the County and a posse of citizens arrived and rescued the man, who was hurried to the jail in Springfield. No sooner had he been placed behind the bars than a great crowd of citizens surrounded the jail and demanded that the Sheriff surrender his prisoner. They were determined to lynch him. In the midst of the excitement one of the citizens addressed the crowd and urged that for the sake of the honor of Sangamon county the law be allowed to take :ts course. To him a leading merchant made reply, saying that within a few years just past many murders had occurred in Sangamon county and not one man had been punished for murder. He said that the execution �44 LEGAL TACTICS. of the laws had become a farce, through the tricks and frauds of certain lawyers, the perjury of witnesses and the bribing of jurors, and that the public welfare demanded that the people take the matter in their own hands. The crowd was preparing to make an assault on the gates of the jail, when the citizen who had first spoken, straightening himself to the full measure of his splendid stature, again spoke, saying that if in this case the law was allowed to take its course he would promise that no trick nor fraud nor perjury nor bribery would be used in the prisoner's defense, and concluded his address with the words, "I will defend the man." He was Abraham Lincoln. The crowd was satisfied and dispersed. On the following day a special grand jury was ordered by the court, the prisoner was indicted and being arraigned, entered a plea of not guilty. A day was fixed for the trial, on the coming of which the streets of Springfield were crowded with people from all parts of the county, and at the opening of court the room was filled with anxious and dettrmined citizens. The judge ordered the prisoner to be brought from the jail. He entered the court-room, and sat near to Lincoln, his lawyer. Twelve men were called into the jury box and sworn to answer questions. The energetic and able state's attorney examined the jurors with the utmost care, challenging many of them. Lincoln contented himself with asking but a few questions, the significance and importance of which appeared afterwards, at the conclusion of the trial. The chosen jurors were sworn to try the case; the state's attorney made a fiery opening argument. Lincoln reserved his opening and then the taking of testimony began. The prosecution, by its witnesses, presented a mass of circumstantial evidence against the defendant, and rested its case. Lincoln informed the court that there were no witnesses for the defense. " Proceed with your arguments," said the judge. Then the state's attorney made a powerful plea for justice and the law. He was followed by Lincoln, who began his address by describing the horrible crime for which his client was on trial and saying that no punishment which man could inflict would be commensurate with the guilt of the one who had committed it. He said that in the case before them there could be no compromise verdict; that it must be one of death or acquittal. He then dwelt at length on the beautiful and merciful doctrine of the reasonable doubt; and of this, talked with sublime earnestness. He then began his conclusion. He said, "My friends, I am the most worried man in Sangamon county. For three days and nights I have hardly slept, thinking of this case. I have analyzed all the evidence, have considered every �MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. 4:5 fact presented by the testimony and I am worried, worried, worried. Now, my friends," he said, forgetting for the moment the rule of practice against a lawyer's expressing his personal opinion as to the merits of his case, "I will be fair to you." He gazed earnestly into the face of each man before him and continued: "After all my thinking and worrying, and analyzing the evidence, I have formed an opinion as to who is the guilty manthe man who killed the old woman and left her with her gray head in her blood; and that opinion I now declare unto you." The audience in the court-room was still as death. He proceeded, "In my opinion the man who did the awful deed is my client-that man. But," straightening himself before the jury, raising his right hand aloft, and looking down into the eyes of the men be.fore him, he exclaimed, with impressive deliberation "I am not sure of it!" He took his seat. The state's attorney followed briefly; the court charged the jury ; and they retired to their room. There one of their number arose and said, "Lincoln is right. We have the opinion that the man is guilty; but who, from the evidence, is sure of it?" In a few moments a verdict of acquittal was rendered. Faith in Lincoln had won for him his victory. ����v. DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical instruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors. The attendance during the last year wa s 535. It is the largest UniF'~rsiVur~ti~:al~r~~~ 1t\~ii~ead~~~~S 0 Northwestern Chicago, University Building, Northwestern University Dental School, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretrical study of Music, and is designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It also makes provision for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accomplishment. It offers three or four year courses leading to an appropriate de gree in Mu sic. For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois. VII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses prepara tory to college and practical life, The proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a great ad. · vantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy, Evans .. ton, Illinois. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onarga , Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for preparing for college or technical schools, or other higher ins titutions of learning. The location in a small town makes it possible fo r th e authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinois. VIII. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medical School on substantially the same terms as men. For further information as to the Residence Halls for Women, address Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois. IX. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE Garrett Biblical Institute, chartered in 1855, is a theological seminary co-ope!"::i ting with the University. It is open to all students who are properly recommended us candidates for the Christian ministry. It offers a three years' course, arranged for classical graduates, leading to the degree of B.D.; also a four years' course open to college graduates leading to the degree of Ph.D. Th~ intimate relations of the University and the Institute afford great advantages to all those preparing for the Christian ministry. NORWEGIAN-DANISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL The Norwegian-Danish Theological School, affiliated with the Institute, offers to those preparing for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish people an oppor~ tunity to do this in the English, Danish, and Norwegian languages. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing- demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further information, address the respective schools, Evanston, Illinois. �• � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series II, Number 4 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1904 February-April Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 February-April Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES II FEBRUARY APRIL NUMBER N·oRTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J. James Ph.D. LL D. President Northwestern University . Four (Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor ( Laws. Special Law. ' Chicago L Institute Library Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets ChicaaoNorthwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW" (U N ION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUND ED OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTER N UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW • CONTENTS OF No. SERIES II. FEBRUARY . Page . PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE G ARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAW • II. SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF A JU RY AN ADDRESS IN THE LEGAL TACTICS COURSE BY LUTHER LAFLIN MILLS ESQ. ' • Entered Postoffice Chicago Illinois . !. PRELIMINARY CATALOGUE OF THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAW. PREFATORY NOTE. . Collection QUARTERLY BULLETIN . Briefly ( ) Hon. Elbert H. Gary LL. B. ' Chicago New York. ( ) Its Europe. Twenty Austria Hungary Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Italy Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Portugal Roumania Russia Servia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey. . ( ) Its ex European Jiving . Secondly Anglo American Germanic . Thirdly . . . · . Intelligent Jess . A ( France Germany) M. Martinus Nijhoff ( Hague New York) . Muhlbrecht' Wegweiser Bibliographie Staats R . European . Various European Finland Servia . Chicago . Greek M. Nijhoff Greece Mr. Vlackos Law School University Athens ( GARY COLLECTION School.) . Nevertheless . . . . No . There . A . Many ( ) < . . A European . School . . Collection ( ) Any Chicago Board Trustees ' School $ School $ . ( ) Any Chicago Jaw School Library Library . School . ( ) Any Faculty University . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. AUSTRIA. . Codes Statutes. Die Oesterreichischen Gesetze. Manz' Taschenausgabe . . . II. Decisions Courts. Plenarbeschluesse . . Oesterreischischen Ober Gerichts Cassationshofs. . Index . (Continued Entscheidungen K. K . Obersten Gerich Cassationshofs . .) Entscheidungen . K .. K . Obersten Gerichthofs Oesterreichischen Civilsachen. Vols. . . II . Journals Law. [See GERMANY .] IF. Treatises. Durrigl Oesterr. Recht Beruchsicht Gesetzgebung Croatien . Slavonien . Duscheness . Bjolsky . Baretta Oesterreichische Rechtslexicon. . Friedlaender Oesterreische W . Auflage . Hasenoehrl Oesterreichisches Obligationrecht. Auflage . Jirecek Das Recht Boehmen Maehren. . Codex . . Digeste . . J Praxis . Oesterreichischen Verwaltungsgerichtshofs. . Luschin Ebengreuth Oest R . . Mischler Ulbrich Oesterreichisches Staatswoerterbuch. . Peritch De Condition Bosniaques Herzegoviniens . . Posilovic Immobiliarrecht Bosnien Hercegovina. Schwarz Oesterreichisches Konkursrecht. Unger System Oest Privatrechts. . II VI. GARY COLLECTION BELGIUM. Codes Statutes. Pasinomie (Collection Belgique ' .) Indexes . Delecourt Codes Belgique. Ed. . Larcier Delecourt Code Belgique. II. Decisions Courts. Pasicrisie Belge (Recueil Belgique . '. ' ) Indexes . JII. Treatises. Defacoz Ancien . . Warnkoenig Histoire . . Flandrische Staats Rechtsgeschichte. . BULGARIA.* . Codes Statutes. Laws Bulgaria ( ) . Organisationsstatut Ostrumeliens. Projekt Organisationsstatut . Bulgarien. Protokolle Const. Nationalversammlung Constitution. Bulgarisches Strafgesetzbuch. . II. Decisions Courts. Decisions Supreme Court Bulgaria. . Sammlung Bulgarischen Gebrauchen. III. Law. Juridische Revue (Bulgarien) XI. IV. Treatises. Pavlotis Loi . . Bulgarisches Recht. Commentar Erbfolggesetz. . Commentar Strafgesetz. . *Most . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. Das . Gerichtsverfahren Entscheidungen. . History Bulgarian Law. Selveli Faillissement. DENMARK. . Codes Statutes. Almindelig Straffelov . . . afO. Damkier. . Udg. . Danmarks Riges Grundlov . . . . Valgloven . . . Kong Christian Vs Lov . V. St. Secher. . Den Nye Norings Lov . . . Lov Hamdvorks Fabriksdrift Handel Bevortning . Ti! . . . . Lov Konkurs . . . . . . . Vexelloven . . . Wulff. . . Decisions Courts. H . Hojesterets Protokolsekre . . Schlegel Samling H . . . Ipsen Scharling Systemat. Oversigt Hojesteretsdomme Sager . . P. C. Muller Oversigt Hojesteretsdomme Sager . . Ill. Journals Law. Lovtidende Kongeriget Danmark . (See NORWAY). lV. Treatises. Danske Lovlexikon . E. Hammerich. Vols. . Deuntzer Den . . Lassen Dansk Obligationsret. Matzen Forlaeseninger Danske Retshistorie . . Secher Fortegnelse Danske . Torp Dansk Tingeret . (See NORWAY) . GARY COLLECTION DENMARK (ICELAND). Forordnung . Island . Parts. Lovsamling Island (Stephenson Sigurdson .) . . FRANCE. . Codes Statutes. Dalloz Verge Les Codes Annotes Nouveau Code Civil . Code Supplement . Code Commerce Supplement . Code ' . Code Supplement . Code Forestier . Code Vols. II III IV Part V. Code ' . [See DECISIONS Infra .] II. Decisions Courts. Dalloz Repertoire . Supplement Repertoire . Recueil . Journal Palais . Merlin Repertoire . Questions . Indexes . Sirey Jurisprudence Indexes. III. Journals Law. Annuaire . . Bulletin Societe . . Nouvelle . . Revue . . Revue . . Revue . . Revue . . Revue Vols. . OF CONTINENTAL LAW. IV. Treatises. Baudry Lacantiniere Traite . . Beaune Nouveaux ' . . Bensa Histoire ' . . Bonolis Les Assurances . Brissaud Manuel ' . . Bracher Flechere Philosophie ' . Les . Demolombe Cours Code Napoleon. Ed . . . Esmein Etudes ! Contrats. . Esmein Cours . ' . . Flach Les ' France. . Fournier Histoire France. . . Garrand Droit P . Garsonnet Traite Procedure. Gavet Sources ' . . Ginoulhiac Cours ' . . . . Giraud Essai ' . Glasson Histoire . France. . Guillouard Cautionnement Transactions Ed . . Contrat Louage . Ed. . Contrat Mariage . Ed. . Contrat Societe Ed. . Contrats Aleatoires Mandat Ed. . Nantissement R . Ed. . Prescription . Ed. . Pret Depot Sequestre Ed. . Privileges Hypotheques . Ed. . Vente L'Echange Ed. . Laferriere Histoire . . Lyon Caen Renault Traite Commercial. . . Planiol Droit . . Pouillet Propriete . GARY COLLECTION Rehfous Actes Societe. Les Assurances. Tardif Histoire . . Viollet Histoire . . Warnkonig Stein Franzosische Staats Rechtsgeschichte. . Wodon La . . FRANCE (ANDORRA). Platon Du Droit Andorran. . GER.MANY. . Codes Statutes. A. Imperial Legislation. Burgerliches Gesetzbuch Entwurf Lesung. . Bfrrgerliches Gesetzbuch Bericht Reichstagscommission . Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch Beratung Reichstag. . Burgerliches Gesetzbuch Reichstagsvorlage. . Burgerliches Gesetzbuch Protokolle Commission . . Lesung Index. Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch Bundesratsvorlage . . Handelsgesetzbuch Stenographische Berichte. . Mugdan Gesammte Materialen . . Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch. . J Sachregister . Entwiirf \ Biirgerliches Gesetzbuchs. Becher Die Ausfiihrungsgesetze Burgerliches Gesetzbuch . . Appendix. Kayser Die GesammtenReichs Justiz Gesetze . . Binding Die Staatsgrundgesetze. . Guttentagsche Smlg. Reichsgesetzen . . Reichsgesetzblatt. . · ' Sammlung ( Brunswick). Graf Hue Grais Handbuch Gesetzgebung Preussen . DeutschenReiche + . . III IX XIV XV ( ). Stoepel Preussisch Deutscher Gesetz Codex. . B. Laws Particular States. Baden Bad. Landrecht. . Polizeistrafrecht (Schlusser). . Neue Bad. Burgerbuch (Wielandt). . Bad. Gesetz Sammlung (Dorner). OF CONTINENTAL LAW. Bavaria Ausfohrungsgesetz . Civilprocess (Habel). . Bav. Justizgesetz (Schmidt). . Bav. Polizeistrafgesetzbuch (Standinger). . Stellung Auslander (Scherber). . Brunswick Sammlung . R . Landesgesetze (Wolff). . Hamburg Sammlung H. Gesetze (Boysen) . . H. Gesetze (Wulff). . Hesse H . Gesetze (Best). . H. Polizeistraffgesetz. . Oldenburg . Landespri (Ruhstrat). . Prussia Guttentagsche Sammlung Preussischer Gesetze . . Staatsmin. Gese Sammlung. . Berlinschcr P Verordn . . Saxony General Repertorium. . Ausfohnmgsgesetz (Arnoldt). . (Grengel). . J . H Gendarmerie. . Wu. Landesgesetze (Gessler). . Polizeistrafrecht. . Elsass Lotltringen E. L. Oeffentliches R (Leoni . . Decision Courts. Mandel). . E. L. Landesgesetze (Michaelis) Sammlung . E. L. . Gesetze (Paffraths . Grossman). . Reimer Wegweiser . Entscheidungen. . Entscheidungen . Koniglich Ober . Ergb. Index . . J . Entscheidungen . Kammergerichts . nicht Gerichtsbarkeit . Strafsachen . . Adler . Friedlander Sammlung . Entscheid. . Handelsgesetzbuch . . Entscheidungen . D. Reichsgerichts Strafsachen . . Entscheidung . D . Reichsgerichts Civilsachen . . . E . R . . GARY COLLECTION III. Journals Law. Annalen . Deutschen Reichs . Gesetzgebung . Archiv Recht . . Archiv Recht. . Archiv Praxis . Deutsche Juristenzeitung Jhrg. . Gerichtssaal . . Jahrbiicher Dogmatik (Gerber Ihering) . Ser. . . . Ser. II. . . Ser. III. ( ) . . Jahrbuch . Vereingigung . Rechtswissenschaft. . . Jahrbuch . Vereinginung . Gewerbliches Rechtsgeschiitz. . . Kritische Vierteljahrschrift Gesetzgebung . . Mitteilungen . Gesellschaft . Rechts · Staatswissenschaft Berlin. . ( Vierteljahrsschrift.) Seuffert' Archiv. . . Striethorst Archiv . Rechtsfalle Ober Tribunal. . . Verhandlungen . Deutschen Juristentages . Gesamtbericht. Vierteljahrschrift . Rechtswissenschaft. . II. . ( Mitteilungen). Zeitschrift Civilrecht Prozess. . . . . Zeitschrift Rechtswissenschaft. . . Zeitschrift . Recht. . . Zeitschrift Recht. . . ( Zeitschrift . . ). Zeitschrift Handelsrecht (Goldschmidt). . Supplements . Zeitschrift Civilrecht. . ( Zeitschr. . Biirgerl. Recht ). Zeitschrift Rechtsgeschichte. . Zeitschrift Savigny Stiftung . Rechtsgeschichte. (German. . Roman. Abtheilungen). . . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. IV. Treatises. Abraham Hanseatische Rechtssprechung. . Alexander Konkursgesetze Lander· . Amira Grundriss . Rechts. . Barre Biirgerliches Gesetzbuch Code Civil. . Bechmann Kauf . & II . . Berg Handbuch . Polizei Rechts . . Bernstein Revision . Wechselordnung. . Beseler System . Privatrechts. . . Bethmann Hollweg Civil μrozess. Binding Grundriss Strafprozessrechts. . . Birkmeyer Encyclopadie. . Boehm Handbuch . Nachlassrechts. . . Bornhak Preussisches Verwaltungsrecht. . Bresslau Urkundenlehre. . . Bruck Die Gegner Deportation. Ueber Spiel Wette. Bruckner Fideicommiss. . Brunner Forschungen Geschichte Rechts. . Anglo Erbfolgesystem. . Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. . Der Anteil Rechts Entwickelung Universitaten. . Entstehung Schwurgerichten. . Grundziige . Rechtsgeschichte. . Zur Rechtsgeschichte . . Urkunden. . Cosack Lehrbuch Rechts . . . Lehrbuch Handelsrechts. . . Dernburg Biirgerliches Recht Reichs Preussens. . II. III. Lehrbuch . Privatrechts. . Eger Enteignung . Grundeigenthums. Vols. Eisenbahnrecht. . Internationales Uebereinkommen Eisenbahnfrachtverkehr. . . Ehrenberg Versicherungsrecht . . GARY COLLECTION Endemann Handbuch . Handelsrechts. . Lehrbuch . . Rechts. . . Ficker Beitra. . Urkundenlehre. . Finger Unerlautender iVettbewerb Kommentar. . Freund Wechselrecht . Friedberg Formelbuch Handelsrecht. . . Frommhold Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. . Gestel Waarenbezeichnung. Gierke Deutches Privatrecht . . Rechtsgeschichte Genossenschaft. . Goldschmidt Handbuch . Handelsrechts . . . System . Handelsrechts .. . Grashof Wechselrecht . Araber. . Grawein Perfection Accepts. . Grimm Deutsche Rechtsalterthii. . . Gros Handbuch . Untersuchungsrichtern. . . Vols. Grii. Enteignungsrecht. . iVechselrecht. . Handbuch . . Konsularwesens. Heusler Gewere. . Institutionen. . Heymann Kommentar Burgerlichen Gesetzbuch. Hiestand Schadenersatzanspruch . Versicherers. . Holtzendorff Encyclopa. Rechtwissenschaft. . Parts . Horten Personalexecution . II . . Jaeger Konkurs . Gese . . Jhering Besitzwille. . Civilrechtsfallen. . . Grund . Besitzschutzes. . . J . . Lebens. . . Kampf Recht. . . Scherz Ernst. . . Trinkgeld. . . Vorgeschichte . Indo Europaer. . Justi Grundriss . Polizeiwissenschaft . Ka. Personenstandgesetz. . Katalog Reichsjustizamt. Ed. Kohler Aus . Patent. . Industrierecht. . . Einfii. . . Rechtswissenschaft. . Handbuch . Patentrechts. . Shakespeare Forum J . . Urgeschichte Ehe. . Pfandrechtliche Studien. . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. Kuhlenbeck Urheberrecht. . Lehmann Recht . Aktiengesellschaften. . Leonhard Irrtum. . Liebermann Die Gesetze Angelsachsen. . Parts . Loewe Strafprozess Ordnung . Reich. . Lorsch . Schroeder Urkunden Geschichte < Privatrechts. . . . Mandry Civilrechtliches Inhalt . Reichs Gesetze. . . Meili Institutionen . Rechtswissenschaft. . Wegweiser II . · Uebersicht Literatur. . Nussbau Leitfaden . Gerichsbarkeit. . Olshausen Kommentar Strafgesetzen . Reichs. . Parisius Cruger Genossenschaftrecht. . . Gesellschaft . Besschriebter Haftung . . Philler Grundbuchordnung. . Planck Burgerliches Gesetzbuch. . Lehrbuch . Deutschen Civilprozess. . Posse Die Lehre Privaturkunden. . Post Grundriss . Jurisprudenz. . . Puntschart Schuldvertrag Treugelobniss . Rechts. . Rieser Grundgedanken . . Kodifizirten Handelsrecht. . Roenne Baupolizei. . . Roetlisberger Urrheberrrecht Landern. . . Sarwley Kommentar Konkursordnung . . Reich . . Schroeder Lehrbuch . Rechtsgeschichte. . . Schaps Deutsches Seerecht. Parts . Schmidt '\Vaarenzeichenrecht. . Schnitzler Rechtsverkehr Deutschland . . Ver. Staaten . Amerika. . . Schulte Lehrbuch . Deutschen Reichs Rechtsgeschichte. . . Seuffert Konkursprozessrecht. . Seligsohn Patentgesetz. . . GARY COLLECTION Siegel Deutsche R . . . Sohm Recht . Eheschliessungen. . Frii. . Romisches Recht. . Spaeing Franz Englisches Wechselrecht. . Franz Englisches Handelsrecht. . Staub Kommentar Wechselordnung. . . Handelgesetzbuch. . . Stephan Schmidt Schutz . Urheberrechts. . Stintzing Geschichte . Reichswechselrecht II & III . . Stobbe Geschichte Rechtsquellen. . . Handbuch Privatrechts. . . . Stoelzel Schulung . Praxis. . Rechtslehre . Rechtsrechnung. . Stoerk Zur Methodik Rechts. Die Litteratur Rechts. Option Plebiscit Eroberungen Gebietcessionen. Struckmann Koch Civilprozessordnungen . aLtfl. . Thudichum Geschichte Privatrechts. . Wagner Seerecht. . . Weber Geschichte Handelsgesellschaft Mittelalter. . . Zallinger iVesen Ursprung Formalismus . . (See INTERNATIONAL LAW) . OR.EECE. Codes Statutes GARY COLLECTION HUNGARY. . Codes Statutes. Corpus Juris Htmgarici Editio . \ . . ( . Latin Hungarian.) (Contents V Articuli . . VI Opus Tripartitum Stephani Werh . VII Approbatae ). Ungarische Gesetzsammlung. ( German Hungarian). A Magyar K . Torveny . Dr. Nagy F. (Commercial Code). Osz t . Ralas E. (Penal Code) . Darday S. Kozigazgatasi Torvenytar. Vols. (Collection ). Low Das Handelsgesetzbuch. Martinet Dareste Code Hongroi . II. Decisions Courts. Dontvenytar. A . Kir. Curia . . . Index. III. J Law. Jogallam Jog . Szerkestik Edv Illes Karoly Baumgarten Nandor Gyomal Zsigmond. . . ( Law State Monthly) . Jogtudomanyi Koslony . S . . Dardai S. Fayer L. . . . Index . (Magazine Legal Science). Jogtudomanyi . ( ) . IV. Treatises. Von Timon A. Ungarische Verf. . R (Schiller' .) Ed . . • (See AusTRIA) . ITALY. . Codes Statutes. Codici Regno ' (Manuali Barbera) . (Text Commentary). OF CONTINENT AL LAW. Prudhomme Code Italien . . Turrel Code Italien . . Code Italien Janvier . . Nani Repertorio ( ). . Nani Supplement . Cronaca Legislativa . . II. Decisions Courts. Annali Giurisprudenza . . Monitore Tribunale . . Ill. Law. Serafini Archivio Giuridico ( ). IV. Treatises. Brandileone I Contratto Matrimonio. . Cattaneo Introduzione Scienze Giuridiche. Calisse Storia . . Chironi Trattato Privilegi Impoteche Pegno . Ficker Forschungen Reichs Rechtsgeschichte Italiens. La Mantia Storia . . Manzini L'Evoluzione Stato Diritto Penale. . Patetta Ordalie. Fertile Storia . . . Pacifici Mazzoni Codice . . Racioppi Forme Stato. . Le Sei Piu Recent Costituzioni Stati Uniti D'America. . Salvioli Manuali . . Schupfer Manuale . . LUXEMBOURG. Codes Statutes Decisions. Code Commerce Luxembourg. Code Luxembourg. Code ' Luxembourg. Relations Luxemburg. Code Luxembourg. GARY COLLECTION Pasinomie Luxembourgeoise (Recueil Lois Decrets Arretes Reglements .. G. . Dl! Luxembourg) . Vols. V. MONACO. ·Codes Statutes. Code Monaco . Collection Monaco . Code Monaco. Code ' Monaco. Code Monaco. Code Commerce Monaco. Ordonnance Consulats \Ionaco. Rolland Projet R Code Procedure Monaco. Rolland Projet Code Procedure Monaco . MONTENEGRO. Codes Statutes. Alimena Legislazione Montenegro. Bogisic Code (Texte ). Cettinj . Bogisic Code (French Dareste Riviere) . Code Biens Dareste. . Codici Montenegro. Gesetzbuch Daniel . Montenegro ( ) . Popovic R Gericht Montenegro . Vernie Wichtigkeit . Montenegr. R . NETHERLANDS. . Codes Statutes. De Nederlandsche W Nov. . J. A. Fruin. . . Ned. Staatswetten (Schuurman) . Oudemans Nederlandsche Wetboeken . . De Nederlandsche Staatswetten Meyer. . Codes Neerlandais Tripels. . . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. II. Decisions Courts. Nederlandsche Regtspraak . . Ill. Journals Law. Themis . . IV. Treatises. Fockema Andreae Bydragen Nederlandsche R . . IV. Molengraaf Leidraad Beoefening Nederlandsche Handelsrecht. (See BELGIUM.) · NOR.WAY. . Codes S . Mejlaender Almindelig Norsk Lovsamling . Ed. . Faerder Norsk Lovsamling . II. Decisions Courts. [See J .] Ill. Journals Law. Tidsskrift Retsvidenskab . Bertyrelsen . Stang' Stiftelse Christiania Years . Norsk R . IV. Treatises. Amira Nordgennanisches Obligationsrecht . Brandt Forelaesinger Norske Retshistorie. . Hagerup Den Norske Civilprocess. Panteret . Nordisk R . Aschoug Berg Krieger . A . . . Plato Norsk Arveret . Scheel Aegtefallers Formuesret. Taranger Udsigt Norske . . (See DENMARK .) GARY COLLECTION PORTUGAL. . Codes Statutes. Codigo Edicao . . Codigo . Codigo Julho . Quinta . Codigo . Cod. Setembro . Code Ier G. Laucyrie Joseph Dubois. . Code Commerce Ernest Lehr . II. Decisions Courts. Gazetta Relacao Lisboa . . III. Journals Law. Direito Revista Jurisprudencia Legislacao J . Luciano Castro. . . ROUMANIA. . Codes Statutes. Codul Romaniei Hancangiu . (Collection .) Code Commerce Roumain Joan Bohl. . II. Decisions Courts. Curierul (Doctrina ) Redactor Ion N. Cesarescu. Bucuresti . III. Journals Law. ( Decisions.) IV. Treatises. Alexandresco Droit Ia Roumanie. . Blaramberg Les Ies Roumanie. . Bohl Le . . OF CONTINENTAL LAW. R.USSIA.* . Codes Statutes. ( ) Codes Law Russian Empire Official . ( ) A. Borovikovsky Law Civil Procedure Decisions Civil Cassation Department Senate. ( ) A. Borovikovsky Civil Laws (Code Laws Vol. . ) Commentary Notes Decisions Civil Cassation Department Senate. ( ) H . S. Taganzoff Code Criminal Corrective Punishment Annotations. ( ) S. G. Stcheglovistoff Criminal Procedural Statutes Emperor Alexander II Commentary Decisions . Tchernow Code Commerce Russe II. Decisions Courts. ( ) Collection Decisions Cassation Departments Senate . Official Edition. III. Law. ( ) Jurist . . ( ) Vestnik Prava (Journal Law) . IV. Treatises. ( ) Anisimoff Documents Certifiable Parish Authorities. V. Budanov Histoire Chrestomathie . Diakoff La Russie . . Halban Geschichte Deutschen Rechts Podolien. R. Hube Histoire . . ( ) Kazansky Function Lectures Legal Faculties. . ( ) Kazansky Corpus Juris Gentium. . Klibanski Die Wechselordnung . Codex R. Civilrechts. . Handtman Russisches Handelsverkehrrecht. Vol. . Lehr Elements . Vols. * Russian Russian . GARY COLLECTION ( ) Leontieff Parish Court Juridical Customs Peasants. Macieiowski S Rechtsgeschichte ( Polish). . ( ) . K. Malisheff Course Civil Laws Russia Finland Poland Baltic Provinces Bessarabia Jews Moslems. ( ) P. Mrotchek Drozdovsky History Russian Law. ( ) Palienko Sovereignty. . ( ) ( ) Poustorosleff Volition Criminal Law. . ( ) Poustorosleff Legal Position Persons Crime. . ( ) Poustorosleff Lectures Special Parts Russian Criminal Law. . ( ) ( ) Poustorosleff Principle Criminality. . ( ) Romanovich Slavatinksy System Russian Political Law. . ( ) B. Stavsky Civil Law Kingdom Poland Decisions IX Department Warsaw ( ) Civil Cassation Department ( ) Senate. ( ) A. Stoff Mining Laws Explanation Mining Laws Russia. RUSSIA FINLAND AND BALTIC PROVINCES. Journals Law. Tidskrift Juridiska Finland Vols. . . Treatises. Broecker Livlandisches Estlandisches . Kurlandisches Privatrecht. Chydenius Hustrus F rm . Forha. . La. Leveransaftalet. Erdmann System Privatrechts Ostseeprovinzen. Vols. Forsman Straffra. . Jarn. Montgomery Handboki Finlands Privatra. . Malisheff ( RussrA) . Schmidt Rechtsgeschichte Liv Est Kurlands Wrede Giftermals . Sakra. . Allma. . . U ts . Konkursra. . Bevisra. . (See SWEDEN). OF CONTINENT AL LAW. SERBIA.* . Codes Statutes. Collection Serbian . Serb. Civ Handelsgesetzbuch. Serb. Civilgesetzbuch. Serb. Strafgesetzbuch. Serb. Gesetzbuch Civilprozess . Serb. Concursegesetzbuch. Serb. Verfassung . II. Decisions Courts. Collection Decisions Serbian Court. III . Law. Branic (Serbian Law Journal) IX . IV. Treatises. System Serbischen Civilrechts. Serb . Jury. Serb. Verwaltungsrecht . Serb. vVechselrecht. Serb. Gem . Serb. Handelsrecht. Serb. Erbfolgerecht. Grenzen Serb. Richtergewalt. Jovanovic Geschichte Serbischen Rechts. Peritch Le Traite Berlin Question Nationalite Rapport Principaute Serbie . SPAIN. . Codes Statutes. Cdigo Civil M. Falcon Vols. Codigo Comercio . V. Romero Giron . Codigo Constitution Monarquia Junio . . . . Ley ! Estado . . . Ley Reglamento Junio . . Leve Code . . Prudhomme Code Commerce . . * All Servian Professor Peritch' . Its . GARY COLLECTION II. Decisions Courts. Jurisprudenzia Vols . . Jurisprudenzia Vols. . III. Journals Law. Revisto Generalo Legislacion Vols. . IV. Treatises. Antequera Historia . Brau Geschichte Rechts . . Chapado Garcia Historia Derecho Espanol. . Estanyol Colom Derecho Canonico (Historia ). . Gil Censos Legislacione . Hinojosa Historia . . Ielfferich Entstehung Geschichte W . . Neumann Derecho International Publico Moderno. . Sela. Perena Puente Derecho U . . Valverde Las Modernas Direcciones Derecho Civil. La Nacionalidad . SWEDEN. . Codes Statutes. Sveriges Rikes Log ( Codes). . Swedish Fundamental Law ( ). . Codes ( ' ' ! ) Grasserie. . (See JOURNALS.) II. Decisions Courts. (See JOURNALS) . [II. Journals Law Nytt Jurisdisk Arkiv Vols. '. ( ). (See NORWAY RussrA FlNLAND.) lY. Treatises. Hagestr Svensk Straffriitt. Nordlung Foreliisningar Arfdabalken. Nordling Boskilnad d dsmaμsbo. Olivecrona Testamentsriitten. W iμr ot Svem .J . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. SWITZERLAND. . Codes Statutes. Bundesgesetzgebung Supplement. Vlolf Schweizerisches Rechtsbuch. Vols. Sammlung Verfassungen. . Sammlung Gesetze . . . Civilrecht Kantons Basel. . Zeerleder Reichel Bernische Civilgesetze. Vols. Code Civil Canton Grisons R. Grasserie. . Jaeger St. Gallisches Privatrecht . Huber Thurgauisches Rech . Aargauisches Rechtsbuch. . Neuchatel Nouveau ( ). Ziircherische Rechtspflege (Straiili). . Luzerner Ziv. . Ziv. . Gesetze (Bossard & Weibel). . II. Decisions Courts. Entsch. . Schweizerischen Bundesgerichts. Vols. . Schweizerische Rechtssprechung (Brodbeck). . Ill. Law. Zeitschrift Schweizerisches Recht Vols. . ( Vols. Vols. ). IV. Treatises. Faesler Bundesgeset . Schuldbetreibung Supplement. Vols. Huber System . Geschichte . Schw Privatrechts. Vols . . Orelli Vorlesungen Schweizerische Rechtsgeschichte . . . Stoos Grundziige . Schweizerischen Strafrechts. Vols. TUR.KEY (IN EUROPE). . Codes S . Destour (Collection Turkish ). Aristarchi Bey Legislation Recueil . Nicolaides. Vols. . Piat Code Commerce . . Meysonnasse Code . . . . . ( ).. .. GARY COLLECTION II. Decisions Courts. Djeridie Mukakisir Hadlie Years Vols. . III. Journals Law. ( Decisions). IV. Treatises. Arslanian Recht Grundeigenthums Erbrecht . . Turkei. . Baillie Digest Mohammedan Law. . Derenbourg Lambert Traite . . Klasim Zia Expose . . MacDonald Muslim Theology Jurisprudence Constitutional Theory. . Nauphal Cours . . Savvas Pacha Theorie . . Le Tribunal . . Tornauw Droit . . Van Berg Minhadj Talibin. . Zuynball Handleiding Kennis Mohammedaansche . . ECCLESIASTICAL LAW.* Corpus Juris Canonici . Friedberg . . Biener Beitrage . Geschichte . Inquisitionsprozess. Esmein Etudes ' . Vols. Fournier Les Officialites . Hinschius Kirchenrecht. Vols. VI . Schulte Geschichte Quellen Literatur Canonischen Rechts Gratian Gegenwart. Vols. Tanon Histoire !' France. R.OMAN LAW. Accarias Precis . . . . Bruns Syrisch R Rechtsbuch. . Corpus Juris Civilis Ed. Kruger Mommsen Schoell Kroll. Vols. . * Roman English . OF CONTINENT AL LAW. Cuq Les Romains. . . Dernburg Pandekten Ed. (Vol. . Ed.). Flach Etudes ' . . Fontes Juris Romani . Bruns Mommsen Gradenwitz . VI. . Gaii Institutiones . Dubois ' Studemund. . Jhering Entwickelung Geschichte . r Rechts. . Jhering Geist Romischen Rechts. . J Romische Wissenschaft . . Republik . . . Jurisprudentia . Huschke. . Lambert L' XII Tables. Karlowa Romische Rechtsgeschichte Vols. II . . Kruger Geschichte Quellen. . Mortreuil Histoire . . Pernice Labeo. Vols. III . Savigny F. C. Geschichte r R Mit. . Lene! Palingenesia. . Vocabularium . Gradenwitz . . Windscheid Pandekten . Vols. Zachariae . Lingenthal Gesch. . Rechts. . INTERNATIONAL LAW.* . Pasicrisie Internationale (La Fontaine) Vol. Revue Hl Vols. VII. Zeitschrift . Privat . Strafrecht . Vols. . La Justice Internationale Vol. . (Monthly Review Decisions International Court Hague.) *These International Law Library ( Annuaire 'Institut Martens' R British Foreign State Papers .) purchasP. Gary . GARY COLLECTION. Le DroiL ' \uLcur Vols. . (Journal International Copyright Union Berne.) (See FRANCE GERMANY.) Treatises Collections. Bonfils Manuel . . . . Calvo Le . . Vols. Collection Isabel II . Marques Olivard . Dumont Rousset Corps ! ' . Charlemagne ' . Vols. Supplement ' . ' !' Charlemagne Barbeyrac . . Negotiations Munster Osnaberg. Vols. Histoire . Vervins ' Nimeque. . Recueil France ( ) . C. Freycinet Jules De Clercq. Vols. Fiore Nouveau . Antoine. Vols. Heffter Europaisches Volkerrecht. . . Leske L R Verkehr. Vols. Martitz Internationale Rechtshilfe Strafsachen. Vols. Pelissier Rausas Le !' Ottomane. Vol. . Pradier Fodere Traite . Vols. Salzedo Clotet Traites . Tome Ier ( ). Weiss Traite . Vols. . Zitelmann Internationales . Vols. . (See AUSTRIA FRANCE GERMANY SPAIN RussIA II SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. An Address Delivered Course Legal Tactics z Luther Lajl£ Mills Esq.* By State . State Illinois " " . . Surviving ' . Christendom . Not · ! ( ) . And * . . LEGAL TACTICS. . Illinois . . State ' . " " la . Jurors . . There . . MANAGEMENT Of A JURY. . . . And . . . Northwestern University Law School Selection Management Jury . . And . ' " " . State . . . . Now appre LEGAL TA CTI CS. . . He . . One . ' . . State . " ." " Every ." " Section Chapter Hurd' Revised Statutes . ." Section Chapter "Jurors Illinois ! proporMANAGEMENT OF A JURY. First. Inhabitants . Second. Of ( ) ( ) . Third. . Fourth. Free English ." . . . . . ' . Statute. To . They . Paragraphs Section Chapter Revised Statutes . " ." . LEGAL TACTICS. . " " English . . To English . . Too ' · . . . . . Never . . His . . Keep . . Christian . . State . MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. . Never { . Pardon . Some State. . . . Indeed . . . After . ' . Upon . . . " . Did ?" "Yes ." "Well " " ." . LEGAL TACTICS. . . . Management Jury . . Of . ' . Generally . He . . Indeed . Thomas Drummond United States Circuit Court . An . . . During . After . He . Beginning path ' ' . MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. Hibernian . ' . . Be . . . Enthusiasm . . . By . Fix ' . On ' Abraham Lincoln . Years County Sangamon State . An . . They · . . While Sheriff County Springfield. No Sheriff . They . Sangamon . To Sangamon . He LEGAL TACTICS. . ' " ." He Abraham Lincoln. . On . A Springfield . . He Lincoln . Twelve . ' . Lincoln . ' . Lincoln . . Lincoln . " Proceed " . ' . He Lincoln . He . He . He . He "My Sangamon . . MANAGEMENT OF A JURY. . Now " ' " ." He "After ." . He " . " . " !" He . ' . There "Lincoln . We ?" . Faith Lincoln . . https://plrccollections.org/files/original/eaa694e7c649074b59e4fe9148661808.pdf 495588aa425a5f42f9e7160e16b79ab1 PDF Text Text SUPPLEMENT SERIES III AUGUST_NOVEMBER, 1904 NUMBERII NOR-THWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAG O-E VANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN LAKE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDING DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY ��CALENDAR OF SESSION, 1904-1905 1904. September 26, Monday, September 27, Tuesday, September 28, \,Yednesday, September 29, Thursday, November 24, Thursda y, December 23, Friday, 1905. January S, Thursday, January 26, Thursday, January 30, Monday, February 4, Saturday, February 6, Monday, February 22, ·wednesday, May 20, Saturday, May 25, Thursday, June rs, Thursday, Registration Day for New Students. Registration Day for Applicants for Advanced Standing. Registration Day for Other Students. Lectures Begin. Thanksgiving Recess. Lectures Close for Christmas Recess. Christmas Recess Ends, Begin. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. V\Tashington's Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement Day. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Entered at the _Post Office at Chica~o. Ill., as second-class matte 1 Lectures �REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY FOR 1904.* EDMUND JANES JAMES, Ph. D., LL. D. , President of the University. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, (A . M., LL. B., Harvard University) Professor oj Law and Dean of the Fq,culty. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD, (LL. D .. Northwestern University) Emeritus Professor of Law. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE, (A. M ., Yale University; LL. B .. Harvard University) Associate Professor of Law. ALBERT MARTIN KALES, (A. B., LL. B., Harvard Universit y) Associate Professor of Law. SAMUEL ADAMS , (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B. , Northwestern University) Assistant Professor in the Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE, (A. B., Amherst College; LL. B., Northwe•tern University) Associate Professor of Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD, (A. 114., LL. B., Harvard University) Professor oj Law. LOUIS MAY GREELEY, (A. B., Harvard University) Professor in the Law of Conveyancing and Mortgages. *Arranged, with the exception of President and Dean, within each 2roup in the order of seniority of appointment. 2 �THE LAW SCHOOL. 3 LEVI HAR.PER FULLER. (B. S., Upper Iowa University; LL. B., Iowa State Univenity) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD, (A. M., Dickinson College; LL. M., Cornell University) Professor of Law. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Patents. WILLIAM H. DYRENFORTH, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Patent Practice. OTTO RAYMOND BARNETT, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Associate Professor in the Law of Patents. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. Lectursr on Legal Ethics. EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM , (A. B., Northwestern University) Instructor in Voice Training and Forensics. HENRY LEE PRESCOTT, (A. B .• LL. B., Harvard UniTersity) Instructor in Forensics. JOSEPH ROBERT, Instructor in Parliamentary Law. CHARLES PICKARD, Lecturer on Trade-Mark and Copyright. CHARLES BYRD ELDER, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Extraordinary Legal Remedies and!Judgments. HENRY CLAY HALL, (B. S., Wabash College ; LL. B. , Northwestern University) Lecturer on Insurance. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Secretary of the Law School and of the Faculty. ��REVISED COURSES OF INSTRUCTION AS GIVEN IN 1904-. FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM . C011tracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Torts-Three hours a week. Ames' and Smith's Cases on Torts. Professor VhGMOtiE. Property (!)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. I, II. ( Personal property; tenures and estates in real property ; fixtures, profits, easements, covenants running with land, rents.) Professor KALES. Co1111non Law Pleading and Procedure-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Pleading; Andrews' Stephen on Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Crimes and Criminal Proced·1 tre-Two hours a week. Beale's Cases on Criminal Law. Professor LEE. SECOND TERM . Contracts (continued)-Three hours a week. Professor \Iv OODW ARD. Torts (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor WIGMORE. Prop erty (I) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Com·mo11 Law Pleading and Proced11,re (continued)-One hour a week. Lectures and practical exercises. Professor ADAll!S. Master and S ervaut in Tort-One hour a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor WIGMORE. Dam.ages-One hour a week. Beale's Cases on Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM. Evidence-Two hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Evidence, 2d Professor WIGMORE. edition. Trusts-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Trusts. Professor WooDWARD. Agency- Two hours a week. \Vambaugh's Cases Ort Agency. Prnfoss@r ·l,1n111s, 5 �6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Comniercial Paper-Three· hours a week. and Notes. Ames' Cases on Bills Professor HYDE. Equity Jurisdiction-Thre e hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity Professor SCHOFIELD. Jurisdiction. Property (JJ}-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. III, IV. (Acquisition of real property inter vivos, including deeds, covenants, etc.; devolution of property at death, including Professor KALES. descent, wills, administration, etc.) Perso11s (Domestic Relatio 11s)-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Persons. Professor KALES. SECOND TERM. E,:idence (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor Vv'rGMORE. RropertJ' (II) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Equity Jurisdiction ( continued)-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Quasi-Contracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on QuasiProfessor WooDw ARD. Contracts. [Given in 1904-1905, and alternate years.] Sales of Personalty-Three hours a week. Williston's Cases on Professor WooDw ARD. Sales. [Omitted in 1904-1905, and alternate years.] Insurance (Fire and Life}-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Insurance. Mr. HALL. Equity Pleading and Pro cedure-Two hours a week. Fletcher on Equity Pleading; and practical exercises. Professor ADAMS. THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations-Two hours a week. tions. Smith's Cases on CorporaProfessor LITTLE. Procedure and Practice -in Illinois-Two hours a week. Professor FOLLANSBEE. International Law ( I )-Two hours a week. Scott's Cases on International I.aw, Professor HYDE, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 International Law (JJ)-American Treaties and Diplomacy; topics Professor HYDE. for re~earch. Two hours a week. Sttret·y ship-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Suretyskip. Professor LITTLE. fttdgments and Aiixiliary Legal Remedies (Attachments, Garnishment, Execution, etc.)-One hour a week. Rood's Cases on Attachments and Judgments. Mr. ELDER. C onstitittional Law-Three hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (lll}-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. V, VI. ( Conditional and future interests; restraints on alienation; fraudulent transfers; registration of deeds; conversion and election; joint ownership; curtesy and dower; homestead.) Professor KALES. Admiralty mtd M ariite lnsitrance-Three hours a week. Professor HYDE. Conveyancing-One hour a week. Drafting exercises, study of selected abstracts, and lectures on practice. Professor GREELEY. Conflict of Laws-Three hours a week. Beale's Cases on Conflict Professor HYDE. of Laws. Code Pleading and Proceditre-One hour a week. Cases on Code Professor WOODWARD. Pleading. Practice Court-Two hours a week, at a single session. Causes prepared and conducted through all details of litigation, by students as attorneys and counselors, under the direction of a professor as judge. Professor ,FULLER. *Patents of Invention (!}-General Survey. Five lectures. Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II and III will not be given, unless at least twenty special students apply for them before October 15. (/l}-Patent Soliciting. Twenty lectures, with practical exerProfessor DYRENFORTH. cises. (III)-Patent Law and Practice. Forty lectures. Professor BA:RNETT. •These three form a single course: the first part is open to all studentq; the second and third parts are open to students of the second and third years, and to special students, but cannot be taken separately. The nutnber of lectures is equiValent to two hours a week through the year, and vrQrk lu. t;hg course will therefore be credited as four term hour,., �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SECOND TERM. Corporations (continued)-Two hours a week (with exercises in conducting corporate legal business, drafting instruments, etc.). Professor LITTLE. Bankrnptcy-Two hours a week. vVilliston's Cases on Bankruptcy. Professor WooDWARD. Constitutional Law (continucd)-Two hours a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. Carriers-Three hours a week. McClain's Cases on Carriers; Beale's Cases on Carriers. Professor HYDE. [Omitted in 1904-1905, and alternate years.] Conveyancing (continued)-One hour a week. Professor GREELEY. Mortgage$-Two hours a week. Kirchwey's Cases on Mortgages. Professor GREELEY. Public Officers-One hour a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. [Omitted in 1904-1905, and alternate years.] Practice Co11rt (continued)-Two hours a week, at a single Professor FULLER. session. Pateiits of Invention (continued). Professor BARNETT. Property (III) (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Municipal Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Municipal Corporations. Professor ScHoFiELD. Partnership-T\'vo hours a week. Ames' Cases on Partnership. Professor LITTLE. E xtraordinary Legal R e·medies (Mandamus, Quo Warranto, Habeas Corpus, etc.)-One hour a week. Mr. ELDER. Jurisdiction of Federal Cottrfs-One hour a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. The total number of term hours offered for selection in this curriculum is one hundred and eleven, the equivalent of nearly fifty -six hours a week through the year. The courses being graded as carefully as possible between the three year-groups, no first-year student may take courses in the second or third year-groups without special permission; and no second year student may take courses in the third year-group (except Constitutional Law and Patents of Invention) without special permission; and a third-year student taking the courses of Conveyancing and Property III n1ust already have taken the courses of Property I and II. But any regular student i11~y take any course offered in the group of the year for wiiicfl he is t!nteted; or ~-11¥ ~ourse not already taken by him in a precedii-lg year, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 9 COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE. Trade-Marks and Copyrights-Six lectures. Mr. PICKARD. General Review-Five hours a week for a month; given twice, in September and April, prior to the State examination for admiss.ion to the bar. Mr. DENT. Legal Ethics-Five lectures. Professor FOLLAN SBEE. SCHEDULE OF HOURS. The schedule of hours is so arranged that the courses are given in general as follows : first year courses, between one and four o'clock in the afternoon; second year courses, between nine and twelve o'clock in the morning; third year courses, between three and seven o'clock in the afternoon. The Practice Court is held in the evening at half past seven. SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. In addition to the systematic instruction in the body of the law, as represented in the foregoing curriculum, an effort is made to provide adequate training in the practical use of legal knowledge and discipline, as well as in certain important details of legal writing and speaking, which help materially to equip the accomplished lawyer. The various branches of work directed to this end are as follows: I. Pleadings and Other lnstrmnents-ln the courses on Common Law Pleading, Code Pleading, and Equity Pleading, in addition to the systematic course of study, the student is given exercises in the drafting of the various kinds of pleadings. In Corporations, the class is formed, during the second term, into two corporations, which organize, elect officers, issue stock, enlarge capital, keep books, consolidate, and do various other acts of corporate business which call for the drafting of instruments and otherwise familiarize the student with the modes of using the legal knowledge acquired. In the other courses, particularly Commercial Paper, Carriers, Insurance, and the like, particular attention is paid to the study of forms of instruments in common use. 2. Conveyancing-In the course pn conveyancing the chief material of the work consists in a series of selected abstracts of title, some fifteen in all, representing the greatest variety of document3 and proceedings involving property rights. A separate copy of each abstract is placed in the hands of every member of the class, and a detailed study is made of the various matters of form and substance from the conveyancer's point of view, and with regard to the laws of the different States. Thorough work in this course ought to equip the student as a practical conveyancer at the time of 'his entering upon his profession. No one may take this course who has not already taken the courses Property I and II. �10 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 3. Practice Coiirt-In the several courses of lectures on Procedure and Practice a systematic and detailed survey is taken of the rules of law. In the Practice Court an opportunity is given to the third-year students to become practically familiar with these rules by the personal application of them in litigation managed by the student himself. The Court's sessions are held weekly, on Thursday evenings, for two hours. During each session from one to three cases are tried, with and without a jury; and other cases are disposed of in various aspects. In the mean time, between the sess.ions, numbers of causes are being prepared and advanced from .tage to stage by the student-attorneys in charge. While the proceedings are dispatched, at the hearings, by the respective attorneys, all other members of the class are required to attend and make notes and reports of the work being clone, so that each one obtains aome lilenefit also from what is done in his presence by others. A faithful observance of the work of this course ought to give the graduate such an experience in using his legal knowledge as will assist him materially to start in his profession with greater readiness and practical facility. The systematic pursuit of such work under an experienced instructor obtains for the student the same results as a period of desultory service in a law office, and is more economical in time and more thorough and accurate in quality. A copy of the printed Rules of the Practice Court will be mailed to any one upon request. 4. Legal Tactics-For the past two years, on every Monday evening until April, an address was given, by some well-known member of the Bar, upon some topic of practice in which he had had special experience, and in which the communication of personal experience was of special value as a guide to others. This course has been of particular value to young practitioners already at the Bar, and will be repeated in r904-r905, with some variations. 5. Thesis-It is the desire of the Faculty to encourage original research by students. Any member of the third-year class may · therefore obtain credit to an amount not exceeding two term hours by presenting a satisfactory thesis upon some legal topic approved by a member of the Faculty before December rst. The the!lis must be presented on or before May r5th of the year in which the student ·expects to graduate; it must be printed on the typewriter or otherwise, and is to be kept permanently in the school. The work should be begun not later than December. 6. Public Speaking-The function of a lawyer, as the persuasive adviser and leader of men, needs for its development some training in oral argument and debate, use of the voice, conduct of meetings, and the like. �THE LAW SCHOOL. FOLLOWING ARE THE REVISED REGULATIONS 11 FOR THE WORK IN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND MOOT COURTS IN 1904-5. The instruction now provided under the heads of Public Speaking and Moot Courts shall be consolidated into a single graded course continuing through the three years. The work in this course shall be required for graduation, beginning with all persons entering in 1904. Persons entering with advanced standing who have not taken equivalent work elsewhere are subject to the remaining requirements, applicable to the class which they enter, except that a candidate for a degree in one year may be exempted from specified parts of the work, or may be required to substitute the second year for the third year work. The course at large shall be entitled Forensic vVriting and Speaking. In the first year it shall be entitled, Forensics, Lectures and Exercises; in the second year, Moot Court and Public Debate ; in the third year, Practical Legal Advice. The credit for work done shall be as follows : First year, r term hour; second year, 1 term hour; third year, 1 term hour. The first year work shall be as follows: I. a. Parliamentary Practice; October; ( r) Elementary Course, followed by examination; (2) advanced course, followed by an examination or thesis; this to be open only to not more than twenty students passing the best examination in the elementary course, and not to be a required part of the work. b. Voice Training; November to January, inclusive; exercises in sections of twelve or fifteen, once a week. c. Legal _Arg11mentatio11 and Briefs; November to April, inclusive; once a week at 3 :45 P . M.; not more than twenty lectures on Argumentation, accompanied by individual exercises in BrieJwriting, subject to private correction and public criticism by the instructor. d. Oral Forensics; May; the last two weeks before the final examinations; all fir st year regular lecture courses ceasing, the corresponding hours are to be occupied by Oral Forensics in each course, held by the Professor in that course, sitting with the instructor in �12 NORTHWESTERN UNIVBRSITY. Forensics. A list of numbered debatable propositions drawn from the subjects of the respective courses shall be posted not later than l\Iarch r. For work clone in; parts a (!), b, c and d, combined, a credit of one term hour is to be allowed. The second year work shall be as follow s : II. a. Moot Courts. In the second year a Moot Court shall be held every Friday from November I to May r, at I :45 P. M. The second year class shall be divided into two sections, A and B, each section to meet on alternate weeks. The work shall consist of the preparation and delivery of arguments and opinions of law on statements of facts assigned beforehand. All statements of facts shall be delivered to the counsel in the case by October I. Each Professor shall preside at three cases consecutively. The chief counsel, two on each side, shall hold a conference with the presiding Professor fo ur weeks before the day set for argument at an hour appointed on the Bulletin Board; at this conference, each side shall present (in separate consultation), an outline of the proposed argument, in the form of brief propositions without citation of authorities, and the Professor shall make such criticism and revision as may seem desirable. One week beforehand, counsel on each side shall post on the official bulletin board a copy of their final brief, with citation of authorities in type-writing, or plain handwriting on legal cap paper, and he shall hand another copy to the opposing side. On the day of argument, the Professor shall preside as judge, with two members of the section as associate judges. Each attorney assigned shall be allowed not more than ten minutes for argument in chief. All the other members of the same section shall attend, and each member, not assigned as counsel or judge, shall make an argument, not to exceed five minutes; in at least every other case, i. e., at least once every four weeks. The assigned counsel shall then have not more than five minutes each for closing. The instructor in Public Speaking shall then make such criticism as may appear necessary, and the presiding judge shall then do the same, this closing stage to be allotted not more than twenty minutes. An opinion shall be written by the associate judges and filed at the Secretary's office not later than one week after the elate of argument. The mark of each member of the section shall be determined by his work as counsel, assigned and unassigned, and as judge. No student shall be recommended for a degree (except by unanimous vote of the Faculty) who has not satisfactorily done the work of �THE LAW SCHOOL. 13 this course; except that persons entering the third year class from another School may by vote be excused from this work. b. Public Debate. A student entering the preliminary contests for the Towle Prizes for Public Speaking in April and being selected for the second preliminary and taking part therein, may receive a credit of one term hour. No student shall be eligible for this contest who has not taken the work of I, a, b and c, or the equivalent in another School. The third year work shall be as follows: III. a. Legal Advice Cl11bs. All third year students are to enter Legal Advice Clubs, formed by voluntary selection on or before October ro, supplemented by assignments to vacancies by the Secretary of the School; each club to contain not less than four nor more than six members, and to elect a Secretary. Difficult cases ;irising in actual practice, sent in for advice for alumni or other practitioners will be submitted to the Clubs in rotation as the cases come in. On 24 hours' notice to the Secretary of the Club, the Club is to meet the Dean or a Professor specially in charge, at 3 :15 P. M., in his office, and to discuss the ques tions involved; a written opinion, citing authorities, is to be handed the Professor specially in charge within seven days or such other time as may be agreed upon. b. B11reait of Justice. After December r not more than ten students are to be assigned for practical office and trial work as assistants in the Chicago Bureau of Justice, University Branch, either to the Settlements or Police Courts, as may appear most practicable. The assignments to be made to those who beforehand file their names with the Secretary of the School, in order of the time of filing and rank of the student in scholarship, but no student having grade C in more than one course to be eligible for assignment. The number of hours of work from each person to be determined by agreement with the Superintendent of the Bureau. (This work is not yet organized for 1904-5.) For work done in part a a credit of one term hour to be allowed to each member of a club; provided that club has furnished n9t less than eight cases in the year. 7. PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR REQUIRED WORK IN LEGAL HISTORY AND JURISPRUDENCE, 1904-5. Course A (First Year). llltroduction to Legal History and the Study of Law. Materials for prescribed reading: ( a) Blackstone's Commentaries (any edition), Introduction, Sections 2, 3; Book I, Chapters 2, S, 9; Book III, Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7; Book I, Chapters rr, 12; Book III, Chapters r8, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 27; Book IV, �14 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Chapters 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 32; Book II, Chapters 4, 5; Book IV, Chapter 33; (b) Wambaugh's Study of Cases; (c) Woodruff's Introductory Survey; and ( d) Wilson's History of Modern English Law. One term hour of credit. Course B ( Second Year). History of the English Legal System. Materials for prescribed reading: Pollock & Maitland, History of the English Law, Volume I; and, 2. History of the Bench and Bar in Modern Times. Materials for prescribed reading: Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors ( from Lord Hardwicke). One term hour of credit. Course B B (Second Year optional) . I. History of the Leading Principles of the Law. Materials for prescribed reading: Pollock & Maitland, History of the English Law, Vol. II, or, Sundry Essays on Legal History (in various law journals, etc. ; a printed list of the titles and citations is on file in the Secretary's Office) ; and 2. History of the Bench and Bar: Materials for prescribed reading : ( a) Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors (from Sir Thomas More); (b) any one of the following four: Campbell's Lives of the Chief Justices (from Sir Edward Coke), Arnould's Life of Lord Denman, Autobiography of Lord Campbell, Twiss' Life of Lord Eldon; and ( c) Brown's Life of Rufus Choate. One term hour of credit. Course C (Third Year) . I. General Jurisprudence. Materials for prescribed reading: ( a) Austin's Jurisprudence, or Holland's Jurispri1dence, or Terry's Principles of Law; (b) Lee's Historical Jurisprudence; and (c) Maine's Ancient Law. One term hour of credit. or, 2. International Law. Materials for prescribed reading: as prescribed and examined upon in International Law I of the Curriculum. Two term hour3 of credit. or, 3. Roman Law. Materials for prescribed reading: Poste's Edition of Gaius, or (b) Mayle's Edition of Justinian, or ( c) Ledlie's Translation of Sohm's Institutes of Roman Law; or ( d) Muirhead's Private Law of Rome, or ( e) Whitefield's Translation of Salkowski's Roman Law; of these ( e) is most recommended. One term hour of credit. or, 4. History. of Germanic Law. Materials for prescribed reading: either ( a) Hensler's Institutionen des deutchen Rech ts, or (b) Brunner's Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. One term hour of credit. Reg11/ations for the foregoing work . . (I) For graduation, a credit of not less than an average grade of C must have been obtained in Course A, Course B, r and 2, and Course C, r or 2 or 3 or 4. An examination in each course of reading will be held at the end of �THE LAW SCHOOL. 15 each term and at the beginning of the first term. A student may take the examination at either of these times, except that a first or second year student failing at a first term examination may not take it again until the s ucceeding year. (2) A student entering with advanced standing must take only the remaining .work prescribed for the class which he enters; except that a student entering as a candidate for a degree in one year must also take Course B. (3) Course B B is optional. (4) Cred it is given for each course as noted above. (5) Th e requirements of this work for graduation does not apply to class of 1905; but the credits of any of the Courses B, B B and C, may be obtained by members of that class taking the examinations. (6) A student who at college or a law school has already obtained credit for work equivalent to Course C, r, 2, 3, or 4, will be given credit for that Co urse as required in this School; but may also obtain credit by doing the work of any remaining Course not elsewhere taken. (7) No lectures are given 111 any of these Courses (except C, which is identical with the lecture course of International Law I.) ; the work is done by private study. But the Courses are under the supervision of the Dean, who will give any desired advice on the subjects of study. 2, (8) The credit in any of the Courses C will count as one of the required ten term hours of the Third Year. Students are recommended to own the books named if they can afford to purchase them. But the School will provide a sufficient number of duplicate copies of the books named for the prescribed reading. Students are also recommended to do the reading for Courses B, B B and C ( I, 2, 3, or 4) during the summer vacations, and to take the examinations given at the beginning of the first term. (Net total of requirements: First Year, three small volumes of reading; Second Year, one large volume and four small ones; Third Year, one to three moderate volumes.) �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. TUITION FEES . The tuition fee for regular students is one hundred and five dollars a year, payable in three installments of thirty-five dollars each, October 1st, January roth, and April rst. A rtibate of five dollars is allowed to students who pay the entire tuition in advance on October 1st. Special students are charged at the rate of five dollars for each hour of class-room work for a ha! f year. The fee for the course in Patent Law is twenty-five dolalrs. The fee for the course in General Review is ten dollars to members or graduates of this school; to all others the fee is fifteen dollars. PRIZES. I. The Towle Prizes.-A first prize of $100, and a second prize of $50, the gift of Henry Sargent Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law School Committee of the Board of Trustees, will be awarded to the students who have taken the course in Forensic \Vriting and Speaking (I a, b, c, and d.), who shall, in public competition at the completion of the course, be adjudged most proficient in the work of the course. These prizes are open only to those who take course I a, b, c, and d. In 1903-1904 the Towle Prize of $100 was awarded to Sylvanus George Levy, Ph. B., of the third-year class, and the Towle Prize of $50 to Warren Marcus Davis, of the first year class. The questiqn debated was, "Resolved, that the Duration of Copyright should be Unlimited." 3. The Callaghan Pri::e.-A prize of fifty dollars in books, to be selected from their own publications, the gift of Messrs. Callaghan and Company, of Chicago, will be awarded annually to the member of the graduating class having the best record in scholarship for the entire course. In 1904 the Callaghan Prize was awarded to Clayton Jackson Barber, Ph. B., of Springfield. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons applying for admission as regula.r students must answer the following requirements: Age- They must be not less than eighteen years of age. Preliminary Ed"11catio11-A candidate for a degree must have a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school. For the proof of such education required se~ page 21. 3. Time of Entrance-No applicant not coming from another law I. 2. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 17 school will be admitted to the first-year class after the second week in January, for the reason that the courses of study are carefully graded, and an acquaintance with earlier courses is necessary for the pursuit of the later ones. Those who do not enter by the beginning of January cannot work with profit to themselves, and are a hindrance to the progress of others. All students intending to enter the school are strongly urged to do so at the beginning of the year. The disadvantage of delay is great, especially to students who intend to practice Jaw in Illinois. ADVANCED STANDING. The requirements in regard to advanced standing are explained under the title " Degrees." SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons not desiring to be candidates for a degree may pursue one or more courses as special students, provided they are qualified to pursue such courses to advantage. They will receive a certificate of all work done, and they may at any time enter as candidates for a degree, provided they are qualified under the above requirements. No special student may take more than twenty-five term-hours of work in one year without special permission from the Dean. DEGREES. All degrees are conferred at the general University Commencement. On this occasion all candidates for degrees are required to present themselves in person, the Oxford cap and gown being worn as the official dress. I. BACHELOR OF LAWS. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School. Such students will be recommended as, in the judgment of the Faculty, are of fit character and have complied wi~h the follGw ~ ing requirements i �18 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. I. Attendance-Regular attendance for three years is required of all students with the following exceptions: I. Students who have studied law for one year, either in a college in good standing, or a law school, may obtain a degree in two years. 2. Students who have satisfactorily completed two years' study in a law school in good standing may obtain a degree in one year. 3. Students who have satisfactorily completed one year's study in a law school in good standing, and who have also studied law for one year in a college or law school in good standing, may become candidates for a degree in one year by obtaining special permissio1'! from the Dean. ADV AN CED STANDING. II. All applications for advanced standing must be presented before November 1st, of the applicant's year of entrance. III. Registration. Candidates for a degree must regi ster for work amounting to at least ten hours a week for each year. IV. Course of Study. All candidates for a degree must pass examinations in courses amounting to sixty-six term hours (th~ equivalent of courses of study of eleven hours a week for three years); provided that in reckoning the required number of term-hours required for graduation there must be included at least ten hours of credit obtained in each term of the third year. But persons who have satisfactorily completed a two-years' course of study in a law school in good standing will be excused one-half of the examinations above required. Persons who have satisfactorily completed less than two years' study of law in a college or law school in good standing, may be given credit for this work and be exc used from these examinations to such extent as shall be determined in each case by the Dean . The specific subjects in which such credit may be given will be determined by the Secretary at the time of admission. Fou r grades are given for work done. The grades are as follows: A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure. A student may not count a course in which he obtains grade C, except he obtains grade A in another course or courses of equivalent amount; and except that he may count courses in which he obtains grade C to the extent of one-sixth of the total work required to be done by him in this School for graduation. II. MASTER'S DEGREE. The Master's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters will be conferred under the following conditions: �THE LAW SCHOOL. 19 A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or of some other in which the requirements for the Bachelor's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters are equivalent to the requirements for the same degree at this University, may obtain the Master's degree at the same time with the degree of Bachelor of Laws by pursuing, with the sanction of the Faculty of Liberal Arts , advanced work in subjects approved by that Faculty, and obtaining credit in such work to the amount of twelve semester-hours; and by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses of study may, in part or entirely, deal with legal subjects; but courses of legal study, in order to count for the degree, must be (a) of an advanced nature; ( b) not otherwise counted for the degree of Bachelor of Laws; ( c) pursued under the direction of a member of the Faculty of the Law School. Students in law, intending to become candidates for the Master's degree, must register for the same in the College of Liberal Arts and in the Law School on or before the first Monday in October of the year in which they expect to graduate, and must pay the diploma fee of ten dollars. The Master's degree is open upon the same terms to graduates· of the Law School who register before the October next following the completion of their professional course. The following subjects have been approved by the Faculty of Liberal Arts, and work therein may be counted for the Master's degree: Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS. Six assistant librarians and monitors are appointed annually. These receive free tuition in compensation for their services. Applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of the Law School. �RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries in regard to Admission to the Bar of Illinois should be addressed to N. W, Branson, Secretary of the State Board of Law Examiners, Petersburg, Ill. The rules governing admission to the bar of Illinois provide that all applications for admission shall be made to the Supreme Court of the State, and shall be based upon a report of the State Board of Law Examiners; that examinations shall be held "at Ottawa on the last Tuesday of Februrary, at Chicago the fourth Tuesday of June, at Springfield the first Tuesday of October, and at Mt. Vernon the first Tuesday of December, in each year"; that all applicants for admission must pass satisfactory examinations "upon the law of real and personal property, personal rights, contracts, evidence, common law and equity pleading, partnership, bailments, negotiable instruments, principal and agent, domestic relations, wills, corporations, equity jurisprudence, criminal law, and upon the principles of the constitutions of the State and of the United States, and legal ethics"; that an applicant who fails to pass such examination shall not be admitted to a subsequent examination within six months of such failure; that each applicant shall pay in advance a fee of ten dollars to said Board of Law Examiners, and shall file affidavits as to age and citizenship, and a transcript from a court of record of Illinois showing good moral character; that the applicant shall have a general preliminary education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this state, and that he shall have pursued the study of law for the period of three consecutive years of at least thirty-six weeks in each year; and that such study shall have been pursued in an established law school considered by the Board to be in good standing, or under the tuition of one or 111ore licensed lawyers, and that the applicant, if studying uncler suc;h tuition, has submitted to regular and satisfactory 20 �THE LAW SCHOOL. 21 examinations by such lawyer or lawyers during said period, upon each subject. All of above proof must be submitted on prescribed forms. Rule 2 of the Board of Law Examiners, which sets forth the required proof of academic education, and governs the admission of regular students to this Law School, is as follows: " Each applicant for admission, upon examination, shall present with his application satisfactory proof in writing that he has had a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this State. A three years' English course, consisting of Algebra, Geometry, Ancient History, Physiology, Rhetoric, Physics, and Physical Geography, each one year; Botany and Bookkeeping, one year; Mediceval and Modern History, with special reference to English and American History, one year; English and American Literature, one year; and English Composition, one year, will be accepted as such equivalent. "In case of the omission by the applicant of any one or more of such studies, except English and American History and Literature, the equivalent of such omitted study or studies, in any science, or in any classical or modern language (Latin being especially recommended), will be accepted in lieu of such omitted study or studies. "The proof required by this rule that the applicant has satisfactorily pursued the said studies or their equivalents, for the requisite periods, may be by either one or more of the following instruments : "I. Tlie diploma of any University or College in good standing; or "2. The diploma of a high school in this State, where such diploma designates the several studies pursued and the length of time devoted to each; or "3. The diploma of a high school in this State, accompanied with the certificate of the principal of such school, �22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. designating the several studies pursued, and the length of time devoted to each ; or "4. The affidavit of a principal of a high school in this State, or other high school teacher or teachers under whom the applicant has studied ( or, in case of the death or absence of such principal or teacher, then the affidavit of any credible witness or witnesses having knowledge of the facts), designating the several studies pursued, the length of time devoted to each, and as nearly as possible the applicant's degree of proficiency in each study; or "5. The affidavit of the principal of a high school of this State, or of a superintendent of schools having a high school under his supervision, showing his special examination of the applicant for the purpose of an application for admission to the bar, stating the date and place of examination and the time consumed therein, and giving the true and just grade or proficiency shown by such applicant in each study, on a scale of 100; or "6. The diploma of any accredited school, not in Illinois, whose graduates are admitted on a diploma to the freshman class of any University or College, in good standing, in the State or country in which such school is located; such fact to be evidenced by the certificate of the President or Secretary of such University or College, under the corporate seal of the institution; or "7. The certificate of the President or Secretary of any University or College in good standing, under the seal of the institution, that the applicant has been admitted to the freshman or any higher class of such institution, without conditions, or upon conditions which had since been complied with." Rule 5, defining a law school in good standing, requires that: ''An established law school to be considered in good standing must faithfully teach the several branches of law specified in Rule 39 of the Supreme Court, and must require recitations averaging ten hours or more each week," ����·-= WP unn ChlC" i 0. � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law: Supplement</div> Description An account of the resource A supplement to the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i> featuring a revised list of course offerings. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1904 November Supplement Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 November Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SUPPLEMENT SERIES III AUGUST NOVEMBER NUMBERII NOR THWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAG O E VANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CALENDAR OF SESSION . \ Yednesday . S · Registration Day New Students. Registration Day Applicants Advanced Standing. Registration Day Students. Lectures Begin. Thanksgiving Recess. Lectures Close Christmas Recess. Christmas Recess Ends Lectures Begin. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. V\Ta ' Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement Day. MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Entered Post Office Chica . Ill. REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY FOR .* EDMUND JANES JAMES Ph. D. LL. D. President University. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE (A . M. LL. B. Harvard University) Professor Law Dean Fq . HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD (LL. D .. Northwestern University) Emeritus Professor Law. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE (A. M . Yale University LL. B .. Harvard University) Associate Professor Law. ALBERT MARTIN KALES (A. B. LL. B. Harvard University) Associate Professor Law. SAMUEL ADAMS (A. B. Harvard University LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Procedure Practice. JOHN HENRY SHELDON LEE (A. B. Harvard University LL. B. Northwestern University) Assistant Professor Law Crimes Criminal Procedure. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE (A. B. Amherst College LL. B. Northwe• University) Associate Professor Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD (A. . LL. B. Harvard University) Professor Law. LOUIS MAY GREELEY (A. B. Harvard University) Professor Law Conveyancing Mortgages. *Arranged President Dean . THE LAW SCHOOL. LEVI HAR.PER FULLER. (B. S. Upper Iowa University LL. B. Iowa State Univenity) Professor Law Procedure Practice. FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD (A. M. Dickinson College LL. M. Cornell University) Professor Law. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM (LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Patents. WILLIAM H. DYRENFORTH (LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Patent Practice. OTTO RAYMOND BARNETT (LL. B. Northwestern University) Associate Professor Law Patents. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE (A. B. Harvard University LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Procedure Practice. Lectursr Legal Ethics. EBENEZER WASHINGTON ENGSTROM (A. B. Northwestern University) Instructor Voice Training Forensics. HENRY LEE PRESCOTT (A. B .• LL. B. Harvard UniTersity) Instructor Forensics. JOSEPH ROBERT Instructor Parliamentary Law. CHARLES PICKARD Lecturer Trade Mark Copyright. CHARLES BYRD ELDER (LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Extraordinary Legal Remedies !Judgments. HENRY CLAY HALL (B. S. Wabash College LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Insurance. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY (LL. B. Northwestern University) Secretary Law School Faculty. REVISED COURSES OF INSTRUCTION AS GIVEN IN . FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM . C Three . Keener' Cases Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Torts Three . Ames' Smith' Cases Torts. Professor VhGMOtiE. Property (!) Two . Gray' Cases Property Vols. II. ( Personal .) Professor KALES. Co Law Pleading Procedure Two . Ames' Cases Pleading Andrews' Stephen Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Crimes Criminal Proced· Two . Beale' Cases Criminal Law. Professor LEE. SECOND TERM . Contracts ( ) Three . Professor \Iv OODW ARD. Torts ( ) Two . Professor WIGMORE. Property ( ) ( ) Two . Professor KALES . Com·mo Law Pleading Proced ( ) One . Lectures . Professor ADAll!S. Master S Tort One . Wambaugh' Cases Agency. Professor WIGMORE. Dam. One . Beale' Cases Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM. Evidence Two . . Trusts Three . Agency Two . Thayer' Cases Evidence Professor WIGMORE. Ames' Cases Trusts. Professor WooDWARD. \Vambaugh' Cases Ort Agency. Prnfoss@ · n NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Comniercial Paper Three· . Ames' Cases Bills Notes. Professor HYDE. Equity Jurisdiction Three . Ames' Cases Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (JJ} Two . Gray' Cases Property Vols. III IV. (Acquisition . .) Professor KALES. Perso (Domestic Relatio ) Two . Smith' Cases Persons. Professor KALES. SECOND TERM. E ( ) Two . Professor Vv'rGMORE. RropertJ' (II) ( ) Two . Professor KALES. Equity Jurisdiction ( ) Three . Ames' Cases Equity Jurisdiction. Professor SCHOFIELD. Quasi Contracts Three . Keener' Cases Quasi Contracts. Professor WooDw ARD. [Given .] Sales Personalty Three . Williston' Cases Sales. Professor WooDw ARD. [Omitted .] Insurance (Fire Life} Two . Wambaugh' Cases Insurance. Mr. HALL. Equity Pleading Procedure Two . Fletcher Equity Pleading . Professor ADAMS. THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations Two . Smith' Cases Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure Practice Illinois Two . Professor FOLLANSBEE. International Law ( ) Two . Scott' Cases International . Professor HYDE THE LAW SCHOOL. International Law (JJ) American Treaties Diplomacy . Two . Professor HYDE. Sttret· Two . Ames' Cases Suretyskip. Professor LITTLE. Aiixiliary Legal Remedies (Attachments Garnishment Execution .) One . Rood' Cases Attachments Judgments. Mr. ELDER. C Law Three . Thayer' Cases Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property ( } Two . Gray' Cases Property Vols. V VI. ( Conditional .) Professor KALES. Admiralty M Three . Professor HYDE. Conveyancing One . Drafting . Professor GREELEY. Conflict Laws Three . Beale' Cases Conflict Laws. Professor HYDE. Code Pleading Proceditre One . Cases Code Pleading. Professor WOODWARD. Practice Court Two . Causes . Professor FULLER. *Patents Invention (!} General Survey. Five . Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II III . (/ } Patent Soliciting. Twenty . Professor DYRENFORTH. (III) Patent Law Practice. Forty . Professor BA RNETT. •These . equiValent vrQrk . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SECOND TERM. Corporations ( ) Two ( .). Professor LITTLE. Bankrnptcy Two . vVilliston' Cases Bankruptcy. Professor WooDWARD. Constitutional Law ( ) Two . Professor SCHOFIELD. Carriers Three . McClain' Cases Carriers Beale' Cases Carriers. Professor HYDE. [Omitted .] Conveyancing ( ) One . Professor GREELEY. Mortgage$ Two . Kirchwey' Cases Mortgages. Professor GREELEY. Public Officers One . Professor SCHOFIELD. [Omitted .] Practice Co ( ) Two . Professor FULLER. Pateiits Invention ( ). Professor BARNETT. Property (III) ( ) Two . Professor KALES. Municipal Corporations Two . Smith' Cases Municipal Corporations. Professor ScHoFiELD. Partnership T\' . Ames' Cases Partnership. Professor LITTLE. E Legal R · (Mandamus Quo Warranto Habeas Corpus .) One . Mr. ELDER. Jurisdiction Federal Cottrfs One . Professor SCHOFIELD. . ( Constitutional Law Patents Invention) Conveyancing Property III n Property II. i ! ¥ THE LAW SCHOOL. COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE. Trade Marks Copyrights Six . Mr. PICKARD. General Review Five State . . Mr. DENT. Legal Ethics Five . Professor FOLLAN SBEE. SCHEDULE OF HOURS. ' ' ' . Practice Court . SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. . . Pleadings Common Law Pleading Code Pleading Equity Pleading . Corporations . Commercial Paper Carriers Insurance . . Conveyancing document . A ' States. Thorough ' . No Property II. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Practice Coiirt Procedure Practice . Practice Court . Court' . During . . . . While . A . . A Rules Practice Court . . Legal Tactics Bar . Bar r r . . Thesis Faculty . Any · Faculty . ! r · . . . Public Speaking . THE LAW SCHOOL. FOLLOWING ARE THE REVISED REGULATIONS FOR THE WORK IN PUBLIC SPEAKING AND MOOT COURTS IN . Public Speaking Moot Courts . . Persons . Forensic vVriting Speaking. Forensics Lectures Exercises Moot Court Public Debate Practical Legal Advice. First . . . Parliamentary Practice ( ) Elementary Course ( ) . . Voice Training . . Legal Arg mentatio Briefs P . M. Argumentation BrieJwriting . . Oral Forensics Oral Forensics Professor NORTHWESTERN UNIVBRSITY. Forensics. A \Iarch . (!) . II. . Moot Courts. Moot Court P. M. A B . . All . Each Professor . Professor Bulletin Board ( ) Professor . One . On Professor . Each . All . . . . Public Speaking . An Secretary' . . No ( Faculty) THE LAW SCHOOL. School . . Public Debate. A Towle Prizes Public Speaking . No School. III. . Legal Advice Cl . All Legal Advice Clubs Secretary School Secretary. Difficult Clubs . On ' Secretary Club Club Dean Professor P. M. Professor . . B Justice. After Chicago Bureau Justice University Branch Settlements Police Courts . Secretary School C . Superintendent Bureau. ( .) n . . PROPOSED REGULATIONS FOR REQUIRED WORK IN LEGAL HISTORY AND JURISPRUDENCE . Course A (First Year). Legal History Study Law. Materials ( ) Blackstone' Commentaries ( ) Introduction Sections Book Chapters S Book III Chapters Book Chapters Book III Chapters r Book IV NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Chapters Book II Chapters Book IV Chapter ( ) Wambaugh' Study Cases ( ) Woodruff' Introductory Survey ( ) Wilson' History Modern English Law. One . Course B ( Second Year). History English Legal System. Materials Pollock & Maitland History English Law Volume . History Bench Bar Modern Times. Materials Campbell' Lives Chancellors ( Lord Hardwicke). One . Course B B (Second Year ) . . History Leading Principles Law. Materials Pollock & Maitland History English Law Vol. II Sundry Essays Legal History ( . Secretary' Office) . History Bench Bar Materials ( ) Campbell' Lives Chancellors ( Sir Thomas More) ( ) Campbell' Lives Chief Justices ( Sir Edward Coke) Arnould' Life Lord Denman Autobiography Lord Campbell Twiss' Life Lord Eldon ( ) Brown' Life Rufus Choate. One . Course C (Third Year) . . General Jurisprudence. Materials ( ) Austin' Jurisprudence Holland' Jurispri Terry' Principles Law ( ) Lee' Historical Jurisprudence ( ) Maine' Ancient Law. One . . International Law. Materials International Law Curriculum. Two hour . . Roman Law. Materials Poste' Edition Gaius ( ) ' Edition Justinian ( ) Ledlie' Translation Sohm' Institutes Roman Law ( ) Muirhead' Private Law Rome ( ) Whitefield' Translation Salkowski' Roman Law ( ) . One . . History. Germanic Law. Materials ( ) Hensler' Institutionen Rech ( ) Brunner' Deutsche Rechtsgeschichte. One . Reg / . . ( ) C Course A Course B Course C . An THE LAW SCHOOL. . A . ( ) A . Course B. ( ) Course B B . ( ) Cred . ( ) Th Courses B B B C . ( ) A Course C Course School Course . ( ) No Courses ( C International Law .) . Courses Dean . ( ) Courses C Third Year. Students . School . Students Courses B B B C ( ) . (Net First Year Second Year Third Year .) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. TUITION FEES. . A . Special ! . Patent Law . General Review . PRIZES. . Towle Prizes. A $ $ Henry Sargent Towle Esq. Chairman Law School Committee Board Trustees Forensic \Vriting Speaking ( .) . These . Towle Prize $ Sylvanus George Levy Ph. B. Towle Prize $ Warren Marcus Davis . "Resolved Duration Copyright Unlimited." . Callaghan Pri . A Messrs. Callaghan Company Chicago . Callaghan Prize Clayton Jackson Barber Ph. B. Springfield. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons . . Age They . . Preliminary Ed" catio A . . . Time Entrance No THE LAW SCHOOL. . Those . All . Jaw Illinois. ADVANCED STANDING. " Degrees." SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons . They . No Dean. DEGREES. All University Commencement. On Oxford . . BACHELOR OF LAWS. Bachelor Laws Trustees University Faculty School. Such Faculty follGw NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Attendance Regular . Students . . Students ' . . Students ' permissio '! Dean. ADV AN CED STANDING. II. All ' . III. Registration. Candidates . IV. Course Study. All ( ) . ' . Persons ' Dean. Secretary . Four . A B C D . A C A C School . II. MASTER'S DEGREE. Master' Arts Philosophy Science Letters THE LAW SCHOOL. A College Liberal Arts University Bachelor' Arts Philosophy Science Letters University Master' Bachelor Laws Faculty Liberal Arts Faculty . ( ) ( ) Bachelor Laws ( ) Faculty Law School. Students Master' College Liberal Arts Law School . Master' · Law School . Faculty Liberal Arts Master' Constitutional Law International Law Administrative Law Roman Law Jurisprudence Legal History. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS. Six . These . Applications Secretary Law School. RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries Admission Bar Illinois N. W Branson Secretary State Board Law Examiners Petersburg Ill. Illinois Supreme Court State State Board Law Examiners " Ottawa Februrary Chicago Springfield Mt. Vernon " " State United States " Board Law Examiners Illinois Board THE LAW SCHOOL. . All . Rule Board Law Examiners Law School " Each State. A ' English https://plrccollections.org/files/original/0205f956cc8f5f8a39cdc8291c67ad9a.pdf fe4dead619b19e91b8c4ae597343361a PDF Text Text NUMBER III SERIES III NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OP LAW) POUNDED 185g OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN LAKE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDING DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J. James, Ph.D., LL. D., President Northwestern University consists of seven departments or schools. Four of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center of the city of Chicago. The other three (College of Liberal Arts, Music, and the Academy), are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, immediately adjoining the city on the north. The College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about three miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Dllnois. I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leading to Bachelor's degree in Languages and Literature (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew); Mathematics (college and advanced); Science (Astronomy. Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy. Geology): History (ancient, medireval, and modern); Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other subjects appropriate to a modern college. Numerous iiraduate courses are also offered leading to the degree of A.M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph.D. Special advantages are offered to the graduates of this college in the professional schools of the University. For turther intormation, address College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, Illinois. II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The hospital and clinical facilities are especially good. This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, adoption of lon&er annual courses, and the .eraded curriculum. It ranks fourth in attendance among University Medical Schools in the United 8t at;~r further information, address Northwestern University Medical School, 24a1 Derborn Street, Chicago. III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Special facilities are provided for a thorough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of the student, including over twelve thousand volumes, while the proximity oftheChicaiio Law Institute Library provides an additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to iiiving them that knowledge of Law which will be indispensable to them wherever they fill!:!' practice. For further information, address Northwestern University Law School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicaao. IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the deiiree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The course includes instruction in general Chemistry. Chemical Analysis, Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analytical Pharm~ceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assaying, Bacterioloi:y, and Sanitary Analysis. It ranks first in attendance among University Schools of Pharmacy in this country. For further information, address Northwestern University School of Pharmacy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicairo. �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No . 3, SERIES III. NOVEMBER I. 1904- JANUARY 1905. 3 CHRONICLES OF THE PAST QUARTER II. LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEG AL TACTICS FOR III. REVISED REGULATION S FOR LEGAL SPEAKIN G AND WRITING IV. THE ALUMNI AND THE LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS 5 1904-1905 . (FORENSICS) V. ADDRESS OF THE DEAN OF • THE FACULTY AT THE INTER- NATIONAL CONGRESS OF ARTS AND SCIENCE MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Entered at the Post-office at Chicago, Ill., as second-class matter. 7 10 13 ��I. CHRONICLES OF THE PAST QUARTER. r. Resignations and Appointments in the Faculty. Resignations. In August, Dr. Edmund Janes JAMES, after an incumbency of two years and a half, resigned his office as President of the University, to accept the same office in the University of Illinois. To the Law School, as well as the other Departments of the University, his departure is a subject of sincere regret. But the vigor and system which he had inspired throughout the University will remain its permanent possession, and his successor will find so much the easier the task of continuing the advance of the University in all its activities. Professor Thomas F. Holgate, Dean of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, has been appointed Acting President ad interim. In June, the resignations of Professor Nathaniel Clinton SEARS, due to the pressure of the duties of active practice, and Professor Louis Lee DENT, due to a similar reason, were accepted by the Board of Trustees with much regret. Professor Sears had been a member of the Faculty since 1897, and Professor Dent since 1902. Appointments. The courses in Illinois Practice, Equity Pleading, and Mortgages, left vacant by the resignations just named, have been assigned by the Board to other members of the Faculty; the course in Illinois Practice to Professor FOLLANSBEE, in Equity Pleading, to Professor ADAMS, and in Mortgages, to Professor GREELEY. The following appointments of special lecturers for 1904-5 were made at the September meeting of the Executive Committee of the Board: Mr. Charles Yoe FREEMAN (A. B., Princeton University, LL. B., Northwestern University), to be Lecturer on Corporation Practice; a course of one term hour for the second term, in connection with the course on Corporations, to conduct the class through all the legal transactions commonly done by a corporation. Mr. Herbert J. FRIEDMAN (A. B., LL. B., Harvard University), to be Lecturer on Liens; a course of one term hour for the second term. Mr. Dwight St. John BoBB (A. B., Northwestern University, A. M., LL. B., Harvard University); to be Lecturer on Public Service Corporations (other than Common Carriers); a course of one term hour for the second term. 3 �4 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. The following appointments were made by the Executive Committee, at the same meeting, for the instruction in Forensics, under the revised regulations published elsewhere in this number of the BULLETIN: Mr. Ebenezer Washington ENGSTROM (A. B., Northwestern University, formerly Instructor in Rhetoric and Elocution in Albion College); to be Instructor in Voice Training and Forensics. Mr. Henry Lee PRESCOTT (A. B., LL. B., Harvard University, formerly Instructor in Forensics in Harvard College), to be Instructor in Forensics. 2. The School at the Professional Associations. The following members of the Faculty were appointed delegates to the meeting of the American Bar Association held at St. Louis on September 26: Professors ADAMS, KALES, GREELEY, and SCHOFIELD. The same members also acted as delegates to the meeting of the Association of American Law Schools, held at St. Louis on September 27. Professor WrGMORE was appointed by the American Bar Association as one of its one hundred delegates-at-large to the International Congress of Lawyers and Jurists, held at St. Louis on September 29. Professors HYDE and WrGMORE attended the International Congress of Arts and Sciences held at St. Louis on September 19-24; the former meeting with the section of International Law; and the latter meeting with the section of History of Law, before which he delivered one of the two addresses, printed elsewhere in this number of the BULLETIN. 3. Publications of the Farnlty. Several members of the Faculty are preparing text books of law for publication in the near future : Professor HYDE, one on International Law; Professor KALES, one on Future Estates of Property in Illinois; Professor LITTLE, one on Corporations; and Professor WooDWARD, one on Quasi-Contracts. The treatise of Professor WrGMORE on Evidence is in press; Volumes I and II were published on November r; Volume III is ready by December r, and Volume IV is to be ready not later than February r. Professor ELDER is preparing a book of cases on Extraordinary Remedies, a subject upon which no case-book has yet been put forth. 1, �II. LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEGAL TACTICS FOR 1904-1905. (Third Annual Series.) All Addresses are given on Monday Evenings, in Hurd Hall of the Law School, third floor, Northwestern University Building, Lake and Dearborn Streets, and begin promptly at 8 o'clock. All persons interested in the practice of the law are invited to attend these lectures. No fee is charged. 1904. Oct. I. IO. Preparation of a Case for Trial-Edwin M. Ashcraft, Esq. (President of the Chicago Bar Association, 1901-02). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Oct. 17. Methods of keeping and using Public Records-Wells M. Cook, Esq. (formerly Assistant Corporation Counsel to the City of Chicago). Oct. 24. Special Assessment Practice-George A. Mason, Esq. (Author of Mason on Special Assessments). Oct. 3r. Acquisition and Retention of a Clientage-Frank Asbury Johnson, Esq. (President of the Chicago Bar Association, 1903-04). Nov. 7. (Eve of Election day. No address). Nov. 14. Brief and Argument before the Supreme Court-Merritt Starr, Esq. ( of the firm of Peck, Miller & Starr) . Nov. 2r. Practice and Pleading under the Illinois StatutesKeene H. Addington, Esq. (joint editor of Jones & Addington's Supplement to Starr & Curtis' Annotated Statutes of Illinois). Nov. 28. Land Condemnation Practice-Samuel A. Lynde, Esq. ( General Attorney for the Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company). Dec. 5. Probate Practice-Hon. John H . Batten (formerly Judge of the Probate Court of Cook County). Dec. 12. Justice Court Practice- Robert N . Holt, Esq. (Assistant States Attorney for Cook County; formerly Justice of the Peace for Cook County) . 5 �6 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Justice Court Practice (concluded) - Robert N. Holt, Esq. Dec. 26. ( Christmas Recess. No address). IO. Dec. 19. 1905. rr. Jan. 2. Jan. 9. 12. 13. Jan. 16. 14. Jan. 23. 15. Jan. 30. 16. Feb. 6. 17. Feb. 13. 18. Feb. 20. 19. Feb. 27. 20. Mar. 6. 21. Mar. 13. 22. Mar. 20. 23. Mar. 27. 24. Apr. 3. 25. Apr. IO. Organizing and Advising a Corporation-Levy Mayer, Esq., of the firm of Moran, Mayer and Meyer). Some Features of the Practice of Railroad LawRobert J. Cary, Esq. (of the firm of Glennon, Cary & Walker, Attorneys for the Lake Shore Railway). Practice before Masters in Chancery-Victor Elting, Esq. (Master in Chancery for the Superior Court of Cook County). Tax Title Practice- Harry S. Mecartney, Esq. (of the firm of Oliver & Mecartney). Municipal Contracts and Securities-Granville W. Browning, Esq. (Master in Chancery for the Superior Court of Cook County, and Assistant Corporation Counsel) . Practice in the Juvenile Court-Timothy D. Hurley, Esq. (Police Magistrate for Chicago, and formerly Chief Probation Officer). Landlord and Tenant-Roland K. Jones, Esq. Bankruptcy Practice-Sidney C. Eastman, Esq. (Referee in Bankruptcy for the Federal Court). Examination of Witnesses-Amos C. Miller, Esq. (of the firm of Lackner, Butz and Miller). Practice in the Federal Courts-Ingolf K. Boyesen, Esq. ( of the firm of Herrick, Allen, Boyesen & Martin). Acquisition and Retention of a Clientage-Frank H . Scott, Esq. ( of the firm of Scott, Bancroft, Lord & Stephens). Practice before Police Magistrates- John R. Caverly, Esq. (Police Magistrate, Harrison Street Station). Banking and Trust Company Practice-James C. Hutchins, Esq. (Counsel to the Illinois Trust and Savings Bank) . Law Office Wark and Dealings with Clients-Silas H . Strawn, Esq. (of the firm of Winston, Payne & Strawn). Ways and Manners of Judges-Hon. Arba N. Waterman (formerly Judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County, and of the Appellate Court for the First District of Illinois). �III. REVISED REGULATIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTION IN LEGAL SPEAKING AND WRITING (FORENSICS) . (Adopted September 13, 1904.) "The instruction now provided under the heads of Public Speaking and Moot Courts shall be consolidated into a single graded course continuing through the three years. "The work in this course shall be required for graduation, beginning with all persons entering in 1904. Persons entering with advanced standing who have not taken equivalent work elsewhere are subject to the remaining requirements, applicable to the class which they enter, except that a candidate for a degree in one year may be exempted from specified parts of the work, or may be required to substitute the second year for the third year work. "The course at large shall be entitled, Forensic Writing and Speaking. In the first year it shall be entitled, Forensics, Lectures and Exercises; in the second year, Moot Court and Public Debate; in the third year, Practical Legal Advice. "The credit for work done shall be as follows : First year, term hour; second year, I term hour; third year, 1 term hour. I "The -first year work shall be as follows : I . a. Parliamentary Practice; October; (I) Elementary Course, followed by examination; (2) advanced course, followed by an examination or thesis; this to be open only to not more than twenty students passing the best examination in the elementary course, and not to be a required part of the work. "b . Voice Training; November to January, inclusive; exercises in sections of twelve or fifteen, once a week. "c. Legal Argumentation and Briefs; November to April, inclusive; once a week at 3 :45 P. M.; not more than twenty lectures on Argumentation, accompanied by individual exercises in Briefwriting, subject to private correction and public criticism by the instructor. "d. Oral Forensics; May; the last two weeks before the final examinations; all first year regular lecture courses ceasing, the cor- 7 �8 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. responding hours are to be occupied by Oral Forensics in each course, held by the Professor in that course, sitting with the instructor in Forensics. A list of numbered debatable propositions drawn from the subjects of the respective courses shall be posted not later than March I. "For work done in parts a (I) , b, c and d, combined, a credit of one term hour is to be allowed. "The second year work shall be as follows : "II. a. Moot Courts. In the second year a Moot Court shall be held every Friday from November I to May 1, at 1 :45 P. M. The second year class shall be divided into two sections, A and B, each section to meet on alternate weeks. The work shall consist of the preparation and delivery of arguments and opinions of law on statements of facts assigned beforehand. All statements of facts shall be delivered to the counsel in the case by October I. Each Professor shall preside at three cases consecutively. The chief counsel, two on each side, shall hold a conference with the presiding Professor four weeks before the day set for argument at an hour appointed on the Bulletin Board ; at this conference, each side shall present (in separate consultation) an outline of the proposed argument, in the form of brief propositions without citation of authorities, and the Professor shall make such criticism and revision as may seem desirable. One week beforehand, counsel on each side shall post on the official bulletin-board a copy of their final brief, with citation of authorities, in type-writing, or plain hand-writing, on legal cap paper, and he shall hand another copy to the opposing side. On the day of argument, the Professor shall preside as judge, with two members of the section as associate judges. Each attorney assigned shall be allowed not more than ten minutes for argument in chief. All the other members of the same section shall attend, and each member, not assigned as counsel or judge, shall make an argument, not to exceed five minutes; in at least every other case, i. e.; at least once every four weeks. The assigned counsel shall then have not more than five minutes each for closing. The instructor in Public Speaking shall then make such criticism as may appear necessary, and the presiding judge shall then do the same, this closing stage to be allotted not more than twenty minutes. An opinion shall be written by the associate judges and filed at the Secretary's office not later than one week after the date of argument. The mark of each member of the section shall be determined by his work as counsel, assigned and unassigned, and as judge. No student shall be recommended for a degree ( except by unanimous vote of the Faculty) who has not satisfactorily done the work of �LEGAL SPEAKING AND WRITING REGULATIONS. 9 this course; except that persons entering the third year class from another School may by vote be excused from this work. "b. Public Debate. A student entering the preliminary contests for the Towle Prizes for Public Speaking in April, and being selected for the second preliminary and taking part therein, may receive a credit of one term hour. No student shall be eligible for this contest who has not taken the work I, a, b and c, or the equivalent in another School. "The third year work shall be as follows : "Ill. a. Legal Advice Clubs. All third year students are to enter Legal Advice Clubs, formed by voluntary selection on or before October IO, supplemented by assignments to vacancies by the Secretary of the School; each club to contain not less than four nor more than six members, and to elect a Secretary. Difficult cases arising in actual practice, sent in for advice from alumni or other practitioners, will be submitted to the Clubs in rotation as the cases come in. On 24 hours' notice to the Secretary of the Club, the Club is to meet the Dean or a Professor specially in charge, at 3 :rs P. M., in his office, and to discuss the questions involved; a written opinion, citing authorities, is to be handed the Professor specially in charge within seven days or such other time as may be agreed upon. "b. Bureau of Justice. After December r not more than ten students are to be assigned for practical office and trial work as assistants in the Chicago Bureau of Justice, University Branch, either to the Settlements or Police Courts, as may appear most practicable. The assignments to be made to those who beforehand file their names with the Secretary of the School, in order of the time of filing and rank of the student in scholarship, but no student having grade C in more than one course to be eligible for assignment. The number of hours of work from each person to be determined by agreement with the Superintendent of the Bureau. (This work is not yet organized for 1904-5.) "For work done in part a a credit of one term hour to be allowed to each member of a club; provided that the club has furnished not less than eight cases in the year." �IV. THE ALUMNI AND THE LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. "To carry out the plan of Legal Advice Clubs, provided for as part of the third-year work in Legal Speaking and Writing, the co-operation of the Alumni was needed. Accordingly the following circular letter was sent, on October 7, to all Alumni living outside of Chicago; the responses have been prompt and helpful, and all the Clubs have been fairly started in their work; but it is hoped that the request made in this letter will be kept in mind, so that a regular provision of cases will be supplied, and the institution of the Clubs may prove of permanent benefit: "Brethren of the Alumni Association: "This letter is written to ask your assistance in carrying on the practical work of the School. We can help you a little, and you can help us a great deal, if you will carefully read our request and keep it in mind from time to time. Without your co-operation, this new plan of ours must entirely fail; hence we ask your active and continued interest. "The plan is simply this : As a culmination of the organized work and drill of the first and second year classes (Forensic, Briefs, Moot Court, Public Debate, etc.), the third year class will form legal-advice clubs, for training in brief-writing, case-finding, and the like. A case coming from some practitioner's office will be submitted to each club (of four to six members); within a specified number of days the club will hand in a report or brief, with the citations or other desired data, and this report will be forwarded to the practitioner. Thus the students, on the one hand, will get the benefit of the training, and the practitioner, on the other hand, the benefit, if any, of the results. "Whence will these cases come? From the alumni, out of their own practice. All practitioners (especially those located outside of Chicago, where no large library may be available), have from time to time troublesome cases, in which some sort of assistance would be welcome. The copious facilities of the School can almost always be of some extra service. Perhaps a line of authorities is wanted; perhaps the real point of legal dispute is hidden or doubtful; perhaps merely somebody else's view of the case would be 10 �LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. 11 helpful. No matter what the need is, these Legal Advice Clubs will take the case in hand, and do with it whatever seems to be needed or whatever the sender desires. They will submit it to the professors, debate it among themselves, look for authorities, or do anything else desired or needed. "From the whole body of alumni outside of Chicago, we ought to be able to receive a constant supply of such cases. We urge you to do your part and continue to do it. Send a case to-day, and another every month, or every week-bearing in mind that we do not desire stale cases or academic questions, but cases now in your office or likely to arise. " In stating the case, use paper of legal cap size, and follow the form below. Make the case-statements separate from any letter you may write, and send them in triplicate. With confident hopes of your co-operation, Very truly yours." '' FORM OF CASE-STATEMENT FOR LEGAL ADVI CE. "r. Name and Class: 2. Office Address: 3. Date of Sending: 4. Last Date for Desired Answer: 5. Statement of Facts: 6. Precise Kind of Advice Desired:" (ALL CASE-STATEMENTS' SHOULD BE FORWARDED IN TRIPLICATE.) ��THE PROBLEMS OF TO-DAY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE COMMON LAW. ·' An Address Deliflered in Department 4, Section b, of the International Congress of Arts and Science, Unif!enal Exposition, St. Louir, September 2I, I904, by John Henry Wigmore, Dean of the Faculty of Law of Northwestern University. A chief object in the study of history is to learn the lessons which it may teach for the future. That is a sufficient excuse for considering the present subject from the practical point of view. What has been done about it? is an inquiry which will here serve to lead to the further one, What is to be done about it? In the light of an official interpretation vouchsafed by one of the Vice-Presidents of this Congress, the inquiries relevant to the Problems of To-day for the History of the Common Law may be phrased as follows: I. What are the chief historical facts or influences still left unknown or obscure in our law, and the efforts anywhere being made for the elucidation of them by research? II. What are the methods by which further investigation of our legal history can be encouraged, and its hitherto attained results be made broadly known and in-fliiential in the legal profession? III. What are its chief lessons and warnings for the future tendencies of our legal history? I. Vangerow said in his Pandecten, speaking of the early history of procedure in Roman Law: "All books written on this subject before the year 1820 are useless," because in that year appeared the first edition of the text of Gaius' Institutes, newly discovered to the world in 1816 by Niebuhr. In the same way, it might almost be said, of the historical development of English private law, that all books written before 1881 may be ignored; because in that year begins the triple lustrum marked by Mr. Justice Holmes' The Common Law, Sir James Stephen's History of the Criminal Law, the Selden Society's initial publications, Professor Ames' essays on the History of Civil Actions, and Sir Frederick Pollock's and Professor Maitland's treatise on the history of English law before the time of Edward I. Up to that period, to be sure, much had already been done to clear the way. The surrounding regions had been thoroughly opened; that of Constitutional History, by Stubbs, Gneist, and many 13 �14 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. others; that of economic land-holding conditions, by Seebohm and others; that of Commercial conditions, by Ashley, Cunningham, Gross, and others. For private law, too, the work of Palgrave, Bigelow, Young, and a few others, had revealed to us that the older lines of Coke, Blackstone, Spence, Reeves, Finlason, and Crabbe, would have to be entirely discarded for the earlier part of the law. But Mr. Justice Holmes' stimulating book on the Common Law now arrived and pointed out in detail the field of necessary research for later times; in fact, it was probably this book which really created much of what now exists at large in the older generation at the bar of taste and appreciation for the study of the history of our law. Sir James Stephen's work, shortly ensuing, most philosophical, comprehensive, and entertaining, was destined to stand future testing at probably all important points. When to these were added the publications of Ames, Pollock, and Maitland, there were then achieved, for the first time, certain final results on a large scale; and it became possible to study continuously the history of the main doctrines of substantive law and procedure from the beginning to present times. The researches of Thayer, Liebermann, Jenks, Salmond, Scrutton, and other recent workers in special fields and the later publications of the Selden Society and its editors, and of other English societies, merely increase the emphasis of the period's importance. What has been gained, then, in the last fifteen years, by way of tangible results? And what remains to be especially worked upon? Here it is convenient to map out the subject in three regions: A, the external history of English law, B, the internal history, and C, its transatlantic or American history; and it will be found that in these three regions the acquisitions of knowledge have been, in that order, much, less, and least, respectively. A. What may be called the external history includes the relation and influence of (1) Germanic law, (2) Roman law, (3) canon law, and (4) continental mercantile and maritime law. (1) The Germanic law influenced the English law through two channels, just as the Missouri and the Mississippi unite to form one stream which thereafter takes the latter name. The Germanic law of the Continent was directly transferred by the Saxons, Jutes, and other immigrants of 400-800 A . D.; with this, in 1000-1200 A. D. united the law of the Norman invaders. The precise content of both of these elements, together with the resulting fusion, and the share of the contribution of each, may be said to be now for the most part known and described. For Germanic law in the large sense, the work of Brunner, Heusler, v. Amira, Gierke, Schulte, Stobbe, Schroeder, and some of the writers in special fields, has made clear �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL ItlSTORY. 15 all that we need; except that Brunner's history has not gone beyond the goos, though this does not directly concern our own history. For Norman law, the work of Esmein, Flach, Brissaud, Viollet, Beaune, Tardif, and Glasson, with a few others, make possible the most necessary comparisons. The connections may be observed by tracing the topics, one by one, in those writers and in Pollock and Maitland's history. What is lacking is merely a detailed analysis to be made from this special point of view. (2) The Roman law influence was never much more than indirect. That is, there was never a deliberate receptio or adoption (as in Germany from Italian jurists in the r4oos-r5oos, or in Japan from the French and German codes, in the r8oos, or in the Rhine provinces from the French Code in the r8oos) . The revival of the continental study of Roman law was then as yet too recent; and there were other reasons. What happened was a certain large inspiration of form and method, through the minds of the clerical judges and advisers, administering the customary law during the rroo's and r2oo's. Thereafter, the only direct adoption consisted in the casual intrusion of scraps of rules or analogous phrases, here and there, into the already definite and homogeneous body of English law. This much is established by the researches of Pollock and Maitland and Scrutton. A few details only remain to be explored. (3) The canon law was a much more large and likely element of mixture. It could and did come in by two avenues. (a) In the first place, the knowledge and practice of the king's clerical justiciars and advisers from IIOO to 1300 affected the form and method of English law. The crude customary English law was thus (in the words of Pollock and Maitland) rationalized by the canon law. A little, but not much, was directly borrowed. This part of the influence is known with some fullness. (b) In the next place, there continued for several centuries after the definite constitution of the courts of King's Bench, Exchequer, Common Pleas, Courtsbaron, and the like (in which the customary law was distinctively English), several imported courts in which either the substantive law, or the procedure, or both, or a part of either, was professedly based on the canon law; the courts of the Church, of Chancery, of Requests, of the Star Chamber, and of the Admiralty, represented almost a majority of English Courts, not only in number but also in quantity and importance of judicial business. By the 1500s and early 16oos there was a keen rivalry, of which the ultimate issue really hung for a time in the balance. Professor Maitland's essay on the Renaissance of English law has made it clear how narrow was the escape of the common law. Although the canon law system �16 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. did lose the upper hand and the courts which it dominated were one by one abolished or amalgamated, still its methods and its subst.i.nce were in large part preserved in the field of law where they had developed in these courts. Thus in the law of marriage, wills, chancery in general, admiralty in general, and elsewhere, portions of the substantive law and most of the procedural rules are owed to the common law; and modern statutes have even imitated a good deal of this in the ordinary law. Most of the facts of their history are already known in detail, under the different bodies of law. What remains now for the historian is a comprehensive collation of these varied effects. This will require the broadest survey of both systems, and he who will undertake it has not yet disclosed himself. To the foregoing influence of the Roman and Canon law must be added the casual insertion of a theory or a phrase, here and there, in the common law courts, by a few of the well read judges of earlier times, like Lord Holt, Lord Mansfield, and in modern times, Lord Bowen, Sir George Jessel, Chief Justice Kent, Mr. Justice Story, and Mr. Justice Holmes, who have occasionally invoked some analogy learned by them from the other systems. In this way the law of bailments, of fictitious assumpsit (or quasi contract), of conflict of laws, of partnership, and perhaps other subjects, has received a few important marks. The systematic collation of these, also, has still to be accomplished by the historian. (4) The continental mercantile and maritime law contributed a great deal. That of the admiralty is fairly separable, and it may be said that with the Selden Society's publication of Mr. Marsden's edition of Select Pleas of the Admiralty and the special modern treatises, little remains unknown of the history of the law as a body. Its principal doctrines have still to be fully traced in detail. But the general mercantile law, omitting sales, land-carriers, and agency (which are almost purely indigenous topics), and including commercial paper, partnership, insurance, corporations, and general maritime law (with bills of lading and factors), is inextricably bound up with the history across the channel, and its detailed story remains one of the greatest and most interesting tasks of the future. (a) Of these topics, the history of corporation law is perhaps the most complicated, because, besides its economic aspects, it involves three distinct elements, the ecclesiastical corporation (more or less dependent on imported conceptions), the land owning, franchise owning, and quasi-political boroughs and other communities, and the commercial and industrial guilds and later joint stock companies ; the last two groups have a long indigenous history, but the analogies on the Continent are so important that their comparison is an inevitable duty. Availing himself of Pollock and Maitland's \I f {i �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 17 survey of the beginnings of this history, and of Professor Williston's and others' essays in the later period, the legal historian has still to trace the connected story of development in all aspects. (b) For commercial paper, insurance, and maritime commercial law, almost everything (apart from two or three scattered essays) has yet to be done, that is, for the story before the 1700s. The whole scene shifts across the channel. Even there the curtain is but half raised. Brunner has illuminated part of the history of Commercial paper. Goldschmidt's great history, cut short by his untimely death, did not get much beyond the Mediterranean history down to the 1400s. The Hansa and Flemish development seems not to be yet fully explored. The three centuries in England before Lord Holt (1400-1000), when all the continental mercantile methods were being learned by English traders, form undoubtedly the most fascinating and obscure part of the untold story. To illustrate its possibilities : In 1009 a statute of James I forbade the use of merchants' account books in evidence, except as between themselves, after one year and for items of over 40 shillings. This statute does not explain itself. Perhaps it looks like a blow at the Dutch and Hansa merchants, who were intruding alien customs in London. Yet Italian history shows numerous identical statutes during the generation just preceding and following. Was this part of a general movement? Was there a borrowing? The largest sort of a survey is needed for the historian in this field, and his search must range from Venice to Wishy and Oleron, as well as from the court of Pie Powder to Lord Holt's dealings with promissory notes. B. The internal history of the law (so far as it has not been noticed in what was above said) may be likened in its present state to an unfinished house, whose foundations have been completely laid and whose frame and beams are erected. The roof is yet lacking, and all the filling in of the walls and plaster and flooring. Its plan and shape and divisions can be plainly understood; but it cannot yet be inhabited, and many kinds of workmen must yet labor upon it. These foundations are those of Professor Maitland and Sir Frederick Pollock in their History. This frame and these crossbeams are chiefly the essays of Professor Ames. It may be said that down to the 1300s the substance of the whole history of our law is established; and that from the 1300s to the 18oos the history of the main doctrines of private law which have remained obscure or misunderstood (and excepting commercial law) have been supplied. But the painstaking completion of scores of important details during these five hundred years remains to be done. It would be impossible here to enumerate the precise parts. Merely as examples of some of those that have been supplied may be named Mr. Scrutton's history �18 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. of Copyright; Professor Beale's history of a bailee's liability; Mr. Veeder's history of libel and slander; and Professor Gray's and Mr. Digby's work in real property. As examples of those that have not been supplied may be taken the history of mortgage law*, the history of personal suretyship, the history of auxiliary legal remedies, and of legal process in general, the history of mercantile law above mentioned (chiefly commercial paper, maritime law, and corporations), the history of conflict of laws, of insolvency laws, of public officers' liability, and of some doctrines of equity.· C. The transatlantic or American history of our law falls naturally into four parts, (1) the colonial history, (2) the later judicial development of the substantive common law, as modified by statute in a few parts, (3) the statutory forms of procedure, and (4) the adoption of bodies of Spanish law in the Southwest. (1) The colonial law remains as yet substantially untouched. The doctors of philosophy have sufficiently diagnosed almost all of the political and economic conditions which surround it, and the editors have edited many portions of the archives; but the professedly legal historian of the private law has not yet arisen. We know that much law was brought directly over; the Massachusetts Colony sent for Coke's Reports, so that it should not be forgotten . We also know that some colonies discountenanced professional lawyers, so that much inherited law was discarded or mutilated. We know, too, that several of the many sound reforms which the Cromwellian Commonwealth had planned, but the restoration of Charles had defeated, were carried out in some of the colonies,for example, the compulsory registration of conveyances of land. But the systematic exhumation of the private law as a whole, so far as it appears on the records, has not been attempted, even for a single colony. Nor would it be, in any part, of merely dead historic interest. Chief Justice Kent decided a great many cases from his English reading, not from local traditions or records, and after the English reports began to multiply rapidly, from 1790 to 1810, they were chiefly relied on over here. But the interesting thing is often seen, when an American rule is found to differ from an English one, that it differs because it had already been different, in the tradition before 18oo. All this body of prior tradition remains to be systematically expounded. (2) The development of substantive law since 18oo is to be found usually described with sufficiency in the treatises on the special topics of the law. In the law of real property, of marriage, and of other subjects, there have been numerous important variations. *Since the above was written, Mr. Hazeltine's essays are filline- the eap on this topic. �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 19 But these local historical features are not so significant for the general understanding of our present law as the prior history of English law itself, and the time has hardly yet come when a comprehensive survey is either feasible or necessary. It is only to be noticed that the writers of treatises do not usually treat their subjects as much in the historical spirit as it now deserves. (3) The development of procedural changes has been widespread. For the Code system, so-called, its history has been described by Professor Hepburn and others. But in the older states, such as Massachusetts and Connecticut, which still do not use the name of code, much history has been made which deserves to be chronicled, but as yet has not been systematically described in its causes and circumstances. Such a history must begin with Bentham at one extreme and with the American judicial organization at the other, and will have much ground to cover. (4) The land system of the United States Government titles has affected all the Southern, Central and Western states in general, and the Spanish system in particular has affected those of California, Texas, Missouri, Arkansas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The historical aspects of this, which are interesting, have still to be depicted. II. Our second inquiry is: What are the methods by which the further investigation of our history can be encouraged, and its hitherto attained results be made broadly known and influential in the legal profession? Our inquiry may be stated in two questions: A. How can we get more history written? and B. How can we make known what is written? A. The first question is a necessary one for us to face, for two chief reasons: One is that our bar as a whole does not demand historical books, and therefore there are few investigators and fewer books. The other reason is that our Universities in the United States do not in general exist (as those of the European Continent do) for the main purpose of providing learned men with a comfortable living while engaged in research; they are, primarily, teaching, not investigating bodies. Consequently the pursuit of historical research tends to receive less than its relative share of activity. It is our duty to canvass and to encourage all feasible means of increasing this activity. What practical means are there? 1. First of all, those who have vindicated their right to possess this field should be urged and stimulated to continue its fruitful tillage; and not to abandon it for other fields tempting to their versatile sympathies. The greatest loss which English legal history, in the strict sense, has ever suffered is marked by Professor Maitland's excursus into the economic region of Domesday Book and the �20 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. minutiae of the primitive English land system, and by Professor Ames' varied trips into the modern realms of commercial paper, admiralty, and partnership. This Congress here assembled should issue to those scholars a peremptory writ of Ne exeat regno Angliae juris liistoriae. Let us appeal to them in the most urgent tones to continue the cultivation of those peculiar fields whose fruits no one else, in default of them, is either competent or likely to gather for a generation or more to come. The motive, it may be supposed, for these great scholars' temporary abandonment of the field of later medieval and early modern history is the scantiness of the materials at present accessible for studies in that epoch. Work done now could hardly be expected to stand, after a generation. This dearth of materials (to be noticed later) can be remedied in time; but the reasons are all the stronger for hastening that fortunate day. 2. Let a committee of mature scholars map out a list of the precise topics now most demanding further research; and let the younger scholars in our University Faculties be thus supplied with intelligent lines for their ambitions to pursue during the coming generation. 3. Let the Universities found a journal, or series of proceedings or studies, in which historical essays, long or short, can be insured a publication. The Procrustean limit of twenty or twenty-five pages, which is now imposed in the professional journals, makes many publications impossible; and the book-sellers, hampered by the bar's narrow demands, offer no market. 4. Let the Universities unitedly offer an annual or biennial prize of substantial sum for historical essays; perhaps requiring the amount to be spent in study abroad. 5. Finally, but most important of all, let the materials for historical research be more amply provided. ( 1) As for materials already printed, this means that there ought to be at least five libraries, in different centers of this country, whose equipment in English materials, reasonably equals in fullness that of the Harvard Law School. It may not be longer possible to obtain in multiplicate all of its sources, and in any case not without some years of search. Nevertheless, the fact ought to be faced, that in order to promote a healthy diffusion of historical activity, for the coming generation of scholars, adequate means should exist in at least five widely separated places. This would require from $10,000 to $40,000 each to supplement the collections now existing at some points. (2) As for the materials not yet printed, the cause demands a decided expansion and acceleration of work. These materials, roughly divided, arc (a) the Rolls and other judicial documents and early �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 21 treatises now being gradually reprinted by the English Record Commissioners and the Camden, Surtees, Pipe Roll, and Selden Societies; (b) the Year Books; ( c) the American colonial records. As to the first of these groups, the various efforts now being made may be trusted to mature as rapidly as is feasible. As to the second of these groups, the Year Books, something more can be and ought to be done to speed the re-editing of the now printed volumes and the printing of the equally numerous volumes which still rest practically inaccessible in manuscript. At this moment, the progress seems to be arrested chiefly by the difficulty of finding persons who combine in equal and adequate degree the skill of a palaeographer and the training of a lawyer.* The establishing of a correct text being indispensable, both these accomplishments must coincide in any editor. At present this obstacle is prohibitive; though it does not seem insuperable by time. So far as the renewal of progress, both for the Year Books and for the Rolls, is question of funds, the United States ought to contribute a share to this task of common benefit. As a beginning, an assessment should be requested from every University in the Association of American Law Schools, in the amount of $roo each for every 200 students in its School ; this assessment to be pledged biennially or triennially. As for the third group, American colonial records (in which indeed much has already been done by Massachusetts and New Hampshire), the State Bar Associations of the Atlantic States should undertake to secure the printing by a State commission of the distinctively legal material. With such expedients we shall have done something to secure a firm and lasting growth for historical research. B. But the second part of our question is perhaps more pressing, -certainly more puzzling to answer: How can we make the Bench and Bar to know, to possess, and to utilize what is already written? True culture, says Matthew Arnold, is inspired not only by the scientific passion, but by the passion of doing good. "Culture is considered, not merely as the endeavor to see and learn this, but the endeavor, also, to make it prevail." How, then, can we make the acquired truths of history prevail? It is plain to us all that our profession in this country radically lacks taste, and interest, and common attainments, in the history of our law. It is absorbed in the practice. "Not to know what has been translated in former times,'' said Cicero, "is to continue always a child. If no use is made of the labors of past ages, the world must remain always in the infancy of knowledge." Of (*) For this information the writer is indebted to Professor Beale's remarks, durini: the session of the Congress. �BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. 22 what ultimate use is our historical research if its results remain practically unknown and unused by the profession itself in the interpretation and administration of the present law? It is depressing, it is irritating, to observe how scant is the consideration, how . dense the ignorance, shown by the practical administrators of the law when its history becomes material in their work. The crude pronouncements of a hundred years ago seem still to suffice. There might almost as well have been, for them, no history written during the past two or three generations. The astonishing obstinacy of this narrow professional habit may be illustrated by a single, but entirely typical instance. Ex uno disce omnes. If there is one topic which is the pride and the commonplace of our law, it is jury trial; if there is one topic more than another which is known to have a history, it is jury trial; if there is one question more than another in which history can contribute to the settlement of modern practical questions, it is whether in trial by jury, as handed down from of old, the number twelve is essential; and, finally, if there is one tribunal more than another which has by common attribution the highest legal attainments and the least excuse for lacking them, it is the Supreme Court of the United States. In the year 1897, then, in discussing this question historically (in Thompson v. Utah),* the opinion of the Supreme Court of the United States of America declares that the well-known clause of Magna Charta pledging a trial by judgment of the freeman's peers signified trial by jury.t Now in 1895, two years before, the epoch-making history of Pollock and Maitland had appeared, in the face of all men; in 1891, six years before, the history of jury trial had been re-examined in the Harvard Law Review, by Professor Thayer, one of the two greatest authorities on Constitutional Law then living, outside of the Federal Supreme Court itself; and in 1875, twenty-two years before, had appeared in an American edition Mr. Forsyth's History of Trial by Jury. In all three of these it had been plainly pointed out that the Magna Charta clause did not signify jury trial, but precisely the opposite; namely, the Barons were opposed to jury trial.:t: Yet, with all these authorities staring from the library shelves, the "most exalted tribunal in the world" harks back to Blackstone's crude authority of one hundred and thirty years before; and perpetuates indelibly upon the records of our law a gross erro1: of fact, upon (•) 170 U.S. 343; 349; 18 Sup. 620. "When Magna Charla declared that no freeman should be deprived of life. etc., 'but by the iudi:ment of his peers or by the law of the land,' it referred to a trial by twelve jurors.'' (t) (t) Pollock & Maitland. 151; Thayer, 56--65; Forsyth, 91 ("It is a common but erroneous opinion that the i1tdi'cium Jarium, or trial by one's peers, had reference to the jury.") �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 23 one of the most simple, most marked, most important, and best known points in our history. We need not aspire, perhaps, to the fortunate condition of some of the European courts, where (as at Basel in Switzerland) the Chief Justice is the author of one of the three greatest histories of Germanic law, or (as at Paris) the author of the leading history, in his own language, of the procedure of the Holy Inquisition. But it is surely a simple and defensible ambition that the judges of our highest court should read somebody else's book of legal history enough to keep up with the common and established facts of our past. It is held, as a rule of our law, that judicial notice will be taken of ancient books of history; but it would seem that our judges will take notice of no other kind of books. Surely it ought not to be said of our courts, as Rabelais' Pantagruel conceded to the learned doctors of the law, that as for "knowledge of antiquities and history, they were truly laden with them,-as a toad is with feathers!" If we ask what is to be done, then, for the propagation of the general knowledge of what is already established by our historical scholars, we may take in turn the three parts of our legal profession, (I) the Bench, (2) the Bar, (3) the students of law. I. As for the Bench, we may as well concede that it is vain to hope to add this acquirement where it is now lacking. Rudolph von Ihering, the witty historian of Roman law, lamenting the imperviousness of the German bar to an interest in that history, declared that the right man would some day be born who would serve up history as appetizingly as a French cook could disguise a piece of sole-leather with one of those inimitable sauces. Pending that genius' arrival, his prescription was a good cigar, a comfortable stuffed chair, and the feet on the mantlepiece ad lib., as the best aid to the exercise of the historical imagination. If a box of Havanas, by Ihering's prescription, could be furnished to judges with every copy of Pollock and Maitland, perhaps we might expect something. For most judges, some such artificial stimulus must be provided. Fortunately, there are always exceptions. Where the instinct of culture, that is, of a worthy and high-souled curiosity, is seated beneath the judicial ermine, there will be found a judicial regard for the history of our law,-as in Doe of New Hampshire, Gray of Massachusetts, Mitchell of Minnesota, Daly of New York, Cooley of Michigan (to name some of those who have passed away), and among those still active ( to name only two or three of the prominent ones), Holmes of Massachusetts and of the Federal Court, Dillon, now retired, Baldwin, of Connecticut, McClain, of Iowa. 2. So, also, for the practitioners at the Bar, it is too late to do • �24 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. anything directly, except for those who still realize that knowledge is unending and who continue to be students of the law. 3. The great practical question therefore becomes, What can we do to teach the knowledge of history to students of law, and that chiefly, of course, in our schools of law? ( 1) In the first place, the materials now existing in the English language must be collected from scattered corners and brought together in a series of accessible volumes. It is practically impossible to set a class of students at work on the material in its present form, because, for the purposes of a large body of students, multiplicate entire sets of the periodicals or copies of rare pamphlets would be required. For example, an acquaintance with Professor Ames' indispensable researches into the history of the civil actions cannot be completely exacted of an entire class of students, simply because a School cannot ordinarily possess a sufficient number of the entire sets of the Review in which alone they are now accessible. The best practical service that can at this moment be rendered to the study of legal history would be the work of a Committee doing two things: (a) the compilation of a bibliography of all articles in periodicals, all pamphlets, and all special chapters in general treatises, dealing with the history of any part of our law; (b) the selection from this bibliography, of the most useful articles, pamphlets, and chapters, for reprinting in a series of ten or twelve volumes, to be used by instructors as reference materials in all subjects and for all grades of students; the volumes to be subscribed for by Universities and other libraries to an extent sufficient to guarantee publication. (2) In the second place, this same Committee, or another one, must provide for the gradual translation and publication of three or four of the greatest continental works of legal history on the period which shows the foundations of our own history. The history of English law, on both sides of the channel, is undoubtedly, as Mr. Freeman used to emphasize for European history in general, "from its first glimmerings to our own day, one unbroken drama." We must sedulously propagate this view of it. "I am ashamed," said Emerson, "to see what a shallow village tale our so-called History is." We must do all we can, for the aspiring and worthy student, to remove from our history that quality of a village tale which the technicalities of professional practice tend to emphasize. It is useless to argue, in opposition, that the student fit for these things will always have the French and German language at his command, and that therefore a translation is unnecessary. The fact remains that a large proportion of them have not, and that the exorbitant demands of other parts of their legal education usually �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 25 prevent them from undertaking these languages merely for the sake of legal history. Besides, the study of that history to-day needs special encouragement; we ought to remove all the actual obstacles, even if we thi~k that they ought not to have been obstacles. The translations ought to include at least Brunner and Heusler on Germanic law, Esmein on French criminal procedure, Brissaud on French civil law (when the work is finished), Pertile on Italian legal history, and Goldschmidt on the history of commercial law. It is lamentable to think of those works being locked up from the mature students of this generation. The Committee's task would be in four parts: (a) to fix upon the works to be translated and to secure the author's consent; (b) to discover among the younger men those whose accomplishments and tastes would fit them for the labor of translation; (c) to secure from the Universities and other libraries a sufficient number of subscriptions to induce a publisher to undertake the series; (d) to adopt a uniform vocabulary for the translation of certain common technical words, and to keep a general supervision over the process of the translation. (3) In the third place, the study of legal history should be made compulsory in law schools. The great fact of experience under the elective system in law schools is that with the multiplication and expansion of topics the subjects of history and jurisprudence are crowded out of the usual voluntary selection. The temptation of the practical, as it looms up directly ahead of the profession, is too great for the student. As between particular advanced topics of law -such as Mortgages, Commercial Paper, and the like-no one of these seems to deserve greater claims than any other; it is rather a question of discipline undergone than of information acquired. But against any one or all of these, Legal History does have a claim. Since the student ignores that claim, it should be vindicated in his behalf and regardless of his choice. History, says Montaigne, is everybody's subject. Over and above the history of the individual doctrines studied in the several courses, there ought to be a course of general reading. Our mistake hitherto seems to have been in supposing that this must indispensably involve a course of lectures; and few of us have cared to assume the cathedra of legal history. But the essential thing is merely that the student should gain the broadened view by a course of reading. "Reading maketh a full man." This part of the education can be sufficiently tested by an examination. This course of historical reading should include something interesting in the biographies and traditions of bench and bar. The Duke of Marlborough said that he learned all the history he ever knew out of Shakespeare's historical plays; certainly our �26 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. modern legal history can best be studied in the careers of Hardwicke, Mansfield, Eldon, Erskine, Denman, Brougham, Campbell, Webster, Field, and Choate. The course, moreover, should not be seriously attempted until the second and third years. John Morley has preached to us the natural method of learning history backward. "I want to know," he says, "what men did in the thirteenth century, not our of antiquarian curiosity, but because the thirteenth century is at the root of what men think and do in the nineteenth. It is the present that we seek to understand and to explain." Until the student has come into the possession of some of the technicalities of trover and ejectment, and has read some of the opinions of Mansfield and Eldon, it is useless to expect him to take a living interest in the details of history. Such a course can be constructed on something like the following plan : First Year: Selected chapters of Blackstone's Commentaries (for acquiring the orthodox traditions) ; R. K. Wilson's History of Modern English Law; Second Year: A, (a) Pollock & Maitland's History of English Law, volume I; and, (b) Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors, beginning with Lord Hardwicke; B, extra and optional course, to count-for additional credit under the elective system: (a) Pollock & Maitland's History of the English Law, Volume II, or Selected essays by Ames and others; ( b) any three of the following: Campbell's Lives of the Chancellors, from Sir Thomas More to Lord Hardwicke; Campbell's Lives of the Chief Justices, from Lord Holt; Campbell's Autobiography; Twiss' Life of Lord Eldon; Arnould's Life of Lord Denman; Brown's Life of Rufus Choate. Third Year (here branching from legal history to broadening subjects of jurisprudence): A course of reading (of one or two volumes) in specified books on any one of the following subjects: General Jurisprudence, Roman Law, International Law, Germanic Legal History. Something of this sort must surely be done if the newer generation are to be expected to know and to use the results achieved by the older scholars. III. Our third and last general inquiry is: What are the chief lessons and warnings for the future tendencies of our legal history? This does not signify an inquiry into the changes which are likely to be suffered or ought to be made in particular doctrines or rules. That is a question of legislative policy. The question is this: Having in view the mode of development of our law in the past, are the general conditions which have surrounded that development likely to remain, and, if not, in what respect? Will the persons and their methods remain the same, so that we may expect the mould and form to remain? It is seen, for example, that when English �PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. 27 law was transferred to American soil all the distinctive mechanics of development continued. The legislator and the judge, the treatise and the report, the bench and the bar, took practically the same part as before. Only the distinction between constitution and statute was novel, and the abolition of the distinction between counsel and attorney. Except, therefore, in the constitutional field, it has resulted that we may to-day discuss contemporary American law in practically the same terms in which Lord Holt and Sir Edward Coke discussed it. Does the future have any promises or omens for us? Two features seem clearly marked. r. An omen is certainly visible in the inordinate multiplication of printed reports of cases. The threat to the future of our law is veritably appalling. We are going to be drowned in them. The danger is that in trying to remedy the evil, when it bursts upon us, we shall take some sudden and ill-judged measure of defense. Perhaps, like Justinian or Napoleon, we shall commit the futile error of forbidding all rulings of courts to be cited as precedents. Perhaps, like the stag fleeing from his pursuers and blindly thru$ting his head into the bush, we shall decline to print a portion of the opinions which we write (as some Courts now do) and then feign not to see the private editions which the lawyers_are _nevertheless using. But in any case we must not abandon the publication of opm1ons. Abolish reports, said Edmund Burke, and you abolish the law of England. The essential thing is not this or that remedy, but the clear conscious vision of the momentous danger that is approaching. It will swamp our law; it will turn it into a formless mass. The mere bulk will be such as to transform our whole professional life and legal methods, in some fashion which is as yet unforeseen, but it is certain to be undesirable. The most feasible and effective remedy is for the judges to refrain from writing opinions of any sort except in that small proportion of cases which seem to require them. 2. The second feature of the outlook is a promise of encouragement, in that the vogue of wholesale codification has been stopped. This has been plain for a decade or more past. With so little of our legal history fully disentangled, and with communities of such diverse interests to be served by the national law, the time for codification of the entire mass of law ought to be far in the future. But the codification of what is known and settled, gradually proceeding piecemeal through the mass, is a different, a feasible, and a desirable thing. This is the turn now being taken. Through the efforts of the American Bar Association and the State Commissions on Uniformity of Legislation, a signal beginning has been made, and the progress is likely to be as rapid as could be expected. �28 BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Except in these two important respects, the history of our law in the future seems destined to develop by the same methods, during the next one hundred years, at any rate, as during the past three centuries. �����v. DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surrery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical instruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors. The attendance durinr the last year was 535. It is the largest Universi\y Dental School in the world. For further information, address Northwestern University Dental School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretrical study of Music, and is designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It also makes provision for the study of Music as a part of e-eneral culture or as an accomplishment, It offers three or four year courses lead· int:" to an appropriate derree in Music. For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois, VII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses preparatory to college and practical life. The proximity of the collere department with its many facilities constitutes a rreat advantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy, Evanston, Illinois. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onarga, Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for preparinr for college or technical schools, or other higher institutions of learnini:. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinois. VIII. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medical School on substantially the same terms as men. For further information as to the Residence Halls for Women, addreas Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois. IX. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE Garrett Biblical Institute, chartered in 1855, is a theolorical seminary co-operating with the University, It is open to all students who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry, It offers a three years' course, arraneed for classical graduates, Jeadinll' to the dell'ree of B.D.: also a four years' course open to college graduates leadinll' to the degree of Ph.D. Th~ intimate relations of the University and the Institute afford rreat advantares to all those preparinll' for the Christian ministry. NORWEGIAN-DANISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL The Norwegian-Danish Theological School, affiliated with the Institute, offers to those preparing for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish people an opportunity to do this in the English, Danish, and Norwegian languages. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further Information, address the respective schools, Evaaato11, lUl11ola. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series III, Number 3 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1904-1905 November-January Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1904 November-1905 January Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES III NUMBER III NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OP LAW) POUNDED OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J. James Ph.D. LL. D. President Northwestern University . Four (Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor Laws. Special Law. oftheChicaiio Law Institute Library . Law ! !' . Northwestern University Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicairo. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW . II. III. IV. V . CONTENTS OF No . SERIES III. NOVEMBER JANUARY . CHRONICLES OF THE PAST QUARTER LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEG AL TACTICS FOR . REVISED REGULATION S FOR LEGAL SPEAKIN G AND WRITING (FORENSICS) THE ALUMNI AND THE LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS ADDRESS OF THE DEAN OF THE FACULTY AT THE INTER • NATIONAL CONGRESS OF ARTS AND SCIENCE MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS Entered Post Chicago Ill. . . CHRONICLES OF THE PAST QUARTER. . Resignations Appointments Faculty. Resignations. Dr. Edmund Janes JAMES President University University Illinois. To Law School Departments University . University University . Professor Thomas F. Holgate Dean Faculty Liberal Arts Acting President . Professor Nathaniel Clinton SEARS Professor Louis Lee DENT Board Trustees . Professor Sears Faculty Professor Dent . Appointments. Illinois Practice Equity Pleading Mortgages Board Faculty Illinois Practice Professor FOLLANSBEE Equity Pleading Professor ADAMS Mortgages Professor GREELEY. Executive Committee Board Mr. Charles Yoe FREEMAN (A. B. Princeton University LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Corporation Practice Corporations . Mr. Herbert J. FRIEDMAN (A. B. LL. B. Harvard University) Lecturer Liens . Mr. Dwight St. John BoBB (A. B. Northwestern University A. M. LL. B. Harvard University) Lecturer Public Service Corporations ( Common Carriers) . BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Executive Committee Forensics BULLETIN Mr. Ebenezer Washington ENGSTROM (A. B. Northwestern University Instructor Rhetoric Elocution Albion College) Instructor Voice Training Forensics. Mr. Henry Lee PRESCOTT (A. B. LL. B. Harvard University Instructor Forensics Harvard College) Instructor Forensics. . School Professional Associations. Faculty American Bar Association St. Louis Professors ADAMS KALES GREELEY SCHOFIELD. Association American Law Schools St. Louis . Professor WrGMORE American Bar Association International Congress Lawyers Jurists St. Louis . Professors HYDE WrGMORE International Congress Arts Sciences St. Louis International Law History Law BULLETIN. . Publications Farnlty. Several Faculty Professor HYDE International Law Professor KALES Future Estates Property Illinois Professor LITTLE Corporations Professor WooDWARD Quasi Contracts. Professor WrGMORE Evidence Volumes II Volume III Volume IV . Professor ELDER Extraordinary Remedies . II. LIST OF ADDRESSES IN THE COURSE ON LEGAL TACTICS FOR . (Third Annual Series.) All Addresses Evenings Hurd Hall Law School Northwestern University Building Lake Dearborn Streets ' . All . No . . . Oct. IO. Preparation Case Trial Edwin M. Ashcraft Esq. (President Chicago Bar Association ). . Oct. . Methods Public Records Wells M. Cook Esq. ( Assistant Corporation Counsel City Chicago). . Oct. . Special Assessment Practice George A. Mason Esq. (Author Mason Special Assessments). . Oct. . Acquisition Retention Clientage Frank Asbury Johnson Esq. (President Chicago Bar Association ). Nov. . (Eve Election . No ). . Nov. . Brief Argument Supreme Court Merritt Starr Esq. ( Peck Miller & Starr) . . Nov. . Practice Pleading Illinois Statutes Keene H. Addington Esq. ( Jones & Addington' Supplement Starr & Curtis' Annotated Statutes Illinois). . Nov. . Land Condemnation Practice Samuel A. Lynde Esq. ( General Attorney Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company). . Dec. . Probate Practice Hon. John H . Batten ( Judge Probate Court Cook County). . Dec. . Justice Court Practice Robert N. Holt Esq. (Assistant States Attorney Cook County Justice Peace Cook County) . BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. IO. Dec. . Justice Court Practice ( ) Robert N. Holt Esq. Dec. . ( Christmas Recess. No ). . . Jan. . Organizing Advising Corporation Levy Esq. Moran Meyer). . Jan. . Some Features Practice Railroad Law Robert J. Cary Esq. ( Glennon Cary & Walker Attorneys Lake Shore Railway). . Jan. . Practice Masters Chancery Victor Elting Esq. (Master Chancery Superior Court Cook County). . Jan. . Tax Title Practice Harry S. Mecartney Esq. ( Oliver & Mecartney). . Jan. . Municipal Contracts Securities Granville W. Browning Esq. (Master Chancery Superior Court Cook County Assistant Corporation Counsel) . . Feb. . Practice Juvenile Court Timothy D. Hurley Esq. (Police Magistrate Chicago Chief Probation Officer). . Feb. . Landlord Tenant Roland K. Jones Esq. . Feb. . Bankruptcy Practice Sidney C. Eastman Esq. (Referee Bankruptcy Federal Court). . Feb. . Examination Witnesses Amos C. Miller Esq. ( Lackner Butz Miller). . Mar. . Practice Federal Courts Ingolf K. Boyesen Esq. ( Herrick Allen Boyesen & Martin). . Mar. . Acquisition Retention Clientage Frank H . Scott Esq. ( Scott Bancroft Lord & Stephens). . Mar. . Practice Police Magistrates John R. Caverly Esq. (Police Magistrate Harrison Street Station). . Mar. . Banking Trust Company Practice James C. Hutchins Esq. (Counsel Illinois Trust Savings Bank) . . Apr. . Law Office Wark Dealings Clients Silas H . Strawn Esq. ( Winston Payne & Strawn). . Apr. IO. Ways Manners Judges Hon. Arba N. Waterman ( Judge Circuit Court Cook County Appellate Court First District Illinois). III. REVISED REGULATIONS FOR THE INSTRUCTION IN LEGAL SPEAKING AND WRITING (FORENSICS) . (Adopted .) " Public Speaking Moot Courts . " . Persons . " Forensic Writing Speaking. Forensics Lectures Exercises Moot Court Public Debate Practical Legal Advice. " First . " . . Parliamentary Practice ( ) Elementary Course ( ) . " . Voice Training . " . Legal Argumentation Briefs P. M. Argumentation Briefwriting . " . Oral Forensics BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Oral Forensics Professor Forensics. A . " ( ) . " "II. . Moot Courts. Moot Court P. M. A B . . All . Each Professor . Professor Bulletin Board ( ) Professor . One . On Professor . Each . All . . . . Public Speaking . An Secretary' . . No ( Faculty) LEGAL SPEAKING AND WRITING REGULATIONS. School . " . Public Debate. A Towle Prizes Public Speaking . No School. " "Ill. . Legal Advice Clubs. All Legal Advice Clubs IO Secretary School Secretary. Difficult Clubs . On ' Secretary Club Club Dean Professor P. M. Professor . " . Bureau Justice. After Chicago Bureau Justice University Branch Settlements Police Courts . Secretary School C . Superintendent Bureau. ( .) " ." IV. THE ALUMNI AND THE LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. "To Legal Advice Clubs Legal Speaking Writing Alumni . Accordingly Alumni Chicago Clubs Clubs "Brethren Alumni Association " School. We . Without . " (Forensic Briefs Moot Court Public Debate .) . A ' ( ) . Thus . "Whence ? From . All ( Chicago ) . School . Perhaps ' LEGAL ADVICE CLUBS. . No Legal Advice Clubs . They . "From Chicago . We . Send . " . Make . With Very ." '' FORM OF CASE STATEMENT FOR LEGAL ADVICE. " . Name Class . Office Address . Date Sending . Last Date Desired Answer . Statement Facts . Precise Kind Advice Desired " (ALL CASE STATEMENTS' SHOULD BE FORWARDED IN TRIPLICATE.) ·' THE PROBLEMS OF TO DAY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE COMMON LAW. An Address Deliflered Department Section International Congress Arts Science Unif! Exposition St. Louir I John Henry Wigmore Dean Faculty Law Northwestern University. A . . ? ? Vice Presidents Congress Problems To History Common Law . ? II. ? III. ? . Vangerow Pandecten Roman Law "All " Gaius' Institutes Niebuhr. English Mr. Justice Holmes' Common Law Sir James Stephen' History Criminal Law Selden Society' Professor Ames' History Civil Actions Sir Frederick Pollock' Professor Maitland' English Edward . Up . Constitutional History Stubbs Gneist BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Seebohm Commercial Ashley Cunningham Gross . Palgrave Bigelow Young Coke Blackstone Spence Reeves Finlason Crabbe . Mr. Justice Holmes' Common Law . Sir James Stephen' . Ames Pollock Maitland . Thayer Liebermann Jenks Salmond Scrutton Selden Society English ' . ? And ? Here A English B C American . A. ( ) Germanic ( ) Roman ( ) ( ) . ( ) Germanic English Missouri Mississippi . Germanic Continent Saxons Jutes A . D. A. D. Norman . . Germanic Brunner Heusler . Amira Gierke Schulte Stobbe Schroeder PROBLEMS OF LEGAL ItlSTORY. Brunner' . Norman Esmein Flach Brissaud Viollet Beaune Tardif Glasson . Pollock Maitland' . . ( ) Roman . ( Germany Italian r r Japan French German r Rhine French Code r ) . Roman . ' r ' . Thereafter English . Pollock Maitland Scrutton. A . ( ) . . ( ) ' IIOO English . English ( Pollock Maitland) . A . . ( ) King' Bench Exchequer Common Pleas Courtsbaron ( English) Church Chancery Requests Star Chamber Admiralty English Courts . By . Professor Maitland' Renaissance English . Although BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. . . . Thus . Most . . . To Roman Canon Lord Holt Lord Mansfield Lord Bowen Sir George Jessel Chief Justice Kent Mr. Justice Story Mr. Justice Holmes . ( ) . . ( ) . Selden Society' Mr. Marsden' Select Pleas Admiralty . { Continent . Availing Pollock Maitland' PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. Professor Williston' ' . ( ) ( ) . . Even . Brunner Commercial . Goldschmidt' Mediterranean . Hansa Flemish . England Lord Holt ( ) English . To James ' . . Perhaps Dutch Hansa London. Yet Italian . Was ? Was ? Venice Wishy Oleron Pie Powder Lord Holt' . B. ( ) . . Its . These Professor Maitland Sir Frederick Pollock History. Professor Ames. ( ) . . . Merely Mr. Scrutton' BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Copyright Professor Beale' ' Mr. Veeder' Professor Gray' Mr. Digby' . * ( ) ' .· C. American ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Spanish Southwest. ( ) . . We Massachusetts Colony Coke' Reports . We . We Cromwellian Commonwealth Charles . . Nor . Chief Justice Kent English English . American English . All . ( ) . . *Since Mr. Hazeltine' . PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. English . . ( ) . Code Professor Hepburn . Massachusetts Connecticut . Such Bentham American . ( ) United States Government Southern Central Western Spanish California Texas Missouri Arkansas New Mexico Arizona. . II. Our ? Our A. How ? B. How ? A. One . Universities United States ( European Continent ) . Consequently . . ? . First . English Professor Maitland' Domesday Book BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. English Professor Ames' . Congress Ne Angliae . Let . ' . Work . ( ) . . Let University Faculties . . Let Universities . Procrustean ' . . Let Universities . . Finally . ( ) English Harvard Law School. . Nevertheless . $ $ . ( ) . These ( ) Rolls PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. English Record Commissioners Camden Surtees Pipe Roll Selden Societies ( ) Year Books ( ) American . . Year Books . .* . . So Year Books Rolls United States . University Association American Law Schools $ School . American ( Massachusetts New Hampshire) State Bar Associations Atlantic States State . With . B. How Bench Bar ? True Matthew Arnold . "Culture ." How ? . . "Not '' Cicero " . ." Of (*) Professor Beale' Congress. BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. ? . . . There . . Ex . Supreme Court United States. ( Thompson . Utah) * Supreme Court United States America Magna Charta ' . Now Pollock Maitland Harvard Law Review Professor Thayer Constitutional Law Federal Supreme Court American Mr. Forsyth' History Trial Jury. Magna Charta Barons . Yet " " Blackstone' erro (•) U.S. Sup. . ( ) " Magna Charla . . ' ' .'' ( ) Pollock & Maitland. Thayer Forsyth (" i ' Jarium ' .") PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. . We European ( Basel Switzerland) Chief Justice Germanic ( Paris) Holy Inquisition. ' . . Surely Rabelais' Pantagruel " !" ( ) Bench ( ) Bar ( ) . . Bench . Rudolph Ihering Roman German French . Pending ' . . Havanas Ihering' Pollock Maitland . . Fortunately . Where Doe New Hampshire Gray Massachusetts Mitchell Minnesota Daly New York Cooley Michigan ( ) ( ) Holmes Massachusetts Federal Court Dillon Baldwin Connecticut McClain Iowa. . So Bar • BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. . . ? ( ) English . . Professor Ames' School Review . Committee ( ) ( ) Universities . ( ) Committee . English Mr. Freeman European " ." We . " " Emerson " History ." We . French German . PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. . Besides . Brunner Heusler Germanic Esmein French Brissaud French ( ) Pertile Italian Goldschmidt . . Committee' ( ) ' ( ) ( ) Universities ( ) . ( ) . . . Mortgages Commercial Paper . Legal History . Since . History Montaigne ' . Over . Our . . "Reading ." . . Duke Marlborough Shakespeare' BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. Hardwicke Mansfield Eldon Erskine Denman Brougham Campbell Webster Field Choate. . John Morley . " " " . ." Until Mansfield Eldon . Such First Year Selected Blackstone' Commentaries ( ) R. K. Wilson' History Modern English Law Second Year A ( ) Pollock & Maitland' History English Law ( ) Campbell' Lives Chancellors Lord Hardwicke B ( ) Pollock & Maitland' History English Law Volume II Selected Ames ( ) Campbell' Lives Chancellors Sir Thomas More Lord Hardwicke Campbell' Lives Chief Justices Lord Holt Campbell' Autobiography Twiss' Life Lord Eldon Arnould' Life Lord Denman Brown' Life Rufus Choate. Third Year ( ) A ( ) General Jurisprudence Roman Law International Law Germanic Legal History. Something . III. Our ? . . Having ? Will ? English PROBLEMS OF LEGAL HISTORY. American . . Only . Except American Lord Holt Sir Edward Coke . Does ? Two . . An . . We . . Perhaps Justinian Napoleon . Perhaps $ ( Courts ) lawyers are . opm . Abolish Edmund Burke England. . . . . . . . With . . . Through American Bar Association State Commissions Uniformity Legislation . BULLETIN OF THE LAW SCHOOL. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/98227acd92ac37767d057ec6e06aa842.pdf 34ff42aa67972266c98e26a48c504c4d PDF Text Text l.LBIIT H. GARY, LIBRARY SERIES I NUMBER 4 NOR THWE STE RN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY, 1903 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J. James, A.M., Ph.D., President Northwestern University consists of eight departments or schools. Four of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center of the city of Chicago. The other four (College of Liberal Arts, Theology, Music, and the Academy, are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, immediately adjoining the city on the north. The College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about tbree miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leadi~g to Bachelor 's degree in Languages and Literature (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew); Mathematics (college and advanced); Science (Astronomy, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geology); History (ancient, medireval, and modern); Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other sub1ects appropriate to a modern college. Numerous graduate courses are also offered leading to the degree of A.M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph.D. Special advantages are offered to the graduates of this college in the professional schools of the University. For further information, address College ot Liberal Arts, Evanston, Illinois. II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The hospital and clinical facilities are especially good. This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, adoption of longer annual courses, and the graded curriculum. lt ranks fourth in attendance among University Medical Schools in the United States. For further information, address Northwestern University Medical School, 242~ Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the deg-ree of Bachelor of Laws. Special facilities are provided for a thorough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of the student, including over ten thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago Law Institute Library provides an additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to giving them that knowledge of Law which will be indispensable to them wherever they may practice. For further information, address Northwestern University Law School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the deg-ree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharma· ceutical Chemist. The course mcludes instruction in general Chemistry, Chemical Analysis Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy , Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assaymg, Bacteriology,.__ and Sanitary Analysis. It ranks first in attendance among Umversity Schools of rharmacy in this country. For further information, address Northwestern University School of Pharmacy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. �TABLE OF CONTENTS. I. II. NEWS OF THE SCHOOL . . . . . . . • • . . . • • • . • • . • • • • • • . • . . • • 3 LECTURES ON LEGAL TACTICS. • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 THE LAWYER'S METHODS OF ADVERTISING. FOLLANSBEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . • III. THE COLLECTION OF DEBTS MITCHELL D. . . • • •• • •• • • . •. • . • • •• • CARL R. LATHAM .••••..•• Entered at the Post-office at Chicago, Ill., as Second-class Matter. 6 19 �I I l �I. NEWS OF THE SCHOOL. Founders' Day.-On Wednesday, January 28th, the University celebrated the fifty-second anniversary of Founders' Day-the 1 day on whic h the Governor of Illinois signed the charter of the University. The program began with a banquet of the Northwestern University Club of Chicago, at the Auditorium Hotel, on the preceding Tuesday evening, Dr. Charles M. Stuart presiding. Among the speakers was Professor Ames of the Harvard Law School, who recounted the interesting history of the modern method of legal study introduced by Professor Langdell thirty years ago. On Wednesday noon, the Board of Trustees entertained at luncheon at the University Club, the president, the deans of departments, and the four guests of the University who were to receive honorary degrees. At 3 o'clock on Wednesday afternoon, a ceremony of dedication took place in the Northwestern University building, now containing the schools of Law, Pharmacy, and Dentistry. Hon. Oliver H . Horton, LL. D., first vicepresident of the Board of Trustees, presided. After an address by President James on the significance of modern professional education, brief responses of congratulation were made by the guests representing the faculties of Yale, Harvard, and Michigan Universities, and of Jefferson Medical College. On Wednesday evening, at the Auditorium Theater, the exercises began with the conferring of honorary degrees of LL. D. and Sc. D. upon four distinguished guests, selected for their eminent services to the cause of professional education in law, medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry. These four were: Jamer Barr Ames, Dean of the Harvard Law School; William Williams Keen, Professor of Surgery in Jefferson Medical College; Albert B. Prescott, Dean of the Pharmacy School of the University of Michigan; and Edward Cameron Kirk, Dean of the Dental School of the University of Pennsylvania. Each recipient of the degree was presented 3 �4 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. by the Dean of the appropriate faculty of the University, and each presentation was preceded by a statement of the reasons for selection. For Professor Ames, this statement was as follows: "In the name of the Faculty of the School of Law, I present James Barr Ames, Dean of the Faculty of Law in Harvard University; a tireless and fertile worker in more fields of legal knowledge than any of his cotemporaries; a pioneer, and a master, in the study of legal history and in the modern art of legal teaching; an inspirer of affection_ and scholarly ambition in countless disciples; the most distinguished living American teacher of law." After the ceremony of conferring degrees, President Arthur Twining Hadley of Yale University delivered the address of the occasion on "The Place of the Professional School in the American University." LECTURES ON LEGAL TACTICS. The present number of the BULLETIN contains verbatim reports of two addresses delivered during the past winter in the Course on Legal Tactics. They are selected as good illustrations of the general purpose and spirit of the course, which is unique (it would seem) in the history of law-school methods. It was founded with the object of conserving, for the benefit of young practitioners, the accumulated experience of their predecessors. It is intended to make available that knowledge which is not to be found in treatises or recorded precedents, and is yet of the greatest practical utility. Its topics are all those in which tactics, as disc tinguished from the principle and letter of the law, play an important part. Its lecturers are selected as specialists, and its beneficiaries have been not only the advanced students, but also scores of practitioners who ·have been for some time at the bar. It is hoped that at the close of the year the addresses may be published in collected form, under the title "Legal Tactics: First Series." Some of them are inevitably local in their usefulness, but most of them deal largely with truths and hints of broad and general utility. The list of topics and lecturers for the present year is given below; for the ensuing year certain new topics and different lecturers are expected to be substituted: �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 5 October 6. The Lawyer's Methods of Advertising-Mitchell D. Follansbee, Esq. (of the firm of Follansbee & Follansbee). October 13. Corporation By-Laws-Louis Boisot, Jr. , Esq (author of " By-Laws," and attorney for the Chicago City Railway Company) . October 27. Personal Injuries-James C. McShane, Esq. November 3. Special Assessments (B etterment Taxes)-Kenneth R. Smoot, Esq. (of the firm of Smoot & Eyer). November 10. D ebt Collections-Carl R. Latham, Esq. (of the firm of Alden, Latham & Young). November 17. Trying a Case with Reference to Appeal and Review-Charler B. Eyer, Esq. (of the firm of Smoot & Eyer) . November 25. Fire Insurance-Thomas Bates, Esq. December 8. Criminal Practice-A. C. Barnes, Esq. (Assistant State's Attorney). December 15. Law Office Organization and Work - M. Lester Coffeen . Esq . (of the firm of T enney, McConnell, Coffeen & Harding). December 22. 'Justice Court Practice-Robert N. Holt, Esq. (Justice of the Peace) . January 5. General Taxation-Robert S. Iles, Esq. January 12. 111ortgage Foreclosures-W. W. Case, Esq. January 26. Landlord and Tenant- Albert Martin, Esq. (of the firm of Taylor & Martin). February 9. Appellate Court Practice-Hon. Oliver H. Horton (formerly Judge of the Appellate Court). F ebruary 16. Federal Practice-Charles H. Aldrich, Esq. (formerly Solicitor-General of the United States). February 23. Conservators and Guardians-Miss Mary Bartelme (Public Guardian of Cook County). March 2. Personal Injuries-Samuel 8. Page, Esq. (Attorney for the City Railway Company). March 9. Practice under 11,[unicipal Ordinances-B. Frank Emerich, Esq. (Attorney for the Chicago Board of Health) . March 16. Suits against Municipal Corporations-Frank Hamlin , Esq. (formerly Assistant Corporation Counsel). March 23. Probate Court Practice-Lessing Rosenthal, Esq. March 30 . Practice before Masters in Chancery-William F. Wiemers, Esq. (Master in Chancery, Circuit Court). April 6. Acquisition of a Clientage and Management of ClientsThomas Dent, Esq. ( of the firm of Dent & Whitman). Brief and Argument before the Supreme Court -Merritt Starr, Esq. Selection and Management of the 'Jury-W. J. Hynes, Esq. Two addresses on "Organization of Corporations," by Frank 0. Lowden, Esq., and " Public Records and Clerks' Duties," by W ells M. Cook, Esq. (Assistant Corporation Counsel), were unavoidably omitted. �II. THE LAWYER'S METHODS OF ADVERTISING.' BY MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE, ESQ., OF THE CHICAGO BAR. In addressing you at the beginning of this course, I feel less embarrassment than perhaps I should, for I know that /to-night, at any rate, no comparisons can be made between my address and those which you will h ear later. I fully appreciate the distinction which your Faculty has shown me. It is different from any that I knew as an undergraduate; and I feel it none the less because I have been hurriedly called in on a date for which no one else was rash enough to consider himself prepared. May I say further, by way of preface, that I shall be glad of any interruptions, and that it will be my pleasure to attempt to answer all questions which my discourse may provoke. Members of the bench are the only ones of our profession who feel at home with respectful attention long continued. I think it is only fair to myself and to you to add that if I had the knowledge of my subject which the announcement of this course suggests, I should not b e h ere. If I knew more than any one else about effective advertising, I should keep that knowledge to myself and try to use it in my own business; but this is a subject on which each man has his theories-theories often divorced from practice, th eories which a re usu.ally of so little value that the owner is entitled to them, no one desiring to appropriate them, any more than a man covets the tree which does not bear fruit. Men cling to their theories, good and bad, through the shifting years, with the zeal of a false prophet, and a hope that is never conquered by experience. Failure does not teach the theorist-it only accentuates his views. I trust that I am betraying no public secret, nor shall be deemed guilty of uttering a new aphorism, when I lay down as my first proposition, that this is the age of advertising. If my statement seems too broad, come with m e to Paris, and look on the gorgeous posters to which some of the best artists of France are bringing their finest efforts ; to London, with the signs that cover buses, embankments, and d ead walls . One does not need to go abroad to find the tea-merchant making himself famous with a yacht; the same thing is done here by the chewing-gum man It is the spirit of the times. The merchant prince puts up a university; he street-railway magnate, a telescope. Clergymen, when discussing doctrinal subjects, write open letters to their superiors, which find their way into print before they are r eceived by the ' An address delivered in the course on Legal Tactics, Monday evening, October 6, 1902 . 6 �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 7 persons to whom they are addressed. And even our worthy President wears a big sombrero of distinctive shape, and in writing or talking puts things in words of one syllable, because he is apt to confine himself to the first person. The catch-word of the advertisement of to-day becomes the shibboleth of the morrow. Obtrusive signs become a part of us, until on the retina of our mental vision we have clear images of him who made talcum powder famous and the Senegambian who delights in broiled ham of a special brand. Trusts outwit their competitors, not by cutting prices, but by ingenious advertising. Social leaders glory in the strategy and prowess of their press agents. Banks, once cold and forbidding, assail us almost daily with artistically printed bids for deposits. Advertising, which according to Worcester is "announcing, publishing, proclaiming, making known publicly, and giving public information," takes the best thought of some of our brainiest men, and demands a large share of the attention of all of us. The art, which only dates back to the early part of the seventeenth century, now has reached a height which none deny, and its use is one of the marked characteristics of this time. What can a lawyer do for himself in this age of advertising? What is he learning ,from the experience of men who walk in other ways? In these days, when the reward of modesty seems to be taken away, and the shy, shrinking petunia is at a discount, what is the lawyer, honorable of mind and trained in study, to do that h e may attract attention to himself, and thereby obtain sustentation; in other words, what shall be his mode of advertising? It is not necessary in a company of professional men to lay stress on the fact that the lawyer has not, by reason of his academic training and high calling which he pursues, yet risen to a point where he cannot use money. During the years of his study he has gained expensive tastes, and with them none of the fondness of the tradesman for petty details of economy. Being a leader in the state and a pillar in the church, he must dress and live up to his position. P eople bring to him their tales of sorrow, and if he has aught of sympathy in him, he must give freely. He has taste in books, and knowledge how b est and wisest to spend. Some men must work a little harder every day, that by their industry and efforts they may be permitted to enjoy the results of the thoughtful industry of the lawyer-that he, in his turn, may live with the dignity and freedom from care which should be the birthright of the professional man. But how is h e to find his clients? How are they to find him? In other words, how is he to proclaim himself as one competent to p erform legal services? The lawyer must remember, once and always, that he is a member of a profession, and that, because he is a member of a profession, certain things, which would be honorable enough for the tradesman to do, must not be done. He is the creature of precedent; he cannot ask for business. He has to live, but he cannot ask the world for a living. That is one of the prices he pays for belonging to a profession. In what manner should he overcome this obstacle? In a practical age, advice which is not practical is useless, and therefore, from history and tradition, we must come to an examination of the actual facts at hand. �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. The legal directory is the commonest form of legal advertising. The desire of members of the bar to increase their business has become so well known that all over the country men in their vigils are planning new schemes and making new excuses for taking from the lawyer the price of a line, or a card, for an advertisement. There are over four hundred of these legal directories published, and while few are of any value to the practitioner they often succeed in making the publisher happy. This advertising in the legal directories is all a matter of the last forty or fifty years, and now one may safely say that there are few firms in the country whose names do not appear on one list or another. In the English Law List, which is the official organ of the bar of that country, are to be seen the cards of Alexander & Green, Evarts Choate & Beaman, Parsons Shepard & Ogden, of New York, and several well-lmown firms of this city. In the Scottish Law List, names of the same class appear. The same is true of the Irish Law List. The Canadian firms advertise extensively. In Kimes' International Law Directory, a London publication, are found cards of lawyers from Cape Town, Kimberley, and Pietermaritzburg, to Moscow. B. D. Milonopulu, of Corfu, in Greece, advertises that he corresponds in English; Simeon Petases, Avocat, of J erusalem, that his letters will be in Arabic; while Philip Morton, barrister at law of the Middle Temple, banished to Lahore, in the Punjab District of India, calls attention to the fact of his proficiency in Persian and Urdu. The practice of the insertion of a card is so common, so world-wide, that it no longer attracts any adverse criticism. But the trouble is, the practice is so common t hat it does not attract much attention. In any legal directory the names of from ten to one hundred Chicago firms appear. How is a gentleman of Portland, Oregon, or Bangkok, Siam, or Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, to tell which is the best to whom to intrust a small bit of business? The confusion bewilders the client or outside lawyer, and very often he gives up in despair making a choice, and writes to some friend, or a bank, or the postmaster, or a hotel. I think it may fairly be said that practically no one who pays for the insertion of his name in a legal directory can remember that he ever attracted any business to himself in that way. This sort of advertising has one advantage, however; it keeps a .man's name before his friends in the profession, and when they have an item of business to send to his town, and take up the legal directory, or the bankers' encyclopredia, or whatever list they use, they are apt to be reminded of some one they have known by seeing his name, and so send him business. Omar Khayyam asks: 11 What is it that the vinters buy That's half so precious as the stuff they sell?" And in paraphrase of it I would ask: What is it that the printers bring That's half so precious as the space they sell? The trouble with this sort of advertising is, as I have pointed out, that it is so common. In going over the different publications, one sees again and again the names of some Chicago lawyers, names that are not familiar, either in the list of new cases brought �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 9 or in any of the published reports, and he cannot but wonder how these lawyers who advertise so extensively get hold of the money to pay printing bills. The great advertisers in this line are not, as a ntle, the men who prosper. It is always a poor game to try to attain distinction by means which are generally known, which involve no originality of thought or special prestige, or anything except the price. The professional cards inserted in these legal directories and publications and newspapers would often be amusing if they did not, in a way, reflect on the whole profession. Some of them bear the hall-mark of the charlatan; others only resemble the cry of distress. A man adt>-ertises anonymously that he will procure a divorce in exchange for a pianola or dentistry; another, that he will answer three questions of law for a dollar; a third, that his advice is free. But the disregard of a fundamental principle of legal dignity is usually, as Pius IX. said of the marriage of a priest, "an act which carries its own punishment with it." There was a young law firm in New York, two or three years ago, which said in an advertisement in a legal directory, "We defy competition." A firm in Salt Lake City advertised in Hubbell's Legal Directory as follows: "vV-e a,·e a godsend to honest creditors, a holy terror to delinquents. Our motto is, 'The devil take the hindmost man.' We are dandies on stale claims." That is almost as bad as the card of a justice of the reace in Wisconsin: '' If a man is in love, that is his business. If a girl is in love, that is her business. If they contemplate matrimony, that is my business. J. B. French, Justice of the Peace and Attorney at Law. P. S. I always reserve the right to kiss the bride. T erms liberal. Time given if desired." A prominent Texas firm has on its letter-head, "Office hours from dawn to dark." And a colored gentleman in Arkansas advertises as fol lows: "Thomas J efferson Johnson was begat by the Republican party, conceived by the Goddess of Liberty, educated at the plow handle, emancipated by Abraham Lincoln, baptized by Charles Sumner, led into the Church by Fred Douglas, brought up by John A. Logan, taught the articles of faith by Clayton Powell, once in the Republican party, never out," which proves beyond doubt that Mr. Johnson should never have been turned loose. An Ohio lawyer prints on his letter-heads, in red ink of a most gory hue , " Claims collected in cold blood. " The card of a Chicago lawyer gives this interesting information: "Depositions taken before Mary Doe," which would show that Mary must be a lady of some renown. A lawyer in Metropolis, Illinois, advertises by relegating his professional announcement to a small space, and devoting the whole of the page to a picture of a big battleship done in red, white, and blue, under which is the motto, "Remember the Maine. " A lawyer in Atlanta, Georgia, advertises as follows: " DID IT EVER OCCUR TO YOU That Every Man or Woman May Sometimes Stand In Need Of Some Assistance, In the Way of Legal Advice or Service? If You Have Any Interest In Any Estate, As Administrator, Executor, Guardian, Trustee, Heir, Legatee, Ward or Creditor, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY IO Or Any Lost Relative or Missing Heir To Find, Note Our Account For Collection Or Settlement. Any Land Claim For Recovery Or Partition Any Past Due Mortgages To Be Foreclosed, Any Sort of Liens, Judgments, Or Attachments, Or Any Affidavits Or De_positions To Be Taken, Or Wish To Obtain Any Charter For Corporation, Or Patent, Or Pension, Or Trade Mark, Or If You Are Defendant In Any Suit In Court, And Desire To Have A Representative Or Attorney, To Look After Your Interest Or Recover For You, Send Or Bring Your Claims, With Correct Names, And Full Particulars For Prompt Attention, Do Not Wait.-Delays Are Dangerous. Be Brief. State Your Business Pointedly. I Am Very Busy Attending To Other People's Business. 0 D~l :~r¥S~ I;~r ,s,F~!ko~~~kF!11~~ · Call At Office And Confer Personally, Or Write A Concise Business Letter, Enclose Stamp For Reply, And Address"- While a gentleman of Dayton, Ohio, sends out a coupon card which may be detached, reading as follows: "TUESDAY AND THURSDAY QUESTION COUPON The question is, will I take ad vice and be right, or trust to 1uck and go wrong ? . This coupon is good for one consultation on any subject you want a lawyer's advice. If sent by mail, inclose IO cents for a reply. L. D. HELLER, Attorney-at-Law, 12 and 14 Canby Bldg., Dayton, Ohio." Another is: "AWAY WITH RATS. Send one dollar to J . L. S., Attorney at Law, Spartanburg, S. C., and receive a simple recipe for ridding your factory of rats and mice. No poisoning nor unpleasant results." Another card reads: "Compliments of. ..... . . . . JAMES KNOX SMITH, Lawyer and Jail Robber. Practice in all the Courts of Virginia and West Virginia. Keystone, McDowell County, West Virginia. I delight in defending the poor and those whom I believe to be innocent when my fees are secured. My motto is, 'Quick Collections Upon all Claims and Prompt Remittance Made in Cold Blood.' The Bible says to prove all things and hold fast to that which is good . Therefore, Brethren, seek me early as your counsellor, for know ye that even the righteous cannot be saved without an advocate. The Pioneer of Martinsburg, W. Va., has this to say of Smith : 'James Knox Smith, National Jail Robber, whose portrait speaks for itself. He is one of the brightest advocates of the Southwest. If there is a horned orator in West Virginia, it is Smith . He is only to be heard to be appreciated. His style is a marvel; never taking notes, but thinking out his subjects. He is ex. tremely fluent and forcible as a debater and stump orator. Strong and impressive in appearance, his language is the most convincing logic. He is a Virginian by birth, and a genial, courteous gentleman.' " �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. I I The Iowa idea is expressed in this card: "M. E. PENQUITE, LAWYER, Collins, Iowa. FARM LOANS AT 5-½ PER CENT. Also agent for TOMBSTONES and MONUMENTS. See me before you buy." While in Cleveland, alongside of a picture of a woman with the right arm raised towards Heaven, almost touching the word "Free" in large letters, we find the following modest announcement: "DIVORCES. DO NOT APPLY FOR A DIVORCE until you have called on us, as we can save you TIME, TROUBLE, and MONEY . Consult us when in ANY trouble and it will cost you nothing, and our experience may be of inestin1able value to you. The very best experienced legal talent . Divorce and accident or injury cases a specialty. CONSULTATION FREE and CONFIDENTIAL. Union Relief Co., 6r8 American Trust Building. References." Cleveland, 0. But this whole matter of advertising is somewhat as General Hancock once said about the tariff-" a local issue. " In country towns every lawyer inserts a card in the newspaper published in the county seat. Of course, nowhere are advertisements such as I have quoted regarded as dignified or professional, and they are utterly useless. It is foolish to lose professional standing if there be no pr mium in it. It is too much like being a journeyman pirate with no share in the swag. Next, after the advertising for which, of course, the advertiser pays directly, is that indirect form which aims at newspaper publicity. If a man can, by reason of his prominence, be assured that each time any question of popular interest arises, a reporter will hurry to his office or house, and between the puffs of a fin e Havana cigar, ask the learned counsel his opinion on this or that, he ought to feel very much gratified. For instance, the subject of taking physical exercise arises. The reporter visits the eminent lawyer, who always lets him into the office no matter how many people are waiting, and we read in the afternoon edition that the eminent lawyer admits that he takes half an hour's walk each day, but that if from his immense practice he could possibly take an hour, it would be of incalculable benefit to him. Or, there is some question concerning which the friendly r el?orter wants an expression of opinion, and we read in the mornmg that Mr. Eminent Counsel was discovered at his palatial home late in the night, and begged to say that h e had not any clear opinion in the matter, but he thought there was something in the 27 Patagonia Reports which covered the point; that at any rate h e would, upon going down town in the morning, set one hundred office boys at work briefing the subject, and if the reporter would be good enough to call half after ten, he would give him the result of that careful investigation. There are a good many varieties of this advertising, and each one of you can call to mind some illustration. As a practical matter it is doubtful whether newspap er notoriety is potent in building up a good clientage. If it was, there are a lot of men who would have reached affluence long ago; for many �12 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. men in their time have seen their names in the head-lines, and their opinions referred to in editorial utterances, but their popularity and prestige seem to have been as ephemeral as the issue of the paper which exploited them, and their reputations have been made and lost before a single new client heard anything about them. That sort of publicity impresses only the man who does not know how those things are done, and that kind of a man seldom has any law business worth doing, and the man who really has law business that is worth doing, does not, as a rule, care to pay to keep his attorney in the calcium light of publicity. He recognizes that one living in the public eye is not necessarily most potent in real work. The idea of the advertiser is to keep his product before the people, and the idea of the lawyer who believes in advertising is to make for himself a name in the community in which he lives, and to grow until he has reached a certain accepted personality, either real or assumed, so that he is not referred to as "a lawyer named Jones," but as "Mr. Jones, the lawyer." With this idea in view, young lawyers have gone into politics There are two ways of going in: one, as the active worker in a limited section of t erritory, such as a precinct, and there one may grow acquainted with a certain number of plain people, and if he is patient and a good fellow and they like him, sooner or later those plain people, or their friends, will need, and must have , the advice and service of an atton1ey. The other method is to start in as an orator or spellbinder. The latter method sometimes leads the young lawyer to retainers in sensational suits, but there are so many spellbinders in the city, and so many more coming here all the time from out of town, and so few sensational suits, that oratory is hardly an employment one can count on. When it comes to office-holding, the lawyer is usually disappointed; and if he does hold office, though his name is before the people, he does not advance especially in his profession. The offices are few and the aspirants many, and rewards at best are scant compared with the industry which is needed. The failure of the young lawyer who goes into politics to obtain the proper sort of advertising is due to the fact that he finds himself advertised, not as a lawyer, but as a politician, or that he becomes knoW11 as one who succeeds so little in law that he has time to devote to the duties of every right-minded citizen. Some men hope to become advertised through social connections; but only in the stories written by high-school girls is the young lawyer retained as he emerges from a conservatory or enters the box at the opera. The average business man would rather lend his legal friend one hundred dollars, without any clear hope of getting it back, than trust him with a ten-dollar lawsuit. He will do the first thing as a matter of friendship, but when he does the second it is a matter of business, and the business man's whole training has taught him that the men who do the best work are not the men who hav much time for pleasures of the rich. Of course there are xceptions. Sometimes when a lawyer once gets a start and as an acquaintance, it is worth while to take a long trip in c pany with a wealthy client, or with a wealthy man who ma become a client; but this is a long shot, and always expensiv . �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. About one lawyer a day plans to increase his acquaintance by joining a club or lodge, and therefore, whether you join for golf or billiards, or for fraternal insurance, you are sure to find the territory overcrowded and overworked, while the whole social fabric of this city is honeycombed with members of our profession; and there, again, the men whose business is worth while resent the insurance agent, and the dentist brings up unpleasant memories, but of a lawyer, most of all, they are cautious. If they get to know him well as a man, they respect him too highly to confess their financial embarrassments or marital infelicities, or moral delinquencies; and yet they will, without reserve, bring those same troubles to a lawyer whom they do not know. I do not for a minute wish to be understood as underestima ting the advantages of having friends. There are a few m en whose ability is so commanding, who are intellectually such giants , that they compel men to seek their services; but there are only a few of this class. I heard a banker say the other day that the self-made man was a myth, and that what was taken for a selfmade man was the man who had made friends and whom thereafter his friends had made. All I mean to do is to point to the fact that a man's friends are his friends, and not people to be converted into clients. When the lawyer once regards his intimates or acquaintances in that way, he sooner or later betrays his point at view, and men who thought themselv'es honored by knowing him feel themselves victims of a sort of confidence game. Every lawyer spends much of his time working for people whom he knows and even when he is not working for people whom he knows, the fact that he knows them is a great advantage. The knowledge that a man has certain associates becomes more or less widespread and he is given a standing thereby, while the m an who has no capacity for friendships or no capacity to inspire enthusiasm, and leads the life of a hermit or recluse, will seldom find himself in touch with the business for which his training has fitted him. In times past, the church has been a great stepping-stone towards professional success, and activity in church matters has brought many men into prominence, while an earnestness displayed on subjects spiritual has aided lawyers to temporal things. That has been and still is especially true in small towns, and it is likewise a fact that in Chicago to-day a stranger can make acquaintances among respectable people of moderate means through the influence of a church more quickly than in any other way. In the old days, however, men chose their lawyers on church lines. One lawyer was a great Methodist, and in time came to have the pick of the Methodist clientage. Another was a good Presbyterian, and one of his rewards on earth was the accumulation of a remunerative practice among the canny followers of John Calvin. A third was a son of a bishop, and did a choice Episcopalian business. Still a fourth had his office crowded with clients who paid weekly homage to the tenets of the Baptist faith. No lawyers now stand out as prominently. Whether the change has come from the fact that no one is as religious as those men were, or whether the whole body of the bar is leavened by the spirit of righteousness, may be a subject of speculation to the ignorant,-but not to us. We still have men on our bench who �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. seem to have a prominence as jurists which they might never have obtained had they not been faithful in their observance to religious duties. But many business men nowadays look with suspicion on a lawyer too closely identified with church work. They remember certain things that happened in the past, and they feel a disinclination to employ the adviser who comes to them too much permeated by the odor of sanctity. This is one of the unfortunate results of the present point of view and may not be especially noticeable at the bar; or again, it may be that a client feels that he must tell things to his lawyer which would shock a religious man unduly. And there is another trouble with the advertisements which come from association in denominational matters, and that is that unfortunately nowadays, with the complexity of life and the many demands upon the time of active people, the churches do not, as a rule, have as their most active workers men who shine in the business world, and therefore even if the advertising is successful in point of t h e number of clients, it fails in pecuniary rewards. There is one exception which ought to be made, and that is that there seems to be no doubt that a man who casts his religious fortunes with some new sect, a sect which by the originality of its doctrines finds itself apart from the main body of the religious world, a sect the members of which are clannish,-in that class the lawyer who goes in among them may find his incursion quite profitable. I do not for a moment wish to set up one belief against another, or suggest that a man may be less sincere in his faith than I am in mine, b u t I do say, if any lawyer will, with an honest mind, become a follower of Dr. Dowie, or of certain other movements, the names of which will be readily suggested to you, he will build up in a short time a comfortable practice. One reason for this is, that there do not seem to be many men who have had his mental training who can subscribe gracefully to these new doctrines, and therefore, the man who can, finds himself without much competition and surrounded by peop le who are bound to him by the ties of an unpopular faith, and respect him for his mental and moral bravery. There are men who do not try the lines of advertising I have mentioned, some because they think it undignified, and others because they think it useless. They claim that a man's standing in his profession depends upon the esteem in which he is held by members of the bar where, if he is a worker, he must be best known. They point to men who have tried these adventitious aids to circumstance, who have exhausted meretricious trickery, without ever coming in sight of v ictory. They speak of men who, in the act of winning, had taken so much of their strength that t h ey were never able to sustain themselves when the reward for which they had aimed really came. But even these men who lay stress on being lawyerlike, and who delight in the esteem of the bar, knowing that the judgment of the bar on any question must finally be the judgment of the community at large, have themselves been guilty of certain efforts for effect. It was the old idea that a man ought to look like a lawyer. Fifty years ago young men copied the forehead of Mr. Webster. Later, especially in this W estern country, rr.en failed to comb their hair, because Matt Carpenter of Wisconsin did not. Boy �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 15 orators come to this city every year and think that eccentricities in dress will be mistaken for originality of mind, and that a fog-horn voice will be accepted as an indication of great force of thought. It is to be noticed that as they learn the practice of the upper courts, they get over the eccentricities of dress and put a soft pedal on their utterances. Like them is the man who always carries the green bag on the streets, whether he has anything in it or not, because he has heard that Boston lawyers do that, and the man who always carries a law book on street cars or suburban trains, because he thinks it will give him a r~putation as a student. There are other men who succeed quite well because, through some aphasia, they never talk on any but legal subjects, and that irrespective of what any particular occasion may demand. They succeed fairly well, as a n1le, because they impress every one with the fact that they are lawyers and up even with the times; and that mere fact helps them. Take a young man with no striking ability, and let him constantly attend all manner of bar association and legal club meetings. Sooner or later there will get to be a suspicion among those who see him in such places that he must be a lawyer, and if they see him there long enough, they get an idea that he must be a pretty good lawyer, in the same way that we figure that any old settler must have something distinctive about him. There are many assumptions of which the lawyer may be guilty. His success will depend largely on whether, when he assumes a role, he can play the part. It should always be remembered, however, that it takes a good man to choose a really good role. Some of the best men in town have helped themselves by reading before literary societies papers on quasi-legal subjects, which are so able in their treatment that they impress laymen and lawyers alike with the fact that the essayist has a legal mind and is a man of deep thought. But, again, it takes a good man to produce such a paper. Other men become so public spirited, when their practice is dull, that they appear in cases of public importance in the capacity of amici curim, and they may impress part of the people with the idea that they are wise, and figure, probably correctly enough, that out of the part they can get as good a living as they care for. Then there are men who achieve a reputation for prosperity, knowing that their clients like to do business with prosperous men, or gain a reputation for success by lecturing to young men about "Qualities that Succeed," or "From Ploughboy to Ermine," thus seeking to impress-I take itin their discourses that they are telling the stories of their own lives, and that the fine results set forth as the rewards of right conduct are only the faint echoes of their own worthy triumphs. There are lawyers who do not go out of their offices to advertise, and who smile at those who do. It is a trade maxim in a department store that the most important thing in selling goods is to get customers into the store, and it is figured that every customer who _comes into the store will spend just about so much money; likewise, these men argue that when a man comes into your office, it is only a question of time when he pays some of his money for your advice or efforts, and they claim that the money that is spent for this office advertising meets the best returns. In the papers and pleadings and letters that they send out they �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. affect scrupulous care, and the recipient concludes that the writer is careful and painstaking and methodical. The office and the work table are orderly, and this fact argues an orderly mind. The office stationery is rich but not gaudy, which is a sign of prosperity long continued, and generally one feels that the appearance of industry accompanies the fact . The test of the growing and cultivation of the ground is the harvest that the land yields, and so the test of any mode of advertising is the result accruing to the practitioner. There are some who demand that this shall come in the coin of the realm; others who are satisfied with less money and more prestige; and others still who look at their profession as a sacred trust and regard a surplus of wealth as idly as does the artist. But as a rule, at this especial date, labor demands its hire, and if any one wishes to be moderately successful h e must keep his mind free from dire penury or petty anxiety, and for the average man the advertising must be effective. It seems to me the ,whole test of whether advertising is effective is whether the work of the advertiser is clumsy or artistic, is coarse or smooth. The man who does coarse work may win for a week or a year, but he will n ever know the heights of professional success, while the smooth man, who regards these questions delicately and works quietly and without friction, who dispenses with the steam calliope as an unnecessary adjunct, finds that each year his profession is more of a joy, and his acts in the profession better appreciated. Mr. Walter S. Carter of New York, in some remarks on "Ways that Win," before the Columbia chapter of the Phi Delta Phi fraternity, lays downmanyntles. Mr. Carter quotes with approval a remark that Mr. Charles B. Farwell made to him in r869, when he (Mr. Carter) removed from Milwaukee to Chicago: "We haven't much u se down here, Carter, for the bookish lawyer; what we want is the man who can make things happen. " That seems to be Mr. Carter's idea of successful practice. "How shall a man start?" h e asks. " Locate where you have influential friends, enter some office and learn the practical side, organize a firm of three, no two of whom should b e alike in politics, religion, or anything else. R ent good offices, fix them up attractively, have fine engraved cards, extend your acquaintances by means of letters of introduction, clubs, societies and organizations of all sorts, not overlooking dignified advertising." In New York he would have one partner live in Manhattan , one in Brooklyn, and one in New Jersey. One should be pre-eminently a business lawyer,-the rugs should be the finest,-and he goes on to tell the story of how fame and fortune came his way, and how many men met fame and fortune through his instructions. His idea is to make things happen. Mr. Choate (who has had some experience at the bar) looks at things in quite another way. He has had his measure of success, but does not seem especially concerned about styles in rugs. He does not think that he dignifies his profession especially by the engraved cards which he uses. He says: "In the first place, I maintain that in no other occupation to which men can devote their lives is there a nobler intellectual pursuit or a higher moral standard than inspires and pervades the ranks of the legal profession. To establish justice, to maintain the_jights of men, to defend the helpless and oppressed, to sue- �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. cor the innocent, and to punish the guilty, to aid in the solution of great questions, legal and constitutional, which are constantly being evolved from the ever-varying affairs and business of men, are duties that may well challenge the best powers of men's intellects and the greatest qualities of the business head." I don't, of course, mean to say that among the 90,000 lawyers which the census counts in our 70,000 ,0 00 of people there is not much base alloy. I speak of that great body of able and respected practitioners upon whom rests the responsibility of substantial litigation and the conduct and guidance of important affairs. You will look in vain elsewhere for more spotless honor, more absolute devotion, more patient industry, and more conscientious fidelity than among these. There is something of a contrast between the people who are going to "make things happen" and who bring to the profession the tricks of the market-place, and those who prefer to practice in a dignified way,-a way which the great leaders of the bar have known, and the so-called business lawyer can never understand and can never appreciate. And this significant fact remains, and I think it is the only fact of which we may be perfectly sure, that the man who does coarse work, and who is guilty of noisy advertising, whether in the country newspapers , or in the cafe of the Waldorf-Astoria, will not win enduring success. The men in this city who, year after year, have the surest and safest large practice, are men who lead independent lives , whose home life belongs to them. Their clients are substantial business men of the town, and they also live at home, and have passed the stage where a woodcut, in the afternoon paper, of the posture of the advocate catches their fancy. They want a lawyer because he is a lawyer, and not b ecause he is a clever hand at advertising. When it comes to advertising, a successful business man can teach any lawyer a number of tricks. From time to time ·some trial reported in the n ewspapers attracts the attention of every one, and the young practitioner is asked by the barber who serves him whether a certain man is not the best lawver in town. The barbers and men in their station of life make up their minds easily, and usually on insufficient information. They reflect the average opinion of that part of the public to which litigation and ownership are unknown d elights-a public never profitable. The clients who really help are the men who are strong and steady. These men will not be d eceived by advertising. They will be attracted to courteous gentlemen of graceful address, engaging p ersonality, and habits of hard work, and little by little they will show their appreciation in practical ways. If the man whom they know is workmanlike, they will hear of that fact sooner or later. If he wins a difficult case, the news will get to them, even if the young man is guilty of spreading it. If he draws contracts and wills cleverly and smoothly and accurately, knowledge of that fact will also get about. In time the lawyer will find that his clients are so many enthusiasts. They are so sure of his ability and his superiority that they are forever sounding his praises ; so proud of his services, and the results those services have obtained, that each makes an especial effort to send new clients to the office, until the lawyer is beyond the need of any advertising with which he is concerned. He finds himself sitting quietly and modestly while his name is mentioned �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. at bank boards and around the fireside as one who, by inheritance and training, is honest, thoughtful, and quiet, and by industry has become strong. The monument of such a man will not be a few envelopes of press clippings, or packages of ballots never voted, or programs of Chautauqua Assemblies. It will be found in the reported decisions of cases in which he was victorious; in accurately drawn conveyances which have stood the test of years; and in the esteem in which he is h eld by families of quiet, God-fearing people, who have learned from him to place the help and friendship of the lawyer only slightly below that of the priest. ! ' �III. THE COLLECTION OF DEBTS.* BY CARL RAY LATHAM, ESQ., OF THE CHICAGO BAR. When I was in college and in the law school, I was often impressed with the idea that each professor thought the particular subject he taught was the most important one in the whole curriculum; and you may get the impression that I think the subject under discussion this evening is the most essential one in the whole realm of jurisprudence. I do not make any such claim, but I do want to emph asize the importance of the general subject of debt collections, and in particular, its importance to young lawyers. Many of you may be inclined to question this, and may have heard older practitioners say that collection business is the "bob-tail and tag end" of a law practice; that collections constitute the poorest and lowest grade of legal business. I have no quarrel with any such statements. To a large extent they are true; but the fact remains that the first individual business nine out of ten young lawyers get is collections. This is not said to discourage anyone, for in fact there is nothing discouraging about it. Nearly every successful lawyer will tell you that his practice has grown to be what it is through a long period of gradual change. It is frequent, indeed, that the most profitable years of a lawyer's life come after he is sixty years old. In fact, in the legal profession, less than in almost any other is the old man a drug on the market. After a lawyer' has once thoroughly established his practice, he can usually tum over collections to assistants, and devote his time to matters involving larger interests. I desire to take up to-night first the collection of small claims; that is, claims amounting to less than $200, which are therefore (in this State) within the jurisdiction of a justice of the feace . This is a part of the practice that is usually given little, i any, consideration. Even if a lawyer never has occasion to attend to the making of small collections himself, he should still give this subject careful consideration, so that he may be able to give intelligent instructions to others working under his direction. But the young lawyer who never has occasion to make small collections is an exception indeed. Clients are sometimes rash; but they seldom intrust large interests or important litigation of any kind to young men immediately upon their admission to the bar. If on leaving the law school a young lawyer enters some established office, as nearly all young men do at present (and I may add, I believe this is the only course for a young man to ber * An address delivered in the course on Legal Tactics, Monday evening, Novem10 . 1902. 19 �20 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. take, at least in a large city), he will get a great deal of valuable experience in a short time, provided he is fortunate enough to get into an active office. Within a short time he may have an opportunity to assist in some matters of large importance; but, I repeat, nearly all his early personal practice-the practice he will acquire from his own first clients-will deal with collections. And if he is going to impress these first clients-if he is going to build up a clientage and succeed-he must give these first collections his most careful and painstaking attention. The intelligent and successful handling of a small collection has secured many a valuable client. In the practical handling of collections it is at once apparent that no set rules of procedure can be laid down. There is an infinite variety of circumstances, to say nothing of the diversity of debtors, and it requires no mean judge of human nature to handle to advantage the various kinds and conditions of debtors. The best way to reach one man may be the worst possible way of approaching another. The most obvious subdivision of this topic of small collections is into accounts the correctness of which is admitted, and those which are in dispute. It is much more practicable to lay down fixed rules for handling the first class than the second class. In all collection practice the three points to keep in mind are: first, succeed-collect the account; second, be prompt-make the collection as quickly as possible; the third consideration is economy; -that is, get the money, get it expeditiously, and at the same time get it with the least possible expenditure of money, time, and effort. This last consideration, that is, economy, is particularly important in the collection of comparatively small accounts. There is a limit to the amount of time and effort an attorney can afford to spend on them. Much as I appreciate and admire diligence and hard work, I think it is a mistake for an attorney, even if he is young, to do much dunning. Careful and painstaking attention does not consist in spending one's time in doing something useless. The proper course to pursue with a small claim is to present it, and if the debtor will not pay at once, get a promise of payment at as early a date as possible, and at the time of the first interview determine as best you can, whether a judgment for the amount of your claim can be collected from the debtor If he does not pay the claim on presentation and also fails to keep his promise of payment, ordinarily advise your client at once to sue, or advise him that the claim is uncollectible, or at least uncollectible without suit, and inform him whether you b elieve that the prospects of collection justify the expense of taking legal proceedings. If the claim could have been collected by persistent dunning, you will in almost every case get it by suit and get it much more speedily; and quick results are what please clients. The impression made on a client by collecting an account in comparatively a few days is far different from that made by collecting the same account after several months' delay. It is a great mistake to allow worthless business to accumulate in a lawyer's office. A lawyer will get better results and give infinitely better satisfaction to his client by disposing of small claims one way or the other promptly after he receives them. I remember on one occasion having my �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 21 attention called to a small account, something like $50, which had been in the hands of a collection agency, and according to the memorandum in the files with the claim, it appeared that twenty-six trips had been made by collectors to see the debtor, and that not one dollar had been collected. It must also be considered that there are a large number of debtors who are impervious to dunning. Many will pay when sued who would not otherwise pay at all, although they have no property out of which an execution could be made. You will find that there are a good many debtors who think there is something magical about a judgment-that it effectually extracts the money in some mysterious way-and with such people the fear of a judgment is more efficacious than the judgment itself. You will find on a good many occasions that after suit is started, the debtor will come around to settle with you and will offer to pay in instalments. In a great many cases, the pressure of keeping a suit pending will bring better results than the taking of a judgment and issuance of an execution. After an execution is in fact issued, the debtor, where he has no property above his exemptions, frequently finds that a judgment is not such a serious matter after all. It always seems to me a mistake to educate this class; for it is a wholesome thing for a man to pay his honest debts, even if the money does come hard. The actual expense of starting a suit in a justice court , where the debtor can be served with process in the central or downtown district, is only $2, that is Sr .oo for the justice and $r.oo for the constable. Now a lawyer's time is his capital, and he cannot afford to make many trips to see a small d ebtor to save the $2 .oo required to start suit. True, you frequently hear the statement that the only way to get money from certain people is to coax it out of them . I, however, b elieve very little in the coaxing method. At least, I do not think it is a profitable method for the lawyer. A man who will pay solely as a result of coaxing and who could not be forced to pay, will never pay much. In practice one also frequently meets with the debtor who says that he will pay if given time; that he cannot pay anything then, but has the best of hope that he will be able to do so sometime, but that if you begin suit or take any steps to force collection he will never pay a cent. There may be debtors of this class who intend to be and in fact would be true to their word, but I believe in suing them at once. Ordinarily these are the first ones to come and make some settlement when sued. The very proposition that a man will pay an honest debt if given his own time and way in every particular, but will not pay if his creditor makes any suggestion of the time or manner of payment, shows that the person making it is either morally or mentally defective, and in either case coercive measures are usually the most effective. A claim for an admitted indebtedness which has been twice presented by a lawyer without avail, and on which it is not worth incurring the expense of a suit in a justice court, should certainly be returned as uncollectible. Nothing (except success) pleases clients so much as quick action and a speedy disposition of their business. Some clients, it is true, expect an attorney to investigate and find out whether a judgment can be collected, before they are willing to incur any expense on a claim. But it is poor economy �22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. to spend ten or twenty dollars' worth of time in trying to find out whether a debtor is execution-proof or not, when it would cost less than half that amount to reduce the claim to judgment, have an execution issued, and find out whether the debtor in fact has any property over and above his exemptions. It is very frequent, in the collection of claims of this class, (that is, undisputed claims), that a debtor will want to pay in instalments. There is no objection to allowing this, unless you believe that the debtor is <).bout to fail or depart for regions unknownthat is, of course, on the supposition that the instalments are to be sufficient in amount and paid frequently enough to pay up the entire claim within a comparatively short time. But if a debtor wants to p ay in instalments, let him do the running about. If you begin to run after him, the probabilities are that you will run for some time. Whenever a debtor fails to pay, advise him that he must make a payment by such and such a date, or you will sue. Naming a certain day at that stage of proceedings is much more forceful and effective than indefinite expressions that a payment must be made within a few days, or that you must insist on the debtor giving the claim prompt attention. If the payment is not made on the day named, carry out the threat, and sue. Turning now to the collection of accounts where the existence of any indebtedness, or at least a part of the amount claimed, is in controversy, it is at once apparent that no d efinite general line of action can be laid down, and there is accordingly much more necessity for the exercise of judgment in each individual case. It is safe to say, however, that it is always best to put yourself on a p leasant footing with the debtor if possible. There may be feeling between your client and the debtor-in fact, in this class of cases there frequently is, but let the debtor understand that there is no reason for any quarrel with you. Eliminate personal feeling as much as possible. Not infrequently your client may be partly in the wrong, and it may do no harm on some occasions to confidentially admit to a debtor that your client is something of a crank, but that there is no question about the debtor's liability, and that the best, easiest, and cheapest thing for him to do is to pay the claim. I do not commend this as a general practice, but I mention it to illustrate how far on occasions it may be advisable to go to overcome the natural tendencies of some debtors to be unfriendly to attorneys presenting claims against them. At the first interview with a debtor, get some proposition from him, if possible. Then you have something to work upon. While it is a good thing always to be affable, it is best at the outset to let the debtor understand that you are in earnest. Always be firm and decisive. You can be that, and at the same time be on a pleasant footing. Never let a debtor see you hesitate, or see that you are in doubt on any proposition. There is only one of three positions for a lawyer to take when an offer of settlement is made to him; he will accept it, or he will not, or he will submit the proposition to his client. The last is the refuge taken when in doubt, but a shrewd debtor will always interpret an offer to submit a proposition to a client as meaning that he is getting close to what would be accepted. It is frequently a difficult matter to know just what is the best position to take. While it is �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 23 not desirable to let a debtor see any signs of weakness on the part of the creditor or his attorney, it is unwise to cut off negotiations when one believes the debtor has made a proposition which the creditor would rather accept than commence or continue litigation. When a settlement is offered which the attorney feels that he could not recommend, it is best, in my opinion, to refuse it at once and unconditionally; but in other cases, although you may make light of the offer, it is best not to cut off all avenues of retreat. Negotiations can usually be reopened after they have been broken off; but it is obviously not a dignified position for the lawyer when he turns about and accepts an offer which he flatly refused, a day or two before, to submit to his client. Be as decisive as possible, but do not reject absolutely any proposition which you believe there is a reasonable chance that your client would accept. Remember that in the great majority of cases a good settlement is a much better thing for your client than litigation. Right here let me suggest that the successful handling of claims frequently impresses favorably the debtor who is forced to pay. He will often tum around and employ the attorney who successfully prosecuted a suit against him, or forced him to make a good settlement for the other party. I remember an experience of this kind. I went to a small city not far from Chicago to present a claim somewhere between $1,500 and $2,000 . The claim was evidenced by notes and the debtor was apparently doing a large business. When the notes were presented, the debtor flatly refused to do anything. He stated that the notes were the end of a series that had been given, and that the clients I represented had made thousands of dollars out of him, and that all he had asked was an extension of sixty or ninety days, and it was unreasonable for them not to grant it. I endeavored to conciliate him by suggesting that even if my clients' course was unreasonable he would gain nothing by refusing a settlement; that he probably did not want a suit begun against him and reported through all the commercial agencies, and that, in addition, he would be incurring a useless expense in defending the suit, as there was no question about his liability. He admitted it was foolish, but said it was just as foolish for the people I represented to force matters, and he had decided he could and would be just as arbitrary as they. I then said that if he wouldn't make any settlement the only recourse for me was to begin suit. He replied that he expected that was what we would do, but that the next term of court in that county would not be held for about two months, and that that was all the time he had asked to have the notes extended, and that incidentally he thought he would have no difficulty in getting the case passed for the first term. I.suggested that we would not content ourselves in starting a plain assumpsit suit, but would take measures, if forced to litigate, which would bring a settlement promptly. The debtor was not a man who was easily alarmed; he suggested that if I had any method of making collections so promptly, it was worth his while to watch me go on and find out the way, but that if we had any idea of starting attachment proceedings we should better consider the matter carefully, as we might possibly burn our own fingers. It was evident that nothing could be gained by _further discussion �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. along this line, and I turned to other matters, and in the course of the conversation inquired about the facilities for getting back and forth to Chicago. The debtor stated he came to Chicago once or twice every week, and in reply to my suggestion that the trains did not run very conveniently , stated he usually took a certain train going and a certain train returning, which gave him considerable time in Chicago, and that he always made it a practi·c e to go in on Tuesd ays . A little later I again took up the question of settlement, along conciliatory lines, and finally induced the d ebtor to give me a check for one-third of the account, the balance in two notes of equal amount, one due in thirty days, and one in sixty days. As I knew there was considerable feeling on the part of my clients, I told the debtor that I would not consummate this settlement with him, but if he would give me the notes and check, would recommend their acceptance by my clients, and if not accepted, would return them to him. I then came back to Chicago and submitted the proposed settlement to my clients; to my surprise it was refu sed; whereupon I returned the check and notes to the debtor. On the following Tuesday morning I met the train on which the debtor had stated he usually came to Chicago; in my company was a deputy sheriff with a summons. The debtor showed considerable feeling on being served with process, but still made no further offer to settle. The case was immediately put at i~sue, plciced on the short cause calendar, and in considerably less than sixty days my clients recovered a judgment and collected its amount. Several months later, as I was stepping out of the elevator in our building, I met this same d ebtor, who requested rn.e to enter the elevator again, as he wished to consult mi>. Nothing was said until we reached my office, when he said, " I just met on the street a man from Sioux City, Iowa, who owes me some money, and as you are the meanest man I know, I want you to collect my claim for me if you can." And thus my old antagonist h ad become a new client. The rest of this story has no particular b earing on the subject Vie are now considering; yet it may be of interest to you as showing the expedients that sometimes have to be taken to realize upon claims against non-resident d ebto rs. My new client explained to me that he had seen his Iowa debtor walking down the street with another p erson whom he (the creditor) knew, and that his debtor had not seen him. He also gave me the name of the hotel at which the d ebtor usually stayed, and said that, as he was going that way, he would stop and examine the register and see if he was staying there on this occasion. I told him I would immediately b egin suit and have a summons issued and an assistant in my office appoint<::d to s;;rve the writ. I did this at once, and the assista.nt later reported that he h ad called at the office of the person with whom the d<::btor had been seen, and when he had inquired for the d ebtor was m et with a blank expression and the answer, "Mr. X, of Sioux City? I know Mr. X, and when he is in Chicago he u sually calls at my office, but I have not seen him to-day. Leave your name, and if he comes in, I will have him call you up." When asked if he had not been to lunch with Mr. X that day, he replied he had not, and then named another person as the one with whom h e lunched. The process-server was thoroughly disarmed, and when I was later informed that �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 25 Mr. X was not registered at his usual hotel, I thought my new client must have been mistaken about seeing him on the street; when he called me up to inquire what had resulted, I made this suggestion to him. He, however, was positive that he was not mistaken, and inquired what further could be done . I told him that the only thing further I could suggest was to make a search of all the registers of the downtown hotels . He instructed me to have this done. I also telegraphed to attorneys in Sioux City inquiring if Mr. X was in Chicago, and if so, at what hotel he was expected to stay. I did not receive a reply until the next morning, when the young man who had been appointed as process-server, reported that he had examined all the registers of the downtown hotels and had failed to find any trace of Mr. X. The telegram received from Sioux City, however, stated that Mr. X was in Chicago and that he usually stayed at the Leland Hotel. The register of that hotel had been examined but Mr. X's name did not appear. The deputy went there again and made a further examination, but found that the name was still not on the register. He then inquired of the clerk if Mr. X was in; the clerk looked at him a moment and asked, "Are you Mr. Y of Indianapolis?" When answered in the affirmative, he said, "Mr. X said, if you called, to take a seat and wait a few minutes and he would be back shortly." The process-server did as h e was told and in a short time was rewarded for his patience by Mr. X's appearance and the opportunity of serving the summons. A few further hints about non-resident debtors are here appropriate. It is frequently of the greatest advantage to get service on a non-resident debtor while he is temporarily at the residence of his creditor. It is much more convenient for a creditor to try a case at the place where his business is carried on, as all the evidence is usually there and the expense of litigation is a great deal lessened, while it is correspondingly much more inconvenient and expensive for the debtor. Where an attorney from a distance goes to see a debtor, he is usually in a better position to force a settlement than a local attorney. In the first place, he is not embarrassed by any personal acquaintance with the debtor, and in addition, the debtor knows he is there for the purpose of adjusting matters, and that whatever is going to be done must be done quickly, and it is much easier for the outside attorney than for the local man to avoid being put off. If, however, a settlement cannot be made and you are forced to institute suit, a local attorney has a great advantage over an attorney from a distance who comes in specially to try the case. The local attorney will probably know every man on the jury and just what will appeal to each one; he will also know all of the witnesses for the defendant, and just how far he can go in attacking them. An attorney from a distance is in an entirely different position. He may be afraid to attack the veracity of some witness whom no man on the jury would believe, and he may charge another witness with failing to tell the truth whom every man on the jury has known for years to be absolutely reliable. Sometimes it is advisable to begin suit before the other side does. It not infrequently happens that a client comes to an attorney and advises him that some one is threatening to sue him on an account, and that as a matter of fact he owes the amount claimed �20 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. by the other party, but that he has some unadjusted claim as a set-off. In such a case, after going over the facts , if it is apparent that no adjustment can be made, it frequently is best to have your client begin suit himself. By so doing he can select his own forum, and in justice courts this is frequently a decided advantage. In addition, your client will usually get the benefit of the opening and closing argument to the jury and in some cases this is an important consideration. In addition to all this, the very fact that your client is the one that has come into court as the man who is aggrieved has frequently an effect on a jury; they are apt to feel that if the defendant really was entitled to anything he would have taken matters into his own hands and begun suit himself. In the handling of large accounts (and by that I mean accounts which amount to more than $200, and are, therefore, beyond the jurisdiction of a justice of the peace) more complicated questions are frequently presented, and much more judgment is required. The two principal considerations which should determine an attorney's course of action are first, whether or not the claim is disputed; second, the financial condition of the debtor-whether or not he is solvent, and if solvent, whether there is any immediate danger of his failing and becoming insolvent. If the claim is undisputed, the same course of action should be followed that has been outlined for small undisputed claims, with the additional suggestion that usually where a large claim, the correctness of which is admitted, is placed in the hands of an attorney, the debtor is in a bad way financially, and it is frequently much wiser to get some security, or to collect the claim in installments, than to begin suit. The starting of a suit on claims in a court of record is a much more serious matter than the starting of suit in a justice court. Where a debtor is in a critical condition financially, the bringing of a suit is frequently the worst possible step that can be taken, for all suits in courts of record are reported by commercial [agencies such as Dun's and Bradstreet's, and the bringing of a suit will attract the attention of other creditors and have a decided tendency to induce them to push their claims, and this will in many instances precipitate the bankruptcy of the debtor. Another objection is the length of time that may be required. If no defense is interposed, a judgment can ordinarily be obtained in a month's time. But, unless a debtor is entirely insolvent, the bringing of a suit is very apt to remind him that h e has a number of defenses. Not infrequently his recollection will be so far revived that he will turn round and file a set-off, claiming that his creditor is in fact indebted on a balance to him. Unless a case can be tried on the short-cause calendar it may be two or three years before it will be reached on the regular call in this county. If, however, a debtor will not pay anything on an admitted claim, or fails to keep a promise of payment, litigation is the only recourse, and suit should be begun as soon as it is apparent that the account cannot be collected without it. Delay here is dangerous, the chances being, in such circumstances, that the debtor is getting into a worse condition every day. Quick action is always an important consideration. Turning now to claims that are not admitted, the consideration that will most affect a lawyer's course of action is the finan- �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 27 cial condition of the debtor. The next factor is whether the claim is simply:not admitted, or whether there is in fact a bona fide controversy between the parties. In actual practice you will find there is a very marked difference between the two. Frequently in the trial of a case the most difficult facts to prove are matters about which there is no actual controversy between ·the parties, and for this r eason in claims of indebtedness not admitted, it is wise to get the claims admitted in some fashion if possible, or at least get some evidence in the line of admissions that w ill make your proof simple in the event that a lawsuit becomes necessary. Always keep in mind the possibility of a trial, and do not overlook any opportunity to get something that will help you. After suit is b egun the debtor will deny everything, and there will be no chance of getting any evidence from him. Ordinarily claims not admitted but yet not actually disputed are against debtors who a re at least h ard up, and the element of time is important. If the debtor is unquestionably good, and refuses payment purely from meanness, or for the purpose of securing some concessions, you can afford to be quite independent with him. But in all cases, with the possible exception of small claims , avoid suit if possible. It is usually cheaper, and more satisfactory to clients, in the long run, to make some concession rather than to litigate. In collection practice, as well as in oth er controversies, it should b e the aim of the lawyer to keep his clients out of litigation rather than to bring them into it. Generally speaking, the taking of a promissory note, due sometime in the future , is no improvement over an open account which is past due, for the account is matured and you can bring action on it at any time; while, if the account is once merged in a note, you will not be able to take any legal proceedings until after the maturity of the note. I mention this ·because I remember that once, before I was admitted to the bar, I presented a claim and the debtor said h e could not pay anything. I insisted on his doing something, and h e offered to give m e a note and I agreed to see if it would be accep ted. It was not accepted, however, as the attorney for whom I was acting showed m e that the note would h ere be no better than the account. There are, it is true, a number of debtors who will pay a note promptly and yet will keep putting off the payment of an open account. But the securing of notes in such instances is an expedient to be employed by creditors themselves rather than by a lawyer; for ordinarily, debtors who would pay because they had given a note would pay at once upon finding a claim against them in the hands of an attorney. Still, there are cases where the taking of an unsecured promissory note is the best thing that can be done. Where the account is one which cannot be r eadily proved, a great deal of time may be saved by taking a note, even if it will not mature for several months. As b efore suggested, it is frequently most difficult to prove facts over which there is in reality no contention. As an illustration, take an account for goods sold and delivered, where there have been a number of transactions between the parties. It is one of the most difficult claims to prove. You require as witnesses the salesmen who n egotiated the various contracts of sale and the men who made the various deliveries; and if the plaintiff represents a business employing a large number of men, it is almost �28 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. impossible to furnish all of the required proof. The various salesmen and the men who made the deliveries may have no independent recollection of the various transactions. In handling claims of this class it is frequently all important to get some admissions from the debtor which will render the claim an account stated, or get some statement from him as to just what he claims to be wrong in the account. An attorney in handling claims should always bear in mind this matter of evidence before legal proceedings are started, for, as before suggested, after suit is once commenced it is too late to accomplish anything along this line. The object in endeavoring to get as much evidence as possible in this class of claims from the debtor is not only to save the trouble, time, and expense of securing the attendance of a large number of witnesses, and in some cases of enabling yourself to prove a claim that could not otherwise be proved at all, but very frequently the getting of such evidence will make it possible to try a case promptly on the short-cause calendar which could not otherwise be tried before a year or two. This calendar has been the means of the collection of many claims that otherwise would h ave been lost. Many a debtor has paid a claim that he would have allowed to go to suit if he had felt that he could gain two or three years' time thereby. Cases that are at all complicated cannot be tried on this calendar, and even in the simplest cases it is highly essential to have the evidence in the best possible shape, for if the defendant' s attorney is at all inclined to employ dilatory tactics, it is impossible to get very far in an hour's time. Where there are several items to an account for goods sold and delivered, it is impossible to try a suit for it on the short-cause calendar, unless sufficient evidence is at hand to prove an account stated, or unless admissions have been secured from the debtor that the account is right with certain exceptions, which thus materially n a rrow the issu es . In order to prove an account stated, it is not necessary to have testimony that the parties formally came together and went over their accounts and agreed upon a certain amount. The law is well settled that where there have been dealings between two persons, and bills and statements have been sent by the creditor to the debtor from time to time, and these were not questioned or objected to within a reasonable time, the receipt of such bills and statements constitutes evidence of an account stated. Frequently it is possible to make out a prima facie case simply by evidence of this kind, though it would take hours to prove the sale and delivery of the various items. In cases where the d efendant has no r eal defense, but is merely relying on the difficulty which the plaintiff will have to make out a case, this is all that is required. Where a claim is of considerable amount, and you realize that the debtor cannot pay it all at once, the thing to do is to get the account secured in some way. The course to pursue in such cases is at present entirely different from what it was before the enactment of the recent Federal bankruptcy law. Formerly an insolvent debtor had the right to prefer one or more of his creditors. This, however, has now all been changed, and the efficacy of preferences has practically ceased. Before the bankruptcy act, the three kinds of securities sought were usually judgment notes, mortgages, or indorsements by some third party. A judgment �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 29 note is not, properly speaking, a security, as it gives no lien on any property, nor does it give any cause of action against any one besides the debtor. It was valuable to a creditor, however, as he could have judgment entered on it at any time, whether the note had matured or not, and in this way could immediately levy on any property of the debtor. Giving judgment notes was a favorite way of preferring creditors, and frequently the principal creditor of a debtor would demand judgment notes as a prerequisite to continuing to extend credit. The creditor having a judgment note was in a position to have a judgment entered immediately if any other creditor begun. proceedings. But a judgment note, while it gave protection against other creditors, did not give much security against the acts of the debtor himself. He could sell out, mortgage his property, give other judgment notes, or make a voluntary assignment for the benefit of his creditors; in any of which events the judgment note was of little or no avail. A mortgage, however, gave a creditor a lien on the property covered thereby, and besides gave him protection against both the debtor and other creditors from the time it was recovered. A chattel mortgage, though, on a stock of goods kept for sale, is invalid in this state against creditors until actual possession of the goods is taken by the mortgagee; and a debtor who has any credit to speak of which he cares to maintain will never give a chattel mortgage. A mortgage on real estate is different and is always a good thing to get, if the property covered thereby is valuable and there are no prior encumbrances. But debtors in failing circumstances are seldom in a position to give such security. Chattel mortgages, before the bankruptcy act went into effect, were frequently used to prefer particular creditors. A debtor in failing circumstances would frequently give a judgment note to a large creditor for the purpose of having judgment entered immediately and a levy made on all his tangible property. In the same way a chattel mortgage would be given and never be recorded, but the mortgagee would take immediate possession. Some of you will doubtless remember the failure of the "Leader," a dry goods store on State Street, owned by Demberg, Glick & Homer. On the 3d of July, 1894 or 1895, business was going on in the store apparently the same as usual. That night the mortgagee took possession of everything in the store under a mortgage executed that day. That year, the 5th of July (as I recollect) was Sunday, and by Monday morning everything had been cleared out of the store. For years Demberg, Glick & Homer were the most sued men in Chicago; judgment after judgment was entered against them, but no one except the mortgagee ever recovered a dollar. Notes guaranteed by some responsible third party are a desirable form of security; the great difficulty, however, is to obtain them, for ordinarily third parties have troubles enough of their own without assuming those of others. Since the Federal bankruptcy act went into effect judgment notes and chattel mortgages are largely things of the past. Under the provisions of that act all levies, judgments, attachments, or other liens obtained through legal proceedings against a person who is insolvent, within four months prior to the time of filing a petition in bankruptcy by or against him, are deemed null and �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. void in case he is afterwards adjudged a bankrupt, and all chattel mortgages which are filed for record within the last four months prior to the filing of a petition in bankruptcy by or against a debtor are also made invalid if the debtor is adjudged a bankrupt, unless the mortgage or security is given for a present consideration; and in cases where the security is given for both a present and past consideration, it will be sustained only to the amount of the present consideration. Moreover, payments made by a debtor, within four months prior to the filing of a petition in bankruptcy for or against him, can be recovered from the creditor receiving the same, if the debtor was insolvent at the tin,e the payments were made and the creditor knew of the insolvency and knew the payments were intended as a preference. The lawyer representing diligent creditors is greatly handicapped by the provisions of the bankruptcy act. No aggressive action that h e can take is apt to avail his client. Debtors realize this, and not infrequently threaten to take bankruptcy proceedings themselves if they are crowded to the wall. Although there are now fewer opportunities open to an attorney to realize on a claim against a debtor who is in a bad way financially, there is all the more necessity for exercising good judgment in proceeding along the lines still left open. Judgment notes and chattel mortgages, as we have seen, are of little avail. Indorsements of responsible parties are excellent, but in most cases impossible to get. In other words, accounts for a past consideration against a failing debtor cannot now, except in rare instances, be realized by independent action of individual creditors. The only recourse is to get payments in some way. Refrain from suit as long as there is a reasonable prospect of collection without suit; but where the debtor fails to make payments promptly, let him know that you are going to start suit, and then, if the money is not forthcoming, the only thing to do is to proceed to sue. After you have failed to make good your threat to sue you cannot thereafter put much pressure on him , and there is nothing to induce one to b elieve that a debtor will k eep future promises when he has failed to keep past ones. In a case where a debtor will plainly not pay and it is apparent that he is insolvent, or that his condition is getting worse rather than better, the best course is to file a petition to have him adjudged a bankrupt. It is useless to sue individually in cases where there is every reason to believe that bankruptcy proceedings will intervene before a judgment can be secured and realized upon. But just when it is time to abandon persuasive measures, and how to choose between an ordinary suit and bankruptcy proceedings, are not always simple questions. Still, when it is apparent that nothing further can be accomplished by conciliatory methods, nothing can be gained by delay. Before the enactment of the bankruptcy law an attorney handling commercial matters was frequently put in an exceptionally embarrassing position where he had claims against a d ebtor in failing circumstances who was unfriendly to his client and would do nothing to secure the d ebt. In such cases it was frequently a question of either attaching the goods or losing the claim. If he attached, it meant that his client would have to defend a damage suit for breaking up the business of the debtor. Attachment �BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. 31 suits are generally dangerous proceedings, except where the attachment is levied on the ground of non-residence of the debtor. The other statutory grounds are, in effect, that the debtor is concealing himself so as to avoid b eing served with process, or that he has disposed of his property within the last two years for the purpose of hindering and delaying his creditors, or is about to dispose of his property for the purpose of hindering and delaying his creditors; and it is usually difficult to get evidence to establish any of these statutory grounds. It is also exceedingly exasperating to be morally certain that a debtor is about to dispose of all his assets, and yet sit idly by and do nothing. Clients ordinarily want action. At the same time, in deciding whether or not to attach it is by all odds best to be cautious. Clients are very much averse to taking the risk of a heavy damage suit for the sake of collecting an account, unless the chances of success are excellent. It is frequently impossible to tell how great a liability will be incurred by instituting attachment proceedings, and the only course is to explain to your client the exact situation, tell him as precisely as you can what liability he will incur in the event that he is unable to sustain the attachment, and advise him as accurately as possible just what the chances of success are. The subject of accord and satisfaction is of frequent importance in collection business. The leading case in this State is Ostrander vs. Scott, 161 Ill., 339. The facts there were that Ostrander had been the western agent for Scott, a manufacturer of printing presses. The agency had ceased, and !Scott was requesting the payment of some $6,000 or $7 ,ooo, which he claimed was due him from Ostrander. The latter admitted the greater portion of the indebtedness, but claimed that he was entitled to an allowance of $r ,200 for commissions on certain presses that had been sold in his territory prior to the termination of his agency. Under these circumstances Ostrander sent Scott a check for the amount claimed, less $1,200, advising him that the same was sent in full settlement of the account, and on the check was written "in full of all demands to date." Scott received the letter and used the check, and wrote back saying that the check had been received and applied on account, and requested payment of the remaining $1,200. Ostrander replied that the check was sent on the condition that it should be accepted in full payment, and that if Scott did not care to receive it in full settlement he should return the same. Scott answered that he had applied the check on account and that the fact that Ostrander wanted it to constitute a payment in full made no difference; and he refused to return the check. He subsequently began suit and recovered in the trial court and in the Appellate Court, but the Supreme Court reversed the ruling, holding that when there is a bona fide dispute between parties and an amount is tendered in full payment, the acceptance of it constitutes an accord and satisfaction. The moral is plain. In conclusion I would make two suggestions. The first is, in handling accounts, report to your clients frequently. Time taken up in this way is by no means lost, even if you are doing all that can be done . A client likes to feel that his business is having attention. and he will usually feel so if he is fully advised of what is being done. A further suggestion is, remit promptly. This is particularly �32 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. l important, because there have been collection agencies, and even (strange as it may seem) attorneys, who have been known to forget to send their clients the proceeds of collections made by them, and it makes a good impression on any client to know that he has received his money promptly upon its collection by his attorney. With these final hints I close, hoping that the results of my experience, here set forth, may be of some value in leading you to avoid those mistakes and gain those advantages which otherwise would have been made or omitted for lack of a simple warning. It is right and just that the results of experience should not be lost, but should be transmitted for the gain of newer generations. It is not right that each newcomer should have to acquire, at the cost of his own painful experience, that which was already well known to others. What I have suggested is, of course, my own opinion alone, but it is doubtless representative. I trust that, in the collection of debts, you may enter upon your work somewhat better prepared by reason of what I have contributed. �V. DENT AL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the de!l'ree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical mstruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors. The attendance during the last year was 535. It is the largest University Dental School in the world. For further information, address Northwestern University Dental School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretical study of Music,and is designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It also makes provision for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accomplishment. It otters three or four year courses leading to an appropriate degree in Music. For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois. VII. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON The Garrett Biblical Institute, open to all young men from anr evangelical church, who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry, offers a three years' course arrang-ed for classical graduates of approved colleges, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity; also a four years' course open to college graduates, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The Norwegian-Danish Theological Department, established to prepare men for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish peoJ)le, offers its students an opportunity to pursue their theological studies in the English, Norwegian, and Danish languai;res. The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing demands for educated pastors and missbnaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further information, address the respective schools, Evanston, Illinois. VIII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses preparatory to college and practical life. The proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a great advantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy Evanston, Illinois. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onarga, Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for p_reparing for college or technical schools, or other higher institutions of learning. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinois. IX. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medica School on substantially the same terms as meu. For further information as to the Residence Hall for Women, address Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series I, Number 4 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1903 February Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 February Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. .LBIIT H. GARY LIBRARY SERIES NUMBER NOR THWE STE RN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED LAW OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY FEBRUARY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J. James A.M. Ph.D. President Northwestern University . Four (Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor Laws. Special Law. Chicago Law Institute Library . Law . Northwestern University Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. TABLE OF CONTENTS. . NEWS OF THE SCHOOL . . . . . . . • • . . . • • • . • • . • • • • • • . • . . • • LECTURES ON LEGAL TACTICS. • . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II. THE LAWYER'S METHODS OF ADVERTISING. MITCHELL D. FOLLANSBEE . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • • • • • • • • • . • . • . • • • • • III. THE COLLECTION OF DEBTS CARL R. LATHAM .••••..•• Entered Post Chicago Ill. Second Matter. . NEWS OF THE SCHOOL. Founders' Day. On University Founders' Day whic Governor Illinois University. Northwestern University Club Chicago Auditorium Hotel Dr. Charles M. Stuart . Among Professor Ames Harvard Law School Professor Langdell . On Board Trustees University Club University . ' Northwestern University Law Pharmacy Dentistry. Hon. Oliver H . Horton LL. D. Board Trustees . After President James Yale Harvard Michigan Universities Jefferson Medical College. On Auditorium Theater LL. D. Sc. D. . These Jamer Barr Ames Dean Harvard Law School William Williams Keen Professor Surgery Jefferson Medical College Albert B. Prescott Dean Pharmacy School University Michigan Edward Cameron Kirk Dean Dental School University Pennsylvania. Each NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Dean University . Professor Ames " Faculty School Law James Barr Ames Dean Faculty Law Harvard University affection American ." After President Arthur Twining Hadley Yale University " Place Professional School American University." LECTURES ON LEGAL TACTICS. BULLETIN Course Legal Tactics. They ( ) . . . Its . Its · . "Legal Tactics First Series." Some . BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . Lawyer' Methods Advertising Mitchell D. Follansbee Esq. ( Follansbee & Follansbee). . Corporation By Laws Louis Boisot Jr. Esq ( " By Laws " Chicago City Railway Company) . . Personal Injuries James C. McShane Esq. . Special Assessments (B Taxes) Kenneth R. Smoot Esq. ( Smoot & Eyer). . D Collections Carl R. Latham Esq. ( Alden Latham & Young). . Trying Case Reference Appeal Review Charler B. Eyer Esq. ( Smoot & Eyer) . . Fire Insurance Thomas Bates Esq. . Criminal Practice A. C. Barnes Esq. (Assistant State' Attorney). . Law Office Organization Work M. Lester Coffeen . Esq . ( T McConnell Coffeen & Harding). . 'Justice Court Practice Robert N. Holt Esq. (Justice Peace) . . General Taxation Robert S. Iles Esq. . Foreclosures W. W. Case Esq. . Landlord Tenant Albert Martin Esq. ( Taylor & Martin). . Appellate Court Practice Hon. Oliver H. Horton ( Judge Appellate Court). F . Federal Practice Charles H. Aldrich Esq. ( Solicitor General United States). . Conservators Guardians Miss Mary Bartelme (Public Guardian Cook County). . Personal Injuries Samuel . Page Esq. (Attorney City Railway Company). . Practice [ Ordinances B. Frank Emerich Esq. (Attorney Chicago Board Health) . . Suits Municipal Corporations Frank Hamlin Esq. ( Assistant Corporation Counsel). . Probate Court Practice Lessing Rosenthal Esq. . Practice Masters Chancery William F. Wiemers Esq. (Master Chancery Circuit Court). . Acquisition Clientage Management Clients Thomas Dent Esq. ( Dent & Whitman). Brief Argument Supreme Court Merritt Starr Esq. Selection Management 'Jury W. J. Hynes Esq. Two "Organization Corporations " Frank . Lowden Esq. " Public Records Clerks' Duties " W M. Cook Esq. (Assistant Corporation Counsel) . II. THE LAWYER'S METHODS OF ADVERTISING.' BY MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE ESQ. OF THE CHICAGO BAR. / . Faculty . . . Members . . . . Men . Failure . . Paris France London . One . . Clergymen ' An Legal Tactics . BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . And President . . Obtrusive Senegambian . Trusts . Social . Banks . Advertising Worcester " " . . ? ? ? . During . Being . P . He . Some . ? How ? ? . He . He . . ? . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . There . . English Law List Alexander & Green Evarts Choate & Beaman Parsons Shepard & Ogden New York . Scottish Law List . Irish Law List. Canadian . Kimes' International Law Directory London Cape Town Kimberley Pietermaritzburg Moscow. B. D. Milonopulu Corfu Greece English Simeon Petases Avoca J Arabic Philip Morton Middle Temple Lahore Punjab District India Persian Urdu. . . Chicago . How Portland Oregon Bangkok Siam Wagga Wagga New South Wales ? . . . ' ' . Omar Khayyam ' ?" And ' ? . Chicago BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . . . . Some . A > . Pius IX. " ." There New York "We ." A Salt Lake City Hubbell' Legal Directory "vV · . Our ' .' We ." Wisconsin '' . . . J. B. French Justice Peace Attorney Law. P. S. . T . Time ." A Texas "Office ." And Arkansas "Thomas J Johnson Republican Goddess Liberty Abraham Lincoln Charles Sumner Church Fred Douglas John A. Logan Clayton Powell Republican " Mr. Johnson . An Ohio " Claims . " Chicago "Depositions Mary Doe " Mary . A Metropolis Illinois "Remember Maine. " A Atlanta Georgia " DID IT EVER OCCUR TO YOU Every Man Woman Stand Need Of Some Assistance Way Legal Advice Service? Have Any Interest Any Estate Administrator Executor Guardian Trustee Heir Legatee Ward Creditor IO NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Or Any Lost Relative Missing Heir To Find Note Our Account Collection Or Settlement. Any Land Claim Recovery Or Partition Any Past Due Mortgages To Be Foreclosed Any Sort Liens Judgments Or Attachments Or Any Affidavits Or De To Be Taken Or Wish To Obtain Any Charter Corporation Or Patent Or Pension Or Trade Mark Or Are Defendant Any Suit Court And Desire To Have A Representative Or Attorney To Look After Your Interest Or Recover Send Or Bring Your Claims With Correct Names And Full Particulars Prompt Attention Do Not Wait. Delays Are Dangerous. Be Brief. State Your Business Pointedly. Am Very Busy Attending To People' Business. D ¥S F ! kF! · Call Office And Confer Personally Or Write A Concise Business Letter Enclose Stamp Reply And Address" While Dayton Ohio "TUESDAY AND THURSDAY QUESTION COUPON ? . ' . IO . L. D. HELLER Attorney Law Canby Bldg. Dayton Ohio." "AWAY WITH RATS. Send J . L. S. Attorney Law Spartanburg S. C. . No ." "Compliments . ..... . . . . JAMES KNOX SMITH Lawyer Jail Robber. Practice Courts Virginia West Virginia. Keystone McDowell County West Virginia. . My 'Quick Collections Upon Claims Prompt Remittance Made Cold Blood.' Bible . Therefore Brethren . Pioneer Martinsburg W. Va. Smith 'James Knox Smith National Jail Robber . He Southwest. West Virginia Smith. He . His . He . . Strong . He Virginian .' " BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. Iowa "M. E. PENQUITE LAWYER Collins Iowa. FARM LOANS AT ½ PER CENT. Also TOMBSTONES MONUMENTS. See ." While Cleveland Heaven "Free" "DIVORCES. DO NOT APPLY FOR A DIVORCE TIME TROUBLE MONEY. Consult ANY inestin . . Divorce . CONSULTATION FREE CONFIDENTIAL. Union Relief Co. r American Trust Building. Cleveland . References." General Hancock " . " . Of . . . Next . Havana . . ' . Or ? Mr. Eminent Counsel Patagonia Reports . There . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . He . " Jones " "Mr. Jones ." With There atton . . . . . knoW . Some . . He ' . Of . . BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. About . . . There . . All ' . ' . Every . . . Chicago . . One Methodist Methodist . Presbyterian John Calvin. A Episcopalian . Still Baptist . No . Whether . We NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . They . . And . There . Dr. Dowie . One . There . They ' . They . They . . . Fifty Mr. Webster. Later W . Matt Carpenter Wisconsin . Boy BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . . Like Boston . There . They n . Take . Sooner . There . His . . Some . . . "Qualities Succeed " "From Ploughboy Ermine " . There . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . . . There . . . . Mr. Walter S. Carter New York "Ways Win " Columbia Phi Delta Phi . Mr. Carter Mr. Charles B. Farwell r (Mr. Carter) Milwaukee Chicago "We ' Carter . " Mr. Carter' . "How ?" . " Locate . R ." New York Manhattan Brooklyn New Jersey. One . His . Mr. Choate ( ) . He . He . He " . To the sueBULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. ' ." ' . . . There " " . And Waldorf Astoria . . Their . They . . From · . . They . . These . They . . . . . They . He NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Chautauqua Assemblies. God . ! ' III. THE COLLECTION OF DEBTS.* BY CARL RAY LATHAM ESQ. OF THE CHICAGO BAR. . . Many " " . . To . . Nearly . ' . . After ' . $ ( State) . . Even . . Clients . ( * An Legal Tactics . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ) . Within . And . . . There . . . . . . There . Much . Careful ' . . . ' . ' . A . BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. $ . . Many . . . . After . . $ Sr . $ . . Now ' $ . . True . . . A . . There . Ordinarily . . A . Nothing ( ) . Some . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ' . ( ) . There <). . . . Whenever . Naming . . Turning . . There . Eliminate . Not ' . . . . While . Always . . Never . There . . . While BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . . Negotiations . Be . Remember . Right . He . . Chicago $ $ . . . He . ' . He . ' . He . . . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. [ Dun' Bradstreet' . . ' . Chattel . A . . Some "Leader " State Street Demberg Glick & Homer. On . . ( ) . Demberg Glick & Homer Chicago . Notes . Since Federal . Under NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Moreover . . No . Debtors . Although . Judgment . Indorsements . . . Refrain . After . . . . Still . Before . . . Attachment BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. . . . Clients . . Clients . . . State Ostrander . Scott Ill. . Ostrander Scott . !Scott $ $ Ostrander. $ . Under Ostrander Scott $ " ." Scott $ . Ostrander Scott . Scott Ostrander . He Appellate Court Supreme Court . . . . Time . A . . A . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ( ) . With . . . . . https://plrccollections.org/files/original/69eab2e1bdab9ffea1dc89ec40004727.pdf 5469b43ce49e27478e5e0e77d3b606ce PDF Text Text SERIES II NUMBER :z AUGUST, 1903 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 185g OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED Q!J AR TERL Y BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J. James, A. M., Ph . 0., President N0rthwestern University consists of eight departments or schools. Four of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center of the City of Chicago. The other four lColleie of Liberal Arts, Theolon, Music, and the Academy, are situated in Evanston, the most beautilul suburb of Chicae-0 1 imme~ diately adjoining the city on the north. The Colle1:e Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michiun about three 'miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leading to Bachelor's degree in Lan~ages and Literature ( English,. French,iGerman, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew): Mathematics ( college and advanced); Science (Astronomy, Botany, Zoolol:Y, Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geology); History (ancient, medireval, and modern); Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Socioloiy, and other subjects appropriate to a modern college. Numerous 1:raduate courses are also offered leadini to the de1:ree of A. M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph. D. Special advantages are offered to the 1:raduates of this colle1:e in the professional schools of the University. For further information, address College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, lllinois. II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course lending to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The hospital and clinical facilities are especially good. This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, the adoption of longer annual courses, and the graded curriculum. It ranks fourth in attendance amon2: University Medical Schools in the United States. For further information, address Northwestern University Medical School, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago. III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the deiree of Bachelor of Laws, Special facilities are provided for a thorough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the L'B.w. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of the student, including over eleven thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago Law Institute Library provides an additional collection of over forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to giving them that knowledge of Law which will be indispensable to them wherever they may practice. For further information, address Northwestern University Law School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The course includes instruction in General Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assayinr, BacteriolOl?Y, and Sanitary Analysis. It ranks first in attendance among University Schools of Pharmacy in this country. For further information, address Northwestern University School of Pharmacy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. �ASSEMBLY ROOM �I\ Ii MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPHS. �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. 2 , SERIES II. VIEWS OF NORTHWESTERN AUGUST, UNIVERSITY BUILDING OF LIBRARY, VIEWS OF THE AND OF MEMORIAL ROOSEVELT AND AND Front£spiece MR. AUTOJUSTICE Tailpt"ece- GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAW AND JURIS- Paee- PRUDEN CE, II. ROOM PRESIDENT Ho urns, I. • ASSEMBLY GRAPHS OF 1903. 5, • OPENING OF THE LIBRARY TO MEMBERS OF THE BAR , III. UNVEILING OF THE MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPH ROOSEVELT ON APRIL IV. COMMENCEMENT V. BIOGRAPHI CAL OF PRESIDENT 8, . EXER CISES FERRED ON JUNE IO• AND rr LIST OF DEGREES CON - 18,. SKETCHES 13 OF ALUMNI RECENTLY ELECTED TO THE BEN CH IN ILLINOIS, VI. ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL BANQUET OF ALUMNI ASSOCIA- 13 TION ON OCTOBER l, 1903, VII. ANNOUNCEMENT OF LEGAL TACTICS Co URSE FOR 1903-4, VIII. THE FORECLOSURE OF MORTGAGES: LEGAL TA CTICS COURSE, BY AN W. W. ADDRESS IN 19 THE CASE, ESQ., Entered at the Postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, as second-class mail matter- 2r ��I-THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAWS AND JURISPRUDENCE. By two recent gifts of money, one in February a.n d the other in June, Hon. Elbert H. Gary, '67, formerly of Chicago, and now of New York, has generously enabled the School to acquire a complete collection of the laws and jurisprudence of all the countries of Continental Europe-a collection unequaled in any other American library. The major portion of the collection has already arrived; another part is purchased and on its way; and the remainder has been ordered, but will not arrive until October or November, owing to the difficulties inherent in obtaining the materials from such countries as Russia, Servia, Hungary, and Turkey. The countries represented in the collection are as follows: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Luxembo urg, Monaco, Montenegro, Norway, Portugal, Roumania, Russia, Servia, Spain, Sweden, Sw'itzerland, Turkey-twenty-two in all. In the Austrian will be included the separate laws of Bohemia, Bosnia, Croatia, Herzegovina, Slavonia, and other principalities. Under .the Ru ssian collection will be included the separate laws of Finland, Esthland, Kurland, Livland, and Poland. Under the Swi ss collection will be included the separate codes of the individual cantons. The Turkish collection will include the general and special legislation of the Ottoman Empire as a whole and for its European lands, together with such treatises as exhibit the main features of the Mussulman law ; but the vast body of Mussulman jurisprudence, applying as it does ·to num erous countries of Mohammedan population, from India to Morocco, is rather Oriental than European in its bearings, and has therefore fallen without the limits of this collection. The contents of the collection for each country will include the following six elements: 1. The Codes, or systematic legislation, in the original language; 2. The same, in translations in French or German; 3. The reports of decisions of the Supreme Courts of justice; 4. One or more leading law journals; 5. One or more treatises systematically expounding the whole body of the contemporary law and specific important topics of the law; 6. One or more treatises upon the history of the law. The collection will also contain, as appurtenant to its main purposes, though not involved in the body of law for individual countries, the following materials: 7. All the extant texts of the Roman law, together with a few leading modern commentaries; 8. The 5 �6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. texts of the mediaeval Canon law, with a few leading modern commentaries; 9. The leading journals and collections of Comparative Legislation; and 10. The leading journals of International Law and the chief collections of treaties. It need hardly be said that no collection having such an extensive scope could pretend to be complete in the literal sense of the word. Such a completeness would not be feasible, because even within these countries themselves a complete collection sometimes does not exist, and because, even where it does, nothing less than the bodily transportation of a royal or imperial library would suffice to attain the end. Nor would such a completeness at present be worth while, because relatively so large a proportion of useless material would be included. But a practical completeness is both possible and desirable, and is intended according to the lines above mentioned. The six main elements of the collection for each country will make the collection as serviceably complete as can be desired for the purposes of the library. Under the first three heads-legislation and decisions-it is expected to obtain all the materials available. Under the fourth head-law journals-it does not appear necessary to obtain more than the leading periodicals containing the contributions of the important thinkers of the profession. This, to be sure, means a varying number of journals in different countries-a dozen or more in Germany, for example, four or five in France, one or two more in each of the other countries. Under the fifth headleading treatises and commentaries-the selection will be kept within narrow limits. From Germany and France-the most fertil e sources of modern legal thought, and those whose languages are commonly the only foreign ones available to the American lawyer -two or three hundred volumes will be selected; but from the other countries the number will not exceed ten or twenty each, including the chief encyclopedias or systematic commentaries and special treatises on inheritance and other topics of practical consequences to foreign-born residents of the United States. Under the sixth head-historical treatises-will be included all the chief modern investigations in France and Germany, as important to the history of Anglo-American law; together with one or two leading treatises ( there are seldom more in print) for each of the other countries. This collection will be unique among the libraries of our country. Much of its material will be for the first time available in the United States; other parts, for the first time in th e West. The library of the Law School of Harvard University (the only other one as yet equipped with continental codes and decisions) now contains the reports of decisions of Austria, Belgi!lm, France, Ger- �THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 many, Holland, Italy and Spain, together with the leading law journals of Austria, France, Germany, Holland and Italy; and its collection of German and French treatises is larger than the selection deemed necessary for the library of this School. But the acquisition of the systematic legislation and jurisprudence of the remaining continental countries seems not to have been attempted hitherto in any library in this country. For the West, moreover, in tlie departments of international law and comparative legislation, the Gary collection has a special significance, because it makes available here for the first time certain important journals and collections of documents, and notably increases the opportunities for studying international law in many of its relations most material to this country. In truth, the underlying aim, in acquiring the Gary collection, is to establish in the West a new center for scholarship and research in the subjects covered by it, and to make available here those materials which have hitherto been accessible only in the East or in Europe. With the co-operation of other libraries, it ought to be possible ultimately to provide in Chicago such an equipment, covering the legislation, jurisprudence, and customary law of the entire world, as would render unnecessary a resort to other centers for the materials of legal learning and practice. As soon as the Gary collection is completely installed, a catalogue will be compiled and printed for distribution to those who are interested. But this can hardly be before the end of the present calendar year. In the meantime, the following list of leading French and German legal periodicals already received (full sets of which are represented) will serve to suggest the scope of the contents of the collection at large: Archiv fiir civilistische Praxis. Annalen des deutschen Reichs. Archiv fiir oeffentliches Recht. Archiv fiir biirgerliches Recht. Gerichtssaal. J ahrbuch der internationalen V ereinigung fiir vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft. Jahrbuch fiir Dogmatik (Gerber u. Ihering). Deutsche J uristenzeitung. Seuffert's Archiv. Striethorst's Archiv fiir Rechtsfalle. Kritische Vierteljahrschrift fiir Gesetzgebung. Zeitschrift fiir Rechtsgeschichte. Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung fiir Rechtsgeschichte. Zeitschrift fiir internationales Privat-und Strafrecht. Zeitschrift fiir privat-und oeffentliches Recht. �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Zeitschrift fiir franzi:isisches Civilrecht. Zeitschrift fiir Handelsrecht. Zeitschrift fiir vergleichende Rechtswissenschaft. Zeitschrift fiir Civilrecht und Prozess. Revue critique de legislation et de jurisprudence. Nouvelle revue historique de droit fran<;ais et etranger. Revue historique du droit fran<;ais et etranger. Revue generale de droit international public. Revue de legislation ancienne et moderne fran<;ais et etrangere. Bulletin de la societe de legislation comparee. It may be asked, What are the specific uses to which such a collection of foreign law can be put? Certainly, three at least. In the first place, the pres~nce of such a library is a constant reminder of the cosmopolitanism of legal problems and an incentive to broader legal thinking. Quite apart from the · needs of a general course of legal instruction in comparative legislation or legal history (for which perhaps the profession in this country is yet hardly ready), there is always something to be gained by a compa rative view. Whether it concern the formation of contracts by correspondence, or the parol evidence rule, or the liability of employers for injuries to workmen, or the nature of limited partnerships,-in these and countless other departments, scarcely any legal problem appears as a native and exclusive one of our own. New solutions approved and old ones found wanting are chronicled for our advantage in the records of other systems of law. The time is coming when we shall wish and shall need to compare them. The opportunity to do so will create the inclination and the demand. This library will make it possible to satisfy such needs. In the second place, the history of our own Anglo-American Jaw, directly rooted as it is in the history of the Teutonic peoples, requires for its investigators an acquaintance with the early legal ideas of Germany, France, and Scandinavia. The work of Brunner, Heusler, Stobbe, v. Amira, and Esmein, forms the preface to the work of Ames, Maitland, Pollock, and Thayer. A complete library of American law must include the history of French, German and Scandinavian law. This is essential if a sound legal scholarship is to be built up in the West. In the third place, and in one aspect most important of all, the daily practice of the law is profitably served by this collection. The varied immigrant population of this country, especially in the Central West and the Northwest, has created a need for it. In the city of Chicago alone, the foreign-born population reaches these figures: Bohemians, 36,000; Dutch, 19,000 ; Poles, 60,000; Danes, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 9 10,000; Hungarians, 5,000; Germans, 170,000; Italians, 16,000; Russians, 2"5,000; Norwegians, 22,000; Swedes, 49,000; others not British, 40,000. Among this large population of foreign birth (and those of foreign parentage will increase these figures) many individuals from time to time become affected by legal questions of inheritance, of marriage, of commercial paper, of military service, and , of other sorts, in which the tenor of the law of a foreign country is material or decisive. Hitherto, in such cases, either the investigation of that law has been foregone, as too tedious or too expensive, or a few casual sources have been summatily made to suffice, or the whole matter has been placed in the hands of a continental lawyer. It will now be possible to ascertain adequately here at home the foreign law; and thus either a resort abroad will become wholly unnecessary, or the foreign attorney's services will be needed only for proceedings taken abroad. In any event, much time and expense may be saved, and a more intelligent handling of the case will be possible. The probabilities of the Library's practical usefulness in this direction have come markedly to the surface, since the first announcement of its acquisition, and appear now to be much greater than was originally expected. In the selection of materials and the planning of the Library's uses, the School has sought advice from the consuls and other skilled persons here who are in touch with this particular need. The School is prepared to place the Library at the service of those of the profession who thus would utilize it, without other than a nominal charge to cover the expense of making known its resources. The plan, as at present formed, is to permit the use of the Gary Collection to any member of the bar in Chicago upon only this nominal charge; and, for the benefit of practitioners in other parts of the country, to appoint a staff of local practitioners, one for each foreign country, skilled in the respective languages, and to commit to them for investigation any case stated which may be sent to the School, charging for this a small minimum fee and handing it to the particular local practitioner who makes the investigation and supplies the opinion. No doubt a considerable service can by this means be rendered to the profession, as well as to the entire community in the West and Northwest. It is proper here to add that, for the purpose of securing additions to the department of International Law, gifts of substantial sums were also made by Mr. Wm. Alden Fuller, of the Board of Trustees, and Professor Charles Cheney Hyde. For the same purpose, Mr. Julius Rosenthal, of the Chicago bar, has presented to the library a complete set of the Annuaire de l' Institiit de droit international. �II-OPENING OF THE LIBRARY TO MEMBERS OF THE BAR. With a view to increasing the opportunities of legal study and reference for the younger members of the bar whose libraries are limited, especially the alumni of the School, the following circular letter has recently been sent to all members of the Chicago bar: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING CHICAGO, ILL., June 15, 1903. To tlie Jl1~mbers o/ tlte Bar of tke City o/ Cllicago; Believing that there is a demand for an additional law library, not in any sense to compete with the library of the Law Institute or that of the Bar Association, but to provide material not included in either of the above libraries, and to provide facili· ties for young attorneys not owning their own libraries nor having an amount of practice that will warrant the purchase of a membership in the Chicago Law Institute. the trustees of Northwestern University and the faculty of the Law School beg to extend the privileges of the Law School Library to the members of the bar of this city. The library is located in the quarters of the school, third floor, Northwestern University Building, two blocks distant from the court house. In convenience for study and research it is unexcelled. The room is divided into large, clean, quiet, \Yell ventilated and we ll lighted alcoves, each alcove containing a table and comfortable chairs. The library is being gradually increased, and at present comprises the United States Reports, a ll of the State Reports to the Reporter System, the complete National Reporter System, the Lawyers'Reports Annotated, all of the Illinois Reports, statutes of all the States in the Un ion, and a large collection of die-ests, encyclopedias and text books. Of the English Reports it possesses the complete Law Reports since 1865, most of the remaining reports between 1790 and 1865, and the Full Reprint of the earlier Reports as far as issued. The Gary Collection of Treatises, Reports and Statutes of the Continental Law is now being installed and will be completed during the summer. This collection includes the jurisprudence of Germany, France, Austria, Spain, Switzerland, Holland, Italy and Belgium, to which that of other European countries will shortly be added, and it will not be equaled by any other collection in the United States. As a source of investigation for International Law and Continental Law it will provide facilities hitherto wholly unavailable west of the Atlantic Coast. A yearly fee of $2.00 will be charged members of the bar who are not graduates of this school, and a fee of Si.00 yearly will be charged graduates of the school. Books cannot be taken from the library. Those desiring to avail themselves of this offer may register and pay th e required fee at the office of the School. THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, It may be added that the School reserves the right, if by September too large a number of practitioners avail themselves of this privilege to admit of convenient use by the students, to increase the fee or otherwise to limit the number admitted to the privilege. 10 �III-UNVEILING OF THE MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPH OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. On April 8, in the Assembly Room of the School, occurred the unveiling of the glass tablet containing the autograph of President Roosevelt. A photograph of this tablet, as well as of that bearing the autograph of Mr. Ju stice Holmes, is published in this number of the QUARTERLY BULLETIN. The circumstances under which the autograph came to be inscribed were as follows: The opening of the new quarters of the School had been appointed for October 3. President Roosevelt and Mr. Justice Holmes had both been invited, in June last, to attend the opening ceremonies. Mr. Justice Holmes, believing that he would be unable to absent himself from the bench, had not accepted the invitation. President Roosevelt, who was at the time planning a tour of the West, had accepted; the University Committee of Invitation being Hon. H. S. Boutell, Trustee of the University, and Hon. George E . Foss and Hon. James B. Mann, graduates of the School. The President was within three days of Chicago, in the course of his tour, when a sudden development of illness obliged him to return to Washington, and the arrangements for October 3 were abandoned. The opening ceremonies were then fixed for October 21, and the invitation was renewed to Mr. Justice Holmes, who found that this date was compatible with his engagements, and accepted. His dedicatory address of October 21 was printed in the N ovember number of the QUARTERLY BULLETIN; and on the occasion of the ceremony he inscribed his name, with a diamond, on a glass tablet. Some time later, President Roosevelt resumed his plan of a Western tour, and a visit to the University became again a part of his arrangements; but on this occasion it was made to include only a visit to the Evanston departments of the University. The Law School, however, not desiring to Jose all association with a visit originally intended for its sole benefit and defeated only by mischance, appointed Hon. H. S. Boutell as a committee to request from the President his autograph on a glass tablet, to bear the date originally planned, and to be placed in the Assembly Room in company with that of Mr. Justice Holmes. The same diamond was sent to Mr. Boutell at Washington, and the request was acceded to by the President. The visit of the President to the University occurred on April 3; and on April 8, the two tablets having been infixed in the chim11 �12 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ney-piece of the Assembly Room, an informal gathering of students and faculty took place in that room at 9 P. M. (after the close of the contest for the Towle prize for public speaking). Mr. BouteII then recounted the circumstances of his interview with the President and attested the act of signing and the identity of the autograph. The tablets were then unveiled. The award of the Towle prize ( to Mr. Strickland, '05) was then announced; and Mr. McKinney, '03, on behalf of the Northwestern Chapter of the Delta Chi legal fraternity, presented to the School, for the Assembly Room, a handsome Dutch clock, bearing on a brass plate the following inscription: "Presented to the Law School of Northwestern University by Northwestern Chapter of Delta Chi, April the eighth, nineteen hundred and three." The gathering then resolved itself into a sociable smoker. A photograph of the memorial autographs is published in this number of the QUARTERLY BULLETIN. • �IV-COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AND LIST OF DEGREES CONFERRED ON JUNE 18. On Thursday evening, June 18, 1903, at 8 o'clock, was held the Forty-fifth Annual Commencement of the University, at the Chicago Auditorium. The Commencement Address was delivered by the Rev. Matt. S. Hughes, D. D. , of Kansas City. The ceremony of conferring degrees, by President Edmund J. James, assisted by the respective Deans and Secretaries, then followed. The total number of degrees conferred was 561, divided as follows: Bachelors of Arts, Philosophy, Science, and Letters, 99; Masters of Arts, Philosophy, and Science, 20; Doctors of Medicine, 126; Bachelors of Laws, 44; Pharmaceutical Chemists, 14; Graduates in Pharmacy, 77; Doctors of Dental Surgery, 177; Graduates in Music, 4. No honorary degr ees were conferred, these ceremonies being reserved for the annual assembly of Founders' Day on January 28. The names of those who received the degree of Bachelor of Laws are as follows: Block, Manfred Sickle, Platteville, Wis. Case, Charl es Center, Crafts, Harry Kent, Cherry Valley. Chicago. Crilly, Oliver Daniel, Chicago. Deering, Thomas Gardner, Dunbar, David Owen, Chicago. Center Point, Ia. Eberhardt, Alfar Maximilian, Eschbach, Jesse Ernest, Chicago. Warsaw, Ind. Ferren, Hosea V., Jr., Frank, Lee Julius, Carterville. Chicago. Guthman, Roy, Headen, Thomas Moulton, Youngstown, Ohio. Shelbyville. Kahn, Julius Maurice, Petersburg. Keating, James Williams, Keep, Albert, 2d, Kidder, Royce Annan, Chicago. Chicago. Sterling. B.I..., University of Wisconsin. A.B., University of Michigan. A.B., Harvard University. B.S., Cornell College; A.B., Columbia University. Ph.B ., Otterbein College. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., University of Illinois. A,B., Northwestern University. 13 �NORTHWESTERN 14 UNIVERSITY. Knapp, William Proctor, Chicago. Knowlton, Clarence Elliott, Kompel, Morris, Rochester, Minn. Chicago. Kropf, Victor Gustav; Richland, Kas. Lamar, Clyde Park, Lee, Curtis Gillmore, Matthews, Jacob Scott, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Mayer, Elias, Chicago. McKinney, Marion Hayes, Mergentheim, Morton Adolph, Chicago. Fort Wayne, Ind. Mills, Matthew, Chicago. Murphy, Edward James, ·McN ulta, Donald, Niles, John Addison, -Odell, Benjamin Franklin Jefferson, -O'Donnell, Thomas Vincent, Evanston. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Bloomington. :Peckham, John Judah, Geneva. Phillips, Paul B., Wheaton. Rose, Charles George, Rosenberg, Hyman, Rosenstone, Bertram Vv., Schafer, Frank Boeshair, .Shaw, Joseph Laurence, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. El Paso. Geneseo . :Swigert, Harry Amos, Thomasson, Nelson, Jr., Council Bluffs, Ia. Chicago. Thomsen-von Colditz, Sandor, Van Voorst, Fred, Welch, Robert Leslie, Chicago. Monticello, Ind. Des Moines, Ia. Ph.B., Iowa College, B.L., Northwestern University. A.B .. Washburn College. A.B ., University of Michigan. A.B., Harvard University. A.B .. A. M .. University of Chicago. A.B .. Yale University. LL.B .. Indiana University. A.B., Harvard University. A.B .. Wheaton College. A.M., University of Wisconsin. A.B., Princeton University. A. B., University of Chicago. Jesse Ernest Eschbach and Jacob Scott Matthews, in addition to the degree of Bachelor of Laws, received the degree of Master of Arts. Hyman Rosenberg was awarded the Callaghan prize of $50 for the highest scholarship during the three years' course. �V-BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ALUMNI ELECTED TO THE BENCH IN ILLINOIS AT THE ELECTION OF JUNE, 1903. JUDGE BENJAMIN R. BURROUGHS, one of the judges of the Third District of Illinois, was born in Charles County, Maryland, May 20, 1849. He received his academic training at Charlotte Hall School, Maryland; entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, and graduated with the class of 1876. He was admitted to the Bar upon graduation and immediately entered upon the active practice of law at Edwardsville, Illinois. In 1889 he was appointed to fill out the unexpired term of Judge Amos Watts of the Third Circuit of Illinois. He was elected for the full term in 1891, and re-elected in 1897; after which he was assigned by the Supreme Court as Justice of the Appellate Court, and was re-elected to the circuit bench again in June, 1903. JUDGE WILLIAM M. FARMER is a native of Fayette County, Illinois. He was born in 1853; entered McKendree College when eighteen years of age; spent three years in that school and then entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, and graduated in the class of 1876. He was admitted to the Bar on graduation, and immediately opened an office and engaged in active practice at Vandalia, Ill. In 1880 he was elected State's Attorney; in 1888 he was elected to the lower house of the General Assembly; and in 1890 to the State Senate. In 1897 he was elected 'judge of the Circuit Court of the Fourth Judicial District, and re-elected in 1903. Judge Farmer, at the last session of the Supreme Court was assigned to the Appellate bench for the Seventh District at Ottowa. GEORGE MILLS ROGERS was born in Glasgow, Kentucky, on April lo, 1854. Mr. Rogers has lived in Cook County since 1857. His primary education was in the public schools of Chicago. Later he attended Yale College and the University of Chicago, graduating from the latter in 1876. He studied law for a time in the office of Crawford & O'Connell, and then entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, graduating in 1878. He was immediately admitted to the Bar, and began the practice of law in partnership with Samuel P. McConnell. He has filled successively the offices of City Prosecuting Attor15 �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ney, Assistant City Attorney, and Assistant United States District Attorney. In 1889 he was appointed Master in Chancery of the Circuit Court, which office he still holds. Mr. Rogers was nominated for the position of judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County in 1903, and was elected; but the act of June, 1901, under which he was elected was subsequently tleclared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of Illinois. THOMAS M. HoYNE is a native of Galena, Illinois. He received his academic training in the old Chicago High School, graduating in 1862. For a few years he engaged in commercial pursuits, and then entered the Law School founded by his father, now Northwestern University School of Law, graduating therefrom in 1866. He was admitted to the Bar the same year, and immediately engaged in active practice of law. Mr. Hoyne was elected judge of the Circuit Court under the law of 1901, in June, 1903, but this law was subsequently declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Mr. Hoyne is now a member of the firm of Hoyne, O'Connor & Hoyne. JOSEPH A. O'DONNELL is a native of Ballina, County of Mayo, Ireland, and was born November 23, 1859. Mr. O'Donnell's family moved to Chicago in 1867. He received pis academic training at St. Patrick's Academy, the public schools, and Fricke's German School, and graduated from the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, in June, 1887. He was admitted to the Bar in the same year, and has been engaged in active practice in Chicago since that time. Mr. O'Donnell was elected to the Illinois Legislature in 1888, and twice afterwards re-elected. In 1902 he was nominated for judge of the Superior Court of Cook County under the act of 1901 of the Illinois Legislature increasing the number of judges in Cook County by six; but before the election this law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the State, and his name did not go on the ballot. He was again nominated for judge of the Circuit Court in 1903, and was elected, but the Supreme Court again held the act creating the office to which he was elected unconstitutional. Mr. O'Donnell is a member of the firm of O'Donnell & Coughlan. JUDGE FREDERICK A. SMITH was born in Norwood Park, Cook County, Illinois, February 11, 1844. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was a student at the old University of Chicago. He enlisted and served as a private during the last part of the war, and at its close re-entered the University of Chicago, and graduated in 1866. He then entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, and graduated in 1867. He was �THE LAW SCHOOL. 1'7 elected judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, June 1, 1903. JUDGE CHARLES B. GARNSEY was born at Lima, Livingston County, New York, in 1842. He received his academic training at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, located at Lima, New York. In May, 1859, he came to Will County, Illinois, and for a time engaged in business. He entered Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, and graduated in July, 1862. He immediately enlisted in the One Hundredth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, and served until the final discharge of his regiment in 1865. He was admitted to the Bar in August, 1865, and opened an office in Jofiet, where his residence and practice have since been continuous. In 1867 he was appointed Master in Chancery for Will County; in 1878 he was appointed Corporation Counsel for the City of Joliet; in 1882 he was elected County Judge of Will County and re-elected in 1886, both times without opposition. In 1903 he was nominated by petition, as an independent Republican, for the position of Circuit Judge for the Twelfth Judicial Circuit of this state and elected without opposition. JUDGE RICHARD w. CLIFFORD was born in Chicago in 1853 and was the first native of the city to be elected to the Cook County bench. He attended the University of St. Mary, and afterwards Chicago University, and graduated from Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, in 1874. In 1887 he was elected as judge of the Circuit Court of Cook County; reelected in 1891, and again in 1897, and in 1903. JUDGE HARRY HIGBEE was born in Pittsfield, Illinois, December 13, 1854. He graduated from Yale College in 1875; read law at his home in Pittsfield for a year; entered the Columbia School of Law and remained there for one year, and then entered the Union College of Law, now Northwestern University School of Law, graduating with the class of 1878. Judge Higbee commenced the practice of law in Pittsfield after graduation and has resided there since that time. In 1888 he was elected to the State Senate, and re-elected in 1892. In 1897 he was elected judge of the Circuit Court for the Eighth Circuit of this state, and was re-elected in June, 1903. In October, 1898, he was appointed one of the justices of the Appellate Court of the Second District, and was reappointed for the same court in June, 1900. In June, 1903, he was transferred from the Appellate Court of the Second District to the Appellate Court of the Fourth District, of which he is now a member. �VI-ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION ON OCTOBER 1, 1903. Owing to a combination of reasons, the officers of the Alumni Association voted to postpone the annual banquet of the Association from June 23 to October 1, 1903. At this meeting the annual election of officers will take place. The proposal will also be considered to fix the date of the banquet hereafter regularly in October instead of June. An interesting program is being prepared, and a large attendance is desired and expected. Alumni who intend to come-especially those living in other States and Territories and in Illinois outside of Chicago-are requested, upon perusing this announcement, to write immediately to the Secretary of the School, notifying him of their intention. The present officers of the Association are as follows : President, Frank Orren Lowden, '87. First Vice-President, M. Lester Coffeen, '71. Second Vice-President, Charles Clarence Linthicum, '82. Third Vice-President, Robert E. Pendarvis, '87. Fourth Vice-President, William P. Sidley, '91. Secretary, Charles H. Blatchford, '97, Ashland Block, Chicago. Treasurer, Otto Raymond Barnett, '88. Communications may be sent to Mr. Jerome J. Cermak, '02, 159 La Salle street, Chicago, who is acting temporarily as Secretary of the Association. 18 �VII-ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE LEGAL TACTICS COURSE FOR 1903-4. The course of addresses on Legal Tactics, given for the first time during the past year, proved highly successful, and will becontinued as a most useful feature of the School's work. Its plan is unique in the history of law school methods. The object is to preserve, for the benefit of young practitioners, those results of experience which will best save him from the mistakes of his predecessors and enable him to profit by their practical knowledge. The material for these addresses is not the rules and principles asrecorded in reports and statutes, but the practical use of those rules, as affected by common sense, human nature, and other important considerations lying mainly in experience-in short, the tactics as distinguished from the rules. Such addresses, from men of strict professional standards and special experience in a particular subject, are invaluable to the aspiring generation. The attendance at this course has come mainly from young practitioners of one to·, five years' standing; a few of longer standing have attended, and a few of the third year students in the School. The number presenthas ranged from thirty to eighty, varying according to the intere_st of the particular topic. The course will be given on Monday evenings at 8, from Octo- · her to April, each address beginning at 8 o'clock, and usually occu-· pying about an hour. Each one will be announced, with the nan1e· of the topic and the speaker, for one week beforehand in the Chicago Daily Law Bulletin, at the head of the court-call calendar. The order of topics, the dates of each, and the names of the speakers, have not been finally settled upon; a schedule will be printed in September. There will be twenty addresses, and the· topics will be chosen from the following list,-some of which are new, and some identical with those of last year but dealt with by· different lecturers: 6. Examination of Witnesses .. 1. Selection and Management 7. Banking and Trust Comof a Jury. pany Practice. 2. Railroad Litigation. 8. Abstracts of Title and Con3. Life and Benefit Insurance. veyancing Practice. 4. Organizing and Advising a 9. Land Condemnation PracCorporation. tice. 5. Insolvent and Bankrupt Estates. 19 �20 10. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Law Office Work and Deal20. Practice Before Masters in Chancery. ings with Clients. 11. Ways and Manners of 21. Acquisition and Retention of a Clientage. Judges. 12. Preparation of a Case for 22. Building Contracts and MeTrial. chanics' Liens. 13. Marine Practice. 23. Debt Collections. 14. Bankruptcy Practice. 24. Fire Insurance. 15. Brief and Argument Before 25. Probate Practice. the Supreme Court. 26. Criminal Practice. 16. Methods of Keeping and 27. Appellate Court Practice. Using Public Records. 28. Special Assessments. 17. Justice Court Practice. 29. Mortgage Foreclosures. 30. Federal Practice. 18. Personal Injury Practice. 19. Practice Under Municipal 31. Landlord and Tenant. Ordinances. 32. General Taxation. The address on Mortgage Foreclosures, given in the past year's series, will serve to show the value and importance of the course. As a type of what such an address can be at its best, the speaker's revised text is printed in this number of the BULLETIN, at p. 21. �VIII-THE FORECLOSURE OF MORTGAGES. An Address Delivered in the Legal Tactics Course, January 1902, by W. W. Case, Esq., of the Chicago Bar. 12, "When your Dean asked me to lecture before you on the subject of the foreclosure of mortgages from the point of view of experience and tactics, I was at first disposed to look upon the invitation as a doubtful honor. The foreclosure of mortgages is by no means the most ambitious branch of legal practice. The lawyer who makes it his special business is in truth the scavenger of the profession. However, as some vessels are appointed to honor and some to dishonor, I have concluded that even the foreclosure of mortgages, if worth doing at all, is worth doing well, and as I have at times had a good many mortgages to foreclose, I am glad to give you the benefit of my experience. As I understand this course of lectures, the object is not to instruct you in legal principles, which can be learned from books, but rather in those points of routine which the legal text writers consider beneath their notice, and which can ordinarily be picked up only in actual practice. "Many lawyers seem to think the foreclosure of mortgages good practice for the office boy. When a mortgagor has made defaun, there is nine times out of ten no serious contest. If the defendants employ a lawyer at all he is very apt to be a cheap man retained merely to delay the proceedings as long as possible. You seldom come in contact with the great luminaries of the bar. During the progress of the suit there is little of that opposition which provokes a lawyer to do his best work, and the case is apt to be turned over to a junior clerk who proceeds with no great difficulty to carry the suit to a conclusion. It often occurs that after the litigation is ended th e complainant' s attorney discovers for the first time the identity of his real adversary. "The most important point to bear in mind in the foreclosure of mortgages is that when the litigation is over, the property sold, a deed recorded purporting to convey title to the purchaser, and the abstract of title brought down to show the proceedings and the deed, the record of title must be one which will withstand the scrntiny of lawy ers expert in the e:rnmination of abstracts. Everything may have gone forward with a semblance of perfect prosperity to an apparently triumphant conclusion. The absence of opposition has begotten a fals e security, but all the while your silent adversary was some quiet little lawyer waiting in a real estate 2l �22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. office for the abstract of title to examine after the foreclosure is finished. If he finds a flaw in the proceedings, the work may have to be done over again, or a considerable amount of money expended in clearing away objections to the title which ought to have been settled in tfie foreclosure suit. Accordingly, it is incumbent upon the lawyer foreclosing a mortgage to assume the character of his own adversary and keep always in mind the question how the proceedings will appear in the abstract of title. To do this successfully one needs practical experience in the examination of titles, and until he has acquired this he cannot be trusted to foreclose mortgages safely. "1. Nature of the Mortgage Estate. The estate created by a mortgage under Illinois law is somewhat anomalous. As at common law, the legal title is in the mortgagee, but it is a legal title of a peculiar character. In the first place, it is a base or determinable fee, which comes to an end absolutely as soon as the debt secured by it is paid or barred by limitation. The mortgagor's legal estate is then as if the mortgage had never been. Again, althoug)1 the legal title is in the mortgagee, nobody except the mortgagee is allowed to say so. After default the mortgagee may sue the mortgagor in ejectment and his legal title will prevail, but if the mortgagor brings ejectment against a trespasser the defendant cannot say that the legal title is outstanding in the mortgagee. This is true notwithstanding the rule that the plaintiff in ejectment must recover on the strength of his own title and not on the weakness of the defendant's title. Generally speaking, the defendant in an ejectment suit, even though he has no title himself, can defend successfully by showing that the plaintiff does not hold the legal title; but if the defendant attempts to show that the legal title is in the mortgagee he will be told that it is none of his business. This is explained by saying that as between mortgagor and mortgagee the latter has the legal title, but that the mortgagor has the legal title as against the rest of the world. Then, again, although the legal title is in the mortgagee, he cannot maintain ejectment upon it until the condition of the mortgage is broken, that is to say until default has been made in paying the debt or an instalment thereof, or in performing some other condition expressed in the instrument. This peculiar doctrine is due to exceptions that have been grafted by our Supreme Court on the common law rule that the legal title must always prevail in ejectment, and that if the defendant has an equitable defence he must resort to equity for an injunction against the prosecution of the suit. At an early day our Courts decided that a person who has contracted to buy real estate and has been put in possession under the contract can defend an action of ej ectment �THE LAW SCHOOL. 23 although the vendor has the legal title. At common law his only remedy would have been by a bill in equity to enjoin the action, but our Court has seen fit to allow some equitable defences to be interposed in the ejectment suit itself. This is an anomalous doctrine, and creates much uncertainty in the law. There is no way of determining just what equitable defences will be sustained and what will not. The right of a mortgagor to defend an ejectment suit brought by the mortgagee before default is a phase of this doctrine. "2. The Nature of Trust Deeds. Nine-tenths of the foreclosures in Chicago are of trust deeds rather than of mortgages strictly so-called. The only difference, however, is that a mortgage conveys the estate to the creditor himself while a trust deed conveys it to some one else for his benefit. A trust deed given to secure a debt is in legal effect a mortgage, and what I have to say about mortgages is equally applicable to such trust deeds. When I speak of a mortgagor I mean also the grantor in a trust deed of this character, and when I speak of a mortgagee I mean to include either the trustee in a trust deed or the holder of the notes secured thereby or both. "3. Different Methods of Foreclornre. The main subject of this address is the ordinary foreclosure in equity, where the property is sold by an officer of the court to the highest bidder, allowing the mortgagee a certain time for redemption from the sale. There are, however, various other methods of foreclosure recognized by law. "(1. ) There is the old method of scire facias, which was generally adopted in the early history of this state. This is in the nature of an execution sale based on the record of the mortgage. The remedy has become practically obsolete, although perhaps without sufficient reason. The bar in general is not familiar at thepresent day with foreclosure by scil-e facias, and there may still be cases· where it could be adopted with great advantage. A lawyer who has many mortgages to foreclose would do well to make a study of this subject. "(2.) Some thirty years ago a large majority of mortgages or trust deeds were foreclosed under powers of sale without auy resort to the courts. This method of foreclosure was abrogated by statute in 1878 and no mortgages or trust deeds made since that date can be foreclosed under powers of sale. This subject, there fore, is of interest only to the examiners of abstracts of title or to the student of legal history. "(3.) After default a mortgagee has a right to take possession and collect the rents and income of the property until the �24 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. mortgage debt is satisfied. He may take possession peaceably without process of law or may obtain possession through an ejectment suit. This method of foreclosure, however, as an independent remedy is not to be recommended, since the position of a mortgagee in possession is one of the least enviable that can be conceived. He is held strictly to account for hi s acts and doings, and the accounting is a difficult and precarious matter. An ejectment may be a good remedy to bring a negligent mortgagor to terms, or it may be useful as an adjunct to a foreclosure suit. " ( 4.) A strict for eclosure is a proceeding in equity to foreclose without the formalities of a public sale. The theory is that the mortgagee has the legal title and that in order to confirm his title he merely needs a decree cutting off the right of the mortgagor to redeem. This is done in an ordinary foreclosure suit by public sale, but if the mortgagor is insolvent and the mortgaged premises are worth less than the indebtedness the creditor may file a bill for strict foreclosure and obtain a decree cutting off the equity of redemption and making his own title absolute. He must, however, both allege and prove the insolvency of the mortgagor and the inadequacy of the security, and he is moreover obliged to take the property in full satisfaction of the debt. This remedy may sometimes be adopted to advantage, but is not very often resorted to. "(5.) There remains the ordinary foreclosure in equity, involving a public sale with a right reserved to the mortgagor to redeem within a twelvemonth thereafter and a further right reserved to judgment creditors to redeem within three months after the expiration of the first year. "4. Preliminary ·Considerations. When you have decided that a foreclosure is necessary, it is often advisable to file a short bill at once and an amended bill later. This is expedient only when some defensive tactics may be anticipated. If the mortgagors have abandoned hope of saving their property you can make all your preparations and file a complete bill in the first instance, but when the mortgagor is playing for time or endeavoring to put the creditor off and take any advantage that he can, it behooves you to be cautious in your dealings with him. If a foreclosure has been threatened and subsequent negotiations have taken place, you are very apt to be confronted with evidence of promises and representations that you never dreamed of making. A mortgagor always lives in hope of better times and thinks that he will be able to ·save or sell his property if allowed sufficient grace. His hopes are almost always illusory, and it is seldom that any indulgence extended to him will afford him any permanent relief from his embarrassments. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 25 When you finally decide to foreclose, however. he is pretty sure to nurse a grievance, and if he has the advice of ~ome sharp practitioner at the bar you will need to be cautious. If he is allowed to talk at all with you or your client, he is apt to maintain afterwards that a binding agreement has been made to extend the loan, or in case only an instalment of interest is due and not the principal, he may assert that he has tendered the interest. When you decide to foreclose, be sure that your client has made no pledges, and then proceed at once. "I was once defeated in a case which illustrates the impossibility of guarding against such testimony. The principal indebtedness had been declared due by reason of default in payment of an interest note. The mortgagor was informed that it had been declared due. He came to the trustee, at whose office the debt was payable, and expressed his hope of paying off the indebtedness. Finally he came in and said he wanted to pay the interest note. He was informed that he could do so, but that the principal would still remain due and must itself be paid. He did thereupon pay the interest note to the trustee, who cancelled the note and in his presence wrote on it a statement that payment was accepted without waiving the maturity of the principal, and the note with this annotation was then and there delivered to him. Upon his refusal to pay the principal an ejectment suit was brought. He testified in substance that he supposed the forfeiture was waived and the principal note reinstated according to its original terms. The court refused to admit in evidence the memorandum on the note because it did not appear that he had assented to it. The jury found a verdict for the defendant, as they always will in such cases, and the Supreme Court held that the question of waiver was one of fact upon which the verdict was final. "While I am on this subject I may remark that perjury is of two kinds. On rare occasions an interested witness will deliberately invent a story without any foundation whatever and tell it on the witness stand. Such instances occur, but they are infrequent. The other kind of perjury occurs when a witness who is greatly interested in establishing a point dwells upon it until he succeeds in half convincing himself that what he wishes to be true is true. He distorts and perverts the truth and knows at the bottom of his heart that he is not telling the truth at all, but he manages to justify himself to his own conscience in various degrees. This kind of perjury happens every day and is the chief cause of conflicts in testimony. "I remember one case in my own foreclosure practice of perjured testimony deliberately invented. I was foreclosing a trust �:26 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. deed for a large amount. The mortgagor, after executing the trust deed, had sold the equity to a speculator named Brown, who was trying to collect the rents as long as possible without paying any interest. Finally the holder of the principal indebtedness declared it due by reason of default in the payment of interest as the note and trust deed provided he might. A foreclosure suit was commenced and the case was referred to a master in chancery, whereupon Brown appeared as a witness in his own behalf and told the following story: He testified that before the foreclosure suit was started the creditor had sent to his office an agent, whom I will call Harry Wilson, to demand payment of a balance of $1,050 remaining due on the interest note. Wilson produced the note and presented it to him for payment, whereupon he opened a drawer and took out $1,050 which he happened to have on hand as the proceeds of a loan paid that day at his office. This cash he held out to Wilson, who refused to take it on the ground that there was some insurance premium that ought to be paid besides. Brown testified that this interview took place in the presence of another man named Higginson, who was also produced as a witness and corroborated Brown's story. The hearing before the master was postponed for a considerable period, during which, by one of those strokes of luck which seem almost providential, it was finally discovered that Harry Wilson, the man to whom the tender was said to have been made, was an old acquaintance of Higginson and that they had in previous years belonged to the same club. The matter was set down for further hearing before the master in chancery and Higginson was recalled to the stand for further cross-examination. He sat facing me with his back to the door. He repeated his story of the alleged tender of the cash to Harry Wilson, and was asked whether he had ever seen Wilson before. He replied that he never had to his knowledge. At that moment Wilson walked into the master's office behind Higginson and came up and stood beside him. Higginson looked up and said: 'Hello, Harry!' The subsequent details need not be followed, but both Higginson and Brown were indicted for perjury and Brown was sent to the penitentiary. Higginson was allowed to go after making a full confession. The story of the tender was made up out of whole cloth, and in order to show how Brown came to have so much cash on hand a spurious note was drawn up, due by its terms on the day when the tender was said to have been made, and the whole comedy of the tender was rehearsed twice in Brown's office. "These personal reminiscences may seem like a digression, but since I am on the subject of tenders, I will add that real tenders are rare. Spurious tenders are pretty common and you need to be on �THE LAW SCHOOL. 27 your guard against them. A question of tender usually arises when there is some dispute between the parties about the amount due. The mortgage debtor may owe $2,500 which he cannot pay, while the creditor may claim that he owes a further sum of $100 for expenses incurred under the mortgage. The debtor, while he cannot pay either $2,500 or $2,600, may be very anxious to make it appear that he offered to pay the smaller sum. Theoretically a tender has to be made in cash and without conditions, but this theory is complicated by the doctrine that the actual cash need not be produced when the creditor has already stated or shown by his conduct that the money would not be accepted. When a mortgagor does, however, undertake to make a tender he seldom does it unconditionally as the law requires. Nine tenders out of ten have strings to them. I remember a man coming to my office with his lawyer and saying he was ready to pay some mortgage notes which I held for collection. He claimed there was $1,500 due, and I claimed there was about $50 more, but I was not prepared to refuse the smaller sum if it was tendered to me. He took his cash and counting it out asked me if I had the note. I said I had. He then held the money out to me and said: 'I hereby tender you this $1,500.' 'All right,' I said, and reached out my hand for it, whereupon he drew it back in great haste. He wanted to know whether it was accepted in full and wanted various other assurances. I told him a tender must be unconditional, and that when a tender was made I would decide whether to accept it or not. He again held it out to me and I again attempted unsuccessfully to take it. This happened several times, until his lawyer concluded that th ey were not ready to make a tender after all. "In one instance within my knowledge the party making the tender did not come off so well. A ten thousand dollar loan fell due at the office of a trustee, who claimed some small additional sums on account of expense incurred by him under the trust deed. The mortgagor secured a lawyer, who went with him to the trustee's office and told the trustee he was going to tender the amount they admitted to be due. The trustee called his attention to the fact that the debt was payable in gold coin and advised them, if they intended to make a tender, to be sure they made a legal one. The lawyer intimated that he thought he knew what a tender was. He went out with his client and after about an hour came back with some bags of gold from which the ten thousand dollars was duly counted down on the counter. 'There is your ten thousand dollars,' said the lawyer. 'All right,' said the trustee, and opening a drawer under the counter swept the gold in and closed and locked the drawer, asking whether he should cancel the notes. The attor- �28 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ney looked on these proceedings with dismay and after a short interval threw up his hands and said to the trustee, who in fact was a personal acquaintance of his: 'Good God, Jim, don't do that! The clerk of the bank from whom I got this gold is outside. The bank only let us have it on my personal assurance that we would not want it for more than an hour at most.' The matter was settled by the trustee getting the extra items which he claimed. "The moral of these digressions, if they had any, would be that after it is decided to foreclose a mortgage or trust deed you had better complicate the situation as little as possible. "5. Declaring the Principal Due. In many cases default is made in the payment of interest notes before the principal is due, but mortgages and trust deeds now almost universally provide that upon default in the payment of interest the principal may be declared due at the option of the creditor. When you ar.e called upon to collect an interest note, therefore, you must consider whether you wish to declare the principal due or foreclose merely for the interest. Ordinarily, unless the security is ample, the principal should be declared due, in which case to avoid any possible question it is well to have the holder of the principal note sign a paper expressly declaring it due. Foreclosures for the overdue interest alone have become more common of late, and raise interesting questions which I have not the time to consider. "6. Parties. The most important point in foreclosing is to be sure that you get in all the necessary parties. Carelessriess in this respect is disastrous. You may have conducted a foreclosure to an apparently successful conclusion, and when it is all over and the abstract of title brought down it will be found that some one who would have a right to redeem from the sale has not been cut off and that consequently the title is not clear. This may necessitate doing the work all over again at a large expense. "In theory of law the only proper parties defendant to a foreclosure suit are the mortgagor and those claiming rights un der !.. arising after the mortgage attached to the premises. If, after mortgaging the land, he has conveyed it, the purchaser must of course be a party, and creditors who have recovered judgment against tht' owner of the equity after the mortgage lien attached must be made parties. As a practical proposition you can sometimes clear up defects antedating the mortgage. This is contrary to theory, because a foreclosure suit is in contemplation of law intended only to cut off the equity of redemption and liens attaching to it subsequent in date to the mortgage lien. The Courts have often said that a foreclosure suit cannot be used to litigate adverse titles or claims antedating the mortgage. Nevertheless, if you do make an �THE LAW SCHOOL. 29 adverse claimant a party, inserting the proper allegations in youi;. bill, and the adverse claimant either makes default or comes in and' tries to prove his title, a decree against him may cut off his rights. He may, if he chooses, come into the suit and plead that he is not a proper party and so have the suit dismissed as to him, but if he does not take this course he may be concluded by the decree. An abstract of title often shows some formal defects by reason of which certain parties might possibly claim an interest in the land, although in fact they have no real or substantial interest. Most lawyers, in foreclosing a mortgage, do not consider it necessary to examine 1.he title back of the moregage, but a careful practitioner will examine the entire abstract and note all defects in the title, so that if his client buys in the property at the sale and becomes the owner he can be informed just how good a title he has. If you have examined the abstract you may find some defects which can practically be cleared up in the way I have indicated, although they do not fall theoretically within the scope of a foreclosure suit. Even a tax title may sometimes be quieted in a foreclosure suit. "It is very often found in foreclosing a trust deed that there is a junior trust deed securing negotiable notes. It is necessary to make the trustee under such trust deed and the holders of the notes secured thereby parties to your foreclosure suit; otherwise they will still have the right to redeem. You can not always learn who owris these notes, and a common course is to make the holders parties by the name 'unknown owners,' as the statute provides may be done. They cannot be served with summons and are notified of the pendency of the suit by advertisement. This course is not altogether satisfactory, since parties who are served only by publication and have no actual notice may come in and upon good cause shown have the decree set aside long after it has been entered. You should if possible find out who actually owns the notes, make him a party by name and subpoena him to produce the notes before the master. They should be offered in evidence and marked as exhibits in the cause. "Aside from what the abstract of title shows, it is necessary to make a careful examination of the premises and ascertain who is in possession. All persons in actual possession of the premises or any part thereof must be made parties; otherwise you are in peril of finding that they have some interest in the land which does not appear of record. Some old woman occupying a single apartment in a large building tnay hold an unrecorded deed to the premises and if you do not make her a party her title will prevail, since actual possession is as good notice to the world of a man's rights as the recording of his deed. �30 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. "With reference to the settlement of parties, it is important to observe that all parties having an interest at the time the owners of the equity of redemption are served with process must be brought into the suit. You may have your abstract brought down and examined and then file your bill, and yet after the commencement of the suit the parties appearing from the abstract to own the land may convey it to some other person. If such conveyance is made before the apparent owners are served with summons or notified by publication the title of such purchaser will prevail over the title obtained in your foreclosure proceeding. As soon as a defendant is served with process he comes under the law of lis pendens and any conveyance made by him thereafter will be subject to the decree, but until he is so served with process this rule does not apply. Consequently it is necessary to start your suit and get service on the owners of the equity before you have your abstract brought down. In a foreclosure involving a large amount it may be desirable to have the abstract brought down before commencing suit and then have it continued after lis pendens is obtained. A usual method is to obtain from the abstract company what are called pencil minutes for a continuation of the abstract before the bill is drawn, and then have the abstract formally continued after process is served. This is tolerably satisfactory. Another way is to file a bill against such parties as you think own the equity an d after serving them have the abstract brought down to cover th e date of such service. Any new parties disclosed can be added by amendment. "7. Expenses. Before drafting the bill it should be ascertained what expenses, if any, your client has incurred which are secured by the terms of the trust deed. This is an important consideration. The object of a mortgage or trust deed is to indemnify th e holder against all expenses. He makes an investment perhaps of $5,000 at five per cent and he expects to receive that amo·unt net. He is certainly entitled to do so. It often happens, however, that in case of foreclosure a large amount of expense is necessary which he cannot get back. This is obviously unjust. The measure of his security depends largely upon the terms of the mortgage or trust deed which he holds. This is a point which the investor does not usually consider. If a loan is brought to you to foreclose, you are at the mercy of the parties who drafted the papers. If, however, you represent a mortgage bank and are likely to have many foreclosures coming from them, you are in a position to suggest or deteqnine the form of papers to be used. If it falls to your lot to draft a form of trust deed, you should give special attention to the provisions securing all expenses that may be incurred by the �THE LAW SCHOOL. 31 trustee or legal holder of the notes by reason of their being such. It often happens that they are made parties to some other litigation and are obliged to incur court costs and attorney fees to protect themselves. All of these expenses can be secured by the trust deed if it is properly drawn, and there should be an ample provision for solicitor's fees in case of foreclosure, so that if the holder is obliged to foreclose the fees he pays his lawyer may be made a lien on the ·property. If he has to bid in the property and take it in the end, this is not material, but if redemption is made he will only get back the amount that has been made a lien on the premises. It is well, also, before filing a bill, to see that the taxes are paid, and if not, to pay them, so that you can claim a lien for them in the bill. Expenses secured by the trust deed and incurred prior to the filing of the bill should be alleged therein, and the bill should also ask t~ have any expenses incurred during the progress of the suit included in the accounting. Otherwise it might be necessary to file a supplemental bill in order to have them allowed. "8. Drafting the Bill. After all these preliminaries are settled you are ready to draft the bill. There are printed skeleton forms for foreclosure bills, but it is safe to avoid them. Little need be said of the frame of the bill. The notes and trust deed or mortgage should be fully described and the ownership of the paper clearly alleged. If the principal has been declared due for default in interest that fact should be stated. The expenses should be set up and a claim made for solicitor's fees, and the provisions of the trust deed and notes should be alleged so far as pertinent, although if copies are attached as exhibits and made part of the bill they will supply any defects in this particular. Parties should be carefully named, and a receiver should be prayed for if receivership is desired. The bill need not be verified unless a receiver is asked for. "9. Insurance. When the bill is drafted and filed, the first thing to do is to revise the insurance policies if there are any. The matter of insurance is often too much neglected in foreclosure proceedings. The policy very probably may provide that it shall be void in case foreclosure proceedings are begun. As soon as your bill is filed your client is in that case without insurance. The policies should be sent to the insurance agents at once and a note made upon them accepting notice of the foreclosure proceedings. If such notice is accepted and the insurance companies do not object. they will waive their rights to declare the policy void because of the commencement of the proceedings. "10 Service of Process-The next step after filing the bill is to get the defendants into court. Do not leave these matters to clerks of court and sheriffs. Get blank forms of summons from the �32 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. clerk and make out the summons yourself, leaving only the signature and seal of court to be affixed. Then you will have it right. Otherwise you may not. After the summons is given to the sheriff to serve, with the address of the parties, you can attend to the publication of notice against non-resident defendants if any, but if there are only a few non-resident defendants it is often cheaper and always more satisfactory to have them served with a copy of the bill, as provided by the Chancery Act. If you have no correspondent in the place where the parties live, the sheriff of the county will transact the business satisfactorily. The statute provides in effect that service of a copy of the bill upon a non-resident defendant shall have the same effe::t as personal service of a summons. This is not strictly true, however, since you can take a personal deficiency decree against a party who is served with summons but not against a party served with a copy of the bill in another jurisdiction. Nothing but personal service will warrant a personal judgment. Any other construction of the statute would be contrary to the constitution of the United States. "11. Possession. As soon as your suit is under way the question of taking possession of the premises should be considered. Possession is desirable for various reasons. If there is any question about the sufficiency of the security it is important to seize the rents of the property as soon as possible, but even if not, possession is of great advantage. In the first place, when you come to take possession you find out whether there are any occupants claiming an interest in the property whom you have missed. They may hide until you come to put them out or make them pay rent but at that time they will show their hands. Then, again, if the owners of the property are in possession and find they are· going to lose it, they will not only neglect to repair it, but will sometimes tear it in pieces for kindling wood or even maliciously destroy it. There are good mortgagors, but a great many are bad. If you cannot take possession by agreement there are two ways by which you can get it; either through a receivership or through an ej ectment suit. "Whether you can get a receiver may depend largely upon the terms of your trust deed. If it does not provide for the appointment of a receiver, you will still be entitled to a receiver if you can show that the mortgagor is insolvent and that the premises are inadequate security, but both of these facts must combine. Inadequacy and insolvency should be alleged in the sworn bill and the Court will hear affidavits from both sides on these points. Nowadays, however, the great majority of mortgages and trust deeds provide that upon filing a bill the Court may or shall appoint a receiver, and this gives the Court power at least to appoint a receiver �THE LAW SCHOOL. 33 without any showing of insolvency or insufficient security. The Appellate Courts have said, indeed, that the judge is bound to appoint a receiver when the mortgage contains such a provision, but this is not strictly true. The Courts still have some discretion in the matter, and in fact the different judges in Cook County by no means agree in their application of the law. Some chancery judges will appoint a receiver on the ground that the parties have It is important, contracted for one, and other judges will not. therefore, if you want a receiver, to take care that your bill comes before the right judge. This can be lawfully regulated in Cook County by choosing between the Circuit and Superior Courts, and it can be unlawfully regulated in the particular court by seeing that the bill is filed at the right moment so that it will be assigned in its regular order to a particular judge. When I say ' unlawfully,' I do not mean illegally, but in a manner not recognized by law. "If you cannot get a receiver or think it doubtful policy to apply for one, you can bring an ejectment suit concurrently with the foreclosure suit. The mortgagee may pursue at the same time his various remedies by suing at law on the indebtedness and prosecuting an ejectment suit for possession and foreclosing in chancery. An ejectment suit on a mortgage or trust deed can in this county be placed on the short cause calendar and theoretically at least a speedy trial can be had. Ejectment suits of this character were almost unknown or at least very seldom prosecuted in this county until within the last few years and most of the judges on the bench were formerly surprised when a case of this kind was brought before them. The remedy in the minds of some judges savors of oppression, and the Courts were formerly averse to allowing it. I placed one ejectment suit on the short cause calendar and the judge declared that he would not hear it until after the foreclosure suit was decided. I began to prepare a petition for mandamus to compel him to try the suit, but on further investigation I concluded that as both suits were pending in the Circuit Court though assigned to different judges, the Court had some discretion about the order in which they should be heard. I therefore abandoned the proceeding, but determined in future to bring ejectments in the Superior Court when I had a foreclosure suit pending in the Circuit Court and vice versa. In that case I think a judge could be compelled by mandamus to hear an ejectment suit in its regular order. As the bar and the bench have become familiar with these ejectment suits the prejudice against them is subsiding, especially as the Supreme Court has recently in several cases decided explicitly that such suits can be maintained. "12. lssite and Reference. After filing the bill and attending �34 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. to insurance and possession, the next stage is to get it at issue. When the summons is returned into court, examine the returns of the sheriff with great care, as jurisdiction of the parties depends upon them. Be sure that the returns are all correct, and if not, have them amended, and if there is any doubt about the legality of service on any of the defendants sue out an alias summons. If the parties have been served by publication, examine the notice and certificates carefully, and then, when you are sure that all the parties are duly in court and those who appear have answered and replications have been filed, take the proper defaults and have the case referred to a master in chancery. Such a reference is usually necessary, although if some of the parties have appeared and those who have appeared are willing to agree upon a decree, the chancellor will usually enter such decree, thus avoiding the expense of a reference. "13. Proceedings Before the Master. When the case is before the master, the proofs must be submitted, including the production of the original papers and proofs of expenses incurred. If there are taxes overdue, they should be paid by this stage and proved up. If the trust deed mentions a stipulated sum for solicitor's fees, it may still be expedient to give some proof as to what would be a reasonable fee. Some chancellors are reluctant to allow a solicitor's fee without such proof, and if the trust deed merely provides for a reasonable fee, proof must be given by expert lawyers as to what is reasonable, and what is a usual and customary fee in the case. When the complainant's proofs . are in and a rule entered on defendants who have appeared to close their proofs and all the evidence is concluded, the master makes his report. If any objections are filed they must be disposed of by the master. Where there are such objections the master's report should be filed in court and a rule obtained on the objecting parties to file their exceptions, which are usually a repetition of the objections filed before the master, but in order to be heard, exceptions must be filed in court as well as objections before the master. The exceptions will be argued before the Court, and when they are all disposed of you are ready to draft the decree. Usually the master is asked to approve the decree in default cases, and when so approved the Court will in most cases enter it without examination. "14. The Decree. The drafting of a decree is perhaps the most important part of a foreclosure suit. There are forms to be had of the clerks of the court, which may be used as suggestions, but should not be followed without great caution. To show the importance of a decree, a few words are necessary in regard to its effect. A party in whose favor a decree is entered is bound to pre- �THE LAW SCHOOL. 35 serve the evidence on which it is based. This may be in the form of a master's report but if a decree in chancery is entered for the -payment of a sum of money or for other affirmative relief, and the record does not show the evidence on which it is based, the party against whom it is rendered can have it reversed. Under the decisions in this State, however, the evidence may be preserved in the decree itself and the recitals in the decree are sufficient evidence of the matters therein stated. It is of the utmost importance, therefore, to recite in the decree itself all the facts necessary to support it. The findings of the Court should be full and circumstantial. It is a careless way with many lawyers simply to rely on the master's report and to find that so much money is due, but the files of the court are often mislaid, occa·sionally stolen, and sometimes destroyed. The record books, however, in which decrees are entered are very unlikely to be destroyed or lost unless the court house is burned or swallowed up by an earthquake. The decree should be so drawn that if every other document connected with the suit was lost the title depending on that decree would be good. The findings of the decree may, moreover, remedy defects in the proceeding itself. The decree should particularly find that the court has jurisdiction of all the parties to the suit. This finding will prevail in a collateral proceeding even if untrue. The sheriff may, in fact, have served the wrong party or his return may be bad. The court may not, in fact, have jurisdiction of one of the defendants at all, for some reason which has escaped notice. Yet, if the decree finds that the court has jurisdiction of that person and a title is acquired by a stranger to the suit on the faith of the decree, the recital can never thereafter be contradicted. A purchaser who buys property relying, or being entitled to rely, on the jurisdictional recitals of a decree will be protected thereby. Here comes in the important distinction between direct and collateral attack. If the decree finds that a defendant has been served with process when he has not, he may come in and appeal from the decree or sue out a writ of error. This is a direct attack upon the decree, and if he successfully contradicts the finding of the court that he was served with process he may have the decree reversed. Even then, however, if there has been a sale under the decree before proceedings were taken to recover it, and a person not a party to the suit has bought the property, the purchaser's title will be perfectly good in spite of the reversal cf the decree upon which it is based. He was entitled to rely on the terms of the decree, and any attack upon it is as to I-iim collateral. This distinction is of the utmost importance in real estate matters. If your decree contains particular findings, any future purchaser is protected by it, no matter how erroneous those findings are. �36 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. "In view of the importance of the decree the greatest care should be exercised in drawing it. This is the time to review the entire proceeding and check 'Up all the descriptions and other details to see if any error has crept in unawares. I know of some careful practitioners who have decrees drafted by a lawyer who up to that time knows nothing of the proceedings. They think that errors may escape the most careful scrutiny, and that when a man has once overlooked a point, his mind moves in the same groove and he will overlook the same point again. Hence they deem it necessary to invoke the services of a fresh mind in drafting the decree, and in reviewing the whole proceedings at this stage. "15. The Sale. When the decree is entered it may be advisable to have the abstract of title brought down to show the entire foreclosure proceeding. This depends upon the amount involved, as it may not be desirable to pay for a continuation of the abstract if the amount is small. The decree directs a sale of the property, usually by a master in chancery, who will attend to advertising the property, but you should examine the advertisement yourself and see that it is right. The master will also furnish you with a statement of the exact amount that is necessary to bid at a sale in order to satisfy the decree, including his own charges and the costs. This should also be checked up, as the master is liable to make mistakes. Your client should decide in apt time how much he will bid at the sale. This depends upon a variety of considerations. In practice there are seldom any bidders except the complainant in the foreclosure suit. He will rarely bid more than the amount required to satisfy the decree. If he does bid more, he will be bound to pay the surplus in cash and it will be turned over to the mortgagor. Theorefically he should bid the value of the property; practically he never bids more than is necessary to protect himself. While, however, he will not bid more than the amount of the master's statement, it is often advisable to bid less. If the property is vacant, the full amount should be bid, unless the security is inadequate; in which case the bid should be measured by the value of the land. The insolvency of the mortgagor, who is personally responsible for the indebtedness, is also an important consideration. He is generally insolvent; but, if not and the amount bid at the sale is less than the amount necessary to satisfy the decree, you can take a personal judgment against him for the balance, provided he has been personally served wi-t h process. Again, it may be desirable for you to keep possession of the premises after the sale. This you cannot do unless there is a deficiency, but if there is a substantial deficiency you can keep possession, or take possession for the first time, through a receivership. Having decided how much to bid, you should attend the sale and be ready to bid off the property. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 37 "After the sale the first thing to attend to is the insurance, which is frequently neglected at this stage as at others. The insurance policy, if in proper form, insures the mortgagor, with a clause making the loss payable to the mortgagee according to his interest. The common method after a foreclosure sale is to take the policy to the insurance agent and have him insert a clause recognizing the sale of the premises. The popular idea that this sufficiently protects the mortgagee who has bid in the property is a mistake due to a misapprehension of the effect of foreclosure sales. "The importance of understanding the exact effect of a foreclosure sale is such that I will say a few words about it, and then apply my remarks to the case of an insurance policy. If a stranger appears at the sale and bids in the prope:ty for less than the amount of the indebtedness, it is recognized that the mortgagee who is foreclosing has a personal claim against the mortgagor for the deficiency, and that the purchaser has an independent interest under his purchase. The fact that these interests are equally independent when the mortgagee himself becomes the purchaser is not generally recognized by beginners. The effect of the foreclosure sale is to exhaust the lien of the trust deed or mortgage and to extinguish completely the estate of the trustee or mortgagee. The mortgage or trust deed is fimctus officio, and the lien which the mortgagee had under the trust deed is transformed into a statutory lien independent of the mortgage. This is to some extent recognized when a stranger purchases the property, but it is just as true when the mortgagee does so. After purchasing at the sale he ceases to be a mortgagee at all. All he holds is a lien on the property for a specific amount, the nature and effect of which are determined entirely by the statute, which gives the parties in interest a certain time to redeem from the sale and provides that, if they do not so redeem, a deed shall issue conveying the absolute title to the holder of the certificate of purchase. Where the mortgagee becomes the purchaser and also takes a deficiency decree against the mortgagor, it is important to bear in mind his dual character. "To apply this distinction to insurance policies, which have usually been paid for by the mortgagor, it should be borne in mind that the mortgagor has not contracted to pay for insurance upon the interest of purchasers at foreclosure sale. When he paid the premiums he doubtless authorized the insertion in the policy of a clause protecting the mortgagee in case of loss, but if after sale you take the policy to an insurance agent and have it changed so as to protect the purchaser, or the mortgagee in his new capacity as purchaser, you are perverting the policy to a use for which the mortgagor did not pay. The mortgagor who has paid for a policy owns �38 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. it subject to the rights of the mortgagee, and if after a foreclosure sale there should be a loss he would have the right to insist that the insurance money be paid to him and not to the purchaser whom he never agreed to indemnify. The only safe way to protect the interest of your client who has purchased the property is to take out new insurance covering his interest or else get the mortgagor's authority to change the old policy. "After the sale the master will issue a certificate and send you a report of sale and distribution of the proceeds. Then the master's fees are to be settled and various expenses paid, and as you have to call upon your client for these items, it is a very opportune time to collect your own fees, if you have not done so before. The master's report should be taken into court and confirmed, and the order of confirmation will cure all minor irregularities in the sale. "You should then make a note in your diary of the date fifteen months after the sale when the period of redemption expires, so that the deed will not be overlooked. If the property is vacant your client might suppose he was the owner of it and might forget to take out a deed, and if he did forget for five years after the expiration of the period allowed for redemption the consequences would be disastrous. The foreclosure sale exhausted his mortgage lien entirely and substituted for it a statutory lien, which expires at the end of five years unless a deed is taken out, so that if he neglected to take out the deed for this period he would have absolutely no interest in the land and no security whatever. The consequences of neglect to take out a deed are forcibly illustrated by the remarkable and instructive case of Lightcap vs. Bradley, recently decided by the Supreme Court. "16. Redemption Period. After the foreclosure sale a receiver can be secured if there was a deficiency, even though no receiver had been applied for before. The fact that the land failed at the sale to bring the full amount of the decree is accepted by the Court as conclusive evidence that the security is inadequate, notwithstanding the fact that it is really no evidence at all. The only way in which possession can be retained during the redemption period is through a receivership. If you are in possession under an ejectment suit, it is highly advisable to get out as soon as a foreclosure sale has taken place. The right to collect the rents under the terms of the trust deed ceased when that instrument was exhausted by the foreclosure sale, and it is only through the general equitable powers of the court that the rents can be collected during the redemption period. If they should be collected without a receivership, it is probable that the mortgagor could compel the party collecting them to refund. The purchaser must protect himself during the redemption period �THE LAW SCHOOL. 39· against tax sales. A receiver cannot pay the taxes after foreclosure sale and have them allowed in his accounts. The purchaser must pay his own taxes, but he should file the tax receipts with the master who made the sale. If he does so file them, the statute provides that in case of redemption the amount so paid by him shall be refunded. "17. When the period of redemption has expired the deed should be taken out and recorded, and if your client is ready to pay the expense, the abstract may be brought down to show the foreclosure· proceedings and the record of the master's deed. You will then be in a position to furnish him with an opinion of title; and if you find that you can turn over the abstract to him with an opinion showing· that he has a title in fee simple, clear of incumbrances, you will have discharged your entire duty and may consider yourself a for-tunate man,-especially if your fees have been paid." ��NORTHWESTER:-/ U:-/JVERSITY BUILDING, LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS �LIBRARY (WEST AISLE). THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL JURISPRUDENCE IS PLACED IN THE SOUTH AISLE , �v. DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Olfers a four years' course leadini: to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surirery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical instruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors, The attendance during the last year was 625. It is the larirest University Dental School in the world. For further information, address Northwestern University Dental School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets , Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretical study of Music, and is designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It a lso makes provision for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accomplishment. It offers three or four year courses leading to an appropriate decree in Music. For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois. VII. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON The Garrett Biblical Institute, open to all young men from any evangelical church, who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry, offers a three years' course arranged for classical graduates of approved colleges, leading to the degree of Bachelor of Divinity; also a four years' course open to collei:;c graduates, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The Norwegian-Danish Theological Department, established to prepare men for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish people, offers its students an opportunity to pursue their theological studies in the English, Norwegian, and Danish languages. The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further information, address the respectivo schools, Evanston, Illinois. VIII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses preparatory to colleee and practical life. The proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a 1<?reat advantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy, Evans .. ton, Illinois. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onare-a, Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for preparing for college or technical schools, or other hi2"her institutions of learning. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board, An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinois. IX. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all dep a rtments of the University except the Medical School on substantially the same terms as men. For further information as to the Residence Halls for Women, address Dean of Women , Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois. �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series II, Number 2 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1903 August Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 August Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES II AUGUST NUMBER NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHICAGO EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED LAW OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED Q!J AR TERL Y BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J. James A. M. Ph . . President N University . Four (Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) City Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor Laws Special L'B. . Chicago Law Institute Library . Law . Northwestern University Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. ASSEMBLY ROOM Ii \ MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPHS. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. SERIES II. AUGUST . VIEWS OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING AND OF LIBRARY • Front£ VIEWS OF ASSEMBLY ROOM AND OF MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPHS OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT AND MR. JUSTICE Ho Tailpt" . THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAW AND JURIS Paee PRUDEN CE • II. OPENING OF THE LIBRARY TO MEMBERS OF THE BAR IO• III. UNVEILING OF THE MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPH OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT ON APRIL . IV. COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AND LIST OF DEGREES CONFERRED ON JUNE . V. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ALUMNI RECENTLY ELECTED TO THE BENCH IN ILLINOIS VI. ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL BANQUET OF ALUMNI ASSOCIATION ON OCTOBER VII. ANNOUNCEMENT OF LEGAL TACTICS Co URSE FOR VIII. THE FORECLOSURE OF MORTGAGES AN ADDRESS IN THE LEGAL TACTICS COURSE BY W. W. CASE ESQ. Entered Postoffice Chicago Illinois matterI THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL LAWS AND JURISPRUDENCE. By . Hon. Elbert H. Gary ' Chicago New York School Continental Europe American . Russia Servia Hungary Turkey. Austria Belgium Bulgaria Denmark France Germany Greece Holland Hungary Italy Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Norway Portugal Roumania Russia Servia Spain Sweden Sw' Turkey . Austrian Bohemia Bosnia Croatia Herzegovina Slavonia . Under . Ru Finland Esthland Kurland Livland Poland. Under Swiss . Turkish Ottoman Empire European Mussulman Mussulman · Mohammedan India Morocco Oriental European . . Codes . French German . Supreme Courts . One . One . One . . All Roman . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Canon . Comparative Legislation . International Law International Law Mr. Wm. Alden Fuller Board Trustees Professor Charles Cheney Hyde. Mr. Julius Rosenthal Chicago Annuaire ' Institiit . II OPENING OF THE LIBRARY TO MEMBERS OF THE BAR. With School Chicago NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING CHICAGO ILL. . To Jl / Bar City / Cllicago Believing Law Institute Bar Association · Chicago Law Institute. Northwestern University Law School Law School Library . Northwestern University Building . . \Yell . United States Reports State Reports Reporter System National Reporter System Lawyers'Reports Annotated Illinois Reports States Union . Of English Reports Law Reports Full Reprint Reports . Gary Collection Treatises Reports Statutes Continental Law . Germany France Austria Spain Switzerland Holland Italy Belgium European United States. International Law Continental Law Atlantic Coast. A $ . Si. . Books . Those School. THE FACULTY OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY School . III UNVEILING OF THE MEMORIAL AUTOGRAPH OF PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT. On Assembly Room School President Roosevelt. A Mr. Ju Holmes QUARTERLY BULLETIN. School . President Roosevelt Mr. Justice Holmes . Mr. Justice Holmes . President Roosevelt West University Committee Invitation Hon. H. S. Boutell Trustee University Hon. George E . Foss Hon. James B. Mann School. President Chicago Washington . Mr. Justice Holmes . His N QUARTERLY BULLETIN . Some President Roosevelt Western University Evanston University. Law School Jose Hon. H. S. Boutell President Assembly Room Mr. Justice Holmes. Mr. Boutell Washington President. President University NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Assembly Room P. M. ( Towle ). Mr. BouteII President . . Towle ( Mr. Strickland ' ) Mr. McKinney ' Northwestern Chapter Delta Chi School Assembly Room Dutch "Presented Law School Northwestern University Northwestern Chapter Delta Chi ." . A QUARTERLY BULLETIN. • IV COMMENCEMENT EXERCISES AND LIST OF DEGREES CONFERRED ON JUNE . On ' Forty Annual Commencement University Chicago Auditorium. Commencement Address Rev. Matt. S. Hughes D. D. Kansas City. President Edmund J. James Deans Graduates Music . No Founders' Day . Bachelor Laws Block Manfred Sickle B. ... University Wisconsin. Case Charl Center Crafts Harry Kent A.B. University Michigan. Crilly Oliver Daniel A.B. Harvard University. Deering Thomas Gardner Dunbar David Owen B.S. Cornell College A.B. Columbia University. Eberhardt Alfar Maximilian Eschbach Jesse Ernest Ph.B . Otterbein College. Ferren Hosea V. Jr. Frank Lee Julius A.B. University Chicago. Guthman Roy Headen Thomas Moulton A.B. University Illinois. Kahn Julius Maurice A B. Northwestern University. Keating James Williams Keep Albert Kidder Royce Annan Platteville Wis. Cherry Valley. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Center Point Ia. Chicago. Warsaw Ind. Carterville. Chicago. Youngstown Ohio. Shelbyville. Petersburg. Chicago. Chicago. Sterling. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Knapp William Proctor Ph.B. Iowa College Knowlton Clarence Elliott Kompel Morris B.L. Northwestern University. Kropf Victor Gustav A.B .. Washburn College. Lamar Clyde Park Lee Curtis Gillmore Matthews Jacob Scott A.B . University Michigan. Elias A.B. Harvard University. McKinney Marion Hayes Mergentheim Morton Adolph A.B .. A. M .. University Chicago. Mills Matthew A.B .. Yale University. Murphy Edward James ·McN Donald Niles John Addison Odell Benjamin Franklin Jefferson O'Donnell Thomas Vincent LL.B .. Indiana University. Peckham John Judah A.B. Harvard University. Phillips Paul B. A.B .. Wheaton College. Rose Charles George Rosenberg Hyman Rosenstone Bertram Vv. Schafer Frank Boeshair .S Joseph Laurence A.M. University Wisconsin. Swigert Harry Amos Thomasson Nelson Jr. A.B. Princeton University. Thomsen Colditz Sandor Van Voorst Fred Welch Robert Leslie A. B. University Chicago. Chicago. Rochester Minn. Chicago. Richland Kas. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Fort Wayne Ind. Chicago. Evanston. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Bloomington. Geneva. Wheaton. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. El Paso. Geneseo . Council Bluffs Ia. Chicago. Chicago. Monticello Ind. Des Moines Ia. Jesse Ernest Eschbach Jacob Scott Matthews Bachelor Laws Master Arts. Hyman Rosenberg Callaghan $ ' . V BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF ALUMNI ELECTED TO THE BENCH IN ILLINOIS AT THE ELECTION OF JUNE . JUDGE BENJAMIN R. BURROUGHS Third District Illinois Charles County Maryland . He Charlotte Hall School Maryland Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He Bar Edwardsville Illinois. Judge Amos Watts Third Circuit Illinois. He Supreme Court Justice Appellate Court . JUDGE WILLIAM M. FARMER Fayette County Illinois. He McKendree College Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He Bar Vandalia Ill. State' Attorney General Assembly State Senate. ' Circuit Court Fourth Judicial District . Judge Farmer Supreme Court Appellate Seventh District Ottowa. GEORGE MILLS ROGERS Glasgow Kentucky . Mr. Rogers Cook County . His Chicago. Later Yale College University Chicago . He Crawford & O'Connell Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He Bar Samuel P. McConnell. He City Prosecuting Attor NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Assistant City Attorney Assistant United States District Attorney. Master Chancery Circuit Court . Mr. Rogers Circuit Court Cook County Supreme Court Illinois. THOMAS M. HoYNE Galena Illinois. He Chicago High School . Law School Northwestern University School Law . He Bar . Mr. Hoyne Circuit Court Supreme Court. Mr. Hoyne Hoyne O'Connor & Hoyne. JOSEPH A. O'DONNELL Ballina County Ireland . Mr. O'Donnell' Chicago . He St. Patrick' Academy Fricke' German School Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He Bar Chicago . Mr. O'Donnell Illinois Legislature . Superior Court Cook County Illinois Legislature Cook County Supreme Court State . He Circuit Court Supreme Court . Mr. O'Donnell O'Donnell & Coughlan. JUDGE FREDERICK A. SMITH Norwood Park Cook County Illinois . Civil War University Chicago. He University Chicago . He Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He THE LAW SCHOOL. ' Circuit Court Cook County Illinois . JUDGE CHARLES B. GARNSEY Lima Livingston County New York . He Genesee Wesleyan Seminary Lima New York. Will County Illinois . He Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . He One Hundredth Illinois Volunteer Infantry . He Bar Jofiet . Master Chancery Will County Corporation Counsel City Joliet County Judge Will County . Republican Circuit Judge Twelfth Judicial Circuit . JUDGE RICHARD . CLIFFORD Chicago Cook County . He University St. Mary Chicago University Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . Circuit Court Cook County . JUDGE HARRY HIGBEE Pittsfield Illinois . He Yale College Pittsfield Columbia School Law Union College Law Northwestern University School Law . Judge Higbee Pittsfield . State Senate . Circuit Court Eighth Circuit . Appellate Court Second District . Appellate Court Second District Appellate Court Fourth District . VI ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION ON OCTOBER . Owing Alumni Association Association . . . An . Alumni States Territories Illinois Chicago Secretary School . Association President Frank Orren Lowden ' . First Vice President M. Lester Coffeen ' . Second Vice President Charles Clarence Linthicum ' . Third Vice President Robert E. Pendarvis ' . Fourth Vice President William P. Sidley ' . Secretary Charles H. Blatchford ' Ashland Block Chicago. Treasurer Otto Raymond Barnett ' . Communications Mr. Jerome J. Cermak ' La Salle Chicago Secretary Association. VII ANNOUNCEMENT OF THE LEGAL TACTICS COURSE FOR . Legal Tactics School' . Its . . . Such . · ' School. intere . Octo · ' · . Each nan · Chicago Daily Law Bulletin . . There · · . Selection Management Jury. . Railroad Litigation. . Life Benefit Insurance. . Organizing Advising Corporation. . Insolvent Bankrupt Estates. . Examination Witnesses .. . Banking Trust Company Practice. . Abstracts Title Conveyancing Practice. . Land Condemnation Practice. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Law Office Work Dealings Clients. . Ways Manners Judges. . Preparation Case Trial. . Marine Practice. . Bankruptcy Practice. . Brief Argument Before Supreme Court. . Methods Keeping Using Public Records. . Justice Court Practice. . Personal Injury Practice. . Practice Under Municipal Ordinances. . Practice Before Masters Chancery. . Acquisition Retention Clientage. . Building Contracts Mechanics' Liens. . Debt Collections. . Fire Insurance. . Probate Practice. . Criminal Practice. . Appellate Court Practice. . Special Assessments. . Mortgage Foreclosures. . Federal Practice. . Landlord Tenant. . General Taxation. Mortgage Foreclosures ' . ' BULLETIN . . VIII THE FORECLOSURE OF MORTGAGES. An Address Delivered Legal Tactics Course W. W. Case Esq. Chicago Bar. " Dean . . . However . . "Many . . . . During . ' . " . Everything . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . Accordingly . To . " . Nature Mortgage Estate. Illinois . . . ' . Again ) . After . ' . Generally . . . Supreme Court . Courts THE LAW SCHOOL. . Court . . There . . " . Nature Trust Deeds. Nine Chicago . . A . . " . Different Methods Foreclornre. . There . "( . ) There . . . · . A . "( .) Some . . . "( .) After NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Brown . Finally . A Brown He Harry Wilson Higginson Brown' . Harry Wilson Higginson . Higginson . He . He Harry Wilson Wilson . He . Wilson ' Higginson . Higginson 'Hello Harry!' Higginson Brown Brown . Higginson . Brown Brown' . Declaring Principal Due. . . . Ordinarily . Foreclosures . " . Parties. . Carelessriess . . . " !. . . ' . . . Courts . Nevertheless THE LAW SCHOOL. . ' . He . An . Most . . . Even . " . . ' ' . They . . . They . "Aside . All . Some ' . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. "With . . . . Consequently . . A . . . Any . " . Expenses. Before . . . He $ · . He . . . . . . . THE LAW SCHOOL. . . All ' · . . . Expenses . Otherwise . " . Drafting Bill. After . There . Little . . . ' . Parties . . " . Insurance. . . . . . . . " Service Process . Do . Get NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . Otherwise . After Chancery Act. . . . Nothing . Any United States. " . Possession. . Possession . . . They . · . There . . "Whether . . Inadequacy Court . Nowadays Court Court THE LAW SCHOOL. . Appellate Courts . Courts Cook County . Some . . Cook County Circuit Superior Courts . ' ' . " . . An . Ejectment . Courts . . Circuit Court Court . Superior Court Circuit Court . . Supreme Court . " . Reference. After NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . Be . . Such . " . Proceedings Before Master. . . ' . Some ' . ' . . . Where ' . Court . Usually Court . " . Decree. . There . To . A preTHE LAW SCHOOL. . ' . Under State . . Court . ' · . . . . . . . . Yet . A . Here . . . Even ' . He . . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. " . 'Up . . They . Hence . " . Sale. . . . . . Your . . . He . . Theorefically . While ' . . . He . Again . . Having . THE LAW SCHOOL. "After . . . . " . . . . . . After . All . Where . "To . . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . ' . "After . ' . ' . " . . . Lightcap . Bradley Supreme Court. " . Redemption Period. After . Court . . . . . THE LAW SCHOOL. · . A . . . " . · ' . · ." NORTHWESTER / U /JVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS LIBRARY (WEST AISLE). THE GARY COLLECTION OF CONTINENTAL JURISPRUDENCE IS PLACED IN THE SOUTH AISLE . DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Olfers ' Doctor Dental Surirery. . . University Dental School . Northwestern University Dental School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/684a6e10de1ae028db0e5e7458c4baee.pdf 964fe55d5d85e5449ad8d702e69fbc4e PDF Text Text SERIES II NOVEMBER, 1903 NUMBER 3 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHIC AGO-EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLI.EGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN LAKE AND UNIVERSITY BUILDING DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J . James, Ph.D. , LL. D ., President Northwestern University consists of seven departments or schools. Four of these !Law Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center of the city of Chicago. The other three (College of Liberal Arts, Music, and the Academy , are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, imme-diately adjoi ning the:: city on the north. The College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about three milc:s north of the city limits. For general intormat,on relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, llhnois, I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leading to Bachelor's degree in Languages and Literature tE11 1d ish, French, German, lta lian, Spanish, Latin, Gretk. Hebrew); Mathematics (coll~ge and a ivanced,; Science 1 Ascronomy. Hotany, ZoOlogy, Chi::mistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geolo2y); Hiscory (ancient. medi.Eval, and modern : Philosophy, Psycl1ology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other subjecls appropriate to a modern college. Numerous graduate courses are a lso offered leading to the dee-ree of A.M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph 0. Special advantages are offered to the i:raduates of this collei:e in the professional school• of the Umve1 sity. For !urther information, address College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, lllinois, II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The hos• pital and clinical facilities are especially good This school was the first in the United States to·take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, adoption of loog~r annual courses, and the eraded curriculum. ,. It ranks fourth in attendance amon11 University Medical Schools in the United States. For further information, address N ortbwestern Univeraity Medical School, Dearborn Street, Chicago, 2421 III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Special facilit1es are provided for a thorough preparation in the practical as welJ as theoretical·aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of tile studtmt, including over ten thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago Law lnstitute Library provides an additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all pa1 ts of the country, and che courses are arrangt:d with a view to giving them that knowledge of ;f~g,le!~J~:~ }fg::;!1°e~~ifnmtfrii~~~~~~ 1 L awF~~ic~~~~~~ei~f~~~: Northwestern University Building, Chicaao. Law School, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The coui se includes instruction in general Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Pharmacy, Hotany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analylical Pharmaceulical Chemiscry, including Drug Assaying, Bacteriology, and Sanitary Analysis. Jt ranks first in attendance amoni! Universicy Schools of Pharmacy in this country. For turther information, address Northwestern University School of Phar- macy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake anci Dearborn Streets, Chicau;o, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING, LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS ��QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. 3. SERIES II. NOVEMBER, 1903. VIEWS OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING AND LIBRARY Frontispiece BooK FLA TE I. II. PaEe 5 NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE SCHOOL REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL BANQUET OF 6 THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION III. JUSTICE COURT PRACTICE: AN TACTICS COURSE, HY ROBERT STATE'S ATTORNEY OF COOK ADDRESS N. IN THE LEGAL HOLT, ESQ., ASSISTANT COUNTY, ILLINOIS, AND FORMERLY JUSTICE OF THE PEACE Entered at the Postoffice at Chicago, IJJinois, as second-class mail matter. 7 ��I - NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS. The Law School Book Plate: On page 1 will be found a cut of the Law School Book Plate, designed by Miss Louise B. Graves, of Boston, Mass., and presented to the Law School by Charles Cheney Hyde, Esq. October State Bar Examination: All of the students from Northwestern University Law School who were candidates for admission to the bar before the State Board of Law Examiners at the Springfield examination were successful. The following members of the class of 1903 took this examination: Harry K. Crafts, Charles L. Daly, Thomas G. Deering, David 0. Dunbar, Al far M. Eberhardt, Hosea V. Ferrell, Julius M. Kahn, Albert H. Kay, James W. Keating, William P. Knapp, Clarence E. Knowlton, Morris Kompel, Victor G. Kropf, J. Scott Matthews, Matthew Mills, John A. Niles, Benjamin F. J . Odell, John J. Peckham, Leonard D. Quinn, Hyman Rosenberg, Frank B. Schafer, Sandor Thomsen Von Colditz, Leroy L. Todd, Fred Van Voorst. Class Pict-ures: The collection of class pictures for the Alumni Room is still incomplete. Any alumnus who may have a picture of his class is urged to send it to the Law School in order that the collection may soon be made as complete as possible. Cases for Moot Court: An invitation is extended to graduates of the Law School to send in statements of facts of cases in which they may be interested for preparation and trial in the Moot Court of the Law School. Cases will be a~igned in the order in which they are received and a copy of the briefs on which the argument is made will be mailed to the attorney submitting the case. 5 �II-ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The annual banquet of the Alumni Association of the School took place at the University Club, Chicago, at 7 P. M., on Wednesday, October 7th. President Frank Orren Lowden, '87, acted as toastmaster. About one hundred and ten were present. The members of the class of 1903 were the guests of President Lowden. After dinner had been served the toastmaster introduced the speakers of the evening, who responded to the following toasts: HoN. OLIVER H. HORTON, '63-"Our Alma Mater, Its Past, Present and Future." PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMES-"The University." JUDGE WILLARD M. McEWEN, '87-"The Alumnus as a Judge." EDWIN BURRITT SMITH, EsQ., '79-"Law." ELIAS MAYER, EsQ., '03-"The Class of 1903." After the toasts the nominating committee, composed of NELSON THOMASSON, ESQ., '60; HERBERT A. SCHRYVER, ESQ., '95, and GEORGE I. HAIGHT, ESQ., '02; made its report, and the following gentlemen, placed in nomination by the committee, were elected to serve for the ensuing year : President-CHARLES C. LINTHICUM, '82. First Vice-President-GEORGE E. Foss, '89. Second Vice-President-ROBERT E. PENDARVIS, '87. Third Vice-President-PERCIVAL STEELE, '87. Fourth Vice-President-FRANCIS T. COLBY, '80. Secretary-JEROME J. CERMAK, '02, 524-159 La Salle St., Chicago. Treasurer-OTTO R. BARNETT, '88. Short speeches were made by Mr. Lowden and Mr. Linthicum, and after cheers for the retiring president and the president-elect, the meeting adjourned. 6 �III - JUSTICE COURT PRACTICE. An Address Deli-vered in th e L ega l Tactics Co11rse, December I902, by Robert N . Holt, Esq., Assistant State's Attorney of Cook County, Illinois, and formerly Iustice of the P eace. 22, In looking forward to your practice you doubtless all of you realize the fact that the largest part of your work for a few years to come, the first years in practice, will be in the Justice Court. You will not all be in the ·condition of a young student who graduated about '97, I think it wa s. He was full of hope and looked forward to the great achievements that he would make. Talking to a class-mate, he said: ';What would you take for your first three years' fees right now?" The other replied that he would not require a very large sum. "Well," said the young man who asked the question, "I wouldn't take twentv-five thousand dollars for what I would n1ake in three years. I might be retained by some big corporation and make twice that amount in ·one fee." You will be fortunate if you receive that many dollars instead of thousands. The first thing to do is to select for yourself some particular place where your work will be done. Ally yourself with some particular court. This has its advantage. You soon get to be acquainted with your justice, who finds out whether you are sincere and honest, whether you are conducting your business in the fair-minded way a lawyer should. Then if you are ever in a position where you have to ask favors the justice will know whether to rely upon your representations, or whether you are making him one of the customary excuses covered up with words. In making your selection there are different theories with different lawyers. Many justices say that you should not go more than three blocks away from the court house. Now, this has its advantages. I see before me a gentleman who has handled hundreds or thousands of cases in such a court, getting, I have no doubt, con5iderable satisfaction from being able to do the business within a short distance of his office. I see before me other gentlemen who are just as successful, who have not had probably so many cases, who have seen fit to select justices in the outlying districts. Both are justified on this ground alone. The gentleman who came down town represented a big firm, doing an immense business. His business was always first, and I have been in that court when 7 �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. his business has taken the entire time of the court. I have waited all the afternoon, have come back, and back again, and lost my client because I was not influenti al with the court. I think one saves his own time and the tim e of his client by choosing so me oth er justice. Of course I realize that a great many people are dragged out to outlying townships at early hours of the morning, or late in the afternoon, in th e hope that he may be discouraged from presenting his case. I do not think that any of you are going to practice in th at way. There is no stigma, however, in doing your work in a place where you can get prompt service and do not have to wait for a trial; but when you do it be fair and decent. The fir st thing to be considered when you have selected your justice is th e question of costs. A great many lawyers go to the statutes, and then tell a justice and the constables what they should charge and what they should not. There has grown up a custom in this region, a system of costs which in the main are about as fai r as they can be. It is customary here now to pay a dollar to the justice when the case is commenced, and another dollar to the constable for serving process. Under the statute the constable would charge fifty cents and mileage. Lawyers doing much business in justice courts have soon found out that th e best way is to pay the constable this certain amount. Many lawyers at the beginning of their experience berate the constables and justices and speak of them as robbers, but a short experience will show them not only that they will get better service by conforming to the custom, which, as I have said, has grown up here in Cook County, but that it will be cheaper in the end. I have heard many an attorney try to dictate what the fees of the constable should be. I have known of many cases where attorneys have said, "We will not pay these fees, we will pay only the statutory fees." In nearly every case th e statutory fees properly chargeable have exceeded the customary fees. Another thing to be considered is the kind of case you have,-as, for instance, in a wage case you are entitled to a fee if you give the notice required by the statute, and have your juclgment properly entered up. Another thing to con sider is whether you are likely to have to start garnishment. If so, give the constable a garnishee notice for him to serve at the same time that he serves the summons. This has a good effect. Another thing to do is to take an affidavit of your client's claim. Have among your blank forms praecipes which have the customary affidavit of claim. Have this fill ed in and sworn to when a claim is first brought to you for collection. The Justice Act provides that if you have that affidavit on the file and the de- �THE LAW SCHOOL. 9 fondant does not appear the justice may enter a judgment upon the affidavit, without taking evidence, the matter going by defa ult. Another advantage is this: Suppose you are pressed for time. Suppose your witness fails to get there, and the other side puts up the usual cry that it is a fraudulent claim, made without merit, to annoy the defendant. The justice can see that the plaintiff has set forth a claim and that he has sworn to it, and with that affidavit before him, showing that the plaintiff had sufficient confidence in his case to swear to it, he is much more likely to allow the plaintiff the continuance he asks. Some attorneys require an assignment to them of every claim. I personally do not approve of that practice, and I make this merely as a suggestion. Determine carefully before yon commence your suit as to the legal entity of your defendant. Is it a partnership, an individual or a corporation? You must do this because then comes the question of your service, which with reference to these different entities is brought about in a different way. If a partnership you want to get in all your partners, for, although our Supreme Court has held that it is not absolutely necessary, before proceeding to trial, formerly they held that partners must a ll be served. If a corporation be very careful as to the return of the constable as that is a part of your summons. Another thing to caution you about is this, that there is a very different return of a service upon a corporation when your suit is in a justice court, from a sui t in a court of record. Read the two acts and you will see that there is a considerable difference. Oftentimes I have had brought into my court returns where the constable has copied his return from the Practice Act and not from the Justice Act. The defendant objected, and properly, because the return was not correct. Then when your summons is to be made out there are several things to consider. First as to the time. Probably you will want five days. Have a certain day in the week for your justice court work and make it returnable that day. This is a very good plan. Then when a case is continued have it continued one week. It will save you countless days and nights of worry and wonder as to whether • you have a certain case coming up at a certain time or at some other. It will enable you to systematize your work, and enable you to do better work. V.' hen yon start your suit get service at once and make the return day not too far off; better make it very short. If you don't, your opponent may start suit against your client, and he may get his summons ante-dated-I am sorry to say that this can be done-and then you will be obliged to try his case first, and may be compelled to put your claim in as a set- �10 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. off in his suit. And even if he has no real ground of action against you he' has the advantage of trying your claim against him in a court of his own selection. You will notice from the Justice Act that each party must bring forward all his claims against the other party that exist at the time of the commencement of the action, not at the time of the serving of the summons, and the decisions of our courts upon that clause are that the action which gives jurisdiction is the one in whi.ch the summons is first issued and not t)1e one in which service is first obtained. In an attachment suit it is not always advisable to make your suit returnable too soon, because the effect is to tie up the property of the defendant, and this is a perfectly legitimate mode of compelling him to pay his debts, and a very effective way too. Another thing. The statute allows thirty days to return this writ. You will find that with most of the corporations in this city pay-day comes once a week or at least twice a month. You garnishee just before pay-day. The constable does not return that writ to the court, acting under your instructions, but holds it. You learn from the first answer how much money· was due the defendant, and you let it accumulate. Then on the next pay-day, or just before, have your writ served and it will bring the defendant around pretty quickly. This has brought many a defendant around to settling a case without further delay. I will tell you something which came up in my practice. A suit was started before me, service had, and the time for trial came. But before the case came to trial a judgment had been taken before one of the justices down town. There seemed to be something rather suspicious about it. The attorney was sure that they could not have started that suit in good faith before he started his, and it would have been absolutely necessary for them to do so in order to have the earlier trial. I granted a continuance at his request, and suggested that he see whether there had been good service in the other case, as the judgment was by default, and his client claimed not to have been served. He started clown town, and on the way found a laboring man and asked him if he wanted to make a half a dollar. "Yes," said the man. "All right. You come with me." They went to the constable whose return was on the writ which it was claimed had never been served. "Are you Constable So-and-So?" "Yes." "You served a writ on such-and-such a man. Would you recognize him if you saw him?" "Certainly I would. That is the man with you." "Are you sure of it?" "Quite sure." They then all three went before the justice who hacl rendered the judgment. Said the attorney: "This is the constable who served the writ in a case �THE LAW SCHOOL. 11 here. There is some little question about this particular service. This constable says that he would recognize the man he served and has identified this man-pointing to the laboring man-as the man he served. Now this man has nothing to do with the case. Never heard of it, never saw any of the parties to it, and knew nothing about it until I asked him to come along with me, and , then he did not know what I wanted him for. The defendant in this case is quite another man. He is now just a block from here, and I can get him over here in five minutes, and he will tell you that he has never been served." The result was all that the attorney could ask, and after disposing of the matter in the down town court he then proceeded on the action in my court. Draw your own papers. It is surprising what a number of successful attorneys cannot fill out the ordinary blanks in a case in a justice court. The ordinary as,umpsit summons seems to be a riddle to them, and 111 attachment, replevin or garnishment they need a guide-board all the way along. Make out yo ur own papers and know what they say, and you will find on the face of them many answers to questions and objections that your opponent makes at the trial. Many attorneys do not know the reading of the writ in the case they are attempting to prosecute. Keep your own record. Docket every case and in full. Keep as full a record as the justice himself. For your own edification have a justice make up a transcript in some case you are interested in or any case where several things have been done. You will get more than fifty cents' worth of knowledge out of it. Many justices don't know how to write up their dockets, and the attorneys frequently have to write them up in order to get a record such as they can use, or to have a transcript which will be of any value." You should know these things. They are as much a part of your legal education as the lectures you are attending here in the law school. Another thing to remember is whether you need subpoenas. Remember that you can serve four persons on one subpoena, and that you can have a subpoena d11ces tecuni if you need books and papers. Have these ready to use them if needed. The next step in your procedure will come when your c;i.se is reached and called for trial. There are questions that need to be considered at that time. In my judgment the man who is the most successful in meeting questions that arise from the time when the case is first called until the first witness is sworn, who knows how to take advantage of every point between those two steps, is the man that wins the most cases in the justice courts, and has the greatest success. You may think the questions to be considered .Jre foolish and frivolous. �12 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. It is at this time that questions as to service come up. If you represent the defendant you have examined the service. Whether you want to make a moti on to quash the service or make what is practically a plea in abatement to it, according as th e case may require, you want to know and rememb er how and when to enter a special appearance for the purpose of objecting to the serv ice as improper. Then as to change of venue. Better have your affi davits ready. Most justices will not take advantage of you, but some are severe about these things and deny you a change unless you are quite right in your mann er of asking for it. One case I remember where a request was ma de for a change of venue. " All right," said th e justice. "Hold up your ri ght hand and be sworn." The defendant was sworn, whereupon th e justice turned to the plai;1tiff with the remark, "The witnesses are sworn. We will proceed to trial." Another trick in preventing a change of venu e is that of the fictitious defendant, where a friend of the plaintiff is added as a defendant in the case and objects to a change of ven ue, and of course it cannot be had because both or all defendants must a sk for it. I once saw it carried to this extent. A defendant asked for a change of venue. Defendant then asked leave to make a new party defendant to ·the suit and a dded his fictiti ous defendant. He then asked for a continuance for service. The next time the case came up the fictiti ous defendant appeared in court, by hi s attorney, and objected to a change of venue. To know you r business in practicing in a justice court you have got to be prepared to meet these situations. Another question to be considered: You may come to trial and your client may be absent. What are you going to do? The first thing to do is to make an effort for a continuance. It has grown to be a custom to allow one change of venue in every case, no matter what reason may be given. In the absence of the plaintiff and of his attorney the statute says the case must be dismissed, although I have known justices to go ahead and render judgment for the plaintiff in his absence. If you propose to deny the execution of any instrument sued on or used in defence, you must prepare and file an affidavit denying its execution before the trial. If you intend to deny joint liability on the part of several persons joined in the action you should prepare and file an affidavit to that effect. The effect of the statute requiring this affidavit is that if it is not filed the plaintiff is under no obligation to prove joint liability. B.ut if your affidavit denying joint liability is on file then the plaintiff must prove the joint liability. Denial of a �THE LAW SCHOOL. 13 partnership is an instance where this affidavit sho uld be filed. These affidavits must be filed before the beginning of the case. As to continuances, you must consider what you should have in your affidavit for a continuance and what grounds entitle you to it. When I got through the law school and came up to my first affidavit for continuance I had no more idea of what it should contain than the man in the moon. You should know the essentials of a good affidavit for a continuance. It is a question of study and research. Another thi ng to be considered, if you are plainti ff, is whether the defendant has filed a plea of set-off. Watch fo r this. You bring a case in which you have doubt. You don't believe all your client has told you. The other party files a set-off. You think he is going to prove it. You don't want a judgment against your client. The statute says there shall be no dismissal. Here is something I have seen done several times : If you are faced with this so rt of a case and the other party has filed a set-off, get a continuance and then don't appea r, because the statute requires the suit to be dismissed when the plaintiff does not appear and the statute must be followed. Forcible entry and detainer suits. These cases when called are almost sure to be tried and the granting of a continuance is seldom allowed, and then only upon a very strong showing, because the t endency is to r egard all applications for a continuance in such suits as for the purpose of delaying the suit and preventing the plaintiff from regaining possession of his premises. Remember there is no such thing as an atto rney in a justice court. He is merely an agent. Therefore an attorney cannot enter an app ea rance for a party defendant in a justice court. The only way that can be entered is by the party himself and in wr iting. Take no chances with the attorney who enters an appearance for the defendant because he has no right to do so, and he may be setting a trap for you. Be careful about a bill of particulars. D emand it befo re the witnesses are sworn. The other side has the right to it. Don't be so fooli sh as some attorneys are, especiall y the younger ones, who think none is necessary. Produce it. If you have a good case, don't be ashamed of it. If you haven't a case, don't bring it. Consider whether you want a jury. The ordinary ju stice court jury may consi st of six men, or possibly of twelve. If you are a plaintiff and your case is strong in its equities and doubtful in law, take a jury. If the other side asks for a j ury and puts up the costs for a jury of six, do you, if opposed, demand a jury of twelve �14 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. men and you will find in many cases that your opponent has not brought the other three dollars with him. The ordinary jury in a justice court never finds for the landlord in a case between a landlord and a tenant. I have had but one case before me where a j'ury has found for the landlord in such a case, and I never knew why they did in that case. If a jury is called, be careful what constable gets the venire, and see that it goes to a constable who has had nothing to do with the case, and nothing to do with the attorney for the other side. When you get the jury in the box, in order to avoid having it filled up with a lot of "loafers," (such are waiting around every justice court for a chance to serve on a jury for fifty cents), be careful as to one set of questions. Be particularly careful to ask whether they have served on a jury recently. Many an attorney has failed to bring out this fact, which in many cases will disqualify the entire jury, but has gone on and accepted the jury as it was. You cannot expect much from these men. I regret to say that in every court in this city there are hanging about a large number of men so cheap that fifty cents a week is all that they care for. Another thing. Give notice of recoupment or set-off. Whatever it is, give notice of it, because the justice may not agree with you whether it is recoupment or set-off, and if you give notice you are safe, whichever he thinks it is. One thing the lawyer must remember, and that is that the nonsuit is his friend when in distress, the life-buoy of every lawyer in trouble. If you are for the defendant and the plaintiff is a nonresident, insist upon a bond for costs. The next thing is the trial. After the witnesses are sworn, a good thing to do is to call for the exclusion of the witnesses. You will find that all witnesses except the parties to the suit may be excluded, and often your best success is by having the witnesses separated. Another thing to be careful about is not to introduce an excessive amount of evidence. Most all lawyers overdo the thing·. They get an immense amount of evidence in to prove a very simple thing. They open up a wide field for cross-examination, and pretty soon something comes out that the lawyer did not know was in the case and which he wishes was not there. If you represent the plaintiff, don't try to bring out by your witnesses matters in defence. Keep something in reserve, covered up, ready to hurl back in rebuttal. Payments are defences, and don't try to prove those. Let the oth"er party prove them. You have troubles of your own. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 15 Now, as to cross-examination. A large amount of cross-examination does not show the court the wisdom of the young lawyer as he may think it does. A very wise thing is to leave crossexamination alone, unless you can't avoid it. If you know the other party is telling the truth, don't cross-examine him. If he is lying, pursue him with a vengeance on the point where he is lying. The question of witness fees will constantly come up. You call the other party and he asks for his witness fees. Take down the statute and show that the statute requires a party to the suit to testify if called on. Many lawyers try another plan with a great degree of success. They call the defendant to the stand. This will make the attorney on the other side worry and squirm. Ask th e defendant questions on points where he agrees with your client. In many instances you can prove your case, when your witness is not in court and you cannot get a continuance, by calling the defendant. But unquestionably it takes good courage to do this, because you can't count on what the defendant witness may do or say. Sometimes the plaintiff's attorney introduces a note and rests. By being prompt and brief you sometimes take the defendant off his guard, and before he has recovered or has his own defense in shape, he finds a judgment entered against him. You can prove your whole case in this way. I saw a lawyer try this once where a jury was called for by the other side. He got up and said: "Gentlemen of the jury, I propose to show in this case the following," and then he recited a long statement of facts. When he had finished he offered a lease in evidence. The defendant's attorney tried to force the justice to make the plaintiff's attorney put on witnesses to prove the statement of facts,-urged that he had promised to prove this and that and the other thing, but had not done so. He became so excited that he forgot essential proof that he should have offered in defence and lost his case. The young lawyer has hard work to get into his case. He doesn't know how to open up his case, and then gets nervous and excited. The best way is to start out with simple questions as to name, residence, etc. "What claim do you make against the defendant in this case?" If your client has been properly prepared he will answer to the point, so that your case is opened up. Ask some such general question as that in order to get your case started. In your trial no matter what happens be courteous as a general thing in your conduct toward the court. If you are getting the worst of it, show that!' you take it goodnaturedly. If you are a young man you may be there the next day, �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. whether your client is or not. If you try to deliver a lecture to the justice you will probably never get favorable attention in that court again. Remember that you must always see the right side of a case even when you are heated in the argument of the case. Many lawyers have come to me and apologized and regretted that they made fools of themselves, and said: "Here is a decision which shows that you were right and I was wrong, and I am sorry that I stormed around so." It never helps your client, nor yourself, to make a scene. Some old lawyers have had experience enough to do it; they know when it helps. But for a young lawyer it is hardly safe. Another thing is that when a judge begins to sum up and you can see what is coming and it is going against you, and you are the plaintiff, you have then your life-buoy, the non- suit. Another thing, which is often done, and I am speaking of my own knowledge among attorneys of this city, is to inquire what are the trial costs and tell the client to pay them. That looks like a little thing, but it shows that the man has remembered a thing which is a very little thing, and it helps wonderfully in making friends with the courts. It does not hurt his client nor hurt the attorney, but helps both of them. After your judgment is obtained the fight is not entirely won. The next thing is the execution. Ordinarily it issues in twenty days, but the statute provides that there may be an immediate execution on oath. The most successful lawyers are the ones who take out an immediate execution on oath. Take out your immediate execution; have it returned. If your defendant has real estate, have it returned with the real estate return, get your transcript, and file it. Then if the defendant does appeal he has a hard situation if he wants to sell his real estate. I know offices where immediate exec ution s are taken out in eve ry case. They get a real estate transcript in every case and have them on file within forty -eight hours after getting the judgment. They are wonderfuily successful in getting settlements of their cases. Follow them up in this way. It is your business to follow them up and not to lag along with the matter. Push right ahead. Don't wait. You want your execution in the constable's hands so that · you may have your lien. Your duty is to take care of your client, not of the othe r party. The schedules will come along in ten days. When they come in, look them over and see whether there seems to be any prospect of realizing the execution, comparing the return of the schedule with the report of your constable as to about what personal property the defendant has. Generally you can do noth- �THE LAW SCHOOL. 17 ing with the schedules, but will have to pursue your collection in some other way. Going back again to the starting of your suits. In attachment or distress for rent start your suit more than ten days before return day. The statute requires schedule within ten days from the time when the attachment or distress was levied. Don't allow your claim to lie after taking out your first execution. Return it every seventy days. Get it back there and let your debtor understand that you have taken out another one and that it is going into the constable's hands. After he has been through this process a few times, though it sometimes takes a couple of years, he will want to settle. As to appeal. You can appeal from below or from the upper court. Many go to the upper court. Some atto rn eys make it a uniform practice to appeal in the upper court. If an appeal is taken get a transcript and file it. Be sure and get your transcript on file. Where the appeal is taken in the court below it is the business of the other party to follow it up. Remember that the justice court practice is statutory. The statute says that in all cases there shall be an appeal except in judgments confessed. See what an opening that is for practice which is strictly legal, but not commendable, and which will in many cases give a judgment against you which you won't know about until the judgment is had. Suppose you started a case below. You have stayed away and the case is dismissed or non-suited. Not one lawyer in a hundred comes back to see whether anything further is done. Suppose you appeal your case by bond filed with the justice. It comes up in the upper court. You try it, get judgment and the defendant hears of it first when execution is levied against him. Under the decisions in the Circuit Court it would appear that under this particular clause of the Justice Act, allowing appeal in all cases except judgments confessed, that you could non-suit yonr case yourself and go back and appeal with the justice, and obtain a judgment in the court above without the knowledge of the defendant. Another thing is that either party may appeal. But the law provides that if two appeals are taken they must be to the same court. You come to the conclusion that the other party is going to appeal. You appeal first. He appeals also. You go in and move to have his appeal di smissed because your appeal is pending, and it is dismissed, and then you go in again and dismiss your own appeal. A judgment in a justice comt may be revived after seven years. It must be within ten. A judgment in an upper court may be revived within twenty years. You may take your j uclgment from an upper court and sue in a justice court to revive the judgment, and be within the statute, and then garnishee at a much less �18 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. cost than in the upper court where the costs are higher. This is if your judgment was for a small amount. Garnishment. The suit is started by the filing of the affidavit and of the demand. Most of you may not know exactly how to proceed. It is bewildering. The ordinary course is for the garnishee to appear and answer, and, if a corporation, to mail an answer sworn to by some official of the corporation. In such a case the other side may get a continuance for a week's time to investigate ,vhether the answer is true. If not, they may contest and go to trial. The great mistake in garnishment practice is this: Oftentimes the client has funds in liis hands and another claims them. The thing to do in a case of that sort is to go into court and be frank with the court, say that your client has this fund but so-and-so claims it, and so we do not know whom it belongs to. Get it disposed of by the jiistice and settle up the whole thing in the one matter. Remember also that a bona fide assignment of a claim defeats the claim, although notice of the assignment does not go in until after the service of the notice. It defeats it nevertheless. It is the duty of the garnishee to set up every defence which the defendant might. If your client has been garnisheed notify him to appear and set up all the defences that he may have. Remember there are no alias writs in attachment. If you do not get services on your first writ get it by publication. Sell the property on the first execution because there are no alias special executions in attachment. Appear specially and question the attachment, in cases where your client owes the money but you don't want to pay it immediately. Go in and defeat the attachment if you can, and the result will be merely a judgment in assumpsit against your client. These are but a few of the points which I could touch upon here. A friend who sits before me now said once that it was harder to practice in a justice court than in the Supreme Court of the State; and he was not exaggerating it. �7F v. DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a fnur years' course leadin~ to the degree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. The facilities for ,he practical and theoretical instruction in the school are unusually good The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the itU• dents and instructors. The attc::ndance during the last year was 53.>. It is the largest UniFe;rsi?ur~;~:a\j~~~!t\~~?t,ad~~~~s Northwestern University Dental School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Strcotii, Cbicae;o. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretrical study of Music, and is tie• signed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists. teac11ers. or critics. Jt also makes provision for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accompli::;hment. It offers three or four year courses leadina to an anpropriate degree in .\-I usic. For hlrthcr information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois. VII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large vnriety of courses preparatory to college and practical life. Tho proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a great ad• vantage to the Acad:-!my. Youn2 men and women will find here opportunity to pre• pareF~: Fu"it;~Pr~fo~~~To7i~u!1JZ·css Northwestern University Academy, Evanston, Illinois. A second Academy, under the n ame of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onarga, 1llinois. Special facilities are afforded for preparingfor college or technical schools, or other hi~her institutions of learning-. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, lllinoia. VIII. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medical School on substantiallv the same terms as men. For further intormation as to the Residence Halls for Women, address Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, lllinois . IX. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE Garrett Biblical Institute, chartered in 1855, is a theological seminary co-operating with the Uni ve r sity. 1t is open to all students who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry. It offers a three years' course, arranged for classical graduates. leading- to th e d es,:ree of 8 .D. ; also a four years' course open to college graduates leading to the degree of Ph.D . The intimate relations of the University and the Institute afford great advantaire• to all those preparing for the Christian ministry. NORWEGIAN-DANISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL The Norwegian-Danish Theological School, affiliated with the Institute, offers to those pre paring for the ministry among the Norwegian and lJanish people an oppor• tunity to do this in the En dish. Danish, and N orwe~ian languages. SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasin~ demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further inlormation, address the respective schools, Evanston, IUi1111i1. �" � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series II, Number 3 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1903 November Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 November Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES II NOVEMBER NUMBER NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY CHIC AGO EVANSTON BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLI.EGE OF LAW) FOUNDED OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J . James Ph.D. LL. D . President Northwestern University . Four !Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor Laws. Special facilit welJ · Law. Chicago Law Library . pa LawF ! J } ! ° Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicaao. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW CONTENTS OF No. . SERIES II. NOVEMBER . VIEWS OF NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING AND LIBRARY BooK FLA TE Frontispiece . NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS OF THE SCHOOL II. REPORT OF THE PROCEEDINGS AT THE ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION III. JUSTICE COURT PRACTICE AN ADDRESS IN THE LEGAL TACTICS COURSE HY ROBERT N. HOLT ESQ. ASSISTANT STATE'S ATTORNEY OF COOK COUNTY ILLINOIS AND PaEe FORMERLY JUSTICE OF THE PEACE Entered Postoffice Chicago IJJinois . NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS. Law School Book Plate On Law School Book Plate Miss Louise B. Graves Boston Mass. Law School Charles Cheney Hyde Esq. State Bar Examination All Northwestern University Law School State Board Law Examiners Springfield . Harry K. Crafts Charles L. Daly Thomas G. Deering David . Dunbar Al M. Eberhardt Hosea V. Ferrell Julius M. Kahn Albert H. Kay James W. Keating William P. Knapp Clarence E. Knowlton Morris Kompel Victor G. Kropf J. Scott Matthews Matthew Mills John A. Niles Benjamin F. J . Odell John J. Peckham Leonard D. Quinn Hyman Rosenberg Frank B. Schafer Sandor Thomsen Von Colditz Leroy L. Todd Fred Van Voorst. Class Pict Alumni Room . Any Law School . Cases Moot Court An Law School Moot Court Law School. Cases . II ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Alumni Association School University Club Chicago P. M. . President Frank Orren Lowden ' . About . President Lowden. After HoN. OLIVER H. HORTON ' "Our Alma Mater Its Past Present Future." PRESIDENT EDMUND J. JAMES " University." JUDGE WILLARD M. McEWEN ' " Alumnus Judge." EDWIN BURRITT SMITH EsQ. ' "Law." ELIAS MAYER EsQ. ' " Class ." After NELSON THOMASSON ESQ. ' HERBERT A. SCHRYVER ESQ. ' GEORGE . HAIGHT ESQ. ' President CHARLES C. LINTHICUM ' . First Vice President GEORGE E. Foss ' . Second Vice President ROBERT E. PENDARVIS ' . Third Vice President PERCIVAL STEELE ' . Fourth Vice President FRANCIS T. COLBY ' . Secretary JEROME J. CERMAK ' La Salle St. Chicago. Treasurer OTTO R. BARNETT ' . Short Mr. Lowden Mr. Linthicum . III JUSTICE COURT PRACTICE. An Address Deli L Tactics Co I Robert N . Holt Esq. Assistant State' Attorney Cook County Illinois Iustice P . Justice Court. https://plrccollections.org/files/original/16e0afb6d2e2b017d9ee510824a82858.pdf cbe1e79fc4d83e097c86420194b77e77 PDF Text Text SERIES II NUMBER MAY, 1903 1 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THR SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO ;Edmund J, James , A.M. , Ph.D. , President Northwestern University consists of seven departments or schools. Four'of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center . of the city of Chicago. The other three (College of Liberal Arts, Music, and the Academy), are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, imme· dialely adjoining the city on the north. The College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about three miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc., address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS , EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leading to Bachelor's degree in Languages and Litera· lure (English, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew); Mathematics (college and advanced); Science (Astronomy, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, Mineralogy, Geology); History (ancient, medireval, and modern); Philosophy, Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other subiects appropnate to a modern college. Numerous graduate courses are also offered leading to the degree ot A.M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph.D. Special advantages are offered to the graduates of this college in the professional schools of the University. For further information, address College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, Illinois, II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The hospital and clinical facilities are especially good. This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education: the enforcement of the standard of preliminary educat10n, adoption of longer annual courses, and the graded curricul um. State!'. ranks fourth in aitendance among University Medical Schools in the lJnited 2421 For further information, address Northwestern University Medical •School, Dearborn Street, Chicago, III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the degree of Bachelor of Laws, S_pecial facilities are proYided for a thorough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of the student, including over ten thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago Law Institute Library provides an. additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from alJ parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to giving them that knowledge of Law which will be indispensable to them wherever they may practice.&'. - . , For further information, address Northwestern University Law School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the del(ree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The course mcludes instruction in general Chemistry, Chemical · Analysis Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing, and Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assaying, Bacteriology'pand Sanitary Analysis, It ranks first m attendance among University Schools of harmacy in this country. For further information, address Northwestern University School of Phar• macy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets , Chicago. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING. LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS. �ENTRANCE NORTHWESTEl{N UN!VERS[TY BUILDING. �LI BRARY ( WEST AISLE ). �;:; 0 0 �QUARTERLY B ULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL O F LAW. CONTENTS OF NO. r- MA Y, 1903. PAGE Views of Northwestern University Building and Views of Law School Rooms - - Frontispiece Calendar of Session for 1903---04 - 2 Revised List of Faculty for 1903 3 Revised List of Courses for 1903 Address on Corporation By-Laws, by Louis Boisot, Jr. - - 5 15 List of Students for 1903 26 Description of the New Quarters of the School 33 Revised List of Alumni Secretaries for 1903 38 Rules for Admission to the Bar of Illinois 41 Entered at the post-office at Chicago, lll. , as second-class matter. �CALENDAR. 1903- September 21, Monday, September 22, Tuesday, September September November December 23, 24, 26, 19, 1904. Wednesday, Thursday, Thursday, Saturday, January, 4, Monday, January 28, February ,, February 6, February 8, February 12, May 22, May 27, June 17, Thursday, Monday, Saturday, Monday; Friday, Saturday, Thursday, Thursday, Registration Day for New Students. Registration Day for Applicants for Advanced Standing. Registration Day for Other Students. Lectures Begin. Thanksgiving Recess. Lectures Close for Christmas Recess . Christmas Recess Ends, Begin. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. Lincoln's Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement. 2 Lectures �REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY FOR 1903.* EDMUND JANES JAMES, Ph.D., LL. D. President of the University. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, (A . M., LL. B ., Harvard University) Professor of Law and Dean of the Faculty. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD, (LL. D., Northwestern University) Emeritus Professor of Law. NATHANIEL CLINTON SEARS. (A. M ., Amherst College; LL. D. , Northwestern University) Professor in tlie Law of Procedure and Practice. CHARLE'S CHENEY HYDE, (A. M .. Yale University; LL. B., Harvard University) Assistant Professor o.f Law. ALBERT MARTI KALES, (A. B., LL. B .. Harvard University) Assistant Professor of Law. SAMUEL ADAMS, (A. B., Harvard University; LL.B., Northwestern University) Professor in tlze Law of Procedure and Practz'ce. JOHN HE 1 RY SHELDON LEE, (A. B., Harvard University; LL. B., Northwestern University) Assistant Professor in tlze Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE, (A. B. , Amherst College; LL. B., Northwestern Univers ity) Assistant Professor of Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD, (A. M., LL. B. , H arvard University) Professor of Law. LOUIS MAY GREELEY, (A B., Harvard University) Professor in the Law of Conveyancing. WILLIAM MEADE FLETCHER, (L L . B., University of Virginia) Professor in the Law of Equity Pleading and Practz'ce. • Arranged. with the exception of President and Dean, within each group in t he order of seniority of appointment. 3 �4 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. LEVI HARPER FULLER, (B. S., Upper Iowa University; LL. B., Iowa State University) Professor in the Law of Procedure and Practice. FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD, (A. M., Dickinson College; LL. M., Cornell University) Professor of Law. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Patents. WILLIAM H. DYRENFORTH, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Professor in the Law of Patent Practice. OTTO RAYMOND BARNETT, {LL. B., Northwestern University) Assoc£ate Professor in the Law of Patents. LESTER LE GRAND BOND, Lecturer on Trade-Mark and Copyright. HON. PETER STENGER GROSSCUP, (A. M., Wittenberg College; LL. B .. Boston University; LL. D., Knox and Wittenberg Colleges; Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals) Lecturer on International Law. LOUIS LEE DENT, (A. B., Harvard University; Missouri University} Lecturer on Mortgages and on Genera Practice. CHARLES BYRD ELDER, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Extraordinary Legal Remedies and on Judgments. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE, (A. B., Harvard Universi_!y; LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Legal l:!,lhics. HENRY CLAY HALL, ( B. S., Wabash College; LL. B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Insurance. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY, (LL. B., Northwestern University) Secretary of the Law School and of tlie Faculty. �REVISED COURSES OF INSTRUCTION FOR 1903. FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM. Contracts - Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Torts - Three hours a week. Ames' and Smith's Cases on Torts. Professor WrGMORE. Property (J) - Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. I, II. (Personal property; tenures and estates in real property ; fixtures, profits, easements, covenants running with land, rents.) Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading and Procedure - Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Pleading; Andrews' Stephen on Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Crimes and Criminal Procedure - Two hours a week. Beale's Cases on Criminal Law. Professor LEE. SECOND TERM. Contracts (continued)-Th ree hours a week. Professor WOODWARD. Toi-ts (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor WIGMORE. Property (I) ( continued) -Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading and Procedure (continued) - One hour a week. Lectures and practical exercises. Professor ADAMS. Master and Serv ant in Tort-One hour a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor W1GMORE. Damages - One hour a week. Beale's Cases on Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM. Evidence-Two hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Evidence, 2d edition. Professor WIGMORE. Trusts - Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Trusts. Professor WOODWARD. Af[ency - Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor LITTLE. 5 �6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Commercial Paper-Three hours a week. Ames' Cases on Bills and Notes. Professor HYDE. Equity ( I) - Torts. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity, Vol. I. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property ( II)-Two hours a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. III, IV. (Acquisition of real property inter vivos, including deeds, covenants, etc.; devolution of property at death, including descent, wills, administration, etc.) Professor KALES. Equity Pleading and Procedure -Two hours a week. Fletcher on Equity Pleading; and practical exercises. Professor FLETCHER. Persons (Domestic Relat£ons)-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Persons. Professor KALES. Extraordinary Legal Remedies (Mandamus, Quo Warranto, Habeas Corpus, etc.)- One hour a week. Mr. ELDER. SECOND TERM. Evidence (continued) - Two hours a week. Professor WIG MORE. Property (Ii) (continued) - Two hours a week. Professor KALES. Equity (II)- Specific Performance, etc. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity, Vol. II. Professor SCHOFIELD. [ Given in 1()03-1()04 and alternate years.] Equity (III) - Sundry Topics. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity, Vol. III. Professor SCHOFIELD. [ Omitted in 1903-1()04 and alternate years.] Bankruptcy - Two hours a week. Williston's Cases on Bankruptcy. Professor WOODWARD. Quasi-Contracts-Two hours a week. Keener's Cases on QuasiContracts. Professor WOODWARD. Sales of Personalty - Two hours a week. Williston's Cases on Professor WOODWARD. Sales. Carriers - Three hours a week . McClain's Cases on Carriers; Beale's Cases on Carriers. Professor HYDE. [Omitted in 1()03-1904 and alternate years.] Admiralty and Marine Insitrance - Three hours a week. Professor HYDE. [ Given in 1903- 1904 and alternate years.] Judgments and Auxiliary Legal Remedies (Attachment, Garnishment, Execution, etc.) - One hour a week. Rood's Cases on Attachments and Judgments. Mr. ELDER. Insurance (Fire and Life ) -Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Insurance. Mr. HALL. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure and Practice in Illinois - Two hours a week. Professor SEARS. International Law (/)-Two hours a week. Scott's Cases on International Law. Professor HYDE. Suretyshij) - Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Suretyship. Professor LITTLE. Constitutional Law-Two hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Jurisdictz"on of Federal Courts-One hour a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (III)-Tw,o hours a week. Gray ' s Cases on Property, Vols. V, VI. (Conditional and future interests; restraints on alienation; fraudulent transfers; registration of deeds; conversion and election; joint ownership; curtesy and dower; homestead.) Professor KALES. Conveyancing-One hour a week. Drafting exercises, study of selected abstracts, and lectures on practice. Professor GREELEY. Conflict of Laws - Two hours a week. Beale's Cases on Conflict Professor HYDE. of Laws. JJ1'ortgages - Two hours a week. Kirchwey's Cases on Mortgages. Mr. DENT. Code Pleading and Procedure - One hour a week. Cases on Code Pleading. Professor WOODWARD. Practice Court - Two hours a week, at a single session. Causes prepared and conducted through all details of litigation, by students as attorneys and counselors, under the direction of a professor as judge. Professor FULLER. * Patents of Invention (I) -General survey. Five lectures. Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II and Ill will not be given, unless at least twenty special students apply for them before October 15. (//) - Patent Soliciting. Twenty lectures, with practical exercises. Professor DYRENFORTH. (Ill ) - Patent Law and Practice. Forty lectures. Professor BARNETT. *These three form a single course; the first part is open to all students: the second and third parts are open to students of the second and third years, and to special students , but cannot be taken separately . The number of lectures is equivalent to two hours a week through the year, and work in the course will therefore be credited as lour term hours. �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SECOND TERM. Corporations (continued) -Two hours a week. Professor LITTLE. Procedure and Practice in Illinois (continued)- Two hours a week. Professor SEARS. Constt'tutional Law (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. Conveyancing (continued)-One hour a week. Professor GREELEY. Conflict of Laws (continued) - Two hours a week. Professor HYDE. Practt'ce Court ( continued)-Two hours a week, at a single session. Professor FULLER. Patents of Invention (continued). Professor BARNETT. Property (III) (continued) -Two hours a week. · Professor KALES. International Law (II)-American Treaties and Diplomacy; topics for research. Two hours a week. Professor HYDE. Municipal Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Municipal Corporations. PartnersldjJ-Two hours a week. Professor SCHOFIELD. Ames' Cases on Partnership. Professor LITTLE. The total number of term hours offered for selection in this curriculum is one hundred and eleven, the equivalent of nearly fifty-six hours a week through the year. The courses being graded as carefully as possible between the three year-groups, no first-year student may take courses in the second or third year-groups without special permission; and no second year student may take courses in the thirdyear group (except Constitutional Law and Patents of Invention) without special permission ; and a third-year student taking the courses of Conveyancing and Property Ill must already have taken the courses of Property I and II. But any regular student may take any course offered in the group of the year for which he is entered, or any course not al ready taken by him in a preceding year. COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE. Trade-Marks and Copyrights - Six lectures. Mr. BOND. General Review - Five hours a week for a month; given twice, in September and April, prior to the State examination for admission to the bar. Mr. DENT . .International Law and Policy - One or more lectures. Judge GROSSCUP. Legal Ethics-Five lectures. Mr. FOLLANSBEE. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 9 SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. In addition to the systematic instruction in the body of the law, as represented in the foregoing curriculum, an effort is .made to provide adequate training in the practical use of legal knowledge and discipline, as well as in certain important details of legal writing and speaking, which help materially to equip the accomplished lawyer. The various branches of work directed to this end are as follows: I. Pleadings - In the courses on Common Law Pleading, Code Pleading, and Equity Pleading, in addition to the systematic course of study, the student is given exercises in the drafting of the various kinds of pleadings. 2. Conveyancing - In the course on conveyancing the chief material of the work consists in a series of selected abstracts of title, some twenty-five in all, representing the greatest variety of docu ments and proceedings involving property rights. A separate copy of each abstract is placed in the hands of every member of the class, and a detailed study is made of the various matters of form and substan~e from the conveyancer's point of view. Thorough work in this course ought to equip the student as a practical conveyancer at the time of his entering upon his profession. No one may take this course who has not already taken the courses Property I and II. 3. Practice Court- In the several courses of lectures on Procedure and Practice a systematic and detailed survey is taken of the rules of law. In the Practice Court an opportunity is given to the third-year students to become practically familiar with these rules by the personal application of them in litigation managed by the student himself. The Court's sessions are held weekly, on Thursday evenings, for two hours. During each session from one to three cases are tried, with and without a jury; and other cases are disposed of in various aspects. In the mean time, between the sessions, numbers of causes are being prepared and advanced from stage to stage by the student-attorneys in charge. While the proceedings are dispatched, at the hearings, by the respective attorneys, all other members of the class are required to attend and make notes and reports of the work being done, so that each one obtains some benefit also from what is done in his presence by others. A faithful observance of the work of this course ought to give the graduate such an experience in using his legal knowledge as will assist him materially to start in his profession with greater readiness and practical facility. The systematic pursuit of such work und.e r an experienced instructor obtains for the student the same results �IO NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. as a period of desultory service in a law office, and is more economical in time and more thorough and accurate in quality. A copy of the printed Rules of the Practice Court will be mailed to any one upon request. 4. Legal Tactics - In 1902-1903, on every Monday evening until April, an address was given, by some well-known member of the Bar, upon some topic of practice in which he had had special experience, and in which the communication of personal experience was of special value as a guide to others. This course was of particular value to young practitioners already at the Bar, and will be repeated in 1903- 1904, with some variations. The BULLETIN for February, 1903, contained two of these addresses, selected as typical; the current number contains a third. 5. Public Speaking - The function of a lawyer, as the persuasive adviser and leader of men, needs for its development some training in oral argument and debate, use of the voice, conduct of meetings, and the like. Such a course of training was offered in 1902- 1903, in the following three parts : (a) Argument and Debate. An exercise of two hours once in two weeks through the first term, conducted by Professor J. Scott Clark, of the College of Liberal Arts. (b) Voice Training. An exercise of one hour once a week through the first term, in a class of two sections, meeting altern ately, conducted by Mr. Dennis, of the Cumnock School of Oratory. (c) Parliamentary Practice. An exercise of one hour, once a week through the first term, conducted by Professor Joseph W. Robert, of the Robert School of Parliamentary Law. This course in Public Speaking will be open to all students. The Towle Prizes are open only to students who take the course in Public Speaking. 6. Thesis - It is the desire of the Faculty to encourage original research by students, Any member of the third-year class may therefore obtain credit to an amount not exceeding two term hours by presenting a satisfactory thesis upon some legal topic approved by a member of the Faculty before December 1st. The thesis must be presented on or before May 15th of the year in which the student expects to graduate; it must be printed on the typewriter or otherwise, and is to be kept permanently in the school. The work should be begun not later than December. The Lee prize is awarded for the best thesis. 7. Moot Courts and Briefs - For the purpose of training students in .the independent investigation of legal questions, and in the preparations of briefs, Moot Courts are held weekly from October to April. Each member of the second-year class is required to take part as coun- �THE LAW SCHOOL. I I sel at least three times, and to sit as judge in other cases. The Courts are cond.ucted by means of clubs, which select their own members. A professor presides at each session. Credit for one term hour is given for work satisfactorily done therein. TUITION FEES. The tuition fee for regular students is one hundred and five dollar a year, payable in three installments of thirty-five dollars each, October 1st, January roth, and April 1st. A rebate of five dollars is allowed to students who pay the entire tuition in advance on October 1st. Special students are charged at the rate of five dollars for each hour of class-room work for a half year. The fee for the course in Patent Law is twenty-five dollars. PRIZES. The Towle Prizes.-A first prize of Sroo, and a second prize of $50, the gift of Henry Sargent Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law School Committee of the Board of Trustees, will be awarded to the members of the class of Professors Robert and Dennis, who shall, in public competition at the completion of the course in public speaking, be adjudged most proficient in the work of the course. In the event of more than thirty candidates entering the preliminary competition a third prize will probably be offered. These prizes are open only to those who take the course of training under Professors Robert and Dennis. In 1902-1903 the Towle Prize was awarded t0 Amos Strickland, of the first year class. 2. The Lee Prize.-A prize of fifty dollars, the gift of Blewett Lee, Esq., formerly professor in the School, will be awarded in 1902-1903, to that member of the graduating class who presents the best thesis; but the Faculty reserve the right not to award this prize if no thesis should be presented having sufficient merit to justify this distinction. 3. The Callaghan Prize.-A pri ze of fifty dollars in books, to be selected from their own publications, the gift of Messrs. Callaghan and Company, of Chicago, will be awarded annually to the member of the graduating class having the best record in scholarship for the entire course. In 1902 the Callaghan Prize was awarded to Charles Yoe Freeman, A.B., of Chicago. I. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons applying for admission as regular students must answer the following requirements: �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 12 Age-They must be not less than eighteen years of ~ge. Preliminary Education-A candidate for a degree must have a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school. For the proof of such education required, see page 42. 3. Time of Entrance- No applicant not coming from another law school will be admitted to the first-year class after the second week in January, for the reason that the courses of study are carefully graded, and an acquaintance with earlier courses is necessary for the pursuit of the later ones. Those who do not enter by the beginning of January cannot work with profit to themselves, and are a hindrance to the progress of others. All students intending to enter the school are strongly urged to do so at the beginning of the year. The disadvantage of delay is great, especially to students who intend to practice law in Illinois. 1. 2. ADVANCED STANDING. The requirements in regard to advanced standing are explained under the title "Degrees." • SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons not desiring to be candidates for a degree may pursue one or more courses as special students, provided they are qualified to pursue such courses to advantage. They will receive a certificate of all work done, and they may at any time enter as candidates for a degree, provided they are qualified under the above requirements. No special student may take more than twenty-five term-hours of work in one year without special permission from the Dean. DEGREES. All degrees are conferred at the general University Commencement. On this occasion all candidates for degrees are required to present themselves in person, the Oxford cap and gown being worn as the official dress. I. BACHELOR OF LAWS. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who 'are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School. Such students will be recommended as, in the judgment of the Faculty, �THE LAW SCHOOL. are of fit charact!'!r and have complied with the following requirements: I. Attendance - Regular attendance for three years is required of all students with the following exceptions: I. Students who have studied law for one year, either in a college, a law school, or an attorney's office,* may obtain a degree in two years; but students who are admitted to advanced standing because of studies pursued in an attorney's office must pass all of the , examinations in the work of the first year in this school before applying for a degree. 2. Students who have satisfactorily completed two years' study in a law school in good standing may obtain a degree in one year. 3. Students who have satisfactorily completed one year's study in a law school in good standing, and who have also studied law for one year either in a college, a law school, or an attorney's office,* may become candidates for a degree in one year by obtaining special permission from the Dean. II. Registration-Candidates for a degree must register for work amounting to at least ten hours a week for each year. III. Course of Study - All candidates for a degree must pass examinations in courses amounting to sixty term-hours (the equivalent of courses of study of ten hours a week for three years); provided that in reckoning the required number of term-hours required for graduation there must be included at least ten hours of work in each term of the third year. But persons who have satisfactorily completed a two-years' course of study in a law school in good standing will be excused from one-half of the examinations above required . Persons who have satisfactorily completed less than two years' study of law in a college or law school in good standing, may be given credit for this work and be excused from these examinations to such extent as shall be determined in each case by the Dean. The specific subjects in which such credit may be given will be determined by the Secretary at the time of admission. Four grades are given for work done. The grades are as follows : A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure . A student may not count a course in which he obtains grade C, except he obtain grade A in another course or courses of equivalent amount; and except that he may count courses in which he obtains grade C to the extent of one-sixth of the total work required to be done by him in this School for graduation. * Beginning w ith 1904, no allowance will be made for study in an attorney's office, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY . II. MASTER'S DEGREE. The Master's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters will be conferred under the following conditions: A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or of some other in which the requirements for the Bachelor's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science, or Letters are equivalent to the requirements for the same degree at this University, may obtain the Master's degree at the same time , with the degree of Bachelor of Laws by pursuing, with the sanction of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, advanced work iu subjects approved by that Faculty, and obtaining credit in such work to the amount of twelve semester-hours; and by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses of study may, in part or entirely, deal with legal subjects; but courses of legal study, in order to count for the degree, must be (a) of an advanced nature; (b) not otherwise counted for the degree of Bachelor of Laws; (c) pursued under the direction of a member of the Faculty of the Law School. Students in law, intending to become candidates for the Master's de gree, must register for the same in the College of Liberal Arts and in the Law School on or before the first Monday in October of the year in which they expect to graduate, and must pay the diploma fee of ten dollars. The Master's degree is open upon the same terms tb graduates of the Law School who register before the October next following the completion of their professional course. The following subjects have been approved by the Faculty of Liberal Arts, and work therein may be counted for the Master's degree : Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS. Six assistant librarians and monitors are appointed annually. These receive free tuition in compensation fo~ their services. Applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of the Law School. �CORPORATION BY-LAWS.* Corporation by-laws may be briefly defined as the regulations, ordinances, and rules adopted by a corporation for its own government. This is the American definition of the word. Ih the English reports it means what we term municipal ordinances. You must be careful in your studies to remember this meaning as used in the English cases. To-night I am speaking from the American point of view. Jt is an inherent right in every corporation to enact by-laws. Blackstone says that that right goes back to the Roman law and the Twelve Tables. Usually in the statutes regarding corporations it is provided that the corporation may pass by-laws. But without that the corporation has an inherent right to enact by-laws, whether it is so specified in the charter or not. In this State it may enact by-laws not inconsistent with the laws of the State, and this is the right given generally in any case. This right is the right to enact reasonable by-laws. Some corporations have what they call a constitution. It is not ex~ctly a charter, and in the opinion of the corporations is regarded as somewhat more safe than by-laws. Really, however, this is nothing more than by-laws, under another name. The charter is really the constitution of the corporation. Anything provided after that is in effect nothing more nor less than a code of by-laws. Therefore such constitutions as that of the Royal Arcanum are really by-laws, not a constitution as named. By-laws may be distinguished from municipal ordinances, because the latter are binding upon eve rybody within the municipality, regardless of who they are, while the corporation by-laws are binding only by consent, that is, upon those who by express or implied consent have agreed to them. They are of permanent use for the regulation of the corporate affairs. For example, a street car company adopts a code for the regulation of the conduct of its drivers and motormen. These rules are not by-laws for the direction of the company itself. It is not essential that a corporation should have by-laws. At the same time it is important that they should have. Many small corporations are organized without them, but sooner or later they are apt to get into trouble. An illustration occurred in my practice • An address delivered in the course on Legal Tactics, Monday evening, October 13, 1902. 15 �16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. some years ago. It was the case of a man who had a private business which he incorporated, made himself and two cle rks the three directors, and sta rted in doing business as a corporation without by-laws. Things went along for a yea r or two, business began to lose, and he found that it was not profitable, and wanted to sell it. He had nothing left but his stock of goods. He was not the corporation, and could not sell the entire corporation himself, the clerks had gone, he had no board of directors, and he was thoroughly helpless. Had he had by-laws, he might have called the directors together, filled vacancies, and given a uthority to se ll. H e sold at a very great sacrifice because of the cloud upon the titl e which he conveyed. This illustrates the difficulty of a corporation without by-laws. It is in a very helpless and unsafe condition. There are a good many matte rs in the Illinois sta tutes which should be regulated by by-laws. Directors should be provided for by the by-laws; vaca ncies in the directors should be filled in a ccordance with the by-laws. If you have no by-laws you have no way of doing these things. The adoption of by-laws is the next point I wish to speak of. They are ordinarily in writing. Some old English cases show that th ey ma y be in custom, not in writing. This may be tru e, but it is very rare at the present day, for to-day most corporations have their by-laws in writing. Certainly they ought to be in writing. Some statutes provide that they shall be under seal. This is not the law in Illinois. Sometimes it is required that they be record ed. Ordinarily under most statues it is sufficient, if the corporation adopt by-laws, to place them on the minutes. This is the natural place for them. The next question is, who should adopt them. In the absence of statutory or charter provision, they must be adopted by the members of the corporation, the stockholders. But in some States, as in Illinois, it is provided that they shall be adopted by th e directors. In Colorado they may be by the directors, but if not, then by the corporation. So the first thing to find out is what body passes the by-laws. If the right is given to the directors, then the stockholders have no right to do it. However, the law looks at the essential instead of the external; and where the same persons are both directors and stockholders, and they meet and adopt by-Jaws, they will be held valid and binding by-laws, although they misnamed themselves. This has occurred in two cases where they were held good. In the same way where the directors were present at a stockholders' meeting, and agreed to them, that was held good where th e right to pass them rested with the directors. There are two exceptions in this State to the rule of the directors passing the by-laws. �THE LAW SCHOOL. These exceptions are railroad corporations and building and loan associations. These must be adopted by the corporations themselves, and they must be recorded. It has been held, moreover, that by-laws may be adopted by ratification. A case arises sometimes like this, where a savings bank has printed in its pass-book a code of by-laws which they never have formally adopted, but they have acted on them and represented them as the by - laws, and they will be held to be their by-laws by ratification. The proper way, however, is to put them in the minutes. The directors or stockholders may adopt by-laws at any regular meeting, and a quorum only is necessary. The entire corporation need not be present. The general rule is, as you are aware, that corporations can perform a corporate act only in the State in which they are chartered. Adoption of by-laws is a corporate act, so that the by-laws cannot be adopted outside of the State. This is important to remember to-day, because in many cases corporations are being chartered under the laws of other States than our own, especially in New Jersey. I know of one case where an Illinois corporation adopted by-laws in ew York, and they were held to be not good. The next question is that of the subject matter of by-laws. There are four general rules in regard to the subject matter of by-laws. First, they must conform to the law. Second, they must conform to the charter. Third, they must be reasonable. Fourth, they must be germane to the object for which the corporation is organized. Taking them up in order, they must first conform to the law, not only the law of the State in which it is organized, but also the common law, the law of the United States; and, so far as it affects the corporation, the Constitution of the United States and the Constitution of the state. A by-law taking away property without due process of law would be unconstitutional. Second, they must conform• to the charter. This is to the corporation what the Constitution is to the State, and the by-laws are similar to the statues. So, therefore, the by-laws must obey the charter. There is one exception to the rule, however, and that is where the charter, which is ordinarily drawn by the corporators themselves, and frequently contains illegal provisions. In this case they must bow to the law of the State. Third, they must be reasonable. In that respect the same rule applies that applies to ordinances of municipalities. They must be reasonable, or they are not bindi11g upon the members of the corporation. This is really a provision of the common law, and there are a great many cases in the books as to what are unreasonable by-laws. It is impossible to lay down any general rule �r8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Sometimes the same by-law is reasonable in one jurisdiction and unreasonable in another. One queer case is that of a by-law providing for treating the members of the corporation to dinner at the expense of the officers, and that was held void. Special provisions of the by-laws. Of course the attorney drawing the by-laws will first go through the statute book and see every reference made to the by-laws in the statutes, and take care that his by-laws do cover all these points. You will not find in Illinois that these provisions are grouped together in one place. They are scattered around and are pretty well hidden away. You must look well for all of them. One of the most important provisions treated in the by-laws is the question of stockholders' meetings. These must be held, and the by-laws should provide when they should be held, giving a time, place, and provision for notice, unless the statute does it. When the statute does this then of course the by - -l aws need not; but if they do then they must only repeat the statute, except that they may give longer notice, but not less than the statute provides. Provisions for general meetings and special meetings; how these may be called. This is provided for by statute in this State. The by-laws might provide that a smaller number of stockholders should call a meeting, or that the president may call. In drawing the by-laws you must of course consult your client's wishes in the matter. When by- laws provide that a meeting shall be held upon a certain day of the month, it is always well to put in a provision that if the day mentioned falls upon Sunday the meeting may occur upon the succeeding day. In drawing by-laws for a corporation, where it is a small one, you must remember that they won't have an attorney at each meeting, so the by-laws must be clear and easily understood. You may not be there to explain them to the directors or stockholders. Then at these stockholders' meetings not all of the stock will be present, consequently the by- laws should provide what shall constitute a quorum. At common law a majority was not essential. The common law provision was that stockholders may allow at an election those who have a right to vote, and a quorum is not a particular number. But to-day _it is usually provided that a certain number shall constitute a quorum, and in many cases a majority is required to make a quorum. It might be wise in some cases to make it larger. I would advise you not to make it too high, because you may find when the time comes that it is hard to get a large number present. Ordinarily a majority is sufficient. As to absent members. The right of voting by proxy is usually given. Originally there was a little doubt as to the right to vote �THE LAW SCHOOL. by proxy; but to-day it is settled, by decision in Illinois certainly, that the members may vote by proxy. To avoid uncertainty, however, the by-laws should provide how the proxy shall be given. It should be in writing, or it may be required to be under seal; but at any rate it should be provided just how this should be done . Very often the by-laws provide for an order of business at stockholders' meetings, so that there should be no doubt what shall be done and how it shall be done. This operates to prevent the omission of any important matter. As to the directors. · The by-laws sometimes make provision for the number of directors. It is unnecessary, however, to do this in Illinois, because the number of directors in this State is fixed by the charter. This is true in most States. Where the charter does not so provide the by-laws should provide for this, and the term of office and the manner of electing. As to filling vacancies. Our statute provides that it shall be done according to the by-laws. It is important therefore that this should be provided for by the by-laws, or there would be no way whatever of filling the vacancy. This may be done in various ways; but some provision, at any rate, should be put in. General qualifications of directors. In this State and in many others the directors need not be stockholders; but it certainly is much better that they should be. It is a common error in this State to think that a director must be a stockholder. Certainly it is a very wise provision that he should be, and it should be put into the by-laws. If you wish your directors to have a salary that should be put into the by-laws by a proper provision. In most small corporations they generally have no salary; in large ones in many cases they receive five dollars or ten dollars for every meeting they attend. If you wish to make such an allowance, provision should be made in the by-laws. Provision for meetings of the directors should be made in the by-laws. In many cases of small corporations, where they do not care to have the bother of frequent meetings, they have them once in six months. But this is a mistake. There should be a meeting once a month; for it will do no harm if they do get together certainly every month; but if yciu should have some really important business coming up, the directors won't have to wait five or six months. or in the cases of some corporations having yearly meetings of the directors, eight or nine months or more. Of course in such a case the thing to do would be to call a special meeting, and this again is another important thing to be provided for in the by-laws. Provision should be made as to how such a meeting can be called, and what notice must be given. �20 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. The by-laws should provide what constitutes a quorum of the directors. In the absence of a provision in the by-laws a majority is a quorum. New York allows a smaller number than a majority to constitute a quorum. It is better, however, to have it in the by-laws. There should also be a provision for an order of business for the director's meetings, so as to have some means of carrying along the business in an orderly fashion. Officers of a corporation and their duties should be fixed by the by-laws: It is a good plan not to have too many officers in the case of a small corporation; but the nature of the corporation determines that in most cases. The ordinary officers are the president, vice-president, secretary and treasurer, and possibly a general manager. In many cases the latter is an employee, not an officer. This depends upon the individual case, however. You may wish to have the officers all directors or stockholders. In order to make this arrangement you should put it into your by-laws so that th ere may be no dispute. Sometimes one man may not hold two offices. If that is to be the policy of your company there should be put into the by-laws a provision to that effect. This settles any dispute that might be. The most important office in the corporation is of course that of the president, and he has very large powers, and the powers are very different in different kinds of corporations. In enumerating these powers I would caution you not to put in too many details. Where your officers are well known it would be better simply to say that those officers shall perform the duties ordinarily devolving upon officers of that name. But if you wish to enume rate, be sure to put in every power you wish them to assume, for by enumerating some and omitting others you may deprive them of some powers you wish them to exercise. In a case where the president really owns the corporation, ow ns a very large part of the stock, then it would be well to give him very large powers, providing that in the absence of a meeting of the directors he may take such action as he sees fit. But in a case where the president was, say, a promoter, and the money was put in by others, then in such a case it would be better that he have very limited powers. Take the question of borrowing money. If he is the chief stockholder, then he might naturally have the right to borrow money without the authority of the directors. But in a different sort of a corporation it might be better that he should not borrow money at all without authority, or only certain sums, and not to exceed them. It would be a wise provision of the by-laws that the treasurer should give bonds. But these matters are all matters of detail to be �THE LAW SCHOOL. 21 settled by your clients in each case. As to the bonds, you might say that the officers shall give bonds as required by the directors. The term of office of the directors must be regulated by the bylaws. You must provide for this in your by-laws in this State. The question of stock is regulated by the by-laws. The amount is fixed by the charter, but the by-laws may provide for many important points concerning the stock: the form of the certificate, by whom to be signed, and provisions as to transfer. The law in this State provides that the stock shall be transferred as provided by the bylaws. If you have no by-laws, there is no way of transferring the stock. The ordinary provision is that the shares should be transferred on the books of the company. This is rather blind, but often the transfer is by an assignment like this: "I hereby transfer, assign, sell, and set over the within stock to - --, and authorize - - - to transfer the same on the books of the corporation." Where such a provision is made by the by-laws the stock is really not transferred until the written assignment is made on the books of the company. Where there is preferred and common stock the by-laws often make provision about that. Where the corporation has existed you cannot change common stock into prderred without the consent of the stockholders. That must be by unanimous resolution of the stockholders. The proper place to provide as to preferred stock, as to the rate of interest and the time for payment, is in the by-laws. Transfers are often annoying to the officers of the corporation. The by-laws seldom provide for this as they should. Suppose a holder of stock dies. The title devolves immediately by operation of law upon his administrator or executor, and they have the right to have the stock transferred to their own name on the books of the corporation, but in the absence of a by-law provision as t.:> how the corporation shall learn who is the administrator or executor much delay and confusion results. Sometimes the officers will take the word of an attorney upon it. This is not right. It should be provided that in the case of death of any stockholder that the stock may be transferred to the administrator by leaving with the secretary a certified copy of the letters of administration, or a certified copy of the will and the letters of administration. Then you have in your office the written evidence of his right to receive the stock. Another case is where the certificates have been lost. You are helpless, perhaps, because your stock has been burned or lost. You own the stock, but you have nothing to show for it. You have the right to go to the company and demand a new certificate. But you must make an affidavit and give security. It would be a very good provision to put in the by-laws just what shall be done in this case. It is easier to obtain the proper affidavits, etc., when there is �22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. such a provision in the by-laws. This would make it easier for the secretary to know what to do. There should also be a provision in that respect that notice should be given of loss, and a period of time allowed to lapse before issuance of the new certificates of stock, so as to give opportunity to find the old certificate if possible. As to paid-up stock. In many cases it is not all paid-up stock. It is subscribed for, but not paid up. In such a case your by-laws should provide how these instalments should be called in, possibly that ten per cent. should be paid in each year, or as called for by the directors There should be some provisions in the by-laws as to how this should be done. There should be some provision for enforcing these calls Suppose a man refuses or fails to pay. There should be a proviso in the by-laws to compel him to do so. Sometimes it is allowed to be forfeited. But you should be careful not to have it forfeited directly, but you must have the stock sold, apply the receipts upon the subscription, and then the balance should go to the subscriber. This is required by our statute, and should be put in the by-laws. Another point sometimes covered is the question of a lien upon stock for debts due from members of the corporation. This applies usually in cases of banks and corporations that lend money. The provision is valid, and bas been held good ever since 1723, when Lord Macclesfield held such a provision valid. But in that case you should put on the back of the certificate some notice of that provision, either the by-law printed in full, or an abstract of it. Sometimes the by-laws attempt to restrict the transfer of the stock. This is most frequently found in small corporations where they want to keep the stock within a certain set or clique. It is sometimes provided that it shall only be transforred to other stockholders, or only with the consent of the directors or stockholders. The legality of these restrictions is doubtful. Be very careful in putting in such a provision to see what your own statute says about it. There has been no decision in Illinois upon this point. In Wisconsin it cannot be done. These restrictions are not ordinarily in favor, but are generally regarded as in restraint of trade. A very proper provision in the by-laws is in regard 'to the corporate seal and place of business and things of that kind. There are many provisions that might be put into the by-laws. Suppose, for instance, that the statute provides that a certain notice shall be given of all meetings. It is perfectly proper to incorporate this in the by-laws. In such case the directors, if they have not the statutes handy, will follow the statutes while obeying their own by-laws. There is danger, however, of putting them in. Officers and members of the corporation may see these provisions, and think they are only by-laws, and that they have a right to change them, and wipe them out altogether. �THE LAW SCHOOL. ' 'I I It would be well therefore to say that certain by-laws, being merely recitals of the statute, cannot be amended by the corporation. By-laws often make provision as to how contracts shall be entered into, who shall sign them, etc. It is often necessary to insert provisions for enforcing the by-laws, as by a penalty for non-payment of assessments. It is frequently done by fine, and this is proper if the fine is reasonable. The only way the fine could be collected would be by legal action or by making the fine a lien upon the stock. It might also be enforced by expelling a member from the corporation . This could apply only to cases of fraternal corporations or organizations of that sort, or associations like the Board of Trade or incorporated colleges. They might also provide for expulsion for non-observance of the by-laws. But these must be reasonable, and the member must be tried by a competent tribunal of the corporation. Amendment and repeal of the by-laws. The general rule is that a body that adopts by-laws can amend or repeal them. There are two exceptions to that in Illinois. One is in the case of associations not for pecuniary profit, like colleges and churches. There is a curious provision in our statute to the effect that the by-laws may be adopted by the directors or trustees, and having been so adopted may be added to, but not amended, by the corporation itself at any regular meeting. The other exception is where many of these associations have adopted by-laws at the time they incorporated and they were included in the articles of association. It has been held by our Supreme Court that they could not be altered at all, as they were really a part of the charter. This is an exception to the general rule that they may be amended. The law of 1893, however, expressly provided for the amending of corporation by-laws. Usually they provide how they should be amended, and limit the right to amend. This is a very proper provision to put in, but it is to be construed in connection with the law. Take the case of a building and loan association, where the by-laws provided that they might be amended, but the Supreme Court said they could not be amended or repealed by any provision of this kind, though they could be amended or repealed by the directors. Where you put in a provision of that kind make it that they cannot be amended except by unanimous vote, whereas a majority vote would adopt it. As long as that by-law stands, the directors could not amend any other by-law except by unanimous vote, but there would be nothing to prevent their first repealing that by-law and then doing as they please with the others. They could first repeal or amend that by-law by a majority vote, and then change the others to suit themselves. Even where it is not formally repealed or amended it may be waived in a particular �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. instance, and that waiver may take place even when there is a provision against waiver in the by, laws themselves. This comes up most frequently in mutual benefit associations like the Royal Arcanum. Suppose you issue a policy contrary to the by-laws. They cannot set up the by-laws as vitiating the policy, because the issuance of the policy has waived the by-law. They are construed as contracts are. They are construed together like statutes, if possible, so that they will stand. Penal provisions will be construed strictly in the same way that penal statutes are. The construction of the by-laws is for the court, and not for the jury, except where the provisions are ambiguous, in which case some States say that the jury shall first say what the by-laws mean, and the court shall then apply it. There was a curious case in Pennsylvania, where enlistment in the regular ilrmy worked a forfeiture. The member enlisted in the volunteer army, and the court adopted a very strict construction of the by-law on the theory that it was unpatriotic. A by-law like this often comes up: "No salary shall be paid except to the secretary." This would not of itself give the secretary a salary. This would merely authorize the directors to vote him a salary. The effect of by-laws depends upon consent. They are binding upon the corporation, and can be relied upon by the corporation in all its transactions. They are binding upon the directors, who are chargeable with notice of them. They are binding on the officers whether they are members or not. They are binding upon the members because they have consented to them. They are binding upon third persons only in case they have expressly or constructively consented to them. Suppose a by-law provides that no employee shall be employed for more than one year. An officer is employed for longer than a year, and the employment is held to be void because the officer is presumed to know that the contract was in violation of the by-laws, and therefore void. But where the person employed is not an officer or a stock holder, then the corporation would be bound because this third person would not be held to have consented, not having bad notice of the by-law. He might have known of course, but in the absence of any evidence that this was the fact, the corporation would be bound to pay him for his full time. But where an employee was employed for life it was held not valid, because he must have known that this was not in accordance with the by-laws of the corporation. The enforcement of the by-laws is an interesting subject. They are enforced by fine, sometimes by expulsion. There cannot be a double punishment. You cannot fine a man for not doing a certain thing, and then punish him for not paying the fine. This bas often �THE LAW SCHOOL. 25 been attempted in corporations. It cannot be done where property rights are involved. But where no property righ ts are involved the courts will not interfere ordinarily. When by· laws come into court they must be pleaded and proved. Proof must be made by bringing the record into court. Where bylaws have been acted upon for a long time, you can still prove them by parol evidence. �LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE YEAR u102-1903 . THIRD YEAR. Baird, Tasper Arthur, Carthage. Block, Manfred Sickle, Platteville, Wis. Case, Charles Center, Clark, John W oodbury, Crafts, Harry Kent, Cherry Valley. Paw Paw. Chicago. Crilly, Oliver Dani el, Clzicago. Daly, Charles Lawrence, Deering, Thomas Gardner, Devine, John J., Dunbar, David Oweu, Chicago. Clzicago. Chicago. Center Point, Ia. Eberhardt, Alfar Maximilian Eschbach,Jesse Ernest, Chicago. Warsaw, Ind. Ferrell, Hosea V., Jr., Frank, Lee Julius, Carterville, Ill. Cltz'cago. Guthman, Roy, Headen, Thomas Moulton, Youngstown, O/tio. Shelbyville. Kahn, Tulius Maurice, Petersburg. Kay, Fred Hans, Keating, James Williams, Keep, Albert, 2d, Kidder, Royce Annan, Knapp, William Proctor, Chica!(O. Chz'cago. Chicago. Sterling. Clzicago. Kompel, Morris, Chicago. Kropf, Victor Gustav, Richland, Kas. Lamar, Clyde Park, Lee, Curtis Gillmore, Chicago. Chicago. A.fl., Carthage College. • B.L., University of Wisconsin. A.B. , University of Michigan. A.B., Harvard University. B. S., Cornell College; A.B., Columbia University. Ph. B.. tterbein College. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B. Unive rsity of lllinois. A.fl., Northwestern University. Ph.B., Iowa College. B.L., Northwestern University. A.B., Washburn College. 26 �THE LAW SCHOOL. Matthews Jacob Scott, Chi"cago. Mayer Elias, Cldcago. McKinney, Marion Hayes, Mergentheim, Morton Adolph, Cllicago. Fort Wayne, Ind. Mills, Matthew, Chicago. Murphy, Edward James, McNulta, Donald, Niles, John Addison, Odell, Benjamin Franklin Jefferson, O'Donnell, Thomas Vincent, Evanston. Chicago. Chicago. Chica.(;o. B loonzington. Peckham, Tohn Judah, Geneva. Peterson, Earle Lloyd, Phillips, Paul B., Rockford. Wl1eaton. Quinn, Leonard Daniel, Quinlan, Thomas Ambrose, Kewanee. Chicago. Rose, Charles George, Rosenberg, Hyman Rosenstone, Bertram W., Schafer, Frank Boeshair, Shaw, Toseph Laurence, Clzi"cago. Clzicago. Clticago. El Paso. Geneseo. Swigert, Harry Amos, Thomasson, Nelson, Jr., Council Bluffs, Ia. Chicago. Thomsen-von Colditz, Sandor, Todd, Leroy Levi, Van Voorst, Fred, Welch, Robert Leslie, Chicago. Milledgeville. Monticello, Ind. Des Moines, la. Whitely, Arthur Laurence, Evanston. A.B., University of Michigan. A.B ., Harvard Uni,ersity. A.B., A.M., University of Chicago. A.B., Yale University. LL.B., Indiana University. A.B., Harvard University. A.B., Wheaton College. A.B., A.M., St. Mary's University. A.M. 1 University of Wisconsin. A.B., Princeton University. A.B. University of Chicago. B.A., Williams College. Adelman, Abram, Banning, Walker, Barber, Clayton Jackson, SECOr D YEAR. Ph.B., Illinois College. Clticago. Chicago. Springfield. Bates, Alfred Ricker, Bays, Alfred William, Evanston. Enfield. Brown, Thomas Baldwin, Butler, Herbert Benjamin, Chicago. Springfield. B.S., Knox College. �28 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Campbell Herbert John, Riverside. Clark, Edwin Oliver, Wltitejield, Ind. Ter. Fairchild, Sherman DeWitt, Fischer, Henry Fred, Follett, Otis William, Grover, George Oliver, Hagens, Graddus Remley, Sullivan. Addison. Libertyville. Leland. Pella, la. Hart, Merwin Michael, Johnson, Alton Francis, Kepler, Louis Howard, Chicago. Chicago. Mt. Ver11011, Ia. Krueger Nathan L., Lang, Joseph Ignatius, Lindhout, Dingnus Kloppenburg, Louis, George L., Manierre, Louis, Clzica[[o. T¥oodstock. Chicago Heiglzts. Chicago. Chicago. Meek, Marcellus Woltz, Miller, Albert Grant, McAuley, Henry Sayes, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Rutter, Rhea Barton, Higltland Park. Sherlock, Carl Garfield, Spencer, Charles Hopkins, Riverside. Rock Island. Trude, Daniel Pearson, Wiles, Russell, Clzicago. Chicago. A.B. , University of Michigan. A.B., Central University. A.B. , Central College. Ph.B., Cornell College. A.B., Yale University. A.B., Yale University. A.B., Williams College. A.B. , Wesleyan University S.B., University of Chicago. FIRST YEAR. Best, John Henry, Boggs, Richard Lee, Bohan, Edmund Russel, Brink, Hal, Carleton, Charles Harvey, Cashel, Thomas Daniel, Cline, 1 orri s Burt, Crafts, Maurice Wilbur, Qidncy. Fafrjield. Los Angeles, Cal. Red Oak, Ia. Chicago. East St. Louis, Ill. Aj)j)!eton City, Mo . Chicago. Crumpacker, Shepard, Westville, /11d. Coman, Warren Eugene, Davis, Charles Henry, Dennis, Roger Lee, Chicago. Greeley, Ia. Traer, Iowa. Ph .B., Kenyon College. B.S., Northwestern University. �THE LAW SCHOOL. Dewes, Edwin Pierre, Chicago. Dobbin, David Dove, Theodore Clark, Downes, Earle Raymond, Egge rt, Alfred R., Ferguson, Charles, Fifer, Ernest Reynolds, Stronghurst. Slielbyville. Harva rd. Charles City, Ia. Mendota. Chicago. Fulton, Louis Reginald, Gibson City. Gannon, Edward, Geringer, John Charles, Gunther, Miss Attilia, Hamilton, Elisha Bentley, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Quincy. Helms, Otto Herbert, Herman, Charles Jacob, Hinman, Asahel Albert, Howser, Roy, Hughes, Arthur Freeman, Hupp, Frank Leslie, Johnson, Edgar, Chicago. Chz'cago. Perry. Indianola, Ia. Spi-ingjield. Long Point. South Bend, Ind. Kersten, Walter George, Kostner, Joseph Otto, Lewis, Harry Chester, Lynde, Cornelius, Chicago. Chicago. Mendota. Chicago. Mackenzie, Rex, Clii'cago. Manning, Horace Milton, May, William Green, Meusel, Oscar Moretz, Milne, William, Clticago. Evanston. Oshkosh, Wis. Arbrorath, Scotland. Murdock, Max, McKinney, Fred Landin, Osborne, Harold S., Streator. Piqua, Ohio. Chica1;0. Ott, John Nash, Cltica1;0. Pirosh, George Bertram, Putnam, Karl Frederick, Pierson, Ward Wright, Clticago. Mt. Carmel. Wilmette. Pitte, Hugo Lewis, Quitman, Walter, R osenblum, Harry Moses, Chicago. Clticago. Evanston. A. B., H arva rd University. B.S., Northern Indiana Normal College. A.B., Knox Co!Tege. A.B., Illinois College. A.B., Princeton University. A.B., Williams College. A.B., Princeton University . Arbrorath Collegiate Institute, Scotland. A.B., Williams College. B.A., Amherst College. B.S., Northwestern University. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Ryden, Otto Gustaf, Sadler, Monte Hanauer, Sargent, Jean F., Scheiner, Frank Harry, Evanston. Cairo. Hurley, S. Dak. Chicago. Schmitt, Felix Harold, Seney, Edgar F. Strickland, Amos Aaron, Swige rt, Robert Guy, Talcott, Harry Harvey, Clzicago. Clzica({O. Clzicat:o, Chicago. Chicago. Taylor, David, W ard, Charles Warner, George, Wengierski, Julius Francis, Wheklinski, John Benjamin, Williams, James Edward, Wright, Adelbert S., Jr., Cliicago. St. Joseph, Mich. Somonattk. Clz£cago. Clz£cago. Emmetsburg, Ia. Woodstock. Ph.B ., Northwestern University. A.B., University of Michigan. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Amory, E. P., Barnes, Chester Davis, Buntain, Cassius M. Clay, A.B.; A.M., LL.B. , Northwestern University. Ch£cago. Kenosha, {,Vis. , Momence. Childs, Robert, Ch£cago. Christopher, Henry Raymond, Clendenning, Thomas C., Cleveland, Frank Clayton, Chicago. Cllica.({o. Ch£cago. Cox, Howard Malcolm, Davis, Oliver Colene!, Dietz, Cyrus Edgar, Chicago. Evanston. Gilman. Dougherty, Ralph, C/licago. Drury, F. H., Eckhart, Percy, Ch£ca.({O. Chicago. Granger, Joseph I., Bourbonnais. Herbert, Lloyd, C/licago. Hollock, Roland Martin, Honneger, Peter, Chicago. Chicago. Manzy, Amon, Ch£ca({O. LL.B., Harvard University. Ph.B., University of Chicago. A.B., LL.B. , Northwestern University. 'LL.B., Harvard Universit y. LL.B., Harvard University. A.B., A.M. , St. Viateur's College. LL.B., Chicago-Kent College of Law . LL.B ., Northwestern University. LL.B., Northwestern University. �31 THE LAW SCHOOL. MacChesney, Nathan William, Clticago. McClure, Robert Samuel, Chicago. Ortseifen, George, Raltree, William, Chicago . Clticago . Rice, Cyrus W., Riley, Henry, Shervey, Charles 0., Smith, Claude vV., Topliff, Samuel, River Forest. Chicago. Chicago. Danville. Evanston. Tyrrell, Pierce Crawford, Eight. Weeks, Harvey Thomas, Cliicago. Wilson, Edward F., Chicago. Wise, Alorn Walker, Wise, Everett L., Clticago. Chicago. Yamaguchi, Shun, Vlackos, Andrew John, Yokoliama, Japan. Tripolis, Greece. Young, Randall Boyer, Red Oak, Ia. LL.B., University of Michigan. A.B .. University of Chicago; LL.13., Northwestern University. LL.13., Chicago-Kent College of Law. A.B., Bowdoin College; LL.B., Northwestern Uni· versity . LL.B., Northwestern University. A.B. , Yale University. B. of M.E., University of Michigan. A.13.; LL.B., Harvard University. LL.B., University of Greece. �HOLDERS OF ACADEMIC DEGREES. Colleges · Represented. Number of Graduates. Amherst College _- - -- - -- - - -- - . - - - ------ ____ _- -- - - - - ---- ---- ---Bowdoin College ---- --------- - -- -- ---- ---------------- -------Carthage College ---- ----------------------------------------- Central College ____ ____ ____ _____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ______ ____ ____ Columbia University ____ __ ___________ _______ _____________ _____ _ 2 Corne I I College _--- ------ ------ - - - - - - -- - - -- __ - --- ---- -- - - --- - - Harvard University -- __ ______ _____ __ _____________________ ______ 8 Illinois College __________________________ ______ __________ ·----- 2 Illinois Wesleyan University _____ ________ ________________ ____ _ Iowa State College ______________ .. ________ _______________ ______ _ Kenyon College _____ __________ ____________ ______________ _____ _ Knox College -------------- -- ---- -- --- --- ------- _______ _______ 2 Northern Indiana Normal College- ---------- ------------------ Northwestern University_-------- -- -- ____ - - -- - - -- - - ---- - --- ---- 7 Otterbein College ______________ ______ ___________________ . _____ _ Princeton University- - --- -- - - ---- - - ------ - - - - -- - - -- -- ---- - - -- - - 3 St. Mary's College ____________ ---- _____ ___ ____ _________ ________ _ St. Viateur's College- ----- -------------------- ------- -------- -University of Chicago ------------ ---- --------------------- ---- 6 University of Illinois - -- - - ______ ---- ____ ---- ---- _--- ---- ______ University of Michigan------- ----------------------- -------- - - 5 University of Wisconsin __ __ ---- - ------ ----- ---- ------ --- ------ 2 Wash burn College ___________________ __________________ _____ __ Wheaton College ------ ---- - --- . - --- ___ -------- ________ ______ __ Williams College---- ------·----------- ------- - -- ------------ -- 4 Yale University--- -------- ---- --- ----------------------------- 4 Total number of college graduates----- ·· ___________ . ________ 6o Total number of colleges represented- -- - __ ____ _____ __ __ __ __ 26 RECAPITULATION. Third Year Regular Students -- ------ -------- -------------- ---- 53 Second Year Regular Students -------- - ----- --- ---- -------- ---- 30 First Year Regular Students _______ _______ _____________________ 66 Special Students---- ------- ----- --------- --- ------------ ---- --- 35 Total - -- - -- -- -- -- - -- - --- - ____ ____ - -- - . - -- _--- ____ _________ 184 Holders of Academic Degrees ----------- - --- ------- ------------ 6o Percentage of College Graduates--------- ---- -------- -- ---- ---- 33 Students Holding Degree of Bachelor of Laws ---- ____ ------ ____ 15 32 • �DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW QUARTERS OF THE SCHOOL. The site of the Northwestern University Building in which the new quarters of the School of Law are situated, is one of historic interest. The remodeled TEemont House, a massive structure, is the fourth building of that name to occupy the spot. Since 1833, the year of Chicago's incorporation as a town, the caravansaries that were successively erected here became the frequent sojourning-place of the most famous persons who from time to time came to Chicago. Here was begun the memorable debate between Lincoln and Douglas in 1858; here were the headquarters of Lincoln's friends during the nominating convention of 186o; here Douglas lay on bis deathbed; here took place, at the close of the war, the soldiers' reunion, in which Grant and other distinguished generals participated; and a long list might be made of other names, eminent in all fields, whose memories will ever cling to this central spot in the life of Chicago. Many of these notable persons and episodes are recalled in the speeches made on May 23d last, at the reception to Professor Hurd (the report of which was printed in the August Bullett"n of th e School). "It seems to me," said Mr. Elbridge Keith, on that occasion, "that in no other spot in Illinois have there been so many associations with that which has made history. There could be no more inspiring spot where you could go to get stimulus for noble deeds and noble thoughts. You should have the heritage which those noble spirits here hand down to you." Having in mind the interesting associations of the spot, the Faculty have endeavored to equip the School's quarters in such a way as to maintain the dignity and interest of the place, and also to be worthy of the best traditions of the profession whose interests it serves. The object has been to provide a fitting home for legal scholarship, by reviving amidst daily work the historic past of the School and of the profession at large, and by embodying in the surroundings all that could inspire the student with faith in the achievements of his predecessors in the law and with resolution for bis own part of that great work in the future. The School's quarters are entered from the landing on the third floor in the northwest angle of the building. All the wood trimmings are of oak, in weather-stain; the wall coloring in all the corridors is yellow; in the Assembly Room, red; in Booth Hall, buff; and in the Library, Hurd Hall, Hoyne Hall, and the remaining rooms, green. 33 �34 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Opposite the entrance comes first the General Office. Portraits of the Presidents of the Board of Trustees of th e old Union College of Law,,and of the members of the Law Committee of the present Trustees of Northwestern University, are on th e wall, and suggest the continuity of the School's existence under forty-four years of successive administrations. So, a lso, in the Dean 's Office, on the left, portraits of the former Deans of the School, beginning with Hon. Henry Booth, bring down the traditi on from 1859. Similarly, in the Faculty Room (to the right of the General Office, beyond the Secretary 's Office), a collection of the portraits of all th e past and present members of the Faculty preserves the memory of those who have taken part in the work of the School, and includes many who have been distinguished in the local and national life of the profession. This collection is still incomplete, in regard to many of the older generation; but it is hoped that the missing likenesses may before long be secured. Over the fireplac e is appropriately affixed the handsome seal of the University, m colored plastic relief, done by Mr. F. Parsons, of Boston, for the ·school. The heavy settles, council-table, and bookcases are designed to give an effect of scholarly dignity; and the room serves as an appropriate one for the city meetings of other University governing bodi es besid,es the Faculty of Law. Entering the north corrid or, a bronze bust of Lincoln appears, placed against the west wall. It is cast after the model by Bissell, owner of the death mask, and was presented to the School by the Booth Chapter of the legal frat ern ity o[ Phi Delta Phi. Beneath it, on a bronze plate, is the inscription: "In the old Tremont House That formerly stood on this spot Abraham Lincoln During his practice at the bar Often sojourned And from its balcony In 1858 He engaged in one of his memorable debates With Stephen A. Douglas. Presented to the Law School of the Northwestern University by Booth Chapter of Phi Delta Phi." Facing east from the Lincoln bust, one sees, in two lines on either side of the corridor, a series of plaster busts, represen tin g the lawye rorators of various ages and countries- Demosthenes, Cicero, Burke, Choate, Clay, and Douglas. Others should, of course, be added to these, to make the representation more complete-for instance, those of Erskine, Gratton, V.Tirt, Prentiss; hut no likeness of them in plaster seems to be in existence. This series, fittingly culminating with the author of the speech at Gettysburg, is intended to typify for the aspiring student the function of the lawyer as a persuader of men. It complements the series in the Library typifying th e lawyer as a scholar and jurist. On the right of the north corridor is the Court Room, fitted in the usual manner with judge's desk, clerk 's desk, witness box, jury box, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 35 attorneys' table, and bar. This room is known as Hoyne Hall, after Hon. Thomas Hoyne, who founded the school in 1859. Over the desk is a crayon portrait of the founder, presented by his son, Thomas M. Hoyne, Esq., an alumnus of the School. In this room the Practice Court holds its sessions; and accordingly the walls have been hung with a collection of portraits representing the personages of particular interest to the future practitioners at the local bar. These include the judges of trial courts in Illinois, past and present, the judges of Federal courts in Illinois, and distinguished members of the Illinois bar in former generations. This collection is a unique possession, and would have been impossible to create, but for the generous courtesy of Hon. James B. Bradwell, formerly judge of the Cook County Court and now editor of the Chicago Legal ews. The owner of an unrivaled collection of photographs of lawyers and judges, accumulated ·during forty years at the Illinois bar, he has had these reproductions especially made from his plates for presentation to the School. The collection of portraits of the judges of the Supreme Court of Illinois, in the Library, is also a part of the same gift. On the north side of the north corridor are three rooms destined for the use of the Legal Aid Bureau (a charitable work soon to be undertaken by the School) ; at present they are used for the storage and sale of books. Beyond them is the Alumni Room, an apartment intended to serve the convenience and attract the interest of visiting alumni. It is exclusively at their disposal, and is fitted with lockers, lavatory, bookcases, and tables, so as to afford them all the facilities of an office, while in Chicago, for the transaction of business. The walls are to be hung with portraits of the past and present officers of the Alumni Association, of alumni holding public office, and of class groups; but this collection is as yet incipient only, and much remains to be done by the alumni to make it fairly complete. Beyond this room is the Law Club Room, for meetings of the fraternities, sessions of the club, moot-courts, and the like. Last on the east is the Assembly Room, a long and spacious apartment, comfortably fitted for rest, reading, and conversation. This a))artment is intended as the social headquarters of the School, a common meeting-ground for professors and students. For a city School, remote from the surroundings of a college campus, such a center of social life is indispensable. Dedicated to the spirit of scholarly fellowship, it conduces to that friendly converse and intimate understanding which cultivate college loyalty and form some of the most pleasurable memories and useful associations of after professional life. The furnishings have all been adopted to emphasize the fraternal and professional tradition and spirit. Over the fireplace is another copy of the University seal, in colored plastic relief. High- �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. backed settles, at the east end of the room, framing the fireplace, form an inglenook. A small library of legal biographies and annals, celebrated trials, and works of general reference, is placed here; and a list of magazines and newspapers is maintained by students' subscription. On the north wall is a bronze relief of Lincoln, the gift of Mr. Michael Merwin Hart, of the class of 1904, and on the west wall is a colored plastic relief of Washington (done by Mr. Parsons). Affixed to the south wall, in the inglenook, is an oak shield, bearing in bronze letters the traditional motto of the students' cheer: "Ex delicto Ex contractu This is Law." The walls bear, also, a varied collection of pictures, including a number of interesting cartoon-caricatures, in color, of celebrated English judges, views of the English Inns of Court and of the courts of justice in England and various foreign countries, views of the homes of Marshall and of Webster, and pictures of other places and persons having an interest to the profession. The Assembly Room is known as Lowden Hall, after Frank Orren Lowden, Esq., the present president of the Alumni Association. The east corridor, leading south from the Assembly Room, is fitted with over two hundred full-length lockers. On the right is a lecture-room, known as Hurd Hall, after Harvey B. Hurd, LL.D., who, after forty-three years of service retired from active work, and became Professor Emeritus at the close of the year 1901-02. His portrait hangs on the west wall; and around the room are hung the group-portraits of the judges of the various State Supreme Courts. At the end of the east corridor is the main lecture-room, known as Booth Hall, after Hon. Henry Booth, first Dean of the School, who served from 1859 till 1892. Over the entrance is his portrait in crayon, presented to the School several years ago by the Booth Chapter of the fraternity of Phi Delta Phi. Behind the lecture rostrum is a series of wall panels, concealing a long blackboard, the central ones sliding to uncover the board for use. In front of the end panels, on brackets, are busts of Socrates on the left and of Blackstone _on the right-the former, as the great master of dialectics and argument, typifying one chief method of class instruction, and the latter, as the classical model of dogmatic exposition, typifying the other chief method of instruction by lectures. Considerable search had failed to discover a bust of Blackstone in this country, and the present one was accordingly made for the School by Miss Alice Cooper, of Chicago; a photogravure of the Blackstone statue at Oxford and two engravings by different hands, served for the likeness. Around the walls of Booth Hall are disposed a series of portraits (chiefly engravings and etchings) of the most eminent judges in English and American legal history-Mansfield, Eldon, Marshall, Story, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 37 Kent, and others. The English portraits, with others in the Library (including the work of such hands as Bartolozzi's), were selected for the School in 1902, on a visit to London, by Mr. Charles C. Soule, of Boston, aided by Mr. William V. Kellen, of Boston, a connoisseur who possesses the finest collection of legal engravings in the United States. The etching of Henry Wheaton, LL.D., America's most distinguished international jurist, was presented to the school by Mr. Kellen; it is of particular interest, being an imprint from the only plate in existence, made by the donor in connection with the recent celebration at Brown University of the centenary of Wheaton's birth. Leaving Booth Hall by the west door, a short corridor, opening on each side into study rooms for students' clubs, leads into the Library, which extends around the south and west sides of the building. The bookcases here are arranged to form alcoves; in each alcove is a reading table fitted with a double set of electric-light standards. At one end of the west aisle, opposite the marble clock (the gift of Hon. William A. Dyche) is another copy of the University seal, affixed to the wall and dominating the room. On brackets at abutments of the alcoves, facing into the aisle, are placed busts of Bacon, Marshall, Jefferson, Hamilton, Webster, and Shaw, typifying the legal scholars and jurists of our history. Thus far no other likenesses to complete this series have been obtainable; but those of Hale, Bentham, Kent, and a few others, ought certainly to be added, and it is hoped that in time they will be. This series forms a fitting complement to that of the lawyer-orators in the north corridor. On the walls of each alcove above the bookcases, is continued the collection of portraits of eminent lawyers and judges. To study the Constitution under the gaze of Marshall himself, or peruse the doctrines of equity in sight of the compelling countenance of their creator Eldon, cannot but give one a more realizing acquaintance with those great judges who have left the impress of their personality upon the law. The attention of the alumni is again called to the various parts of these collections that remain to be completed. Only through the active and generous help of the alumni can this be done. Of all who may read this account the special request is now made to cooperate with the School, in any manner that may happen to be within their power, to perfect the equipment briefly described herein. �REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE BRANCHES OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. The Alumni Association has been engaged in forming local Branches of the Association in every State and Territory in which there are Alumni of the School, as well as in each judicial district of Illinois outside of Cook County. A Secretary has been appointed in nearly every one of these jurisdictions-some fifty-four in all__:and with the further perfection of organization a Vice-President will also be selected for each Branch. The object of the formation of these Branches is to promote mutual acquaintance and helpfulness among those alumni who are locally associated in practice. The list of officers selected up to the present date, as furnished by Charles H. Blatchford, Esq., General Secretary of the Association (Ashland Block, Chicago), is as follows: Alabama . Vice-President William H. H. Judson, '65, Arizona Frederick S. Nave, '97, Bessemer. Tucson. Secretary Henry B. Wilkinson, '97, Phrenix. California ( orthern) Theodore W. Hubbard '96, California (Southern) George P . Adams, 'E7, Colorado A. Lee Doud, '76, Georgia Ebenezer Wakely, '71, Idaho Albert J. Green, '87, Indiana Valdosta. Moscow. Parrott Bldg., San Francisco. Bullard Block, Los Angeles. 715 Ernest & Cramner Bldg., Denver. James E . Babb, '84, Lewiston. Thaddeus M. Talcott, Jr.,'96, South Bend. Indian Ter. Harry Campbell, Iowa Barry Gilbert, 'oo, Kansas Theodore H. Morrison, '95, Kentucky J. Clyde Nelson, '88, Michigan Henry F. Metzger, '97, Minnesota Sapulpa. Cedar Rapids. 16o4 Fairmont Ave., Wichita. Sharpsburg. Sault Ste. Marie. Hon. Homer B. Dibell,'90, A. B. Choate, '83, Duluth. 410 Temple Court, Minneapolis. �THE LAW SCHOOL. Missouri Vice-President 39 Secretary Jacob A. Harzfeld, '97, 525 New York Life Bldg., Kansas City. Montana Richard A. Harlow, '85, Helena, Mont. Nebraska Hon. William J. Bryan,'84, New Eng. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott,'83, William F. Poole, Jr., '93, New Jersey Lincoln. Wolfborough, N. H. Alonzo P. Tarbox, '91, Bennett. 185 Franklin St. , Boston, Mass. Oliver L. Brown, '94, 26 Telephone Bldg., Newark. New Mexico John H. Stingle, Andrew M. Adams, '97, New York William F. Myers, '93, N. Carolina Albuquerque. Hon. E. H. Gary, '67, New York City. Albuquerque. Amsterdam. James L. Curtis, '93, Raleigh. N. Dakota Edward R. Sinkler, '96, Ohio Josmh D. Kerr, '84, Oklahoma Claud J. Bryant, '01, Oregon Charles H. Glos, '94, Pennsylvania Forest G. Moorhead, S. Dakota John F. Whitlock, '82, Texas Edward W. Hander, '94, Utah Robert N. Freeman, '79, Virginia Clare E. Crawford, '97, Washington Howard W. Waterman, 1'00, Wisconsin John K. Fish, 'i4, Wyoming Charles F. Mallin, '94, Dist. of Col. Phillip E. Winter, '83, Hawaii Carl S. Smith, '96, Mexico Switzerland Japan Grafton. icksville. Lawton . 218 Chamber of Commerce, Portland. Beaver. '01, Forest City. Waco. Salt Lake City. Elmont. Boston Block, Seattle, Wash. Old Insurance Jdg., Milwaukee. Cheyenne. 814 "A," South East, Washington. Hon. Wm. A. McLaren, 1 A Jndependencia 36 Mexico City. Hilo. Joseph S. Kennard, Lausanne. Abo Shiosuke, '93, Tokyo. �+o NORTHWESTERN U IVERSITY. BRANCHES I JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLlNOIS Secretaries. Aaron J. Gould, 'or, Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock, '82, Charles H. Holt, '92, Frank C. Van Sellar, '97, Thomas N. Cofer, '96, John A. Barber, '97, 8. John D. Gray, '94, 9. Conrad G. Gumbart, '95 , 10. Frank S. Fulton, '97, r r. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. William L. Mc Mahan, '92, Charles B. Campbell, '97, Wellington H. Shay, '94, William J. Sweeney, '95, Solon W. Crowell, '96, William M. Mercer, '01 , John E. Goembel, '91, Address. Bone Gap. Edwardsville. Salem. Paris. Charleston. Farmers' at'I Bank Bldg., Springfield. Havana. Macomb. 419 Observatory Bldg., Peoria. Lincoln. 27 Arcade Bldg., Kankakee. Streator. Rock Island. Oregon. 337 Coulter Blk., Aurora. 502 E. State St., Rockford. �ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF WISCONSIN. Graduates of this Law School are admitt ed to the Bar in W isconsin w ithout examination. RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries in regard to Adm ission to the Bar in Illinois should be addressed to N . W . Branson, Secretary of the S tate Board of Law Examiners, P etersburg, Ill. The rules governing admission to the bar in Illinois provide that all applications for admission shall be made to the Supreme Court of the State, and shall be based upon a report of the State Board of Law Examiners; that examinations shall be held "at Ottawa on the first Tuesday of March, at Chicago the first Tuesday of May, at Springfield the first Tuesday of September, and at Mt. Vernon the first Tuesday of December, in each year"; that all applicants for admission must pass satisfactory examinations "upon the law of real and personal property, personal rights, contracts, evidence, common law and equity p leading, partnership, bailments, negotiable instruments, principal and agent, domestic relations, wills, corporations, equity jurisprudence, criminal law, aud upon the principles of the constitutions of the State and of the United States, ahd legal ethics"; that an applicant who fails to pass such examination shall not be admitted to a subsequent examination within six months of such failure; that each applicant shall pay in advance a fee of ten dollars to said Board of Law Examiners, and shall file affidavits as to age and citizenship, and a transcript from a court of record of Illinois showing good moral character; that the applicant shall have a general preliminary education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this state, and that he shall have pursued the study of law for the period of three consecutive years of at least thirty-six weeks in each year; and that such study shall 41 �42 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. have been pursued in an established law school considered by the Board to be in good standing, or under the tuition of one or more licensed lawyers, and that the applicant, if studying under such tuition, has submitted to regular and satisfactory examinations by such lawyer or lawyers during said period, upon each subject. All of above proof must be submitted on prescribed forms. Rule 2 of the Board of Law Examiners, which sets forth the required proof of academic education, and governs the admission of regular students to this Law School, is as follows: "Each applicant for admission, upon examination, shall present with his application satisfactory proof in writing that he has had a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this State. A three years' English course, consisting of Algebra, Geometry, Ancient History, Physiology, Rhetoric, Physics, and Physical Geography, each one year; Botany and Bookkeeping, one year; Medi:eval and Modern History, with special reference to English and American History, one year; English and American Literature, one year; and English Composition, one year, will be accepted as such equivalent. "In case of the omission by the applicant of any one or more of such studies, except English and American History and Literature, the equivalent of such omitted study or studies, in any science, or in any classical or modern language (Latin being especially recomnended), will be accepted in lieu of such omitted study or studies. "The proof required by this rule that the applicant has satisfactorily pursued the said studies or their equivalents, for the requisite periods, may be by either one or more of the following instruments: "r. The diploma of any University or College in good standing; or "2. The diploma of a high school in this State, where such diploma designates the several studies pursued and the length of time devoted to each; or "3. The diploma of a high school in this State, accom- �THE LAW SCHOOL. 43 panied with the certificate of the principal of such school, designating the several studies pursued, and the length of time devoted to each; or "4. The affidavit of a principal of a high school in this State, or other high school teacher or teachers under whom the applicant has studied ( or, in case of the death or absence of such principal or teacher, then the affidavit of any credible witness or witnesses having knowledge of the facts), designating the several studies pursued, the length of time devoted to each, and as nearly as possible the applicant's degree of proficiency in each study; or "5. The affidavit of the principal of a high school of this State, or of a superintendent of schools having a high school under his supervision, showing his special examination of the applicant for the purpose of an application for admission to the bar, stating the date and place of examination and the time consumed therein, and giving the true and just grade or proficiency shown by such applicant in each study, on a scale of 100 ; or "6. The diploma of any -accredited school, not in Illinois, whose graduates are admitted on a diploma to the freshman class of any University or College, in good standing, in the State or country in which such school is located; such fact to be evidenced by the certificate of the President or Secretary of such University or College, under the corporate seal of the institution; or "7. The certificate of the President or Secretary of any University or College in good standing, under the seal of the institution, that the applicant has been admitted to the freshman or any higher class of such institution, without conditions, or upon conditions which had since been complied with." Rule 5, defining a law school in good standing, requires that: "An established law school to be considered in good standing must faithfully teach the several branches of law specified in Rule 39 of the Supreme Court, and must require recitations averaging ten hours or more each week.' ���LOWDEN HALL (ASSE~ IBLY ROO~ I). �HOYNE HALL (CO URT-ROOM ). ��V. DENTAL SCHOOL CHICAGO OIiers a four years' course leading to the del1ree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical mstruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors. The attendance during the last 1ear was 535. It is the largest University Dental School in the world. For further information, address Northwestern University Dental School, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretical study of Music,and!s designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It also makes provision for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accomplishment. It otters three or four year courses leading to an appro• priate degree.in Music. 1For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinoi•. VII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses preparatory to college and practical life. The proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a great advantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy, Evanston, Illinoi•. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, is maintained by the University at Onarga, Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for P!eparing for college or technical schools, or other higher institutions of learning. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinoia. VIII. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medical School on substantially the same terms as men. For further information as to the Residence Halls for Women, address Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois. IX. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSTON GARRETT BIBLICAL INSTITUTE. Garrett Biblical Institute, chartered in 1855, 1s a theological seminary c-perating with the University. It is open to all students who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry. It offers a three years' course, arranged for classical graduates, leading to the degree of B.D.; also a four years' course open to college graduates Jeadinii; to the degree of Ph.D. The intimate relations of the University and the Institute afford great advan• tages to all those preparing for the Christian ministry. NORWEGIAN-DANISH THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL. The Norwegian-Danish Theological School, affiliated with the Institute, offers to those preparini for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish people an oppor· tunity to do this in the English, Danish, and Norwegian languages. . SWEDISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing demands for educated pastors and missionaries among the Swedish population in the United States, offers a four years' course in Divinity. For further information, address the respective schools, Evanston, Illinois. �, � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series II, Number 1 of the quarterly <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1903 May Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903 May Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES II MAY 1903 NUMBER 1 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THR SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J James A.M. Ph.D. President Northwestern University . Four' (Law Medicine Dentistry Pharmacy) . Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law Bachelor Laws Special provided Law. Chicago Law Institute Library . . alJ Law .&'. . Northwestern University Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING. LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS. ENTRANCE NORTHWESTEl{N UN!VERS[TY BUILDING. LI BRARY ( WEST AISLE ). 0 0 QUARTERLY B ULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL O F LAW. CONTENTS OF NO. MA Y 1903. Views Northwestern University Building Views Law School Rooms Calendar Session 1903 04 Revised List Faculty 1903 Revised List Courses 1903 PAGE Frontispiece 2 3 5 Address Corporation By Laws Louis Boisot Jr. 15 List Students 1903 26 Description New Quarters School 33 Revised List Alumni Secretaries 1903 38 Rules Admission Bar Illinois 41 Entered Chicago . . CALENDAR. 1903 September 21 Monday September 22 Tuesday September 23 September 24 November 26 December 19 1904. January 4 January 28 February February 6 February 8 February 12 May 22 May 27 June 17 Wednesday Thursday Thursday Saturday Monday Thursday Monday Saturday Monday Friday Saturday Thursday Thursday Registration Day New Students. Registration Day Applicants Advanced Standing. Registration Day Students. Lectures Begin. Thanksgiving Recess. Lectures Close Christmas Recess . Christmas Recess Ends Lectures Begin. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. Lincoln' Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement. 2 REVISED LIST OF THE FACULTY FOR 1903.* EDMUND JANES JAMES Ph.D. LL. D. President University. JOHN HENRY WIGMORE (A. M. LL. B . Harvard University) Professor Law Dean Faculty. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD (LL. D. Northwestern University) Emeritus Professor Law. NATHANIEL CLINTON SEARS. (A. M . Amherst College LL. D. Northwestern University) Professor Law Procedure Practice. CHARLE'S CHENEY HYDE (A. M .. Yale University LL. B. Harvard University) Assistant Professor . Law. ALBERT MARTI KALES (A. B. LL. B .. Harvard University) Assistant Professor Law. SAMUEL ADAMS (A. B. Harvard University LL.B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Procedure Practz' . JOHN HE 1 RY SHELDON LEE (A. B. Harvard University LL. B. Northwestern University) Assistant Professor Law Crimes Criminal Procedure. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE (A. B. Amherst College LL. B. Northwestern University) Assistant Professor Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD (A. M. LL. B. Harvard University) Professor Law. LOUIS MAY GREELEY (A B. Harvard University) Professor Law Conveyancing. WILLIAM MEADE FLETCHER (L L . B. University Virginia) Professor Law Equity Pleading Practz' . • Arranged. President Dean . 3 4 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. LEVI HARPER FULLER (B. S. Upper Iowa University LL. B. Iowa State University) Professor Law Procedure Practice. FREDERIC CAMPBELL WOODWARD (A. M. Dickinson College LL. M. Cornell University) Professor Law. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM (LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Patents. WILLIAM H. DYRENFORTH (LL. B. Northwestern University) Professor Law Patent Practice. OTTO RAYMOND BARNETT {LL. B. Northwestern University) Assoc£ Professor Law Patents. LESTER LE GRAND BOND Lecturer Trade Mark Copyright. HON. PETER STENGER GROSSCUP (A. M. Wittenberg College LL. B .. Boston University LL. D. Knox Wittenberg Colleges Judge United States Circuit Court Appeals) Lecturer International Law. LOUIS LEE DENT (A. B. Harvard University Missouri University} Lecturer Mortgages Genera Practice. CHARLES BYRD ELDER (LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Extraordinary Legal Remedies Judgments. MITCHELL DAVIS FOLLANSBEE (A. B. Harvard Universi_! LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Legal ! . HENRY CLAY HALL ( B. S. Wabash College LL. B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Insurance. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY (LL. B. Northwestern University) Secretary Law School Faculty. REVISED COURSES OF INSTRUCTION FOR 1903. FIRST YEAR. FIRST TERM. Contracts Three . Keener' Cases Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Torts Three . Ames' Smith' Cases Torts. Professor WrGMORE. Property (J) Two . Gray' Cases Property Vols. II. (Personal .) Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading Procedure Two . Ames' Cases Pleading Andrews' Stephen Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Crimes Criminal Procedure Two . Beale' Cases Criminal Law. Professor LEE. SECOND TERM. Contracts ( ) Th . Professor WOODWARD. Toi ( ) Two . Professor WIGMORE. Property ( ) ( ) Two . Professor KALES. Common Law Pleading Procedure ( ) One . Lectures . Professor ADAMS. Master Servant Tort One . Wambaugh' Cases Agency. Professor W1GMORE. Damages One . Beale' Cases Damages. Professor SCHOFIELD. SECOND YEAR. FIRST TERM. Evidence Two . Thayer' Cases Evidence 2d . Professor WIGMORE. Trusts Two . Ames' Cases Trusts. Professor WOODWARD. Af[ Two . Wambaugh' Cases Agency. Professor LITTLE. 5 6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Commercial Paper Three . Ames' Cases Bills Notes. Professor HYDE. Equity ( ) Torts. Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. . Professor SCHOFIELD. Property ( II) Two . Gray' Cases Property Vols. III IV. (Acquisition . .) Professor KALES. Equity Pleading Procedure Two . Fletcher Equity Pleading . Professor FLETCHER. Persons (Domestic Relat£ ) Two . Smith' Cases Persons. Professor KALES. Extraordinary Legal Remedies (Mandamus Quo Warranto Habeas Corpus .) One . Mr. ELDER. SECOND TERM. Evidence ( ) Two . Professor WIG MORE. Property (Ii) ( ) Two . Professor KALES. Equity (II) Specific Performance . Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. II. Professor SCHOFIELD. [ Given 1()03 1()04 .] Equity (II ) Sundry Topics. Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. III. Professor SCHOFIELD. [ Omitted 1903 1()04 .] Bankruptcy Two . Williston' Cases Bankruptcy. Professor WOODWARD. Quasi Contracts Two . Keener' Cases Quasi Contracts. Professor WOODWARD. Sales Personalty Two . Williston' Cases Sales. Professor WOODWARD. Carriers Three . McClain' Cases Carriers Beale' Cases Carriers. Professor HYDE. [Omitted 1()03 1904 .] Admiralty Marine Insitrance Three . Professor HYDE. [ Given 1903 1904 .] Judgments Auxiliary Legal Remedies (Attachment Garnishment Execution .) One . Rood' Cases Attachments Judgments. Mr. ELDER. Insurance (Fire Life) Two . Wambaugh' Cases Insurance. Mr. HALL. THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 THIRD YEAR. FIRST TERM. Corporations Two . Smith' Cases Corporations. Professor LITTLE. Procedure Practice Illinois Two . Professor SEARS. International Law (/) Two . Scott' Cases International Law. Professor HYDE. Suretyshij) Two . Ames' Cases Suretyship. Professor LITTLE. Constitutional Law Two . Thayer' Cases Constitutional Law. Professor SCHOFIELD. Jurisdictz" Federal Courts One . Professor SCHOFIELD. Property (III) Tw . Gray ' Cases Property Vols. V VI. (Conditional .) Professor KALES. Conveyancing One . Drafting . Professor GREELEY. Conflict Laws Two . Beale' Cases Conflict Laws. Professor HYDE. JJ1' Two . Kirchwey' Cases Mortgages. Mr. DENT. Code Pleading Procedure One . Cases Code Pleading. Professor WOODWARD. Practice Court Two . Causes . Professor FULLER. * Patents Invention ( ) General . Five . Professor LINTHICUM. Parts II Ill October 15. (//) Patent Soliciting. Twenty . Professor DYRENFORTH. (Ill ) Patent Law Practice. Forty . Professor BARNETT. *These . . 8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SECOND TERM. Corporations ( ) Two . Professor LITTLE. Procedure Practice Illinois ( ) Two . Professor SEARS. Constt' Law ( ) Two . Professor SCHOFIELD. Conveyancing ( ) One . Professor GREELEY. Conflict Laws ( ) Two . Professor HYDE. Practt' Court ( ) Two . Professor FULLER. Patents Invention ( ). Professor BARNETT. Property (III) ( ) Two . · Professor KALES. International Law (II) American Treaties Diplomacy . Two . Professor HYDE. Municipal Corporations Two . Smith' Cases Municipal Corporations. Professor SCHOFIELD. PartnersldjJ Two . Ames' Cases Partnership. Professor LITTLE. . ( Constitutional Law Patents Invention) Conveyancing Property Ill Property II. . COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTING FOR A DEGREE. Trade Marks Copyrights Six . Mr. BOND. General Review Five September April State . Mr. DENT . .International Law Policy One . Judge GROSSCUP. Legal Ethics Five . Mr. FOLLANSBEE. THE LAW SCHOOL. 9 SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING AND SPEAKING AND IN THE PRACTICE OF THE LAW. . . . Pleadings Common Law Pleading Code Pleading Equity Pleading . 2. Conveyancing . A ~ ' . Thorough . No Property II. 3. Practice Court Procedure Practice . Practice Court . Court' Thursday . During . . While . A . . IO NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . A Rules Practice Court . 4. Legal Tactics 1902 1903 Monday April Bar . Bar 1903 1904 . BULLETIN February 1903 . 5. Public Speaking . Such 1902 1903 ( ) Argument Debate. An Professor J. Scott Clark College Liberal Arts. ( ) Voice Training. An Mr. Dennis Cumnock School Oratory. ( ) Parliamentary Practice. An Professor Joseph W. Robert Robert School Parliamentary Law. Public Speaking . Towle Prizes Public Speaking. 6. Thesis Faculty Any Faculty December 1st. May 15th . December. Lee . 7. Moot Courts Briefs . Moot Courts October April. Each counTHE LAW SCHOOL. . Courts . . A . Credit . TUITION FEES. October 1st January April 1st. A October 1st. Special . Patent Law . PRIZES. . Towle Prizes. A Sroo $50 Henry Sargent Towle Esq. Chairman Law School Committee Board Trustees Professors Robert Dennis . . These Professors Robert Dennis. 1902 1903 Towle Prize t0 Amos Strickland . 2. Lee Prize. A Blewett Lee Esq. School 1902 1903 Faculty . 3. Callaghan Prize. A Messrs. Callaghan Company Chicago . 1902 Callaghan Prize Charles Yoe Freeman A.B. Chicago. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons 12 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 1. Age They ~ . 2. Preliminary Education A . 42. 3. Time Entrance No January . Those January . All . Illinois. ADVANCED STANDING. "Degrees." • SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons . They . No Dean. DEGREES. All University Commencement. On Oxford . . BACHELOR OF LAWS. Bachelor Laws Trustees University ' Faculty School. Such Faculty THE LAW SCHOOL. !'! . Attendance Regular . Students ' * ' . 2. Students ' . 3. Students ' ' * Dean. II. Registration Candidates . III. Course Study All ( ) . ' . Persons ' Dean. Secretary . Four . A B C D . A C A C School . * Beginning 1904 ' NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY . II. MASTER'S DEGREE. Master' Arts Philosophy Science Letters A College Liberal Arts University Bachelor' Arts Philosophy Science Letters University Master' Bachelor Laws Faculty Liberal Arts Faculty . ( ) ( ) Bachelor Laws ( ) Faculty Law School. Students Master' College Liberal Arts Law School Monday October . Master' Law School October . Faculty Liberal Arts Master' Constitutional Law International Law Administrative Law Roman Law Jurisprudence Legal History. SCHOLARSHIPS FOR STUDENTS. Six . These ~ . Applications Secretary Law School. CORPORATION BY LAWS.* Corporation . American . Ih English . English . To American . Jt . Blackstone Roman Twelve Tables. Usually . . State State . . Some . ~ . Really . . Anything . Therefore Royal Arcanum . By . They . . These . . At . Many . An • An Legal Tactics Monday October 13 1902. 15 16 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . Things . He . He . Had . H . . . There Illinois . Directors . . . They . Some English . . Certainly . Some . Illinois. . Ordinarily . . . . States Illinois . Colorado . So . . However Jaws . . ' . There State . THE LAW SCHOOL. These . These . . A . . . . State . Adoption State. States New Jersey. Illinois York . . There . First . Second . Third . Fourth . Taking State United States Constitution United States Constitution . A . Second • . Constitution State . So . There . State. Third . . They bindi11g . . r8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . One . Special . Of . Illinois . They . . One ' . These . . Provisions . State. . ' . Sunday . ' . . ' . At . . _it . . . Ordinarily . . . Originally THE LAW SCHOOL. Illinois . To . . Very ' . . . · . Illinois State . States. Where . . Our . . . General . State . State . Certainly . . . . Provision . . . There ' . . Of . Provision . 20 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . New York . . There ' . Officers . . . . . . . . . . . Where . . . . Take . . . . THE LAW SCHOOL. 21 . . . State. . . State . . . " ." Where . Where . Where . . . Transfers . . Suppose . . > . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . There . . . . . There . There Suppose . There . . . . . . 1723 Lord Macclesfield . . . . . . Be . There Illinois . Wisconsin . These . A ' . There . Suppose . . . There . Officers . ' ' THE LAW SCHOOL. . By . . . . . Board Trade . They . . Amendment . . There Illinois. One . There . . Supreme Court . . 1893 . Usually . . Take Supreme Court . Where . . They . Even NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Royal Arcanum. Suppose . They . They . They . Penal . States . There Pennsylvania . . A "No ." . . . They . They . They . They . They . Suppose . An . . He . . . They . There . . THE LAW SCHOOL. 25 . . . · . Proof . Where . LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE YEAR u102 1903. THIRD YEAR. Baird Tasper Arthur A. . Carthage College. • Block Manfred Sickle B.L. University Wisconsin. Case Charles Center Clark John W Crafts Harry Kent A.B. University Michigan. Crilly Oliver Dani A.B. Harvard University. Daly Charles Lawrence Deering Thomas Gardner Devine John J. Dunbar David Oweu B. S. Cornell College A.B. Columbia University. Eberhardt Alfar Maximilian Eschbach Jesse Ernest Ph. B.. College. Ferrell Hosea V. Jr. Frank Lee Julius A.B. University Chicago. Guthman Roy Headen Thomas Moulton A.B. Unive . Kahn Tulius Maurice A. . Northwestern University. Kay Fred Hans Keating James Williams Keep Albert 2d Kidder Royce Annan Knapp William Proctor Ph.B. Iowa College. Kompel Morris B.L. Northwestern University. Kropf Victor Gustav A.B. Washburn College. Lamar Clyde Park Lee Curtis Gillmore 26 Carthage. Platteville Wis. Cherry Valley. Paw Paw. Chicago. Clzicago. Chicago. Clzicago. Chicago. Center Point Ia. Chicago. Warsaw Ind. Carterville Ill. Cltz' . Youngstown O/ . Shelbyville. Petersburg. Chica!(O. Chz' . Chicago. Sterling. Clzicago. Chicago. Richland Kas. Chicago. Chicago. THE LAW SCHOOL. Matthews Jacob Scott A.B. University Michigan. Mayer Elias A.B . Harvard Uni . McKinney Marion Hayes Mergentheim Morton Adolph A.B. A.M. University Chicago. Mills Matthew A.B. Yale University. Murphy Edward James McNulta Donald Niles John Addison Odell Benjamin Franklin Jefferson O'Donnell Thomas Vincent LL.B. Indiana University. Peckham Tohn Judah A.B. Harvard University. Peterson Earle Lloyd Phillips Paul B. A.B. Wheaton College. Quinn Leonard Daniel Quinlan Thomas Ambrose A.B. A.M. St. Mary' University. Rose Charles George Rosenberg Hyman Rosenstone Bertram W. Schafer Frank Boeshair Shaw Toseph Laurence A.M. 1 University Wisconsin. Swigert Harry Amos Thomasson Nelson Jr. A.B. Princeton University. Thomsen Colditz Sandor Todd Leroy Levi Van Voorst Fred Welch Robert Leslie A.B. University Chicago. Whitely Arthur Laurence B.A. Williams College. Adelman Abram Banning Walker Barber Clayton Jackson Ph.B. Illinois College. Bates Alfred Ricker Bays Alfred William B.S. Knox College. SECOr D YEAR. Brown Thomas Baldwin Butler Herbert Benjamin Chi" . Cldcago. Cllicago. Fort Wayne Ind. Chicago. Evanston. Chicago. Chicago. Chica.( . B . Geneva. Rockford. Wl1eaton. Kewanee. Chicago. Clzi" . Clzicago. Clticago. El Paso. Geneseo. Council Bluffs Ia. Chicago. Chicago. Milledgeville. Monticello Ind. Des Moines . Evanston. Clticago. Chicago. Springfield. Evanston. Enfield. Chicago. Springfield. 28 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Campbell Herbert John A.B. University Michigan. Clark Edwin Oliver A.B. Central University. Fairchild Sherman DeWitt Fischer Henry Fred Follett Otis William Grover George Oliver Hagens Graddus Remley A.B. Central College. Hart Merwin Michael Johnson Alton Francis Kepler Louis Howard Ph.B. Cornell College. Krueger Nathan L. Lang Joseph Ignatius Lindhout Dingnus Kloppenburg Louis George L. Manierre Louis A.B. Yale University. Meek Marcellus Woltz Miller Albert Grant McAuley Henry Sayes A.B. Yale University. Rutter Rhea Barton A.B. Williams College. Sherlock Carl Garfield Spencer Charles Hopkins A.B. Wesleyan University Trude Daniel Pearson Wiles Russell S.B. University Chicago. Best John Henry Boggs Richard Lee Bohan Edmund Russel Brink Hal Carleton Charles Harvey Cashel Thomas Daniel Cline 1 Burt Crafts Maurice Wilbur Ph .B. Kenyon College. FIRST YEAR. Crumpacker Shepard B.S. Northwestern University. Coman Warren Eugene Davis Charles Henry Dennis Roger Lee Riverside. Wltitejield Ind. Ter. Sullivan. Addison. Libertyville. Leland. Pella . Chicago. Chicago. Mt. Ver11011 Ia. Clzica[[ . T¥ . Chicago Heiglzts. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Higltland Park. Riverside. Rock Island. Clzicago. Chicago. Qidncy. Fafrjield. Los Angeles Cal. Red Oak Ia. Chicago. East St. Louis Ill. Aj) )! City Mo. Chicago. Westville /11d. Chicago. Greeley Ia. Traer Iowa. THE LAW SCHOOL. Dewes Edwin Pierre A. B. Harvard University. Dobbin David Dove Theodore Clark Downes Earle Raymond Egge Alfred R. Ferguson Charles Fifer Ernest Reynolds B.S. Northern Indiana Normal College. Fulton Louis Reginald A.B. Knox Co!Tege. Gannon Edward Geringer John Charles Gunther Miss Attilia Hamilton Elisha Bentley A.B. Illinois College. Helms Otto Herbert Herman Charles Jacob Hinman Asahel Albert Howser Roy Hughes Arthur Freeman Hupp Frank Leslie Johnson Edgar A.B. Princeton University. Kersten Walter George Kostner Joseph Otto Lewis Harry Chester Lynde Cornelius A.B. Williams College. Mackenzie Rex A.B. Princeton University. Manning Horace Milton May William Green Meusel Oscar Moretz Milne William Arbrorath Collegiate Institute Scotland. Murdock Max McKinney Fred Landin Osborne Harold S. A.B. Williams College. Ott John Nash B.A. Amherst College. Pirosh George Bertram Putnam Karl Frederick Pierson Ward Wright B.S. Northwestern University. Pitte Hugo Lewis Quitman Walter Rosenblum Harry Moses Chicago. Stronghurst. Slielbyville. Harvard. Charles City Ia. Mendota. Chicago. Gibson City. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Quincy. Chicago. Chz' . Perry. Indianola Ia. Spi . Long Point. South Bend Ind. Chicago. Chicago. Mendota. Chicago. Clii' . Clticago. Evanston. Oshkosh Wis. Arbrorath Scotland. Streator. Piqua Ohio. Chica1 0. Cltica1 0. Clticago. Mt. Carmel. Wilmette. Chicago. Clticago. Evanston. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Ryden Otto Gustaf Sadler Monte Hanauer Sargent Jean F. Scheiner Frank Harry Ph.B. Northwestern University. Schmitt Felix Harold Seney Edgar F. Strickland Amos Aaron Swige Robert Guy Talcott Harry Harvey A.B. University Michigan. Taylor David W Charles Warner George Wengierski Julius Francis Wheklinski John Benjamin Williams James Edward Wright Adelbert S. Jr. Evanston. Cairo. Hurley S. Dak. Chicago. Clzicago. Clzica({O. Clzicat Chicago. Chicago. Cliicago. St. Joseph Mich. Somonattk. Clz£ . Clz£ . Emmetsburg Ia. Woodstock. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Amory E. P. Barnes Chester Davis Buntain Cassius M. Clay A.B. A.M. LL.B. Northwestern University. Childs Robert LL.B. Harvard University. Christopher Henry Raymond Clendenning Thomas C. Cleveland Frank Clayton Ph.B. University Chicago. Cox Howard Malcolm Davis Oliver Colene! Dietz Cyrus Edgar A.B. LL.B. Northwestern University. Dougherty Ralph 'LL.B. Harvard University. Drury F. H. Eckhart Percy LL.B. Harvard University. Granger Joseph . A.B. A.M. St. Viateur' College. Herbert Lloyd LL.B. Chicago Kent College Law. Hollock Roland Martin Honneger Peter LL.B. Northwestern University. Manzy Amon LL.B. Northwestern University. Ch£ . Kenosha { Vis. Momence. Ch£ . Chicago. Cllica.({ . Ch£ . Chicago. Evanston. Gilman. C/ . Ch£ .({O. Chicago. Bourbonnais. C/ . Chicago. Chicago. Ch£ ({O. THE LAW SCHOOL. MacChesney Nathan William LL.B. University Michigan. Clticago. McClure Robert Samuel Chicago. A.B .. University Chicago LL.13. Northwestern University. Ortseifen George Raltree William LL.13. Chicago Kent College Law. Chicago. Clticago. Rice Cyrus W. River Forest. Riley Henry Chicago. Shervey Charles 0. Chicago. Smith Claude vV. Danville. Topliff Samuel Evanston. A.B. Bowdoin College LL.B. Northwestern Uni· . Tyrrell Pierce Crawford LL.B. Northwestern University. Weeks Harvey Thomas A.B. Yale University. Wilson Edward F. B. M.E. University Michigan. Wise Alorn Walker Wise Everett L. A.13. LL.B. Harvard University. Yamaguchi Shun Vlackos Andrew John LL.B. University Greece. Young Randall Boyer Eight. Cliicago. Chicago. Clticago. Chicago. Yokoliama Japan. Tripolis Greece. Red Oak Ia. 31 HOLDERS OF ACADEMIC DEGREES. Colleges · DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW QUARTERS OF THE SCHOOL. Northwestern University Building School Law . TEemont House . Since 1833 Chicago' Chicago. Here Lincoln Douglas 1858 Lincoln' 186o Douglas ' Grant Chicago. Many May 23d Professor Hurd ( August Bullett" School). " " Mr. Elbridge Keith " Illinois . There . ." Having Faculty School' . School . School' . All Assembly Room Booth Hall Library Hurd Hall Hoyne Hall . 33 34 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Opposite General Office. Portraits Presidents Board Trustees Union College Law Law Committee Trustees Northwestern University School' . So Dean ' Office Deans School Hon. Henry Booth 1859. Similarly Faculty Room ( General Office Secretary' Office) Faculty School . . Over University Mr. F. Parsons Boston · . University Faculty Law. Entering Lincoln . Bissell School Booth Chapter [ Phi Delta Phi. Beneath " Tremont House Abraham Lincoln During Often And 1858 He With Stephen A. Douglas. Presented Law School Northwestern University Booth Chapter Phi Delta Phi." Facing Lincoln Demosthenes Cicero Burke Choate Clay Douglas. Others Erskine Gratton V.Tirt Prentiss . Gettysburg . Library . On Court Room ' ' THE LAW SCHOOL. 35 ' . Hoyne Hall Hon. Thomas Hoyne 1859. Over Thomas M. Hoyne Esq. School. Practice Court . These Illinois Federal Illinois Illinois . Hon. James B. Bradwell Cook County Court Chicago Legal . · Illinois School. Supreme Court Illinois Library . On Legal Aid Bureau ( School) . Beyond Alumni Room . Chicago . Alumni Association . Beyond Law Club Room . Last Assembly Room . )) School . School . Dedicated . . Over University . HighNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . A ' . On Lincoln Mr. Michael Merwin Hart 1904 Washington ( Mr. Parsons). Affixed ' "Ex Ex Law." English English Inns Court England Marshall Webster . Assembly Room Lowden Hall Frank Orren Lowden Esq. Alumni Association. Assembly Room . On Hurd Hall Harvey B. Hurd LL.D. Professor Emeritus 1901 02. His State Supreme Courts. At Booth Hall Hon. Henry Booth Dean School 1859 1892. Over School Booth Chapter Phi Delta Phi. Behind . Socrates Blackstone _on . Considerable Blackstone School Miss Alice Cooper Chicago Blackstone Oxford . Around Booth Hall ( ) English American Mansfield Eldon Marshall Story THE LAW SCHOOL. 37 Kent . English Library ( Bartolozzi' ) School 1902 London Mr. Charles C. Soule Boston Mr. William V. Kellen Boston United States. Henry Wheaton LL.D. America' Mr. Kellen Brown University Wheaton' . Leaving Booth Hall ' Library . . At ( Hon. William A. Dyche) University . On Bacon Marshall Jefferson Hamilton Webster Shaw . Thus Hale Bentham Kent . . On . To Constitution Marshall Eldon . . Only . Of School . REVISED LIST OF OFFICERS OF THE BRANCHES OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. Alumni Association Branches Association State Territory Alumni School Illinois Cook County. A Secretary all__ Vice President Branch. Branches . Charles H. Blatchford Esq. General Secretary Association (Ashland Block Chicago) . Vice President Alabama William H. H. Judson '65 Bessemer. Arizona Frederick S. Nave '97 Tucson. California ( ) California (Southern) Colorado Georgia Idaho Indiana Indian Ter. Iowa Kansas Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Ebenezer Wakely '71 Valdosta. Albert J. Green '87 Moscow. Hon. Homer B. Dibell '90 Duluth. Secretary Henry B. Wilkinson '97 Phrenix. Theodore W. Hubbard '96 Parrott Bldg. San Francisco. George P . Adams 'E7 Bullard Block Los Angeles. A. Lee Doud '76 715 Ernest & Cramner Bldg. Denver. James E . Babb '84 Lewiston. Thaddeus M. Talcott Jr. '96 South Bend. Harry Campbell Sapulpa. Barry Gilbert ' Cedar Rapids. Theodore H. Morrison '95 16o4 Fairmont Ave. Wichita. J. Clyde Nelson '88 Sharpsburg. Henry F. Metzger '97 Sault Ste. Marie. A. B. Choate '83 410 Temple Court Minneapolis. THE LAW SCHOOL. 39 Vice President Secretary Missouri Jacob A. Harzfeld '97 525 New York Life Bldg. Kansas City. Montana Richard A. Harlow '85 Helena Mont. Nebraska Hon. William J. Bryan '84 Alonzo P. Tarbox '91 Lincoln. Bennett. New Eng. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott '83 Wolfborough N. H. William F. Poole Jr. '93 185 Franklin St. Boston Mass. New Jersey Oliver L. Brown '94 26 Telephone Bldg. Newark. New Mexico John H. Stingle Andrew M. Adams '97 Albuquerque. Albuquerque. New York Hon. E. H. Gary '67 New York City. William F. Myers '93 Amsterdam. N. Carolina James L. Curtis '93 Raleigh. N. Dakota Edward R. Sinkler '96 Grafton. Ohio Josmh D. Kerr '84 . Oklahoma Claud J. Bryant '01 Lawton . Oregon Charles H. Glos '94 218 Chamber Commerce Portland. Pennsylvania Forest G. Moorhead '01 Beaver. S. Dakota John F. Whitlock '82 Forest City. Texas Edward W. Hander '94 Waco. Utah Robert N. Freeman '79 Salt Lake City. Virginia Clare E. Crawford '97 Elmont. Washington Howard W. Waterman 1'00 Boston Block Seattle Wash. Wisconsin John K. Fish 'i4 Old Insurance Jdg. Milwaukee. Wyoming Charles F. Mallin '94 Cheyenne. Dist. Col. Phillip E. Winter '83 814 "A " South East Washington. Hawaii Carl S. Smith '96 Hilo. Mexico Hon. Wm. A. McLaren 1 A Jndependencia 36 Mexico City. Switzerland Joseph S. Kennard Lausanne. Japan Abo Shiosuke '93 Tokyo. + NORTHWESTERN U IVERSITY. BRANCHES JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLlNOIS JUDICIAL DISTRICT NO Secretaries. 2. Aaron J. Gould ' 3. Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock '82 4. Charles H. Holt '92 5. Frank C. Van Sellar '97 6. Thomas N. Cofer '96 7. John A. Barber '97 8. John D. Gray '94 9. Conrad G. Gumbart '95 10. Frank S. Fulton '97 . William L. Mc Mahan '92 12. Charles B. Campbell '97 13. Wellington H. Shay '94 14. William J. Sweeney '95 15. Solon W. Crowell '96 16. William M. Mercer '01 17. John E. Goembel '91 Address. Bone Gap. Edwardsville. Salem. Paris. Charleston. Farmers' ' Bank Bldg. Springfield. Havana. Macomb. 419 Observatory Bldg. Peoria. Lincoln. 27 Arcade Bldg. Kankakee. Streator. Rock Island. Oregon. 337 Coulter Blk. Aurora. 502 E. State St. Rockford. ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF WISCONSIN. Graduates Law School Bar W . RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries Admission Bar Illinois N . W . Branson Secretary S Board Law Examiners P Ill. Illinois Supreme Court State State Board Law Examiners " Ottawa Tuesday March Chicago Tuesday May Springfield Tuesday September Mt. Vernon Tuesday December " " State United States " Board Law Examiners Illinois 41 42 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Board . All . Rule 2 Board Law Examiners Law School "Each State. A ' English Algebra Geometry Ancient History Physiology Rhetoric Physics Physical Geography Botany Bookkeeping Medi Modern History English American History English American Literature English Composition . " English American History Literature (Latin ) . " " . University College "2. State "3. State accomTHE LAW SCHOOL. 43 "4. State ( ) ' "5. State 100 "6. Illinois University College State President Secretary University College "7. President Secretary University College ." Rule 5 "An Rule 39 Supreme Court .' LOWDEN HALL (ASSE~ IBLY ROO~ ). HOYNE HALL (CO URT ROOM ). V. DENT AL SCHOOL CHICAGO OIiers ' del1ree Doctor Dental Surgery. . . 1ear 535. University Dental School . Northwestern University Dental School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS EVANSTON Offers M ! . Music . • . Music. 1F School Music Evanston Illinoi•. VII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS EVANSTON Offers . Academy. Young . Northwestern University Academy Evanston Illinoi•. A Academy Grand Prairie Seminary University Onarga Illinois. Special P! . . An . Grand Prairie Seminary Onarga Illinoia. VIII. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women https://plrccollections.org/files/original/83ccb268385f7424b712c1ab0070ff49.pdf 41deac301640e362545759ac16842a36 PDF Text Text SERIES I NUMBER 3 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OFi;:LAW) FOUNDED 1859 OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER, 1902 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO Edmund J. James, A.M., Ph.D. , President Northwestern University consists of eight departments or schools. Four of these (Law, Medicine, Dentistry. and Pharmacy) are located in or near the center of the city of Chicago. The other four (College of Liberal Arts. Theology. Music, and the Academy, are situated in Evanston, the most beautiful suburb of Chicago, immediately adjoining the city on the north. The College Campus is located directly on the shore of Lake Michigan about three miles north of the city limits. For general information relating to the University as a whole, general catalogues, etc . , address University Hall, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. I. THE COLLEGE OF LIBERAL ARTS COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a four years' course leadi~g to Bachelor's degree in Languages and Litera· ture (English. French, German. Italian. Spanish, Latin, Greek, Hebrew); Mathematics (college and advanced); Science (Astronomy, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics. Mineralogy, Geo logy); History (ancient . media,val, and modern); Philosophy. Psychology, Pedagogy, Economics and Politics, and Sociology, and other subJects appropriate to a modern colleg:e. Numerous graduate courses are also offered leading to tbe degree of A.M., and in a few subjects to that of Ph. D. Special advantag:es are offered to the graduates of this college in the professional schools of the University. For further information, addr<;ss College of Liberal Arts, Evanston, Illinois. II. MEDICAL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Th.e hos· pita! and climcal facilities are especially good. This school was the first in the United States to take three important steps in Medical education : the enforcement of the standard of preliminary education, adoption of longer annual courses, and the graded curriculum. lt ranks fourth in attendance among University Medical Schools in the United States. For further information, address Northwestern University Medical School, 2421 Dearborn Street, Chicago. III. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a three years' course in Law leading to the deg-re~ of Bachelor of Laws. Special facilities are provided for a thorough preparation in the practical as well as theoretical aspects of the Law. The library is adequate to all the ordinary needs of the student, including over ten thousand volumes, while the proximity of the Chicago Law Institute Library provides an additional collection of nearly forty thousand which the students are at liberty to use. The students come from all parts of the country, and the courses are arranged with a view to giving them that know!· edge of Law which will be indispensable to them wherever they may practice. For further information, address Northwestern University Law School , Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. IV. SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CHICAGO Offers courses leading to the degree of Graduate in Pharmacy and that of Pharmaceutical Chemist. The course mcludes instruction in general Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Pharmacy, Botany, Microscopy, Pharmacognosy, Dispensing. and Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, including Drug Assaymg, Bacteriolog{· and Sanitary Analysis. It ranks first in attendance among Umversity Schools o Pharmacy in this country. For further infa;rmation, address Northwestern University School of Phar- macy, Northwestern University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago, �NORTHWESTERN UNI VERSITY BU I LDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS ��FACULTY ROOM. �NORTH CORRIDOR . �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. CONTENTS OF No . 3-NOVEMBER, 1902. I. II. VIEWS OF THE NEW QUARTERS DESCRIPTION OF THE INAUGURAL EXERCISES AT THE OPENING OF THE NEW QUARTERS, OCTOBER 20, 1902, WITH THE ADDRESS OF HON . OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES . Application made for entry at the post-office at Chicago, Ill., as second-class matter. �DESCRIPTION OF THE INAUGURAL EXE~ CISES AT THE OPENING OF THE NEW QUARTERS, OCTOBER 20, 1902, WITH THE ADDRESS OF THE HON. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. The new quarters of the School, comprising the third floor of the Northwestern University Building, on Lake and Dearborn Streets, were not completed in all parts until Saturday, October 18th, although the offices had been removed on September 15th, and lectures were begun on the date announced in the calendar, September 24th. A full description of the apartments, with their furnishings, pictures, and other equipment, has already been printed in a separate pamphlet, and was mailed to all alumni on October roth in connection with the notice of the Inaugural Exercises. All the features of the equipment seem to have met with the unanimous approval and commendation of Trustees, Faculty, alumni, and students. With a curriculum not excelled by any law school in this country, the School now possesses every material aid and convenience for carrying on its work with the highest efficacy. The Inaugural Exercises were originally appointed for Friday, October 3d, a date fixed upon as coincident with that of President Roosevelt's visit to Chicago. The President had promised in June to attend the Exercises as a part of the programme of his Chicago visit. But in the midst of the preparations for his arrival the official announcement was made of the abandonment of the Presidential tour in the west. The exercises were therefore postponed until the quarters should be in complete readiness, and the date was fixed for Monday, October 20th. This day, falling on the second of the three days (October 19-21) already appointed for the Installation Ceremonies of President James, was the more appropriate because of the opportunity thus afforded for uniting the celebrations and for exhibiting the quarters to the many alumni and delegates of other Universities who were to come to Chicago and Evanston to attend the Installation. The Honorable Oliver Wendell Holmes, Chief J ustice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, and recently nominated to be Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, �THE LAW SCHOOL. 3 had in June accepted an invitation to attend the Inaugural Exercises as the guest of the University, and now consented to deliver the address on that occasion. Since Booth Hall was limited in its seating capacity to 300, it was found necessary to restrict the invitations chiefly to alumni (2 50 in number), and besides these to include only the Trustees, the Federal and State Judges in Chicago, the Faculty of the School, the Deans of other Departments of the University, the Deans of other law schools in Chicago, the President of the Chicago Bar Association, and the Librarian of the Chicago Law Institute, with a few others including donors to the equipment of the school and members of the Bar attending the Installation as delegates from other Universities. To the reception which followed the exercises were invited all alumni who could not be accommodated in Booth Hall and all members of the Chicago Bar. As the officers of the evening were appointed Honorable Oliver H. Horton, First Vice-President of the Board of Trustees (and formerly Chairman of the Trustees of the Union College of Law), as presiding officer, and Rev. Charles M. Stuart, D.D., professor in the Garrett Biblical Institute, as chaplain. At 6 P. M. Mr. Chief Justice Holmes was the guest of honor at a dinner given at the University Club by the Faculty of the School; the other guests being President Charles W. Needham, LL.D., of Columbian University, Washington, D . C.; Professor Alfred Nerincx, LL.D., of the Faculty of Law of the University of Louvain, Belgium; Professor Frederick Parker Walton, LL.D., Dean of the Faculty of Law of McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and delegate from the University of Oxford, England; and Professor William Hoynes, LL.D., Dean of the Faculty of Law of Notre Dame University, Indiana. At 7:45 P. M. Mr. Chief Justice Holmes was received in the Dean's office by the presiding officer and a Reception Committee consisting of Hon. Henry S. Boutell, Hon. James R . Mann, and Hon. George E. Foss-members of Congress from Chicago-the last two being alumni of the School, and the first being a Trustee of the University. At the same hour the Judges, together with the other invited guests, the Trustees of the University, and the Faculty of the School., assembled in the Faculty Room. Meanwhile the alumni had been seated in Booth Hall, and the students had been drawn up by classes in opposite ranks, in the north corridor; Mr. McKinney, '03, Mr. McAuley, '04, and Mr. Dewes, '05 , acting as Marshals. At 8 P. M. the procession passed from the Faculty Room, down the north corridor and between the ranks of students, to the �4 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Assembly Room (Lowden Hall) ; the Judges being headed by Hon. James Jenkins, senior judge of the Federal Circuit Court of Appeals and Hon. Peter S. Grosscup, of the same Court , and formerly Dean of the School; the Trustees, by H. H . C. Miller, Esq., Second VicePresident of the Board, and Henry S. Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law Committee; and the Faculty, by Harvey B . Hurd, LL.D., professor emeritus. In the Assembly Room, Hon. Frank Orren Lowden, '87, President of the Alumni Association, addressing Mr. Chief Justice Holmes, presented a diamond-point with which to inscribe on a glass panel his name and the date of his visit. This panel will be set into the tiles of the chimney-piece over the fire-place of Lowden Hall, as a permanent memorial of the occasion. After the ceremony of inscription, the procession was resumed to Booth Hall, whither in the mean time the students had marched, proceeding in double-file through the Library. In Booth Hall, on the rostrum were seated Mr. Chief Justice Holmes, the Presiding Officer, the Chaplain, Professor Hurd, and the Dean of the School; on the floor, on either side facing the rostrum, were seated the Trustees, the Faculty, and the invited guests; on the banks in the body of the Hall, the alumni; and the students remained standing in ranks against the walls. The Chaplain pronounced the invocation; and the Dean of the School then addressed the Presiding Officer as follows : "Mr. President, it is my duty to notify you that the quarters so generously and wisely provided for us by the Board of Trustees, aided by the contributions of many alumni and other friends, are now ready for occupancy. Forty-three years have passed since the founding of the School. Destiny has at last brought us, in material equipment, something worthy of our aspirations in scholarship and our standards in work. For this we thank heartily all those whom you represent; and we now await your pleasure." The Presiding Officer then responded as follows: "Mr. Dean, in the name and on behalf of the Trustees of the Northwest ern University, I now deliver to you, as dean of the Faculty of the Law School, these halls and accessories. But few, if any, law schools in the country have such handsome, commodious, and well-equipped accommodations, in immediate proximity to the courts, to the great law and other libraries and to the law offices. Did time permit, it would give me great pleasure to allow memory and affection to dictate fitting words relating to the Hon. Thomas Hoyne, LL.D., the founder of this school; the Hon. Henry Booth, LL.D ., the first teacher and dean, and to other professors, as well as to the alumni; many of whom have attained distinction at the bar and upon the bench. I now place �THE LAW SCHOOL. 5 in your hands the keys of this department of the University. The responsibility resting upon you is great. We trust that all your hopes and anticipations of prosperity and success may be fully realized. Gentlemen of the Bench and of the Bar, Alumni, and other guests and friends: The Trustees of this University bid you a hearty welcome, and bespeak your support and encouragement as this School shall continue to hold high the standard of qualifications required for admission to the bar. "We are greatly honored to-day by the presence of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts. The opinions which have been rendered by that Court have been, and will long continue to b e, cited and regarded, in this and other countries, as among the best legal authorities. Their high standard has been fully maintained during the incumbency of the present learned Chief Justice. ' A true knight of learning-the world holds him dear, Love bless him, joy crown him, God speed his career.' "Gentlemen, I take great pleasure in now ·presenting to you the Chief Justice of the Supreme Judicial Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Honorable Oliver Wendell Holmes." Mr. Chief Justice Holmes then spoke as follows: "Mr. President and Gentlemen: Nature has but one judgment on wrong conduct-if you can call that a judgment which seemingly has no reference to conduct as such-the judgment of death. That is the judgment or the consequence which follows uneconomical expenditure if carried far enough. If you waste too much food you starve; too much fuel, you freeze; too much nerve tissue, you collapse. And so it might seem that the law of life is the law of the herd; that man should produce food and raiment in order that he might produce yet other food and other raiment to the end of time. Yet who does not rebel at that conclusion? Accepting the premises, I nevertheless almost am prepared to say that every joy that gives to life its inspiration consists in an excursion toward death, although wisely stopping short of its goal. Art, philosophy, charity, the search for the North Pole, the delirium of every great moment in man's experience-all alike mean uneconomic expenditure-mean waste-mean a step toward death. The justification of art is not that it offers prizes to those who succeed in the economic struggle, to those who in an economic sense have produced the most, and that thus by indirection it increases the supply of wine and oil. The justification is in art itself, whatever its economic effect. It gratifies an appetite which in some noble spirits is stronger than the appetite for food. The principle might be pressed even further and be found to furnish art with one of �6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. its laws. For it might be said, as I often have said, and as I have been gratified to find elaborated by that true poet Coventry Patmore, that one of the grounds of resthetic pleasure is waste. I need not refer to Charles Lamb's well-known comments on the fallacy that enough is as good as a feast. Who does not know how his delight has been increased to find some treasure of carving upon a medireval cathedral hidden in a dark alley,-to see that the artist has been generous as well as great, and has not confined his best to the places where it could be seen to most advantage? Who does not recognize the superior charm of a square-hewed oak beam over a joist set on edge which would be enough for the work? To leave art, who does not feel that Nansen's account of his search for the pole rather loses than gains in ideal satisfaction by the pretense of a few trifling acquisitions for science? If I wished to make you smile I might even ask whether life did not gain an enrichment from neglected opportunities which would be missed in the snug filling out of every chance. "But I am not here to press a paradox. I only mean to insist on the importance of the uneconomic to man as he actually feels to-day. You may philosophize about the honors of leisure as a survival; you may, if you like, describe in the same way, as I have heard them described, the ideals which burn in the center of our hearts. None the less they are there. They are categorical imperatives, They hold their own against hunger and thirst; they scorn to be classed as mere indirect supports of our bodily needs, which rather they defy; and our friends the economists would do well to take account of them, as some great writers like M. Tarde would take account of them, if they are to deal with man as he is. "No doubt already you have perceived the reason why I have insisted here upon this double view of life. The special value of a university is that it moves in the twofold direction of man's desires which I have described. I have listened with interest to able business men when they argued and testified that a university training made men fitter to succeed in their practical struggles. I am far from denying it. No doubt such a training gives men a large mastery of the laws of nature under which they must work, a wider outlook over the world of science and of fact. If it could give to every student a scientific point of view, if education could make men realize that you cannot produce something out of nothing and make them promptly detect the pretense of doing so with which at present the talk of every day is filled, I should think it had more than paid for itself. Still more should I think so if it could send men into the world with a good rudimentary knowledge �THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 of the laws of their environment. I cannot believe that anything else would be so likely to secure prosperity as the universal acceptance of scientific premises in every department of thought . But besides prosperity there is to bee onsidered happiness , which is not the same thing. The chance of a university to enlarge men's power of happiness is at least not less than its chance to enlarge their capacity for gain. I own that with regard to this , as with regard to every other aspiration of man, the most important question seems to me to be, what are his inborn qualities? "Mr. Ruskin's first rule for learning to draw, you will remember, was, Be born with genius. It is the first rule for everything else. If a man is adequate in native force, he probably will be happy in the deepest sense, whatever his fate. But we must not under-value effort, even if it is the lesser half. And the opening which a university is sure to offer to all the idealizing tendencies-which, I am not afraid to say, it ought to offer to the romantic side of lifemakes it above all other institutions the conservator of the vestal fire. Our tastes are finalities, and it has been recognized since the days of Rome that there is not much use in disputing about them. If some professor should proclaim that what he wanted was a strictly economic world, I should see no more use in debating with him than I do in arguing with those who despise the ideals which we owe to war. But most men at present are on the university side. They want to be told stories and to go to the play. They want to understand and, if they can, to paint pictures and to write poems, whether the food product is greater in the long run because of them or not. They want to press philosophy to the uttermost edge of the articulate, and to try forever after some spiritual ray outside the spectrum that will bring a message to them from behind phenomena. They love the gallant adventure which yields no visible return. I think it the glory of that university which I know best, that under whatever reserves of manner they may hide it , its graduates have the romantic passion in their hearts. " But, gentlemen, there is one department of your institution to which I must be permitted specially to refer-the department to which I am nearest by profession, and to which I owe the honor of being here. I mean, of course, the department of law. Let me say one word about that before I sit down. It was affirmed, I believe, by a man not without deserved honor in his generationthe late Chief Justice Cooley-that the law was and ought to be commonplace. No doubt the remark has its truth. It is better that the law should be commonplace than that it should be eccentric. No doubt, too, in any aspect , it would seem commonplace to a mind that understood everything. But that is the weakness �8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. of all truth. If instead of the joy of eternal pursuit you imagine yourself to have mastered it as a complete whole, you would find yourself reduced to the alternative either of finding the remotest achievement of quaternions or ontology-the whole frame of the universe, in short-a bore, or of dilating with undying joy over the proposition that twice two is four. It seems to me that for men as they are, the law may keep its every-day character and yet be an object of understanding wonder and a field for the lightning of genius. One reason why it gives me pleasure to be here to-day and to express my good wishes for the future and my appreciation of the past of your law school, is that it is here and in places like it that such wonder is kindled and that from it may fly the spark that shall set free in some genius his explosive message. I am not dealing in generalities. I mean more than good will to a law school, simply because it is a law school. Indeed, I almost fear that the intellectual ferment of the better schools may be too potent an attraction to young men and seduce into the profession many who would be better elsewhere. But I am thinking of this law school and no other." At this point the speaker paid a tribute to the work of the Dean of the School, and closed by recurring to his original theme in relation to the function of a teacher of law. "That teaching will satisfy the twofold desire of man; it will be enlightened with intelligent economic views and give men what they want to know when they go out to fight; but also it will send them forth with a pennon as well as with a sword, to keep before their eyes in the long battle the little flutter that means ideals, honor, yes, even romance, in all the dull details." At the close of the address, the procession was once more marshaled, headed by the Presiding Officer and Mr. Chief Justice Holmes, and passed from the west door of Booth Hall, through the Library, to the Faculty Room. Here Mr. Chief Justice Holmes and the various Federal and State Judges who were present (some fifteen in all) held a reception; and during the remainder of the evening several hundred alumni and other members of the bar, together with the students of the School, were presented to the judges by the presiding officer. �L IBRARY (WEST AISLF.) �BOOTH HALL (COURT-ROOM) �L OWD EN HALL (ASSEMB L Y ROOM) ��v. DENT AL SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers a four years' course leading to the dei;ree of Doctor of Dental Surgery. The facilities for the practical and theoretical mstruction in the school are unusually good. The new location is particularly well adapted for the convenience of the students and instructors. The attendance during the last year was 535. It is the largest University Dental School in the world. For further information, address Northwestern University Dental School, No~hwestern _University Building, Corner of Lake and Dearborn Streets, Chicago. VI. SCHOOL OF MUSIC COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers extensive courses in the practical and theoretical study of Music.and is designed to prepare students for the profession as composers, theorists, artists, teachers, or critics. It also makes pro.-iston for the study of Music as a part of general culture or as an accomplishment. It 6tters three or four year courses leading to an appropriate degree in Music. For further information, address School of Music, Evanston, Illinois. VII. SCHOOLS OF THEOLOGY EVANSfON The Garrett Biblical Institute, open to all roung men from anr evangelical church, who are properly recommended as candidates for the Christian ministry, offers a three years' course arranged for classical graduates of approved colleges, leading to the degree ol Bachelor of Divinity: also a four years' course open to college graduates, leading to the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The Norwegian-Danish Theological Department, established to prepare men for the ministry among the Norwegian and Danish peol'_le, offers its students an opportunity to pursue their theological studies in the English, Norwegian, and Danish languages. The Swedish Theological Seminary, organized to meet the increasing demands for educated pastors and missi rnaries among the Swedish population m the United States, offers a lour years' course in Divinity. For further inlormation, address the respective schools, Evanston, Illinois. VIII. ACADEMY COLLEGE CAMPUS, EVANSTON Offers a large variety of courses preparatory to colleg-e and practical life. The proximity of the college department with its many facilities constitutes a great advantage to the Academy. Young men and women will find here opportunity to prepare for any college in the country. For further information, address Northwestern University Academy Evanston, Illinois. A second Academy, under the name of Grand Prairie Seminary, Is maintained by the University at Onarga, Illinois. Special facilities are afforded for J)feparing for college or technical schools, or other higher mstitutions of learning. The location in a small town makes it possible for the authorities to offer low rates of tuition and board. An excellent commercial course is also offered in this institution. For further information, address Grand Prairie Seminary, Onarga, Illinois, IX. PRIVILEGES ACCORDED TO WOMEN Women are admitted to all departments of the University except the Medica School on substantially the same terms as men. For further information as to the Residence Halls for Women, address Dean of Women, Willard Hall, Evanston, Illinois, �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin of the School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series I, Number 3 of the <i>Bulletin of the School of Law</i>. The title was changing and it was a quarterly publication at this point. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins 1902 November Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 November Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES NUMBER 3 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF (UNION COLLEGE OFi LAW) FOUNDED 1859 LAW OFFICE OF PUBLICATION NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF THE ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY NOVEMBER 1902 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO Edmund J. James A.M. Ph.D. President Northwestern University . Four (Law Medicine Dentistry. Pharmacy) Chicago. LAW SCHOOL CHICAGO Offers ' Law ~ Bachelor Laws. Special Law. Chicago Law Institute Library . !· Law . Northwestern University Law School Northwestern University Building Corner Lake Dearborn Streets Chicago.NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUI LDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS FACULTY ROOM. NORTH CORRIDOR. QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF SCHOOL OF LAW. CONTENTS OF No . 3 NOVEMBER 1902. . VIEWS OF THE NEW QUARTERS THE II. DESCRIPTION OF THE INAUGURAL EXERCISES AT THE OPENING OF THE NEW QUARTERS OCTOBER 20 1902 WITH THE ADDRESS OF HON. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES . Application Chicago Ill. . DESCRIPTION OF AT THE THE INAUGURAL OPENING OF THE NEW QUARTERS OCTOBER 20 1902 WITH THE ADDRESS OF THE HON. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. School Northwestern University Building Lake Dearborn Streets Saturday October 18th September 15th September 24th. A October Inaugural Exercises. All Trustees Faculty . With School . Inaugural Exercises Friday October 3d President Roosevelt' Chicago. President June Exercises Chicago . Presidential . Monday October 20th. (October 19 21) Installation Ceremonies President James Universities Chicago Evanston Installation. Honorable Oliver Wendell Holmes Chief J Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts Justice Supreme Court United States THE LAW SCHOOL. 3 June Inaugural Exercises University . Since Booth Hall 300 (2 50 ) Trustees Federal State Judges Chicago Faculty School Deans Departments University Deans Chicago President Chicago Bar Association Librarian Chicago Law Institute Bar Installation Universities. To Booth Hall Chicago Bar. Honorable Oliver H. Horton First Vice President Board Trustees ( Chairman Trustees Union College Law) Rev. Charles M. Stuart D.D. Garrett Biblical Institute . At 6 P. M. Mr. Chief Justice Holmes University Club Faculty School President Charles W. Needham LL.D. Columbian University Washington D . C. Professor Alfred Nerincx LL.D. Faculty Law University Louvain Belgium Professor Frederick Parker Walton LL.D. Dean Faculty Law McGill University Montreal Canada University Oxford England Professor William Hoynes LL.D. Dean Faculty Law Notre Dame University Indiana. At 7 45 P. M. Mr. Chief Justice Holmes Dean' Reception Committee Hon. Henry S. Boutell Hon. James R . Mann Hon. George E. Foss Congress Chicago School Trustee University. At Judges Trustees University Faculty School. Faculty Room. Meanwhile Booth Hall Mr. McKinney '03 Mr. McAuley '04 Mr. Dewes '05 Marshals. At 8 P. M. Faculty Room 4 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Assembly Room (Lowden Hall) Judges Hon. James Jenkins Federal Circuit Court Appeals Hon. Peter S. Grosscup Court Dean School Trustees H. H . C. Miller Esq. Second Vice President Board Henry S. Towle Esq. Chairman Law Committee Faculty Harvey B . Hurd LL.D. . Assembly Room Hon. Frank Orren Lowden '87 President Alumni Association Mr. Chief Justice Holmes . Lowden Hall . After Booth Hall Library. Booth Hall Mr. Chief Justice Holmes Presiding Officer Chaplain Professor Hurd Dean School Trustees Faculty Hall . Chaplain Dean School Presiding Officer "Mr. President Board Trustees . Forty School. Destiny . ." Presiding Officer "Mr. Dean Trustees Northwest University Faculty Law School . . Did Hon. Thomas Hoyne LL.D. Hon. Henry Booth LL.D . . THE LAW SCHOOL. 5 University. . We . Gentlemen Bench Bar Alumni Trustees University School . "We Chief Justice Supreme Judicial Court Massachusetts. Court . Their Chief Justice. ' A Love God .' "Gentlemen · Chief Justice Supreme Judicial Court Commonwealth Massachusetts Honorable Oliver Wendell Holmes." Mr. Chief Justice Holmes "Mr. President Gentlemen Nature . . . And . Yet ? Accepting . Art North Pole ' . . . . 6 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . Coventry Patmore . Charles Lamb. Nansen' ? . " . . . None . They They M. Tarde . "No . ' . . . No . . Still THE LAW SCHOOL. 7 . . . ' . ? "Mr. Ruskin' Be . . . . And . Our Rome . . . They . They . They . They . . " . . Let . Chief Justice Cooley . No . . No . 8 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . . . One . . . Indeed . ." At Dean School . " ." At Presiding Officer Mr. Chief Justice Holmes Booth Hall Library Faculty Room. Here Mr. Chief Justice Holmes Federal State Judges ( ) School . LIBRARY (WEST AISLE) BOOTH HALL (COURT ROOM) LOWDEN HALL (ASSEMBLY ROOM) https://plrccollections.org/files/original/8101da03f264c81fd0056745deb3c9d4.pdf 5f58a33faa069de919d9176ec426ab97 PDF Text Text SERIES I BULLETIN NUMBER I NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON-CHICAGO The SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS, CHICAGO MEMBER OF ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MAY, 190:z �l'l,(lQQi7L,l,.N,. ~ .OA'l"HWC~RNVti!!Vl:'!it:IITl'- ~W 6ci,c~ �NORTHWESTERN UNIVEI,SITY LAW SCHOOL- STREET VIEW. �ROSTRUM I N LECTURE - ROOM. CORNEK I N FACULTY-ROOM �THE NORTH CORRIDOR. -----·WEST AISLE IN LIBRARY. �CORNEK l N THE STUDENTS' ASSEMBLY-ROO~I. CO URT-ROOM. �QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE SCHOOL OF LAW. CONTENTS OF No. r, MAY, FRONTISPIECE: 1902. PAGE FLOOR PLAN OF THE NEW QUARTERS-___ ____ 2 VIEW OF UNIVERSITY BUILDING IN CHICAGO ___ _____ __________ VIEWS OF ROOMS IN THE NEW QUARTERS _________________ _ _ CALENDAR OF SESSIONS FOR 3 4-6 1902-1903 _ ________ ______________ _ 8 PROSPECTUS OF THE BULLETIN FOR 1902-1903 _____ ------ __ ___ _ 9 LI ST OF FACULTY APPOINTMENTS FOR THE PAST YEAR ___ ____ 10 CHRONICLE OF LE CTURE COURSES GIVEN DURING THE PAST YEAR --- --- --------- --- -- ------------ - ------------- - - - ---_ 12 ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEW COURSES IN PRACTICE FOR THE YEAR 1902-1903 ____ __ ---- ---- ---- ------ ---- ---- --- -- - ------ ------ 16 LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE PAST YEAR ___ ___ 25 RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS ________ _ _____ 32 ALUMNI NEws : - Officers of the recently formed branches of the Alumni Association __ ____ ------ ---- ------ --- - - --- ------ ---- ---- ---Meetings announced ·for May and June:Annual Banquet of the Alumni Association ______________ Reception to Professor Hurd __________________ _____ _____ Commencement Exercises ____ ___________________________ Recent action of the Board of Trustees ~n larging the Faculty and incr easing the School Library and Equipment_ ______ _ Description of the New Quarters __ ________________________ Biographical Sketches of recent Appointees to the Faculty __ Biographical Sketch of Professor Hurd _____________________ 35 38 38 38 39 40 41 42 Historical Summary ___ ------ ---------------"------- ------- 43 Portraits of the Founder of the School, the First Dean, the Senior Professor, and the President of the A lu mni Association ____________ ----------------------- - ---------- - - - 45-48 7 ��CALENDAR. 1902. September 22, Monday, September 2 3, Tuesday, Registration Day for New Students. Registration Day for Applicants for Advanced Standing. September 24, Wednesday, Registration Day for Other Students. September 25, Thursday, Lectures Begin. November 27, Thursday, T_hanksgiving Recess. December 20, Saturday, Lectures close for Christmas Re~ cess. 1903. January 5, Monday, Thursday, January 29, Monday, February 2, February 7, . Saturday, Monday, February 9, February 12, Thursday, Saturday, May 23, Thursday, May 28, Thursday, June 18, Christmas Recess Ends, Lectures begin. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. Lincoln's Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement. 8 ��PROSPECTUS OF THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN FOR 1902-1903. The BULLETIN of the Law School will be hereafter issued quarterly, with a view to informing the alumni more fully and regularly of the events of interest occurring from time to time, and of chronicling the various special addresses and proceedings that take place in connection with the School's work. The contents, so far as can be specifically announced beforehand, will include the following topics of interest: No. 1, May, 1902-As set forth in the Table of Contents. No. 2, August, 1902-A report of the Annual Banquet of the Alumni Association, on June 12th; a report of the Commencement Day exercises; a list of the Graduating Class and of the prizes awarded; and a list of the remaining appointmen ts to the Faculty for r 902- 190 3, with biographical sketches. No. 3, November, 1902-A report of the inauguration exercises upon entering the new quarters, in October; a report of the meeting of the Alumni Association on that occasion; and a set of photographic views of the various rooms in the new quarters. No. 4, February, 1903-A report of various special addresses delivered in the School up to that time; a complete list, so far as ascertainable, of the addresses of alumni; and the reports from the secretaries of the various branches; these .l ast to be printed in an earlier number if feasible. Every member of the Alumni Association will be regularly supplied with a copy of the BULLETIN. The subscription price to others will be fifty cents a year. 9 �LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY DURING THE YEAR 1901-1902.* ~ DANIEL BONBRIGHT, LL.D., Acting President ef tke University. EDMUND JANES JAMES, PH.D., President of tk" University (from April 1, 1902). JOHN HENRY WIGMORE, (A.M., Harvard University; LL.B., Harvard University) Prefessor ef Law and Dean of tke Faculty. HAR VEY BOSTWICK HURD, (LL.D., Northwestern University) Prefessor of Law. EDWARD AVERY HARRIMAN, (A.B., Harvard University; LL.B., Boston University) Prefessor ef Law. BLEWETT LEE, (A. M., Harvard University; LL.B., Harvard University) Professor ef Law. EDWIN BURRITT SMITH, (A.M ., Oberlin University; LL.M., Yale University) Prefessor ef Law. JULIAN WILLIAM MACK, (LL.B., Harvard University) Prefessor ef Law. HON. NATHANIEL CLINTON SEARS, (A.M., Amherst College; LL.D., Northwestern University; Judge of the Appel· late Court, First District of Illinois) Professor ef Law. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE, (A.M., Yale University; LL.B., Harvard University) Assistant Prefessor ef Law. ALBERT MARTIN KALES, (A.B., Harvard University; LL.B., Harvard University) Assistant Professor o/ Law, * Arranged, within each group, with the exception of the President and Dean, in the order of appointment. IO �THE LAW SCHOOL. I I SAMUEL ADAMS, (A.B., Harvard University; LL.B., Northwestern University) Professor of Law. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE, (A.B., Amherst College; LL.B., Northwestern University) Assistant Professor of Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD, (A.M., Harvard University; LL.B., Harvard University; ·Assistant Corporation Counsel to the City of Chicago) Instructor in Law. LESTER LE GRAND BOND, Lecturer on Trade-Mark and Copyright. HON. PETER STENGER GROSSCUP, (A ,M., Wittenberg College; LL.B., Boston University; LL.D., Knox and Wittenberg Colleges ; Judge of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals) Lecturer on International Law. LOUIS LEE DENT, (A.B., Harvard University) Lecturer on Practice. ROBERT CLOWRY CHAPMAN, (LL.B., University of Michigan) Lecturer on Telephone and Telegraph Companies. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM, (LL.B ., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Patents. CHARLES BYRD ELDER, (LL.B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Extraordinary Legal Remedies. MITCHELL DA VIS FOLLANSBEE, (A.B., Harvard University: LL.B., Northwestern University) Lecturer on Legal Ethics. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY, (LL.B., Northwestern University) Secretary oj the Law School, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL. CHICAGO. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons applying for admission as regular students must answer the following requirements: I. Age.-They must not be less than eighteen years of age. z. Preliminary Education.-A candidate for a degree must have _ a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school. For the proof of such education required, see page 33. 3. Time of Entrance.-No applicant not coming from another law school will be admitted to the first-year class after the second week in January, for the reason that the courses of study are carefully graded and an acquaintance with earlier courses is necessary for the pursuit of the later ones. Those who do not enter by the beginning of January cannot work with profit to themselves, and are a hindrance to the progress of others. All students intending to enter the school are strongly urged to do so at the beginning of the year. The disadvantage of delay is great, especially to students who intend to practice law in Illinois. ADVANCED STANDING. The requirements in regard to advanced standing, are explained under the title "Degrees," on page 20. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons not desiring to be candidates for a degree may pursue one or more courses as special students, provided they are qualified to pursue such courses to advantage. They will receive a certificate of all work done, and they may at any time enter as candidates for a degree, provided they are qualified under the above requirements. No special student may take more than twenty-five term -hours of work in one year without special permission from the Dean. 12 �THE LAW SCHOOL. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. The following list rep resents the courses of instruction as given in 1901-1902; to this list there will be additions in 19021903. FIRST YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. Contracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Contracts. Harriman on Contracts. Mr. HYDE. Torts-Two hours a week. Ames' and Smith's Cases on Torts. Professor WIGM 0 RE Property (I) (Including Personal Property)-T wo h o urs a week Gray's Cases on Property, Vols. I, II. Mr. KALES. Common Law Pleading and Procedure-One hour a week Andrews Stephen on Pleading, 2d edition; Ames' Cases on Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Criminal Law-Two hours a week. Clark and Marshall on Criminal Law. Professor HURD. SECOND TERM. Contracts (continued)-Three hours a week. Mr. HYDE. Torts (continuedJ-Two hours a week. Professor WrGMORE. Property(/} (continued)-Two hours a week. Mr. KALES. Common Law Pleading and Procedure (continned)-Two hours a week. Professor ADAMS. Master and Servant in Tort-One hour a week. Wambaugh 's Cases on Agency. Professor WIGMORE. SECOND YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. E v idence-Two hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Evidence, 2d edi tion. Professor WIGMORE. Trusts-Two hours a week. Ames' Cases on Trusts. Professor MACK. Agency-Two hours a week. Wambaugh's Cases on Agency. Professor HARRIMAN. Commei·cial Paper-Two hours a week. Huffcut on Negotiable Instruments. Professor MACK. (Omitted in 1902 -1903 and a lternate years.) Equity (/)-Torts. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity , Vol. I. Mr. SCHOFIELD. �14 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Property (II)-Two hours a week. Tiedeman on Real PropProfessor SMITH. erty. Gray's Cases on Property, Vol. V. ing. Eqttity Pleading-Two hours a week. Shipman on Equity PleadProfessor HURD. Sales-Two hours a week. Williston's Cases on Sales. Professor MACK. (Given in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) SECOND TERM. Evidence (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor WIGMORE. Professor MACK. Trusts (continued)-Two hours a week. Comme1-cial Paper (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor MACK. (Omitted in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Property (If) (continued)-One hour a week. Professor SMITH. Sales (continued)-One hour a week. Professor MACK. (Given in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Wills and Admbtistration-One hour a week. Bigelow on Wills. Professor SMITH. Equity (II)-Specifie Performance. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity, Vol. II. Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Omitted in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Equity (III)-Contracts. Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on Equity, Vol. III. Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Given in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Bankruptcy-One hour a week. Professor MACK. Persons and Domestic Relations-One hour a week. Professor \.VIGMORE. (Given in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) ~ttasi-Contracts-Three hours a week. Keener's Cases on QuasiContracts. Professor WIGMORE. (Given in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Bailments and Carriers-Three hours a week. McClain's Cases on Carriers; Beale's Cases on Carriers. Professor WIGMORE. (Omitted in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Telegraph and Telephone Companies-One hour a week for ten weeks. Mr. CHAPMAN. Extraordinary Legal Remedies-One hour a week. Mr. ELDER. �'FHE LAW SCHOOL. THIRD YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. Corporations-Two hours a week. Smith's Cases on Corporations. Professor ADAMS. Practice-(At common law and in equity.) Two hours a week. Judge SEARS. International Law (I)-Two hours a week. Snow's Cases on International Law. Professor WIGMORE. Suretyskip-One hour a week. Ames' Cases on Suretyship. Professor ADAMS, Jurisdiction ef Federal Courts-One hour a week. Curtis on United States Courts. Professor ADAMS, Conveyancing-One hour a week. Gray's Cases on Property, Vol. III; with work in drafting instruments, to count as a second hour. Professor SMITH. International Law (II)-On·e hoar a week, and Diplomacy; topics for original research. American Treaties Mr. HYDE. SECOND TERM, Partnerskip-T~o hours a week. Ames' Cases on Partnership, Mr. LITTLE. Practice (continued)-Two hours a week. Judge SEARS. Conveyancing (continued)-One hour a week. Professor SMITH, _ Corporations (continued)-Two hours a week. Professor ADAMS, International Law (II) (continued)-One hour a week. Mr. HYDE. Constitutional Law (I)-(In General, Police Power, Eminent Domain.) Three hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law, Vol. I. Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Omitted in 1902-1903 and alternate years.) Constitutional Law (II)-(Taxation, Contracts, Commerce, War, etc.) Three hours a week. Thayer's Cases on Constitutional Law, Vol. II. Mr. SCHOFIELD, (Given in 1902-1903, and alternate years.) The courses in Constitutional Law are also open as electives to members of the second-year class. No second-year student, however, may take courses amounting to more than 25 term-hours, or an average of 1 z ½ hours a week for the year, without special permission from the Secretary; and no second- �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. year student may take any other third-year courses than those in Constitutional Law without special permission. COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTED TOW ARD A DEGREE. Trade-Marks and Copyrights-Six lectures. Patents-Three or more lectures. General Review-Thirty-six lectures. Legal Ethics-Four lectures. Mr. Mr. Mr. BOND. LINTHICUM. Mr. DENT. FOLLANSBEE. SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING, SPEAKING, AND PRACTICE. In addition to the above described courses of systematic instruction in the body of the law, the following special training is offered in certain important details of legal writing, speaking, and practice, which help materially to equip the accomplished lawyer. I. Thesis. It is the desire of the Faculty to encourage original research by students. Any member of the third-year class may therefore obtain credit to an amount not exceed,ing two term-hours by presenting a satisfactory thesis upon some legal topic approved by a member of the Faculty before October ISt. The thesis must be presented on or before May rst of the year in which the student expects to graduate; it must be printed on the typewriter or otherwise, and is to be kept permanently in the school ; the work should be begun- in October. The Lee prize, noted on p. 20, is awarded for the best thesis. 2. Moot Courts and Briefs. For the purpose of training students in the independent investigation of legal questions and in the preparations of briefs, Moot Courts are held weekly during the greater part of the year, in which the instructors preside as judges, and the members of the class prepare briefs and make oral arguments upon difficult cases given out beforehand. Each member of the second and third year classes has an opportunity to take part as counsel in these exercises. Application must be made on or before October 1st. The student may take the work in Moot Court either in his second or in his third year, or in both years, and will receive credit for one term-hour for work satisfactorily done therein. 3. Practice Court. In 1902-1903, a Practice Court, conducted according to the most approved methods, will be open to members of the second-year and the third-year classes. In this Court the procedure in various sorts of litigation will be practically exemplified, �THE LAW SCHOOL. oy taking the student through all the stages of a suit at law, requiring him to draft papers, make motions, conduct trials, and otherwise familiarize himself, before graduation, with the machinery of a Court in actual operation. The public sessions of the Court will be once a week through the year. 4. Practical Work witk Clients. In 1902-1903, the School expects t o resume, on a larger scale, its share of an undertaking in which it made a temporary beginning a few years ago~the charitable work of a Legal Aid Bureau. This Bureau will be conducted by an experienced member of the Bar, having among his assistants a limited number of qualified members of the . third-year class. It will meet every day, either at the School or elsewhere, and attend to the cases of persons applying for aid. Its object is to protect from injury some of the hundreds of persons who, in a great metropolis like Chicago, are daily suffering wrong and oppression because they are too poor to obtain good legal advice. It is essentially a charitable institution; but the experience which it gives to those advanced students who take part in it is of great value as an introduction to the practical work of applying their knowledge and dealing with clients. 5. Public Speaking. The function of a lawyer as the persuasive adviser and leader of men needs for its development some training in oral argument and debate, use of the voice, conduct of meetings and the like. Such a course of training will be offered in 1902·1903, in the following three parts: (a) Argument and Debate. An exercise of two hours, once a week throughout the year, in a class of two sections, meeting alternately, will be conducted by Professor J. SCOTT CLARK of the College of Liberal Arts. (b) Voice Training. An exercise of two hours, once a week through the first term , in a class of two sections, meeting alternately, will be conducted by one of the Faculty of the Cumnock School of Oratory. (c) Parliamentary Practice, An exercise of two hours, once in two weeks through the first term, will be conducted by Professor JOSEPH W. ROBERT, of the Robert School of Parliamentary Law. This course in Public Speaking will be open to all students on payment of the fee noted on page 23, and may be taken a second or a third time without fee. The Towle prize, noted on page 20, awarded for proficiency in public speaking, is open to those only who have taken this course. 6. Special Addresses on Legal Practice. In 1902-1903, on one evening in alternate weeks, an address will be given, by some well known member of the Bar, upon some topic of practice in which he �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. has had special experience and in which the communication of personal experience is of special value as a guide to others. These addresses will deal with the practice on such topics as the following: Eminent Domain, Personal Injuries, Municipal Ordinances,Justices' Courts, Special Assessments, Criminal Courts, Corporate Organization, Insurance Policies, Chattel Mortgage Foreclosures, Juries, Making Up a Trial Record, etc., etc. 7. Special Addresses on Commercial Methods. In 1902-1903, on one evening in alternate weeks, an address will be given, by some representath·e citizen of Chicago, on the methods of business in the leading departments of commerce and industry. The purpose of this course is to do something towards removing that ignorance which most young lawyers exhibit of the actual operations of business upon which they are asked to give legal advice, and to stimulate students to greater efforts to equip themselves more adequately in that respect. The addresses will deal with their subjects in the most concrete and practical manner, and will describe the customary documents, books, and detailed operations of such special branches as the following: Board of Trade, Banks, Railroads, Stock Exchange, Insurance, Wholesalers and Jobbers (in various lines of goods), Exporters and Importers, Real Estate Loans, etc., etc. SYSTEM OF STUDY AND INSTRUCTION . . The modes of instruction are varied, and depend more or less upon the individuality of the instructor and the character of the particular course. The study of cases under the instructor's direction is in almost every course the chief basis of the student's work. The object of the instruction given is not merely to secure familiarity with the rules of law as actually enforced, but also to develop a legal mind, to train the student in the art of leg:fl reasoning, and to cultivate the faculty of sound legal common sense; in short, to prepare for the practical work of giving intelligent legal advice upon actual situations laid before an attorney by a client. It is desirable that the student should, if possible, devote bis time exclusively to his work in the Law School. The constantly increasing complexity of the law demands a thorough acquaintance with legal principles, which can be obtained only in a law school, and the work required of a student in this school is amply sufficient to occupy all his time. Many students find places in lawyers' offices during the �THE LAW SCHOOL. third year in the School; but the student is advised to delay this until after completing the course, not only because of its interference with his thorough preparation in the law, but also because the tendency among practicing lawyers is increasing to prefer, for assistants, those who have graduated and are admitted to the Bar, and to pay adequate compensation to such persons only. The experience to be gained in the school's Legal Aid Bureau and Practice Court is expected to supply more effectively the experience sought in a lawyer's office. The School endeavors to find desirable places for its students upon graduation, and those who graduate with credit are fairly certain to be thus provided for. The compensation given is subject to no general and accepted scale, but in most of the desirable offices it ranges from $5 to $15 a week during the first year of service. LIBRARY FACILITIES. The School's own Library contains over 3,000 volumes. This includes (r) the treatises most needed for reference; (2) all the English reports since 1863; (3) a series of reprints, now in C<:lUrse of publication, of all other English Reports; (4) the complete series of the National Reporters containing the decisions of all the Supreme Courts of the States and Territories; (5) the Official Reports of the Courts of Illinois, the United States, and the other States whose decisions are most needed for the study of their local law. By Sept. r, 1902, some 7,000 more volumes will be added, including the remaining American reports. Bllt the amplest facilities for extended research are placed at the disposition of students by the courtesy of the Chicago Law Institute, located in the County Building, two blocks from the School premises. Each student is given, without charge, a certificate entitling him to the use of this Library. It contains nearly 40,000 volumes, and in extent of resources ranks among the first half-dozen in the country. Students have also the benefit, without charge, of the Chicago Public Library, located three blocks from the new �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. 20 quarters of the School, and containing' 276,000 volumes; of the Crerar Library, devoted especially to scientific works, and containing 76,00·0 volumes; and of the Newberry Library, containing 250,000 ;olumes. PRIZES. , The Towle Prize-A prize of fifty dollars, the gift of Henry S. Towle, Esq., Chairman of the Law School Committee of the Board of Trustees, will be awarded for proficiency in public speaking, on conditions to be announced later. 2. The Lee Prize-A prize of fifty dollars, the gift of Blewett Lee, Esq., formerly professor in the School, will be awarded in 19021903, to that member of the graduating class who presents the best thesis; but the Faculty reserve the right not to award this prize if no thesis should be presented having sufficient merit to justify this distinction. 3. The Callaghan Prize-A prize of fifty dollars in books to be selected from their own publications, the gift of Messrs. Callaghan . and Company, of Chicago,- will be awarded annually to the member of the graduating class having the best record in scholarship for th.e entire course. In 1901 the Callaghan Prize was awarded to Arthur Thomas Galt, A. B., of Chicago. I. DEGREES. All degrees are conferred at the general University Commencement. On this occasion all candidates for degrees are required tb present themselves in person, the Oxford cap and gown being worn as the official dress. I. BACHELOR OF LAWS. The degree of Bachelor of Laws will be conferred by the Trustees of the University upon students who are recommended therefor by the Faculty of the School. Such students will be recommended as, in the judgment of the Faculty, are of fit character and have complied with the following requirements: I. Attendance-Regular attendance for three years is required of all students with the following exceptions: 1. Students who have studied law for one year, either in a college, a law school, or an attorney's office, may obtain a degree in two years. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 21 2. Students who have satisfactorily completed two years' study in a law school in good standing may obtain a degree in on e year. 3. Students who have satisfactorily completed one year's study in a law school in good standing, and who have also studied law for one year, either in a college, a law school, or an attorney's office, may become candidates for a degree in one year by obtaining special permission from the Dean. II. R egistration-Candidates for a degree must register for work amounting to at least ten hours a week for each year. III. Course of Study- All candidates for a degree must pass ex· aminations in courses amounting to sixty term-hours, the equivalent of courses of study of ten hours a week for three years. But persons who have satisfactorily completed a two years' course of study in a law school in good standing will be excused from one-half of the examinations above required . Persons who have satisfactorily completed less than two years' study of law in a college or law school in good standing, may be given credit for this work and be excused from these examinations to such extent as shall be determined in each case by the Dean, The specific subjects in which such credit may be given will be determined by the Secretary at the time of admission. Four grades are given for work done. The grades are as follows : A, excellent; B, satisfactory; C, unsatisfactory; D, failure. A student may not count a course in which he obtains grade C, except he obtain grade A in another course or courses of equivalent amount; and except that h e may count courses in which he obtains grade C to the extent of on e -sixth of the total work required to be done by him in this School for graduation. II. MASTER'S DEGR E E. The Master's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science or Letters will be conferred under the following conditions: A graduate of the College of Liberal Arts of this University, or of some other in which the requirements for the Bachelor's degree in Arts, Philosophy, Science or Letters are equivalent to the requirements for the same degree at this University, may obtain the Master's degree at the same time with the degree of Bachelor of Laws by pursuing, · with the sanction of the Faculty of Liberal Arts, advanced work in subjects approved by that Faculty, and obtaining credit in such work to the amount of twelve semester-hours; and by presenting a thesis on an approved topic. The courses of �22 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. study may, in part or entirely, deal with legal subjects; but courses of legal study, in order to count for the degree, must be (a) of an advanced nature, (b) not otherwise counted for the degree of Bachelor of Laws, (c) pursued under the direction of a member of the Faculty of the Law School. Students in law intending to become candidates for the Master's degree must register for the same in the College of Liberal Arts and in the Law School on or before the first Monday in October of the year in which they expect to graduate, and must pay the diploma fee of ten dollars. The Master's degree is open upon the same terms to graduates of the Law School who register before the October next following the completion of their professional course. The following subjects have been approved by the Faculty of Liberal Arts, and work therein may be counted for the Master's degree: Constitutional Law, International Law, Administrative Law, Roman Law, Jurisprudence, Legal History. GRADUATE WORK. This School offers no higher degree in law than that of Bachelor of Laws, not believing that the recognition of other degrees in law, except honorary ones, is in harmony with the best dictates of wise University policy. The School offers, • however, to graduates of other law schools who desire to pursue their studies further, special opportunities. The following courses are particularly recommended to graduates of law schools. (1) Constitutional Law. (2) International Law-In this course special research in the problems of international law of consequence to this country is provided for. (3) Practice-In this course a thorough training is given in practice at common law and in equity, with special reference to the needs of members of the Illinois bar. (4) Conveyancing-In this course special attention is paid to the forms of deeds and other legal instruments in common use. (5) General Review-A general review of the law is offered to graduates of law schools who wish to prepare for the bar examina- �THE LAW SCHOOL. tion in Illinois. This course is given four times a year, beginning about six weeks prior to each bar examination. The course is open to all students who satisfy the instructor that they have had sufficient training in law. (6) Original Research-The Faculty desires to encourage original research on the part of law school graduates. Special arrangements may be made with members of the Faculty for the pursuit of original investigation in any legal subject. FEES. These fees are subject to change, but will not be changed ' so as to affect any student after he has entered the School. 1. The tuition fee for regular students is one hundred and five dollars a year, payable in three installments of thirtyfive dollars each, October 1st, January 10th, and April 1st. A rebate of five dollars is allowed to students who pay the entire tuition in advance on October 1st. This fee entitles a student to take only the regular work of the class in which he registers. 2. Fees for special students are calculated on substantially the above basis. For any course the fee is five doliars for each hour per week of classroom-work for a half-year. · A fee of two dollars will be charged to all students taking the course in Public Speaking; but, after one payment of this fee, the course may be taken in any ensuing year without charge. 3. All fees for special courses are payable at the beginning of each course. 4. Students taking other than the regular work of the class pay fees as special students for the courses taken. 5. A matriculation fee of five dollars is payable by all students at the time of entering the School. 6. A fee of ten dollars is charged for a diploma conferring the degree of Bachelor of Laws. This fee is payable June 1st, and is refunded if the student fails to graduate. 7. No reduction of fees is made to students who enter the School after the beginning of the academic year. 8. Students are permitted to take those courses only for which they pay tuition, but a student, while paying the regular fee of one hundred and five dollars, may attend without charge any course for which he has paid in any preceding year. / �NORTHWESTERN UNIVER S ITY. 9. No fees except diploma fees are refunded for any cause, but a student who is prevented by sickness or otherwi se from attending any course may attend the same course in any subsequent year without charge. ro. The registration of all students who fail to pay their fees at the appointed time is canceled. . Any student whose registration is canceled is required to pay a fee of one dollar for reinstatement. A student whose registration is canceled "' ceases to be a member of the School, and can receive no certificate of attendance for the period during which his registration is canceled. r r. Students may withdraw from the School at any time by giving written notice to the Secretary. Upon the receipt of such notice by the Secretary, the student will be released from his obligation to pay installments of tuition becoming due thereafter. • EXPENSES OF LIVING. The School is situated within ten minutes' walk of a district in which there are great numbers of private boarding houses. Information as to desirable places can be obtained at the School. The following table exhibits the different scales of expenditure, from which the student may estimate the annual cost of living while at the School. LOW. Tuition ____ ______________ _______ ___ __ __ __ $roe Board (36 weeks)----______ ____ ____ _____ __ rro Room ____________________ __ __ ---- ____ __ 38 15 Washing_________________ ___________ ____ Text-books and Stationery_______________ 30 AVERAGE. $293 $roe 1 35 70 25 40 $37o LIBE R AL. $roe 200 100 35 45 $480 ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS. Five assistant librarians and monitors are appointed annually. These receive free tuition in compensation for their services. Applications for appointment should be addressed to the Secretary of the Law School. �LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE YEAR 1901-1902. RESIDENT BACHELORS OF LAW. Burr, James Henry, St. Charles. Childs, Lester Coffeen, Hinsdale. Green, Everett PaPish, Chicago. Hurlbut, Harry Rogers, Chicago. Jacobsen, John U., Jr., Chicago. Koepke, Charles Albert, Chicago. Langan, John Frederick, Chicago. Lewis, Arthur Gardner, Chicago. Miller, George Haven, Evanston. Pearsons, Harry Putnam, E1•anston. LL.B., Northern Illinois College of Law. A.B., Beloit College; LL.B., Northwestern University. LL.B., Chicago Law School. A.B., University of Michigan; L.L.B., Northwestern University. LL .B., Kent College of Law. LL.B., Northwestern University, LL.B., Chicago College of Law. A.B., Harvard University; LL.B., Harvard University . LL.B., Northwestern University. A.B., Northwestern University; LLB., Northwestern University. Potter, Edwin, LL.B., University of Michigan. THIRD YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates for g-·aduation in 1902.) Adcock, Edmund David, Galesburg. Anderson, William France, Chicago. Ashton, Edgar Lowell, Blanchester, Ohio. Bunta in, Cassius M. Clay, Momence. Cermak, Jerome Jeremiah, Cleveland, Frank Clayton, Chicago. Chicago. Davis, Abel, Dickinson, William Reynolds, Chicago. Chicago. A.B., Knox College. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Ohio Wesleyan University. A.B., Northwestern University. Ph.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Harvard University. Gilman. Dietz, Godlove Orth, 25 �26 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Falter, Frederick William, Fischer, Edgar Bernhardt, Frank, Charles Sigmund, Freeman, Charles Yoe, Chicago. Green, Charles Henry, Hadley, Charles William, Evanston. Wheaton. Haight, George, Rockdale, Wis. Hess, Carl, Hollock, Roland Martin, Holste, August Fred, Chicago. Maco111b. Palatine. Honegger, Peter Gottlieb, Hoy, Eugene Richard, Jeffreys, Ivor, Chicago. Chicago. Knowlton, Clarence Elliot, Lowrie, Alfred Richard, Rochester, Minn. Elgin. Margolis, Bernard, Mauzy, Amon, McDonald, John Peter, McNulta, Donald, Moore, Edward Coleman, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Moline. Oppenheim, Sidney, Pines, George Sergius, Reed, Clark Scammon, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Robinson Warner Hunt, Rogers, Roy Leon, Smiley, Edmund Pillsbury, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Thomson, Charles Marsh, Chicago. Thomsen and von Colditz, Sandor, Tompkins, Alfred Foote, Topliff, Samuel, Chicago. Oak Park. Evanston. Turnell, Charles Allen, Tyrrell, Pierce Crawford, Weinfeld, Charles, Witter, James Franklin, Kankakee. Elgin. Chicago. Ca111bridge. Weston, Herbert Mantor, Chicago. Chicago. Addison. A.B., Princeton University, B.L., Wheaton College. B.L., University of Wisconsin. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Oberlin College. A.B., Yale University. A.B., Yale University. Bh.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Yale University. A.B., Washington and Jefferson College. A.B., Bowdoin College. A.B., A.M., Hedding College. Ph.B., University of Chicago. Zabel, Max William, B.S., University of Wisconsin. . Milwankee, Wis. �THE LAW SCHOOL. SECOND YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates for graduation in 1903.) Baird, James Arthur, Carthage. Block, Manfred Sickle, Platteville, Wis. Campbell, Hilary Erskine, Carrott, Matthew Finlay, Chicago. ~uincy. Crilly, Oliver Daniel, Chicago. Clark,John Woodbury, Crosby, Emery William, Daly, Charles Lawrence, Devine, John, Deering, Thomas Gardiner, Dietz, Cyrus Edgar, Dunbar, David Owen, Paw Paw. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Gilman, Center Point, Ia. Eberhardt, Alfar Maximilian, Eschbach,Jesse Ernes~ C!ticago. Warsaw, Ind. Ewing, Joseph Chalmers, Chicago. Fleming, William, Sabula, Ia. Frank, Lee Julius, Chicago. Guthman, Roy, Headen, Thomas Moulton, roungstown, Ohio. Shelbyville. Hicks, Aeden Rhodes, Chicago. Johnson, Charles Christian, Kay, Fred Hans, Kahn, Julius Maurice, Chicago. Chicago, P etersburg. Keating, James William, Keep, Albert, 2d, Knapp, William Proctor, Chicago. Chicago. Clticago. Kropf, Victor Gustav, Chicago. Kidder, Royce Annan, Kompe l, Morris, Sterling. Clzicago. Lee, Curtis Gilmore, Mayer, Elias, Chicago. Chicago. A.B .. Carthage College. B.L., University of Wisconsin. A.B., Princeton University. A.B., Harvard University. B.S., Cornell College; A.B., Columbia University. Ph .B., Otterbein College. A.B ., University of Chicago. B.S., Upper Iowa University. A.B., University of Chicago, B.S., University of Illinois. A.B., Leland Stanford, Jr., University. A.B., Northwestern University. Ph.B., Iowa College. A.B., Washburn College. B.L., Northwestern University. A.B., Harvard University. �28 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Mergentheim, Morton Adolph, Chicag·o. Mills, Matthew, Chicago. Murphy, Edward James, Mudge, Dick Howard, McClure, V. K. Everett, Evanston. Edwardsville. Cloverdale, Ind. Matthews, Jacob Scott, Chicago. Niles, John Addison, Odell, Benjamin Franklin Jefferson, Peckham, John Judah, Chicago. Chicago. Geneva. Proctor, Harold Peres, Quinlan, Thomas Ambrose, Veroqua. Chicago. Rogers, Rowland Thumm, Chicago. Rosenberg, Hyman, Rose, Charles George, Schafer, Frank Boesher, Swigert, Harry Amos, Shaw, Joseph Lawrence, Chicago. Chicago. El Paso. Council Bluffs, Ia. Geneseo. Schoenbrun, Leo, Jr., Chicago. Thomasson, Nelson, Jr., Chicago. Todd, Leroy Levi, Weigel, William Barton, Milledgeville. Plainview, Minn. A.B., A.M., University of Chicago. A.B., Yale University. Ph.B .. De Pauw University. A.B ., University of Michigan. A.B., Harvard University. , A.B., A.M., St. Mary's College. Ph.B., University of Chicago, A.M., University of Wisconsin. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Princeton University. FIRST YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates for graduation in 1904.) Barber, Clayton Jackson, Springfield. Banning, Walker, Bates, Alfred Ricker, Bays, Alfred William, Oak Park. Evanston. Enfield. Brown, Thomas Baldwin, Camp, Wilbur Lee, Campbell, Herbert John, Chicago. Swan, Iowa. RivePside. Clarkson, John Joseph, Chicago. Clements, Louis, Comerford, Frank Desalles, Fischer, Henry Fred, Follett, Otis William, Evanston. Chicago. Addison. Libertyville. Ph.B., Illinois College, B.S., Knox College. A.B., University of Michigan. Ph.B .. University of Chicago. �THE LAW SCHOOL. Gillam, Walter Lowrie, Chicago, Grover, George Oliver, Gualano, Alberto Nicola, Leland. Sycamore. Hagens, Graddus Remley, Pella, Iowa. Hart, Merwin Michael, Hart, Stephen Price, Hinckley, Francis Edward, Johnson, Alton Francis, Keeley, William Mort, Kepler, Louis Howard, Chicago. Austin, Minn. Evanston. Chicago. Washington, Iowa. Mt. Vernon, Iowa. Kohlsaat, Edward Christian, Chicago. Krueger, Nathan, Lindhout, Dingnus Kloppenburg, Louis, George Lionel, Manierre, Louis, Chicago. Chicago Heights. Chicago. C!,icago. Manning, Curtis Rockwell, Chicago. Mathiesen, vVilliam, Meek, Marcellus Woltz, Miller, Albert Grant, McAuley, Henry Sayrs, Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. McCord, Downer, Chicago. McKinney, Marion Hayes, Pfeifer, Louis, Rutter, Rhea Barton, Chicago. Chicago. Highland Park. Spalding, Raymond, Sherlock, Carl Garfield, Smith, Claude Frederick, Trude, Daniel Pearson, Walsh, Richard Wilson, Chicago. Riverside. Danville. Chicago. Chicago. Weese, Han-y Earnest, Welch, Robert Leslie, H1tntington, Ind. Chicag·o. Wiles, Russel, Chicago. Wozniak, Peter, S01t!lt Bend, Ind. A.B., A.M., Wooster University. Lyceum degree, Vittorio Emmanuele College, Naples, Italy. A.B., Central College. Ph.B ., Cornell College. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Yale University. A.B., University of Chicago. A.B., Yale University. A.B., Yale University. :A.B., Williams College. A.B., Yale University. A.B., University of Chicago. S.B., University of Chica!)"O, �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Amory, Edwin Parkinson, Barnes, James, Church, Friend Lansing, Conner, Benjamin Cohoon, Dorr, Charles B., Gibons, William C., Harrington, Howard Woodford, Marx, Harry S., Menke!, Anthony Martin, Chicago. Evanston. Aledo. Clticago. Berwyn. Princeton. Watseka. Chicago. Chicago. Miller, William Edwin,' Galena, Oltio. McClure, Robert Samuel, Chicago. Schrieber, Frank, Servis, Howard H., Stafford, Elmore Hurst, Stockton, Eugene Manning, Timke, Julius, Wright, Charles, Yomaguchi, Shun, Chicago. B erwyn. Rock Island. Highwood. Elm!wrst. Chicago. rokohama, Japan. A.B., Williams College. B.S., University of Chicago. A.B., University of Chicago. �31 THE LAW SCHOOL. HOLDERS OF ACADEMIC DEGREES . Colleges Represented . Number of Grad ua rcs. Beloit College ____________________________ __ ___ ______ __ ____ ___ _ Bowdoin College ____________ _____ ___________ ___ ___ ______ _____ _ Carthage College __________ _____ _____ __ ____ ____ ______ ___ __ ___ __ Central College ____________ _______ ____________________ ______ __ Columbia University ____ ____ ____ ___ _ ____ ___ _ ____ _____ __ _ ______ 1 Cornell College----- ---------------- - ----- - ----- -- ---- ---- --- - 2 De Pauw University- ·---- ----- - ---- ------------ -- -------- ---Harvard University ___________ _____ ________________ ---- - - -- - --- 5 Hedding College ___ _____ ___ __ _____ _______________ __ ___ __ __ ___ _ Illinois College ______ _____ _________________________________ ___ _ Iowa State College _____________ ___ _______________ ___ __ __ _____ _ Knox College-- ----- ----- ------------------------ - --- --------- 2 L e land Stanford, Jr., University _______________________________ _ Northwestern University ------------------ --- -- -- ------------- 4 Obe rlin College--------------- - ---- -------------- ---- --------- 1 Ohio Wesleyan University_ 1 Otte rbein College _________ __________ ___ ___ _ ____ __ ____ ___ ------ I Princeton University ________ __ _______ ______ ____ ___ ---- - - -- - --- 3 St. Mary's College __ ________________________________ ___ ________ 1 University of Chicago ____ ________________ _______ ____________ __ 17 University of Illinois - ----- --- -- ------------------------------__ _ ____________ ____ _______________ _ 0 ~:;:;:):f ~: ::~;~~:i:-=== Upper Iowa Univ e rsity ____________________ __ __=___ ____ _____ _ ==== ==== ===== ====== === = ====___ == == ==== Vittorio Emmanuele College ( Italy )-- -- ________________ __ ___ __ _ Washburn Colleg e ____ ___ _ ___ ___________ _____ __ ______________ _ Washington and Jefferson College ___ ____________ _____ __ ______ _ Wheaton College ____ ______ ______ ____ ______________________ ___ _ Will iams College __ __________ ________ ____ ___ ___________________ 2 Wooster University _ ____ ____ ________ ________ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ 1 Yale U n;versity __ _ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ___ _ ____ __ __ ____ ____ ____ 8 Tota!_ ________ ________________________ _ ____ __ ___ ___ - -·--' __ 71 Counted twice __________ ________ __ ________________ ________ _ Tota l numbe r of co llege graduates _________________ __ ___ __-- 70 Total number of colleges represented __ _______ _____ ----- --- 31 RECAPITULATION. R es ident Bachelors of L aw __ ____ ___ _________ _________ _ ___ _____ Third Year R eg ular Students _________________________ __ ________ Second Year Regular Students-------- ------------------ - - -- -First Yea r Regular Students _____ __ __________________________ __ Special Students ______________________ ___ ___ ____ _____ _______ - - - II 45 52 45 18 Total _________________ ______ ____ ___________ ___ ____ -- -- - - - - 171 Holders of Aca demic Degrees----- ----------- --- - - --- - ---- ---- 70 Percentage of College Gradu ates _____ __ ______ --- --------------- 41 �ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF WISCONSIN. Graduates of this Law School are admitted to the Bar in Wisc~nsin without exan1ination. RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries in regard to Admission to the Bar in Illinois should be addressed to N. W. Branson, Secretary of the State Board of Law Examiners, Petersburg, Ill. The rules governing admission to the bar in Illinois provide that all applications for admission shall be made to the Supreme Court of the State, and shall be based upon a report of the State Board of Law Examiners; that examinations shall be held "at Ottawa on the first Tuesday of March, at Chicago the first Tuesday of May, at Springfield the first Tuesday of September, and at Mt. Vernon the first Tuesday of December; in each year"; that all applicants for admission must pass satisfactory examinations "upon the law of real and personal property, personal rights, contracts, evidence, common law and equity pleading, partnership, bailments, negotiable instruments, principal and agent, domestic relations, wills, corporations, equity jurisprudence, criminal law, and upon the principles" of the constitutions of the State and of the United States, and legal ethics"; that an applicant who fails to pass such examination shall not be admitted to a subsequent examination within six months of such failure; that each applicant shall pay in advance a fee of ten dollars to said Board of Law Examiners, and shall file affid-avits as to age and citizenship, and a transcript from a court of record of Illinois showing good moral character; that the applicant shall have a general preliminary education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this state, and that he shall have pursued the study of law for the period of three consecutive years of at least thirty-six weeks in each year; and that such study shall have been pursued in an established law school considered by 3?. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 33 the Board to be in good standing, or under the tuition of one or more licensed lawyers1 and that the applicant, if studying under such tuition, has submitted to regular and satisfactory examinations by such lawyer or lawyers during said period, upon each subject. All of above proof must be submitted on prescribed forms. Rule 2 of the Board of Law Examiners, which sets forth the required proof of academic ·e ducation, and governs the admission of regular students to this Law School, is as follows: "Each applicant for admission, upon examination, shall present with his application satisfactory proof in writing that he has had a preliminary general education equivalent to that of a graduate of a high school in this State. A three years' English course, consisting of Algebra, Geometry, Ancient History, Physiology, Rhetoric, Physics, and Physical Geography, each one year; Botany and Bookkeeping, one year; Medireval and Modern History, with special reference to English and American History, one year; English and American Literature, one year; and Zoology and English Composition, one year, will be accepted as such equivalent. "In _case of the omission by the applicant of any one or more of such studies, except English and American History and Literature, the equivalent of such omitted study or studies, in any science, or in any classical or modern language (Latin being especially recommended), will be accepted in lieu of such omitted study or studies. "The proof required by this rule that the applicant has satisfactorily pursued the said studies or their equivalents, for the requisite periods, may be by either one or more of the following instruments: "1. The diploma of any University or College in good standing; or "2. The _diploma of a high school in this State, where such diploma designates the several studies pursued and the length of time devoted to each; or "3. The diploma of a high school in this State, accompanied with the certificate of the principal of such school, �34 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. designating the several studies pursued, and the length of time devoted to each; or "4. The affidavit of a principal of a high school in this State, or other high school teacher or teachers under whom the applicant has studied ( or, in case of the death or absence of such principal or teacher, then the affidavit of any credible witness or witnesses having knowledge of the facts), designating the several studies pursued, the length of time devoted to each, and as nearly as possible, the applicant's degree of proficiency in each study; or "5. The affidavit of the principal of a high school of this State, or of a superintendent of schools having a high school under his supervision, showing his special examination of the applicant for the purpose of an application for admission to the bar, stating the date and place of examination and the time consumed therein, and giving the true and just grade or proficiency shown by such applicant in each study, on a scale of 100; or "6. The diploma of any accredited school, not in Illinois, whose graduates are admitted on a diploma to the freshman class of any University or College, in good standing, in the State or country in which such school is located; such fact to be evidenced by the certificate of the President or Secretary of such University or College, under the corporate seal of the institution; or "7. The certificate of the President or Secretary of any University or College in good standing, under the seal of the institution, that the appli cant has been admitted to the freshman or any higher class of such institution, without conditions, or upon conditions which had since been complied with." Rule 5, defining a law school in good standing, requires that: "An established law school to be considered in . good standing must faithfully teach the several branches of law specified in Rule 39 of the Supreme Court, and must require recitations averaging ten hours or more each week." �ALUMNI NEWS. OFFICERS OF THE RECENTLY FORMED BRANCHES OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. During the past winter the Alumni A ssociation has bee n engaged in forming local Bra nches of the A ssociation in every State and Territory in which th e re are Alumni of the S chool, as well as in each judicial di strict of Ulinois outside of Cook County. A Secre tary has been appointed in nearly every on e of these jurisdictionssome fifty-four in all-and with the further perfection of organization a Vice-President will al so be selected for each Branch. The object of the form a tion of th ese Branches is to promote mutual acquaintance and helpfulne ss among those alumni who are locally a ssociated in pra ctice. The list of offic ers sel ected up to the present date, as furni sh e d by Charles H . Blatchford, Esq., General Secretary of the Association, is a s follows: Alabama .Vice-President William H. H . Judson, Arizona Fre de rick S . Nave, California Bessemer, Ala . Henry B. Wilkinson, Ph oenix, Ariz. Tucson, Ariz. Theodo re vV. Hubbard, Parrott Bldg., San Francisco, Cal. A. Lee Doud, Colorado Georgia Ebene ze r Wake ly, Idaho Albert J. Green, Indiana S ecretary 715 Ernest & Cramner Bldg., Denver, Colo . Val Dos ta, Ga. James E . Babb, Moscow, Idaho. L ewiston, Idaho. Thaddeus M. Talcott, Jr., South Bend, Ind. Indian Ter. Harry Campbell, Iowa Ba rry Gilbert, Kansas Theodore H. Mor rison, Sapulpa, I. T. Ceda r R apids, Ia. 1604 Fairmont Ave. , Wichita, Kan . • 35 �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Kentucky Vice-President Secretary ]. Clyde Nelson, Sharpsburg, Ky, Michigan Henry F. Metzger, Minnesota Hon. Homer B. Dibell, Missouri Jacob A. Ha.rzfeld, Montana Richard A. Harlow, Sault Ste. Marie, Mich. Duluth, Minn. 525 New York Life Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. Helena, Mont. Nebraska Hon. "William J. Bryan, Alonzo P. Tarbox, New Eng. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott, William F. Poole, Jr., Lincoln, Neb. Bennett, Neb. Wolfborough, N. H. 185 Franklin St., Boston, Mass. Oliver L. Brown, New Jersey 26 Telephone Bldg., Newark, N. J, New Mexico John H. Stingle, Andrew M. Adams New York William F. Myers, N. Carolina Albuquerque, N. M. Albuquerque, N. M. Hon. E. H. Gary, New York City. Amsterdam, N. Y. James L. Curtis, Raleigh, N. C. N. Dakota Edward R. Sinkler Ohio Joseph D. Kerr, Oklahoma Claud J. Bryant, Oregon Charles H. Glos, Pennsylvania Forest G. Moorhead, S. Dakota John F. Whitlock, Texas Edward Utah Robert N. Freeman, Virginia Clare E. Crawford, vVashington Francis W. Coler, Grafton, N. D. Hicksville, Ohio. Lawton, Okla. 218 Chamber of Commerce, Portland, Ore, Beaver, Penn. Forest City, S. Dak. Vv. Hander, Waco, Texas. Salt Lake City, Utah. Elmont Va. Bailey Bldg., Seattle, Wash • • �THE LAW SCHOOL. Wisconsin Vice-Presideut S ecretary John K . Fish, Old Insurance Bldg., Milwaukee, Wis. Wyoming Charl es F. Mall in Dist. of Col. Phillip E . Winter, Hawaii Carl S. Smith, Mexico Switzerlan d 37 Cheyenne, Wyo. 814 "A, " South E ast, Washington, D. C. Hon. Wm. A . McLaren, 1 A Independencia 36 Mexico City, Mex. Hilo, H. I. Joseph S. Kennard, Lausanne, Switzerland. BRANCHES IN JU DICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS. JUD. DI ST . NO. 2, 3. 4· 5. 6. 7. S ecreta,·ies. Aaron J. Gould, Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock, Cha rles H. Holt, Frank C. Van Sellar, Thomas N. Cofer, John A. Barber, 8. John D. Gray, 9. Conrad G . Gumbart, IO, Frank S. Fulton, II. 1'2, William L. McMa han, Charles B. Campbell, 13. Wellin g t o n H. Shay, 14. William J . Sweeney, 15. S olon W . Crowell, 16. \\' illiam M. Mercer, 17. John E. Goembel, Address. Bone Gap, III. Edwardsville, Ill. Salem, Ill. Paris, Ill. Charleston, III. Farmers' Nat') Bank Bldg., Springfield, III. Ha van a, Ill. Macomb, Ill. 419 Observatory Bldg., Peoria, Ill. Lincoln, III. 27 Arcade Bldg., Kankakee, III. Streator, Ill. Rock !bland, Ill. Oregon, Ill. 337 Coulter Blk., Aurora, Ill. 502 E. State St., Rockfo rd, Ill. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. MEETINGS ANNOUNCED FOR MAY AND JUNE. I, ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ASSOCIATION. The Annual Ban quet of the Alumni Association will take place on Thursday, June 12th, at 6 P.M., at the University Club, Dearborn St., Chicago. The President of the Association, Frank Orren Lowden, Esq., will pre· side. Officers for the ensuing year will be elected. All former members of the School are invited to be present; and a large attend· ance is expected. A special notice will be sent out to all Alumni in the last week in May, stating the programme in detail. 2. RECEPTION TO PROFESSOR HURD. As a mark of respect and affection for Professor Harvey B. Hurd, a reception will be tendered io him by the students of the school at the University Club, Chicago, at 8 P.M. on Friday, May 23. Professo r Hurd, at his own urgent reque st, retires from active work in the School at the close of this year, forty years from the date of his first appointment to the Faculty, and becomes Professor Emeritus. The programme of the evening takes the form of a Smoke-Talk. The guest of honor recounts some of his experiences in the School and in the Legislature. It is expected also that short addresses will be made by Dr. Nathan S. Davis, Sr., formerly lecturer on Medical Juri sp rudence in the School, relating reminiscences of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas in the old Tremont House; and by Fernando Jone s, Esq., relating his recollections of President Lincoln at the old Tremont House. It is desired in this way to revive the historic associations connected with the site in which hereafter the Law ;:,chool will have its home. The evening will close with song and story. All alumni are invited to be present. 3. COMMENCEMENT. The Commencement Exercises of the University, including the School of Law, will take place at the Auditorium Theatre, Chicago, on Thursday evening,June 19th. All alumni are invited to be present. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 39 RECENT ACTION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ENLARGING THE FACULTY AND INCREASING THE SCHOOL LIBRARY AND EQUIPMENT. In June, 1901, the Board of Trustees acquired the land at the southeast corner of Dearborn and Lake streets, together with the building thereon, known as the Trement House, and proceeded to remodel it entirely, for University uses. In April, 1902, in view of the ample opportunities for enlargement afforded to the Law School in these new quarters (which are described in detail elsewhere in this BULLETIN), the Board voted to provide in the most ample manner for the support and equipment of the School. First, the sum of $10,000 (the income of a quarter of a million of dollars) was added to the annual income of the School. The result of this is to enable the School hereafter to maintain, as the nucleus of its Faculty, a staff of six professors, giving the whole or the substance of their time to the work of research and instruction. With these will be associated as many more experienced members of the bar, in charge of those subject which directly involve drill and training in methods of practice. Besides these, a number of lecturers will deliver courses upon special topics. While thus increasing the School's facilities and requirements for scholarly and scientific study and research, its work will be greatly strengthened in all that pertains to practical skill in the use of legal knowledge. The variety and value of the training hereafter to be offered in such subjects as conveyancing, pleading and procedure, trial practice, and the like, may be gathered from the outline of courses announced on page 13 in this number of the BULLETIN. It may be said that the School's facilities in this department of work will now be unexcelled. Secondly, the Board appropriated the sum of $10,000 for the immediate increase of the Library of the School. This will enable it to complete its collection of the reports and statutes of the various American states and territories, and to add plentifully to its collection of standard text-books and other sources. With this working library, and the privilege of using the 45,000 volumes of the Chicago Law Institute Library for special research, the amplest facilities for scholarly work in English and American law are now available to all its students. Thirdly, the Board guaranteed the completion of the Equipment Fund for the new quarters; and out of this fund abundant provision is being made to prepare those quarters to accommodate adequately the enlarged work of the School. A description of them will be found on page 41 of this number of the BULLETIN. �NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW QUARTERS. In September, 1902, the School will be removed to the Northwestern University Building (formerly the Tremont House), on the southeast corner of Dearborn and Lake streets. The property was recently acquired by the University at a cost of $500,000, and will be remodeled at a cost of $150,000. The Law School will occupy th<! entire third floor, containing a floor space of some 23,ooosquare feet, or more than seven times as much as at present. The quarters will be commodious and handsomely equipped, and will include two lecture-rooms, a court-room, an alumni room, a students' assembly room, several private studies for the school law clubs and similar purposes, besides a set of 200 lockers and the usual office rooms and professors' rooms, as well as a library and reading-room occupying 5,000 square feet in floor space. The students' assembly-room will be spacious and well equipped as a place for rest and conversation, the intention being to make the apartments as comfortable and attractive as possible for those students who have no home accommodations in Chicago. The equipment of this room will provide ample opportunities for mutual acquaintance, and will strengthen the spirit of scholarly • and professional fellowship. The Library reading-room will accommodate at its tables 450 students. The half-dozen private study-rooms will facilitate the private work of groups or clubs. The court-room, equipped with all the usual furnishings, will enable the practicecourt work to be effectively carried on. The spacious locker facilities will enable the students to make the School a convenient abiding-place throughout the day and evening. The alumni room will serve to make the School a headquarters for visiting alumni, and to centralize the influence of the School among the resident alumni of the city. In short, the removal to the new quarters on September 1, 1902, will be the signal for a great advance in the usefulness of the School in all directions, and will mark a new epoch in its important function as an early pioneer and a modern leader in legal education in the West. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 41 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF RECENT APPOINTEES TO THE FACULTY. Of the Faculty appointments designed to strengthen the work of the School in providing training for practical skill in the use of legal knowledge, the following have thus far been mad e: Louis MAY GREELEY, Professor in the Law of Conveyancing, is a native of Chicago; was prepared for college in the schools of that city; graduated from Harvard College in 188o; attended the Law Sc hool of Harvard University for two years; was admitted to the bar in Chicago in 1884; and has been since that date engaged there in practice, particularly in connection with real estate titles. He has published articles on "The Privilege of Witnesses in Federal Courts," "Conditional Estates in Fee-Simple," and other topics. WILLIAM MEADE FLETCHER, Professor in the Law of Equity Pleading and Practice, is a native of Rappahannock Co., Virginia; received his schooling at the Episcopal High School near Alexandria; attended a course of liberal study in the University of Virginia, and in 1890 received from that University the degree of LL.B., and was admitted to the bar. After five years of practice in Montana and Colorado, he came to Chicago, and in 1895 entered into partnership with Hon. Loren Cone Collins. He has published essays on "State Lands," "Taxation of Franchises," "Equity," and other subjects; and has lectured on Equity Jurisprudence, Pleading, and Practice. LEVI HARPER FULLER, Professor in the Law of Practice, is a native of Iowa, graduating from Upper Iowa University in 189(), with the degree of B.S., and from Iowa State University in 1892, with the degree of LL.B. Since 1893, he has practiced in Chicago; and has also had several years' experience as a lecturer on the law of Corporations and as professor in charge of a Practice Court. JoHN HENRY SHELDON LEE, Asidstant Professor in the Law of Crimes and Criminal Procedure, is a native of Kansas; graduated from Harvard College in 1896, with the degree of A.B., and from the Law School of Northwestern University in 1898, with the degree of LL.B.; and since January, 1901, has been Assistant State's Attorney for Cook County. �42 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF PROFESSOR HURD. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD, Professor in the Law of Crimes and of Equity Pleading, who at the close of the present year will retire from active work and become Professor Emeritus, was born in Huntington, Connecticut, in 1828. In 1846 he came to Chicago, and in 1848 was admitted to the bar. From 1860 to 1868 he was associated in practice with the Hon. Henry Booth, first Dean of the School; and in 1862 was appointed Professor of Law. In 1869 he was appointed on a commission of three to compile and rewrite the statutes of Illinois, and circumstances threw upon him alone the greater part of the work. In 1874 the revision was adopted, and Mr. Hurd was appointed editor of the completed volume. He has since published thirteen unofficial ~ditions; and the official volume of 1874 now stands alone in the jurisdictions of this country, as that which has longest remained without official recasting. Three other legislative enactments exhibit the wide range of Professor Hurd's activity and the importance of his influence on the affairs of this State. He originated the plan of creating a municipality distinct from the olty of Chicago, by which means alone it became possible to construct the great Drainage Canal between Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River. He was also placed at the head of the Commission to report upon the Torrens system of Registration of Land Titles; the statute recommended by that Commission was drafted by .him, was then adopted by the Legislature, and was afterward successfully defended by him in argument before the Supreme Court of the State. Professor Hurd has also interested himself actively on behalf of the rescue of juvenile offenders; the recent beneficent statute creating a Juvenile Court was drafted by him, and has since been adopted in Pennsylvania almost verbatim, and in other States in its substance. In 1898 the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws was bestowed on him by Northwestern University. After forty years of almost uninterrupted work in the School, and of more than fifty years of ceaseless and invaluable activity in legislation and at the bar he now claims the privilege of retirement. But he will retain the earnest respect and affection of his colleagues in the School, of his hundreds of disciples in this and past years, and of his thousands of associates at the bar. His career as legislator, practitioner, and professor has been unique in the history of the State. This brief sketch does but scanty justice to his varied labors and achievements. �THE LAW SCHOOL. 43 HISTORICAL SUMMARY. In 1859, the Hon. Thomas Hoyne gave five thousand dollars to establish a law school for the old University of Chicago, and thus became entitled to remembrance as the founder of the fourth law school west of the Alleghanies. Two generations of his descendants have since graduated at the School he founded. The Hon. Henry Booth, LL.D ., was called to be the first Professor and Dean of the School, and served continuously for more than thirty years, until his retirement as Dean Emeritus in 1892. In 1862 the Hon. Harvf'y Bostwick Hurd, LL.D., became professor in the School, and after an almost continuous service of forty years, remains still a member of the Faculty. Though thus distinctly continuous in its work and history, the organic relations of the School passed through several stages. In 1873, it came under the joint control of Northwestern University, and became thereafter known as the Union Coll ege of Law. In 1886 the University of Chicago ceased to have active existence; and in 1891 the College of Law was formally constituted a department of Northwestern University. Throughout these forty-three years of e xistence the School has played an important part in legal education in Chicago and in the West. The most noted names of lega l history in Illinois have been associated with its Board of Trustees and its Faculty. Among the judges who have served on its Board were Thomas Drummond, Mark Skinner, Hugh Dickey, George Manierre, Grant Goodrich, Henry G. Miller, Corydon Beckwith, Oliver Horton, and many others. Among the jurists who have served on its Faculty may be named the Hon. John M. Wilson, judge of the Superior Court, a ripe scholar and an eloquent orator; the Hon. Lyman Trumbull, justice of the Supreme Court, and United States Senator; and James L. High, Esq., the eminent legal author; and others. More than one-fourth of the members of the Ct-iicago bar have rece iv ed their legal training in the School, and nea rly the same proportion of the members of the Illinois bar outside of Chicago. Its alumni are settled in thirty-five States and Territories, from New York to California, and in three foreign countries, and in each of these jurisdictions a branch of the Alumni Association exists. The president of the Association is now Frank 0. Lowden, Esq., of Chicago. In 1892 steps were taken to improve its methods and bring them into harmony with advanced ideas. Since that time the School has �44 NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY, taken the lead in the West in enforcing the best standards of modern legal education. In the enlargement of the curriculum, the extension of the required period of study to three years, the intrcduction of case-study, and the exaction of thorough work, the School has been a pioneer and a leader of this generation in the West. �HON. THOMAS I-J OYNE, Founder of the School. �HON. HENRY BOOTH, LL.D., First D ean of the School. �!·I ON. HARVEY B. H URD, LL.D ., Se ni or Pro fessor. �FRANK 0 . LOWDE N, ESQ., President o f th e Alumni A ssoc iation. ��� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div id="titleText">The Northwestern University Bulletin of the School of Law Collection</div> <div id="photo"><img src="http://plrccollections.org/files/original/30d1e1ea3619048ce48af8dfa399b354.jpg" alt="Bulletins" /></div> Description An account of the resource For more than a century, the Law School regularly published a bulletin featuring information such as the names of the faculty and students, the curriculum, and the programs and publications offered at that time. Several special issues relate to summer sessions, legal topics, and the legal clinic. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletins Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1874-1991? Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Paper Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource <div class="hide">Bulletin: The School of Law</div> Description An account of the resource Series I, Number 1 of <i>Northwestern University Bulletin: The School of Law</i>. The title was changing and it was a quarterly publication at this point. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Bulletin 1902 May Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1902 May Scripto Transcription A written representation of a document. SERIES BULLETIN NUMBER NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY EVANSTON CHICAGO SCHOOL OF LAW (UNION COLLEGE OF LAW) NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY BUILDING LAKE AND DEARBORN STREETS CHICAGO MEMBER OF ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN LAW SCHOOLS PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY MAY ' (lQQi L .N . .OA' "HWC RNVti!!Vl '! IITl' W NORTHWESTERN UNIVEI SITY LAW SCHOOL STREET VIEW. ROSTRUM N LECTURE ROOM. CORNEK N FACULTY ROOM THE NORTH CORRIDOR. · WEST AISLE IN LIBRARY. CORNEK N THE STUDENTS' ASSEMBLY ROO . COURT ROOM. QUARTERLY BULLETIN SCHOOL OF OF LAW. CONTENTS OF No. MAY . THE PAGE FRONTISPIECE FLOOR PLAN OF THE NEW QUARTERS VIEW OF UNIVERSITY BUILDING IN CHICAGO VIEWS OF ROOMS IN THE NEW QUARTERS CALENDAR OF SESSIONS FOR PROSPECTUS OF THE BULLETIN FOR LI ST OF FACULTY APPOINTMENTS FOR THE PAST YEAR CHRONICLE OF LECTURE COURSES GIVEN DURING THE PAST YEAR ANNOUNCEMENT OF NEW COURSES IN PRACTICE FOR THE YEAR LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE PAST YEAR RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS ALUMNI NEws Officers Alumni Association Meetings · Annual Banquet Alumni Association Reception Professor Hurd Commencement Exercises Recent Board Trustees Faculty School Library Equipment Description New Quarters Biographical Sketches Appointees Faculty Biographical Sketch Professor Hurd Historical Summary " Portraits Founder School First Dean Senior Professor President A Association CALENDAR. . Registration Day New Students. Registration Day Applicants Advanced Standing. Registration Day Students. . . Lectures Begin. T Recess. Lectures Christmas Re . Christmas Recess Ends Lectures . Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. First Semester Ends. Second Semester Begins. Lincoln' Birthday. Lectures Close. Examinations Begin. Commencement. PROSPECTUS OF THE QUARTERLY BULLETIN FOR . BULLETIN Law School School' . No. Table Contents. No. A Annual Banquet Alumni Association Commencement Day Graduating Class Faculty . No. A Alumni Association . No. A School . . Every Alumni Association BULLETIN. . LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE FACULTY DURING THE YEAR .* DANIEL BONBRIGHT LL.D. Acting President University. EDMUND JANES JAMES PH.D. President " University ( ). JOHN HENRY WIGMORE (A.M. Harvard University LL.B. Harvard University) Prefessor Law Dean Faculty. HAR VEY BOSTWICK HURD (LL.D. Northwestern University) Prefessor Law. EDWARD AVERY HARRIMAN (A.B. Harvard University LL.B. Boston University) Prefessor Law. BLEWETT LEE (A. M. Harvard University LL.B. Harvard University) Professor Law. EDWIN BURRITT SMITH (A.M. Oberlin University LL.M. Yale University) Prefessor Law. JULIAN WILLIAM MACK (LL.B. Harvard University) Prefessor Law. HON. NATHANIEL CLINTON SEARS (A.M. Amherst College LL.D. Northwestern University Judge Appel· Court First District Illinois) Professor Law. CHARLES CHENEY HYDE (A.M. Yale University LL.B. Harvard University) Assistant Prefessor Law. ALBERT MARTIN KALES (A.B. Harvard University LL.B. Harvard University) Assistant Professor / Law * Arranged President Dean . IO THE LAW SCHOOL. SAMUEL ADAMS (A.B. Harvard University LL.B. Northwestern University) Professor Law. CHARLES GEORGE LITTLE (A.B. Amherst College LL.B. Northwestern University) Assistant Professor Law. HENRY SCHOFIELD (A.M. Harvard University LL.B. Harvard University · Assistant Corporation Counsel City Chicago) Instructor Law. LESTER LE GRAND BOND Lecturer Trade Mark Copyright. HON. PETER STENGER GROSSCUP (A M. Wittenberg College LL.B. Boston University LL.D. Knox Wittenberg Colleges Judge United States Circuit Court Appeals) Lecturer International Law. LOUIS LEE DENT (A.B. Harvard University) Lecturer Practice. ROBERT CLOWRY CHAPMAN (LL.B. University Michigan) Lecturer Telephone Telegraph Companies. CHARLES CLARENCE LINTHICUM (LL.B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Patents. CHARLES BYRD ELDER (LL.B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Extraordinary Legal Remedies. MITCHELL DA VIS FOLLANSBEE (A.B. Harvard University LL.B. Northwestern University) Lecturer Legal Ethics. FREDERIC BEERS CROSSLEY (LL.B. Northwestern University) Secretary Law School NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY LAW SCHOOL. CHICAGO. REQUIREMENTS FOR ADMISSION. Persons . Age. They . . Preliminary Education. A . . . Time Entrance. No . Those . All . Illinois. ADVANCED STANDING. "Degrees " . SPECIAL STUDENTS. Persons . They . No Dean. THE LAW SCHOOL. COURSES OF INSTRUCTION. . FIRST YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. Contracts Three . Keener' Cases Contracts. Harriman Contracts. Mr. HYDE. Torts Two . Ames' Smith' Cases Torts. Professor WIGM RE Property ( ) (Including Personal Property) Two Gray' Cases Property Vols. II. Mr. KALES. Common Law Pleading Procedure One Andrews Stephen Pleading Ames' Cases Pleading. Professor ADAMS. Criminal Law Two . Clark Marshall Criminal Law. Professor HURD. SECOND TERM. Contracts ( ) Three . Mr. HYDE. Torts (continuedJ Two . Professor WrGMORE. Property(/} ( ) Two . Mr. KALES. Common Law Pleading Procedure ( ) Two . Professor ADAMS. Master Servant Tort One . Wambaugh' Cases Agency. Professor WIGMORE. SECOND YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. E Two . Thayer' Cases Evidence . Professor WIGMORE. Trusts Two . Ames' Cases Trusts. Professor MACK. Agency Two . Wambaugh' Cases Agency. Professor HARRIMAN. Commei· Paper Two . Huffcut Negotiable Instruments. Professor MACK. (Omitted .) Equity (/) Torts. Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. . Mr. SCHOFIELD. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Property (II) Two . . Gray' Cases Property Vol. V. Tiedeman Real Prop Professor SMITH. Eqttity Pleading Two . . Shipman Equity Plead Professor HURD. Sales Two . Williston' Cases Sales. Professor MACK. (Given .) SECOND TERM. Evidence ( ) Two . Professor WIGMORE. Trusts ( ) Two . Professor MACK. Comme Paper ( ) Two . Professor MACK. (Omitted .) Property ( ) ( ) One . Professor SMITH. Sales ( ) One . Professor MACK. (Given .) Wills Admbtistration One . Bigelow Wills. Professor SMITH. Equity (II) Specifie Performance. Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. II. Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Omitted .) Equity (III) Contracts. Three . Keener' Cases Equity Vol. III. Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Given .) Bankruptcy One . Professor MACK. Persons Domestic Relations One . Professor \.VIGMORE. (Given .) Contracts Three . Keener' Cases Quasi Contracts. Professor WIGMORE. (Given .) Bailments Carriers Three . McClain' Cases Carriers Beale' Cases Carriers. Professor WIGMORE. (Omitted .) Telegraph Telephone Companies One . Mr. CHAPMAN. Extraordinary Legal Remedies One . Mr. ELDER. 'FHE LAW SCHOOL. THIRD YEAR CLASS. FIRST TERM. Corporations Two . Smith' Cases Corporations. Professor ADAMS. Practice ( .) Two . Judge SEARS. International Law ( ) Two . Snow' Cases International Law. Professor WIGMORE. Suretyskip One . Ames' Cases Suretyship. Professor ADAMS Jurisdiction Federal Courts One . Curtis United States Courts. Professor ADAMS Conveyancing One . Gray' Cases Property Vol. III . International Law (II) On· Diplomacy . SECOND TERM Professor SMITH. American Treaties Mr. HYDE. Partnerskip T . Ames' Cases Partnership Mr. LITTLE. Practice ( ) Two . Judge SEARS. Conveyancing ( ) One . Professor SMITH Corporations ( ) Two . Professor ADAMS International Law (II) ( ) One . Constitutional Domain.) Three Law Vol. . Mr. HYDE. Law ( ) ( General Police Power Eminent . Thayer' Cases Constitutional Mr. SCHOFIELD. (Omitted .) Constitutional Law (II) (Taxation Contracts Commerce War .) Three . Thayer' Cases Constitutional Law Vol. II. Mr. SCHOFIELD (Given .) Constitutional Law . No ½ Secretary secondNORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Constitutional Law . COURSES OF LECTURES NOT COUNTED TOW ARD A DEGREE. Trade Marks Copyrights Six . Patents Three . General Review Thirty . Legal Ethics Four . Mr. BOND. Mr. LINTHICUM. Mr. DENT. Mr. FOLLANSBEE. SPECIAL TRAINING IN LEGAL WRITING SPEAKING AND PRACTICE. . . Thesis. Faculty . Any Faculty ISt. . Lee . . . Moot Courts Briefs. Moot Courts . Each . Application . Moot Court . . Practice Court. Practice Court . Court THE LAW SCHOOL. Court . Court . . Practical Work Clients. School Legal Aid Bureau. Bureau Bar . . School . Its Chicago . . . Public Speaking. . Such · ( ) Argument Debate. An Professor J. SCOTT CLARK College Liberal Arts. ( ) Voice Training. An Faculty Cumnock School Oratory. ( ) Parliamentary Practice An Professor JOSEPH W. ROBERT Robert School Parliamentary Law. Public Speaking . Towle . . Special Addresses Legal Practice. Bar NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. . These Eminent Domain Personal Injuries Municipal Ordinances Justices' Courts Special Assessments Criminal Courts Corporate Organization Insurance Policies Chattel Mortgage Foreclosures Juries Making Up Trial Record . . . Special Addresses Commercial Methods. · Chicago . . Board Trade Banks Railroads Stock Exchange Insurance Wholesalers Jobbers ( ) Exporters Importers Real Estate Loans . . SYSTEM OF STUDY AND INSTRUCTION . . . ' ' . . Law School. . Many ' THE LAW SCHOOL. School Bar . ' Legal Aid Bureau Practice Court ' . School . $ $ . LIBRARY FACILITIES. School' Library . ( ) ( ) English ( ) C< lUrse English Reports ( ) National Reporters Supreme Courts States Territories ( ) Official Reports Courts Illinois United States States . By Sept. American . Bllt Chicago Law Institute County Building School . Each Library. . Students Chicago Public Library NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. School ' Crerar Library · Newberry Library . PRIZES. . Towle Prize A Henry S. Towle Esq. Chairman Law School Committee Board Trustees . . Lee Prize A Blewett Lee Esq. School Faculty . . Callaghan Prize A Messrs. Callaghan . Company Chicago . . Callaghan Prize Arthur Thomas Galt A. B. Chicago. DEGREES. All University Commencement. On Oxford . . BACHELOR OF LAWS. Bachelor Laws Trustees University Faculty School. Such Faculty . Attendance Regular . Students ' . THE LAW SCHOOL. . Students ' . . Students ' ' Dean. II. R Candidates . III. Course Study All · . ' . Persons ' Dean Secretary . Four . A B C D . A C A C School . II. MASTER'S DEGR E E. Master' Arts Philosophy Science Letters A College Liberal Arts University Bachelor' Arts Philosophy Science Letters University Master' Bachelor Laws · Faculty Liberal Arts Faculty . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. ( ) ( ) Bachelor Laws ( ) Faculty Law School. Students Master' College Liberal Arts Law School . Master' Law School . Faculty Liberal Arts Master' Constitutional Law International Law Administrative Law Roman Law Jurisprudence Legal History. GRADUATE WORK. School Bachelor Laws University . School • . . ( ) Constitutional Law. ( ) International Law . ( ) Practice Illinois . ( ) Conveyancing . ( ) General Review A examinaTHE LAW SCHOOL. Illinois. . . ( ) Original Research Faculty . Special Faculty . FEES. These ' School. . . A . . . Fees . . · A Public Speaking . . All . . Students . . A School. . A Bachelor Laws. . . No School . . Students . / NORTHWESTERN UNIVER S ITY. . No . . . . Any . A "' School . . Students School Secretary. Upon Secretary . • EXPENSES OF LIVING. School ' . Information School. School. LOW. AVERAGE. Tuition $ Board ( ) Room Washing Text Stationery $ ASSISTANCE TO STUDENTS. $ $ LIBE RAL. $ $ Five . These . Applications Secretary Law School. LIST OF STUDENTS ENROLLED DURING THE YEAR . RESIDENT BACHELORS OF LAW. Burr James Henry St. Charles. LL.B. Northern Illinois College Law. Childs Lester Coffeen Hinsdale. A.B. Beloit College LL.B. Northwestern University. Green Everett PaPish Chicago. LL.B. Chicago Law School. Hurlbut Harry Rogers Chicago. A.B. University Michigan L.L.B. Northwestern University. Jacobsen John U. Jr. Chicago. LL.B. Kent College Law. Koepke Charles Albert Chicago. LL.B. Northwestern University Langan John Frederick Chicago. LL.B. Chicago College Law. Lewis Arthur Gardner Chicago. A.B. Harvard University LL.B. Harvard University. Miller George Haven Evanston. LL.B. Northwestern University. Pearsons Harry Putnam E • . A.B. Northwestern University LLB. Northwestern University. Potter Edwin LL.B. University Michigan. THIRD YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates · .) Adcock Edmund David A.B. Knox College. Anderson William France A.B. University Chicago. Ashton Edgar Lowell A.B. Ohio Wesleyan University. Buntain Cassius M. Clay A.B. Northwestern University. Cermak Jerome Jeremiah Cleveland Frank Clayton Ph.B. University Chicago. Davis Abel Dickinson William Reynolds A.B. Harvard University. Dietz Godlove Orth Galesburg. Chicago. Blanchester Ohio. Momence. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Gilman. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Falter Frederick William Fischer Edgar Bernhardt Frank Charles Sigmund Freeman Charles Yoe A.B. Princeton University Green Charles Henry Hadley Charles William B.L. Wheaton College. Haight George B.L. University Wisconsin. Hess Carl Hollock Roland Martin Holste Fred A.B. University Chicago. Honegger Peter Gottlieb Hoy Eugene Richard Jeffreys Ivor A.B. Oberlin College. Knowlton Clarence Elliot Lowrie Alfred Richard A.B. Yale University. Margolis Bernard Mauzy Amon McDonald John Peter McNulta Donald Moore Edward Coleman A.B. Yale University. Oppenheim Sidney Pines George Sergius Reed Clark Scammon Bh.B. University Chicago. Robinson Warner Hunt Rogers Roy Leon Smiley Edmund Pillsbury A.B. Yale University. Thomson Charles Marsh A.B. Washington Jefferson College. Thomsen Colditz Sandor Tompkins Alfred Foote Topliff Samuel A.B. Bowdoin College. Turnell Charles Allen Tyrrell Pierce Crawford Weinfeld Charles Witter James Franklin A.B. A.M. Hedding College. Weston Herbert Mantor Ph.B. University Chicago. Zabel Max William B.S. University Wisconsin. .. Chicago. Addison. Chicago. Evanston. Wheaton. Rockdale Wis. Chicago. Maco . Palatine. Chicago. Chicago. Rochester Minn. Elgin. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Moline. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Oak Park. Evanston. Kankakee. Elgin. Chicago. Ca . Chicago. Milwankee Wis. THE LAW SCHOOL. SECOND YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates .) Baird James Arthur A.B .. Carthage College. Block Manfred Sickle B.L. University Wisconsin. Campbell Hilary Erskine Carrott Matthew Finlay A.B. Princeton University. Crilly Oliver Daniel A.B. Harvard University. Clark John Woodbury Crosby Emery William Daly Charles Lawrence Devine John Deering Thomas Gardiner Dietz Cyrus Edgar Dunbar David Owen B.S. Cornell College A.B. Columbia University. Eberhardt Alfar Maximilian Eschbach Jesse Ernes Ph.B. Otterbein College. Ewing Joseph Chalmers A.B. University Chicago. Fleming William B.S. Upper Iowa University. Frank Lee Julius A.B. University Chicago Guthman Roy Headen Thomas Moulton B.S. University Illinois. Hicks Aeden Rhodes A.B. Leland Stanford Jr. University. Johnson Charles Christian Kay Fred Hans Kahn Julius Maurice A.B. Northwestern University. Keating James William Keep Albert Knapp William Proctor Ph.B. Iowa College. Kropf Victor Gustav A.B. Washburn College. Kidder Royce Annan Kompel Morris B.L. Northwestern University. Lee Curtis Gilmore Elias A.B. Harvard University. Carthage. Platteville Wis. Chicago. . Chicago. Paw Paw. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Gilman Center Point Ia. C! . Warsaw Ind. Chicago. Sabula Ia. Chicago. Ohio. Shelbyville. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago P . Chicago. Chicago. Clticago. Chicago. Sterling. Clzicago. Chicago. Chicago. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Mergentheim Morton Adolph A.B. A.M. University Chicago. Mills Matthew A.B. Yale University. Murphy Edward James Mudge Dick Howard McClure V. K. Everett Ph.B .. De Pauw University. Matthews Jacob Scott A.B. University Michigan. Niles John Addison Odell Benjamin Franklin Jefferson Peckham John Judah A.B. Harvard University. Proctor Harold Peres Quinlan Thomas Ambrose A.B. A.M. St. Mary' College. Rogers Rowland Thumm Ph.B. University Chicago Rosenberg Hyman Rose Charles George Schafer Frank Boesher Swigert Harry Amos Shaw Joseph Lawrence A.M. University Wisconsin. Schoenbrun Leo Jr. A.B. University Chicago. Thomasson Nelson Jr. A.B. Princeton University. Todd Leroy Levi Weigel William Barton Chicag· . Chicago. Evanston. Edwardsville. Cloverdale Ind. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Geneva. Veroqua. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. El Paso. Council Bluffs Ia. Geneseo. Chicago. Chicago. Milledgeville. Plainview Minn. FIRST YEAR STUDENTS. (Candidates .) Barber Clayton Jackson Springfield. Ph.B. Illinois College Banning Walker Bates Alfred Ricker Bays Alfred William B.S. Knox College. Brown Thomas Baldwin Camp Wilbur Lee Campbell Herbert John A.B. University Michigan. Clarkson John Joseph Ph.B .. University Chicago. Clements Louis Comerford Frank Desalles Fischer Henry Fred Follett Otis William Oak Park. Evanston. Enfield. Chicago. Swan Iowa. RivePside. Chicago. Evanston. Chicago. Addison. Libertyville. THE LAW SCHOOL. Gillam Walter Lowrie A.B. A.M. Wooster University. Grover George Oliver Gualano Alberto Nicola Lyceum Vittorio Emmanuele College Naples Italy. Hagens Graddus Remley A.B. Central College. Hart Merwin Michael Hart Stephen Price Hinckley Francis Edward Johnson Alton Francis Keeley William Mort Kepler Louis Howard Ph.B. Cornell College. Kohlsaat Edward Christian A.B. University Chicago. Krueger Nathan Lindhout Dingnus Kloppenburg Louis George Lionel Manierre Louis A.B. Yale University. Manning Curtis Rockwell A.B. University Chicago. Mathiesen vVilliam Meek Marcellus Woltz Miller Albert Grant McAuley Henry Sayrs A.B. Yale University. McCord Downer A.B. Yale University. McKinney Marion Hayes Pfeifer Louis Rutter Rhea Barton A.B. Williams College. Spalding Raymond Sherlock Carl Garfield Smith Claude Frederick Trude Daniel Pearson Walsh Richard Wilson A.B. Yale University. Weese Han Earnest Welch Robert Leslie A.B. University Chicago. Wiles Russel S.B. University Chica!)"O Wozniak Peter Chicago Leland. Sycamore. Pella Iowa. Chicago. Austin Minn. Evanston. Chicago. Washington Iowa. Mt. Vernon Iowa. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago Heights. Chicago. C! . Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Chicago. Highland Park. Chicago. Riverside. Danville. Chicago. Chicago. H Ind. Chicag· . Chicago. S ! Bend Ind. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. SPECIAL STUDENTS. Amory Edwin Parkinson Barnes James Church Friend Lansing Conner Benjamin Cohoon Dorr Charles B. Gibons William C. Harrington Howard Woodford Marx Harry S. Menke! Anthony Martin A.B. Williams College. Miller William Edwin ' B.S. University Chicago. McClure Robert Samuel A.B. University Chicago. Schrieber Frank Servis Howard H. Stafford Elmore Hurst Stockton Eugene Manning Timke Julius Wright Charles Yomaguchi Shun Chicago. Evanston. Aledo. Clticago. Berwyn. Princeton. Watseka. Chicago. Chicago. Galena Oltio. Chicago. Chicago. B . Rock Island. Highwood. Elm! . Chicago. Japan. THE LAW SCHOOL. HOLDERS OF ACADEMIC DEGREES . Colleges Number BReleopirte sCenotlelde. G . Bowdoin College Carthage College Central College Columbia University Cornell College De Pauw University · Harvard University Hedding College Illinois College Iowa State College Knox College L Stanford Jr. University Northwestern University Obe College Ohio Wesleyan University Otterbein College Princeton University St. Mary' College University Chicago University Illinois U ) U Vittorio Emmanuele College ( Italy ) Washburn Colleg Washington Jefferson College Wheaton College Will College Wooster University Yale U Tota! · ' Counted Total Total RECAPITULATION. R Bachelors L II Third Year R Students Second Year Regular Students First Yea Regular Students Special Students Total Holders Academic Degrees Percentage College Gradu ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF WISCONSIN. Graduates Law School Bar Wisc exan . RULES FOR ADMISSION TO THE BAR OF ILLINOIS. Inquiries Admission Bar Illinois N. W. Branson Secretary State Board Law Examiners Petersburg Ill. Illinois Supreme Court State State Board Law Examiners " Ottawa Chicago Springfield Mt. Vernon " " " State United States " Board Law Examiners Illinois ?. THE LAW SCHOOL. Board lawyers . All . Rule Board Law Examiners · Law School "Each State. A ' English Algebra Geometry Ancient History Physiology Rhetoric Physics Physical Geography Botany Bookkeeping Medireval Modern History English American History English American Literature Zoology English Composition . " English American History Literature (Latin ) . " " . University College " . State " . State NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. " . State ( ) ' " . State " . Illinois University College State President Secretary University College " . President Secretary University College ." Rule "An . Rule Supreme Court ." ALUMNI NEWS. OFFICERS OF THE RECENTLY FORMED BRANCHES OF THE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION. During Alumni A Branches A State Territory Alumni S Ulinois Cook County. A Secre Vice President Branch. Branches . Charles H . Blatchford Esq. General Secretary Association Alabama Arizona California Colorado .Vice President William H. H . Judson Bessemer Ala. Frede S . Nave Tucson Ariz. Georgia Ebeneze Wakely Val Dosta Ga. Idaho Albert J. Green Indiana Indian Ter. Iowa Kansas Moscow Idaho. • S Henry B. Wilkinson Ph Ariz. Theodore vV . Hubbard Parrott Bldg. San Francisco Cal. A. Lee Doud Ernest & Cramner Bldg. Denver Colo. James E . Babb Lewiston Idaho. Thaddeus M. Talcott Jr. South Bend Ind. Harry Campbell Sapulpa . T. Ba Gilbert Ceda R Ia. Theodore H. Mor Fairmont Ave. Wichita Kan . NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. Kentucky Michigan Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska New Eng. New Jersey Vice President Hon. "William J. Bryan Lincoln Neb. Hon. Sewell W. Abbott Wolfborough N. H. New Mexico John H. Stingle Albuquerque N. M. New York Hon. E. H. Gary N. Carolina N. Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania S. Dakota Texas Utah Virginia vVashington New York City. • Secretary ]. Clyde Nelson Sharpsburg Ky Henry F. Metzger Sault Ste. Marie Mich. Hon. Homer B. Dibell Duluth Minn. Jacob A. Ha. New York Life Bldg. Kansas City Mo. Richard A. Harlow Helena Mont. Alonzo P. Tarbox Bennett Neb. William F. Poole Jr. Franklin St. Boston Mass. Oliver L. Brown Telephone Bldg. Newark N. J Andrew M. Adams Albuquerque N. M. William F. Myers Amsterdam N. Y. James L. Curtis Raleigh N. C. Edward R. Sinkler Grafton N. D. Joseph D. Kerr Hicksville Ohio. Claud J. Bryant Lawton Okla. Charles H. Glos Chamber Commerce Portland Ore Forest G. Moorhead Beaver Penn. John F. Whitlock Forest City S. Dak. Edward Vv. Hander Waco Texas. Robert N. Freeman Salt Lake City Utah. Clare E. Crawford Elmont Va. Francis W. Coler Bailey Bldg. Seattle Wash • THE LAW SCHOOL. Vice Presideut Wisconsin S John K. Fish Old Insurance Bldg. Milwaukee Wis. Wyoming Charl F. Mall Cheyenne Wyo. Dist. Col. Phillip E . Winter "A " South E Washington D. C. Hawaii Carl S. Smith Mexico Hon. Wm. A . McLaren Switzerlan A Independencia Mexico City Mex. Hilo H. . Joseph S. Kennard Lausanne Switzerland. BRANCHES IN JUDICIAL DISTRICTS IN ILLINOIS. JUD. DIST . NO. S · . Address. Aaron J. Gould Bone Gap III. . Hon. Wilbur M. Warnock Edwardsville Ill. · Cha H. Holt Salem Ill. . Frank C. Van Sellar Paris Ill. . Thomas N. Cofer Charleston III. . John A. Barber Farmers' Nat') Bank Bldg. Springfield III. . John D. Gray Ha Ill. . Conrad G. Gumbart Macomb Ill. IO Frank S. Fulton Observatory Bldg. Peoria Ill. II. William L. McMahan Lincoln III. ' Charles B. Campbell Arcade Bldg. Kankakee III. . Wellin H. Shay Streator Ill. . William J . Sweeney Rock ! Ill. . S W . Crowell Oregon Ill. . \\' M. Mercer Coulter Blk. Aurora Ill. . John E. Goembel E. State St. Rockfo Ill. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. MEETINGS ANNOUNCED FOR MAY AND JUNE. ANNUAL BANQUET OF THE ASSOCIATION. Annual Ban Alumni Association P.M. University Club Dearborn St. Chicago. President Association Frank Orren Lowden Esq. · . Officers . All School · . A Alumni . . RECEPTION TO PROFESSOR HURD. Professor Harvey B. Hurd University Club Chicago P.M. . Professor Hurd School Faculty Professor Emeritus. Smoke Talk. School Legislature. Dr. Nathan S. Davis Sr. Medical Jurisprudence School Hon. Stephen A. Douglas Tremont House Fernando Jones Esq. President Lincoln Tremont House. Law . . All . . COMMENCEMENT. Commencement Exercises University School Law Auditorium Theatre Chicago . All . THE LAW SCHOOL. RECENT ACTION OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES ENLARGING THE FACULTY AND INCREASING THE SCHOOL LIBRARY AND EQUIPMENT. Board Trustees Dearborn Lake Trement House University . Law School ( BULLETIN) Board School. First $ ( ) School. School Faculty . With . Besides . While School' . BULLETIN. School' . Secondly Board $ Library School. American . With Chicago Law Institute Library English American . Thirdly Board Equipment Fund School. A BULLETIN. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW QUARTERS. School Northwestern University Building ( Tremont House) Dearborn Lake . University $ $ . Law School <! . ' ' . ' Chicago. • . Library . . . School . School School . School West. THE LAW SCHOOL. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF RECENT APPOINTEES TO THE FACULTY. Of Faculty School Louis MAY GREELEY Professor Law Conveyancing Chicago Harvard College Law School Harvard University Chicago . He " Privilege Witnesses Federal Courts " "Conditional Estates Fee Simple " . WILLIAM MEADE FLETCHER Professor Law Equity Pleading Practice Rappahannock Co. Virginia Episcopal High School Alexandria University Virginia University LL.B. . After Montana Colorado Chicago Hon. Loren Cone Collins. He "State Lands " "Taxation Franchises " "Equity " Equity Jurisprudence Pleading Practice. LEVI HARPER FULLER Professor Law Practice Iowa Upper Iowa University () B.S. Iowa State University LL.B. Since Chicago ' Corporations Practice Court. JoHN HENRY SHELDON LEE Asidstant Professor Law Crimes Criminal Procedure Kansas Harvard College A.B. Law School Northwestern University LL.B. Assistant State' Attorney Cook County. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF PROFESSOR HURD. HARVEY BOSTWICK HURD Professor Law Crimes Equity Pleading Professor Emeritus Huntington Connecticut . Chicago . From Hon. Henry Booth Dean School Professor Law. Illinois . Mr. Hurd . He . Three Professor Hurd' State. He Chicago Drainage Canal Lake Michigan Mississippi River. He Commission Torrens Registration Land Titles Commission . Legislature Supreme Court State. Professor Hurd Juvenile Court Pennsylvania States . Doctor Laws Northwestern University. After School . School . His State. . THE LAW SCHOOL. HISTORICAL SUMMARY. Hon. Thomas Hoyne University Chicago Alleghanies. Two School . Hon. Henry Booth LL.D . Professor Dean School Dean Emeritus . Hon. Harvf' Bostwick Hurd LL.D. School Faculty. Though School . Northwestern University Union Coll Law. University Chicago College Law Northwestern University. Throughout School Chicago West. Illinois Board Trustees Faculty. Among Board Thomas Drummond Mark Skinner Hugh Dickey George Manierre Grant Goodrich Henry G. Miller Corydon Beckwith Oliver Horton . Among Faculty Hon. John M. Wilson Superior Court Hon. Lyman Trumbull Supreme Court United States Senator James L. High Esq. . More Ct School Illinois Chicago. Its States Territories New York California Alumni Association . Association Frank . Lowden Esq. Chicago. . Since School NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY West . School West. HON. THOMAS J OYNE Founder School. HON. HENRY BOOTH LL.D. First D School. !· ON. HARVEY B. H URD LL.D. Se Pro . FRANK . LOWDE N ESQ. President Alumni A .